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8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need" title="US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere" title="US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide">US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 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10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere" title="US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl" title="World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created">World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta" title="Srishti Gupta" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Srishti Gupta</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 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9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl" title="World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy" title="New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells">New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div 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stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr" title="Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors">Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr" title="Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine" title="Russia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack">Russia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine" title="Russia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech" title="Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech">Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 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3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech" title="Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us" title="Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power">Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" title="Ameya Paleja" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Ameya Paleja</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us" title="Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost" title="Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant">Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost" title="Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold" title="Hidden secret text found beneath gold leaf on 1,000-year-old ancient Blue Quran">Hidden secret text found beneath gold leaf on 1,000-year-old ancient Blue Quran</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta" title="Srishti Gupta" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Srishti Gupta</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold" title="Hidden secret text found beneath gold leaf on 1,000-year-old ancient Blue Quran"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/space" title="Space"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Space</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid" title="Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event">Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">7 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid" title="Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb" title="Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out">Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2" title="Kaif Shaikh" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kaif Shaikh</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">8 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb" title="Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army" title="GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet">GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">9 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army" title="GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight" title="Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom's vision for supersonic flight">Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom's vision for supersonic flight</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">10 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight" title="Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom's vision for supersonic flight"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine" title="World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency">World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">10 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine" title="World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles" title="US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades">US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">11 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles" title="US Navy submarines to re-arm with nuclear cruise missiles after 3 decades"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3 t-bg-surface-premium t-p-6 dark:t-bg-transparent"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/space" title="Space"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Space</div></a></div><div class="t-flex t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center"><svg width="19" height="16" viewBox="0 0 19 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 0H18.1111C18.602 0 19 0.397969 19 0.888889V16H0V0Z" fill="#FAF0E1"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.4686 4.84995V3.83745V2.82496H5.27474V12.95H10.5662L10.0294 10.9305H7.29808V8.89722H10.5662V7.69077V6.8777H7.29808V4.84448L11.4686 4.84995Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M4.25828 2.82495L1.84985 2.82496V12.95H4.25828V2.82495Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M10.9623 10.925L11.4685 12.95H12.9873V14.975H15.0123V12.95H17.0373V10.925H15.0123V8.89996H12.9873V10.925H11.9748H10.9623Z" fill="#FF9900"></path></svg></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism" title="How Halo Space's 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses">How Halo Space's 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard" title="Sade Agard" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sade Agard</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">11 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism" title="How Halo Space's 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/health" title="Health"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Health</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu" title="NYU performs world's first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone">NYU performs world's first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">13 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu" title="NYU performs world's first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/space" title="Space"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Space</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet" title="Starlink rival: China's SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil">Starlink rival: China's SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">14 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet" title="Starlink rival: China's SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes" title="Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better">Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" title="Ameya Paleja" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Ameya Paleja</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">15 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 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!t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 t-capitalize t-px-2 t-py-1">Culture</div></a></li></ul><h1 class="content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading">The Future of Construction: Mushroom Buildings</h1><h4 class="article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA"><p>The future of construction is rotten. The process which has long been known to decompose and recycle organic matter may soon provide the building blocks to construct our future. The technology is owed to nonother than the mushroom- or more accurately, fungus. Fungi have dominated the world’s undergrowth for millions of years. Their unique ability […]</p> </h4><time class="t-mt-4 t-text-sm t-text-gray-500"><b>Published:</b> Jan 30, 2017 04:03 PM EST</time></div></div><section class="t-flex t-justify-center max-md:t-flex-col t-mt-6 max-md:t-mt-0 md:t-mt-[0]"><div class="t-w-full md:t-w-[60%] t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="article-heading"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-1"></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-justify-between headingSection_author_info__s8Xap"><div class="author-info t-flex t-justify-left t-gap-2 headingSection_article_info_left__Wirfv"><div class="headingSection_author_info__avatar__LEJVf"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/interesting-engineering"><img src="https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/OwwpCxIioHeA.jpg" alt="Interesting Engineering" 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3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="t-mb-4 md:t-mb-[16px] articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__pQ08x"><img alt="The Future of Construction: Mushroom Buildings" loading="lazy" width="584" height="421" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__image__HYfDF" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.interestingengineering.com%2Fimages%2Fuploads%2Fmushroom-tower-2.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.interestingengineering.com%2Fimages%2Fuploads%2Fmushroom-tower-2.jpg&w=1200&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.interestingengineering.com%2Fimages%2Fuploads%2Fmushroom-tower-2.jpg&w=1200&q=75"/><div class="t-flex t-justify-between article-thumbnail--info t-mt-2"><p class="article-thumbnail--description body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third"></p><p class="article-thumbnail--reference body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third"></p></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="body-content true articleBody_firstLetter__fWMYV body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div><p style="text-align: left;">The future of construction is rotten. The process which has long been known to decompose and recycle organic matter may soon provide the building blocks to construct our future. The technology is owed to nonother than the mushroom- or more accurately, fungus.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Fungi have dominated the world’s undergrowth for <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/07/14/50-million-year-old-mushroom-found-trapped-in-amber/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>millions of years</strong></a>. Their unique ability to decompose organic matter enables them to thrive from the life of other organisms. Over decades of research and development, scientists are narrowing in on technologies which will allow engineers to use fungus as the main building material in future constructions.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <h2>Molding the future with fungus</h2> <p>The visible portion of a fungus, or a mushroom, only represents a minute fraction of the fungus. Beneath the surface, mushrooms can quickly grow out thread-like roots called <strong>mycelium</strong>. In recent years, scientists have developed ways to make use of the web-like formations to create many materials, including bricks.</p> <h2>Building a 40-Foot tower made of living mushroom bricks</h2> <p>An architectural team known as <a href="http://www.thelivingnewyork.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">The Living</a> designed the world’s first mushroom brick tower back in 2014. The team constructed the bricks entirely from fibrous fungi which grew from agricultural waste. The idea came from <a href="http://www.ecovativedesign.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ecovative</a>, a research company who develops alternate uses for mushroom mycelium.</p> <p>The Living collaborated with structural engineers to design a building made entirely from mushrooms. The team spent weeks investigating which techniques worked best to support the most weight.</p> <p>After rigorous testing, the team decided to take on the task of building a structurally sound 40-foot tower. The tower consisted of 10,000 bricks and reached 40-feet into the air.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p style="text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" class="img-responsive lazy" src="https://images.interestingengineering.com/images/import/2017/01/mushroom-tower-1.jpg" />[Edited Image Source: <em><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G2tQ_0AiqY" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">The Creators Project/Youtube</a></em>]</p> <p>The bricks used to construct the building were grown in three separate molds. To make the bricks, researchers filled molds with organic matter infused with spores. It only takes five days for the mushrooms to transform the organic matter into a viable brick, making the process cheap and efficient. Although it is not the same as conventional building materials, the early stages of mycelium material engineering are proving hopeful.</p> <h2>How does it compare?</h2> <p>As with most emerging technologies, to become a viable alternative to conventional building materials, the mushroom brick will still require extensive research and development. In essence, the brick is not as strong and does not have a long useful lifespan in comparison to most building materials.</p> <p>One of the most commonly used construction materials is concrete. Concrete on its own maintains a compressive strength of concrete <a href="https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi7g6SZuuDRAhUk0IMKHaP-BqwQFggcMAE&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrmca.org%2Faboutconcrete%2Fcips%2F35p.pdf&usg=AFQjCNFEJkwr3xiiOAQ_5LoGaQl40f_5kw&sig2=MLVYZ2HyG9pjS3WsJ_bEVA&bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>4000 psi</strong> </a>(<strong>28 MPa</strong>), up to<a href="https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi7g6SZuuDRAhUk0IMKHaP-BqwQFggcMAE&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrmca.org%2Faboutconcrete%2Fcips%2F35p.pdf&usg=AFQjCNFEJkwr3xiiOAQ_5LoGaQl40f_5kw&sig2=MLVYZ2HyG9pjS3WsJ_bEVA&bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> <strong>10,000 psi</strong></a> (<strong>70 MPa</strong>) depending on the requirements. Comparatively, the mushroom bricks can only withstand<a href="https://www.wired.com/2014/07/a-40-foot-tower-made-of-fungus-and-corn-stalks/#slide-5" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong> 30 Psi</strong>,</a> or <strong>0.2 MPa</strong>.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Though it cannot support nearly as much weight, it is also much lighter than concrete. The mushroom brick weighs an astonishing<strong> 43 kg/m³</strong><strong>. </strong>On the other hand, concrete weighs about <strong><a href="https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjPoaS-u-DRAhUF5oMKHReAC4YQFghgMBA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineeringtoolbox.com%2Fconcrete-properties-d_1223.html&usg=AFQjCNG9KoKtV084zOam6VrY3SDNSHe4yw&sig2=8tx2PZ5xV-Zw8Gt9UosvxQ&bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">2,400 kg/m³</a></strong>. Despite the brick’s lack of compressive strength, its low density makes it useful in areas which do not need as much support. The bricks can be used as a both an insulator and as support for interior walls within a building.</p> <p>The bricks are also surprisingly durable. Before being used to construct the 40-foot tower, engineers put the bricks under accelerated aging- a process which stimulates three years of weathering (wind, rain, and humidity) over a three-week period.</p> <p>“After three years of accelerated aging the material performed exactly the same as it did originally,” <a href="https://www.wired.com/2014/07/a-40-foot-tower-made-of-fungus-and-corn-stalks/#slide-7" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">says David Benjamin, </a>on of the coordinators at The Living.<br /> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IHhVpXCpTA0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p> <h2>Other Applications</h2> <p>The applications mushrooms reach far beyond that of just building applications.</p></div></div><div class="recommendedArticle_recommended_article__ENN1_"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div><h4 class="recommended-article--title overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">RECOMMENDED ARTICLES</h4><div class="OUTBRAIN" data-widget-id="GS_11"></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Large companies are looking to mycelium as an alternative to conventional packaging materials. The mushroom packaging is naturally fire resistant and it can be easily molded to any shape. With a curing time of only five days, the mushroom manufacturing process is proving to be a viable option for other cooperations to consider.</p> <p>Of course, the largest driving force behind mushroom materials is its environmental friendliness. It is carbon neutral and if exposed to living organisms, it can be decomposed.</p> <p>The technology behind mushroom engineering is still in its infancy. As more carbon taxes are inevitably imposed with the increasing threat of global warming, humanity will be required to take alternative measures to save money now, and save the planet later.</p> <p>Source: <a href="http://inhabitat.com/interview-architect-david-benjamin-on-building-the-worlds-first-mushroom-tower-at-ps1/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><em>Inhabitat</em></a></p> <h2class="h3-style">SEE ALSO: <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ikea-moves-mushrooms-replace-current-packaging/" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">IKEA Moves to Mushrooms to Replace Current Packaging</a></h2> </div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class=""><div class="CommentSection_commentsblock__cerVm" id="commentsBlock"><div class="CommentSection_title__aI0LW t-inline-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-gap-1 comments-toggle"><span><svg 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The process which has long been known to decompose and recycle organic matter may soon provide the building blocks to construct our future. The technology is owed to nonother than the mushroom- or more accurately, fungus.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eFungi have dominated the world\u0026#8217;s undergrowth for \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/07/14/50-million-year-old-mushroom-found-trapped-in-amber/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emillions of years\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. Their unique ability to decompose organic matter enables them to thrive from the life of other organisms. Over decades of research and development, scientists are narrowing in on technologies which will allow engineers to use fungus as the main building material in future constructions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMolding the future with fungus\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe visible portion of a fungus, or a mushroom, only represents a minute fraction of the fungus. Beneath the surface, mushrooms can quickly grow out thread-like roots called \u003cstrong\u003emycelium\u003c/strong\u003e. In recent years, scientists have developed ways to make use of the web-like formations to create many materials, including bricks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBuilding a 40-Foot tower made of living mushroom bricks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn architectural team known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelivingnewyork.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Living\u003c/a\u003e designed the world\u0026#8217;s first mushroom brick tower back in 2014. The team constructed the bricks entirely from fibrous fungi which grew from agricultural waste. The idea came from \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecovativedesign.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEcovative\u003c/a\u003e, a research company who develops alternate uses for mushroom mycelium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Living collaborated with structural engineers to design a building made entirely from mushrooms. The team spent weeks investigating which techniques worked best to support the most weight.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team decided to take on the task of building a structurally sound 40-foot tower. The tower consisted of 10,000 bricks and reached 40-feet into the air.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive lazy\" src=\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/images/import/2017/01/mushroom-tower-1.jpg\" /\u003e[Edited Image Source: \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G2tQ_0AiqY\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Creators Project/Youtube\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bricks used to construct the building were grown in three separate molds. To make the bricks, researchers filled molds with organic matter infused with spores. It only takes five days for the mushrooms to transform the organic matter into a viable brick, making the process cheap and efficient. Although it is not the same as conventional building materials, the early stages of mycelium material engineering are proving hopeful.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow does it compare?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs with most emerging technologies, to become a viable alternative to conventional building materials, the mushroom brick will still require extensive research and development. In essence, the brick is not as strong and does not have a long useful lifespan in comparison to most building materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the most commonly used construction materials is concrete. Concrete on its own maintains a compressive strength of concrete \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwi7g6SZuuDRAhUk0IMKHaP-BqwQFggcMAE\u0026#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrmca.org%2Faboutconcrete%2Fcips%2F35p.pdf\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNFEJkwr3xiiOAQ_5LoGaQl40f_5kw\u0026#038;sig2=MLVYZ2HyG9pjS3WsJ_bEVA\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4000 psi\u003c/strong\u003e \u003c/a\u003e(\u003cstrong\u003e28 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e), up to\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwi7g6SZuuDRAhUk0IMKHaP-BqwQFggcMAE\u0026#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrmca.org%2Faboutconcrete%2Fcips%2F35p.pdf\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNFEJkwr3xiiOAQ_5LoGaQl40f_5kw\u0026#038;sig2=MLVYZ2HyG9pjS3WsJ_bEVA\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e10,000 psi\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003e70 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e) depending on the requirements. Comparatively, the mushroom bricks can only withstand\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2014/07/a-40-foot-tower-made-of-fungus-and-corn-stalks/#slide-5\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e 30 Psi\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/a\u003e or \u003cstrong\u003e0.2 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThough it cannot support nearly as much weight, it is also much lighter than concrete. The mushroom brick weighs an astonishing\u003cstrong\u003e 43 kg/m³\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e. \u003c/strong\u003eOn the other hand, concrete weighs about \u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;sqi=2\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwjPoaS-u-DRAhUF5oMKHReAC4YQFghgMBA\u0026#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineeringtoolbox.com%2Fconcrete-properties-d_1223.html\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNG9KoKtV084zOam6VrY3SDNSHe4yw\u0026#038;sig2=8tx2PZ5xV-Zw8Gt9UosvxQ\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2,400 kg/m³\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e. Despite the brick\u0026#8217;s lack of compressive strength, its low density makes it useful in areas which do not need as much support. The bricks can be used as a both an insulator and as support for interior walls within a building.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bricks are also surprisingly durable. Before being used to construct the 40-foot tower, engineers put the bricks under accelerated aging- a process which stimulates three years of weathering (wind, rain, and humidity) over a three-week period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“After three years of accelerated aging the material performed exactly the same as it did originally,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2014/07/a-40-foot-tower-made-of-fungus-and-corn-stalks/#slide-7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esays David Benjamin, \u003c/a\u003eon of the coordinators at The Living.\u003cbr /\u003e \u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/IHhVpXCpTA0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOther Applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications mushrooms reach far beyond that of just building applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge companies are looking to mycelium as an alternative to conventional packaging materials. The mushroom packaging is naturally fire resistant and it can be easily molded to any shape. With a curing time of only five days, the mushroom manufacturing process is proving to be a viable option for other cooperations to consider.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, the largest driving force behind mushroom materials is its environmental friendliness. It is carbon neutral and if exposed to living organisms, it can be decomposed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe technology behind mushroom engineering is still in its infancy. As more carbon taxes are inevitably imposed with the increasing threat of global warming, humanity will be required to take alternative measures to save money now, and save the planet later.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/interview-architect-david-benjamin-on-building-the-worlds-first-mushroom-tower-at-ps1/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eInhabitat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSEE ALSO: \u003ca href=\"http://interestingengineering.com/ikea-moves-mushrooms-replace-current-packaging/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eIKEA Moves to Mushrooms to Replace Current Packaging\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1e:T536,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003ch2\u003eMolding the future with fungus\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe visible portion of a fungus, or a mushroom, only represents a minute fraction of the fungus. Beneath the surface, mushrooms can quickly grow out thread-like roots called \u003cstrong\u003emycelium\u003c/strong\u003e. In recent years, scientists have developed ways to make use of the web-like formations to create many materials, including bricks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBuilding a 40-Foot tower made of living mushroom bricks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn architectural team known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelivingnewyork.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Living\u003c/a\u003e designed the world\u0026#8217;s first mushroom brick tower back in 2014. The team constructed the bricks entirely from fibrous fungi which grew from agricultural waste. The idea came from \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecovativedesign.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEcovative\u003c/a\u003e, a research company who develops alternate uses for mushroom mycelium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Living collaborated with structural engineers to design a building made entirely from mushrooms. The team spent weeks investigating which techniques worked best to support the most weight.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team decided to take on the task of building a structurally sound 40-foot tower. The tower consisted of 10,000 bricks and reached 40-feet into the air.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1f:T98c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive lazy\" src=\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/images/import/2017/01/mushroom-tower-1.jpg\" /\u003e[Edited Image Source: \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G2tQ_0AiqY\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Creators Project/Youtube\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bricks used to construct the building were grown in three separate molds. To make the bricks, researchers filled molds with organic matter infused with spores. It only takes five days for the mushrooms to transform the organic matter into a viable brick, making the process cheap and efficient. Although it is not the same as conventional building materials, the early stages of mycelium material engineering are proving hopeful.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow does it compare?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs with most emerging technologies, to become a viable alternative to conventional building materials, the mushroom brick will still require extensive research and development. In essence, the brick is not as strong and does not have a long useful lifespan in comparison to most building materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the most commonly used construction materials is concrete. Concrete on its own maintains a compressive strength of concrete \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwi7g6SZuuDRAhUk0IMKHaP-BqwQFggcMAE\u0026#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrmca.org%2Faboutconcrete%2Fcips%2F35p.pdf\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNFEJkwr3xiiOAQ_5LoGaQl40f_5kw\u0026#038;sig2=MLVYZ2HyG9pjS3WsJ_bEVA\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4000 psi\u003c/strong\u003e \u003c/a\u003e(\u003cstrong\u003e28 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e), up to\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwi7g6SZuuDRAhUk0IMKHaP-BqwQFggcMAE\u0026#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrmca.org%2Faboutconcrete%2Fcips%2F35p.pdf\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNFEJkwr3xiiOAQ_5LoGaQl40f_5kw\u0026#038;sig2=MLVYZ2HyG9pjS3WsJ_bEVA\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e10,000 psi\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003e70 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e) depending on the requirements. Comparatively, the mushroom bricks can only withstand\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2014/07/a-40-foot-tower-made-of-fungus-and-corn-stalks/#slide-5\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e 30 Psi\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/a\u003e or \u003cstrong\u003e0.2 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"20:T6b7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThough it cannot support nearly as much weight, it is also much lighter than concrete. The mushroom brick weighs an astonishing\u003cstrong\u003e 43 kg/m³\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e. \u003c/strong\u003eOn the other hand, concrete weighs about \u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;sqi=2\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwjPoaS-u-DRAhUF5oMKHReAC4YQFghgMBA\u0026#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineeringtoolbox.com%2Fconcrete-properties-d_1223.html\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNG9KoKtV084zOam6VrY3SDNSHe4yw\u0026#038;sig2=8tx2PZ5xV-Zw8Gt9UosvxQ\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2,400 kg/m³\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e. Despite the brick\u0026#8217;s lack of compressive strength, its low density makes it useful in areas which do not need as much support. The bricks can be used as a both an insulator and as support for interior walls within a building.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bricks are also surprisingly durable. Before being used to construct the 40-foot tower, engineers put the bricks under accelerated aging- a process which stimulates three years of weathering (wind, rain, and humidity) over a three-week period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“After three years of accelerated aging the material performed exactly the same as it did originally,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2014/07/a-40-foot-tower-made-of-fungus-and-corn-stalks/#slide-7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esays David Benjamin, \u003c/a\u003eon of the coordinators at The Living.\u003cbr /\u003e \u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/IHhVpXCpTA0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOther Applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications mushrooms reach far beyond that of just building applications.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"21:T4a8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eLarge companies are looking to mycelium as an alternative to conventional packaging materials. The mushroom packaging is naturally fire resistant and it can be easily molded to any shape. With a curing time of only five days, the mushroom manufacturing process is proving to be a viable option for other cooperations to consider.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, the largest driving force behind mushroom materials is its environmental friendliness. It is carbon neutral and if exposed to living organisms, it can be decomposed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe technology behind mushroom engineering is still in its infancy. As more carbon taxes are inevitably imposed with the increasing threat of global warming, humanity will be required to take alternative measures to save money now, and save the planet later.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/interview-architect-david-benjamin-on-building-the-worlds-first-mushroom-tower-at-ps1/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eInhabitat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSEE ALSO: \u003ca href=\"http://interestingengineering.com/ikea-moves-mushrooms-replace-current-packaging/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eIKEA Moves to Mushrooms to Replace Current Packaging\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"22:T187c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWhy Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. 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Now, Mexico\u0026#039;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"565\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"406\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"24:T1680,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical insights.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"25:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"26:T4e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"27:T499,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"28:T44f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"29:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting 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Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2b:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2c:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2e:T1de9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNeanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:25:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/fsfsdf.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1160\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"557\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 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60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T1980,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor centuries, Neanderthals were often portrayed as primitive, brutish beings. But a new discovery has challenged this long-held stereotype.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA Neanderthal glue-making structure has been uncovered at Vanguard Cave in Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eArchaeologists found a specialized hearth or “burning structure,” which they believe was used to create a prehistoric superglue: birch tar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery provides evidence of their advanced fire-using techniques, suggesting Neanderthals were more intelligent than previously thought.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"30:T7d2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"31:T6f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"32:T88c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"33:T1975,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFrom Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V on Interesting Engineering. 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Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"35:T465,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-16 Fighting Falcon, a cornerstone of modern air power, has cemented its legacy as one of the most versatile and widely used fighter jets in history. Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"36:T2039,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion 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Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"38:T961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"39:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3a:T70c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3b:T1c4c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture plant to suck 500,000 tons of CO2 yearly\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"wordCount\":552,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Artist's rendering of a direct-air-capture facility powered by wind energy. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; 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Dubbed Project Concho, the facility aims to capture 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually beyond 2030 and will generate verified carbon credits of significant value, a press release said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the name suggests, direct air capture (DAC) technology allows for the capture of carbon directly from the air in an attempt to reduce the circulating CO2 in the atmosphere. This can help combat climate change and slow down the planet\u0026#8217;s warming. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T48b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3e:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3f:T8b3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"40:T1dae,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS plans to beam wireless power to battlefields, no battery needed\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Under the contract, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-raytheon-directed-energy-wireless-power-beaming\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US plans to beam wireless power to battlefields, no battery needed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Under the contract, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-raytheon-directed-energy-wireless-power-beaming\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:35:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:35:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-93.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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troops.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move has been carried out with an intention to make logistics simpler for the US troops by removing the need for moving fuel and batteries across the battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe directed energy wireless power system, once developed, would be able to beam energy directly to the units and systems that need it to function.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny army formation is dependent on a large number of food, ammunition, surveillance and strike capabilities. Their mobility is dependent on the supply lines functioning efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith modernization, there is a growing need for power in almost all departments on the battlefield – especially with the increasing role of drones, and other unmanned systems. This leads to a lot of batteries being carried, even by soldiers in their backpacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA battery running out of power on the battlefield \u0026#8211; where recharging is not an option \u0026#8211; can slow down the progress of an individual – and, as a result, the whole formation. Therefore, the directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities can be a game-changer in the long run.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-us-army-s-contract-to-raytheon-for-directed-energy\"\u003eUS Army’s contract to Raytheon for directed energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe work on the directed energy wireless power beaming capability is being conducted as\u0026nbsp;part of a larger effort under the Department of Defense\u0026#8217;s Operational Energy Strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder \u003ca href=\"https://www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2024/11/14/rtxs-raytheon-awarded-u-s-army-contract-for-wireless-power-beaming-technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe contract\u003c/a\u003e, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies to enable a long-range demonstration in line with the requirements of the US Army\u0026#8217;s manned and unmanned systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capability to beam power wirelessly will significantly reduce the need for troops to carry additional fuel and batteries, easing their logistics, increasing their operation time, and safeguarding their locations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, wireless power enables energy uniformity in the battlespace, \u003ca href=\"https://newatlas.com/military/us-army-taps-raytheon-replace-fuel-lines-beam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eallowing\u003c/a\u003e ease of capture and delivery of energy to sensor systems without the need for concentrated fuel depots that could be vulnerable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Wireless power and data can provide enhanced capability in the future manned and unmanned teaming battlespace,\u0026#8221; said\u0026nbsp;Colin Whelan, president of Advanced Technology at Raytheon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This is extremely important in highly contested threat environments where operations are challenged.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-past-works-in-this-direction\"\u003ePast works in this direction\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/darpa-laser-power-transfer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e(DARPA\u003c/a\u003e) had awarded a contract to Raytheon to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wireless-energy-transmission-darpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign and develop\u003c/a\u003e a wireless, airborne relay system to transfer energy in contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project had a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimple\u003c/a\u003e goal: giving US the ability to power anything on the battlefield from anywhere. It was a two-year, $10 million contract which asked the company to create a Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER) system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe POWER system would have used a number of high-altitude unmanned vessels, which would be equipped with laser-based power receiving and transmission facilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt the time, DARPA had predicted that the tech could also be used in civilian situations to provide relief in case of natural disasters and power up devices in remote regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"42:T57e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-us-army-s-contract-to-raytheon-for-directed-energy\"\u003eUS Army’s contract to Raytheon for directed energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe work on the directed energy wireless power beaming capability is being conducted as\u0026nbsp;part of a larger effort under the Department of Defense\u0026#8217;s Operational Energy Strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder \u003ca href=\"https://www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2024/11/14/rtxs-raytheon-awarded-u-s-army-contract-for-wireless-power-beaming-technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe contract\u003c/a\u003e, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies to enable a long-range demonstration in line with the requirements of the US Army\u0026#8217;s manned and unmanned systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capability to beam power wirelessly will significantly reduce the need for troops to carry additional fuel and batteries, easing their logistics, increasing their operation time, and safeguarding their locations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, wireless power enables energy uniformity in the battlespace, \u003ca href=\"https://newatlas.com/military/us-army-taps-raytheon-replace-fuel-lines-beam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eallowing\u003c/a\u003e ease of capture and delivery of energy to sensor systems without the need for concentrated fuel depots that could be vulnerable.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"43:T594,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Wireless power and data can provide enhanced capability in the future manned and unmanned teaming battlespace,\u0026#8221; said\u0026nbsp;Colin Whelan, president of Advanced Technology at Raytheon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This is extremely important in highly contested threat environments where operations are challenged.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-past-works-in-this-direction\"\u003ePast works in this direction\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/darpa-laser-power-transfer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e(DARPA\u003c/a\u003e) had awarded a contract to Raytheon to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wireless-energy-transmission-darpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign and develop\u003c/a\u003e a wireless, airborne relay system to transfer energy in contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project had a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimple\u003c/a\u003e goal: giving US the ability to power anything on the battlefield from anywhere. It was a two-year, $10 million contract which asked the company to create a Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER) system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe POWER system would have used a number of high-altitude unmanned vessels, which would be equipped with laser-based power receiving and transmission facilities.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"44:T1f88,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/04d17e51bc5c6742dc3271715a1d33e1\"},\"headline\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% 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content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"45:T1922,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"46:T651,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"47:T4fa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"48:T7d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"49:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eGene-edited mosquitoes deliver malaria vaccine with 89% success rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In clinical trials, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver malaria vaccine safely. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gene-edited mosquitoes deliver malaria vaccine with 89% success rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In clinical trials, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver malaria vaccine safely. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Representational image of mosquito feeding on a human 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eoUCt8GjbCg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"294\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4a:T147d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eMalaria, a disease that has plagued humanity for centuries, continues to claim millions of lives each year. But scientists may have found a new way to combat this deadly disease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn clinical trials, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver the malaria vaccine safely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis novel vaccination strategy involves using genetically modified mosquitoes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team investigated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e – the parasite responsible for the most severe form of malaria.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explored the possibility of genetically modifying \u003cem\u003eP. falciparum \u003c/em\u003eto function as a vaccine rather than a disease-causing agent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese mosquitoes carry a weakened form of the malaria parasite, designed to trigger a powerful immune response in humans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stops-the-multiplication-of-parasites-in-the-body\"\u003eStops the multiplication of parasites in the body\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese parasites sneak into the liver and then invade red blood cells, causing havoc in the human body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe currently licensed vaccines offer limited protection. These subunit vaccines target specific proteins in the malaria parasite, inducing an immune response. However, the parasite\u0026#8217;s ability to mutate and evade the immune system often limits the long-term efficacy of these vaccines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLive-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e parasites offer a promising alternative vaccination strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen administered as a vaccine, these weakened parasites stimulate a robust immune response against multiple stages of the parasite\u0026#8217;s life cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Currently licensed and approved malaria subunit vaccines provide modest, short-lived protection against malaria. Immunization with live-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e malaria parasites is an alternative vaccination strategy that has potential to improve protection,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How does genetic engineering work?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eoUCt8GjbCg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-provides-89-percent-protection-against-malaria\"\u003eProvides 89 percent protection against malaria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the trial, the volunteers were bitten by mosquitoes carrying a special, modified version of the malaria \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparasite\u003c/a\u003e. The idea is that by exposing people to a controlled dose of the parasite, their immune systems can learn to fight off future infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, the engineered parasites were programmed to undergo developmental arrest shortly after entering the body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vaccine used a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenetically modified\u003c/a\u003e malaria parasite (GA2) designed to stop developing early in the human liver. It ceases development six days after infecting a person, right when it\u0026#8217;s about to multiply in the liver.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants were divided into three groups: one group received the GA2 vaccine, another received an earlier version (GA1), and the control group received bites from uninfected mosquitoes. The primary goal was to assess the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to prevent malaria infection and its safety profile.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter three weeks, both groups were exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes to assess their level of protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore being exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes, both groups showed increased antibody levels. However, the GA1 group had a lower protection rate (13 percent) compared to the group bitten by GA2 parasite at 89 percent. The only reported side effects were minor itching from the mosquito bites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Protective efficacy against subsequent controlled human malaria infection was observed in 8 of 9 participants (89 percent) in the GA2 group, in 1 of 8 participants (13 percent) in the GA1 group, and in 0 of 3 participants in the placebo group,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUp next, the researchers plan to conduct a larger trial. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach could significantly reduce the global burden of malaria, particularly in regions where the disease is most prevalent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial findings were published in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New England Journal of Medicine. \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4b:T44c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team investigated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e – the parasite responsible for the most severe form of malaria.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explored the possibility of genetically modifying \u003cem\u003eP. falciparum \u003c/em\u003eto function as a vaccine rather than a disease-causing agent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese mosquitoes carry a weakened form of the malaria parasite, designed to trigger a powerful immune response in humans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stops-the-multiplication-of-parasites-in-the-body\"\u003eStops the multiplication of parasites in the body\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese parasites sneak into the liver and then invade red blood cells, causing havoc in the human body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe currently licensed vaccines offer limited protection. These subunit vaccines target specific proteins in the malaria parasite, inducing an immune response. However, the parasite\u0026#8217;s ability to mutate and evade the immune system often limits the long-term efficacy of these vaccines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLive-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e parasites offer a promising alternative vaccination strategy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4c:T8aa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen administered as a vaccine, these weakened parasites stimulate a robust immune response against multiple stages of the parasite\u0026#8217;s life cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Currently licensed and approved malaria subunit vaccines provide modest, short-lived protection against malaria. Immunization with live-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e malaria parasites is an alternative vaccination strategy that has potential to improve protection,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How does genetic engineering work?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eoUCt8GjbCg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-provides-89-percent-protection-against-malaria\"\u003eProvides 89 percent protection against malaria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the trial, the volunteers were bitten by mosquitoes carrying a special, modified version of the malaria \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparasite\u003c/a\u003e. The idea is that by exposing people to a controlled dose of the parasite, their immune systems can learn to fight off future infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, the engineered parasites were programmed to undergo developmental arrest shortly after entering the body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vaccine used a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenetically modified\u003c/a\u003e malaria parasite (GA2) designed to stop developing early in the human liver. It ceases development six days after infecting a person, right when it\u0026#8217;s about to multiply in the liver.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4d:T1ba5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eA never-ending bulb sheds light on our disposable tech mindset\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the planned shortening of product lifespans, illustrated by the enduring story of a light bulb that never goes out.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A never-ending bulb sheds light on our disposable tech mindset\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about the planned shortening of product lifespans, illustrated by the enduring story of a light bulb that never goes out.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:07:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png?w=1920\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4e:T327f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eImagine a light bulb that has been burning since 1901. Nestled in a quiet Californian fire station, the Centennial Light challenges today\u0026#8217;s disposable culture, offering a glimpse into a past where products were built to last. This historical anomaly sets the stage for a broader examination of how planned obsolescence has become embedded in the fabric of our consumer electronics industry, from light bulbs to smartphones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we explore the evolution from durable goods to disposable gadgets, we uncover this shift\u0026#8217;s economic and environmental implications and the legislative pushback it\u0026#8217;s now engendering. This narrative takes us from the Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s enduring glow to the heated debates in legislative halls worldwide, advocating for a return to durability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-light-bulb-that-outlasted-a-century\"\u003eThe light bulb that outlasted a century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA remarkable piece of history illuminates a local fire station in the quiet town of Livermore, California. Known as the Centennial Light, this bulb has been burning for over a century, almost without interruption.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts longevity is so extraordinary that it earned a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. Originally a 60-watt bulb, its carbon filament has gradually dimmed to the equivalent of a 4-watt bulb today due to the natural degradation of its material. The bulb is encased in hand-blown glass, a testament to the craftsmanship of the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png\" alt=\"Centennial Bulb \" class=\"wp-image-122539\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCentennial Bulb located in Fire Station 6 in Livermore, CA \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dscn2286b.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s continuous operation, now surpassing a million hours, starkly contrasts with modern light bulbs. Today\u0026#8217;s bulbs predominantly use tungsten filaments, a shift from the carbon filaments of the past. Tungsten, introduced in the early 20th century, has a higher melting point, which allows for brighter and more efficient bulbs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite these advancements, the average modern incandescent bulb does not approach the lifespan of its historic predecessors like the Centennial Light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-phoebus-cartel-and-planned-obsolescence\"\u003eThe Phoebus Cartel and planned obsolescence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe phenomenon of short-lived light bulbs can be traced back to a pivotal meeting in 1924. In Geneva, Switzerland, executives from the world\u0026#8217;s leading light bulb manufacturers, including Philips, Osram, and General Electric (which had taken over Shelby Electric), convened to address a growing threat to their businesses: bulbs that lasted too long.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis meeting marked the formation of the Phoebus Cartel, named after the Greek god of light. The cartel\u0026#8217;s goal was straightforward but impactful: to ensure that light bulbs would not last more than 1,000 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis strategy, known as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplanned obsolescence\u003c/a\u003e, involved deliberately reducing the lifespan of light bulbs to boost continuous sales. The cartel established standards that artificially limited the durability of bulbs across the global market. Engineers who once sought to extend the lifespan of bulbs were now tasked with finding ways to shorten it, using thinner filaments and altering the bulb design to ensure compliance with the 1,000-hour lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png\" alt=\"Bulb Factory \" class=\"wp-image-122540\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003ePhoto: Siemens Corporate Archives\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact of the Phoebus Cartel\u0026#8217;s policies was profound. By limiting bulb life, they increased the frequency of purchases and set a precedent for manufacturing and business practices prioritizing profit over product longevity and consumer value.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the cartel dissolved in the 1930s due to external pressures and the advent of World War II, its legacy of planned obsolescence has persisted, influencing various industries and shaping consumer products to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar strategies can be seen in manufacturing appliances with less durable materials, automobiles with inaccessible parts, and batteries designed to degrade over time. Software companies exacerbate this trend by discontinuing support for older versions, forcing costly upgrades. Together, these practices underscore a widespread economic strategy that shapes consumer behavior and impacts environmental sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-leds-changed-the-spectrum-of-lighting\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow LEDs Changed the Spectrum of Lighting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revolution of light-emitting diode (LED) technology marks a significant milestone in the history of lighting. Since their invention in 1907, LEDs initially provided low power and were available only in red. However, by the 1990s, technological advancements introduced high-efficiency, multi-color LEDs that began to surpass incandescent bulbs in efficiency, transforming the lighting industry.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis evolution enabled LEDs to emit a wide spectrum of colors and achieve higher luminosity with significantly less energy consumption. The legislative landscape also played a crucial role in the widespread adoption of LED technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn Europe, stringent regulations phased out less efficient halogen and incandescent bulbs, with bans fully enforced by September 1, 2018, for halogen and earlier for incandescent bulbs on September 1, 2011. These regulations accelerated the shift toward more sustainable lighting solutions, paving the way for LED technology to dominate the market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, LED technology is celebrated for its exceptional efficiency and longevity. Modern LED bulbs can provide up to 50,000 hours of light and boast high Color Rendering Index (CRI) values, typically around CRI98, which indicates superior light quality that closely mimics natural sunlight. These attributes have made LEDs the preferred choice not only for residential and commercial use but also for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenvironmental conservation\u003c/a\u003e efforts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png\" alt=\"LED lights \" class=\"wp-image-122541\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eBright LED screens in outdoor Advertising \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawpixel.com/image/6111493\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRawpixel \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite these advancements and the legal frameworks supporting them, the specter of planned obsolescence still looms over the LED industry. Unfortunately, some LED light bulbs are designed to be intentionally short-lived to encourage consumers to buy new ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis practice mirrors broader trends across various industries, including controversial strategies like Apple\u0026#8217;s battery management, which involved throttling the performance of older iPhones to prompt users to upgrade. These are just some examples of the ongoing challenge of balancing technological innovation with sustainable consumer practices in an industry where the potential for technological durability is often compromised to stimulate continuous consumer spending.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eThe legal battle for longer-lasting products\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe push for sustainability and consumer empowerment is crystallizing through global Right to Repair legislation, which affects a broad spectrum of industries, from consumer electronics to medical devices. Notable legislation includes New York\u0026#8217;s 2022 Digital Fair Repair Act and Colorado\u0026#8217;s 2023 Consumer Right To Repair Agricultural Equipment Act, forcing industries to reconsider their design and repair policies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png\" alt=\"Apple's Planned obsolesce \" class=\"wp-image-122542\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eDead 4th Gen iPod \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/swanksalot/842379407\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSeth Anderson/Flickr\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCompanies like Apple\u003c/a\u003e have become infamous for their planned obsolescence strategies, often necessitating complete device replacements for issues as minor as a cracked screen. Similarly, manufacturers of gaming consoles, such as Sony and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/microsoft-has-finally-agreed-to-comply-with-the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMicrosoft\u003c/a\u003e, design their systems to discourage user repairs, requiring costly services only they can provide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis movement extends beyond electronics, with implications for critical medical devices like pacemakers and insulin pumps, where repair restrictions can impact costs and patient outcomes. By mandating manufacturers to provide repair documentation and parts, legislation in places like the UK, France, and India aims to curb these restrictive practices, ensuring that products are both maintainable and sustainable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe choice stands clear and consequential for both policymakers and the public: maintain the status quo of quick obsolescence or push for a marketplace enriched with durable and repairable products. Such a decision will steer market practices and significantly influence our environmental strategies. The Right to Repair acts are crucial, challenging us to rethink technological practices and prioritize environmental integrity over short-term gains.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4f:T441,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we explore the evolution from durable goods to disposable gadgets, we uncover this shift\u0026#8217;s economic and environmental implications and the legislative pushback it\u0026#8217;s now engendering. This narrative takes us from the Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s enduring glow to the heated debates in legislative halls worldwide, advocating for a return to durability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-light-bulb-that-outlasted-a-century\"\u003eThe light bulb that outlasted a century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA remarkable piece of history illuminates a local fire station in the quiet town of Livermore, California. Known as the Centennial Light, this bulb has been burning for over a century, almost without interruption.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts longevity is so extraordinary that it earned a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. Originally a 60-watt bulb, its carbon filament has gradually dimmed to the equivalent of a 4-watt bulb today due to the natural degradation of its material. The bulb is encased in hand-blown glass, a testament to the craftsmanship of the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"50:T84c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png\" alt=\"Centennial Bulb \" class=\"wp-image-122539\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCentennial Bulb located in Fire Station 6 in Livermore, CA \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dscn2286b.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s continuous operation, now surpassing a million hours, starkly contrasts with modern light bulbs. Today\u0026#8217;s bulbs predominantly use tungsten filaments, a shift from the carbon filaments of the past. Tungsten, introduced in the early 20th century, has a higher melting point, which allows for brighter and more efficient bulbs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite these advancements, the average modern incandescent bulb does not approach the lifespan of its historic predecessors like the Centennial Light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-phoebus-cartel-and-planned-obsolescence\"\u003eThe Phoebus Cartel and planned obsolescence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe phenomenon of short-lived light bulbs can be traced back to a pivotal meeting in 1924. In Geneva, Switzerland, executives from the world\u0026#8217;s leading light bulb manufacturers, including Philips, Osram, and General Electric (which had taken over Shelby Electric), convened to address a growing threat to their businesses: bulbs that lasted too long.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"51:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis meeting marked the formation of the Phoebus Cartel, named after the Greek god of light. The cartel\u0026#8217;s goal was straightforward but impactful: to ensure that light bulbs would not last more than 1,000 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis strategy, known as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplanned obsolescence\u003c/a\u003e, involved deliberately reducing the lifespan of light bulbs to boost continuous sales. The cartel established standards that artificially limited the durability of bulbs across the global market. Engineers who once sought to extend the lifespan of bulbs were now tasked with finding ways to shorten it, using thinner filaments and altering the bulb design to ensure compliance with the 1,000-hour lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png\" alt=\"Bulb Factory \" class=\"wp-image-122540\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003ePhoto: Siemens Corporate Archives\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact of the Phoebus Cartel\u0026#8217;s policies was profound. By limiting bulb life, they increased the frequency of purchases and set a precedent for manufacturing and business practices prioritizing profit over product longevity and consumer value.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"52:T4c9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the cartel dissolved in the 1930s due to external pressures and the advent of World War II, its legacy of planned obsolescence has persisted, influencing various industries and shaping consumer products to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar strategies can be seen in manufacturing appliances with less durable materials, automobiles with inaccessible parts, and batteries designed to degrade over time. Software companies exacerbate this trend by discontinuing support for older versions, forcing costly upgrades. Together, these practices underscore a widespread economic strategy that shapes consumer behavior and impacts environmental sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-leds-changed-the-spectrum-of-lighting\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow LEDs Changed the Spectrum of Lighting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revolution of light-emitting diode (LED) technology marks a significant milestone in the history of lighting. Since their invention in 1907, LEDs initially provided low power and were available only in red. However, by the 1990s, technological advancements introduced high-efficiency, multi-color LEDs that began to surpass incandescent bulbs in efficiency, transforming the lighting industry.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"53:T489,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis evolution enabled LEDs to emit a wide spectrum of colors and achieve higher luminosity with significantly less energy consumption. The legislative landscape also played a crucial role in the widespread adoption of LED technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn Europe, stringent regulations phased out less efficient halogen and incandescent bulbs, with bans fully enforced by September 1, 2018, for halogen and earlier for incandescent bulbs on September 1, 2011. These regulations accelerated the shift toward more sustainable lighting solutions, paving the way for LED technology to dominate the market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, LED technology is celebrated for its exceptional efficiency and longevity. Modern LED bulbs can provide up to 50,000 hours of light and boast high Color Rendering Index (CRI) values, typically around CRI98, which indicates superior light quality that closely mimics natural sunlight. These attributes have made LEDs the preferred choice not only for residential and commercial use but also for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenvironmental conservation\u003c/a\u003e efforts.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"54:T90d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png\" alt=\"LED lights \" class=\"wp-image-122541\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eBright LED screens in outdoor Advertising \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawpixel.com/image/6111493\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRawpixel \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite these advancements and the legal frameworks supporting them, the specter of planned obsolescence still looms over the LED industry. Unfortunately, some LED light bulbs are designed to be intentionally short-lived to encourage consumers to buy new ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis practice mirrors broader trends across various industries, including controversial strategies like Apple\u0026#8217;s battery management, which involved throttling the performance of older iPhones to prompt users to upgrade. These are just some examples of the ongoing challenge of balancing technological innovation with sustainable consumer practices in an industry where the potential for technological durability is often compromised to stimulate continuous consumer spending.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eThe legal battle for longer-lasting products\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe push for sustainability and consumer empowerment is crystallizing through global Right to Repair legislation, which affects a broad spectrum of industries, from consumer electronics to medical devices. Notable legislation includes New York\u0026#8217;s 2022 Digital Fair Repair Act and Colorado\u0026#8217;s 2023 Consumer Right To Repair Agricultural Equipment Act, forcing industries to reconsider their design and repair policies.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"55:Ta1c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png\" alt=\"Apple's Planned obsolesce \" class=\"wp-image-122542\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eDead 4th Gen iPod \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/swanksalot/842379407\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSeth Anderson/Flickr\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCompanies like Apple\u003c/a\u003e have become infamous for their planned obsolescence strategies, often necessitating complete device replacements for issues as minor as a cracked screen. Similarly, manufacturers of gaming consoles, such as Sony and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/microsoft-has-finally-agreed-to-comply-with-the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMicrosoft\u003c/a\u003e, design their systems to discourage user repairs, requiring costly services only they can provide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis movement extends beyond electronics, with implications for critical medical devices like pacemakers and insulin pumps, where repair restrictions can impact costs and patient outcomes. By mandating manufacturers to provide repair documentation and parts, legislation in places like the UK, France, and India aims to curb these restrictive practices, ensuring that products are both maintainable and sustainable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe choice stands clear and consequential for both policymakers and the public: maintain the status quo of quick obsolescence or push for a marketplace enriched with durable and repairable products. Such a decision will steer market practices and significantly influence our environmental strategies. The Right to Repair acts are crucial, challenging us to rethink technological practices and prioritize environmental integrity over short-term gains.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"56:T1de9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNeanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:25:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/fsfsdf.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1160\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"557\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 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60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"57:T1980,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor centuries, Neanderthals were often portrayed as primitive, brutish beings. But a new discovery has challenged this long-held stereotype.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA Neanderthal glue-making structure has been uncovered at Vanguard Cave in Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eArchaeologists found a specialized hearth or “burning structure,” which they believe was used to create a prehistoric superglue: birch tar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery provides evidence of their advanced fire-using techniques, suggesting Neanderthals were more intelligent than previously thought.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"58:T7d2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"59:T6f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5a:T88c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5b:T1cee,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e1,000-year-old secret of rare Blue Quran\u0026#039;s gold leaf finally revealed\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The Blue Quran, which dates back to 800–900 CE, originally comprised of 600 pages. Today, only about 100 are known to survive.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1,000-year-old secret of rare Blue Quran\u0026#039;s gold leaf finally revealed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Blue Quran, which dates back to 800–900 CE, originally comprised of 600 pages. Today, only about 100 are known to survive.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T09:55:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T09:55:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T135606.618.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d01f73e14a43a65d3eba0c492e584aef\"},\"headline\":\"Hidden secret text found beneath gold leaf on 1,000-year-old ancient Blue Quran\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-21T09:55:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T09:55:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\"},\"wordCount\":534,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T135606.618.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T135606.618.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"blue quran\",\"islam\",\"multispectral imagery\",\"quran\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\",\"name\":\"1,000-year-old secret of rare Blue Quran's gold leaf finally revealed\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T135606.618.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-21T09:55:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T09:55:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Blue Quran, which dates back to 800–900 CE, originally comprised of 600 pages. 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Today, only about 100 are known to survive, scattered across private collections and museums worldwide. The exact origins of the manuscript is debated, with North Africa, Iraq, or Andalusia proposed as possible production sites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhat makes this discovery significant is the method used to uncover it. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/108-year-old-mystery-of-flower-a-wwi-soldier-sent-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMultispectral imaging\u003c/a\u003e, a cutting-edge technology, allowed researchers to detect text and images that are invisible to the naked eye. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe analysis revealed that the intricate gold patterns were not purely decorative but served a functional purpose—to conceal a mistake by the calligrapher.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe error, possibly a duplicated verse, was masked rather than corrected on a new page. Given the high cost of indigo-dyed sheepskin, starting afresh would have been impractical. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method of correcting errors provides a rare glimpse into the decision-making processes of early manuscript producers, a topic seldom explored in Islamic art history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-challenging-script\"\u003eA challenging script\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMai Al Mansouri, Associate Curator at ZNM, explained the broader impact of these findings: “Zayed National Museum’s groundbreaking research on the Blue Qur’an sheds new light on the origins and production of this important manuscript. It underlines the museum’s role in the cultural and academic life of the UAE and beyond.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShe emphasized that the discoveries illustrate the manuscript’s importance not only as a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/1750-year-old-lost-section-bible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereligious text\u003c/a\u003e but also as an artistic and historical artifact, reflecting the interconnectedness of Islamic civilizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Blue Quran’s Kufic script, one of the oldest styles of Arabic calligraphy, further underscores its historical significance. Characterized by angular, geometric shapes, Kufic lacks the dots and diacritical marks that aid modern readers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite its aesthetic beauty, the script’s complexity makes it challenging to interpret today. The museum’s research into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/8-oldest-engineering-technology-books-part1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emanuscript\u003c/a\u003e contributes to a deeper understanding of early Islamic art and the dissemination of knowledge across cultures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFive pages are set \u003ca href=\"https://www.zayednationalmuseum.ae/en/about/news-and-press/news-and-press-listing-page/the-blue-quran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eto be displayed\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/text-under-gold-leaf-important-ancient-book-revealed-1000-years-1989035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eZayed National Museum’s\u003c/a\u003e \u003cem\u003eThrough Our Connections\u003c/em\u003e gallery, which highlights the UAE’s role as a center of cultural exchange. The \u003cem\u003eThrough Our Connections\u003c/em\u003e gallery will explore themes such as the spread of Islam, advancements in materials and technologies, and the development of the Arabic language.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5d:T501,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The advanced technology used to shed new light on this page of the manuscript is helping to provide additional perspectives on the production of this rare copy of the Quran.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-technology-meets-art-for-revealing-blue-quran-s-secret\"\u003eTechnology meets art for revealing Blue Quran\u0026#8217;s secret\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing advanced multispectral imaging, the team revealed verses from \u003cem\u003eSurah al-Nisa’\u003c/em\u003e that had been obscured for centuries, offering new insights into Islamic manuscript production and the artistry of early calligraphers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Blue Quran, which dates back to 800–900 CE, originally comprised 600 pages. Today, only about 100 are known to survive, scattered across private collections and museums worldwide. The exact origins of the manuscript is debated, with North Africa, Iraq, or Andalusia proposed as possible production sites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhat makes this discovery significant is the method used to uncover it. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/108-year-old-mystery-of-flower-a-wwi-soldier-sent-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMultispectral imaging\u003c/a\u003e, a cutting-edge technology, allowed researchers to detect text and images that are invisible to the naked eye. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5e:T527,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe analysis revealed that the intricate gold patterns were not purely decorative but served a functional purpose—to conceal a mistake by the calligrapher.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe error, possibly a duplicated verse, was masked rather than corrected on a new page. Given the high cost of indigo-dyed sheepskin, starting afresh would have been impractical. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method of correcting errors provides a rare glimpse into the decision-making processes of early manuscript producers, a topic seldom explored in Islamic art history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-challenging-script\"\u003eA challenging script\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMai Al Mansouri, Associate Curator at ZNM, explained the broader impact of these findings: “Zayed National Museum’s groundbreaking research on the Blue Qur’an sheds new light on the origins and production of this important manuscript. It underlines the museum’s role in the cultural and academic life of the UAE and beyond.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShe emphasized that the discoveries illustrate the manuscript’s importance not only as a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/1750-year-old-lost-section-bible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereligious text\u003c/a\u003e but also as an artistic and historical artifact, reflecting the interconnectedness of Islamic civilizations.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5f:T554,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Blue Quran’s Kufic script, one of the oldest styles of Arabic calligraphy, further underscores its historical significance. Characterized by angular, geometric shapes, Kufic lacks the dots and diacritical marks that aid modern readers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite its aesthetic beauty, the script’s complexity makes it challenging to interpret today. The museum’s research into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/8-oldest-engineering-technology-books-part1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emanuscript\u003c/a\u003e contributes to a deeper understanding of early Islamic art and the dissemination of knowledge across cultures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFive pages are set \u003ca href=\"https://www.zayednationalmuseum.ae/en/about/news-and-press/news-and-press-listing-page/the-blue-quran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eto be displayed\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/text-under-gold-leaf-important-ancient-book-revealed-1000-years-1989035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eZayed National Museum’s\u003c/a\u003e \u003cem\u003eThrough Our Connections\u003c/em\u003e gallery, which highlights the UAE’s role as a center of cultural exchange. The \u003cem\u003eThrough Our Connections\u003c/em\u003e gallery will explore themes such as the spread of Islam, advancements in materials and technologies, and the development of the Arabic language.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"60:T1b80,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eHow playing Counter-Strike helped me adapt to losing an eye\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mastering Counter-Strike\u0026#039;s virtual spaces unexpectedly sharpened my real-world spatial awareness with one eye.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/life-skills-eye-counter-strike\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How playing Counter-Strike helped me adapt to losing an eye\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mastering Counter-Strike\u0026#039;s virtual spaces unexpectedly sharpened my real-world spatial awareness with one eye.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/life-skills-eye-counter-strike\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-20T19:23:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-20T19:34:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_350446.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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A year and a half later, I found an unlikely ally in the first-person shooter game Counter-Strike.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCan a fast-paced first-person shooter reflect the real-world challenges of adapting to monocular vision? Surprisingly, to some extent, yes. In Counter-Strike, players must constantly scan their surroundings for threats and make split-second decisions based on limited information. Similarly, living with one eye demands heightened attentiveness, rapid reactions, and sharp spatial awareness to navigate a reduced field of vision effectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough I’m a casual player with fewer than 1,000 in-game hours, Counter-Strike proved instrumental in helping me adapt. The game’s dynamic environment forced me to refine my spatial awareness and rely more on intuition and auditory cues—skills essential for managing life with monocular vision.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut before diving deeper into these parallels, let\u0026#8217;s look at some challenges associated with monocular vision:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepth perception:\u003c/strong\u003e Losing an eye significantly affects the ability to perceive depth and distance, making tasks like judging distances or curved trajectories more difficult.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eField of vision:\u003c/strong\u003e Monocular vision reduces peripheral vision from 180 to about 120 degrees, impacting spatial awareness and requiring more head movements to compensate.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHand-eye coordination:\u003c/strong\u003e Reduced depth perception can interfere with precision tasks, from sports to everyday activities like grasping objects.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBalance and navigation:\u003c/strong\u003e Navigating spaces, especially unfamiliar or complex settings, can be tricky due to the lack of depth cues, which can impact balance and orientation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-adapting-game-tactics-to-monocular-vision\"\u003eAdapting game tactics to monocular vision\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-reflex-time-nbsp\"\u003eReflex time\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.802606/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehuman brain can adapt to rely on limited sensory input\u003c/a\u003e. Proficient Counter-Strike players often react in under half a second—sometimes as quickly as a tenth of a second. This rapid processing of auditory and visual cues mirrors the adjustments required in real life for those with monocular vision. For instance, when something enters your blind side unexpectedly, there’s little time to respond. Enhanced reflexes developed through gaming become invaluable in these moments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spatial-awareness-nbsp\"\u003eSpatial awareness\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCounter-players memorize every map\u0026#8217;s corner, window, tunnel, and stairway. This knowledge allows actions to be guided largely by intuition. Similarly, living with monocular vision has heightened my spatial awareness in real-world surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining auditory cues, intuitive thinking, and limited visual input, like noticing changes in shadows, I\u0026#8217;ve become more confident in navigating my environment. Thanks to a heightened sense of spatial positioning, I can even grab items on my blind side without directly looking at them.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-anticipation-and-timing-nbsp\"\u003eAnticipation and timing\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQuick reflexes alone aren’t enough to excel in Counter-Strike. Players also need to anticipate movements, predict strategies, and time their actions to avoid detection. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn daily life, anticipating movements and trajectories compensates for a reduced field of view. For example, crossing a road with monocular vision involves carefully gauging the distance and speed of oncoming cars from both sides, much like anticipating an enemy\u0026#8217;s movements in a game.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-peeking-corners-nbsp\"\u003ePeeking corners\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePeeking is a tactical movement in Counter-Strike where players try to get a quick view before entering a new area (usually without fully revealing their position to potential threats). This is particularly useful in driving. Understanding upcoming turns or crossings is crucial, and an individual with monocular vision can focus ahead or on one side at a time. Peeking helps gather necessary information with limited exposure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-additional-tips-on-living-with-monocular-vision\"\u003eAdditional tips on living with monocular vision\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdapting to monocular vision comes with a learning curve. I\u0026#8217;ve experienced occasional challenges like unexpectedly bumping into objects or misjudging distances, especially on uneven surfaces like stairs and slopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith time, I\u0026#8217;ve learned that the frequency of such mishaps will likely decrease. Those around you will adapt to this change, and you\u0026#8217;ll learn to depend more on other cues within your surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile prosthetics, cosmetic procedures, and specialized optics can address physical changes, what matters most is developing a confident mindset as you embrace this new chapter of your life.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"62:T849,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough I’m a casual player with fewer than 1,000 in-game hours, Counter-Strike proved instrumental in helping me adapt. The game’s dynamic environment forced me to refine my spatial awareness and rely more on intuition and auditory cues—skills essential for managing life with monocular vision.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut before diving deeper into these parallels, let\u0026#8217;s look at some challenges associated with monocular vision:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepth perception:\u003c/strong\u003e Losing an eye significantly affects the ability to perceive depth and distance, making tasks like judging distances or curved trajectories more difficult.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eField of vision:\u003c/strong\u003e Monocular vision reduces peripheral vision from 180 to about 120 degrees, impacting spatial awareness and requiring more head movements to compensate.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHand-eye coordination:\u003c/strong\u003e Reduced depth perception can interfere with precision tasks, from sports to everyday activities like grasping objects.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBalance and navigation:\u003c/strong\u003e Navigating spaces, especially unfamiliar or complex settings, can be tricky due to the lack of depth cues, which can impact balance and orientation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-adapting-game-tactics-to-monocular-vision\"\u003eAdapting game tactics to monocular vision\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-reflex-time-nbsp\"\u003eReflex time\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.802606/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehuman brain can adapt to rely on limited sensory input\u003c/a\u003e. Proficient Counter-Strike players often react in under half a second—sometimes as quickly as a tenth of a second. This rapid processing of auditory and visual cues mirrors the adjustments required in real life for those with monocular vision. For instance, when something enters your blind side unexpectedly, there’s little time to respond. Enhanced reflexes developed through gaming become invaluable in these moments.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"63:T4e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spatial-awareness-nbsp\"\u003eSpatial awareness\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCounter-players memorize every map\u0026#8217;s corner, window, tunnel, and stairway. This knowledge allows actions to be guided largely by intuition. Similarly, living with monocular vision has heightened my spatial awareness in real-world surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining auditory cues, intuitive thinking, and limited visual input, like noticing changes in shadows, I\u0026#8217;ve become more confident in navigating my environment. Thanks to a heightened sense of spatial positioning, I can even grab items on my blind side without directly looking at them.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-anticipation-and-timing-nbsp\"\u003eAnticipation and timing\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQuick reflexes alone aren’t enough to excel in Counter-Strike. Players also need to anticipate movements, predict strategies, and time their actions to avoid detection. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn daily life, anticipating movements and trajectories compensates for a reduced field of view. For example, crossing a road with monocular vision involves carefully gauging the distance and speed of oncoming cars from both sides, much like anticipating an enemy\u0026#8217;s movements in a game.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"64:T45a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-peeking-corners-nbsp\"\u003ePeeking corners\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePeeking is a tactical movement in Counter-Strike where players try to get a quick view before entering a new area (usually without fully revealing their position to potential threats). This is particularly useful in driving. Understanding upcoming turns or crossings is crucial, and an individual with monocular vision can focus ahead or on one side at a time. Peeking helps gather necessary information with limited exposure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-additional-tips-on-living-with-monocular-vision\"\u003eAdditional tips on living with monocular vision\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdapting to monocular vision comes with a learning curve. I\u0026#8217;ve experienced occasional challenges like unexpectedly bumping into objects or misjudging distances, especially on uneven surfaces like stairs and slopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith time, I\u0026#8217;ve learned that the frequency of such mishaps will likely decrease. Those around you will adapt to this change, and you\u0026#8217;ll learn to depend more on other cues within your surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"65:T1edb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNeanderthal children collected ancient fossils like modern humans\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"This evidence of “earlier collectors” was found in the Prado Vargas Cave in northern Spain. Researchers claimed that Neanderthals, like humans, may have found joy in collecting objects.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neanderthal children collected ancient fossils like modern humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This evidence of “earlier collectors” was found in the Prado Vargas Cave in northern Spain. Researchers claimed that Neanderthals, like humans, may have found joy in collecting objects.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-20T17:08:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-20T17:10:11+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-9.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Neanderthals were avid collectors, suggests 40,000-year-old fossils from Spain\u0026#8217;s cave\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-20T17:08:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-20T17:10:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\"},\"wordCount\":500,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-9.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of early humans.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-9.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"fossil\",\"Neanderthals\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\",\"name\":\"Neanderthal children collected ancient fossils like modern humans\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-9.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-20T17:08:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-20T17:10:11+00:00\",\"description\":\"This evidence of “earlier collectors” was found in the Prado Vargas Cave in northern Spain. 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thus, their presence in the cave could be attributed to collecting activities,” the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1261\" height=\"1294\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?w=1052\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121803\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp 1261w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=292,300 292w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=768,788 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=1052,1080 1052w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1261px) 100vw, 1261px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMarine fossils were found in the cave. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/49\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-likely-collected-by-children\"\u003eLikely collected by children\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier evidence has widely indicated that Neanderthals used objects to make things, sometimes modifying them for personal adornment or practical use like hammers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, most of the sites have yielded only one or two such objects, but this cave stands out with a significant collection of 15 marine fossils.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese fossils appear to be “neither modified nor used as personal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eornaments.\u003c/a\u003e” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhy did Neanderthals collect these fossils? It\u0026#8217;s a puzzling question that scientists are still trying to answer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study proposes a range of reasons, from simple decoration to economic motives, or even a collection of children.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These fossils can be understood as evidence of an artistic interest or an attraction or curiosity for the forms of nature,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“They might have been collected by children. The collection of objects is characteristic of childhood, and remains of Neanderthal children were found in Prado Vargas,” it added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Unveiling Our Past: Early Humans in Northern Europe\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/E9xO3R-Bfr0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advanced-cognitive-abilities\"\u003eAdvanced cognitive abilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile collecting may seem simple, it actually reflects complex cognitive abilities. The true extent of Neanderthal intelligence remains a mystery, but emerging evidence points to a sophisticated mind.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe archaeological record is continually expanding, suggesting Neanderthal engaged in hunting practices, and demonstrated linguistic abilities, cognitive capacities, and symbolic behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors note that Neanderthals created art, provided care for the elderly and disabled, and may have engaged in religious practices, such as the worship of a \u0026#8220;bear cult.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the fossil assemblage dates to a period between 39,800 and 54,600 years ago, preceding the arrival of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ranis-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-coexisted\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHomo sapiens\u003c/a\u003e in this location.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery suggests that Neanderthals may have had a deep appreciation for the natural world. It showcases that our ancestors were capable of sophisticated thought and behavior long before our species arrived.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the study, the authors concluded by drawing a parallel between Neanderthal and human behavior. They suggest that just as we study and collect Neanderthal fossils, future civilizations might do the same to us.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This seems to become an infinite spiral through which, at some point, we will be part of what we collect,” they wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/49\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"67:T8c2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeanderthals, like humans, may have found joy in collecting objects. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The fossils, with one exception, show no evidence of having been used as tools; thus, their presence in the cave could be attributed to collecting activities,” the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1261\" height=\"1294\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?w=1052\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121803\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp 1261w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=292,300 292w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=768,788 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=1052,1080 1052w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1261px) 100vw, 1261px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMarine fossils were found in the cave. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/49\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-likely-collected-by-children\"\u003eLikely collected by children\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier evidence has widely indicated that Neanderthals used objects to make things, sometimes modifying them for personal adornment or practical use like hammers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, most of the sites have yielded only one or two such objects, but this cave stands out with a significant collection of 15 marine fossils.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese fossils appear to be “neither modified nor used as personal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eornaments.\u003c/a\u003e” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhy did Neanderthals collect these fossils? It\u0026#8217;s a puzzling question that scientists are still trying to answer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study proposes a range of reasons, from simple decoration to economic motives, or even a collection of children.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"68:T65f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These fossils can be understood as evidence of an artistic interest or an attraction or curiosity for the forms of nature,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“They might have been collected by children. The collection of objects is characteristic of childhood, and remains of Neanderthal children were found in Prado Vargas,” it added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Unveiling Our Past: Early Humans in Northern Europe\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/E9xO3R-Bfr0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advanced-cognitive-abilities\"\u003eAdvanced cognitive abilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile collecting may seem simple, it actually reflects complex cognitive abilities. The true extent of Neanderthal intelligence remains a mystery, but emerging evidence points to a sophisticated mind.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe archaeological record is continually expanding, suggesting Neanderthal engaged in hunting practices, and demonstrated linguistic abilities, cognitive capacities, and symbolic behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors note that Neanderthals created art, provided care for the elderly and disabled, and may have engaged in religious practices, such as the worship of a \u0026#8220;bear cult.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"69:T433,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the fossil assemblage dates to a period between 39,800 and 54,600 years ago, preceding the arrival of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ranis-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-coexisted\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHomo sapiens\u003c/a\u003e in this location.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery suggests that Neanderthals may have had a deep appreciation for the natural world. It showcases that our ancestors were capable of sophisticated thought and behavior long before our species arrived.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the study, the authors concluded by drawing a parallel between Neanderthal and human behavior. They suggest that just as we study and collect Neanderthal fossils, future civilizations might do the same to us.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This seems to become an infinite spiral through which, at some point, we will be part of what we collect,” they wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/49\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6a:T1c16,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS eyes new nuclear deterrence to counter Russia, China threats\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The department\u0026#039;s report states that US needs integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support nuclear deterrence mission.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US eyes new nuclear deterrence to counter Russia, China threats\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The department\u0026#039;s report states that US needs integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support nuclear deterrence mission.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T09:33:23+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:15:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-94-1.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/6941f82106e837617793aa38635c4fe3\"},\"headline\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio 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Johnson, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Policy (N-CWMD).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Department of Defense (DOD) is examining these changes in the security environment and the resulting steps that might have to be taken in view of China\u0026#8217;s and Russia\u0026#8217;s enhanced capabilities. Furthermore, the possible lack of a nuclear arms control agreement after February 2025 might warrant an even more focused approach.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson made these comments while speaking on a panel at the Center for Strategic and International Studies Project on Nuclear Issues event in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe further stated that the US nuclear modernization program of record might be insufficient going forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-changes-proposed-by-new-report-on-us-nuclear-deterrence\"\u003eChanges proposed by new report on US nuclear deterrence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson stated that the DOD, in partnership with the National Nuclear Security Administration, has taken some steps to field capabilities to enhance the country’s nuclear deterrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these measures is the B61-13 gravity bomb, delivered by aircraft. Further, it is also ensuring the enhanced readiness of nuclear armed and powered Ohio-class submarines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration would produce the B61-13, which is a modern variant of the B61.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe department submitted a report to Congress on November 15 that enlisted the country’s nuclear employment strategy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3975117/dod-adjusts-nuclear-deterrence-strategy-as-nuclear-peer-adversaries-escalate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eas revealed\u003c/a\u003e by Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 491 report also accounts for the new challenges that the US faces because of the growth, modernization, and increasing diversity of potential adversaries\u0026#8217; arsenals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the report\u0026#8217;s key highlights is that the US plans to deter multiple adversaries simultaneously. It also states that the US requires the integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support the nuclear deterrence mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report also asks for the US to focus on escalation management planning for responding to limited nuclear attacks or high-consequence, non-nuclear strategic attacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also calls for the US to enable deeper consultation, coordination, and combined planning with allies and partners to strengthen extended deterrence commitments. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGrant Schneider, vice deputy director for strategic stability at the Joint Staff, who also spoke, said that another part of the report is the significant intellectual and analytical work required to identify the range of scenarios and strategic circumstances that the U.S. might face alongside its allies going into the 2030s.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To be prepared for the 2030s, we have to modernize our nuclear forces, the nuclear command and control, and the associated infrastructure that will allow us to be flexible and adjust over time as new challenges arise, whether that\u0026#8217;s new threats or potential changes or delays in our modernization,\u0026#8221; Schneider said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-growing-threats-to-the-us-from-adversaries\"\u003eGrowing threats to the US from adversaries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) launched its Yearbook, which stated that China is expanding its nuclear arsenal faster than any other country on the globe.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SIPRI Yearbook 2024 also stated that Russia is on top of the military stockpile list with 4,380 nukes. The number is not\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3266808/china-expanding-nuclear-arsenal-faster-any-other-country-report-says-still-lags-behind-us-and-russia?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=homepage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einclusive\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;of the retired warheads which the countries are in the process of dismantling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereport revealed\u003c/a\u003e that China’s arsenal increased from 410 warheads in January 2023 to 500 in January 2024, and it is expected to keep growing. It is an approximate 20% rise in a single year, which is massive.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also mentioned that the Asian giant might be shifting its policies regarding nukes as it has likely also started\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/demonstration-nuclear-explosion-warning-russia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeploying a few warheads\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;on missiles during peacetime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, North Korea – an ally of China and Russia – has assembled around 50 warheads, as per the SIPRI Yearbook. It added that the country has enough ‘fissile material to reach a total of up to 90 warheads.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecent use\u003c/a\u003e of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) by Russia to hit Ukraine for the first time has also raised eyebrows globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s claimed to be the first military use of ICBM, which can carry nuclear warheads, in an active war.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRussia had also \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecently changed\u003c/a\u003e its doctrine to lower the threshold for nuclear weapons use. With this, Russia can now use high-potential weapons in instances when a non-nuclear state supported by nuclear power attacks its territory.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6c:T543,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson made these comments while speaking on a panel at the Center for Strategic and International Studies Project on Nuclear Issues event in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe further stated that the US nuclear modernization program of record might be insufficient going forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-changes-proposed-by-new-report-on-us-nuclear-deterrence\"\u003eChanges proposed by new report on US nuclear deterrence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson stated that the DOD, in partnership with the National Nuclear Security Administration, has taken some steps to field capabilities to enhance the country’s nuclear deterrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these measures is the B61-13 gravity bomb, delivered by aircraft. Further, it is also ensuring the enhanced readiness of nuclear armed and powered Ohio-class submarines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration would produce the B61-13, which is a modern variant of the B61.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe department submitted a report to Congress on November 15 that enlisted the country’s nuclear employment strategy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3975117/dod-adjusts-nuclear-deterrence-strategy-as-nuclear-peer-adversaries-escalate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eas revealed\u003c/a\u003e by Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6d:T477,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 491 report also accounts for the new challenges that the US faces because of the growth, modernization, and increasing diversity of potential adversaries\u0026#8217; arsenals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the report\u0026#8217;s key highlights is that the US plans to deter multiple adversaries simultaneously. It also states that the US requires the integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support the nuclear deterrence mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report also asks for the US to focus on escalation management planning for responding to limited nuclear attacks or high-consequence, non-nuclear strategic attacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also calls for the US to enable deeper consultation, coordination, and combined planning with allies and partners to strengthen extended deterrence commitments. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGrant Schneider, vice deputy director for strategic stability at the Joint Staff, who also spoke, said that another part of the report is the significant intellectual and analytical work required to identify the range of scenarios and strategic circumstances that the U.S. might face alongside its allies going into the 2030s.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6e:T606,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To be prepared for the 2030s, we have to modernize our nuclear forces, the nuclear command and control, and the associated infrastructure that will allow us to be flexible and adjust over time as new challenges arise, whether that\u0026#8217;s new threats or potential changes or delays in our modernization,\u0026#8221; Schneider said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-growing-threats-to-the-us-from-adversaries\"\u003eGrowing threats to the US from adversaries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) launched its Yearbook, which stated that China is expanding its nuclear arsenal faster than any other country on the globe.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SIPRI Yearbook 2024 also stated that Russia is on top of the military stockpile list with 4,380 nukes. The number is not\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3266808/china-expanding-nuclear-arsenal-faster-any-other-country-report-says-still-lags-behind-us-and-russia?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=homepage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einclusive\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;of the retired warheads which the countries are in the process of dismantling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereport revealed\u003c/a\u003e that China’s arsenal increased from 410 warheads in January 2023 to 500 in January 2024, and it is expected to keep growing. It is an approximate 20% rise in a single year, which is massive.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6f:T53a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also mentioned that the Asian giant might be shifting its policies regarding nukes as it has likely also started\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/demonstration-nuclear-explosion-warning-russia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeploying a few warheads\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;on missiles during peacetime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, North Korea – an ally of China and Russia – has assembled around 50 warheads, as per the SIPRI Yearbook. It added that the country has enough ‘fissile material to reach a total of up to 90 warheads.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecent use\u003c/a\u003e of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) by Russia to hit Ukraine for the first time has also raised eyebrows globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s claimed to be the first military use of ICBM, which can carry nuclear warheads, in an active war.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRussia had also \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecently changed\u003c/a\u003e its doctrine to lower the threshold for nuclear weapons use. With this, Russia can now use high-potential weapons in instances when a non-nuclear state supported by nuclear power attacks its territory.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"70:T1dd9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eAstronauts to 3D-print electronic in space with breakthrough nanoink\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The 3D printer employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astronauts to 3D-print electronic in space with breakthrough nanoink\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The 3D printer employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T08:21:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T08:21:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-12.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"2024-11-22T08:21:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"71:T124f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. This means astronauts will be able to print electronic components right in space.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crucial development comes from the US-based Iowa State University.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team conducted experiments on NASA\u0026#8217;s microgravity flights to test their technology. These flights simulate zero gravity by flying in parabolic arcs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they were able to print electronic parts under zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This proof-of-concept microgravity experiment proves the unique capability of (electrohydrodynamic) printing under zero-gravity conditions and opens a new venue for future on-demand manufacturing in space,\u0026#8221; the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-electrohydrodynamic-printing-technique\"\u003eElectrohydrodynamic printing technique\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nanoink is made up of silver nanoparticles synthesized with biobased polymers called 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose. This polymer is a conventional thickening agent. Moreover, it is said to be cost-effective, biocompatible, and stable, which makes it suitable for high-resolution printing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis special ink can be heated to activate its electrical properties. Once activated, it can print intricate electronic circuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printer\u003c/a\u003e employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing. This technique shoots tiny droplets of ink using an electric field, achieving resolutions in the millionth-meter range. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the use of electric fields helps overcome the limitations of gravity, enabling precise 3D printing in the absence of gravity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo evaluate the technique, the team fastened the printer to the floor of a NASA plane for a microgravity flight experiment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plane would soar to 32,000 feet, then dive back down to 24,000 feet over Florida. This created brief periods of “pure zero gravity.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It was exciting and new,\u0026#8221; said Shan Jiang, the lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut printing in zero gravity is no easy feat. Even a few seconds of weightlessness can make it tough to keep things steady, unlike the stable conditions on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, on the first flight, the printer wasn\u0026#8217;t tied down tightly enough to handle the plane\u0026#8217;s shaking and jolting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These are very intense experiments that require a lot of teamwork and preparation,\u0026#8221; Jiang said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is 3D printing a revolution or just a trend?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NRUbaAPbmVA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3d-structures-printed-in-microgravity\"\u003e3D structures printed in microgravity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith more test flights, the team was able to fine-tune their technique and achieve better results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey highlight that the parabolic flight test successfully demonstrated the capability of EHD printing to create precise 3D structures even in the challenging conditions of microgravity using nanoinks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This success is really just the beginning,\u0026#8221; Jiang said. \u0026#8220;As humanity ventures deeper into space, the need for on-demand manufacturing of electronics in orbit is no longer science fiction; it is a necessity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers may next focus on developing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printing technology\u003c/a\u003e for other electronic components, such as semiconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2024-11-nanoink-technologies-enable-electronics-production.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release,\u003c/a\u003e the Iowa State University Research Foundation has obtained a patent for the new nanoink technology, which is now open for licensing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c07592\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"72:T42b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\"\u003eHow 3D printing could make space settlement viable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\"\u003eA giant 90-ton 3D printer is building Rocket Lab’s Neutron rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/esa-achieves-worlds-1st-metal-3d-printing\"\u003eESA achieves historic world’s 1st metal 3D printing on space station\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"73:T4fe,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they were able to print electronic parts under zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This proof-of-concept microgravity experiment proves the unique capability of (electrohydrodynamic) printing under zero-gravity conditions and opens a new venue for future on-demand manufacturing in space,\u0026#8221; the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-electrohydrodynamic-printing-technique\"\u003eElectrohydrodynamic printing technique\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nanoink is made up of silver nanoparticles synthesized with biobased polymers called 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose. This polymer is a conventional thickening agent. Moreover, it is said to be cost-effective, biocompatible, and stable, which makes it suitable for high-resolution printing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis special ink can be heated to activate its electrical properties. Once activated, it can print intricate electronic circuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printer\u003c/a\u003e employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing. This technique shoots tiny droplets of ink using an electric field, achieving resolutions in the millionth-meter range. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"74:T7cf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is 3D printing a revolution or just a trend?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NRUbaAPbmVA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3d-structures-printed-in-microgravity\"\u003e3D structures printed in microgravity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith more test flights, the team was able to fine-tune their technique and achieve better results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey highlight that the parabolic flight test successfully demonstrated the capability of EHD printing to create precise 3D structures even in the challenging conditions of microgravity using nanoinks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This success is really just the beginning,\u0026#8221; Jiang said. \u0026#8220;As humanity ventures deeper into space, the need for on-demand manufacturing of electronics in orbit is no longer science fiction; it is a necessity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers may next focus on developing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printing technology\u003c/a\u003e for other electronic components, such as semiconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2024-11-nanoink-technologies-enable-electronics-production.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release,\u003c/a\u003e the Iowa State University Research Foundation has obtained a patent for the new nanoink technology, which is now open for licensing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c07592\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"75:T42b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\"\u003eHow 3D printing could make space settlement viable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\"\u003eA giant 90-ton 3D printer is building Rocket Lab’s Neutron rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/esa-achieves-worlds-1st-metal-3d-printing\"\u003eESA achieves historic world’s 1st metal 3D printing on space station\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"76:T1dcc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eCosmic collision: 2 million mph speeding galaxy causes violent clash\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The collision was triggered by a rogue galaxy, hurtling through space at an incredibly high speed of 2 million mph. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cosmic collision: 2 million mph speeding galaxy causes violent clash\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The collision was triggered by a rogue galaxy, hurtling through space at an incredibly high speed of 2 million mph. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T00:01:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T14:06:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_60f92a.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" 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clash\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_60f92a.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T00:01:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T14:06:29+00:00\",\"description\":\"The collision was triggered by a rogue galaxy, hurtling through space at an incredibly high speed of 2 million mph. \",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_60f92a.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_60f92a.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Stephan's 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"77:T153c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA violent clash of galaxies has been caught in unprecedented detail by one of the most powerful telescopes based in La Palma, Spain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe collision was triggered by a rogue galaxy, hurtling through space at an incredibly high speed of 2 million miles per hour (3.2 million kilometers per hour). \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis cosmic speedster collided with Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, a group of five galaxies located 290 million light-years away.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact triggered a colossal shockwave, ripping through the galactic gas and dust. It\u0026#8217;s like a sonic boom from a jet fighter, but on a cosmic scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;As the shock moves through pockets of cold gas, it travels at hypersonic speeds – several times the speed of sound in the intergalactic medium of Stephan’s Quintet* – powerful enough to rip apart electrons from atoms, leaving behind a glowing trail of charged gas,\u0026#8221; said Marina Arnaudova, the lead researcher from the University of Hertfordshire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"669\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122012\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg 700w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg?resize=300,287 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWEAVE data overlaid on a JWST\u0026#8217;s image of Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, with green contours showing radio data from the LOFAR telescope. The orange and blue colors follow the brightness of Hydrogen-alpha obtained with the WEAVE LIFU, which trace where the intergalactic gas is ionized.\u0026nbsp;University of Hertfordshire\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-interaction-between-2-galaxies\"\u003eInteraction between 2 galaxies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet is a visual spectacle of galactic interaction.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Since its discovery in 1877, Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet has captivated astronomers, because it represents a galactic crossroad where past collisions between galaxies have left behind a complex field of debris,” Arnaudova added. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis galaxy group has been further energized by the recent passage of NGC 7318b, a galaxy that has barreled through the group at an astonishing speed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis violent cosmic event was captured by the William Herschel Telescope\u0026#8217;s Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer (WEAVE) in Spain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-shoackwave-s-influence\"\u003eShoackwave\u0026#8217;s influence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs NGC 7318b hurtles through the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unexpectedly-calm-galaxy-cluster-discovered-84-billion-light-years-away-from-earth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecluster\u003c/a\u003e, it triggers a shockwave that ripples through the intergalactic medium. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has made a surprising discovery about the shockwave created by the colliding galaxies. They found that the shockwave behaves differently depending on the environment it encounters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the shockwave moves through cold gas, it acts like a powerful force, stripping electrons from atoms and creating a trail of ionized gas. However, as it enters regions of hot gas, the shockwave loses much of its energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of causing significant disruption, the weak shock compresses the hot gas, resulting in radio waves that are picked up by radio telescopes like the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR),” said Soumyadeep Das, a PhD student at the University of Hertfordshire in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mysterious Sound Coming from Space\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/J9wnUDfv0No?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dual nature of the shockwave was previously unknown to astronomers. This revelation was made possible by the combined power of WEAVE, LOFAR, the Very Large Array (VLA), and the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jwst-unveils-galaxy-merger-13b-years-ago-defies-early-universe-models\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The details of the shock and the unfolding collision that we see in Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, these observations provide a remarkable perspective on what may be happening in the formation and evolution of the barely resolved faint galaxies that we see at the limits of our current capabilities,\u0026#8221; said Gavin Dalton, WEAVE principal investigator at RAL Space and the University of Oxford.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA team of 60+ astronomers discovered this spectacular event of NGC 7318b smashing into Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings have been published in the journal \u003cem\u003eMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"78:T7dd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact triggered a colossal shockwave, ripping through the galactic gas and dust. It\u0026#8217;s like a sonic boom from a jet fighter, but on a cosmic scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;As the shock moves through pockets of cold gas, it travels at hypersonic speeds – several times the speed of sound in the intergalactic medium of Stephan’s Quintet* – powerful enough to rip apart electrons from atoms, leaving behind a glowing trail of charged gas,\u0026#8221; said Marina Arnaudova, the lead researcher from the University of Hertfordshire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"669\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122012\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg 700w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg?resize=300,287 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWEAVE data overlaid on a JWST\u0026#8217;s image of Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, with green contours showing radio data from the LOFAR telescope. The orange and blue colors follow the brightness of Hydrogen-alpha obtained with the WEAVE LIFU, which trace where the intergalactic gas is ionized.\u0026nbsp;University of Hertfordshire\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-interaction-between-2-galaxies\"\u003eInteraction between 2 galaxies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet is a visual spectacle of galactic interaction.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Since its discovery in 1877, Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet has captivated astronomers, because it represents a galactic crossroad where past collisions between galaxies have left behind a complex field of debris,” Arnaudova added. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis galaxy group has been further energized by the recent passage of NGC 7318b, a galaxy that has barreled through the group at an astonishing speed.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"79:T56c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis violent cosmic event was captured by the William Herschel Telescope\u0026#8217;s Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer (WEAVE) in Spain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-shoackwave-s-influence\"\u003eShoackwave\u0026#8217;s influence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs NGC 7318b hurtles through the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unexpectedly-calm-galaxy-cluster-discovered-84-billion-light-years-away-from-earth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecluster\u003c/a\u003e, it triggers a shockwave that ripples through the intergalactic medium. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has made a surprising discovery about the shockwave created by the colliding galaxies. They found that the shockwave behaves differently depending on the environment it encounters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the shockwave moves through cold gas, it acts like a powerful force, stripping electrons from atoms and creating a trail of ionized gas. However, as it enters regions of hot gas, the shockwave loses much of its energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of causing significant disruption, the weak shock compresses the hot gas, resulting in radio waves that are picked up by radio telescopes like the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR),” said Soumyadeep Das, a PhD student at the University of Hertfordshire in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7a:T62e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mysterious Sound Coming from Space\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/J9wnUDfv0No?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dual nature of the shockwave was previously unknown to astronomers. This revelation was made possible by the combined power of WEAVE, LOFAR, the Very Large Array (VLA), and the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jwst-unveils-galaxy-merger-13b-years-ago-defies-early-universe-models\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The details of the shock and the unfolding collision that we see in Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, these observations provide a remarkable perspective on what may be happening in the formation and evolution of the barely resolved faint galaxies that we see at the limits of our current capabilities,\u0026#8221; said Gavin Dalton, WEAVE principal investigator at RAL Space and the University of Oxford.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA team of 60+ astronomers discovered this spectacular event of NGC 7318b smashing into Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings have been published in the journal \u003cem\u003eMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7b:T1db9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew study uses acoustic modeling to revive Parasaurolophus calls\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers from New York University have created a unique pipe-like instrument inspired by the dinosaur\u0026#039;s distinctive crest.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-instrument-to-model-dinosaur-sounds\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New study uses acoustic modeling to revive Parasaurolophus calls\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers from New York University have created a unique pipe-like instrument inspired by the dinosaur\u0026#039;s distinctive crest.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-instrument-to-model-dinosaur-sounds\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T21:30:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T13:38:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-11.jpg\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CE5tZKFVlto\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"296\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-21T21:30:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7c:T15ec,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eMillion years ago, dinosaurs roamed the Earth, leaving behind a legacy etched in rocks. Fossils have given us a glimpse into their physical form, different species, traits, and even lifestyle.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile we can imagine their appearance, the sounds they made remain a mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, a new study suggests that these fossilized remains may also give insights into these giant creatures’ sounds.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers from New York University have created a unique pipe-like instrument inspired by the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s distinctive crest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“I’ve been fascinated by giant animals ever since I was a kid. I’d spend hours reading books, watching movies, and imagining what it would be like if dinosaurs were still around today,” said Hongjun Lin, who conducted this study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It wasn’t until college that I realized the sounds we hear in movies and shows—while mesmerizing—are completely fabricated using sounds from modern animals. That’s when I decided to dive deeper and explore what dinosaurs might have actually sounded like,” Lin added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122093\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg 700w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg?resize=300,225 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA 3D-printed model of the Parasaurolophus skulls at a 1:3 scale to the original fossil. The white model is the nasal passages inside the skull. Hongjun Lin\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decoding-dinosaur-s-crest\"\u003eDecoding dinosaur\u0026#8217;s crest\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team particularly focused on parasaurolophus, a duck-billed \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/pterosaur-fossil-unlocks-secrets-of-flying-reptiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edinosaur\u003c/a\u003e that lived 70 million to 80 million years ago. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese giant dinosaurs reached a height of about 16 feet and weighed an estimated 6,000 to 8,000 pounds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, parasaurolophus had a unique crest, which is a bony structure that protrudes from the skull of certain dinosaur species.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor a long time, the curved, bony crest baffled paleontologists. Some hypothesized that it might have functioned as a super sniffer or an underwater breathing apparatus.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent years, studies of parasaurolophus \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/84-million-year-old-armored-dinosaur-species-with-killer-tail-club-revealed-in-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efossils\u003c/a\u003e have showcased that crest was most likely used for sound production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe hollow tubes within these structures suggest that they acted as resonating chambers, amplifying the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s vocalizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo understand the acoustic properties of the Parasaurolophus crest, Lin created a physical model that mirrored this structure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis model consisted of tubes arranged in a way that resembled the hollow chambers within the actual crest. Moreover, the model was delicately suspended by cotton threads. A small speaker was used to introduce sound vibrations, and a microphone was positioned to capture the resulting frequencies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do dolphins use echolocation to navigate the deep seas?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CE5tZKFVlto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-crest-served-like-a-resonator\"\u003eCrest served like a resonator \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLin and his team studied how sound waves traveled through these tubes to gain insights into the sound production and amplification capabilities of the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s crest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1064589?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the researchers have named this physical model as \u0026#8220;Linophone.\u0026#8221; They highlight that it isn\u0026#8217;t an exact replica of the Parasaurolophus crest. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“I wanted something simplified and accessible for both modeling and building a physical device,” Lin explained. “My ultimate goal is to re-create the sound of the Parasaurolophus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, early findings indicate that the Parasaurolophus used crest for \u0026#8220;resonance,\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;like modern bird crests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis physical model will serve as a tangible representation of a mathematical model, allowing researchers to visualize and test the acoustic principles at play. The mathematical model is still under development, which will simulate real-world systems using equations and algorithms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn the fun side, the researcher aims to create a user-friendly plug-in that will allow people to experiment with dinosaur sounds and incorporate them into their music compositions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe device was presented at the virtual 187th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7d:T741,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“I’ve been fascinated by giant animals ever since I was a kid. I’d spend hours reading books, watching movies, and imagining what it would be like if dinosaurs were still around today,” said Hongjun Lin, who conducted this study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It wasn’t until college that I realized the sounds we hear in movies and shows—while mesmerizing—are completely fabricated using sounds from modern animals. That’s when I decided to dive deeper and explore what dinosaurs might have actually sounded like,” Lin added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122093\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg 700w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg?resize=300,225 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA 3D-printed model of the Parasaurolophus skulls at a 1:3 scale to the original fossil. The white model is the nasal passages inside the skull. Hongjun Lin\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decoding-dinosaur-s-crest\"\u003eDecoding dinosaur\u0026#8217;s crest\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team particularly focused on parasaurolophus, a duck-billed \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/pterosaur-fossil-unlocks-secrets-of-flying-reptiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edinosaur\u003c/a\u003e that lived 70 million to 80 million years ago. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese giant dinosaurs reached a height of about 16 feet and weighed an estimated 6,000 to 8,000 pounds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, parasaurolophus had a unique crest, which is a bony structure that protrudes from the skull of certain dinosaur species.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7e:T43b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor a long time, the curved, bony crest baffled paleontologists. Some hypothesized that it might have functioned as a super sniffer or an underwater breathing apparatus.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent years, studies of parasaurolophus \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/84-million-year-old-armored-dinosaur-species-with-killer-tail-club-revealed-in-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efossils\u003c/a\u003e have showcased that crest was most likely used for sound production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe hollow tubes within these structures suggest that they acted as resonating chambers, amplifying the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s vocalizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo understand the acoustic properties of the Parasaurolophus crest, Lin created a physical model that mirrored this structure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis model consisted of tubes arranged in a way that resembled the hollow chambers within the actual crest. Moreover, the model was delicately suspended by cotton threads. A small speaker was used to introduce sound vibrations, and a microphone was positioned to capture the resulting frequencies.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7f:T711,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do dolphins use echolocation to navigate the deep seas?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CE5tZKFVlto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-crest-served-like-a-resonator\"\u003eCrest served like a resonator \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLin and his team studied how sound waves traveled through these tubes to gain insights into the sound production and amplification capabilities of the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s crest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1064589?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the researchers have named this physical model as \u0026#8220;Linophone.\u0026#8221; They highlight that it isn\u0026#8217;t an exact replica of the Parasaurolophus crest. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“I wanted something simplified and accessible for both modeling and building a physical device,” Lin explained. “My ultimate goal is to re-create the sound of the Parasaurolophus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, early findings indicate that the Parasaurolophus used crest for \u0026#8220;resonance,\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;like modern bird crests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis physical model will serve as a tangible representation of a mathematical model, allowing researchers to visualize and test the acoustic principles at play. The mathematical model is still under development, which will simulate real-world systems using equations and algorithms.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"80:T1a23,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eThe Future of Construction: Mushroom Buildings\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The future of construction is rotten. The process which has long been known to decompose and recycle organic matter may soon provide the building blocks\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/future-construction-mushroom-buildings\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Future of Construction: Mushroom Buildings\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The future of construction is rotten. 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The process which has long been known to decompose and recycle organic matter may soon provide the building blocks to construct our future. The technology is owed to nonother than the mushroom- or more accurately, fungus.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eFungi have dominated the world\u0026#8217;s undergrowth for \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/07/14/50-million-year-old-mushroom-found-trapped-in-amber/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emillions of years\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. Their unique ability to decompose organic matter enables them to thrive from the life of other organisms. Over decades of research and development, scientists are narrowing in on technologies which will allow engineers to use fungus as the main building material in future constructions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMolding the future with fungus\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe visible portion of a fungus, or a mushroom, only represents a minute fraction of the fungus. Beneath the surface, mushrooms can quickly grow out thread-like roots called \u003cstrong\u003emycelium\u003c/strong\u003e. In recent years, scientists have developed ways to make use of the web-like formations to create many materials, including bricks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBuilding a 40-Foot tower made of living mushroom bricks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn architectural team known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelivingnewyork.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Living\u003c/a\u003e designed the world\u0026#8217;s first mushroom brick tower back in 2014. The team constructed the bricks entirely from fibrous fungi which grew from agricultural waste. The idea came from \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecovativedesign.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEcovative\u003c/a\u003e, a research company who develops alternate uses for mushroom mycelium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Living collaborated with structural engineers to design a building made entirely from mushrooms. The team spent weeks investigating which techniques worked best to support the most weight.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team decided to take on the task of building a structurally sound 40-foot tower. The tower consisted of 10,000 bricks and reached 40-feet into the air.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive lazy\" src=\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/images/import/2017/01/mushroom-tower-1.jpg\" /\u003e[Edited Image Source: \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G2tQ_0AiqY\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Creators Project/Youtube\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bricks used to construct the building were grown in three separate molds. To make the bricks, researchers filled molds with organic matter infused with spores. It only takes five days for the mushrooms to transform the organic matter into a viable brick, making the process cheap and efficient. Although it is not the same as conventional building materials, the early stages of mycelium material engineering are proving hopeful.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow does it compare?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs with most emerging technologies, to become a viable alternative to conventional building materials, the mushroom brick will still require extensive research and development. In essence, the brick is not as strong and does not have a long useful lifespan in comparison to most building materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the most commonly used construction materials is concrete. Concrete on its own maintains a compressive strength of concrete \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwi7g6SZuuDRAhUk0IMKHaP-BqwQFggcMAE\u0026#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrmca.org%2Faboutconcrete%2Fcips%2F35p.pdf\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNFEJkwr3xiiOAQ_5LoGaQl40f_5kw\u0026#038;sig2=MLVYZ2HyG9pjS3WsJ_bEVA\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4000 psi\u003c/strong\u003e \u003c/a\u003e(\u003cstrong\u003e28 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e), up to\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwi7g6SZuuDRAhUk0IMKHaP-BqwQFggcMAE\u0026#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrmca.org%2Faboutconcrete%2Fcips%2F35p.pdf\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNFEJkwr3xiiOAQ_5LoGaQl40f_5kw\u0026#038;sig2=MLVYZ2HyG9pjS3WsJ_bEVA\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e10,000 psi\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003e70 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e) depending on the requirements. Comparatively, the mushroom bricks can only withstand\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2014/07/a-40-foot-tower-made-of-fungus-and-corn-stalks/#slide-5\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e 30 Psi\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/a\u003e or \u003cstrong\u003e0.2 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThough it cannot support nearly as much weight, it is also much lighter than concrete. The mushroom brick weighs an astonishing\u003cstrong\u003e 43 kg/m³\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e. \u003c/strong\u003eOn the other hand, concrete weighs about \u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;sqi=2\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwjPoaS-u-DRAhUF5oMKHReAC4YQFghgMBA\u0026#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineeringtoolbox.com%2Fconcrete-properties-d_1223.html\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNG9KoKtV084zOam6VrY3SDNSHe4yw\u0026#038;sig2=8tx2PZ5xV-Zw8Gt9UosvxQ\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2,400 kg/m³\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e. Despite the brick\u0026#8217;s lack of compressive strength, its low density makes it useful in areas which do not need as much support. The bricks can be used as a both an insulator and as support for interior walls within a building.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bricks are also surprisingly durable. Before being used to construct the 40-foot tower, engineers put the bricks under accelerated aging- a process which stimulates three years of weathering (wind, rain, and humidity) over a three-week period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“After three years of accelerated aging the material performed exactly the same as it did originally,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2014/07/a-40-foot-tower-made-of-fungus-and-corn-stalks/#slide-7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esays David Benjamin, \u003c/a\u003eon of the coordinators at The Living.\u003cbr /\u003e \u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/IHhVpXCpTA0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOther Applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications mushrooms reach far beyond that of just building applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge companies are looking to mycelium as an alternative to conventional packaging materials. The mushroom packaging is naturally fire resistant and it can be easily molded to any shape. With a curing time of only five days, the mushroom manufacturing process is proving to be a viable option for other cooperations to consider.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, the largest driving force behind mushroom materials is its environmental friendliness. It is carbon neutral and if exposed to living organisms, it can be decomposed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe technology behind mushroom engineering is still in its infancy. As more carbon taxes are inevitably imposed with the increasing threat of global warming, humanity will be required to take alternative measures to save money now, and save the planet later.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/interview-architect-david-benjamin-on-building-the-worlds-first-mushroom-tower-at-ps1/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eInhabitat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSEE ALSO: \u003ca href=\"http://interestingengineering.com/ikea-moves-mushrooms-replace-current-packaging/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eIKEA Moves to Mushrooms to Replace Current Packaging\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"82:T536,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003ch2\u003eMolding the future with fungus\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe visible portion of a fungus, or a mushroom, only represents a minute fraction of the fungus. Beneath the surface, mushrooms can quickly grow out thread-like roots called \u003cstrong\u003emycelium\u003c/strong\u003e. In recent years, scientists have developed ways to make use of the web-like formations to create many materials, including bricks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBuilding a 40-Foot tower made of living mushroom bricks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn architectural team known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelivingnewyork.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Living\u003c/a\u003e designed the world\u0026#8217;s first mushroom brick tower back in 2014. The team constructed the bricks entirely from fibrous fungi which grew from agricultural waste. The idea came from \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecovativedesign.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEcovative\u003c/a\u003e, a research company who develops alternate uses for mushroom mycelium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Living collaborated with structural engineers to design a building made entirely from mushrooms. The team spent weeks investigating which techniques worked best to support the most weight.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team decided to take on the task of building a structurally sound 40-foot tower. The tower consisted of 10,000 bricks and reached 40-feet into the air.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"83:T98c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive lazy\" src=\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/images/import/2017/01/mushroom-tower-1.jpg\" /\u003e[Edited Image Source: \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G2tQ_0AiqY\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Creators Project/Youtube\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bricks used to construct the building were grown in three separate molds. To make the bricks, researchers filled molds with organic matter infused with spores. It only takes five days for the mushrooms to transform the organic matter into a viable brick, making the process cheap and efficient. Although it is not the same as conventional building materials, the early stages of mycelium material engineering are proving hopeful.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow does it compare?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs with most emerging technologies, to become a viable alternative to conventional building materials, the mushroom brick will still require extensive research and development. In essence, the brick is not as strong and does not have a long useful lifespan in comparison to most building materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the most commonly used construction materials is concrete. Concrete on its own maintains a compressive strength of concrete \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwi7g6SZuuDRAhUk0IMKHaP-BqwQFggcMAE\u0026#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrmca.org%2Faboutconcrete%2Fcips%2F35p.pdf\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNFEJkwr3xiiOAQ_5LoGaQl40f_5kw\u0026#038;sig2=MLVYZ2HyG9pjS3WsJ_bEVA\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4000 psi\u003c/strong\u003e \u003c/a\u003e(\u003cstrong\u003e28 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e), up to\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwi7g6SZuuDRAhUk0IMKHaP-BqwQFggcMAE\u0026#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrmca.org%2Faboutconcrete%2Fcips%2F35p.pdf\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNFEJkwr3xiiOAQ_5LoGaQl40f_5kw\u0026#038;sig2=MLVYZ2HyG9pjS3WsJ_bEVA\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e10,000 psi\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003e70 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e) depending on the requirements. Comparatively, the mushroom bricks can only withstand\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2014/07/a-40-foot-tower-made-of-fungus-and-corn-stalks/#slide-5\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e 30 Psi\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/a\u003e or \u003cstrong\u003e0.2 MPa\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"84:T6b7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThough it cannot support nearly as much weight, it is also much lighter than concrete. The mushroom brick weighs an astonishing\u003cstrong\u003e 43 kg/m³\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e. \u003c/strong\u003eOn the other hand, concrete weighs about \u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t\u0026#038;rct=j\u0026#038;q=\u0026#038;esrc=s\u0026#038;source=web\u0026#038;cd=\u0026#038;cad=rja\u0026#038;uact=8\u0026#038;sqi=2\u0026#038;ved=0ahUKEwjPoaS-u-DRAhUF5oMKHReAC4YQFghgMBA\u0026#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineeringtoolbox.com%2Fconcrete-properties-d_1223.html\u0026#038;usg=AFQjCNG9KoKtV084zOam6VrY3SDNSHe4yw\u0026#038;sig2=8tx2PZ5xV-Zw8Gt9UosvxQ\u0026#038;bvm=bv.145063293,d.amc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2,400 kg/m³\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e. Despite the brick\u0026#8217;s lack of compressive strength, its low density makes it useful in areas which do not need as much support. The bricks can be used as a both an insulator and as support for interior walls within a building.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bricks are also surprisingly durable. Before being used to construct the 40-foot tower, engineers put the bricks under accelerated aging- a process which stimulates three years of weathering (wind, rain, and humidity) over a three-week period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“After three years of accelerated aging the material performed exactly the same as it did originally,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2014/07/a-40-foot-tower-made-of-fungus-and-corn-stalks/#slide-7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esays David Benjamin, \u003c/a\u003eon of the coordinators at The Living.\u003cbr /\u003e \u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/IHhVpXCpTA0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOther Applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications mushrooms reach far beyond that of just building applications.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"85:T4a8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eLarge companies are looking to mycelium as an alternative to conventional packaging materials. The mushroom packaging is naturally fire resistant and it can be easily molded to any shape. With a curing time of only five days, the mushroom manufacturing process is proving to be a viable option for other cooperations to consider.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, the largest driving force behind mushroom materials is its environmental friendliness. It is carbon neutral and if exposed to living organisms, it can be decomposed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe technology behind mushroom engineering is still in its infancy. As more carbon taxes are inevitably imposed with the increasing threat of global warming, humanity will be required to take alternative measures to save money now, and save the planet later.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/interview-architect-david-benjamin-on-building-the-worlds-first-mushroom-tower-at-ps1/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eInhabitat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSEE ALSO: \u003ca href=\"http://interestingengineering.com/ikea-moves-mushrooms-replace-current-packaging/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eIKEA Moves to Mushrooms to Replace Current Packaging\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"86:T187c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWhy Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. 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Now, Mexico\u0026#039;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"565\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"406\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"88:T1680,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical insights.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"89:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8a:T4e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8b:T499,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8c:T44f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8d:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting 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Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8f:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"90:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"91:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"92:T1de9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNeanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:25:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/fsfsdf.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1160\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"557\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 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60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"93:T1980,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor centuries, Neanderthals were often portrayed as primitive, brutish beings. But a new discovery has challenged this long-held stereotype.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA Neanderthal glue-making structure has been uncovered at Vanguard Cave in Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eArchaeologists found a specialized hearth or “burning structure,” which they believe was used to create a prehistoric superglue: birch tar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery provides evidence of their advanced fire-using techniques, suggesting Neanderthals were more intelligent than previously thought.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"94:T7d2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"95:T6f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"96:T88c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"97:T1975,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFrom Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/from-falcon-to-the-deadliest-viper-yet-f-16v\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Watch From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V on Interesting Engineering. 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Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"99:T465,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-16 Fighting Falcon, a cornerstone of modern air power, has cemented its legacy as one of the most versatile and widely used fighter jets in history. Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9a:T2039,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion 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Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9c:T961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9d:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9e:T70c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9f:T1c4c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture plant to suck 500,000 tons of CO2 yearly\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"wordCount\":552,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Artist's rendering of a direct-air-capture facility powered by wind energy. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; 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Dubbed Project Concho, the facility aims to capture 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually beyond 2030 and will generate verified carbon credits of significant value, a press release said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the name suggests, direct air capture (DAC) technology allows for the capture of carbon directly from the air in an attempt to reduce the circulating CO2 in the atmosphere. This can help combat climate change and slow down the planet\u0026#8217;s warming. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a1:T48b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a2:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a3:T8b3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a4:T1dae,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS plans to beam wireless power to battlefields, no battery needed\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Under the contract, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-raytheon-directed-energy-wireless-power-beaming\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US plans to beam wireless power to battlefields, no battery needed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Under the contract, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-raytheon-directed-energy-wireless-power-beaming\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:35:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:35:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-93.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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troops.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move has been carried out with an intention to make logistics simpler for the US troops by removing the need for moving fuel and batteries across the battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe directed energy wireless power system, once developed, would be able to beam energy directly to the units and systems that need it to function.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny army formation is dependent on a large number of food, ammunition, surveillance and strike capabilities. Their mobility is dependent on the supply lines functioning efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith modernization, there is a growing need for power in almost all departments on the battlefield – especially with the increasing role of drones, and other unmanned systems. This leads to a lot of batteries being carried, even by soldiers in their backpacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA battery running out of power on the battlefield \u0026#8211; where recharging is not an option \u0026#8211; can slow down the progress of an individual – and, as a result, the whole formation. Therefore, the directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities can be a game-changer in the long run.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-us-army-s-contract-to-raytheon-for-directed-energy\"\u003eUS Army’s contract to Raytheon for directed energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe work on the directed energy wireless power beaming capability is being conducted as\u0026nbsp;part of a larger effort under the Department of Defense\u0026#8217;s Operational Energy Strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder \u003ca href=\"https://www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2024/11/14/rtxs-raytheon-awarded-u-s-army-contract-for-wireless-power-beaming-technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe contract\u003c/a\u003e, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies to enable a long-range demonstration in line with the requirements of the US Army\u0026#8217;s manned and unmanned systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capability to beam power wirelessly will significantly reduce the need for troops to carry additional fuel and batteries, easing their logistics, increasing their operation time, and safeguarding their locations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, wireless power enables energy uniformity in the battlespace, \u003ca href=\"https://newatlas.com/military/us-army-taps-raytheon-replace-fuel-lines-beam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eallowing\u003c/a\u003e ease of capture and delivery of energy to sensor systems without the need for concentrated fuel depots that could be vulnerable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Wireless power and data can provide enhanced capability in the future manned and unmanned teaming battlespace,\u0026#8221; said\u0026nbsp;Colin Whelan, president of Advanced Technology at Raytheon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This is extremely important in highly contested threat environments where operations are challenged.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-past-works-in-this-direction\"\u003ePast works in this direction\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/darpa-laser-power-transfer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e(DARPA\u003c/a\u003e) had awarded a contract to Raytheon to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wireless-energy-transmission-darpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign and develop\u003c/a\u003e a wireless, airborne relay system to transfer energy in contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project had a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimple\u003c/a\u003e goal: giving US the ability to power anything on the battlefield from anywhere. It was a two-year, $10 million contract which asked the company to create a Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER) system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe POWER system would have used a number of high-altitude unmanned vessels, which would be equipped with laser-based power receiving and transmission facilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt the time, DARPA had predicted that the tech could also be used in civilian situations to provide relief in case of natural disasters and power up devices in remote regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a6:T57e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-us-army-s-contract-to-raytheon-for-directed-energy\"\u003eUS Army’s contract to Raytheon for directed energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe work on the directed energy wireless power beaming capability is being conducted as\u0026nbsp;part of a larger effort under the Department of Defense\u0026#8217;s Operational Energy Strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder \u003ca href=\"https://www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2024/11/14/rtxs-raytheon-awarded-u-s-army-contract-for-wireless-power-beaming-technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe contract\u003c/a\u003e, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies to enable a long-range demonstration in line with the requirements of the US Army\u0026#8217;s manned and unmanned systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capability to beam power wirelessly will significantly reduce the need for troops to carry additional fuel and batteries, easing their logistics, increasing their operation time, and safeguarding their locations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, wireless power enables energy uniformity in the battlespace, \u003ca href=\"https://newatlas.com/military/us-army-taps-raytheon-replace-fuel-lines-beam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eallowing\u003c/a\u003e ease of capture and delivery of energy to sensor systems without the need for concentrated fuel depots that could be vulnerable.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a7:T594,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Wireless power and data can provide enhanced capability in the future manned and unmanned teaming battlespace,\u0026#8221; said\u0026nbsp;Colin Whelan, president of Advanced Technology at Raytheon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This is extremely important in highly contested threat environments where operations are challenged.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-past-works-in-this-direction\"\u003ePast works in this direction\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/darpa-laser-power-transfer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e(DARPA\u003c/a\u003e) had awarded a contract to Raytheon to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wireless-energy-transmission-darpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign and develop\u003c/a\u003e a wireless, airborne relay system to transfer energy in contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project had a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimple\u003c/a\u003e goal: giving US the ability to power anything on the battlefield from anywhere. It was a two-year, $10 million contract which asked the company to create a Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER) system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe POWER system would have used a number of high-altitude unmanned vessels, which would be equipped with laser-based power receiving and transmission facilities.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a8:T1f88,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/04d17e51bc5c6742dc3271715a1d33e1\"},\"headline\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% 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content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a9:T1922,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"aa:T651,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ab:T4fa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ac:T7d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ad:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eGene-edited mosquitoes deliver malaria vaccine with 89% success rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In clinical trials, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver malaria vaccine safely. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gene-edited mosquitoes deliver malaria vaccine with 89% success rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In clinical trials, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver malaria vaccine safely. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Representational image of mosquito feeding on a human 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eoUCt8GjbCg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"294\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ae:T147d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eMalaria, a disease that has plagued humanity for centuries, continues to claim millions of lives each year. But scientists may have found a new way to combat this deadly disease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn clinical trials, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver the malaria vaccine safely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis novel vaccination strategy involves using genetically modified mosquitoes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team investigated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e – the parasite responsible for the most severe form of malaria.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explored the possibility of genetically modifying \u003cem\u003eP. falciparum \u003c/em\u003eto function as a vaccine rather than a disease-causing agent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese mosquitoes carry a weakened form of the malaria parasite, designed to trigger a powerful immune response in humans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stops-the-multiplication-of-parasites-in-the-body\"\u003eStops the multiplication of parasites in the body\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese parasites sneak into the liver and then invade red blood cells, causing havoc in the human body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe currently licensed vaccines offer limited protection. These subunit vaccines target specific proteins in the malaria parasite, inducing an immune response. However, the parasite\u0026#8217;s ability to mutate and evade the immune system often limits the long-term efficacy of these vaccines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLive-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e parasites offer a promising alternative vaccination strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen administered as a vaccine, these weakened parasites stimulate a robust immune response against multiple stages of the parasite\u0026#8217;s life cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Currently licensed and approved malaria subunit vaccines provide modest, short-lived protection against malaria. Immunization with live-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e malaria parasites is an alternative vaccination strategy that has potential to improve protection,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How does genetic engineering work?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eoUCt8GjbCg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-provides-89-percent-protection-against-malaria\"\u003eProvides 89 percent protection against malaria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the trial, the volunteers were bitten by mosquitoes carrying a special, modified version of the malaria \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparasite\u003c/a\u003e. The idea is that by exposing people to a controlled dose of the parasite, their immune systems can learn to fight off future infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, the engineered parasites were programmed to undergo developmental arrest shortly after entering the body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vaccine used a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenetically modified\u003c/a\u003e malaria parasite (GA2) designed to stop developing early in the human liver. It ceases development six days after infecting a person, right when it\u0026#8217;s about to multiply in the liver.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants were divided into three groups: one group received the GA2 vaccine, another received an earlier version (GA1), and the control group received bites from uninfected mosquitoes. The primary goal was to assess the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to prevent malaria infection and its safety profile.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter three weeks, both groups were exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes to assess their level of protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore being exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes, both groups showed increased antibody levels. However, the GA1 group had a lower protection rate (13 percent) compared to the group bitten by GA2 parasite at 89 percent. The only reported side effects were minor itching from the mosquito bites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Protective efficacy against subsequent controlled human malaria infection was observed in 8 of 9 participants (89 percent) in the GA2 group, in 1 of 8 participants (13 percent) in the GA1 group, and in 0 of 3 participants in the placebo group,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUp next, the researchers plan to conduct a larger trial. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach could significantly reduce the global burden of malaria, particularly in regions where the disease is most prevalent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial findings were published in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New England Journal of Medicine. \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"af:T44c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team investigated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e – the parasite responsible for the most severe form of malaria.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explored the possibility of genetically modifying \u003cem\u003eP. falciparum \u003c/em\u003eto function as a vaccine rather than a disease-causing agent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese mosquitoes carry a weakened form of the malaria parasite, designed to trigger a powerful immune response in humans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stops-the-multiplication-of-parasites-in-the-body\"\u003eStops the multiplication of parasites in the body\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese parasites sneak into the liver and then invade red blood cells, causing havoc in the human body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe currently licensed vaccines offer limited protection. These subunit vaccines target specific proteins in the malaria parasite, inducing an immune response. However, the parasite\u0026#8217;s ability to mutate and evade the immune system often limits the long-term efficacy of these vaccines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLive-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e parasites offer a promising alternative vaccination strategy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b0:T8aa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen administered as a vaccine, these weakened parasites stimulate a robust immune response against multiple stages of the parasite\u0026#8217;s life cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Currently licensed and approved malaria subunit vaccines provide modest, short-lived protection against malaria. Immunization with live-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e malaria parasites is an alternative vaccination strategy that has potential to improve protection,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How does genetic engineering work?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eoUCt8GjbCg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-provides-89-percent-protection-against-malaria\"\u003eProvides 89 percent protection against malaria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the trial, the volunteers were bitten by mosquitoes carrying a special, modified version of the malaria \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparasite\u003c/a\u003e. The idea is that by exposing people to a controlled dose of the parasite, their immune systems can learn to fight off future infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, the engineered parasites were programmed to undergo developmental arrest shortly after entering the body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vaccine used a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenetically modified\u003c/a\u003e malaria parasite (GA2) designed to stop developing early in the human liver. It ceases development six days after infecting a person, right when it\u0026#8217;s about to multiply in the liver.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b1:T1ba5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eA never-ending bulb sheds light on our disposable tech mindset\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the planned shortening of product lifespans, illustrated by the enduring story of a light bulb that never goes out.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A never-ending bulb sheds light on our disposable tech mindset\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about the planned shortening of product lifespans, illustrated by the enduring story of a light bulb that never goes out.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:07:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T22:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png?w=1920\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b2:T327f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eImagine a light bulb that has been burning since 1901. Nestled in a quiet Californian fire station, the Centennial Light challenges today\u0026#8217;s disposable culture, offering a glimpse into a past where products were built to last. This historical anomaly sets the stage for a broader examination of how planned obsolescence has become embedded in the fabric of our consumer electronics industry, from light bulbs to smartphones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we explore the evolution from durable goods to disposable gadgets, we uncover this shift\u0026#8217;s economic and environmental implications and the legislative pushback it\u0026#8217;s now engendering. This narrative takes us from the Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s enduring glow to the heated debates in legislative halls worldwide, advocating for a return to durability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-light-bulb-that-outlasted-a-century\"\u003eThe light bulb that outlasted a century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA remarkable piece of history illuminates a local fire station in the quiet town of Livermore, California. Known as the Centennial Light, this bulb has been burning for over a century, almost without interruption.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts longevity is so extraordinary that it earned a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. Originally a 60-watt bulb, its carbon filament has gradually dimmed to the equivalent of a 4-watt bulb today due to the natural degradation of its material. The bulb is encased in hand-blown glass, a testament to the craftsmanship of the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png\" alt=\"Centennial Bulb \" class=\"wp-image-122539\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCentennial Bulb located in Fire Station 6 in Livermore, CA \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dscn2286b.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s continuous operation, now surpassing a million hours, starkly contrasts with modern light bulbs. Today\u0026#8217;s bulbs predominantly use tungsten filaments, a shift from the carbon filaments of the past. Tungsten, introduced in the early 20th century, has a higher melting point, which allows for brighter and more efficient bulbs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite these advancements, the average modern incandescent bulb does not approach the lifespan of its historic predecessors like the Centennial Light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-phoebus-cartel-and-planned-obsolescence\"\u003eThe Phoebus Cartel and planned obsolescence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe phenomenon of short-lived light bulbs can be traced back to a pivotal meeting in 1924. In Geneva, Switzerland, executives from the world\u0026#8217;s leading light bulb manufacturers, including Philips, Osram, and General Electric (which had taken over Shelby Electric), convened to address a growing threat to their businesses: bulbs that lasted too long.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis meeting marked the formation of the Phoebus Cartel, named after the Greek god of light. The cartel\u0026#8217;s goal was straightforward but impactful: to ensure that light bulbs would not last more than 1,000 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis strategy, known as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplanned obsolescence\u003c/a\u003e, involved deliberately reducing the lifespan of light bulbs to boost continuous sales. The cartel established standards that artificially limited the durability of bulbs across the global market. Engineers who once sought to extend the lifespan of bulbs were now tasked with finding ways to shorten it, using thinner filaments and altering the bulb design to ensure compliance with the 1,000-hour lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png\" alt=\"Bulb Factory \" class=\"wp-image-122540\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003ePhoto: Siemens Corporate Archives\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact of the Phoebus Cartel\u0026#8217;s policies was profound. By limiting bulb life, they increased the frequency of purchases and set a precedent for manufacturing and business practices prioritizing profit over product longevity and consumer value.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the cartel dissolved in the 1930s due to external pressures and the advent of World War II, its legacy of planned obsolescence has persisted, influencing various industries and shaping consumer products to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar strategies can be seen in manufacturing appliances with less durable materials, automobiles with inaccessible parts, and batteries designed to degrade over time. Software companies exacerbate this trend by discontinuing support for older versions, forcing costly upgrades. Together, these practices underscore a widespread economic strategy that shapes consumer behavior and impacts environmental sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-leds-changed-the-spectrum-of-lighting\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow LEDs Changed the Spectrum of Lighting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revolution of light-emitting diode (LED) technology marks a significant milestone in the history of lighting. Since their invention in 1907, LEDs initially provided low power and were available only in red. However, by the 1990s, technological advancements introduced high-efficiency, multi-color LEDs that began to surpass incandescent bulbs in efficiency, transforming the lighting industry.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis evolution enabled LEDs to emit a wide spectrum of colors and achieve higher luminosity with significantly less energy consumption. The legislative landscape also played a crucial role in the widespread adoption of LED technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn Europe, stringent regulations phased out less efficient halogen and incandescent bulbs, with bans fully enforced by September 1, 2018, for halogen and earlier for incandescent bulbs on September 1, 2011. These regulations accelerated the shift toward more sustainable lighting solutions, paving the way for LED technology to dominate the market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, LED technology is celebrated for its exceptional efficiency and longevity. Modern LED bulbs can provide up to 50,000 hours of light and boast high Color Rendering Index (CRI) values, typically around CRI98, which indicates superior light quality that closely mimics natural sunlight. These attributes have made LEDs the preferred choice not only for residential and commercial use but also for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenvironmental conservation\u003c/a\u003e efforts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png\" alt=\"LED lights \" class=\"wp-image-122541\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eBright LED screens in outdoor Advertising \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawpixel.com/image/6111493\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRawpixel \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite these advancements and the legal frameworks supporting them, the specter of planned obsolescence still looms over the LED industry. Unfortunately, some LED light bulbs are designed to be intentionally short-lived to encourage consumers to buy new ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis practice mirrors broader trends across various industries, including controversial strategies like Apple\u0026#8217;s battery management, which involved throttling the performance of older iPhones to prompt users to upgrade. These are just some examples of the ongoing challenge of balancing technological innovation with sustainable consumer practices in an industry where the potential for technological durability is often compromised to stimulate continuous consumer spending.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eThe legal battle for longer-lasting products\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe push for sustainability and consumer empowerment is crystallizing through global Right to Repair legislation, which affects a broad spectrum of industries, from consumer electronics to medical devices. Notable legislation includes New York\u0026#8217;s 2022 Digital Fair Repair Act and Colorado\u0026#8217;s 2023 Consumer Right To Repair Agricultural Equipment Act, forcing industries to reconsider their design and repair policies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png\" alt=\"Apple's Planned obsolesce \" class=\"wp-image-122542\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eDead 4th Gen iPod \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/swanksalot/842379407\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSeth Anderson/Flickr\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCompanies like Apple\u003c/a\u003e have become infamous for their planned obsolescence strategies, often necessitating complete device replacements for issues as minor as a cracked screen. Similarly, manufacturers of gaming consoles, such as Sony and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/microsoft-has-finally-agreed-to-comply-with-the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMicrosoft\u003c/a\u003e, design their systems to discourage user repairs, requiring costly services only they can provide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis movement extends beyond electronics, with implications for critical medical devices like pacemakers and insulin pumps, where repair restrictions can impact costs and patient outcomes. By mandating manufacturers to provide repair documentation and parts, legislation in places like the UK, France, and India aims to curb these restrictive practices, ensuring that products are both maintainable and sustainable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe choice stands clear and consequential for both policymakers and the public: maintain the status quo of quick obsolescence or push for a marketplace enriched with durable and repairable products. Such a decision will steer market practices and significantly influence our environmental strategies. The Right to Repair acts are crucial, challenging us to rethink technological practices and prioritize environmental integrity over short-term gains.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b3:T441,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we explore the evolution from durable goods to disposable gadgets, we uncover this shift\u0026#8217;s economic and environmental implications and the legislative pushback it\u0026#8217;s now engendering. This narrative takes us from the Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s enduring glow to the heated debates in legislative halls worldwide, advocating for a return to durability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-light-bulb-that-outlasted-a-century\"\u003eThe light bulb that outlasted a century\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA remarkable piece of history illuminates a local fire station in the quiet town of Livermore, California. Known as the Centennial Light, this bulb has been burning for over a century, almost without interruption.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts longevity is so extraordinary that it earned a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. Originally a 60-watt bulb, its carbon filament has gradually dimmed to the equivalent of a 4-watt bulb today due to the natural degradation of its material. The bulb is encased in hand-blown glass, a testament to the craftsmanship of the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b4:T84c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png\" alt=\"Centennial Bulb \" class=\"wp-image-122539\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCentennial Bulb located in Fire Station 6 in Livermore, CA \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dscn2286b.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Centennial Light\u0026#8217;s continuous operation, now surpassing a million hours, starkly contrasts with modern light bulbs. Today\u0026#8217;s bulbs predominantly use tungsten filaments, a shift from the carbon filaments of the past. Tungsten, introduced in the early 20th century, has a higher melting point, which allows for brighter and more efficient bulbs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite these advancements, the average modern incandescent bulb does not approach the lifespan of its historic predecessors like the Centennial Light.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-phoebus-cartel-and-planned-obsolescence\"\u003eThe Phoebus Cartel and planned obsolescence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe phenomenon of short-lived light bulbs can be traced back to a pivotal meeting in 1924. In Geneva, Switzerland, executives from the world\u0026#8217;s leading light bulb manufacturers, including Philips, Osram, and General Electric (which had taken over Shelby Electric), convened to address a growing threat to their businesses: bulbs that lasted too long.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b5:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis meeting marked the formation of the Phoebus Cartel, named after the Greek god of light. The cartel\u0026#8217;s goal was straightforward but impactful: to ensure that light bulbs would not last more than 1,000 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis strategy, known as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplanned obsolescence\u003c/a\u003e, involved deliberately reducing the lifespan of light bulbs to boost continuous sales. The cartel established standards that artificially limited the durability of bulbs across the global market. Engineers who once sought to extend the lifespan of bulbs were now tasked with finding ways to shorten it, using thinner filaments and altering the bulb design to ensure compliance with the 1,000-hour lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png\" alt=\"Bulb Factory \" class=\"wp-image-122540\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-2.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003ePhoto: Siemens Corporate Archives\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact of the Phoebus Cartel\u0026#8217;s policies was profound. By limiting bulb life, they increased the frequency of purchases and set a precedent for manufacturing and business practices prioritizing profit over product longevity and consumer value.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b6:T4c9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the cartel dissolved in the 1930s due to external pressures and the advent of World War II, its legacy of planned obsolescence has persisted, influencing various industries and shaping consumer products to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar strategies can be seen in manufacturing appliances with less durable materials, automobiles with inaccessible parts, and batteries designed to degrade over time. Software companies exacerbate this trend by discontinuing support for older versions, forcing costly upgrades. Together, these practices underscore a widespread economic strategy that shapes consumer behavior and impacts environmental sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-leds-changed-the-spectrum-of-lighting\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow LEDs Changed the Spectrum of Lighting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revolution of light-emitting diode (LED) technology marks a significant milestone in the history of lighting. Since their invention in 1907, LEDs initially provided low power and were available only in red. However, by the 1990s, technological advancements introduced high-efficiency, multi-color LEDs that began to surpass incandescent bulbs in efficiency, transforming the lighting industry.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b7:T489,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis evolution enabled LEDs to emit a wide spectrum of colors and achieve higher luminosity with significantly less energy consumption. The legislative landscape also played a crucial role in the widespread adoption of LED technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn Europe, stringent regulations phased out less efficient halogen and incandescent bulbs, with bans fully enforced by September 1, 2018, for halogen and earlier for incandescent bulbs on September 1, 2011. These regulations accelerated the shift toward more sustainable lighting solutions, paving the way for LED technology to dominate the market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, LED technology is celebrated for its exceptional efficiency and longevity. Modern LED bulbs can provide up to 50,000 hours of light and boast high Color Rendering Index (CRI) values, typically around CRI98, which indicates superior light quality that closely mimics natural sunlight. These attributes have made LEDs the preferred choice not only for residential and commercial use but also for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenvironmental conservation\u003c/a\u003e efforts.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b8:T90d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png\" alt=\"LED lights \" class=\"wp-image-122541\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-3.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eBright LED screens in outdoor Advertising \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawpixel.com/image/6111493\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRawpixel \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite these advancements and the legal frameworks supporting them, the specter of planned obsolescence still looms over the LED industry. Unfortunately, some LED light bulbs are designed to be intentionally short-lived to encourage consumers to buy new ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis practice mirrors broader trends across various industries, including controversial strategies like Apple\u0026#8217;s battery management, which involved throttling the performance of older iPhones to prompt users to upgrade. These are just some examples of the ongoing challenge of balancing technological innovation with sustainable consumer practices in an industry where the potential for technological durability is often compromised to stimulate continuous consumer spending.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eThe legal battle for longer-lasting products\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe push for sustainability and consumer empowerment is crystallizing through global Right to Repair legislation, which affects a broad spectrum of industries, from consumer electronics to medical devices. Notable legislation includes New York\u0026#8217;s 2022 Digital Fair Repair Act and Colorado\u0026#8217;s 2023 Consumer Right To Repair Agricultural Equipment Act, forcing industries to reconsider their design and repair policies.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b9:Ta1c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png\" alt=\"Apple's Planned obsolesce \" class=\"wp-image-122542\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light-4.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eDead 4th Gen iPod \u0026#8211; \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/swanksalot/842379407\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSeth Anderson/Flickr\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCompanies like Apple\u003c/a\u003e have become infamous for their planned obsolescence strategies, often necessitating complete device replacements for issues as minor as a cracked screen. Similarly, manufacturers of gaming consoles, such as Sony and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/microsoft-has-finally-agreed-to-comply-with-the-right-to-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMicrosoft\u003c/a\u003e, design their systems to discourage user repairs, requiring costly services only they can provide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis movement extends beyond electronics, with implications for critical medical devices like pacemakers and insulin pumps, where repair restrictions can impact costs and patient outcomes. By mandating manufacturers to provide repair documentation and parts, legislation in places like the UK, France, and India aims to curb these restrictive practices, ensuring that products are both maintainable and sustainable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe choice stands clear and consequential for both policymakers and the public: maintain the status quo of quick obsolescence or push for a marketplace enriched with durable and repairable products. Such a decision will steer market practices and significantly influence our environmental strategies. The Right to Repair acts are crucial, challenging us to rethink technological practices and prioritize environmental integrity over short-term gains.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ba:T1de9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNeanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:25:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/fsfsdf.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1160\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"557\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 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60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bb:T1980,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor centuries, Neanderthals were often portrayed as primitive, brutish beings. But a new discovery has challenged this long-held stereotype.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA Neanderthal glue-making structure has been uncovered at Vanguard Cave in Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eArchaeologists found a specialized hearth or “burning structure,” which they believe was used to create a prehistoric superglue: birch tar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery provides evidence of their advanced fire-using techniques, suggesting Neanderthals were more intelligent than previously thought.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bc:T7d2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bd:T6f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"be:T88c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bf:T1cee,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e1,000-year-old secret of rare Blue Quran\u0026#039;s gold leaf finally revealed\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The Blue Quran, which dates back to 800–900 CE, originally comprised of 600 pages. Today, only about 100 are known to survive.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1,000-year-old secret of rare Blue Quran\u0026#039;s gold leaf finally revealed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Blue Quran, which dates back to 800–900 CE, originally comprised of 600 pages. Today, only about 100 are known to survive.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T09:55:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T09:55:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T135606.618.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d01f73e14a43a65d3eba0c492e584aef\"},\"headline\":\"Hidden secret text found beneath gold leaf on 1,000-year-old ancient Blue Quran\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-21T09:55:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T09:55:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\"},\"wordCount\":534,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T135606.618.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T135606.618.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"blue quran\",\"islam\",\"multispectral imagery\",\"quran\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\",\"name\":\"1,000-year-old secret of rare Blue Quran's gold leaf finally revealed\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T135606.618.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-21T09:55:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T09:55:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Blue Quran, which dates back to 800–900 CE, originally comprised of 600 pages. 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Today, only about 100 are known to survive, scattered across private collections and museums worldwide. The exact origins of the manuscript is debated, with North Africa, Iraq, or Andalusia proposed as possible production sites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhat makes this discovery significant is the method used to uncover it. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/108-year-old-mystery-of-flower-a-wwi-soldier-sent-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMultispectral imaging\u003c/a\u003e, a cutting-edge technology, allowed researchers to detect text and images that are invisible to the naked eye. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe analysis revealed that the intricate gold patterns were not purely decorative but served a functional purpose—to conceal a mistake by the calligrapher.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe error, possibly a duplicated verse, was masked rather than corrected on a new page. Given the high cost of indigo-dyed sheepskin, starting afresh would have been impractical. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method of correcting errors provides a rare glimpse into the decision-making processes of early manuscript producers, a topic seldom explored in Islamic art history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-challenging-script\"\u003eA challenging script\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMai Al Mansouri, Associate Curator at ZNM, explained the broader impact of these findings: “Zayed National Museum’s groundbreaking research on the Blue Qur’an sheds new light on the origins and production of this important manuscript. It underlines the museum’s role in the cultural and academic life of the UAE and beyond.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShe emphasized that the discoveries illustrate the manuscript’s importance not only as a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/1750-year-old-lost-section-bible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereligious text\u003c/a\u003e but also as an artistic and historical artifact, reflecting the interconnectedness of Islamic civilizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Blue Quran’s Kufic script, one of the oldest styles of Arabic calligraphy, further underscores its historical significance. Characterized by angular, geometric shapes, Kufic lacks the dots and diacritical marks that aid modern readers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite its aesthetic beauty, the script’s complexity makes it challenging to interpret today. The museum’s research into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/8-oldest-engineering-technology-books-part1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emanuscript\u003c/a\u003e contributes to a deeper understanding of early Islamic art and the dissemination of knowledge across cultures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFive pages are set \u003ca href=\"https://www.zayednationalmuseum.ae/en/about/news-and-press/news-and-press-listing-page/the-blue-quran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eto be displayed\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/text-under-gold-leaf-important-ancient-book-revealed-1000-years-1989035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eZayed National Museum’s\u003c/a\u003e \u003cem\u003eThrough Our Connections\u003c/em\u003e gallery, which highlights the UAE’s role as a center of cultural exchange. The \u003cem\u003eThrough Our Connections\u003c/em\u003e gallery will explore themes such as the spread of Islam, advancements in materials and technologies, and the development of the Arabic language.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c1:T501,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The advanced technology used to shed new light on this page of the manuscript is helping to provide additional perspectives on the production of this rare copy of the Quran.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-technology-meets-art-for-revealing-blue-quran-s-secret\"\u003eTechnology meets art for revealing Blue Quran\u0026#8217;s secret\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing advanced multispectral imaging, the team revealed verses from \u003cem\u003eSurah al-Nisa’\u003c/em\u003e that had been obscured for centuries, offering new insights into Islamic manuscript production and the artistry of early calligraphers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Blue Quran, which dates back to 800–900 CE, originally comprised 600 pages. Today, only about 100 are known to survive, scattered across private collections and museums worldwide. The exact origins of the manuscript is debated, with North Africa, Iraq, or Andalusia proposed as possible production sites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhat makes this discovery significant is the method used to uncover it. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/108-year-old-mystery-of-flower-a-wwi-soldier-sent-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMultispectral imaging\u003c/a\u003e, a cutting-edge technology, allowed researchers to detect text and images that are invisible to the naked eye. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c2:T527,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe analysis revealed that the intricate gold patterns were not purely decorative but served a functional purpose—to conceal a mistake by the calligrapher.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe error, possibly a duplicated verse, was masked rather than corrected on a new page. Given the high cost of indigo-dyed sheepskin, starting afresh would have been impractical. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method of correcting errors provides a rare glimpse into the decision-making processes of early manuscript producers, a topic seldom explored in Islamic art history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-challenging-script\"\u003eA challenging script\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMai Al Mansouri, Associate Curator at ZNM, explained the broader impact of these findings: “Zayed National Museum’s groundbreaking research on the Blue Qur’an sheds new light on the origins and production of this important manuscript. It underlines the museum’s role in the cultural and academic life of the UAE and beyond.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShe emphasized that the discoveries illustrate the manuscript’s importance not only as a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/1750-year-old-lost-section-bible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereligious text\u003c/a\u003e but also as an artistic and historical artifact, reflecting the interconnectedness of Islamic civilizations.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c3:T554,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Blue Quran’s Kufic script, one of the oldest styles of Arabic calligraphy, further underscores its historical significance. Characterized by angular, geometric shapes, Kufic lacks the dots and diacritical marks that aid modern readers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite its aesthetic beauty, the script’s complexity makes it challenging to interpret today. The museum’s research into the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/8-oldest-engineering-technology-books-part1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emanuscript\u003c/a\u003e contributes to a deeper understanding of early Islamic art and the dissemination of knowledge across cultures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFive pages are set \u003ca href=\"https://www.zayednationalmuseum.ae/en/about/news-and-press/news-and-press-listing-page/the-blue-quran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eto be displayed\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/text-under-gold-leaf-important-ancient-book-revealed-1000-years-1989035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eZayed National Museum’s\u003c/a\u003e \u003cem\u003eThrough Our Connections\u003c/em\u003e gallery, which highlights the UAE’s role as a center of cultural exchange. The \u003cem\u003eThrough Our Connections\u003c/em\u003e gallery will explore themes such as the spread of Islam, advancements in materials and technologies, and the development of the Arabic language.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c4:T1b80,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eHow playing Counter-Strike helped me adapt to losing an eye\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mastering Counter-Strike\u0026#039;s virtual spaces unexpectedly sharpened my real-world spatial awareness with one eye.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/life-skills-eye-counter-strike\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How playing Counter-Strike helped me adapt to losing an eye\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mastering Counter-Strike\u0026#039;s virtual spaces unexpectedly sharpened my real-world spatial awareness with one eye.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/life-skills-eye-counter-strike\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-20T19:23:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-20T19:34:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_350446.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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A year and a half later, I found an unlikely ally in the first-person shooter game Counter-Strike.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCan a fast-paced first-person shooter reflect the real-world challenges of adapting to monocular vision? Surprisingly, to some extent, yes. In Counter-Strike, players must constantly scan their surroundings for threats and make split-second decisions based on limited information. Similarly, living with one eye demands heightened attentiveness, rapid reactions, and sharp spatial awareness to navigate a reduced field of vision effectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough I’m a casual player with fewer than 1,000 in-game hours, Counter-Strike proved instrumental in helping me adapt. The game’s dynamic environment forced me to refine my spatial awareness and rely more on intuition and auditory cues—skills essential for managing life with monocular vision.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut before diving deeper into these parallels, let\u0026#8217;s look at some challenges associated with monocular vision:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepth perception:\u003c/strong\u003e Losing an eye significantly affects the ability to perceive depth and distance, making tasks like judging distances or curved trajectories more difficult.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eField of vision:\u003c/strong\u003e Monocular vision reduces peripheral vision from 180 to about 120 degrees, impacting spatial awareness and requiring more head movements to compensate.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHand-eye coordination:\u003c/strong\u003e Reduced depth perception can interfere with precision tasks, from sports to everyday activities like grasping objects.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBalance and navigation:\u003c/strong\u003e Navigating spaces, especially unfamiliar or complex settings, can be tricky due to the lack of depth cues, which can impact balance and orientation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-adapting-game-tactics-to-monocular-vision\"\u003eAdapting game tactics to monocular vision\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-reflex-time-nbsp\"\u003eReflex time\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.802606/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehuman brain can adapt to rely on limited sensory input\u003c/a\u003e. Proficient Counter-Strike players often react in under half a second—sometimes as quickly as a tenth of a second. This rapid processing of auditory and visual cues mirrors the adjustments required in real life for those with monocular vision. For instance, when something enters your blind side unexpectedly, there’s little time to respond. Enhanced reflexes developed through gaming become invaluable in these moments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spatial-awareness-nbsp\"\u003eSpatial awareness\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCounter-players memorize every map\u0026#8217;s corner, window, tunnel, and stairway. This knowledge allows actions to be guided largely by intuition. Similarly, living with monocular vision has heightened my spatial awareness in real-world surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining auditory cues, intuitive thinking, and limited visual input, like noticing changes in shadows, I\u0026#8217;ve become more confident in navigating my environment. Thanks to a heightened sense of spatial positioning, I can even grab items on my blind side without directly looking at them.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-anticipation-and-timing-nbsp\"\u003eAnticipation and timing\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQuick reflexes alone aren’t enough to excel in Counter-Strike. Players also need to anticipate movements, predict strategies, and time their actions to avoid detection. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn daily life, anticipating movements and trajectories compensates for a reduced field of view. For example, crossing a road with monocular vision involves carefully gauging the distance and speed of oncoming cars from both sides, much like anticipating an enemy\u0026#8217;s movements in a game.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-peeking-corners-nbsp\"\u003ePeeking corners\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePeeking is a tactical movement in Counter-Strike where players try to get a quick view before entering a new area (usually without fully revealing their position to potential threats). This is particularly useful in driving. Understanding upcoming turns or crossings is crucial, and an individual with monocular vision can focus ahead or on one side at a time. Peeking helps gather necessary information with limited exposure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-additional-tips-on-living-with-monocular-vision\"\u003eAdditional tips on living with monocular vision\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdapting to monocular vision comes with a learning curve. I\u0026#8217;ve experienced occasional challenges like unexpectedly bumping into objects or misjudging distances, especially on uneven surfaces like stairs and slopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith time, I\u0026#8217;ve learned that the frequency of such mishaps will likely decrease. Those around you will adapt to this change, and you\u0026#8217;ll learn to depend more on other cues within your surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile prosthetics, cosmetic procedures, and specialized optics can address physical changes, what matters most is developing a confident mindset as you embrace this new chapter of your life.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c6:T849,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough I’m a casual player with fewer than 1,000 in-game hours, Counter-Strike proved instrumental in helping me adapt. The game’s dynamic environment forced me to refine my spatial awareness and rely more on intuition and auditory cues—skills essential for managing life with monocular vision.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut before diving deeper into these parallels, let\u0026#8217;s look at some challenges associated with monocular vision:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepth perception:\u003c/strong\u003e Losing an eye significantly affects the ability to perceive depth and distance, making tasks like judging distances or curved trajectories more difficult.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eField of vision:\u003c/strong\u003e Monocular vision reduces peripheral vision from 180 to about 120 degrees, impacting spatial awareness and requiring more head movements to compensate.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHand-eye coordination:\u003c/strong\u003e Reduced depth perception can interfere with precision tasks, from sports to everyday activities like grasping objects.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBalance and navigation:\u003c/strong\u003e Navigating spaces, especially unfamiliar or complex settings, can be tricky due to the lack of depth cues, which can impact balance and orientation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-adapting-game-tactics-to-monocular-vision\"\u003eAdapting game tactics to monocular vision\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-reflex-time-nbsp\"\u003eReflex time\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.802606/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehuman brain can adapt to rely on limited sensory input\u003c/a\u003e. Proficient Counter-Strike players often react in under half a second—sometimes as quickly as a tenth of a second. This rapid processing of auditory and visual cues mirrors the adjustments required in real life for those with monocular vision. For instance, when something enters your blind side unexpectedly, there’s little time to respond. Enhanced reflexes developed through gaming become invaluable in these moments.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c7:T4e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spatial-awareness-nbsp\"\u003eSpatial awareness\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCounter-players memorize every map\u0026#8217;s corner, window, tunnel, and stairway. This knowledge allows actions to be guided largely by intuition. Similarly, living with monocular vision has heightened my spatial awareness in real-world surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining auditory cues, intuitive thinking, and limited visual input, like noticing changes in shadows, I\u0026#8217;ve become more confident in navigating my environment. Thanks to a heightened sense of spatial positioning, I can even grab items on my blind side without directly looking at them.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-anticipation-and-timing-nbsp\"\u003eAnticipation and timing\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQuick reflexes alone aren’t enough to excel in Counter-Strike. Players also need to anticipate movements, predict strategies, and time their actions to avoid detection. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn daily life, anticipating movements and trajectories compensates for a reduced field of view. For example, crossing a road with monocular vision involves carefully gauging the distance and speed of oncoming cars from both sides, much like anticipating an enemy\u0026#8217;s movements in a game.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c8:T45a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-peeking-corners-nbsp\"\u003ePeeking corners\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePeeking is a tactical movement in Counter-Strike where players try to get a quick view before entering a new area (usually without fully revealing their position to potential threats). This is particularly useful in driving. Understanding upcoming turns or crossings is crucial, and an individual with monocular vision can focus ahead or on one side at a time. Peeking helps gather necessary information with limited exposure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-additional-tips-on-living-with-monocular-vision\"\u003eAdditional tips on living with monocular vision\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdapting to monocular vision comes with a learning curve. I\u0026#8217;ve experienced occasional challenges like unexpectedly bumping into objects or misjudging distances, especially on uneven surfaces like stairs and slopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith time, I\u0026#8217;ve learned that the frequency of such mishaps will likely decrease. Those around you will adapt to this change, and you\u0026#8217;ll learn to depend more on other cues within your surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c9:T1edb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNeanderthal children collected ancient fossils like modern humans\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"This evidence of “earlier collectors” was found in the Prado Vargas Cave in northern Spain. Researchers claimed that Neanderthals, like humans, may have found joy in collecting objects.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neanderthal children collected ancient fossils like modern humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This evidence of “earlier collectors” was found in the Prado Vargas Cave in northern Spain. Researchers claimed that Neanderthals, like humans, may have found joy in collecting objects.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-20T17:08:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-20T17:10:11+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-9.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Neanderthals were avid collectors, suggests 40,000-year-old fossils from Spain\u0026#8217;s cave\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-20T17:08:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-20T17:10:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\"},\"wordCount\":500,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-9.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of early humans.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-9.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"fossil\",\"Neanderthals\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\",\"name\":\"Neanderthal children collected ancient fossils like modern humans\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-9.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-20T17:08:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-20T17:10:11+00:00\",\"description\":\"This evidence of “earlier collectors” was found in the Prado Vargas Cave in northern Spain. 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thus, their presence in the cave could be attributed to collecting activities,” the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1261\" height=\"1294\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?w=1052\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121803\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp 1261w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=292,300 292w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=768,788 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=1052,1080 1052w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1261px) 100vw, 1261px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMarine fossils were found in the cave. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/49\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-likely-collected-by-children\"\u003eLikely collected by children\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier evidence has widely indicated that Neanderthals used objects to make things, sometimes modifying them for personal adornment or practical use like hammers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, most of the sites have yielded only one or two such objects, but this cave stands out with a significant collection of 15 marine fossils.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese fossils appear to be “neither modified nor used as personal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eornaments.\u003c/a\u003e” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhy did Neanderthals collect these fossils? It\u0026#8217;s a puzzling question that scientists are still trying to answer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study proposes a range of reasons, from simple decoration to economic motives, or even a collection of children.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These fossils can be understood as evidence of an artistic interest or an attraction or curiosity for the forms of nature,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“They might have been collected by children. The collection of objects is characteristic of childhood, and remains of Neanderthal children were found in Prado Vargas,” it added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Unveiling Our Past: Early Humans in Northern Europe\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/E9xO3R-Bfr0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advanced-cognitive-abilities\"\u003eAdvanced cognitive abilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile collecting may seem simple, it actually reflects complex cognitive abilities. The true extent of Neanderthal intelligence remains a mystery, but emerging evidence points to a sophisticated mind.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe archaeological record is continually expanding, suggesting Neanderthal engaged in hunting practices, and demonstrated linguistic abilities, cognitive capacities, and symbolic behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors note that Neanderthals created art, provided care for the elderly and disabled, and may have engaged in religious practices, such as the worship of a \u0026#8220;bear cult.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the fossil assemblage dates to a period between 39,800 and 54,600 years ago, preceding the arrival of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ranis-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-coexisted\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHomo sapiens\u003c/a\u003e in this location.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery suggests that Neanderthals may have had a deep appreciation for the natural world. It showcases that our ancestors were capable of sophisticated thought and behavior long before our species arrived.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the study, the authors concluded by drawing a parallel between Neanderthal and human behavior. They suggest that just as we study and collect Neanderthal fossils, future civilizations might do the same to us.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This seems to become an infinite spiral through which, at some point, we will be part of what we collect,” they wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/49\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cb:T8c2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeanderthals, like humans, may have found joy in collecting objects. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The fossils, with one exception, show no evidence of having been used as tools; thus, their presence in the cave could be attributed to collecting activities,” the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1261\" height=\"1294\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?w=1052\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121803\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp 1261w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=292,300 292w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=768,788 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/quaternary-07-00049-g005.webp?resize=1052,1080 1052w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1261px) 100vw, 1261px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMarine fossils were found in the cave. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/49\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-likely-collected-by-children\"\u003eLikely collected by children\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier evidence has widely indicated that Neanderthals used objects to make things, sometimes modifying them for personal adornment or practical use like hammers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, most of the sites have yielded only one or two such objects, but this cave stands out with a significant collection of 15 marine fossils.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese fossils appear to be “neither modified nor used as personal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eornaments.\u003c/a\u003e” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhy did Neanderthals collect these fossils? It\u0026#8217;s a puzzling question that scientists are still trying to answer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study proposes a range of reasons, from simple decoration to economic motives, or even a collection of children.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cc:T65f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These fossils can be understood as evidence of an artistic interest or an attraction or curiosity for the forms of nature,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“They might have been collected by children. The collection of objects is characteristic of childhood, and remains of Neanderthal children were found in Prado Vargas,” it added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Unveiling Our Past: Early Humans in Northern Europe\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/E9xO3R-Bfr0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advanced-cognitive-abilities\"\u003eAdvanced cognitive abilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile collecting may seem simple, it actually reflects complex cognitive abilities. The true extent of Neanderthal intelligence remains a mystery, but emerging evidence points to a sophisticated mind.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe archaeological record is continually expanding, suggesting Neanderthal engaged in hunting practices, and demonstrated linguistic abilities, cognitive capacities, and symbolic behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors note that Neanderthals created art, provided care for the elderly and disabled, and may have engaged in religious practices, such as the worship of a \u0026#8220;bear cult.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cd:T433,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the fossil assemblage dates to a period between 39,800 and 54,600 years ago, preceding the arrival of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ranis-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-coexisted\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHomo sapiens\u003c/a\u003e in this location.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery suggests that Neanderthals may have had a deep appreciation for the natural world. It showcases that our ancestors were capable of sophisticated thought and behavior long before our species arrived.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the study, the authors concluded by drawing a parallel between Neanderthal and human behavior. They suggest that just as we study and collect Neanderthal fossils, future civilizations might do the same to us.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This seems to become an infinite spiral through which, at some point, we will be part of what we collect,” they wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/7/4/49\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ce:T1c16,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS eyes new nuclear deterrence to counter Russia, China threats\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The department\u0026#039;s report states that US needs integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support nuclear deterrence mission.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US eyes new nuclear deterrence to counter Russia, China threats\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The department\u0026#039;s report states that US needs integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support nuclear deterrence mission.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T09:33:23+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:15:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-94-1.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/6941f82106e837617793aa38635c4fe3\"},\"headline\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio 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Johnson, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Policy (N-CWMD).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Department of Defense (DOD) is examining these changes in the security environment and the resulting steps that might have to be taken in view of China\u0026#8217;s and Russia\u0026#8217;s enhanced capabilities. Furthermore, the possible lack of a nuclear arms control agreement after February 2025 might warrant an even more focused approach.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson made these comments while speaking on a panel at the Center for Strategic and International Studies Project on Nuclear Issues event in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe further stated that the US nuclear modernization program of record might be insufficient going forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-changes-proposed-by-new-report-on-us-nuclear-deterrence\"\u003eChanges proposed by new report on US nuclear deterrence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson stated that the DOD, in partnership with the National Nuclear Security Administration, has taken some steps to field capabilities to enhance the country’s nuclear deterrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these measures is the B61-13 gravity bomb, delivered by aircraft. Further, it is also ensuring the enhanced readiness of nuclear armed and powered Ohio-class submarines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration would produce the B61-13, which is a modern variant of the B61.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe department submitted a report to Congress on November 15 that enlisted the country’s nuclear employment strategy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3975117/dod-adjusts-nuclear-deterrence-strategy-as-nuclear-peer-adversaries-escalate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eas revealed\u003c/a\u003e by Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 491 report also accounts for the new challenges that the US faces because of the growth, modernization, and increasing diversity of potential adversaries\u0026#8217; arsenals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the report\u0026#8217;s key highlights is that the US plans to deter multiple adversaries simultaneously. It also states that the US requires the integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support the nuclear deterrence mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report also asks for the US to focus on escalation management planning for responding to limited nuclear attacks or high-consequence, non-nuclear strategic attacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also calls for the US to enable deeper consultation, coordination, and combined planning with allies and partners to strengthen extended deterrence commitments. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGrant Schneider, vice deputy director for strategic stability at the Joint Staff, who also spoke, said that another part of the report is the significant intellectual and analytical work required to identify the range of scenarios and strategic circumstances that the U.S. might face alongside its allies going into the 2030s.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To be prepared for the 2030s, we have to modernize our nuclear forces, the nuclear command and control, and the associated infrastructure that will allow us to be flexible and adjust over time as new challenges arise, whether that\u0026#8217;s new threats or potential changes or delays in our modernization,\u0026#8221; Schneider said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-growing-threats-to-the-us-from-adversaries\"\u003eGrowing threats to the US from adversaries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) launched its Yearbook, which stated that China is expanding its nuclear arsenal faster than any other country on the globe.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SIPRI Yearbook 2024 also stated that Russia is on top of the military stockpile list with 4,380 nukes. The number is not\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3266808/china-expanding-nuclear-arsenal-faster-any-other-country-report-says-still-lags-behind-us-and-russia?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=homepage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einclusive\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;of the retired warheads which the countries are in the process of dismantling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereport revealed\u003c/a\u003e that China’s arsenal increased from 410 warheads in January 2023 to 500 in January 2024, and it is expected to keep growing. It is an approximate 20% rise in a single year, which is massive.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also mentioned that the Asian giant might be shifting its policies regarding nukes as it has likely also started\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/demonstration-nuclear-explosion-warning-russia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeploying a few warheads\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;on missiles during peacetime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, North Korea – an ally of China and Russia – has assembled around 50 warheads, as per the SIPRI Yearbook. It added that the country has enough ‘fissile material to reach a total of up to 90 warheads.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecent use\u003c/a\u003e of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) by Russia to hit Ukraine for the first time has also raised eyebrows globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s claimed to be the first military use of ICBM, which can carry nuclear warheads, in an active war.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRussia had also \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecently changed\u003c/a\u003e its doctrine to lower the threshold for nuclear weapons use. With this, Russia can now use high-potential weapons in instances when a non-nuclear state supported by nuclear power attacks its territory.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d0:T543,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson made these comments while speaking on a panel at the Center for Strategic and International Studies Project on Nuclear Issues event in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe further stated that the US nuclear modernization program of record might be insufficient going forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-changes-proposed-by-new-report-on-us-nuclear-deterrence\"\u003eChanges proposed by new report on US nuclear deterrence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson stated that the DOD, in partnership with the National Nuclear Security Administration, has taken some steps to field capabilities to enhance the country’s nuclear deterrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these measures is the B61-13 gravity bomb, delivered by aircraft. Further, it is also ensuring the enhanced readiness of nuclear armed and powered Ohio-class submarines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration would produce the B61-13, which is a modern variant of the B61.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe department submitted a report to Congress on November 15 that enlisted the country’s nuclear employment strategy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3975117/dod-adjusts-nuclear-deterrence-strategy-as-nuclear-peer-adversaries-escalate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eas revealed\u003c/a\u003e by Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d1:T477,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 491 report also accounts for the new challenges that the US faces because of the growth, modernization, and increasing diversity of potential adversaries\u0026#8217; arsenals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the report\u0026#8217;s key highlights is that the US plans to deter multiple adversaries simultaneously. It also states that the US requires the integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support the nuclear deterrence mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report also asks for the US to focus on escalation management planning for responding to limited nuclear attacks or high-consequence, non-nuclear strategic attacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also calls for the US to enable deeper consultation, coordination, and combined planning with allies and partners to strengthen extended deterrence commitments. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGrant Schneider, vice deputy director for strategic stability at the Joint Staff, who also spoke, said that another part of the report is the significant intellectual and analytical work required to identify the range of scenarios and strategic circumstances that the U.S. might face alongside its allies going into the 2030s.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d2:T606,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To be prepared for the 2030s, we have to modernize our nuclear forces, the nuclear command and control, and the associated infrastructure that will allow us to be flexible and adjust over time as new challenges arise, whether that\u0026#8217;s new threats or potential changes or delays in our modernization,\u0026#8221; Schneider said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-growing-threats-to-the-us-from-adversaries\"\u003eGrowing threats to the US from adversaries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) launched its Yearbook, which stated that China is expanding its nuclear arsenal faster than any other country on the globe.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SIPRI Yearbook 2024 also stated that Russia is on top of the military stockpile list with 4,380 nukes. The number is not\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3266808/china-expanding-nuclear-arsenal-faster-any-other-country-report-says-still-lags-behind-us-and-russia?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=homepage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einclusive\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;of the retired warheads which the countries are in the process of dismantling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereport revealed\u003c/a\u003e that China’s arsenal increased from 410 warheads in January 2023 to 500 in January 2024, and it is expected to keep growing. It is an approximate 20% rise in a single year, which is massive.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d3:T53a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also mentioned that the Asian giant might be shifting its policies regarding nukes as it has likely also started\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/demonstration-nuclear-explosion-warning-russia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeploying a few warheads\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;on missiles during peacetime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, North Korea – an ally of China and Russia – has assembled around 50 warheads, as per the SIPRI Yearbook. It added that the country has enough ‘fissile material to reach a total of up to 90 warheads.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecent use\u003c/a\u003e of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) by Russia to hit Ukraine for the first time has also raised eyebrows globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s claimed to be the first military use of ICBM, which can carry nuclear warheads, in an active war.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRussia had also \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecently changed\u003c/a\u003e its doctrine to lower the threshold for nuclear weapons use. With this, Russia can now use high-potential weapons in instances when a non-nuclear state supported by nuclear power attacks its territory.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d4:T1dd9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eAstronauts to 3D-print electronic in space with breakthrough nanoink\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The 3D printer employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astronauts to 3D-print electronic in space with breakthrough nanoink\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The 3D printer employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T08:21:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T08:21:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-12.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"2024-11-22T08:21:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d5:T124f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. This means astronauts will be able to print electronic components right in space.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crucial development comes from the US-based Iowa State University.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team conducted experiments on NASA\u0026#8217;s microgravity flights to test their technology. These flights simulate zero gravity by flying in parabolic arcs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they were able to print electronic parts under zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This proof-of-concept microgravity experiment proves the unique capability of (electrohydrodynamic) printing under zero-gravity conditions and opens a new venue for future on-demand manufacturing in space,\u0026#8221; the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-electrohydrodynamic-printing-technique\"\u003eElectrohydrodynamic printing technique\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nanoink is made up of silver nanoparticles synthesized with biobased polymers called 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose. This polymer is a conventional thickening agent. Moreover, it is said to be cost-effective, biocompatible, and stable, which makes it suitable for high-resolution printing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis special ink can be heated to activate its electrical properties. Once activated, it can print intricate electronic circuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printer\u003c/a\u003e employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing. This technique shoots tiny droplets of ink using an electric field, achieving resolutions in the millionth-meter range. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the use of electric fields helps overcome the limitations of gravity, enabling precise 3D printing in the absence of gravity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo evaluate the technique, the team fastened the printer to the floor of a NASA plane for a microgravity flight experiment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plane would soar to 32,000 feet, then dive back down to 24,000 feet over Florida. This created brief periods of “pure zero gravity.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It was exciting and new,\u0026#8221; said Shan Jiang, the lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut printing in zero gravity is no easy feat. Even a few seconds of weightlessness can make it tough to keep things steady, unlike the stable conditions on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, on the first flight, the printer wasn\u0026#8217;t tied down tightly enough to handle the plane\u0026#8217;s shaking and jolting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These are very intense experiments that require a lot of teamwork and preparation,\u0026#8221; Jiang said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is 3D printing a revolution or just a trend?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NRUbaAPbmVA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3d-structures-printed-in-microgravity\"\u003e3D structures printed in microgravity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith more test flights, the team was able to fine-tune their technique and achieve better results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey highlight that the parabolic flight test successfully demonstrated the capability of EHD printing to create precise 3D structures even in the challenging conditions of microgravity using nanoinks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This success is really just the beginning,\u0026#8221; Jiang said. \u0026#8220;As humanity ventures deeper into space, the need for on-demand manufacturing of electronics in orbit is no longer science fiction; it is a necessity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers may next focus on developing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printing technology\u003c/a\u003e for other electronic components, such as semiconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2024-11-nanoink-technologies-enable-electronics-production.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release,\u003c/a\u003e the Iowa State University Research Foundation has obtained a patent for the new nanoink technology, which is now open for licensing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c07592\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d6:T42b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\"\u003eHow 3D printing could make space settlement viable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\"\u003eA giant 90-ton 3D printer is building Rocket Lab’s Neutron rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/esa-achieves-worlds-1st-metal-3d-printing\"\u003eESA achieves historic world’s 1st metal 3D printing on space station\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d7:T4fe,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they were able to print electronic parts under zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This proof-of-concept microgravity experiment proves the unique capability of (electrohydrodynamic) printing under zero-gravity conditions and opens a new venue for future on-demand manufacturing in space,\u0026#8221; the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-electrohydrodynamic-printing-technique\"\u003eElectrohydrodynamic printing technique\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nanoink is made up of silver nanoparticles synthesized with biobased polymers called 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose. This polymer is a conventional thickening agent. Moreover, it is said to be cost-effective, biocompatible, and stable, which makes it suitable for high-resolution printing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis special ink can be heated to activate its electrical properties. Once activated, it can print intricate electronic circuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printer\u003c/a\u003e employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing. This technique shoots tiny droplets of ink using an electric field, achieving resolutions in the millionth-meter range. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d8:T7cf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is 3D printing a revolution or just a trend?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NRUbaAPbmVA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3d-structures-printed-in-microgravity\"\u003e3D structures printed in microgravity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith more test flights, the team was able to fine-tune their technique and achieve better results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey highlight that the parabolic flight test successfully demonstrated the capability of EHD printing to create precise 3D structures even in the challenging conditions of microgravity using nanoinks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This success is really just the beginning,\u0026#8221; Jiang said. \u0026#8220;As humanity ventures deeper into space, the need for on-demand manufacturing of electronics in orbit is no longer science fiction; it is a necessity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers may next focus on developing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printing technology\u003c/a\u003e for other electronic components, such as semiconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2024-11-nanoink-technologies-enable-electronics-production.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release,\u003c/a\u003e the Iowa State University Research Foundation has obtained a patent for the new nanoink technology, which is now open for licensing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c07592\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d9:T42b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\"\u003eHow 3D printing could make space settlement viable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\"\u003eA giant 90-ton 3D printer is building Rocket Lab’s Neutron rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/esa-achieves-worlds-1st-metal-3d-printing\"\u003eESA achieves historic world’s 1st metal 3D printing on space station\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"da:T1dcc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eCosmic collision: 2 million mph speeding galaxy causes violent clash\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The collision was triggered by a rogue galaxy, hurtling through space at an incredibly high speed of 2 million mph. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cosmic collision: 2 million mph speeding galaxy causes violent clash\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The collision was triggered by a rogue galaxy, hurtling through space at an incredibly high speed of 2 million mph. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T00:01:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T14:06:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_60f92a.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" 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clash\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_60f92a.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T00:01:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T14:06:29+00:00\",\"description\":\"The collision was triggered by a rogue galaxy, hurtling through space at an incredibly high speed of 2 million mph. \",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_60f92a.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_60f92a.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Stephan's 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"db:T153c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA violent clash of galaxies has been caught in unprecedented detail by one of the most powerful telescopes based in La Palma, Spain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe collision was triggered by a rogue galaxy, hurtling through space at an incredibly high speed of 2 million miles per hour (3.2 million kilometers per hour). \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis cosmic speedster collided with Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, a group of five galaxies located 290 million light-years away.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact triggered a colossal shockwave, ripping through the galactic gas and dust. It\u0026#8217;s like a sonic boom from a jet fighter, but on a cosmic scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;As the shock moves through pockets of cold gas, it travels at hypersonic speeds – several times the speed of sound in the intergalactic medium of Stephan’s Quintet* – powerful enough to rip apart electrons from atoms, leaving behind a glowing trail of charged gas,\u0026#8221; said Marina Arnaudova, the lead researcher from the University of Hertfordshire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"669\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122012\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg 700w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg?resize=300,287 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWEAVE data overlaid on a JWST\u0026#8217;s image of Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, with green contours showing radio data from the LOFAR telescope. The orange and blue colors follow the brightness of Hydrogen-alpha obtained with the WEAVE LIFU, which trace where the intergalactic gas is ionized.\u0026nbsp;University of Hertfordshire\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-interaction-between-2-galaxies\"\u003eInteraction between 2 galaxies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet is a visual spectacle of galactic interaction.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Since its discovery in 1877, Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet has captivated astronomers, because it represents a galactic crossroad where past collisions between galaxies have left behind a complex field of debris,” Arnaudova added. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis galaxy group has been further energized by the recent passage of NGC 7318b, a galaxy that has barreled through the group at an astonishing speed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis violent cosmic event was captured by the William Herschel Telescope\u0026#8217;s Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer (WEAVE) in Spain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-shoackwave-s-influence\"\u003eShoackwave\u0026#8217;s influence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs NGC 7318b hurtles through the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unexpectedly-calm-galaxy-cluster-discovered-84-billion-light-years-away-from-earth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecluster\u003c/a\u003e, it triggers a shockwave that ripples through the intergalactic medium. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has made a surprising discovery about the shockwave created by the colliding galaxies. They found that the shockwave behaves differently depending on the environment it encounters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the shockwave moves through cold gas, it acts like a powerful force, stripping electrons from atoms and creating a trail of ionized gas. However, as it enters regions of hot gas, the shockwave loses much of its energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of causing significant disruption, the weak shock compresses the hot gas, resulting in radio waves that are picked up by radio telescopes like the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR),” said Soumyadeep Das, a PhD student at the University of Hertfordshire in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mysterious Sound Coming from Space\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/J9wnUDfv0No?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dual nature of the shockwave was previously unknown to astronomers. This revelation was made possible by the combined power of WEAVE, LOFAR, the Very Large Array (VLA), and the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jwst-unveils-galaxy-merger-13b-years-ago-defies-early-universe-models\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The details of the shock and the unfolding collision that we see in Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, these observations provide a remarkable perspective on what may be happening in the formation and evolution of the barely resolved faint galaxies that we see at the limits of our current capabilities,\u0026#8221; said Gavin Dalton, WEAVE principal investigator at RAL Space and the University of Oxford.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA team of 60+ astronomers discovered this spectacular event of NGC 7318b smashing into Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings have been published in the journal \u003cem\u003eMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dc:T7dd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact triggered a colossal shockwave, ripping through the galactic gas and dust. It\u0026#8217;s like a sonic boom from a jet fighter, but on a cosmic scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;As the shock moves through pockets of cold gas, it travels at hypersonic speeds – several times the speed of sound in the intergalactic medium of Stephan’s Quintet* – powerful enough to rip apart electrons from atoms, leaving behind a glowing trail of charged gas,\u0026#8221; said Marina Arnaudova, the lead researcher from the University of Hertfordshire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"669\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122012\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg 700w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/low-res_9a4ec3.jpeg?resize=300,287 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eWEAVE data overlaid on a JWST\u0026#8217;s image of Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, with green contours showing radio data from the LOFAR telescope. The orange and blue colors follow the brightness of Hydrogen-alpha obtained with the WEAVE LIFU, which trace where the intergalactic gas is ionized.\u0026nbsp;University of Hertfordshire\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-interaction-between-2-galaxies\"\u003eInteraction between 2 galaxies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet is a visual spectacle of galactic interaction.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Since its discovery in 1877, Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet has captivated astronomers, because it represents a galactic crossroad where past collisions between galaxies have left behind a complex field of debris,” Arnaudova added. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis galaxy group has been further energized by the recent passage of NGC 7318b, a galaxy that has barreled through the group at an astonishing speed.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dd:T56c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis violent cosmic event was captured by the William Herschel Telescope\u0026#8217;s Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer (WEAVE) in Spain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-shoackwave-s-influence\"\u003eShoackwave\u0026#8217;s influence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs NGC 7318b hurtles through the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unexpectedly-calm-galaxy-cluster-discovered-84-billion-light-years-away-from-earth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecluster\u003c/a\u003e, it triggers a shockwave that ripples through the intergalactic medium. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has made a surprising discovery about the shockwave created by the colliding galaxies. They found that the shockwave behaves differently depending on the environment it encounters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the shockwave moves through cold gas, it acts like a powerful force, stripping electrons from atoms and creating a trail of ionized gas. However, as it enters regions of hot gas, the shockwave loses much of its energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Instead of causing significant disruption, the weak shock compresses the hot gas, resulting in radio waves that are picked up by radio telescopes like the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR),” said Soumyadeep Das, a PhD student at the University of Hertfordshire in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"de:T62e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mysterious Sound Coming from Space\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/J9wnUDfv0No?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dual nature of the shockwave was previously unknown to astronomers. This revelation was made possible by the combined power of WEAVE, LOFAR, the Very Large Array (VLA), and the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jwst-unveils-galaxy-merger-13b-years-ago-defies-early-universe-models\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The details of the shock and the unfolding collision that we see in Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, these observations provide a remarkable perspective on what may be happening in the formation and evolution of the barely resolved faint galaxies that we see at the limits of our current capabilities,\u0026#8221; said Gavin Dalton, WEAVE principal investigator at RAL Space and the University of Oxford.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA team of 60+ astronomers discovered this spectacular event of NGC 7318b smashing into Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings have been published in the journal \u003cem\u003eMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"df:T1db9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew study uses acoustic modeling to revive Parasaurolophus calls\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers from New York University have created a unique pipe-like instrument inspired by the dinosaur\u0026#039;s distinctive crest.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-instrument-to-model-dinosaur-sounds\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New study uses acoustic modeling to revive Parasaurolophus calls\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers from New York University have created a unique pipe-like instrument inspired by the dinosaur\u0026#039;s distinctive crest.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-instrument-to-model-dinosaur-sounds\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T21:30:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T13:38:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-11.jpg\" 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content=\"2024-11-21T21:30:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e0:T15ec,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eMillion years ago, dinosaurs roamed the Earth, leaving behind a legacy etched in rocks. Fossils have given us a glimpse into their physical form, different species, traits, and even lifestyle.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile we can imagine their appearance, the sounds they made remain a mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, a new study suggests that these fossilized remains may also give insights into these giant creatures’ sounds.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers from New York University have created a unique pipe-like instrument inspired by the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s distinctive crest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“I’ve been fascinated by giant animals ever since I was a kid. I’d spend hours reading books, watching movies, and imagining what it would be like if dinosaurs were still around today,” said Hongjun Lin, who conducted this study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It wasn’t until college that I realized the sounds we hear in movies and shows—while mesmerizing—are completely fabricated using sounds from modern animals. That’s when I decided to dive deeper and explore what dinosaurs might have actually sounded like,” Lin added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122093\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg 700w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg?resize=300,225 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA 3D-printed model of the Parasaurolophus skulls at a 1:3 scale to the original fossil. The white model is the nasal passages inside the skull. Hongjun Lin\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decoding-dinosaur-s-crest\"\u003eDecoding dinosaur\u0026#8217;s crest\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team particularly focused on parasaurolophus, a duck-billed \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/pterosaur-fossil-unlocks-secrets-of-flying-reptiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edinosaur\u003c/a\u003e that lived 70 million to 80 million years ago. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese giant dinosaurs reached a height of about 16 feet and weighed an estimated 6,000 to 8,000 pounds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, parasaurolophus had a unique crest, which is a bony structure that protrudes from the skull of certain dinosaur species.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor a long time, the curved, bony crest baffled paleontologists. Some hypothesized that it might have functioned as a super sniffer or an underwater breathing apparatus.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent years, studies of parasaurolophus \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/84-million-year-old-armored-dinosaur-species-with-killer-tail-club-revealed-in-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efossils\u003c/a\u003e have showcased that crest was most likely used for sound production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe hollow tubes within these structures suggest that they acted as resonating chambers, amplifying the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s vocalizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo understand the acoustic properties of the Parasaurolophus crest, Lin created a physical model that mirrored this structure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis model consisted of tubes arranged in a way that resembled the hollow chambers within the actual crest. Moreover, the model was delicately suspended by cotton threads. A small speaker was used to introduce sound vibrations, and a microphone was positioned to capture the resulting frequencies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do dolphins use echolocation to navigate the deep seas?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CE5tZKFVlto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-crest-served-like-a-resonator\"\u003eCrest served like a resonator \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLin and his team studied how sound waves traveled through these tubes to gain insights into the sound production and amplification capabilities of the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s crest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1064589?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the researchers have named this physical model as \u0026#8220;Linophone.\u0026#8221; They highlight that it isn\u0026#8217;t an exact replica of the Parasaurolophus crest. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“I wanted something simplified and accessible for both modeling and building a physical device,” Lin explained. “My ultimate goal is to re-create the sound of the Parasaurolophus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, early findings indicate that the Parasaurolophus used crest for \u0026#8220;resonance,\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;like modern bird crests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis physical model will serve as a tangible representation of a mathematical model, allowing researchers to visualize and test the acoustic principles at play. The mathematical model is still under development, which will simulate real-world systems using equations and algorithms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn the fun side, the researcher aims to create a user-friendly plug-in that will allow people to experiment with dinosaur sounds and incorporate them into their music compositions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe device was presented at the virtual 187th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e1:T741,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“I’ve been fascinated by giant animals ever since I was a kid. I’d spend hours reading books, watching movies, and imagining what it would be like if dinosaurs were still around today,” said Hongjun Lin, who conducted this study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It wasn’t until college that I realized the sounds we hear in movies and shows—while mesmerizing—are completely fabricated using sounds from modern animals. That’s when I decided to dive deeper and explore what dinosaurs might have actually sounded like,” Lin added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122093\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg 700w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/dino.jpeg?resize=300,225 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA 3D-printed model of the Parasaurolophus skulls at a 1:3 scale to the original fossil. The white model is the nasal passages inside the skull. Hongjun Lin\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decoding-dinosaur-s-crest\"\u003eDecoding dinosaur\u0026#8217;s crest\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team particularly focused on parasaurolophus, a duck-billed \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/pterosaur-fossil-unlocks-secrets-of-flying-reptiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edinosaur\u003c/a\u003e that lived 70 million to 80 million years ago. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese giant dinosaurs reached a height of about 16 feet and weighed an estimated 6,000 to 8,000 pounds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, parasaurolophus had a unique crest, which is a bony structure that protrudes from the skull of certain dinosaur species.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e2:T43b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor a long time, the curved, bony crest baffled paleontologists. Some hypothesized that it might have functioned as a super sniffer or an underwater breathing apparatus.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent years, studies of parasaurolophus \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/84-million-year-old-armored-dinosaur-species-with-killer-tail-club-revealed-in-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efossils\u003c/a\u003e have showcased that crest was most likely used for sound production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe hollow tubes within these structures suggest that they acted as resonating chambers, amplifying the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s vocalizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo understand the acoustic properties of the Parasaurolophus crest, Lin created a physical model that mirrored this structure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis model consisted of tubes arranged in a way that resembled the hollow chambers within the actual crest. Moreover, the model was delicately suspended by cotton threads. A small speaker was used to introduce sound vibrations, and a microphone was positioned to capture the resulting frequencies.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e3:T711,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do dolphins use echolocation to navigate the deep seas?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CE5tZKFVlto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-crest-served-like-a-resonator\"\u003eCrest served like a resonator \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLin and his team studied how sound waves traveled through these tubes to gain insights into the sound production and amplification capabilities of the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s crest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1064589?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the researchers have named this physical model as \u0026#8220;Linophone.\u0026#8221; They highlight that it isn\u0026#8217;t an exact replica of the Parasaurolophus crest. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“I wanted something simplified and accessible for both modeling and building a physical device,” Lin explained. “My ultimate goal is to re-create the sound of the Parasaurolophus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, early findings indicate that the Parasaurolophus used crest for \u0026#8220;resonance,\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;like modern bird crests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis physical model will serve as a tangible representation of a mathematical model, allowing researchers to visualize and test the acoustic principles at play. The mathematical model is still under development, which will simulate real-world systems using equations and algorithms.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"17:[[\"$\",\"$L19\",null,{\"articleType\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"publishDate\":\"2017-01-30\",\"title\":\"The Future of Construction: Mushroom Buildings\",\"category\":\"culture\"}],[[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-title\",\"content\":\"The Future of Construction: Mushroom Buildings\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-link\",\"content\":\"http://interestingengineering.com/culture/future-construction-mushroom-buildings\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-type\",\"content\":\"post\"}],\"\",[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-pub-date\",\"content\":\"2017-01-30T21:03:00Z\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-section\",\"content\":\"Culture\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-author\",\"content\":\"Interesting Engineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-tags\",\"content\":\"editor: post\"}]],[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$1a\"}}],[\"$\",\"main\",null,{\"className\":\"t-bg-surface-primary t-pt-[10px] mb:t-pt-[70px]\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L1b\",null,{\"articleData\":{\"postType\":\"culture\",\"isStaging\":true,\"content\":{\"id\":6986,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$1c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"The Future of Construction: Mushroom Buildings\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe future of construction is rotten. The process which has long been known to decompose and recycle organic matter may soon provide the building blocks to construct our future. The technology is owed to nonother than the mushroom- or more accurately, fungus. Fungi have dominated the world\u0026#8217;s undergrowth for millions of years. Their unique ability [\u0026hellip;]\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe future of construction is rotten. The process which has long been known to decompose and recycle organic matter may soon provide the building blocks to construct our future. The technology is owed to nonother than the mushroom- or more accurately, fungus. Fungi have dominated the world\u0026#8217;s undergrowth for millions of years. Their unique ability [\u0026hellip;]\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4609,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$1d\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/future-construction-mushroom-buildings\",\"publish_date\":\"2017-01-30T21:03:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"8 years ago\",\"update_date\":null,\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Jan 30, 2017 04:03 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":null,\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/images/uploads/mushroom-tower-2.jpg\",\"title\":\"The Future of Construction: Mushroom Buildings\",\"name\":\"The Future of Construction: Mushroom Buildings\",\"alt_text\":\"The Future of Construction: Mushroom Buildings\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"slug\":\"interesting-engineering\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/OwwpCxIioHeA.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"interesting-engineering\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/interesting-engineering\",\"description\":\"Interesting Engineering is a diverse group of journalists, videographers, and creators that aims to help the world better understand the art and science of engineering. With a combination of innovative storytelling and bespoke content formats, we cover the latest developments and breakthroughs in engineering, science, and technology.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\u003cp style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"\u003eThe future of construction is rotten. The process which has long been known to decompose and recycle organic matter may soon provide the building blocks to construct our future. The technology is owed to nonother than the mushroom- or more accurately, fungus.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"\u003eFungi have dominated the world\u0026#8217;s undergrowth for \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/07/14/50-million-year-old-mushroom-found-trapped-in-amber/\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emillions of years\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. Their unique ability to decompose organic matter enables them to thrive from the life of other organisms. Over decades of research and development, scientists are narrowing in on technologies which will allow engineers to use fungus as the main building material in future constructions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$1e\",\"$1f\",\"$20\",\"$21\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/future-construction-mushroom-buildings\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"67520\",\"ie_score\":\"1493\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/images/uploads/mushroom-tower-2.jpg\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":null},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":122428,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$22\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype grew as the Tesla Bot Action Figure, mirroring its larger counterpart, sold out in under 24 hours. 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Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army has awarded Raytheon, an RTX business, a contract to work on directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe contract aims to build capabilities that will distribute power across the battlefield, simplify logistics, and safeguard locations for US troops.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe move has been carried out with an intention to make logistics simpler for the US troops by removing the need for moving fuel and batteries across the battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe directed energy wireless power system, once developed, would be able to beam energy directly to the units and systems that need it to function.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAny army formation is dependent on a large number of food, ammunition, surveillance and strike capabilities. Their mobility is dependent on the supply lines functioning efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWith modernization, there is a growing need for power in almost all departments on the battlefield – especially with the increasing role of drones, and other unmanned systems. This leads to a lot of batteries being carried, even by soldiers in their backpacks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA battery running out of power on the battlefield \u0026#8211; where recharging is not an option \u0026#8211; can slow down the progress of an individual – and, as a result, the whole formation. Therefore, the directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities can be a game-changer in the long run.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$42\",\"$43\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAt the time, DARPA had predicted that the tech could also be used in civilian situations to provide relief in case of natural disasters and power up devices in remote regions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-raytheon-directed-energy-wireless-power-beaming\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Artistic representation of Raytheon's wireless energy transmission to perimeter security and advanced robotics.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://prd-sc102-cdn.rtx.com/-/media/rtx/s/skidplate-fob.jpg?rev=f78b53b839434bcb8d8c0096c563abd6\u0026amp;w=1600\u0026amp;hash=72D525EF5EA80AB99E3EB495F5B2A6B7\\\"\u003eRaytheon\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/darpa-laser-power-transfer\\\"\u003eDARPA is making Nikola Tesla’s dream of wireless energy a reality\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy\\\"\u003eNew report points to directed energy as the cause of ‘Havana Syndrome’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wireless-energy-transmission-darpa\\\"\u003eWireless energy transmission one step closer thanks to DARPA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122314,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"thermal energy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"thermal energy\",\"slug\":\"thermal-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/thermal-energy\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$44\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4421,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$45\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:55 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:56 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"alt_text\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$46\",\"$47\",\"$48\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122292,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"malaria\",\"vaccine\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"malaria\",\"slug\":\"malaria\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/malaria\"},{\"name\":\"vaccine\",\"slug\":\"vaccine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/vaccine\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$49\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis technique gave the immune system a powerful boost, shielding people from the disease.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis technique gave the immune system a powerful boost, shielding people from the disease.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3791,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$4a\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\\\"\u003eCommon kitchen soap key to fighting malaria\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\\\"\u003eCan gene editing end malaria? Burkina Faso leads the way\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-engineer-mosquitos-to-spread-anti-malaria-genes\\\"\u003eScientists Engineer Mosquitos to Spread Antimalaria Genes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:38:39\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:38:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:38 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:38 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\",\"title\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"name\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"alt_text\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"description\":\"Representational image of mosquito feeding on a human host.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/culex-pipiens-feeding-on-a-human-host-macro-of-common-house-mosquito-sucking-blood-gm1325731071-410658362?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMalaria, a disease that has plagued humanity for centuries, continues to claim millions of lives each year. But scientists may have found a new way to combat this deadly disease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn clinical trials, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver the malaria vaccine safely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis novel vaccination strategy involves using genetically modified mosquitoes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$4b\",\"$4c\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants were divided into three groups: one group received the GA2 vaccine, another received an earlier version (GA1), and the control group received bites from uninfected mosquitoes. The primary goal was to assess the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to prevent malaria infection and its safety profile.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAfter three weeks, both groups were exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes to assess their level of protection.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBefore being exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes, both groups showed increased antibody levels. However, the GA1 group had a lower protection rate (13 percent) compared to the group bitten by GA2 parasite at 89 percent. The only reported side effects were minor itching from the mosquito bites.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Protective efficacy against subsequent controlled human malaria infection was observed in 8 of 9 participants (89 percent) in the GA2 group, in 1 of 8 participants (13 percent) in the GA1 group, and in 0 of 3 participants in the placebo group,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUp next, the researchers plan to conduct a larger trial. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach could significantly reduce the global burden of malaria, particularly in regions where the disease is most prevalent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial findings were published in \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New England Journal of Medicine. \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of mosquito feeding on a human host.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/culex-pipiens-feeding-on-a-human-host-macro-of-common-house-mosquito-sucking-blood-gm1325731071-410658362?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\\\"\u003eCommon kitchen soap key to fighting malaria\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\\\"\u003eCan gene editing end malaria? Burkina Faso leads the way\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-engineer-mosquitos-to-spread-anti-malaria-genes\\\"\u003eScientists Engineer Mosquitos to Spread Antimalaria Genes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":122535,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"light\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"light\",\"slug\":\"light\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/light\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$4d\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eOur gadgets don’t get outdated; they are meant to turn obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eOur gadgets don’t get outdated; they are meant to turn obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":8146,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$4e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\\\"\u003eHere’s why planned obsolescence is bad for the environment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eShould You Have the Right to Repair Products You Own?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eBig Tech Comes Under Fire Over Right to Repair\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:01\",\"timeAgo\":\"8 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:10\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:07 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:07 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"title\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"name\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"alt_text\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"description\":\"Imagine a never-ending light bulb; it's simply bad business for light shops \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-photography-of-light-bulbs-2764942/\\\"\u003eJoy Singh/Pexels\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eImagine a light bulb that has been burning since 1901. Nestled in a quiet Californian fire station, the Centennial Light challenges today\u0026#8217;s disposable culture, offering a glimpse into a past where products were built to last. 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60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis discovery highlights the Neanderthals\u0026#8217; cognitive abilities and their sophisticated use of fire for complex tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis discovery highlights the Neanderthals\u0026#8217; cognitive abilities and their sophisticated use of fire for complex tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4425,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$57\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\\\"\u003eNeanderthals' secret weapon revealed in ancient tool study\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ranis-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-coexisted\\\"\u003eHomo sapiens coexisted with Neanderthals before extinction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\\\"\u003eNeanderthal children collected ancient fossils like modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:00:47\",\"timeAgo\":\"17 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:18\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:00 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:25 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/fsfsdf.jpg\",\"title\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 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Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFor centuries, Neanderthals were often portrayed as primitive, brutish beings. But a new discovery has challenged this long-held stereotype.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA Neanderthal glue-making structure has been uncovered at Vanguard Cave in Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eArchaeologists found a specialized hearth or “burning structure,” which they believe was used to create a prehistoric superglue: birch tar.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery provides evidence of their advanced fire-using techniques, suggesting Neanderthals were more intelligent than previously 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\\\"\u003eNeanderthals' secret weapon revealed in ancient tool study\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ranis-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-coexisted\\\"\u003eHomo sapiens coexisted with Neanderthals before extinction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\\\"\u003eNeanderthal children collected ancient fossils like modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":121955,\"tags\":[\"blue quran\",\"islam\",\"multispectral imagery\",\"quran\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"blue quran\",\"slug\":\"blue-quran\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/blue-quran\"},{\"name\":\"islam\",\"slug\":\"islam\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/islam\"},{\"name\":\"multispectral 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With a keen interest in science, Srishti is particularly drawn to beats covering medicine, sustainability, gene studies, and anything biology-related.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Zayed National Museum (ZNM) in Abu Dhabi have uncovered hidden text beneath intricate gold leaf patterns on a page of the Blue Quran.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis ninth-century manuscript is famed for its indigo-dyed sheepskin pages, gold Kufic calligraphy, and silver embellishments. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNurul Iman Bint Rusli, the curator at ZNM, highlighted the importance of technology in uncovering these hidden layers of history. “Only one copy of the Blue Quran is thought to exist and the 100 or so of its known pages have fascinated scholars for many decades.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5d\",\"$5e\",\"$5f\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The Blue Qur’an, one of the world’s most well-known and recognisable Qur’an manuscripts and most important examples of Islamic calligraphy.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://zayednationalmuseum.ae/en/about/news-and-press/news-and-press-listing-page/the-blue-quran\\\"\u003eZayed National Museum\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/2000-year-old-most-important-roman-road-unearthed-in-london\\\"\u003e2,000-year-old ‘most important’ Roman road unearthed in southeast London\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/500-million-year-old-worm-fossil-traces-origins-of-insects-and-arachnids\\\"\u003e500-million-year-old nematode worm fossil unearthed in Australia\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/16th-century-coins-valued-over-120000-unearthed-in-poland\\\"\u003e16th-century coin hoard valued over $120,000 unearthed by father, son in Poland\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":121768,\"tags\":[\"Gaming\",\"vision\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Gaming\",\"slug\":\"gaming\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/gaming\"},{\"name\":\"vision\",\"slug\":\"vision\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/vision\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$60\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"How Counter-Strike became my unlikely ally after losing an eye \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe author shares how Counter-Strike\u0026#8217;s fast-paced gameplay helped him adapt to single-eye vision, turning virtual combat into practical lessons in spatial awareness.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe author shares how Counter-Strike\u0026#8217;s fast-paced gameplay helped him adapt to single-eye vision, turning virtual combat into practical lessons in spatial awareness.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4563,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$61\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/youtuber-rock-paper-scissors-robot-rocky\\\"\u003eRock-paper-scissors robot wins 100% games, inventor bets $10,000 to defeat it\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-patient-play-counter-strike\\\"\u003eNeuralink’s second paralyzed patient plays Counter-Strike 2 with thoughts\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mastering-the-game-top-five-global-gamer-collector\\\"\u003eMastering the game: the phenomenal journey of a top five global gamer and collector\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/life-skills-eye-counter-strike\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-20T19:23:25\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-20T19:34:54\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 20, 2024 02:23 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 20, 2024 02:34 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_350446.jpg\",\"title\":\"How Counter-Strike became my unlikely ally after losing an eye \",\"name\":\"How Counter-Strike became my unlikely ally after losing an eye \",\"alt_text\":\"How Counter-Strike became my unlikely ally after losing an eye \",\"description\":\"Representative image of a gamer.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/competitor-takes-part-in-a-match-at-the-epiclan-esport-news-photo/1180735053?adppopup=true\\\"\u003eLeon Neal/Getty Images\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, a life-altering accident cost me my right eye, launching me into a challenging journey of surgeries, adjustments, and new realities. A year and a half later, I found an unlikely ally in the first-person shooter game Counter-Strike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCan a fast-paced first-person shooter reflect the real-world challenges of adapting to monocular vision? Surprisingly, to some extent, yes. In Counter-Strike, players must constantly scan their surroundings for threats and make split-second decisions based on limited information. Similarly, living with one eye demands heightened attentiveness, rapid reactions, and sharp spatial awareness to navigate a reduced field of vision effectively.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$62\",\"$63\",\"$64\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile prosthetics, cosmetic procedures, and specialized optics can address physical changes, what matters most is developing a confident mindset as you embrace this new chapter of your life.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/life-skills-eye-counter-strike\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image of a gamer.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/competitor-takes-part-in-a-match-at-the-epiclan-esport-news-photo/1180735053?adppopup=true\\\"\u003eLeon Neal/Getty Images\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/youtuber-rock-paper-scissors-robot-rocky\\\"\u003eRock-paper-scissors robot wins 100% games, inventor bets $10,000 to defeat it\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-patient-play-counter-strike\\\"\u003eNeuralink’s second paralyzed patient plays Counter-Strike 2 with thoughts\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mastering-the-game-top-five-global-gamer-collector\\\"\u003eMastering the game: the phenomenal journey of a top five global gamer and collector\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":121800,\"tags\":[\"fossil\",\"Neanderthals\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"fossil\",\"slug\":\"fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossil\"},{\"name\":\"Neanderthals\",\"slug\":\"neanderthals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/neanderthals\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$65\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"Neanderthals were avid collectors, suggests 40,000-year-old fossils from Spain\u0026#8217;s cave\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the traditional view of Neanderthals as primitive beings.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the traditional view of Neanderthals as primitive beings.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3271,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$66\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\\\"\u003eNeanderthals' secret weapon revealed in ancient tool study\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ranis-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-coexisted\\\"\u003eHomo sapiens coexisted with Neanderthals before extinction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/fossil-first-down-syndrome-in-neanderthals\\\"\u003eFossil reveals first case of Down syndrome in Neanderthals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-20T17:08:14\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-20T17:10:11\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 20, 2024 12:08 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 20, 2024 12:10 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-9.jpg\",\"title\":\"Neanderthals were avid collectors, suggests 40,000-year-old fossils from Spain\u0026#8217;s cave\",\"name\":\"Neanderthals were avid collectors, suggests 40,000-year-old fossils from Spain\u0026#8217;s cave\",\"alt_text\":\"Neanderthals were avid collectors, suggests 40,000-year-old fossils from Spain\u0026#8217;s cave\",\"description\":\"Researchers claimed that Neanderthals, like humans, may have found joy in collecting objects. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/tribe-of-four-hunter-gatherers-wearing-animal-skin-holding-stone-tipped-tools-pose-gm1194512908-340165395\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003egorodenkoff\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. 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Report\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T09:33:23\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:15:21\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 04:33 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:15 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-94-1.png\",\"title\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"name\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"alt_text\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"description\":\"A F-35 jet dropping an inert B61-12 during first trial in 2021.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg/800px-F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg?20230514214830\\\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. 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Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. This means astronauts will be able to print electronic components right in space.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis crucial development comes from the US-based Iowa State University.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe team conducted experiments on NASA\u0026#8217;s microgravity flights to test their technology. These flights simulate zero gravity by flying in parabolic arcs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$73\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the use of electric fields helps overcome the limitations of gravity, enabling precise 3D printing in the absence of gravity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTo evaluate the technique, the team fastened the printer to the floor of a NASA plane for a microgravity flight experiment.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe plane would soar to 32,000 feet, then dive back down to 24,000 feet over Florida. This created brief periods of “pure zero gravity.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It was exciting and new,\u0026#8221; said Shan Jiang, the lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBut printing in zero gravity is no easy feat. Even a few seconds of weightlessness can make it tough to keep things steady, unlike the stable conditions on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, on the first flight, the printer wasn\u0026#8217;t tied down tightly enough to handle the plane\u0026#8217;s shaking and jolting.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These are very intense experiments that require a lot of teamwork and preparation,\u0026#8221; Jiang said.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$74\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers test their nanoink and printer technologies during a NASA microgravity 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telescope captures rogue galaxy colliding with another at 2 million mph\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis cosmic speedster collided with Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, a group of five galaxies located 290 million light-years away. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis cosmic speedster collided with Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, a group of five galaxies located 290 million light-years away. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3641,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$77\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jwst-unveils-galaxy-merger-13b-years-ago-defies-early-universe-models\\\"\u003eJWST unveils galaxy merger 13B-years ago, defies early universe models\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unexpectedly-calm-galaxy-cluster-discovered-84-billion-light-years-away-from-earth\\\"\u003e‘Unexpectedly calm’ galaxy cluster discovered 8.4 billion light-years away from Earth\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/andromeda-galaxy\\\"\u003eAndromeda Galaxy: everything you need to know about our galactic neighbor\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T00:01:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":null,\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 07:01 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":null,\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_60f92a.jpg\",\"title\":\"Powerful telescope captures rogue galaxy colliding with another at 2 million mph\",\"name\":\"Powerful telescope captures rogue galaxy colliding with another at 2 million mph\",\"alt_text\":\"Powerful telescope captures rogue galaxy colliding with another at 2 million mph\",\"description\":\"Stephan's Quintet \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2022/034/01G7DA5ADA2WDSK1JJPQ0PTG4A\\\"\u003eNASA, ESA, CSA, STScI\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA violent clash of galaxies has been caught in unprecedented detail by one of the most powerful telescopes based in La Palma, Spain.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe collision was triggered by a rogue galaxy, hurtling through space at an incredibly high speed of 2 million miles per hour (3.2 million kilometers per hour). \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis cosmic speedster collided with Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, a group of five galaxies located 290 million light-years away.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$78\",\"$79\",\"$7a\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Stephan's Quintet \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2022/034/01G7DA5ADA2WDSK1JJPQ0PTG4A\\\"\u003eNASA, ESA, CSA, STScI\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jwst-unveils-galaxy-merger-13b-years-ago-defies-early-universe-models\\\"\u003eJWST unveils galaxy merger 13B-years ago, defies early universe models\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unexpectedly-calm-galaxy-cluster-discovered-84-billion-light-years-away-from-earth\\\"\u003e‘Unexpectedly calm’ galaxy cluster discovered 8.4 billion light-years away from Earth\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/andromeda-galaxy\\\"\u003eAndromeda Galaxy: everything you need to know about our galactic neighbor\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv 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recreate dinosaur calls by modeling Duck-billed dinosaur’s crest\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe team particularly focused on parasaurolophus, a duck-billed dinosaur that lived 70 million to 80 million years ago. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe team particularly focused on parasaurolophus, a duck-billed dinosaur that lived 70 million to 80 million years ago. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3816,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$7c\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/pterosaur-fossil-unlocks-secrets-of-flying-reptiles\\\"\u003eRare dinosaur-era fossil sheds light on evolution of flying reptiles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/84-million-year-old-armored-dinosaur-species-with-killer-tail-club-revealed-in-china\\\"\u003e84-million-year-old armored dinosaur species with killer tail club revealed in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/new-instrument-to-model-dinosaur-sounds\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21T21:30:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":null,\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 04:30 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":null,\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-11.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists recreate dinosaur calls by modeling Duck-billed dinosaur’s crest\",\"name\":\"Scientists recreate dinosaur calls by modeling Duck-billed dinosaur’s crest\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists recreate dinosaur calls by modeling Duck-billed dinosaur’s crest\",\"description\":\"Dinosaur Parasaurolophus in a landscape.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/dinosaur-parasaurolophus-in-a-landscape-gm1458780331-493290737?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMillion years ago, dinosaurs roamed the Earth, leaving behind a legacy etched in rocks. Fossils have given us a glimpse into their physical form, different species, traits, and even lifestyle.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile we can imagine their appearance, the sounds they made remain a mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, a new study suggests that these fossilized remains may also give insights into these giant creatures’ sounds.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers from New York University have created a unique pipe-like instrument inspired by the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s distinctive crest.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$7d\",\"$7e\",\"$7f\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOn the fun side, the researcher aims to create a user-friendly plug-in that will allow people to experiment with dinosaur sounds and incorporate them into their music compositions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe device was presented at the virtual 187th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-instrument-to-model-dinosaur-sounds\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Dinosaur Parasaurolophus in a landscape.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/dinosaur-parasaurolophus-in-a-landscape-gm1458780331-493290737?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/pterosaur-fossil-unlocks-secrets-of-flying-reptiles\\\"\u003eRare dinosaur-era fossil sheds light on evolution of flying reptiles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/84-million-year-old-armored-dinosaur-species-with-killer-tail-club-revealed-in-china\\\"\u003e84-million-year-old armored dinosaur species with killer tail club revealed in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv 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22:45:09\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The size of WJ1 was assessed using the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in Arizona.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T020714.554.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62711,\"name\":\"Kapil 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20:34:22\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"This work aimed to identify and enhance technologies applicable to future Army air vehicle propulsion systems and military electrified ground vehicles.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62711,\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil.kajal@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army\"},{\"id\":122523,\"title\":\"Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom's vision for supersonic flight\",\"slug\":\"supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22 19:34:47\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Join us as we explore Boom's journey to restarting commercial supersonic flight with their 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The process which has long been known to decompose and recycle organic matter may soon provide the building blocks to construct our future. The technology is owed to nonother than the mushroom- or more accurately, fungus. Fungi have dominated the world\u0026#8217;s undergrowth for millions of years. Their unique ability [\u0026hellip;]\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe future of construction is rotten. The process which has long been known to decompose and recycle organic matter may soon provide the building blocks to construct our future. The technology is owed to nonother than the mushroom- or more accurately, fungus. Fungi have dominated the world\u0026#8217;s undergrowth for millions of years. 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A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe world\u0026#8217;s first wind-powered carbon capture facility will be built in Tom Green County, Texas. Dubbed Project Concho, the facility aims to capture 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually beyond 2030 and will generate verified carbon credits of significant value, a press release said. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs the name suggests, direct air capture (DAC) technology allows for the capture of carbon directly from the air in an attempt to reduce the circulating CO2 in the atmosphere. This can help combat climate change and slow down the planet\u0026#8217;s warming. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a1\",\"$a2\",\"$a3\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Artist's rendering of a direct-air-capture facility powered by wind energy. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://returncarbon.nl/news/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500000-tons-annually\\\"\u003eReturn Carbon\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrochemical-reactor-reduce-energy-consumption-rice\\\"\u003eElectrochemical reactor could make direct air capture energy efficient\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/worlds-largest-carbon-removal-facility\\\"\u003ePhotos: World's largest carbon removal facility begins operations\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geothermal-energy-carbon-capture\\\"\u003eOhio State's innovative solution to reduce atmospheric CO2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122320,\"tags\":[\"battlespace\",\"directed energy\",\"Raytheon\",\"US Army\",\"wireless energy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"battlespace\",\"slug\":\"battlespace\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battlespace\"},{\"name\":\"directed energy\",\"slug\":\"directed-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/directed-energy\"},{\"name\":\"Raytheon\",\"slug\":\"raytheon\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/raytheon\"},{\"name\":\"US 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troops.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3437,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a5\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/darpa-laser-power-transfer\\\"\u003eDARPA is making Nikola Tesla’s dream of wireless energy a reality\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy\\\"\u003eNew report points to directed energy as the cause of ‘Havana Syndrome’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wireless-energy-transmission-darpa\\\"\u003eWireless energy transmission one step closer thanks to DARPA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/us-army-raytheon-directed-energy-wireless-power-beaming\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T11:35:21\",\"timeAgo\":\"18 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T11:35:29\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 06:35 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 06:35 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-93.png\",\"title\":\"US Army plans to beam wireless power to battlefields, cut fuel, battery needs\",\"name\":\"US Army plans to beam wireless power to battlefields, cut fuel, battery needs\",\"alt_text\":\"US Army plans to beam wireless power to battlefields, cut fuel, battery needs\",\"description\":\"Artistic representation of Raytheon's wireless energy transmission to perimeter security and advanced robotics.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://prd-sc102-cdn.rtx.com/-/media/rtx/s/skidplate-fob.jpg?rev=f78b53b839434bcb8d8c0096c563abd6\u0026amp;w=1600\u0026amp;hash=72D525EF5EA80AB99E3EB495F5B2A6B7\\\"\u003eRaytheon\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army has awarded Raytheon, an RTX business, a contract to work on directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe contract aims to build capabilities that will distribute power across the battlefield, simplify logistics, and safeguard locations for US troops.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe move has been carried out with an intention to make logistics simpler for the US troops by removing the need for moving fuel and batteries across the battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe directed energy wireless power system, once developed, would be able to beam energy directly to the units and systems that need it to function.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAny army formation is dependent on a large number of food, ammunition, surveillance and strike capabilities. Their mobility is dependent on the supply lines functioning efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWith modernization, there is a growing need for power in almost all departments on the battlefield – especially with the increasing role of drones, and other unmanned systems. This leads to a lot of batteries being carried, even by soldiers in their backpacks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA battery running out of power on the battlefield \u0026#8211; where recharging is not an option \u0026#8211; can slow down the progress of an individual – and, as a result, the whole formation. Therefore, the directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities can be a game-changer in the long run.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a6\",\"$a7\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAt the time, DARPA had predicted that the tech could also be used in civilian situations to provide relief in case of natural disasters and power up devices in remote regions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-raytheon-directed-energy-wireless-power-beaming\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Artistic representation of Raytheon's wireless energy transmission to perimeter security and advanced robotics.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://prd-sc102-cdn.rtx.com/-/media/rtx/s/skidplate-fob.jpg?rev=f78b53b839434bcb8d8c0096c563abd6\u0026amp;w=1600\u0026amp;hash=72D525EF5EA80AB99E3EB495F5B2A6B7\\\"\u003eRaytheon\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/darpa-laser-power-transfer\\\"\u003eDARPA is making Nikola Tesla’s dream of wireless energy a reality\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy\\\"\u003eNew report points to directed energy as the cause of ‘Havana Syndrome’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wireless-energy-transmission-darpa\\\"\u003eWireless energy transmission one step closer thanks to DARPA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122314,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"thermal energy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"thermal energy\",\"slug\":\"thermal-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/thermal-energy\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$a8\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4421,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a9\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:55 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:56 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"alt_text\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$aa\",\"$ab\",\"$ac\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122292,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"malaria\",\"vaccine\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"malaria\",\"slug\":\"malaria\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/malaria\"},{\"name\":\"vaccine\",\"slug\":\"vaccine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/vaccine\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$ad\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis technique gave the immune system a powerful boost, shielding people from the disease.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis technique gave the immune system a powerful boost, shielding people from the disease.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3791,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ae\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\\\"\u003eCommon kitchen soap key to fighting malaria\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\\\"\u003eCan gene editing end malaria? Burkina Faso leads the way\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-engineer-mosquitos-to-spread-anti-malaria-genes\\\"\u003eScientists Engineer Mosquitos to Spread Antimalaria Genes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:38:39\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:38:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:38 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:38 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\",\"title\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"name\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"alt_text\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"description\":\"Representational image of mosquito feeding on a human host.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/culex-pipiens-feeding-on-a-human-host-macro-of-common-house-mosquito-sucking-blood-gm1325731071-410658362?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMalaria, a disease that has plagued humanity for centuries, continues to claim millions of lives each year. But scientists may have found a new way to combat this deadly disease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn clinical trials, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver the malaria vaccine safely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis novel vaccination strategy involves using genetically modified mosquitoes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$af\",\"$b0\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants were divided into three groups: one group received the GA2 vaccine, another received an earlier version (GA1), and the control group received bites from uninfected mosquitoes. The primary goal was to assess the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to prevent malaria infection and its safety profile.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAfter three weeks, both groups were exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes to assess their level of protection.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBefore being exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes, both groups showed increased antibody levels. However, the GA1 group had a lower protection rate (13 percent) compared to the group bitten by GA2 parasite at 89 percent. The only reported side effects were minor itching from the mosquito bites.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Protective efficacy against subsequent controlled human malaria infection was observed in 8 of 9 participants (89 percent) in the GA2 group, in 1 of 8 participants (13 percent) in the GA1 group, and in 0 of 3 participants in the placebo group,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUp next, the researchers plan to conduct a larger trial. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach could significantly reduce the global burden of malaria, particularly in regions where the disease is most prevalent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial findings were published in \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New England Journal of Medicine. \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of mosquito feeding on a human host.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/culex-pipiens-feeding-on-a-human-host-macro-of-common-house-mosquito-sucking-blood-gm1325731071-410658362?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\\\"\u003eCommon kitchen soap key to fighting malaria\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\\\"\u003eCan gene editing end malaria? Burkina Faso leads the way\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-engineer-mosquitos-to-spread-anti-malaria-genes\\\"\u003eScientists Engineer Mosquitos to Spread Antimalaria Genes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":122535,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"light\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"light\",\"slug\":\"light\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/light\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$b1\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eOur gadgets don’t get outdated; they are meant to turn obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eOur gadgets don’t get outdated; they are meant to turn obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":8146,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$b2\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\\\"\u003eHere’s why planned obsolescence is bad for the environment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eShould You Have the Right to Repair Products You Own?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eBig Tech Comes Under Fire Over Right to Repair\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:01\",\"timeAgo\":\"8 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T22:07:10\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:07 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:07 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Light.png\",\"title\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"name\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"alt_text\":\"Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out\",\"description\":\"Imagine a never-ending light bulb; it's simply bad business for light shops \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-photography-of-light-bulbs-2764942/\\\"\u003eJoy Singh/Pexels\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eImagine a light bulb that has been burning since 1901. Nestled in a quiet Californian fire station, the Centennial Light challenges today\u0026#8217;s disposable culture, offering a glimpse into a past where products were built to last. This historical anomaly sets the stage for a broader examination of how planned obsolescence has become embedded in the fabric of our consumer electronics industry, from light bulbs to smartphones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b3\",\"$b4\",\"$b5\",\"$b6\",\"$b7\",\"$b8\",\"$b9\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Imagine a never-ending light bulb; it's simply bad business for light shops \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-photography-of-light-bulbs-2764942/\\\"\u003eJoy Singh/Pexels\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/planned-obsolescence-environment\\\"\u003eHere’s why planned obsolescence is bad for the environment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eShould You Have the Right to Repair Products You Own?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/big-tech-comes-under-fire-over-right-to-repair\\\"\u003eBig Tech Comes Under Fire Over Right to Repair\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122376,\"tags\":[\"cave\",\"Gibraltar\",\"glue\",\"Neanderthals\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"cave\",\"slug\":\"cave\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/cave\"},{\"name\":\"Gibraltar\",\"slug\":\"gibraltar\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/gibraltar\"},{\"name\":\"glue\",\"slug\":\"glue\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/glue\"},{\"name\":\"Neanderthals\",\"slug\":\"neanderthals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/neanderthals\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$ba\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis discovery highlights the Neanderthals\u0026#8217; cognitive abilities and their sophisticated use of fire for complex tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis discovery highlights the Neanderthals\u0026#8217; cognitive abilities and their sophisticated use of fire for complex tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4425,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$bb\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\\\"\u003eNeanderthals' secret weapon revealed in ancient tool study\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ranis-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-coexisted\\\"\u003eHomo sapiens coexisted with Neanderthals before extinction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch5 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\\\"\u003eNeanderthal children collected ancient fossils like modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h5\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:00:47\",\"timeAgo\":\"17 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:18\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:00 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:25 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/fsfsdf.jpg\",\"title\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\",\"name\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\",\"alt_text\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\",\"description\":\"A Neanderthal model from the Britain One Million Years of the Human Story exhibition.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/content/dam/nhmwww/press-office/press-image-archive/2015/homo-sapiens-and-neanderthal-models-news.jpg.thumb.1160.1160.jpg\\\"\u003eNatural History Museum\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFor centuries, Neanderthals were often portrayed as primitive, brutish beings. But a new discovery has challenged this long-held stereotype.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA Neanderthal glue-making structure has been uncovered at Vanguard Cave in Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eArchaeologists found a specialized hearth or “burning structure,” which they believe was used to create a prehistoric superglue: birch tar.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery provides evidence of their advanced fire-using techniques, suggesting Neanderthals were more intelligent than previously 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She has been an editor in every space and content type imaginable, from children's books to journal articles. She enjoys popular culture, reading contemporary fiction and nonfiction, crafts, and spending time with her cats. With a keen interest in science, Srishti is particularly drawn to beats covering medicine, sustainability, gene studies, and anything biology-related.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Zayed National Museum (ZNM) in Abu Dhabi have uncovered hidden text beneath intricate gold leaf patterns on a page of the Blue Quran.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis ninth-century manuscript is famed for its indigo-dyed sheepskin pages, gold Kufic calligraphy, and silver embellishments. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNurul Iman Bint Rusli, the curator at ZNM, highlighted the importance of technology in uncovering these hidden layers of history. “Only one copy of the Blue Quran is thought to exist and the 100 or so of its known pages have fascinated scholars for many decades.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c1\",\"$c2\",\"$c3\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The Blue Qur’an, one of the world’s most well-known and recognisable Qur’an manuscripts and most important examples of Islamic calligraphy.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://zayednationalmuseum.ae/en/about/news-and-press/news-and-press-listing-page/the-blue-quran\\\"\u003eZayed National Museum\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/2000-year-old-most-important-roman-road-unearthed-in-london\\\"\u003e2,000-year-old ‘most important’ Roman road unearthed in southeast London\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/500-million-year-old-worm-fossil-traces-origins-of-insects-and-arachnids\\\"\u003e500-million-year-old nematode worm fossil unearthed in Australia\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/16th-century-coins-valued-over-120000-unearthed-in-poland\\\"\u003e16th-century coin hoard valued over $120,000 unearthed by father, son in 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Counter-Strike became my unlikely ally after losing an eye \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe author shares how Counter-Strike\u0026#8217;s fast-paced gameplay helped him adapt to single-eye vision, turning virtual combat into practical lessons in spatial awareness.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe author shares how Counter-Strike\u0026#8217;s fast-paced gameplay helped him adapt to single-eye vision, turning virtual combat into practical lessons in spatial awareness.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4563,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c5\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/youtuber-rock-paper-scissors-robot-rocky\\\"\u003eRock-paper-scissors robot wins 100% games, inventor bets $10,000 to defeat it\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-patient-play-counter-strike\\\"\u003eNeuralink’s second paralyzed patient plays Counter-Strike 2 with thoughts\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mastering-the-game-top-five-global-gamer-collector\\\"\u003eMastering the game: the phenomenal journey of a top five global gamer and collector\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/life-skills-eye-counter-strike\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-20T19:23:25\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-20T19:34:54\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 20, 2024 02:23 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 20, 2024 02:34 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_350446.jpg\",\"title\":\"How Counter-Strike became my unlikely ally after losing an eye \",\"name\":\"How Counter-Strike became my unlikely ally after losing an eye \",\"alt_text\":\"How Counter-Strike became my unlikely ally after losing an eye \",\"description\":\"Representative image of a gamer.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/competitor-takes-part-in-a-match-at-the-epiclan-esport-news-photo/1180735053?adppopup=true\\\"\u003eLeon Neal/Getty Images\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, a life-altering accident cost me my right eye, launching me into a challenging journey of surgeries, adjustments, and new realities. A year and a half later, I found an unlikely ally in the first-person shooter game Counter-Strike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCan a fast-paced first-person shooter reflect the real-world challenges of adapting to monocular vision? Surprisingly, to some extent, yes. In Counter-Strike, players must constantly scan their surroundings for threats and make split-second decisions based on limited information. Similarly, living with one eye demands heightened attentiveness, rapid reactions, and sharp spatial awareness to navigate a reduced field of vision effectively.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c6\",\"$c7\",\"$c8\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile prosthetics, cosmetic procedures, and specialized optics can address physical changes, what matters most is developing a confident mindset as you embrace this new chapter of your life.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/life-skills-eye-counter-strike\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image of a gamer.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/competitor-takes-part-in-a-match-at-the-epiclan-esport-news-photo/1180735053?adppopup=true\\\"\u003eLeon Neal/Getty Images\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/youtuber-rock-paper-scissors-robot-rocky\\\"\u003eRock-paper-scissors robot wins 100% games, inventor bets $10,000 to defeat it\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-patient-play-counter-strike\\\"\u003eNeuralink’s second paralyzed patient plays Counter-Strike 2 with thoughts\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mastering-the-game-top-five-global-gamer-collector\\\"\u003eMastering the game: the phenomenal journey of a top five global gamer and collector\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":121800,\"tags\":[\"fossil\",\"Neanderthals\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"fossil\",\"slug\":\"fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossil\"},{\"name\":\"Neanderthals\",\"slug\":\"neanderthals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/neanderthals\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Culture\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/culture\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c9\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"culture\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":6,\"title\":\"Neanderthals were avid collectors, suggests 40,000-year-old fossils from Spain\u0026#8217;s cave\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the traditional view of Neanderthals as primitive beings.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the traditional view of Neanderthals as primitive beings.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3271,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ca\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\\\"\u003eNeanderthals' secret weapon revealed in ancient tool study\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ranis-homo-sapiens-neanderthals-coexisted\\\"\u003eHomo sapiens coexisted with Neanderthals before extinction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/fossil-first-down-syndrome-in-neanderthals\\\"\u003eFossil reveals first case of Down syndrome in Neanderthals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-20T17:08:14\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-20T17:10:11\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 20, 2024 12:08 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 20, 2024 12:10 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-9.jpg\",\"title\":\"Neanderthals were avid collectors, suggests 40,000-year-old fossils from Spain\u0026#8217;s cave\",\"name\":\"Neanderthals were avid collectors, suggests 40,000-year-old fossils from Spain\u0026#8217;s cave\",\"alt_text\":\"Neanderthals were avid collectors, suggests 40,000-year-old fossils from Spain\u0026#8217;s cave\",\"description\":\"Researchers claimed that Neanderthals, like humans, may have found joy in collecting objects. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/tribe-of-four-hunter-gatherers-wearing-animal-skin-holding-stone-tipped-tools-pose-gm1194512908-340165395\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003egorodenkoff\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eRecent archaeological findings have revealed a fascinating aspect of Neanderthal behavior: their penchant for collecting.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have unearthed a collection of 15 marine fossils, which seem to be carefully chosen and kept.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis evidence of “earlier collectors” was found in the Prado Vargas Cave in northern Spain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis find reveals that Neanderthals may have been avid collectors — with a taste for marine fossils — much like humans today.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$cb\",\"$cc\",\"$cd\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers claimed that Neanderthals, like humans, may have found joy in collecting objects. 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\\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/fossil-first-down-syndrome-in-neanderthals\\\"\u003eFossil reveals first case of Down syndrome in Neanderthals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":122284,\"tags\":[\"China\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear weapons\",\"Russia\",\"US\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"China\",\"slug\":\"china\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear\",\"slug\":\"nuclear\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear 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simultaneously.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eOne of the key highlights of the report is that the US plans to deter multiple nuclear-armed adversaries simultaneously.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4679,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$cf\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\\\"\u003ePutin’s new nuclear rules shock West as Ukraine strikes Russia with US missile\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\\\"\u003eRussia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\\\"\u003eChina’s nuclear arsenal growing ‘faster than any other country’: 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2021.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg/800px-F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg?20230514214830\\\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. 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Furthermore, the possible lack of a nuclear arms control agreement after February 2025 might warrant an even more focused approach.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d0\",\"$d1\",\"$d2\",\"$d3\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":1,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A F-35 jet dropping an inert B61-12 during first trial in 2021.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg/800px-F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg?20230514214830\\\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\\\"\u003ePutin’s new nuclear rules shock West as Ukraine strikes Russia with US missile\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\\\"\u003eRussia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\\\"\u003eChina’s nuclear arsenal growing ‘faster than any other country’: Report\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122275,\"tags\":[\"3d printing\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"3d printing\",\"slug\":\"3d-printing\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/3d-printing\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d4\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3339,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d5\",\"related_content\":\"$d6\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T08:21:21\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T08:21:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 03:21 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 03:21 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-12.jpg\",\"title\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"name\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"alt_text\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"description\":\"Researchers test their nanoink and printer technologies during a NASA microgravity flight. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://phys.org/news/2024-11-nanoink-technologies-enable-electronics-production.html\\\"\u003eShan Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. This means astronauts will be able to print electronic components right in space.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis crucial development comes from the US-based Iowa State University.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe team conducted experiments on NASA\u0026#8217;s microgravity flights to test their technology. These flights simulate zero gravity by flying in parabolic arcs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d7\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the use of electric fields helps overcome the limitations of gravity, enabling precise 3D printing in the absence of gravity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTo evaluate the technique, the team fastened the printer to the floor of a NASA plane for a microgravity flight experiment.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe plane would soar to 32,000 feet, then dive back down to 24,000 feet over Florida. This created brief periods of “pure zero gravity.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It was exciting and new,\u0026#8221; said Shan Jiang, the lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBut printing in zero gravity is no easy feat. Even a few seconds of weightlessness can make it tough to keep things steady, unlike the stable conditions on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, on the first flight, the printer wasn\u0026#8217;t tied down tightly enough to handle the plane\u0026#8217;s shaking and jolting.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These are very intense experiments that require a lot of teamwork and preparation,\u0026#8221; Jiang said.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d8\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers test their nanoink and printer technologies during a NASA microgravity 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telescope captures rogue galaxy colliding with another at 2 million mph\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis cosmic speedster collided with Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, a group of five galaxies located 290 million light-years away. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis cosmic speedster collided with Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, a group of five galaxies located 290 million light-years away. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3641,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$db\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jwst-unveils-galaxy-merger-13b-years-ago-defies-early-universe-models\\\"\u003eJWST unveils galaxy merger 13B-years ago, defies early universe models\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unexpectedly-calm-galaxy-cluster-discovered-84-billion-light-years-away-from-earth\\\"\u003e‘Unexpectedly calm’ galaxy cluster discovered 8.4 billion light-years away from Earth\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/andromeda-galaxy\\\"\u003eAndromeda Galaxy: everything you need to know about our galactic neighbor\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/galactic-smash-up-captured-in-stunning-detail\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T00:01:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":null,\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 07:01 PM 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Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA violent clash of galaxies has been caught in unprecedented detail by one of the most powerful telescopes based in La Palma, Spain.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe collision was triggered by a rogue galaxy, hurtling through space at an incredibly high speed of 2 million miles per hour (3.2 million kilometers per hour). \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis cosmic speedster collided with Stephan\u0026#8217;s Quintet, a group of five galaxies located 290 million light-years 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\\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unexpectedly-calm-galaxy-cluster-discovered-84-billion-light-years-away-from-earth\\\"\u003e‘Unexpectedly calm’ galaxy cluster discovered 8.4 billion light-years away from Earth\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/andromeda-galaxy\\\"\u003eAndromeda Galaxy: everything you need to know about our galactic neighbor\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv 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recreate dinosaur calls by modeling Duck-billed dinosaur’s crest\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe team particularly focused on parasaurolophus, a duck-billed dinosaur that lived 70 million to 80 million years ago. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe team particularly focused on parasaurolophus, a duck-billed dinosaur that lived 70 million to 80 million years ago. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3816,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$e0\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/pterosaur-fossil-unlocks-secrets-of-flying-reptiles\\\"\u003eRare dinosaur-era fossil sheds light on evolution of flying reptiles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/84-million-year-old-armored-dinosaur-species-with-killer-tail-club-revealed-in-china\\\"\u003e84-million-year-old armored dinosaur species with killer tail club revealed in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/new-instrument-to-model-dinosaur-sounds\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21T21:30:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":null,\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 04:30 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":null,\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-11.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists recreate dinosaur calls by modeling Duck-billed dinosaur’s crest\",\"name\":\"Scientists recreate dinosaur calls by modeling Duck-billed dinosaur’s crest\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists recreate dinosaur calls by modeling Duck-billed dinosaur’s crest\",\"description\":\"Dinosaur Parasaurolophus in a landscape.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/dinosaur-parasaurolophus-in-a-landscape-gm1458780331-493290737?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMillion years ago, dinosaurs roamed the Earth, leaving behind a legacy etched in rocks. Fossils have given us a glimpse into their physical form, different species, traits, and even lifestyle.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhile we can imagine their appearance, the sounds they made remain a mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, a new study suggests that these fossilized remains may also give insights into these giant creatures’ sounds.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers from New York University have created a unique pipe-like instrument inspired by the dinosaur\u0026#8217;s distinctive crest.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$e1\",\"$e2\",\"$e3\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOn the fun side, the researcher aims to create a user-friendly plug-in that will allow people to experiment with dinosaur sounds and incorporate them into their music compositions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe device was presented at the virtual 187th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-instrument-to-model-dinosaur-sounds\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Dinosaur Parasaurolophus in a landscape.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/dinosaur-parasaurolophus-in-a-landscape-gm1458780331-493290737?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/pterosaur-fossil-unlocks-secrets-of-flying-reptiles\\\"\u003eRare dinosaur-era fossil sheds light on evolution of flying reptiles\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/84-million-year-old-armored-dinosaur-species-with-killer-tail-club-revealed-in-china\\\"\u003e84-million-year-old armored dinosaur species with killer tail club revealed in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv 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20:34:22\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"This work aimed to identify and enhance technologies applicable to future Army air vehicle propulsion systems and military electrified ground vehicles.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-23T005911.488.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62711,\"name\":\"Kapil 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