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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="فيلاريتوس بركاميوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيلاريتوس بركاميوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil%C3%A0ret_Bracami" title="Filàret Bracami – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Filàret Bracami" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philaretos_Brachamios" title="Philaretos Brachamios – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philaretos Brachamios" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Φιλάρετος Βραχάμιος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλάρετος Βραχάμιος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filareto_Brajamio" title="Filareto Brajamio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Filareto Brajamio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filaretos_Bra%C4%A5amios" title="Filaretos Braĥamios – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filaretos Braĥamios" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%98%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پیلارتوس واراژنونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیلارتوس واراژنونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philaretos_Brakhamios" title="Philaretos Brakhamios – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philaretos Brakhamios" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD_%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Փիլարտոս Վարաժնունի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փիլարտոս Վարաժնունի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filareto_Bracamio" title="Filareto Bracamio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filareto Bracamio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="فيلاريتوس بركاميوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيلاريتوس بركاميوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philaretos_Brachamios" title="Philaretos Brachamios – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Philaretos Brachamios" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filaret_Brachamios" title="Filaret Brachamios – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filaret Brachamios" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filareto_Brac%C3%A2mio" title="Filareto Bracâmio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filareto Bracâmio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li 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style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Philaretos Brachamios<br />Փիլարտոս Վարաժնունի</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Usurper" title="Usurper">Usurper</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kouropalat%C4%93s" class="mw-redirect" title="Kouropalatēs">Kouropalatēs</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Philaretos_Brachamios_Lead_Seal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philaretos_Brachamios_Lead_Seal.jpg/220px-Philaretos_Brachamios_Lead_Seal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philaretos_Brachamios_Lead_Seal.jpg/330px-Philaretos_Brachamios_Lead_Seal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philaretos_Brachamios_Lead_Seal.jpg/440px-Philaretos_Brachamios_Lead_Seal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="229" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Seal of Philaretos Brachamios, <i>Protokouropalates</i> and <a href="/wiki/Domestic_of_the_Scholae" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic of the Scholae">Domestic of the Scholae</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1071–1078</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romanos_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanos IV">Romanos IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael VII">Michael VII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1087</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Varajnuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Varajnuni">Varajnuni</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Philaretos Brachamios </b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Φιλάρετος Βραχάμιος</span>; <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Փիլարտոս Վահրամ Վարաժնունի</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">Pilartos Vahram Varajnuni</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Philaretus Brachamius</i>) was a distinguished <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> general and <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">warlord</a> of <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> heritage. He was for a time a claimant to the imperial throne against Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael VII">Michael VII</a>. Philaretos is attested on seals as <i><a href="/wiki/Taxiarch" title="Taxiarch">taxiarches</a></i> (commander of an infantry regiment), as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Protospatharios" title="Protospatharios">protospatharios</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Topoteretes" title="Topoteretes">topoteretes</a></i> (deputy commander) of the <a href="/wiki/Tagmata_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagmata (military)">Tagmata</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a>, then as <i><a href="/wiki/Magistros" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistros">magistros</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dux" title="Dux">doux</a></i> (duke), and finally as <i><a href="/wiki/Kouropalates" title="Kouropalates">kouropalates</a></i> and <i>doux</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philaretos_Brachamios&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the 1060–1070s, the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_highlands" title="Armenian highlands">Armenian highlands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Taurus_Mountains" title="Anti-Taurus Mountains">Anti-Taurus Mountains</a> had been exposed to <a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkoman</a> warriors and their rule, while the presence of local <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> lords in the region stretching from the <a href="/wiki/Cilician_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilician plain">Cilician plain</a> to <a href="/wiki/Diyar_Mudar" title="Diyar Mudar">Diyar Mudar</a> persisted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeacockDe_Nicola201660_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeacockDe_Nicola201660-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philaretos_Brachamios&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_of_Philaretus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/State_of_Philaretus.jpg/220px-State_of_Philaretus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/State_of_Philaretus.jpg/330px-State_of_Philaretus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/State_of_Philaretus.jpg/440px-State_of_Philaretus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>State controlled by Philaretos.</figcaption></figure> <p>Philaretos is described by <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Syrian" title="Michael the Syrian">Michael the Syrian</a> as having a "tough and robust character" while <a href="/wiki/Matthew_of_Edessa" title="Matthew of Edessa">Matthew of Edessa</a> saw him as a "lawless and most evil prince".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philaretos held a high command in the army of <a href="/wiki/Romanus_IV_Diogenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanus IV Diogenes">Romanus IV Diogenes</a>. In 1069 he was given the command of the main Byzantine army that was protecting the frontier of Mesopotamia while Romanus participated in the siege of Akhlat.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Turks">Seljuk Turks</a> who advanced deep into <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lycaonia" title="Lycaonia">Lycaonia</a> and plundered at will before rapidly retreating with their spoils. He was present at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert" title="Battle of Manzikert">Battle of Manzikert</a> in 1071, where he commanded a division of Romanus' army, and remained at the head of a considerable body of troops after the defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of the battle, he commanded the forces of the fortress <a href="/wiki/Romanopolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanopolis">Romanopolis</a>, and on Romanus' death he assumed the title of emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the only remaining Byzantine general in the southeast he established a quasi-autonomous realm in the neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Germanicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanicia">Germanicia</a>, which stretched from <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Edessa,_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Edessa, Mesopotamia">Edessa</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The core of his army was composed of 8,000 "Franks" (<a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a>) under <a href="/wiki/Raimbaud" title="Raimbaud">Raimbaud</a>. In 1078, at the beginning of the rule of <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_III_Botaneiates" title="Nikephoros III Botaneiates">Nikephoros III Botaneiates</a>, he agreed to abandon his imperial claims on condition that Botaneiates appoint him as the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Antioch">duke of Antioch</a>, which included Edessa.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several seals testify him as <i><a href="/wiki/Megas_domestikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Megas domestikos">megas domestikos</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kouropalates" title="Kouropalates">protokouropalates</a></i>, then <i><a href="/wiki/Sebastos" title="Sebastos">sebastos</a></i>, then even <i><a href="/wiki/Protosebastos" title="Protosebastos">protosebastos</a></i>. </p><p>He retained his dukedom until the <a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turks</a> began to press heavily upon him. In December 1084, he <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch_(1084%E2%80%931085)" title="Siege of Antioch (1084–1085)">lost Antioch</a> to <a href="/wiki/Suleyman_I_of_R%C3%BBm" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleyman I of Rûm">Suleiman I</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Turks of Rum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiorgiEger2021338–339_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiorgiEger2021338–339-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1087, Edessa fell to <a href="/wiki/Malik_Shah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Shah I">Malik Shah</a> and Philaretos escaped back to the fortress of Germanicia; however, some sources indicate that he died in 1086. He was the last well-known <a href="/wiki/Domestic_of_the_Schools" title="Domestic of the Schools">Domestic of the Schools</a> of the East. His sons handed Germanicia to the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> in 1098. After his death, his principality fell apart and various other Armenians took control of fractions of it: <a href="/wiki/Kogh_Vasil" title="Kogh Vasil">Kogh Vasil</a> controlled the area of <a href="/wiki/Kaysun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaysun">Kaysun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Araban" title="Araban">Raban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hromkla" class="mw-redirect" title="Hromkla">Hromkla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thoros_of_Edessa" title="Thoros of Edessa">Thoros</a> controlled Edessa, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_of_Melitene" title="Gabriel of Melitene">Gabriel</a> held <a href="/wiki/Melitene" class="mw-redirect" title="Melitene">Melitene</a> and a certain <a href="/wiki/Constantine_of_Gargar" title="Constantine of Gargar">Constantine</a> the town of <a href="/wiki/Gerger" title="Gerger">Gargar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrews201669_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews201669-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeihammer2017293-295_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeihammer2017293-295-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philaretos_Brachamios&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philaretos_Brachamios&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeacockDe_Nicola201660-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeacockDe_Nicola201660_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeacockDe_Nicola2016">Peacock & De Nicola 2016</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pp. 56-58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiorgiEger2021338–339-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiorgiEger2021338–339_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiorgiEger2021">Giorgi & Eger 2021</a>, pp. 338–339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews201669-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrews201669_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrews2016">Andrews 2016</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeihammer2017293-295-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeihammer2017293-295_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeihammer2017">Beihammer 2017</a>, p. 293-295.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philaretos_Brachamios&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2016" class="citation book cs1">Andrews, Tara L. (28 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RvuYDQAAQBAJ"><i>Mattʿēos Uṙhayecʿi and His Chronicle History as Apocalypse in a Crossroads of Cultures</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004330351" title="Special:BookSources/9789004330351"><bdi>9789004330351</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matt%CA%BF%C4%93os+U%E1%B9%99hayec%CA%BFi+and+His+Chronicle+History+as+Apocalypse+in+a+Crossroads+of+Cultures&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2016-11-28&rft.isbn=9789004330351&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Tara+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRvuYDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilaretos+Brachamios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeihammer2017" class="citation book cs1">Beihammer, Alexander Daniel (2017). <i>Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040-1130</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-22959-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-22959-4"><bdi>978-1-138-22959-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Emergence+of+Muslim+Turkish+Anatolia%2C+ca.+1040-1130&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-138-22959-4&rft.aulast=Beihammer&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilaretos+Brachamios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDadoyan2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seta_Dadoyan" title="Seta Dadoyan">Dadoyan, Seta B.</a> (2013). <i>The Armenians in the Medieval Islamic World: Armenian Realpolitik in the Islamic World and Diverging Paradigms: Case of Cilicia Eleventh to Fourteenth Centuries</i>. 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London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia+and+the+Crusades%2C+10th+to+12th+Centuries.+Chronicles+of+Matthew+of+Edessa&rft.place=London&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Dostourian&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilaretos+Brachamios" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinlay1854" class="citation book cs1">Finlay, George (1854). <i>History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057 – 1453</i>. Vol. 2. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antioch%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-317-54041-0&rft.aulast=Giorgi&rft.aufirst=Andrea+U.+De&rft.au=Eger%2C+A.+Asa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhRgoEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilaretos+Brachamios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGravettNicolle2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gravett" title="Christopher Gravett">Gravett, Christopher</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Nicolle" title="David Nicolle">Nicolle, David</a> (2006). <i>The Normans: Warrior Knights and their Castles</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Normans%3A+Warrior+Knights+and+their+Castles&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Gravett&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Nicolle%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilaretos+Brachamios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeacockDe_Nicola2016" class="citation book cs1">Peacock, Andrew Charles Spencer; De Nicola, Bruno (9 March 2016). <i>Islam and Christianity in Medieval Anatolia</i>. Taylor & Francis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Christianity+in+Medieval+Anatolia&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016-03-09&rft.aulast=Peacock&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Charles+Spencer&rft.au=De+Nicola%2C+Bruno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilaretos+Brachamios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYarnley1972" class="citation journal cs1">Yarnley, C. J. (1972). "Philaretos: Armenian Bandit or Byzantine General". <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_des_%C3%89tudes_Arm%C3%A9niennes" title="Revue des Études Arméniennes">Revue des Études Arméniennes</a></i>. <b>9</b>. Paris: 331–353.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+des+%C3%89tudes+Arm%C3%A9niennes&rft.atitle=Philaretos%3A+Armenian+Bandit+or+Byzantine+General&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=331-353&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Yarnley&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilaretos+Brachamios" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philaretos_Brachamios&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoltsida-Makre2017" class="citation journal cs1">Koltsida-Makre, Ioanna (2017). Caseau, Béatrice; Prigent, Vivien; Sopracasa, Alessio (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37503079">"Philaretos Brachamios,Portrait of a Byzantine Official: An Unpublished Lead Seal in the Byzantine Museum of Phthiotis (Greece)"</a>. <i>Travaux et mémoires</i>. Centre de recherche d'histoire et civilisation byzans: 325–333<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Travaux+et+m%C3%A9moires&rft.atitle=Philaretos+Brachamios%2CPortrait+of+a+Byzantine+Official%3A+An+Unpublished+Lead+Seal+in+the+Byzantine+Museum+of+Phthiotis+%28Greece%29&rft.pages=325-333&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Koltsida-Makre&rft.aufirst=Ioanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37503079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilaretos+Brachamios" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasak_Pahlavouni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasak Pahlavouni (page does not exist)">Vasak Pahlavouni</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Antioch" title="Duchy of Antioch"><i>Doux</i> of Antioch</a> </b><br />1078–1084 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Seljuq_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq Empire">Seljuk</a> conquest </b> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philaretos_Brachamios&oldid=1253710676">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philaretos_Brachamios&oldid=1253710676</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1080s_deaths" title="Category:1080s 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