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1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need" title="US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere" title="US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide">US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/autonomous-robotic-cameras-in-stratosphere" title="US deploys first-ever autonomous robotic cameras in stratosphere nationwide"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl" title="World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created">World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta" title="Srishti Gupta" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Srishti Gupta</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-thinnest-spaghetti-created-ucl" title="World’s thinnest spaghetti that's 200 times thinner than a human hair created"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy" title="New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells">New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 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9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy" title="New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr" title="Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors">Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr" title="Carbon fiber cathodes to power next-gen small modular nuclear fusion reactors"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine" title="Russia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack">Russia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 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0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 1</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine" title="Russia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech" title="Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech">Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 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7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drones-to-soar-without-gps-using-fingerprint-tech" title="Drones to soar without GPS using unique fingerprint-inspired navigation tech"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us" title="Big US 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8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us" title="Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost" title="Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant">Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 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10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/tokamak-energy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-gets-funding-boost" title="Egg-shaped nuclear fusion reactor lands big backing for 880 MW power plant"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold" title="Hidden secret text found beneath gold leaf on 1,000-year-old ancient Blue Quran">Hidden secret text found beneath gold leaf on 1,000-year-old ancient Blue Quran</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta" title="Srishti Gupta" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Srishti Gupta</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 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9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ancient-blue-quran-reveals-new-text-hidden-gold" title="Hidden secret text found beneath gold leaf on 1,000-year-old ancient Blue Quran"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/black-hole-singularity-remains-hidden" title="'Cosmic censorship' confirmed: New quantum model unlocks black hole singularities">'Cosmic censorship' confirmed: New quantum model unlocks black hole singularities</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt" title="Rupendra Brahambhatt" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Rupendra Brahambhatt</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">42 minutes ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/black-hole-singularity-remains-hidden" title="'Cosmic censorship' confirmed: New quantum model unlocks black hole singularities"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3 t-bg-surface-premium t-p-6 dark:t-bg-transparent"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-flex t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center"><svg width="19" height="16" viewBox="0 0 19 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 0H18.1111C18.602 0 19 0.397969 19 0.888889V16H0V0Z" fill="#FAF0E1"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.4686 4.84995V3.83745V2.82496H5.27474V12.95H10.5662L10.0294 10.9305H7.29808V8.89722H10.5662V7.69077V6.8777H7.29808V4.84448L11.4686 4.84995Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M4.25828 2.82495L1.84985 2.82496V12.95H4.25828V2.82495Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M10.9623 10.925L11.4685 12.95H12.9873V14.975H15.0123V12.95H17.0373V10.925H15.0123V8.89996H12.9873V10.925H11.9748H10.9623Z" fill="#FF9900"></path></svg></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry" title="How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry">How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young" title="Chris Young" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Chris Young</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">an hour ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry" title="How vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/space" title="Space"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Space</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid" title="Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event">Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">10 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid" title="Scientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb" title="Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out">Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2" title="Kaif Shaikh" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kaif Shaikh</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">10 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/planned-obsolesce-light-bulb" title="Why our tech fails us: Learning from century-old light bulb that never goes out"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army" title="GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet">GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">12 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-us-army" title="GE Aerospace demos 1MW hybrid electric propulsion system for US Army’s air, land fleet"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight" title="Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom's vision for supersonic flight">Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom's vision for supersonic flight</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">13 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/supersonic-travel-returns-inside-booms-vision-for-supersonic-flight" title="Supersonic travel returns: inside Boom's vision for supersonic flight"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine" title="World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency">World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">13 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-underwater-boron-ramjet-engine" title="World’s first underwater boron ramjet for hypersonic weapons achieves 90% efficiency"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none 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body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">14 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles" title="US Navy submarines to re-arm with 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dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Space</div></a></div><div class="t-flex t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center"><svg width="19" height="16" viewBox="0 0 19 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 0H18.1111C18.602 0 19 0.397969 19 0.888889V16H0V0Z" fill="#FAF0E1"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.4686 4.84995V3.83745V2.82496H5.27474V12.95H10.5662L10.0294 10.9305H7.29808V8.89722H10.5662V7.69077V6.8777H7.29808V4.84448L11.4686 4.84995Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M4.25828 2.82495L1.84985 2.82496V12.95H4.25828V2.82495Z" fill="#007FC0"></path><path d="M10.9623 10.925L11.4685 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9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/halospace-aurora-balloon-tourism" title="How Halo Space's 'Aurora' balloons bring near-space tourism to the masses"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/health" title="Health"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Health</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/health/fully-robotic-double-lung-transplant-nyu" title="NYU performs world's first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone">NYU performs world's first fully robotic double lung transplant in medical milestone</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">16 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" 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class="article-badges t-flex-wrap md:t-gap-[8px] t-gap-[8px] t-flex"><li class="t-flex"><a class="t-flex" href="/energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 t-capitalize t-px-2 t-py-1">Energy</div></a></li></ul><h1 class="content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading">Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power</h1><h4 class="article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA"><p>Kairos’ power plant will feature 35-MWth reactors with a combined generation capacity of 20 MWe. </p> </h4><time class="t-mt-4 t-text-sm t-text-gray-500"><b>Updated:</b> Nov 21, 2024 05:54 AM EST</time></div></div><section class="t-flex t-justify-center max-md:t-flex-col t-mt-6 max-md:t-mt-0 md:t-mt-[0]"><div class="t-w-full md:t-w-[60%] t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="article-heading"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-1"></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-justify-between headingSection_author_info__s8Xap"><div class="author-info t-flex t-justify-left t-gap-2 headingSection_article_info_left__Wirfv"><div class="headingSection_author_info__avatar__LEJVf"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja"><img src="https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/Uy0OTzksC7lW.jpg" alt="Ameya Paleja" class="t-w-full md:t-w-[50px] headingSection_author_info__image___0MRY"/></a></div><div><p class="h4-style-desktop t-font-bold braintree-heading headingSection_text_no_wrap__9jTRs"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja">Ameya Paleja</a></p><ul class="author-social-links Author_socialLinks__pJtg4"><li><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" target="_blank" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#3d5c5058445c134d5c5158575c7d545349584f584e4954535a58535a545358584f54535a135e5250"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none"><path class="Author_svgPathStrokeColor__dJDYC" d="M2.25 7.75L10.4149 13.4654C11.0761 13.9283 11.4067 14.1597 11.7663 14.2493C12.0839 14.3285 12.4161 14.3285 12.7337 14.2493C13.0933 14.1597 13.4239 13.9283 14.0851 13.4654L22.25 7.75M7.05 20.75H17.45C19.1302 20.75 19.9702 20.75 20.612 20.423C21.1765 20.1354 21.6354 19.6765 21.923 19.112C22.25 18.4702 22.25 17.6302 22.25 15.95V9.55C22.25 7.86984 22.25 7.02976 21.923 6.38803C21.6354 5.82354 21.1765 5.3646 20.612 5.07698C19.9702 4.75 19.1302 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class="t-flex t-justify-between article-thumbnail--info t-mt-2"><p class="article-thumbnail--description body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third">Artist's rendering of molten salt reactor to be built by Kairos Power in the US. </p><p class="article-thumbnail--reference body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third"><a href="https://kairospower.com/external_updates/nuclear-regulatory-commission-approves-construction-permits-for-hermes-2-demonstration-plant/">Kairos Power</a></p></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="body-content true articleBody_firstLetter__fWMYV body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has approved the construction of the first-ever molten-salt reactor that will power the grid in the US. The approval was granted to Kairos Power, which is currently building the Hermes Low-Power Demonstration Reactor at the Heritage Center Industrial Park in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.</p> <p>As the world looks for carbon-free approaches to meeting its energy demands, nuclear fission technology is poised for a comeback. Even before the 2011 Fukushima disaster, work was underway to improve the safety features of nuclear reactors. </p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Generation IV nuclear power is the umbrella term for nuclear fission technology, which is designed to avert the leak of radioactive material even in extreme scenarios such as earthquakes and generates energy with much higher fuel efficiency. </p> <p><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-molten-salt-reactors-could-lead-to-the-next-energy-production-boom" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">Molten-salt reactors</a> are one of the many different approaches that scientists are using to achieve Gen IV nuclear power. Here, the nuclear fuel is either mixed in molten salt or embedded in graphite, while the molten salt is used as a coolant, and the operation proceeds at high temperatures. Kairos Power uses the latter approach for its Hermes reactors. </p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Kairos’ approach to nuclear energy</h2> <p>Tennessee-based Kairos Power’s nuclear plant design features a graphite-moderated pebble-bed reactor with fluoride salt as its coolant. It uses tri-structural ISOtropic (TRISO) particle fuel, which is “randomly packed” in pebble form inside the reactor. The reactor has a <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/haleu-fuel-weaponization-risk" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">high-assay low-enriched uranium</a> (HALEU) enrichment of nearly 20 percent. </p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Founded in 2016, Kairos Power uses a rapid iterative development approach. It uses iterative hardware demonstrations to clear regulatory hurdles and develop in-house manufacturing capability to de-risk its technology and supply chain. </p> <p>As part of its iterative process, the company has built Engineering Test Units (ETUs) at its Albuquerque and Oak Ridge facilities. Under controlled conditions, these units use non-nuclear tests to validate their critical system components, such as coolant flow and heat transfer rates. </p> <p>The next step in the company’s development approach is building the Hermes reactors. </p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg" alt="Hermes Molten salt reactor" class="wp-image-121984" srcset="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Schematic of the molten salt reactor Hermes to be used by Kairos Power to supply energy to the grid. Image credit: <a href="https://kairospower.com/technology/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Kairos Power</a></figcaption></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-to-power-the-grid">To power the grid</h2> <p>In December 2023, Kairos Power received the NRC nod for building the Hermes Low-power Demonstration Reactor (Hermes 1), the first Gen IV reactor to receive construction approval in the US. This non-power reactor will be built only to demonstrate system integration and operational safety. </p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>With the recent approval, the NRC has given Kairos the go-ahead to build a power plant that will eventually supply power to the grid. Dubbed Hermes 2, the power plant will be sited next to Hermes 1 and will feature two 35-MWth reactors with a combined generation capacity of 20 MWe. Hermes 2 will replicate complete plant architecture at a reduced scale while supplying carbon-free energy to the grid. </p> <p>Not only has Kairos succeeded in getting approvals from the NRC for Hermes 2, but it has also achieved this in 16 months. The company attributes this to extensive pre-application engagement with the NRC dating back to 2018. </p> <p>The NRC is also looking to simply its regulatory approvals for future projects. “While keeping safety at the forefront, the permitting process was quite efficient, and we issued these permits in less than 18 months,” said Christopher Hanson, NRC Chair, in a <a href="https://www.nrc.gov/cdn/doc-collection-news/2024/24-081.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">press release</a>. </p></div></div><div class="recommendedArticle_recommended_article__ENN1_"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div><h4 class="recommended-article--title overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">RECOMMENDED ARTICLES</h4><div class="OUTBRAIN" data-widget-id="GS_11"></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>“This shows we can rapidly apply relevant conclusions from earlier reviews to promptly reach decisions on new reactors.”</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe loading="lazy" title="Amazing Footage From a Nuclear Power Plant Construction" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wwBmHaKkGMs?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; 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The approval was granted to Kairos Power, which is currently building the Hermes Low-Power Demonstration Reactor at the Heritage Center Industrial Park in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the world looks for carbon-free approaches to meeting its energy demands, nuclear fission technology is poised for a comeback. Even before the 2011 Fukushima disaster, work was underway to improve the safety features of nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeneration IV nuclear power is the umbrella term for nuclear fission technology, which is designed to avert the leak of radioactive material even in extreme scenarios such as earthquakes and generates energy with much higher fuel efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-molten-salt-reactors-could-lead-to-the-next-energy-production-boom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMolten-salt reactors\u003c/a\u003e are one of the many different approaches that scientists are using to achieve Gen IV nuclear power. Here, the nuclear fuel is either mixed in molten salt or embedded in graphite, while the molten salt is used as a coolant, and the operation proceeds at high temperatures. Kairos Power uses the latter approach for its Hermes reactors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eKairos’ approach to nuclear energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTennessee-based Kairos Power’s nuclear plant design features a graphite-moderated pebble-bed reactor with fluoride salt as its coolant. It uses tri-structural ISOtropic (TRISO) particle fuel, which is “randomly packed” in pebble form inside the reactor. The reactor has a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/haleu-fuel-weaponization-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigh-assay low-enriched uranium\u003c/a\u003e (HALEU) enrichment of nearly 20 percent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2016, Kairos Power uses a rapid iterative development approach. It uses iterative hardware demonstrations to clear regulatory hurdles and develop in-house manufacturing capability to de-risk its technology and supply chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of its iterative process, the company has built Engineering Test Units (ETUs) at its Albuquerque and Oak Ridge facilities. Under controlled conditions, these units use non-nuclear tests to validate their critical system components, such as coolant flow and heat transfer rates.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe next step in the company’s development approach is building the Hermes reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg\" alt=\"Hermes Molten salt reactor\" class=\"wp-image-121984\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eSchematic of the molten salt reactor Hermes to be used by Kairos Power to supply energy to the grid. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://kairospower.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKairos Power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-to-power-the-grid\"\u003eTo power the grid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn December 2023, Kairos Power received the NRC nod for building the Hermes Low-power Demonstration Reactor (Hermes 1), the first Gen IV reactor to receive construction approval in the US. This non-power reactor will be built only to demonstrate system integration and operational safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the recent approval, the NRC has given Kairos the go-ahead to build a power plant that will eventually supply power to the grid. Dubbed Hermes 2, the power plant will be sited next to Hermes 1 and will feature two 35-MWth reactors with a combined generation capacity of 20 MWe. Hermes 2 will replicate complete plant architecture at a reduced scale while supplying carbon-free energy to the grid.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNot only has Kairos succeeded in getting approvals from the NRC for Hermes 2, but it has also achieved this in 16 months. The company attributes this to extensive pre-application engagement with the NRC dating back to 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe NRC is also looking to simply its regulatory approvals for future projects. “While keeping safety at the forefront, the permitting process was quite efficient, and we issued these permits in less than 18 months,” said Christopher Hanson, NRC Chair, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrc.gov/cdn/doc-collection-news/2024/24-081.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This shows we can rapidly apply relevant conclusions from earlier reviews to promptly reach decisions on new reactors.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Amazing Footage From a Nuclear Power Plant Construction\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/wwBmHaKkGMs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1e:T544,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeneration IV nuclear power is the umbrella term for nuclear fission technology, which is designed to avert the leak of radioactive material even in extreme scenarios such as earthquakes and generates energy with much higher fuel efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-molten-salt-reactors-could-lead-to-the-next-energy-production-boom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMolten-salt reactors\u003c/a\u003e are one of the many different approaches that scientists are using to achieve Gen IV nuclear power. Here, the nuclear fuel is either mixed in molten salt or embedded in graphite, while the molten salt is used as a coolant, and the operation proceeds at high temperatures. Kairos Power uses the latter approach for its Hermes reactors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eKairos’ approach to nuclear energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTennessee-based Kairos Power’s nuclear plant design features a graphite-moderated pebble-bed reactor with fluoride salt as its coolant. It uses tri-structural ISOtropic (TRISO) particle fuel, which is “randomly packed” in pebble form inside the reactor. The reactor has a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/haleu-fuel-weaponization-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigh-assay low-enriched uranium\u003c/a\u003e (HALEU) enrichment of nearly 20 percent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1f:T7e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2016, Kairos Power uses a rapid iterative development approach. It uses iterative hardware demonstrations to clear regulatory hurdles and develop in-house manufacturing capability to de-risk its technology and supply chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of its iterative process, the company has built Engineering Test Units (ETUs) at its Albuquerque and Oak Ridge facilities. Under controlled conditions, these units use non-nuclear tests to validate their critical system components, such as coolant flow and heat transfer rates.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe next step in the company’s development approach is building the Hermes reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg\" alt=\"Hermes Molten salt reactor\" class=\"wp-image-121984\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eSchematic of the molten salt reactor Hermes to be used by Kairos Power to supply energy to the grid. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://kairospower.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKairos Power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-to-power-the-grid\"\u003eTo power the grid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn December 2023, Kairos Power received the NRC nod for building the Hermes Low-power Demonstration Reactor (Hermes 1), the first Gen IV reactor to receive construction approval in the US. This non-power reactor will be built only to demonstrate system integration and operational safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"20:T43a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the recent approval, the NRC has given Kairos the go-ahead to build a power plant that will eventually supply power to the grid. Dubbed Hermes 2, the power plant will be sited next to Hermes 1 and will feature two 35-MWth reactors with a combined generation capacity of 20 MWe. Hermes 2 will replicate complete plant architecture at a reduced scale while supplying carbon-free energy to the grid.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNot only has Kairos succeeded in getting approvals from the NRC for Hermes 2, but it has also achieved this in 16 months. The company attributes this to extensive pre-application engagement with the NRC dating back to 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe NRC is also looking to simply its regulatory approvals for future projects. “While keeping safety at the forefront, the permitting process was quite efficient, and we issued these permits in less than 18 months,” said Christopher Hanson, NRC Chair, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrc.gov/cdn/doc-collection-news/2024/24-081.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"21:T206a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eStarlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Starlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:53:33+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:59:16+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" 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Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"23:Ta9f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"24:T61f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"25:T1be2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eCoatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Coatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"26:T15f6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. Even massive ships use special coatings to prevent marine life forms from attaching themselves to the hull and increasing friction during voyages.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"27:T4b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"28:T9f9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"29:T479,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2a:T187c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWhy Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. 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Now, Mexico\u0026#039;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"565\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"406\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d2e1ddbaa255c54b9f13b61223f7ed65\"},\"headline\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2c:T1680,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical insights.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2e:T4e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T499,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"30:T44f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"31:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting 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Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"33:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"34:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"35:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"36:T1de9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNeanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:25:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/fsfsdf.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1160\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"557\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 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60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"37:T1980,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor centuries, Neanderthals were often portrayed as primitive, brutish beings. But a new discovery has challenged this long-held stereotype.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA Neanderthal glue-making structure has been uncovered at Vanguard Cave in Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eArchaeologists found a specialized hearth or “burning structure,” which they believe was used to create a prehistoric superglue: birch tar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery provides evidence of their advanced fire-using techniques, suggesting Neanderthals were more intelligent than previously thought.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"38:T7d2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"39:T6f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3a:T88c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3b:T1975,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFrom Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V on Interesting Engineering. 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Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T465,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-16 Fighting Falcon, a cornerstone of modern air power, has cemented its legacy as one of the most versatile and widely used fighter jets in history. Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3e:T2039,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3f:T1769,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessel sectors for the world\u0026#8217;s largest fusion project, made in South Korea, have been delivered to the construction site in Cadarache, France.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFour of the nine vacuum vessel sectors for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) were built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"40:T961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"41:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"42:T70c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"43:T1c4c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture plant to suck 500,000 tons of CO2 yearly\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"wordCount\":552,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Artist's rendering of a direct-air-capture facility powered by wind energy. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\",\"name\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\",\"description\":\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Artist's rendering of a direct-air-capture facility powered by wind energy.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture plant to suck 500,000 tons of CO2 yearly\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"44:T1414,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe world\u0026#8217;s first wind-powered carbon capture facility will be built in Tom Green County, Texas. Dubbed Project Concho, the facility aims to capture 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually beyond 2030 and will generate verified carbon credits of significant value, a press release said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the name suggests, direct air capture (DAC) technology allows for the capture of carbon directly from the air in an attempt to reduce the circulating CO2 in the atmosphere. This can help combat climate change and slow down the planet\u0026#8217;s warming. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"45:T48b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"46:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"47:T8b3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"48:T1dae,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS plans to beam wireless power to battlefields, no battery needed\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Under the contract, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-raytheon-directed-energy-wireless-power-beaming\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US plans to beam wireless power to battlefields, no battery needed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Under the contract, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-raytheon-directed-energy-wireless-power-beaming\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:35:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:35:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-93.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"49:T1157,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army has awarded Raytheon, an RTX business, a contract to work on directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe contract aims to build capabilities that will distribute power across the battlefield, simplify logistics, and safeguard locations for US troops.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move has been carried out with an intention to make logistics simpler for the US troops by removing the need for moving fuel and batteries across the battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe directed energy wireless power system, once developed, would be able to beam energy directly to the units and systems that need it to function.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny army formation is dependent on a large number of food, ammunition, surveillance and strike capabilities. Their mobility is dependent on the supply lines functioning efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith modernization, there is a growing need for power in almost all departments on the battlefield – especially with the increasing role of drones, and other unmanned systems. This leads to a lot of batteries being carried, even by soldiers in their backpacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA battery running out of power on the battlefield \u0026#8211; where recharging is not an option \u0026#8211; can slow down the progress of an individual – and, as a result, the whole formation. Therefore, the directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities can be a game-changer in the long run.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-us-army-s-contract-to-raytheon-for-directed-energy\"\u003eUS Army’s contract to Raytheon for directed energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe work on the directed energy wireless power beaming capability is being conducted as\u0026nbsp;part of a larger effort under the Department of Defense\u0026#8217;s Operational Energy Strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder \u003ca href=\"https://www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2024/11/14/rtxs-raytheon-awarded-u-s-army-contract-for-wireless-power-beaming-technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe contract\u003c/a\u003e, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies to enable a long-range demonstration in line with the requirements of the US Army\u0026#8217;s manned and unmanned systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capability to beam power wirelessly will significantly reduce the need for troops to carry additional fuel and batteries, easing their logistics, increasing their operation time, and safeguarding their locations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, wireless power enables energy uniformity in the battlespace, \u003ca href=\"https://newatlas.com/military/us-army-taps-raytheon-replace-fuel-lines-beam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eallowing\u003c/a\u003e ease of capture and delivery of energy to sensor systems without the need for concentrated fuel depots that could be vulnerable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Wireless power and data can provide enhanced capability in the future manned and unmanned teaming battlespace,\u0026#8221; said\u0026nbsp;Colin Whelan, president of Advanced Technology at Raytheon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This is extremely important in highly contested threat environments where operations are challenged.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-past-works-in-this-direction\"\u003ePast works in this direction\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/darpa-laser-power-transfer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e(DARPA\u003c/a\u003e) had awarded a contract to Raytheon to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wireless-energy-transmission-darpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign and develop\u003c/a\u003e a wireless, airborne relay system to transfer energy in contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project had a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimple\u003c/a\u003e goal: giving US the ability to power anything on the battlefield from anywhere. It was a two-year, $10 million contract which asked the company to create a Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER) system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe POWER system would have used a number of high-altitude unmanned vessels, which would be equipped with laser-based power receiving and transmission facilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt the time, DARPA had predicted that the tech could also be used in civilian situations to provide relief in case of natural disasters and power up devices in remote regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4a:T57e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-us-army-s-contract-to-raytheon-for-directed-energy\"\u003eUS Army’s contract to Raytheon for directed energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe work on the directed energy wireless power beaming capability is being conducted as\u0026nbsp;part of a larger effort under the Department of Defense\u0026#8217;s Operational Energy Strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder \u003ca href=\"https://www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2024/11/14/rtxs-raytheon-awarded-u-s-army-contract-for-wireless-power-beaming-technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe contract\u003c/a\u003e, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies to enable a long-range demonstration in line with the requirements of the US Army\u0026#8217;s manned and unmanned systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capability to beam power wirelessly will significantly reduce the need for troops to carry additional fuel and batteries, easing their logistics, increasing their operation time, and safeguarding their locations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, wireless power enables energy uniformity in the battlespace, \u003ca href=\"https://newatlas.com/military/us-army-taps-raytheon-replace-fuel-lines-beam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eallowing\u003c/a\u003e ease of capture and delivery of energy to sensor systems without the need for concentrated fuel depots that could be vulnerable.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4b:T594,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Wireless power and data can provide enhanced capability in the future manned and unmanned teaming battlespace,\u0026#8221; said\u0026nbsp;Colin Whelan, president of Advanced Technology at Raytheon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This is extremely important in highly contested threat environments where operations are challenged.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-past-works-in-this-direction\"\u003ePast works in this direction\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/darpa-laser-power-transfer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e(DARPA\u003c/a\u003e) had awarded a contract to Raytheon to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wireless-energy-transmission-darpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign and develop\u003c/a\u003e a wireless, airborne relay system to transfer energy in contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project had a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimple\u003c/a\u003e goal: giving US the ability to power anything on the battlefield from anywhere. It was a two-year, $10 million contract which asked the company to create a Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER) system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe POWER system would have used a number of high-altitude unmanned vessels, which would be equipped with laser-based power receiving and transmission facilities.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4c:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new 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Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting 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Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4e:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4f:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"50:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"51:T2039,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"53:T961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"54:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"55:T70c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"56:T1f88,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"57:T1922,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"58:T651,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"59:T4fa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5a:T7d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5b:T225e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina\u0026#039;s balloon-integrated solar system boosts output in cold climates\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers developed a portable balloon-mounted PV system, showing high efficiency and CO2 reduction in mid to high-latitude regions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-balloon-integrated-solar-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China\u0026#039;s balloon-integrated solar system boosts output in cold climates\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers developed a portable balloon-mounted PV system, showing high efficiency and CO2 reduction in mid to high-latitude regions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-balloon-integrated-solar-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T18:34:50+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T18:34:59+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-23.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"2024-11-21T18:34:50+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5c:T1b69,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA team of researchers in China has developed a portable balloon-mounted photovoltaic system, offering a viable solution for emergency solar power generation in mid to high-latitude regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a new study, the photovoltaic potential of 10,000 balloon-integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPVS) across various latitudes was assessed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, BIPVSs at high latitudes showed higher average output during effective working months. Over their lifecycle, BIPVSs in selected cities can generate 480–700 GWh of power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, these systems help reduce CO2 emissions by 696 grams per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced, highlighting their environmental benefits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-pv-challenges\"\u003eOvercoming PV challenges\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the rising global temperatures, the concepts of carbon neutrality and zero emissions have garnered significant attention. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSolar\u003c/a\u003e energy, being the most abundant, eco-friendly, widely distributed, and cost-effective source of power, has become increasingly crucial. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, global solar PV generation surged by 179 TWh, a 22 percent increase from the previous year. This brought the total solar generation to over 1000 TWh, which now accounts for 3.6 percent of global power, alongside hydropower and wind power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, combining solar PV with tracking, self-cleaning, concentrating, and building integration technologies has proven effective in enhancing PV performance and optimizing solar energy use. However, several challenges remain in PV system design and installation, including excessive land use, geographical adaptability, and shading from buildings or vegetation. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg\" alt=\"The system provides an efficient and feasible solution for PV power generation in mid-to-high latitudes. \" class=\"wp-image-122121\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe system provides an efficient and feasible solution for PV power generation in mid-to-high latitudes.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePV systems are generally categorized into centralized and distributed systems. Centralized systems are typically installed in remote areas but face issues with power loss and high transmission costs. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDistributed PV systems, however, offer flexibility, lower transmission losses, and land conservation benefits. Fixed distributed systems, such as rooftop or building-integrated PVs, require tailored designs to fit specific structures, leading to higher costs and longer installation times. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFlexible distributed PV systems offer portability, adaptability, and ease of deployment, making them ideal for areas where fixed systems are impractical.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boosting-solar-efficiency\"\u003eBoosting solar efficiency\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/diamonds-in-the-sky-can-solve-global-warming-problem-find-swiss-scientists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eClimate\u003c/a\u003e, season, and geographic location significantly influence solar radiation and sunshine duration, especially in high-latitude areas like northern Europe, where winter conditions can hinder PV system performance. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFixed PV systems are less suitable for these regions, but the flexible system, with its small scale and diverse applications, is better suited for integration with portable design and concentration technologies. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new BIPVS consists of a customized balloon, 19 percent-efficient thin-film cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, an exhaust valve, control and storage modules, fixed ropes, a cord reel, and both upper and lower arc surfaces. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe upper hemisphere, made from transparent material, captures solar radiation from all directions and has light-concentrating effects due to its refractive properties. According to PV Magazine, the lower arc surface minimizes the installation area of the solar cells without compromising light harvesting efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Problem With Solar Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XMdeEpMCalk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe solar cells are positioned beneath the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/mysterious-balloon-spotted-over-us-sparks-curiosity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eballoon\u003c/a\u003e to protect them from dust, snow, and hail. The exhaust valve controls gas discharge to manage pressure from sun exposure. The control and storage modules handle power conversion, storage, monitoring, and protection. The system is stabilized by four cables and a fixed rope that links the balloon to the control module and cord reel on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimulations were conducted to analyze system performance at five locations: Vasteras, Sweden; Vancouver, Canada; New York, USA; and Shanghai and Hong Kong, China. Shadowing effects were not considered as the system was assumed to be deployed at low altitudes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs reported by \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/11/21/balloon-integrated-pv-system-for-emergency-power-needs-at-low-altitude/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePV Magazine\u003c/a\u003e, researchers claim the BIPVSs generate an average monthly power of 3.337–4.275 GWh during effective months. Over their lifecycle, they produce 479.492–708.334 GWh, with profits ranging from 12.946 million USD to 107.369 million USD and return on investment between 35.5 percent–294.8 percent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe details of the team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S036054422403500X?dgcid=author\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were published in the journal \u003cem\u003eEnergy\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5d:T525,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, these systems help reduce CO2 emissions by 696 grams per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced, highlighting their environmental benefits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-pv-challenges\"\u003eOvercoming PV challenges\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the rising global temperatures, the concepts of carbon neutrality and zero emissions have garnered significant attention. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSolar\u003c/a\u003e energy, being the most abundant, eco-friendly, widely distributed, and cost-effective source of power, has become increasingly crucial. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, global solar PV generation surged by 179 TWh, a 22 percent increase from the previous year. This brought the total solar generation to over 1000 TWh, which now accounts for 3.6 percent of global power, alongside hydropower and wind power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, combining solar PV with tracking, self-cleaning, concentrating, and building integration technologies has proven effective in enhancing PV performance and optimizing solar energy use. However, several challenges remain in PV system design and installation, including excessive land use, geographical adaptability, and shading from buildings or vegetation. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5e:T8cc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg\" alt=\"The system provides an efficient and feasible solution for PV power generation in mid-to-high latitudes. \" class=\"wp-image-122121\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe system provides an efficient and feasible solution for PV power generation in mid-to-high latitudes.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePV systems are generally categorized into centralized and distributed systems. Centralized systems are typically installed in remote areas but face issues with power loss and high transmission costs. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDistributed PV systems, however, offer flexibility, lower transmission losses, and land conservation benefits. Fixed distributed systems, such as rooftop or building-integrated PVs, require tailored designs to fit specific structures, leading to higher costs and longer installation times. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFlexible distributed PV systems offer portability, adaptability, and ease of deployment, making them ideal for areas where fixed systems are impractical.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boosting-solar-efficiency\"\u003eBoosting solar efficiency\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/diamonds-in-the-sky-can-solve-global-warming-problem-find-swiss-scientists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eClimate\u003c/a\u003e, season, and geographic location significantly influence solar radiation and sunshine duration, especially in high-latitude areas like northern Europe, where winter conditions can hinder PV system performance. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5f:T753,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFixed PV systems are less suitable for these regions, but the flexible system, with its small scale and diverse applications, is better suited for integration with portable design and concentration technologies. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new BIPVS consists of a customized balloon, 19 percent-efficient thin-film cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, an exhaust valve, control and storage modules, fixed ropes, a cord reel, and both upper and lower arc surfaces. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe upper hemisphere, made from transparent material, captures solar radiation from all directions and has light-concentrating effects due to its refractive properties. According to PV Magazine, the lower arc surface minimizes the installation area of the solar cells without compromising light harvesting efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Problem With Solar Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XMdeEpMCalk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe solar cells are positioned beneath the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/mysterious-balloon-spotted-over-us-sparks-curiosity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eballoon\u003c/a\u003e to protect them from dust, snow, and hail. The exhaust valve controls gas discharge to manage pressure from sun exposure. The control and storage modules handle power conversion, storage, monitoring, and protection. The system is stabilized by four cables and a fixed rope that links the balloon to the control module and cord reel on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"60:T1fee,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew non-flammable battery offers 10x more energy, lasts 110 hours\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Alsym Energy\u0026#039;s high-performance, inherently non-flammable, and non-toxic batteries are aimed at replacing lithium cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New non-flammable battery offers 10x more energy, lasts 110 hours\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alsym Energy\u0026#039;s high-performance, inherently non-flammable, and non-toxic batteries are aimed at replacing lithium cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T14:50:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T14:50:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-20.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-21T14:50:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T14:50:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\"},\"wordCount\":596,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-20.png\",\"caption\":\"Alsym battery\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-20.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Battery\",\"Energy \u0026amp; 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However, making batteries safer in different conditions during their widespread use hasn\u0026#8217;t been an easy task for developers. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome battery fire incidents have also weakened customers\u0026#8217; interest in electric vehicles and larger machines powered by batteries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this regard, a startup has developed a non-flammable battery. Alsym Energy\u0026#8217;s high-performance, inherently non-flammable, and non-toxic batteries are aimed at replacing lithium cells. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eClaimed to be a low-cost solution, Alsym\u0026#8217;s batteries support a wide range of discharge durations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-battery-chemistry\"\u003eNew battery chemistry\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company maintains that its new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catl-announces-2nd-gen-sodium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebattery\u003c/a\u003e chemistry is unrelated to anything currently available on the market.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTheir metal-oxide battery chemistry leverages a mechanism analogous to the one found in lithium-ion batteries, with the working ion shuttling between the anode and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catl-announces-2nd-gen-sodium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecathode\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough functionally similar to lithium-ion cells, Alsym\u0026#8217;s batteries utilize non-flammable, non-toxic materials and a water-based electrolyte.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dendrite-free\"\u003eDendrite-free\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis design makes Alsym cells inherently dendrite-free, preventing thermal runaway and its potentially disastrous consequences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym co-founder and MIT Professor Kripa Varanasi stated that renewables are intermittent, so \u0026#8220;you need storage, and to really solve the decarbonization problem, we need to be able to make these \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ion-speed-record-with-superhighway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e anywhere at low cost.\u0026#8221;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company believes its batteries, which are currently being tested by potential customers around the world, hold enormous potential to decarbonize the high-emissions industrial manufacturing sector, and they see other applications ranging from mining to powering data centers, homes, and utilities, reported \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMIT News.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flexible-storage-durations\"\u003eFlexible storage durations\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym maintains that it uses sustainable, non-toxic materials, reducing environmental impact and supply chain risks. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also offers more flexible storage durations, ranging from 2 to 110 hours, making it adaptable for various energy storage needs. And it is high performance in terms of round trip efficiency (RTE), \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-catl-solid-state-battery-production-by-2027\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epower\u003c/a\u003e output, and charging speed. Finally, its levelized cost of storage is comparable to or lower than lithium-ion for stationary storage solutions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alsym.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording\u003c/a\u003e to the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym claims that its batteries are a safe and non-toxic alternative to lithium cells. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, which can pose fire hazards, Alsym\u0026#8217;s battery is designed to avoid these risks, offering a safer solution for residential and commercial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Compared to other non-lithium batteries, Alsym Green has 2-10X higher energy density, making it a more space-efficient and powerful solution for 20′ containerized DC blocks,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.alsym.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e the company in a statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Further, it has best in class round trip efficiency (RTE) of 92%, fast charge (C/4), low self-discharge (\u0026lt;0.25% per day), and configurable discharge durations from 2-110 hrs. Overall, it has a performance profile that no other non-lithium battery can match.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-7-megawatt-hours-of-electricity\"\u003e1.7 megawatt hours of electricity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the batteries don’t quite reach the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, Varanasi says Alsym is first among alternative chemistries at the system-level. He stated that 20-foot containers of Alsym’s batteries can provide 1.7 megawatt hours of electricity, according to \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMIT News\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym co-founder and CEO Mukesh Chatter stated that the company is enabling the decarbonization of markets, which was not possible before. Chatter highlighted that no chemical or steel plant would dare put a lithium battery close to their premises because of their flammability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We’re highly configurable, and that’s important because depending on where you are, you can sometimes run on two cycles a day with solar, and in combination with wind, you could truly get 24/7 electricity,” \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Chatter. “The need to do multiday or long duration storage is a small part of the market, but we support that too.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"62:T766,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-battery-chemistry\"\u003eNew battery chemistry\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company maintains that its new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catl-announces-2nd-gen-sodium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebattery\u003c/a\u003e chemistry is unrelated to anything currently available on the market.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTheir metal-oxide battery chemistry leverages a mechanism analogous to the one found in lithium-ion batteries, with the working ion shuttling between the anode and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catl-announces-2nd-gen-sodium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecathode\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough functionally similar to lithium-ion cells, Alsym\u0026#8217;s batteries utilize non-flammable, non-toxic materials and a water-based electrolyte.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dendrite-free\"\u003eDendrite-free\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis design makes Alsym cells inherently dendrite-free, preventing thermal runaway and its potentially disastrous consequences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym co-founder and MIT Professor Kripa Varanasi stated that renewables are intermittent, so \u0026#8220;you need storage, and to really solve the decarbonization problem, we need to be able to make these \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ion-speed-record-with-superhighway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e anywhere at low cost.\u0026#8221;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company believes its batteries, which are currently being tested by potential customers around the world, hold enormous potential to decarbonize the high-emissions industrial manufacturing sector, and they see other applications ranging from mining to powering data centers, homes, and utilities, reported \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMIT News.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"63:T5b2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flexible-storage-durations\"\u003eFlexible storage durations\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym maintains that it uses sustainable, non-toxic materials, reducing environmental impact and supply chain risks. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also offers more flexible storage durations, ranging from 2 to 110 hours, making it adaptable for various energy storage needs. And it is high performance in terms of round trip efficiency (RTE), \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-catl-solid-state-battery-production-by-2027\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epower\u003c/a\u003e output, and charging speed. Finally, its levelized cost of storage is comparable to or lower than lithium-ion for stationary storage solutions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alsym.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording\u003c/a\u003e to the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym claims that its batteries are a safe and non-toxic alternative to lithium cells. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, which can pose fire hazards, Alsym\u0026#8217;s battery is designed to avoid these risks, offering a safer solution for residential and commercial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Compared to other non-lithium batteries, Alsym Green has 2-10X higher energy density, making it a more space-efficient and powerful solution for 20′ containerized DC blocks,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.alsym.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e the company in a statement.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"64:T68e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Further, it has best in class round trip efficiency (RTE) of 92%, fast charge (C/4), low self-discharge (\u0026lt;0.25% per day), and configurable discharge durations from 2-110 hrs. Overall, it has a performance profile that no other non-lithium battery can match.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-7-megawatt-hours-of-electricity\"\u003e1.7 megawatt hours of electricity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the batteries don’t quite reach the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, Varanasi says Alsym is first among alternative chemistries at the system-level. He stated that 20-foot containers of Alsym’s batteries can provide 1.7 megawatt hours of electricity, according to \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMIT News\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym co-founder and CEO Mukesh Chatter stated that the company is enabling the decarbonization of markets, which was not possible before. Chatter highlighted that no chemical or steel plant would dare put a lithium battery close to their premises because of their flammability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We’re highly configurable, and that’s important because depending on where you are, you can sometimes run on two cycles a day with solar, and in combination with wind, you could truly get 24/7 electricity,” \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Chatter. “The need to do multiday or long duration storage is a small part of the market, but we support that too.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"65:T1f88,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra 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content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"66:T1922,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"67:T651,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"68:T4fa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"69:T7d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6a:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eGene-edited mosquitoes deliver malaria vaccine with 89% success rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In clinical trials, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver malaria vaccine safely. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gene-edited mosquitoes deliver malaria vaccine with 89% success rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In clinical trials, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver malaria vaccine safely. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6b:T147d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eMalaria, a disease that has plagued humanity for centuries, continues to claim millions of lives each year. But scientists may have found a new way to combat this deadly disease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn clinical trials, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver the malaria vaccine safely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis novel vaccination strategy involves using genetically modified mosquitoes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team investigated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e – the parasite responsible for the most severe form of malaria.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explored the possibility of genetically modifying \u003cem\u003eP. falciparum \u003c/em\u003eto function as a vaccine rather than a disease-causing agent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese mosquitoes carry a weakened form of the malaria parasite, designed to trigger a powerful immune response in humans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stops-the-multiplication-of-parasites-in-the-body\"\u003eStops the multiplication of parasites in the body\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese parasites sneak into the liver and then invade red blood cells, causing havoc in the human body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe currently licensed vaccines offer limited protection. These subunit vaccines target specific proteins in the malaria parasite, inducing an immune response. However, the parasite\u0026#8217;s ability to mutate and evade the immune system often limits the long-term efficacy of these vaccines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLive-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e parasites offer a promising alternative vaccination strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen administered as a vaccine, these weakened parasites stimulate a robust immune response against multiple stages of the parasite\u0026#8217;s life cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Currently licensed and approved malaria subunit vaccines provide modest, short-lived protection against malaria. Immunization with live-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e malaria parasites is an alternative vaccination strategy that has potential to improve protection,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How does genetic engineering work?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eoUCt8GjbCg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-provides-89-percent-protection-against-malaria\"\u003eProvides 89 percent protection against malaria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the trial, the volunteers were bitten by mosquitoes carrying a special, modified version of the malaria \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparasite\u003c/a\u003e. The idea is that by exposing people to a controlled dose of the parasite, their immune systems can learn to fight off future infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, the engineered parasites were programmed to undergo developmental arrest shortly after entering the body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vaccine used a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenetically modified\u003c/a\u003e malaria parasite (GA2) designed to stop developing early in the human liver. It ceases development six days after infecting a person, right when it\u0026#8217;s about to multiply in the liver.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants were divided into three groups: one group received the GA2 vaccine, another received an earlier version (GA1), and the control group received bites from uninfected mosquitoes. The primary goal was to assess the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to prevent malaria infection and its safety profile.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter three weeks, both groups were exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes to assess their level of protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore being exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes, both groups showed increased antibody levels. However, the GA1 group had a lower protection rate (13 percent) compared to the group bitten by GA2 parasite at 89 percent. The only reported side effects were minor itching from the mosquito bites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Protective efficacy against subsequent controlled human malaria infection was observed in 8 of 9 participants (89 percent) in the GA2 group, in 1 of 8 participants (13 percent) in the GA1 group, and in 0 of 3 participants in the placebo group,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUp next, the researchers plan to conduct a larger trial. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach could significantly reduce the global burden of malaria, particularly in regions where the disease is most prevalent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial findings were published in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New England Journal of Medicine. \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6c:T44c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team investigated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e – the parasite responsible for the most severe form of malaria.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explored the possibility of genetically modifying \u003cem\u003eP. falciparum \u003c/em\u003eto function as a vaccine rather than a disease-causing agent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese mosquitoes carry a weakened form of the malaria parasite, designed to trigger a powerful immune response in humans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stops-the-multiplication-of-parasites-in-the-body\"\u003eStops the multiplication of parasites in the body\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese parasites sneak into the liver and then invade red blood cells, causing havoc in the human body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe currently licensed vaccines offer limited protection. These subunit vaccines target specific proteins in the malaria parasite, inducing an immune response. However, the parasite\u0026#8217;s ability to mutate and evade the immune system often limits the long-term efficacy of these vaccines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLive-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e parasites offer a promising alternative vaccination strategy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6d:T8aa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen administered as a vaccine, these weakened parasites stimulate a robust immune response against multiple stages of the parasite\u0026#8217;s life cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Currently licensed and approved malaria subunit vaccines provide modest, short-lived protection against malaria. Immunization with live-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e malaria parasites is an alternative vaccination strategy that has potential to improve protection,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How does genetic engineering work?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eoUCt8GjbCg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-provides-89-percent-protection-against-malaria\"\u003eProvides 89 percent protection against malaria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the trial, the volunteers were bitten by mosquitoes carrying a special, modified version of the malaria \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparasite\u003c/a\u003e. The idea is that by exposing people to a controlled dose of the parasite, their immune systems can learn to fight off future infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, the engineered parasites were programmed to undergo developmental arrest shortly after entering the body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vaccine used a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenetically modified\u003c/a\u003e malaria parasite (GA2) designed to stop developing early in the human liver. It ceases development six days after infecting a person, right when it\u0026#8217;s about to multiply in the liver.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6e:T1c16,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS eyes new nuclear deterrence to counter Russia, China threats\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The department\u0026#039;s report states that US needs integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support nuclear deterrence mission.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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Johnson, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Policy (N-CWMD).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Department of Defense (DOD) is examining these changes in the security environment and the resulting steps that might have to be taken in view of China\u0026#8217;s and Russia\u0026#8217;s enhanced capabilities. Furthermore, the possible lack of a nuclear arms control agreement after February 2025 might warrant an even more focused approach.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson made these comments while speaking on a panel at the Center for Strategic and International Studies Project on Nuclear Issues event in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe further stated that the US nuclear modernization program of record might be insufficient going forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-changes-proposed-by-new-report-on-us-nuclear-deterrence\"\u003eChanges proposed by new report on US nuclear deterrence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson stated that the DOD, in partnership with the National Nuclear Security Administration, has taken some steps to field capabilities to enhance the country’s nuclear deterrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these measures is the B61-13 gravity bomb, delivered by aircraft. Further, it is also ensuring the enhanced readiness of nuclear armed and powered Ohio-class submarines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration would produce the B61-13, which is a modern variant of the B61.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe department submitted a report to Congress on November 15 that enlisted the country’s nuclear employment strategy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3975117/dod-adjusts-nuclear-deterrence-strategy-as-nuclear-peer-adversaries-escalate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eas revealed\u003c/a\u003e by Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 491 report also accounts for the new challenges that the US faces because of the growth, modernization, and increasing diversity of potential adversaries\u0026#8217; arsenals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the report\u0026#8217;s key highlights is that the US plans to deter multiple adversaries simultaneously. It also states that the US requires the integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support the nuclear deterrence mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report also asks for the US to focus on escalation management planning for responding to limited nuclear attacks or high-consequence, non-nuclear strategic attacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also calls for the US to enable deeper consultation, coordination, and combined planning with allies and partners to strengthen extended deterrence commitments. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGrant Schneider, vice deputy director for strategic stability at the Joint Staff, who also spoke, said that another part of the report is the significant intellectual and analytical work required to identify the range of scenarios and strategic circumstances that the U.S. might face alongside its allies going into the 2030s.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To be prepared for the 2030s, we have to modernize our nuclear forces, the nuclear command and control, and the associated infrastructure that will allow us to be flexible and adjust over time as new challenges arise, whether that\u0026#8217;s new threats or potential changes or delays in our modernization,\u0026#8221; Schneider said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-growing-threats-to-the-us-from-adversaries\"\u003eGrowing threats to the US from adversaries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) launched its Yearbook, which stated that China is expanding its nuclear arsenal faster than any other country on the globe.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SIPRI Yearbook 2024 also stated that Russia is on top of the military stockpile list with 4,380 nukes. The number is not\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3266808/china-expanding-nuclear-arsenal-faster-any-other-country-report-says-still-lags-behind-us-and-russia?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=homepage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einclusive\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;of the retired warheads which the countries are in the process of dismantling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereport revealed\u003c/a\u003e that China’s arsenal increased from 410 warheads in January 2023 to 500 in January 2024, and it is expected to keep growing. It is an approximate 20% rise in a single year, which is massive.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also mentioned that the Asian giant might be shifting its policies regarding nukes as it has likely also started\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/demonstration-nuclear-explosion-warning-russia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeploying a few warheads\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;on missiles during peacetime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, North Korea – an ally of China and Russia – has assembled around 50 warheads, as per the SIPRI Yearbook. It added that the country has enough ‘fissile material to reach a total of up to 90 warheads.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecent use\u003c/a\u003e of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) by Russia to hit Ukraine for the first time has also raised eyebrows globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s claimed to be the first military use of ICBM, which can carry nuclear warheads, in an active war.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRussia had also \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecently changed\u003c/a\u003e its doctrine to lower the threshold for nuclear weapons use. With this, Russia can now use high-potential weapons in instances when a non-nuclear state supported by nuclear power attacks its territory.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"70:T543,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson made these comments while speaking on a panel at the Center for Strategic and International Studies Project on Nuclear Issues event in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe further stated that the US nuclear modernization program of record might be insufficient going forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-changes-proposed-by-new-report-on-us-nuclear-deterrence\"\u003eChanges proposed by new report on US nuclear deterrence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson stated that the DOD, in partnership with the National Nuclear Security Administration, has taken some steps to field capabilities to enhance the country’s nuclear deterrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these measures is the B61-13 gravity bomb, delivered by aircraft. Further, it is also ensuring the enhanced readiness of nuclear armed and powered Ohio-class submarines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration would produce the B61-13, which is a modern variant of the B61.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe department submitted a report to Congress on November 15 that enlisted the country’s nuclear employment strategy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3975117/dod-adjusts-nuclear-deterrence-strategy-as-nuclear-peer-adversaries-escalate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eas revealed\u003c/a\u003e by Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"71:T477,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 491 report also accounts for the new challenges that the US faces because of the growth, modernization, and increasing diversity of potential adversaries\u0026#8217; arsenals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the report\u0026#8217;s key highlights is that the US plans to deter multiple adversaries simultaneously. It also states that the US requires the integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support the nuclear deterrence mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report also asks for the US to focus on escalation management planning for responding to limited nuclear attacks or high-consequence, non-nuclear strategic attacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also calls for the US to enable deeper consultation, coordination, and combined planning with allies and partners to strengthen extended deterrence commitments. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGrant Schneider, vice deputy director for strategic stability at the Joint Staff, who also spoke, said that another part of the report is the significant intellectual and analytical work required to identify the range of scenarios and strategic circumstances that the U.S. might face alongside its allies going into the 2030s.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"72:T606,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To be prepared for the 2030s, we have to modernize our nuclear forces, the nuclear command and control, and the associated infrastructure that will allow us to be flexible and adjust over time as new challenges arise, whether that\u0026#8217;s new threats or potential changes or delays in our modernization,\u0026#8221; Schneider said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-growing-threats-to-the-us-from-adversaries\"\u003eGrowing threats to the US from adversaries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) launched its Yearbook, which stated that China is expanding its nuclear arsenal faster than any other country on the globe.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SIPRI Yearbook 2024 also stated that Russia is on top of the military stockpile list with 4,380 nukes. The number is not\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3266808/china-expanding-nuclear-arsenal-faster-any-other-country-report-says-still-lags-behind-us-and-russia?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=homepage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einclusive\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;of the retired warheads which the countries are in the process of dismantling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereport revealed\u003c/a\u003e that China’s arsenal increased from 410 warheads in January 2023 to 500 in January 2024, and it is expected to keep growing. It is an approximate 20% rise in a single year, which is massive.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"73:T53a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also mentioned that the Asian giant might be shifting its policies regarding nukes as it has likely also started\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/demonstration-nuclear-explosion-warning-russia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeploying a few warheads\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;on missiles during peacetime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, North Korea – an ally of China and Russia – has assembled around 50 warheads, as per the SIPRI Yearbook. It added that the country has enough ‘fissile material to reach a total of up to 90 warheads.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecent use\u003c/a\u003e of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) by Russia to hit Ukraine for the first time has also raised eyebrows globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s claimed to be the first military use of ICBM, which can carry nuclear warheads, in an active war.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRussia had also \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecently changed\u003c/a\u003e its doctrine to lower the threshold for nuclear weapons use. With this, Russia can now use high-potential weapons in instances when a non-nuclear state supported by nuclear power attacks its territory.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"74:T1dd9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eAstronauts to 3D-print electronic in space with breakthrough nanoink\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The 3D printer employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astronauts to 3D-print electronic in space with breakthrough nanoink\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The 3D printer employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T08:21:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T08:21:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-12.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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This means astronauts will be able to print electronic components right in space.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crucial development comes from the US-based Iowa State University.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team conducted experiments on NASA\u0026#8217;s microgravity flights to test their technology. These flights simulate zero gravity by flying in parabolic arcs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they were able to print electronic parts under zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This proof-of-concept microgravity experiment proves the unique capability of (electrohydrodynamic) printing under zero-gravity conditions and opens a new venue for future on-demand manufacturing in space,\u0026#8221; the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-electrohydrodynamic-printing-technique\"\u003eElectrohydrodynamic printing technique\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nanoink is made up of silver nanoparticles synthesized with biobased polymers called 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose. This polymer is a conventional thickening agent. Moreover, it is said to be cost-effective, biocompatible, and stable, which makes it suitable for high-resolution printing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis special ink can be heated to activate its electrical properties. Once activated, it can print intricate electronic circuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printer\u003c/a\u003e employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing. This technique shoots tiny droplets of ink using an electric field, achieving resolutions in the millionth-meter range. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the use of electric fields helps overcome the limitations of gravity, enabling precise 3D printing in the absence of gravity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo evaluate the technique, the team fastened the printer to the floor of a NASA plane for a microgravity flight experiment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plane would soar to 32,000 feet, then dive back down to 24,000 feet over Florida. This created brief periods of “pure zero gravity.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It was exciting and new,\u0026#8221; said Shan Jiang, the lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut printing in zero gravity is no easy feat. Even a few seconds of weightlessness can make it tough to keep things steady, unlike the stable conditions on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, on the first flight, the printer wasn\u0026#8217;t tied down tightly enough to handle the plane\u0026#8217;s shaking and jolting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These are very intense experiments that require a lot of teamwork and preparation,\u0026#8221; Jiang said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is 3D printing a revolution or just a trend?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NRUbaAPbmVA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3d-structures-printed-in-microgravity\"\u003e3D structures printed in microgravity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith more test flights, the team was able to fine-tune their technique and achieve better results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey highlight that the parabolic flight test successfully demonstrated the capability of EHD printing to create precise 3D structures even in the challenging conditions of microgravity using nanoinks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This success is really just the beginning,\u0026#8221; Jiang said. \u0026#8220;As humanity ventures deeper into space, the need for on-demand manufacturing of electronics in orbit is no longer science fiction; it is a necessity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers may next focus on developing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printing technology\u003c/a\u003e for other electronic components, such as semiconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2024-11-nanoink-technologies-enable-electronics-production.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release,\u003c/a\u003e the Iowa State University Research Foundation has obtained a patent for the new nanoink technology, which is now open for licensing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c07592\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"76:T42b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\"\u003eHow 3D printing could make space settlement viable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\"\u003eA giant 90-ton 3D printer is building Rocket Lab’s Neutron rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/esa-achieves-worlds-1st-metal-3d-printing\"\u003eESA achieves historic world’s 1st metal 3D printing on space station\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"77:T4fe,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they were able to print electronic parts under zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This proof-of-concept microgravity experiment proves the unique capability of (electrohydrodynamic) printing under zero-gravity conditions and opens a new venue for future on-demand manufacturing in space,\u0026#8221; the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-electrohydrodynamic-printing-technique\"\u003eElectrohydrodynamic printing technique\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nanoink is made up of silver nanoparticles synthesized with biobased polymers called 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose. This polymer is a conventional thickening agent. Moreover, it is said to be cost-effective, biocompatible, and stable, which makes it suitable for high-resolution printing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis special ink can be heated to activate its electrical properties. Once activated, it can print intricate electronic circuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printer\u003c/a\u003e employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing. This technique shoots tiny droplets of ink using an electric field, achieving resolutions in the millionth-meter range. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"78:T7cf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is 3D printing a revolution or just a trend?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NRUbaAPbmVA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3d-structures-printed-in-microgravity\"\u003e3D structures printed in microgravity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith more test flights, the team was able to fine-tune their technique and achieve better results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey highlight that the parabolic flight test successfully demonstrated the capability of EHD printing to create precise 3D structures even in the challenging conditions of microgravity using nanoinks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This success is really just the beginning,\u0026#8221; Jiang said. \u0026#8220;As humanity ventures deeper into space, the need for on-demand manufacturing of electronics in orbit is no longer science fiction; it is a necessity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers may next focus on developing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printing technology\u003c/a\u003e for other electronic components, such as semiconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2024-11-nanoink-technologies-enable-electronics-production.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release,\u003c/a\u003e the Iowa State University Research Foundation has obtained a patent for the new nanoink technology, which is now open for licensing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c07592\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"79:T42b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\"\u003eHow 3D printing could make space settlement viable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\"\u003eA giant 90-ton 3D printer is building Rocket Lab’s Neutron rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/esa-achieves-worlds-1st-metal-3d-printing\"\u003eESA achieves historic world’s 1st metal 3D printing on space station\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7a:T1e1c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eHermes 2: US launches molten-salt nuclear reactor to power the grid\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Tennessee-based Kairos Power will build Hermes-2, a molten salt reactor to supply carbon-free energy to the grid in the US.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7b:T1664,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has approved the construction of the first-ever molten-salt reactor that will power the grid in the US. The approval was granted to Kairos Power, which is currently building the Hermes Low-Power Demonstration Reactor at the Heritage Center Industrial Park in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the world looks for carbon-free approaches to meeting its energy demands, nuclear fission technology is poised for a comeback. Even before the 2011 Fukushima disaster, work was underway to improve the safety features of nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeneration IV nuclear power is the umbrella term for nuclear fission technology, which is designed to avert the leak of radioactive material even in extreme scenarios such as earthquakes and generates energy with much higher fuel efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-molten-salt-reactors-could-lead-to-the-next-energy-production-boom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMolten-salt reactors\u003c/a\u003e are one of the many different approaches that scientists are using to achieve Gen IV nuclear power. Here, the nuclear fuel is either mixed in molten salt or embedded in graphite, while the molten salt is used as a coolant, and the operation proceeds at high temperatures. Kairos Power uses the latter approach for its Hermes reactors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eKairos’ approach to nuclear energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTennessee-based Kairos Power’s nuclear plant design features a graphite-moderated pebble-bed reactor with fluoride salt as its coolant. It uses tri-structural ISOtropic (TRISO) particle fuel, which is “randomly packed” in pebble form inside the reactor. The reactor has a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/haleu-fuel-weaponization-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigh-assay low-enriched uranium\u003c/a\u003e (HALEU) enrichment of nearly 20 percent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2016, Kairos Power uses a rapid iterative development approach. It uses iterative hardware demonstrations to clear regulatory hurdles and develop in-house manufacturing capability to de-risk its technology and supply chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of its iterative process, the company has built Engineering Test Units (ETUs) at its Albuquerque and Oak Ridge facilities. Under controlled conditions, these units use non-nuclear tests to validate their critical system components, such as coolant flow and heat transfer rates.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe next step in the company’s development approach is building the Hermes reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg\" alt=\"Hermes Molten salt reactor\" class=\"wp-image-121984\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eSchematic of the molten salt reactor Hermes to be used by Kairos Power to supply energy to the grid. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://kairospower.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKairos Power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-to-power-the-grid\"\u003eTo power the grid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn December 2023, Kairos Power received the NRC nod for building the Hermes Low-power Demonstration Reactor (Hermes 1), the first Gen IV reactor to receive construction approval in the US. This non-power reactor will be built only to demonstrate system integration and operational safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the recent approval, the NRC has given Kairos the go-ahead to build a power plant that will eventually supply power to the grid. Dubbed Hermes 2, the power plant will be sited next to Hermes 1 and will feature two 35-MWth reactors with a combined generation capacity of 20 MWe. Hermes 2 will replicate complete plant architecture at a reduced scale while supplying carbon-free energy to the grid.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNot only has Kairos succeeded in getting approvals from the NRC for Hermes 2, but it has also achieved this in 16 months. The company attributes this to extensive pre-application engagement with the NRC dating back to 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe NRC is also looking to simply its regulatory approvals for future projects. “While keeping safety at the forefront, the permitting process was quite efficient, and we issued these permits in less than 18 months,” said Christopher Hanson, NRC Chair, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrc.gov/cdn/doc-collection-news/2024/24-081.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This shows we can rapidly apply relevant conclusions from earlier reviews to promptly reach decisions on new reactors.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Amazing Footage From a Nuclear Power Plant Construction\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/wwBmHaKkGMs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7c:T544,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeneration IV nuclear power is the umbrella term for nuclear fission technology, which is designed to avert the leak of radioactive material even in extreme scenarios such as earthquakes and generates energy with much higher fuel efficiency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-molten-salt-reactors-could-lead-to-the-next-energy-production-boom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMolten-salt reactors\u003c/a\u003e are one of the many different approaches that scientists are using to achieve Gen IV nuclear power. Here, the nuclear fuel is either mixed in molten salt or embedded in graphite, while the molten salt is used as a coolant, and the operation proceeds at high temperatures. Kairos Power uses the latter approach for its Hermes reactors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eKairos’ approach to nuclear energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTennessee-based Kairos Power’s nuclear plant design features a graphite-moderated pebble-bed reactor with fluoride salt as its coolant. It uses tri-structural ISOtropic (TRISO) particle fuel, which is “randomly packed” in pebble form inside the reactor. The reactor has a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/haleu-fuel-weaponization-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigh-assay low-enriched uranium\u003c/a\u003e (HALEU) enrichment of nearly 20 percent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7d:T7e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2016, Kairos Power uses a rapid iterative development approach. It uses iterative hardware demonstrations to clear regulatory hurdles and develop in-house manufacturing capability to de-risk its technology and supply chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs part of its iterative process, the company has built Engineering Test Units (ETUs) at its Albuquerque and Oak Ridge facilities. Under controlled conditions, these units use non-nuclear tests to validate their critical system components, such as coolant flow and heat transfer rates.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe next step in the company’s development approach is building the Hermes reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg\" alt=\"Hermes Molten salt reactor\" class=\"wp-image-121984\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR-2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eSchematic of the molten salt reactor Hermes to be used by Kairos Power to supply energy to the grid. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://kairospower.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKairos Power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-to-power-the-grid\"\u003eTo power the grid\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn December 2023, Kairos Power received the NRC nod for building the Hermes Low-power Demonstration Reactor (Hermes 1), the first Gen IV reactor to receive construction approval in the US. This non-power reactor will be built only to demonstrate system integration and operational safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7e:T43a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the recent approval, the NRC has given Kairos the go-ahead to build a power plant that will eventually supply power to the grid. Dubbed Hermes 2, the power plant will be sited next to Hermes 1 and will feature two 35-MWth reactors with a combined generation capacity of 20 MWe. Hermes 2 will replicate complete plant architecture at a reduced scale while supplying carbon-free energy to the grid.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNot only has Kairos succeeded in getting approvals from the NRC for Hermes 2, but it has also achieved this in 16 months. The company attributes this to extensive pre-application engagement with the NRC dating back to 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe NRC is also looking to simply its regulatory approvals for future projects. “While keeping safety at the forefront, the permitting process was quite efficient, and we issued these permits in less than 18 months,” said Christopher Hanson, NRC Chair, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrc.gov/cdn/doc-collection-news/2024/24-081.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7f:T206a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eStarlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Starlink\u0026#039;s rival SpaceSail to provide satellite internet in Brazil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet service in the region.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:53:33+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T15:59:16+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" 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Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"81:Ta9f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-to-bring-satellite-based-internet-access\"\u003eSpaceSail to bring satellite-based internet access\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/modular-satellite-system-could-unlock-space-based-solar-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e access to areas with limited connectivity by deploying its Qianfan, or “Thousand Sails”, constellation, a low-Earth orbit satellite network currently under construction that would support Brazil’s national digital inclusion policies, reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrazilian officials have reportedly been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August. SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s CEO had also met Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn October, officials from the Brazilian Communications Ministry SpaceSail\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-launches-first-reusable-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efactory\u003c/a\u003e in China.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Shanghai-based firm is expected to kick start satellite internet in Brazil in two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-elon-musk-s-open-public-dispute-with-brazilian-supreme-court\"\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt came after Elon Musk has been in an open public dispute with Brazilian Supreme Court, which banned the X \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/1st-ever-autonomous-satellite-swarm-navigation-in-orbit-achieved-by-stanford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatform\u003c/a\u003e for a month in August. The court maintained that the social media platform failed to refused to comply with its orders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStarlink was caught in the crossfire, as its bank accounts were frozen to ensure the payment of fines levied against X. Starlink has rapidly grown to become Brazil’s top satellite \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/super-maneuverable-satellite-unveiled\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einternet\u003c/a\u003e provider, gobbling up 47 percent of the market. It provides connectivity to roughly 224,000 customers, mostly in remote parts of the country. Starlink is essential to farmers, companies from various sectors, and indigenous communities, according to \u003ca href=\"https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/11/19/agreement-china-starlink-competitor-spacesail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Brazilian Report\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"82:T61f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spacesail-launched-36-satellites-into-low-earth-orbit\"\u003eSpaceSail launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpaceSail, which has launched 36 satellites into low-Earth orbit, is expected to have over 600 satellites in orbit by late 2025. The company\u0026#8217;s plan is to launch a network of nearly 14,000 satellites for low-latency, high-speed, and ultra-reliable satellite internet services globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, SpaceSail is in negotiations with more than 30 countries and is promoting commercial applications for its Qianfan constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQianfan is one of two Chinese megaconstellations aimed at challenging Starlink’s dominance. The other, Guowang, also known as SatNet, is being developed by China Satellite Network Group near Beijing and expected to comprise around 13,000 satellites. Construction on Guowang is set to begin soon, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3287502/china-tech-firm-gains-altitude-brazil-embraces-alternative-elon-musks-starlink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/mincomunicacoes/status/1859024586857414848\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company will start its satellite internet service in 2025. It will facilitate fields such as transportation, new energy, smart cities, smart agriculture, emergency disaster relief, and low-altitude economy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"83:T1be2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eCoatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Coatings enhance performance of everyday objects, jets, and spacecraft\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From everyday objects to those sent out in space, specialized coatings help deliver superior outcomes that regular materials can\u0026#039;t.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T14:59:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"84:T15f6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. Even massive ships use special coatings to prevent marine life forms from attaching themselves to the hull and increasing friction during voyages.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"85:T4b5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMostly seamless in their presence, these coatings help make our lives simpler, more efficient, and safer. Not just on Earth, but they also prevent astronauts from falling sick.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-astronauts-and-toothpastes\"\u003eAstronauts and toothpastes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen bacteria grow together on a surface, they secrete small molecules that form a film to help their populations thrive. These films, known as biofilms, can contain toxins that prevent other organisms from growing and make humans extremely sick if ingested.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn low-gravity environments such as spacecraft, bacteria grow at an accelerated pace, and so do biofilms. Left unchecked, these films can contaminate water supplies. In worst-case scenarios, they can also cause mechanical failures, risking astronaut health and safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA research team led by Kripa Varanasi, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has developed a slippery coating using solid materials and a lubricant that prevents biofilm formation in spacecraft. This was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) in an experiment a few years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"86:T9f9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg\" alt=\"International Space Station\" class=\"wp-image-122370\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA special slipper coating on pipes inside the ISS can help astronauts keep safe from microbial biofilms. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-in-2022-in-outer-space-iss-floating-on-orbit-of-earth-gm1362967310-434707465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edima_zel/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, a similarly slippery coating helps remove the last ounce of toothpaste from the tube. Varanasi\u0026#8217;s company also provides the coating for that, saving you pennies every month.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eHigh performance, delivered\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNearly a century ago, the jet engine was invented, but without \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-coating-reduces-fatberg-build-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003especialized coatings\u003c/a\u003e, it wouldn\u0026#8217;t fly around as easily as it does today. While the principle of a jet engine is straightforward, the engineering isn\u0026#8217;t.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHot air from the engine\u0026#8217;s exhaust often reaches temperatures above 1,832 Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius). At these temperatures, the engine\u0026#8217;s metal should melt, shutting down operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a ceramic coating on the metal allows it to continue operation. Now, researchers are working to improve the coating even further. Just a 30 degree Celsius increase in temperatures inside the engine can deliver eight percent of fuel savings, reducing costs and carbon emissions simultaneously, a \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBBC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj9n1939ryzo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e report\u003c/a\u003e said. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"87:T479,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA UK-based company is developing coatings for moving components in satellites. The challenge is tougher because the coatings need to withstand normal atmospheric conditions during pre-launch and intense radiation and dust particles when in orbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-cheap-iron-coating-camouflages-military-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eslippery coating\u003c/a\u003e made from silicon carbide is helping companies save millions every year. Large-scale and powerful industrial machinery is prone to wear and tear. However, in the case of aluminum manufacturing and repair, this can demand retooling every two days.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA US-based machine and supply firm spent $4.5 million a year rebuilding its roller tools to work with aluminum. With a coating, the tool needs rebuilding only once a week, and costs have shrunk to less than a third now, the BBC report added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet, we haven\u0026#8217;t fully explored this area, and much remains to be discovered and applied. When engineering seems to hit its limits, coatings always manage to deliver a way out.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"88:T187c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWhy Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Why Tesla\u0026#039;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out on Interesting Engineering. 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Now, Mexico\u0026#039;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:58:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"565\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"406\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d2e1ddbaa255c54b9f13b61223f7ed65\"},\"headline\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8a:T1680,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical insights.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8b:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBacked by a $5 billion investment, this corridor promises to transform how the world moves goods. Embroiled in controversy, environmental debates, and even marred by incidents of violence, this project stands at a critical juncture. Will it redefine global trade networks, or will it falter under the weight of its historical ambitions?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiscover in-depth insights and stories behind this monumental project in our detailed premium video for IE+ subscribers. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/subscribe?plan=personal-annualy\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSubscribe to watch today for only $1.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-strategic-impact-of-the-interoceanic-corridor-on-global-logistics\"\u003eThe strategic impact of the Interoceanic Corridor on global logistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePositioned in Mexico\u0026#8217;s narrowest strip between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it aims to outpace the congested Panama Canal through upgraded rail networks, highways, and ports. At its core, the corridor promises to create numerous jobs and stimulate economic activity in historically overlooked regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Economic Zones along the route offer attractive incentives, such as tax exemptions, making it a magnet for the automotive and technology industries. These zones are set to transform the corridor into a bustling industrial hub, enticing global brands to establish operations and invest in Latin America\u0026#8217;s future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8c:T4e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs we witness the unfolding of this grand venture, it is poised not only to enhance Mexico\u0026#8217;s position in global logistics but also to impact international trade dynamics significantly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-mexico-s-interoceanic-corridor-is-taking-shape\"\u003eHow Mexico\u0026#8217;s Interoceanic Corridor is taking shape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA significant milestone was reached on December 22, 2023, with the inauguration of \u0026#8216;Line Z\u0026#8217; of the Interoceanic Railway Mexico\u0026#8217;s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. This 192-mile (309-km) line, stretching from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, integrates advanced machinery and technology, such as Ballast Regulators, to ensure stability and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the corridor develops, it is expected to handle up to a million containers annually, demonstrating its potential to become a vital alternative to the Panama Canal. The construction alone aims to generate around 15,000 jobs, improving the local economy significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOur video offers visual insights into the construction and technological advancements that drive this project, allowing viewers to examine how these elements come together to form a cohesive and functional trade route.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8d:T499,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-historical-journey-of-the-tehuantepec-route\"\u003eThe historical journey of the Tehuantepec route\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe quest to connect these oceans through Tehuantepec carries a fascinating legacy. The Panama Canal\u0026#8217;s story is particularly illustrative, beginning with a French endeavor in the late 19th century led by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the architect of the Suez Canal. His ambitious project faltered disastrously due to severe engineering obstacles and the debilitating impact of the tropical environment, leading to significant human and financial losses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the French efforts, the Kingdom of Scotland\u0026#8217;s Darien Scheme aimed to establish a colony and trade route in Panama during the late 1600s. This scheme tragically ended due to harsh conditions and isolation, exacerbating Scotland\u0026#8217;s economic woes and influencing its political future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese historical episodes paved the way for the successful American completion of the Panama Canal in 1914, utilizing then-modern engineering and medical advancements to navigate formidable logistical challenges and reshape global maritime trade routes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8e:T44f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn parallel, historical figures like Hernán Cortés in the 16th century also recognized the potential of Mexico\u0026#8217;s Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a strategic link between two major oceans. Although Cortés\u0026#8217; initial proposals did not come to fruition, the idea persisted, underscoring the region\u0026#8217;s geographic and strategic significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environmental-and-social-stakes-in-the-interoceanic-corridor-project\"\u003eEnvironmental and social stakes in the Interoceanic Corridor project\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday\u0026#8217;s project faces its challenges. Environmental sustainability remains crucial as the corridor traverses some of Mexico\u0026#8217;s most biodiverse regions. The construction and ongoing operation of the corridor pose potential threats to these ecosystems, raising critical questions about conservation and environmental impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndigenous communities along the route face potential upheavals to traditional lifestyles. Balancing economic development with cultural heritage and environmental conservation requires careful consideration.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8f:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new 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Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting 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Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"91:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"92:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"93:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"94:T1de9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNeanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neanderthals\u0026#039; 60,000-year-old glue-making factory discovered in cave\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Birch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:25:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/fsfsdf.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1160\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"557\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-glue-factory-found\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Neanderthals made weapons from glue; 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60,000-year-old cave discovery stuns scientists\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:00:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"95:T1980,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFor centuries, Neanderthals were often portrayed as primitive, brutish beings. But a new discovery has challenged this long-held stereotype.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA Neanderthal glue-making structure has been uncovered at Vanguard Cave in Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eArchaeologists found a specialized hearth or “burning structure,” which they believe was used to create a prehistoric superglue: birch tar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery provides evidence of their advanced fire-using techniques, suggesting Neanderthals were more intelligent than previously thought.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"96:T7d2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Neanderthals were able to construct layered and complex hearths with specific technological objectives that could have included tool, medicine and/or weapon elaboration,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"557\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-122389\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg 811w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=300,206 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-s2.0-S0277379124005274-gr6.jpeg?resize=768,527 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe anthropogenic structure could have been made following these steps.\u0026nbsp; Journal \u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-glue-used-to-make-tools-and-weapons\"\u003eGlue used to make tools and weapons\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe discovery was made within a sedimentary layer dated to the period between 60,000 and 67,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts,” the researchers wrote in the study paper. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe location includes several prehistoric human caves. These caves were among the last known homes of Neanderthals in Europe, and before they eventually became extinct.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers suggest that the Neanderthals used the discovered structure for a specific purpose: heating rockrose plants under controlled conditions. To achieve this, they would have burned herbs and shrubs over a layer of guano mixed with sand.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"97:T6f8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe controlled environment, with limited oxygen, would have been crucial for the process of extracting birch tar from the rockrose plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBirch tar, a sticky, dark substance, served as a powerful adhesive, allowing the Neanderthals to craft tools and weapons with precision.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hydrogel superglue was produced for the underwater and inspired by organisms that fix themselves.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ooQA7KBFJto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neanderthals-performed-complex-tasks\"\u003eNeanderthals performed complex tasks\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team identified the hearth based on its remains in this seaside cave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe circular hearth, with its two channels and thick wall lining, deviates from the typical design of cooking fire pits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the hearth showed evidence of burning resinous plants, including charred wood and specific plant compounds linked to tar production from birch bark. This suggests a specialized use beyond simple cooking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team hypothesizes that the structure was used to heat rockrose plants under controlled conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer,” the authors stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"98:T88c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers built a structure similar to the one found in the archaeological site and attempted to replicate the process of producing birch tar. They successfully produced enough tar from rockrose leaves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery challenges the long-held stereotype, suggesting Neanderthals were capable of doing intricate tasks. Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/40000-year-old-tools-reveals-neanderthals-secret-weapon-finds-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethey likely\u003c/a\u003e had a deep understanding of materials and techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn another recent development, it was found that these prehistoric humans liked collecting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthal-children-collected-marine-fossils\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emarine fossils.\u003c/a\u003e Roughly 15 fossils, which seemed to be carefully selected and preserved, were found in Spain cave. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis further bolsters the evidence that Neanderthals were not dim-witted as assumed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124005274#sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuaternary Science Reviews.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHere we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ∼ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heating rockroses (Cistaceae) under anoxic conditions by burning herbs and shrubs, over a guano mixed with sand layer. We tested this hypothesis experimentally with success. The presence of levoglucosan and retene in the structure\u0026#8217;s matrix points to combustion of higher resinous plant-derived material. Our results advance our understanding of Neanderthal behavior, as the ability to organize activities related with the use of fire.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"99:T1975,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFrom Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch From Falcon to the Deadliest Viper Yet – F-16V on Interesting Engineering. 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Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9b:T465,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-16 Fighting Falcon, a cornerstone of modern air power, has cemented its legacy as one of the most versatile and widely used fighter jets in history. Renowned for its agility, reliability, and combat effectiveness, the F-16 has served in the air forces of more than 25 nations, proving its capabilities across diverse missions ranging from air superiority to precision ground strikes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe legacy of the F-16 evolves with the introduction of the F-16V \u0026#8220;Viper,\u0026#8221; the most advanced version of this iconic jet. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, including the APG-83 AESA radar, advanced avionics, and an all-digital electronic warfare suite, the F-16V brings unparalleled situational awareness and survivability to the battlefield. Its state-of-the-art glass cockpit, enhanced targeting systems like the Sniper ATP and Legion-ES\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" alt=\"™️\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/c04e1565-e350-4476-840a-a325108c5aab\"\u003e IRST, and automated safety features like the ground collision avoidance system, ensure the Viper is ready to meet the demands of modern warfare.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9c:T2039,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9d:T1769,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessel sectors for the world\u0026#8217;s largest fusion project, made in South Korea, have been delivered to the construction site in Cadarache, France.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFour of the nine vacuum vessel sectors for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) were built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9e:T961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9f:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a0:T70c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a1:T1c4c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture plant to suck 500,000 tons of CO2 yearly\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"},\"wordCount\":552,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Artist's rendering of a direct-air-capture facility powered by wind energy. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\",\"name\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture facility to be set up in US\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-22T11:37:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-22T11:38:53+00:00\",\"description\":\"In a global first, a 100 percent wind powered direct-air-capture (DAC) plant in Texas will remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DAC1.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Artist's rendering of a direct-air-capture facility powered by wind energy.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wind-powered-direct-air-capture-texas#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s 1st wind-powered carbon capture plant to suck 500,000 tons of CO2 yearly\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a2:T1414,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe world\u0026#8217;s first wind-powered carbon capture facility will be built in Tom Green County, Texas. Dubbed Project Concho, the facility aims to capture 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually beyond 2030 and will generate verified carbon credits of significant value, a press release said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the name suggests, direct air capture (DAC) technology allows for the capture of carbon directly from the air in an attempt to reduce the circulating CO2 in the atmosphere. This can help combat climate change and slow down the planet\u0026#8217;s warming. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a3:T48b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike other carbon capture approaches, which need to be applied at the source of carbon emissions, DAC can be deployed anywhere, even on non-arable land. Since CO2 concentration is far more diluted in the air, the technology is more energy-intensive to execute while also making it expensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its innovative approach and a global first, Project Concho is attempting \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/heres-how-co2-is-removed-from-the-atmosphere\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC\u003c/a\u003e using low-cost energy from a wind farm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-project-concho-nbsp\"\u003eWhat is Project Concho?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProject Concho is a collaborative effort between Return Carbon and Verified Carbon, two companies involved in the clean energy transition but operating in different parts of the world.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Carbon is part of the Return Group from the Netherlands, whose portfolio includes solar and energy storage projects. Verified Carbon is a spin-off from the University of Texas at Austin that is looking to deploy DAC technology while also creating new revenue opportunities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a4:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir collaborative project is being executed at Concho Valley in Tom Green County and will feature DAC equipment from Skytree Stratus. A spin-off from the European Space Agency (ESA), Skytree\u0026#8217;s patented equipment is easy to set up for any scale of DAC project while also being field upgradable as capture materials evolve over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe entire project will be powered by a nearby wind farm built and operated by Greenalia, an independent power producer focusing on sustainable power generation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Deploying \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDAC at scale\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to drive down costs across the value chain and achieve greater impact, and we are thrilled to provide the technology needed to bring Project Concho to life,\u0026#8221; said Elena Nikonova, VP of North America at Skytree in a press release. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn its first phase, the project aims to remove 50,000 tons of CO2 annually by 2030, but with expansion plans, it could potentially remove 500,000 tons of CO2 every year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a5:T8b3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg\" alt=\"carbon mitigation strategies\" class=\"wp-image-122299\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CCS.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCarbon mitigation strategies need to be cost-effective and scalable. Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/ShutthiphongChandaeng?mediatype=photography\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eShutthiphong Chandaeng\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe CO2 removed from the air will be stored underground, and verifiable carbon credits will be generated to be sold in the carbon markets.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA blueprint for future projects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a global first, this collaborative project provides a win-win for clean energy producers and DAC technology. The DAC ensures the offtake of wind farm energy while securing low-cost power. The carbon credits generated provide landowners new avenues for monetizing their assets while leading to a greener future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Project Concho brings significant benefits to the Concho Valley, providing new economic opportunities for landowners beyond traditional activities,\u0026#8221; said Coleman White, co-founder of Verified Carbon in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/return-and-verified-announce-first-100-wind-powered-direct-air-capture-hub-designed-to-scale-to-500-000-tons-annually-302312841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Projects like these allow us to maintain traditional land uses while benefiting from a new income source and supporting projects that sustain our environment and local economy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a6:T1dae,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS plans to beam wireless power to battlefields, no battery needed\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Under the contract, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-raytheon-directed-energy-wireless-power-beaming\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US plans to beam wireless power to battlefields, no battery needed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Under the contract, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-raytheon-directed-energy-wireless-power-beaming\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:35:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T11:35:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-93.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a7:T1157,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army has awarded Raytheon, an RTX business, a contract to work on directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe contract aims to build capabilities that will distribute power across the battlefield, simplify logistics, and safeguard locations for US troops.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe move has been carried out with an intention to make logistics simpler for the US troops by removing the need for moving fuel and batteries across the battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe directed energy wireless power system, once developed, would be able to beam energy directly to the units and systems that need it to function.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny army formation is dependent on a large number of food, ammunition, surveillance and strike capabilities. Their mobility is dependent on the supply lines functioning efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith modernization, there is a growing need for power in almost all departments on the battlefield – especially with the increasing role of drones, and other unmanned systems. This leads to a lot of batteries being carried, even by soldiers in their backpacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA battery running out of power on the battlefield \u0026#8211; where recharging is not an option \u0026#8211; can slow down the progress of an individual – and, as a result, the whole formation. Therefore, the directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities can be a game-changer in the long run.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-us-army-s-contract-to-raytheon-for-directed-energy\"\u003eUS Army’s contract to Raytheon for directed energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe work on the directed energy wireless power beaming capability is being conducted as\u0026nbsp;part of a larger effort under the Department of Defense\u0026#8217;s Operational Energy Strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder \u003ca href=\"https://www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2024/11/14/rtxs-raytheon-awarded-u-s-army-contract-for-wireless-power-beaming-technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe contract\u003c/a\u003e, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies to enable a long-range demonstration in line with the requirements of the US Army\u0026#8217;s manned and unmanned systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capability to beam power wirelessly will significantly reduce the need for troops to carry additional fuel and batteries, easing their logistics, increasing their operation time, and safeguarding their locations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, wireless power enables energy uniformity in the battlespace, \u003ca href=\"https://newatlas.com/military/us-army-taps-raytheon-replace-fuel-lines-beam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eallowing\u003c/a\u003e ease of capture and delivery of energy to sensor systems without the need for concentrated fuel depots that could be vulnerable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Wireless power and data can provide enhanced capability in the future manned and unmanned teaming battlespace,\u0026#8221; said\u0026nbsp;Colin Whelan, president of Advanced Technology at Raytheon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This is extremely important in highly contested threat environments where operations are challenged.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-past-works-in-this-direction\"\u003ePast works in this direction\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/darpa-laser-power-transfer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e(DARPA\u003c/a\u003e) had awarded a contract to Raytheon to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wireless-energy-transmission-darpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign and develop\u003c/a\u003e a wireless, airborne relay system to transfer energy in contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project had a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimple\u003c/a\u003e goal: giving US the ability to power anything on the battlefield from anywhere. It was a two-year, $10 million contract which asked the company to create a Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER) system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe POWER system would have used a number of high-altitude unmanned vessels, which would be equipped with laser-based power receiving and transmission facilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt the time, DARPA had predicted that the tech could also be used in civilian situations to provide relief in case of natural disasters and power up devices in remote regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a8:T57e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-us-army-s-contract-to-raytheon-for-directed-energy\"\u003eUS Army’s contract to Raytheon for directed energy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe work on the directed energy wireless power beaming capability is being conducted as\u0026nbsp;part of a larger effort under the Department of Defense\u0026#8217;s Operational Energy Strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder \u003ca href=\"https://www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2024/11/14/rtxs-raytheon-awarded-u-s-army-contract-for-wireless-power-beaming-technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe contract\u003c/a\u003e, Raytheon’s Advanced Technology team will develop advanced wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies to enable a long-range demonstration in line with the requirements of the US Army\u0026#8217;s manned and unmanned systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe capability to beam power wirelessly will significantly reduce the need for troops to carry additional fuel and batteries, easing their logistics, increasing their operation time, and safeguarding their locations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, wireless power enables energy uniformity in the battlespace, \u003ca href=\"https://newatlas.com/military/us-army-taps-raytheon-replace-fuel-lines-beam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eallowing\u003c/a\u003e ease of capture and delivery of energy to sensor systems without the need for concentrated fuel depots that could be vulnerable.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a9:T594,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Wireless power and data can provide enhanced capability in the future manned and unmanned teaming battlespace,\u0026#8221; said\u0026nbsp;Colin Whelan, president of Advanced Technology at Raytheon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This is extremely important in highly contested threat environments where operations are challenged.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-past-works-in-this-direction\"\u003ePast works in this direction\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/darpa-laser-power-transfer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e(DARPA\u003c/a\u003e) had awarded a contract to Raytheon to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/wireless-energy-transmission-darpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edesign and develop\u003c/a\u003e a wireless, airborne relay system to transfer energy in contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project had a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimple\u003c/a\u003e goal: giving US the ability to power anything on the battlefield from anywhere. It was a two-year, $10 million contract which asked the company to create a Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER) system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe POWER system would have used a number of high-altitude unmanned vessels, which would be equipped with laser-based power receiving and transmission facilities.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"aa:T228e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New solar cell coating triples efficiency, stability, conversion rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new coating, developed by Northwestern University scientists, was 10 times more resistant to decomposition in perovskite solar cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T13:11:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-24.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new 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Yang, a postdoctoral fellow co-advised by Ted Sargent and Mercouri Kanatzidis, is first author of the study which improves the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend their life and enhance performance.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Solar cell efficiency skyrockets to 26.3% power conversion rate with new coating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting 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Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ac:T579,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-protective-layer\"\u003eProtective layer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern’s Bin Chen, who co-led the study, stated that the researchers have been working on the stability of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/passivated-perovskite-solar-cells-25-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperovskite\u003c/a\u003e solar cells for a long time. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChen highlighted that most reports focus on improving the stability of the perovskite material itself, overlooking the protective layers.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;By improving the protective layer, we were able to enhance the perovskite solar cells’ overall performance,\u0026#8221; added Chen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePerovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/blade-coated-perovskite-solar-cells-kaust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eproduction\u003c/a\u003e costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from their crystal structure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese materials are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts. Perovskites commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are more specifically called “metal-halide perovskites” since they are made of a combination of organic ions, metals, and halogens; perovskites in other applications may be made of oxygen instead of halogens and are usually entirely inorganic.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ad:T532,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-stability-of-passivation-layers\"\u003eThermal stability of passivation layers\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study, published in the journal Science, highlights the development of a library of amidinium ligands to increase the thermal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-generation-perovskite-solar-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estability\u003c/a\u003e of passivation layers on perovskite surfaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strategy resulted in a \u0026gt;10-fold reduction in the ligand deprotonation equilibrium constant and a twofold increase in the maintenance of photoluminescence quantum yield after aging at 85°C under illumination in air, according to the study.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNorthwestern’s Mercouri Kanatzidis, who co-led the study, stated that the new research addresses one of the critical barriers to widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells — stability under real-world conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-significantly-advanced-durability\"\u003eSignificantly advanced durability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“By chemically reinforcing the protective layers, we’ve significantly advanced the durability of these cells without compromising their exceptional efficiency, bringing us closer to a practical, low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics,\u0026#8221; said Kanatzidis.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ae:T559,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers also underlined that the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells typically have ammonium ligands as a passivation layer. However, ammonium tends to break down under thermal stress. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey did some chemistry to convert the unstable ammonium into a more stable amidinium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The researchers performed this conversion through a process known as amidination, in which the ammonium group is replaced with a more stable amidinium group. This innovation prevented the perovskite cells from breaking down over time — especially when exposed to extreme heat,\u0026#8221; said a \u003ca href=\"https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/11/stability-of-perovskite-solar-cells-doubled-with-protective-coating/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers maintained that the resulting solar cell achieved an impressive 26.3% efficiency, which means it successfully converted 26.3% of absorbed sunlight into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe coated solar cell also retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,100 hours of testing under harsh conditions, demonstrating a T90 lifetime three times longer than before when exposed to heat and light, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"af:T2039,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"South Korea delivers four ITER vacuum vessel sectors to France, boosting plasma stability and radiation shielding for fusion energy research.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T12:05:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b1:T961,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea was originally assigned two ITER vacuum vessel sectors but took on two more in 2016, increasing its responsibility to four.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-precision-welding-mastery\"\u003ePrecision welding mastery\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel plays a crucial role in nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion\u003c/a\u003e, creating the high-vacuum environment needed to sustain ultra-high-temperature plasma. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing 5,000 tons, this massive structure is composed of nine sectors and features 44 ports for key functions like diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling. With an interior volume of 1,400 m³, the vessel offers a unique experimental arena for advancing fusion research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg\" alt=\"Completed assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122310\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145645.363.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCompleted assembly of the ITER Vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructed in four segments per sector, the assembly process involves over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) of precision welding. Maintaining tolerances within a few millimeters is essential to ensure the proper integration of internal components, reflecting the advanced fabrication and engineering required for such a complex structure. Its double \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esteel\u003c/a\u003e walls are equipped with circulating cooling water to dissipate heat generated during operations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b2:T49d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel’s interior is lined with actively cooled blanket modules, providing shielding from high-energy neutrons produced by fusion reactions. Some modules will also support future studies by testing materials for tritium breeding concepts, a step vital for sustaining fusion power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the National Research Council of Science and Technology, by facilitating plasma confinement in a high-energy regime, the ITER vacuum vessel represents a landmark achievement in fusion technology, pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thermal-shielding-breakthrough\"\u003eThermal shielding breakthrough\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first vacuum vessel sector for ITER was delivered to ITER in August 2020 after it was taken off the assembly line in April 2020. The final sector sailed on August 24, 2024, and it went through the ITER gates after circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAfrica\u003c/a\u003e and continuing north to the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b3:T70c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWork started on the first of the four enormous components in October 2012. Two six-meter steel slabs that were 60 millimeters thick were shaped using high-pressure water jet cutting. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping process of the ITER vaccum vessel sector.\" class=\"wp-image-122312\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145804.401.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe shipping process of the ITER vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe press forming was followed by heat treatment to relieve internal metal tension, machining, welding, drilling (hundreds of holes, at 11 hours per hole), and finally assembling and welding the four segments and set of ports that make up the finalized vacuum vessel sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eITER noted that two layers of thermal shielding are placed between the vacuum vessel and cryostat to reduce heat transfer from warm components to those operating at 4.5K, like the magnets. This setup decreases heat loads by over two orders of magnitude, ensuring the cryoplant can manage the residual heat with a practical capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b4:T1f88,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b5:T1922,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b6:T651,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b7:T4fa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b8:T7d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b9:T225e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina\u0026#039;s balloon-integrated solar system boosts output in cold climates\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers developed a portable balloon-mounted PV system, showing high efficiency and CO2 reduction in mid to high-latitude regions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-balloon-integrated-solar-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China\u0026#039;s balloon-integrated solar system boosts output in cold climates\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers developed a portable balloon-mounted PV system, showing high efficiency and CO2 reduction in mid to high-latitude regions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-balloon-integrated-solar-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T18:34:50+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T18:34:59+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-23.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"2024-11-21T18:34:50+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ba:T1b69,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA team of researchers in China has developed a portable balloon-mounted photovoltaic system, offering a viable solution for emergency solar power generation in mid to high-latitude regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a new study, the photovoltaic potential of 10,000 balloon-integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPVS) across various latitudes was assessed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, BIPVSs at high latitudes showed higher average output during effective working months. Over their lifecycle, BIPVSs in selected cities can generate 480–700 GWh of power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, these systems help reduce CO2 emissions by 696 grams per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced, highlighting their environmental benefits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-pv-challenges\"\u003eOvercoming PV challenges\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the rising global temperatures, the concepts of carbon neutrality and zero emissions have garnered significant attention. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSolar\u003c/a\u003e energy, being the most abundant, eco-friendly, widely distributed, and cost-effective source of power, has become increasingly crucial. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, global solar PV generation surged by 179 TWh, a 22 percent increase from the previous year. This brought the total solar generation to over 1000 TWh, which now accounts for 3.6 percent of global power, alongside hydropower and wind power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, combining solar PV with tracking, self-cleaning, concentrating, and building integration technologies has proven effective in enhancing PV performance and optimizing solar energy use. However, several challenges remain in PV system design and installation, including excessive land use, geographical adaptability, and shading from buildings or vegetation. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg\" alt=\"The system provides an efficient and feasible solution for PV power generation in mid-to-high latitudes. \" class=\"wp-image-122121\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe system provides an efficient and feasible solution for PV power generation in mid-to-high latitudes.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePV systems are generally categorized into centralized and distributed systems. Centralized systems are typically installed in remote areas but face issues with power loss and high transmission costs. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDistributed PV systems, however, offer flexibility, lower transmission losses, and land conservation benefits. Fixed distributed systems, such as rooftop or building-integrated PVs, require tailored designs to fit specific structures, leading to higher costs and longer installation times. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFlexible distributed PV systems offer portability, adaptability, and ease of deployment, making them ideal for areas where fixed systems are impractical.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boosting-solar-efficiency\"\u003eBoosting solar efficiency\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/diamonds-in-the-sky-can-solve-global-warming-problem-find-swiss-scientists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eClimate\u003c/a\u003e, season, and geographic location significantly influence solar radiation and sunshine duration, especially in high-latitude areas like northern Europe, where winter conditions can hinder PV system performance. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFixed PV systems are less suitable for these regions, but the flexible system, with its small scale and diverse applications, is better suited for integration with portable design and concentration technologies. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new BIPVS consists of a customized balloon, 19 percent-efficient thin-film cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, an exhaust valve, control and storage modules, fixed ropes, a cord reel, and both upper and lower arc surfaces. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe upper hemisphere, made from transparent material, captures solar radiation from all directions and has light-concentrating effects due to its refractive properties. According to PV Magazine, the lower arc surface minimizes the installation area of the solar cells without compromising light harvesting efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Problem With Solar Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XMdeEpMCalk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe solar cells are positioned beneath the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/mysterious-balloon-spotted-over-us-sparks-curiosity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eballoon\u003c/a\u003e to protect them from dust, snow, and hail. The exhaust valve controls gas discharge to manage pressure from sun exposure. The control and storage modules handle power conversion, storage, monitoring, and protection. The system is stabilized by four cables and a fixed rope that links the balloon to the control module and cord reel on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimulations were conducted to analyze system performance at five locations: Vasteras, Sweden; Vancouver, Canada; New York, USA; and Shanghai and Hong Kong, China. Shadowing effects were not considered as the system was assumed to be deployed at low altitudes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs reported by \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/11/21/balloon-integrated-pv-system-for-emergency-power-needs-at-low-altitude/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePV Magazine\u003c/a\u003e, researchers claim the BIPVSs generate an average monthly power of 3.337–4.275 GWh during effective months. Over their lifecycle, they produce 479.492–708.334 GWh, with profits ranging from 12.946 million USD to 107.369 million USD and return on investment between 35.5 percent–294.8 percent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe details of the team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S036054422403500X?dgcid=author\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were published in the journal \u003cem\u003eEnergy\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bb:T525,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, these systems help reduce CO2 emissions by 696 grams per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced, highlighting their environmental benefits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-pv-challenges\"\u003eOvercoming PV challenges\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the rising global temperatures, the concepts of carbon neutrality and zero emissions have garnered significant attention. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSolar\u003c/a\u003e energy, being the most abundant, eco-friendly, widely distributed, and cost-effective source of power, has become increasingly crucial. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, global solar PV generation surged by 179 TWh, a 22 percent increase from the previous year. This brought the total solar generation to over 1000 TWh, which now accounts for 3.6 percent of global power, alongside hydropower and wind power. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, combining solar PV with tracking, self-cleaning, concentrating, and building integration technologies has proven effective in enhancing PV performance and optimizing solar energy use. However, several challenges remain in PV system design and installation, including excessive land use, geographical adaptability, and shading from buildings or vegetation. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bc:T8cc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg\" alt=\"The system provides an efficient and feasible solution for PV power generation in mid-to-high latitudes. \" class=\"wp-image-122121\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-21T181354.324.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe system provides an efficient and feasible solution for PV power generation in mid-to-high latitudes.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePV systems are generally categorized into centralized and distributed systems. Centralized systems are typically installed in remote areas but face issues with power loss and high transmission costs. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDistributed PV systems, however, offer flexibility, lower transmission losses, and land conservation benefits. Fixed distributed systems, such as rooftop or building-integrated PVs, require tailored designs to fit specific structures, leading to higher costs and longer installation times. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFlexible distributed PV systems offer portability, adaptability, and ease of deployment, making them ideal for areas where fixed systems are impractical.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boosting-solar-efficiency\"\u003eBoosting solar efficiency\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/diamonds-in-the-sky-can-solve-global-warming-problem-find-swiss-scientists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eClimate\u003c/a\u003e, season, and geographic location significantly influence solar radiation and sunshine duration, especially in high-latitude areas like northern Europe, where winter conditions can hinder PV system performance. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bd:T753,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFixed PV systems are less suitable for these regions, but the flexible system, with its small scale and diverse applications, is better suited for integration with portable design and concentration technologies. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new BIPVS consists of a customized balloon, 19 percent-efficient thin-film cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, an exhaust valve, control and storage modules, fixed ropes, a cord reel, and both upper and lower arc surfaces. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe upper hemisphere, made from transparent material, captures solar radiation from all directions and has light-concentrating effects due to its refractive properties. According to PV Magazine, the lower arc surface minimizes the installation area of the solar cells without compromising light harvesting efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Problem With Solar Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XMdeEpMCalk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe solar cells are positioned beneath the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/mysterious-balloon-spotted-over-us-sparks-curiosity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eballoon\u003c/a\u003e to protect them from dust, snow, and hail. The exhaust valve controls gas discharge to manage pressure from sun exposure. The control and storage modules handle power conversion, storage, monitoring, and protection. The system is stabilized by four cables and a fixed rope that links the balloon to the control module and cord reel on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"be:T1fee,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew non-flammable battery offers 10x more energy, lasts 110 hours\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Alsym Energy\u0026#039;s high-performance, inherently non-flammable, and non-toxic batteries are aimed at replacing lithium cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New non-flammable battery offers 10x more energy, lasts 110 hours\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alsym Energy\u0026#039;s high-performance, inherently non-flammable, and non-toxic batteries are aimed at replacing lithium cells.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T14:50:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T14:50:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-20.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-21T14:50:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T14:50:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\"},\"wordCount\":596,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-20.png\",\"caption\":\"Alsym battery\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-20.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Battery\",\"Energy \u0026amp; 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However, making batteries safer in different conditions during their widespread use hasn\u0026#8217;t been an easy task for developers. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome battery fire incidents have also weakened customers\u0026#8217; interest in electric vehicles and larger machines powered by batteries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this regard, a startup has developed a non-flammable battery. Alsym Energy\u0026#8217;s high-performance, inherently non-flammable, and non-toxic batteries are aimed at replacing lithium cells. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eClaimed to be a low-cost solution, Alsym\u0026#8217;s batteries support a wide range of discharge durations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-battery-chemistry\"\u003eNew battery chemistry\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company maintains that its new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catl-announces-2nd-gen-sodium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebattery\u003c/a\u003e chemistry is unrelated to anything currently available on the market.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTheir metal-oxide battery chemistry leverages a mechanism analogous to the one found in lithium-ion batteries, with the working ion shuttling between the anode and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catl-announces-2nd-gen-sodium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecathode\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough functionally similar to lithium-ion cells, Alsym\u0026#8217;s batteries utilize non-flammable, non-toxic materials and a water-based electrolyte.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dendrite-free\"\u003eDendrite-free\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis design makes Alsym cells inherently dendrite-free, preventing thermal runaway and its potentially disastrous consequences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym co-founder and MIT Professor Kripa Varanasi stated that renewables are intermittent, so \u0026#8220;you need storage, and to really solve the decarbonization problem, we need to be able to make these \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ion-speed-record-with-superhighway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e anywhere at low cost.\u0026#8221;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company believes its batteries, which are currently being tested by potential customers around the world, hold enormous potential to decarbonize the high-emissions industrial manufacturing sector, and they see other applications ranging from mining to powering data centers, homes, and utilities, reported \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMIT News.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flexible-storage-durations\"\u003eFlexible storage durations\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym maintains that it uses sustainable, non-toxic materials, reducing environmental impact and supply chain risks. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also offers more flexible storage durations, ranging from 2 to 110 hours, making it adaptable for various energy storage needs. And it is high performance in terms of round trip efficiency (RTE), \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-catl-solid-state-battery-production-by-2027\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epower\u003c/a\u003e output, and charging speed. Finally, its levelized cost of storage is comparable to or lower than lithium-ion for stationary storage solutions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alsym.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording\u003c/a\u003e to the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym claims that its batteries are a safe and non-toxic alternative to lithium cells. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, which can pose fire hazards, Alsym\u0026#8217;s battery is designed to avoid these risks, offering a safer solution for residential and commercial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Compared to other non-lithium batteries, Alsym Green has 2-10X higher energy density, making it a more space-efficient and powerful solution for 20′ containerized DC blocks,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.alsym.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e the company in a statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Further, it has best in class round trip efficiency (RTE) of 92%, fast charge (C/4), low self-discharge (\u0026lt;0.25% per day), and configurable discharge durations from 2-110 hrs. Overall, it has a performance profile that no other non-lithium battery can match.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-7-megawatt-hours-of-electricity\"\u003e1.7 megawatt hours of electricity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the batteries don’t quite reach the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, Varanasi says Alsym is first among alternative chemistries at the system-level. He stated that 20-foot containers of Alsym’s batteries can provide 1.7 megawatt hours of electricity, according to \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMIT News\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym co-founder and CEO Mukesh Chatter stated that the company is enabling the decarbonization of markets, which was not possible before. Chatter highlighted that no chemical or steel plant would dare put a lithium battery close to their premises because of their flammability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We’re highly configurable, and that’s important because depending on where you are, you can sometimes run on two cycles a day with solar, and in combination with wind, you could truly get 24/7 electricity,” \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Chatter. “The need to do multiday or long duration storage is a small part of the market, but we support that too.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c0:T766,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-battery-chemistry\"\u003eNew battery chemistry\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company maintains that its new \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catl-announces-2nd-gen-sodium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebattery\u003c/a\u003e chemistry is unrelated to anything currently available on the market.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTheir metal-oxide battery chemistry leverages a mechanism analogous to the one found in lithium-ion batteries, with the working ion shuttling between the anode and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catl-announces-2nd-gen-sodium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecathode\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough functionally similar to lithium-ion cells, Alsym\u0026#8217;s batteries utilize non-flammable, non-toxic materials and a water-based electrolyte.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dendrite-free\"\u003eDendrite-free\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis design makes Alsym cells inherently dendrite-free, preventing thermal runaway and its potentially disastrous consequences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym co-founder and MIT Professor Kripa Varanasi stated that renewables are intermittent, so \u0026#8220;you need storage, and to really solve the decarbonization problem, we need to be able to make these \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ion-speed-record-with-superhighway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e anywhere at low cost.\u0026#8221;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company believes its batteries, which are currently being tested by potential customers around the world, hold enormous potential to decarbonize the high-emissions industrial manufacturing sector, and they see other applications ranging from mining to powering data centers, homes, and utilities, reported \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMIT News.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c1:T5b2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flexible-storage-durations\"\u003eFlexible storage durations\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym maintains that it uses sustainable, non-toxic materials, reducing environmental impact and supply chain risks. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also offers more flexible storage durations, ranging from 2 to 110 hours, making it adaptable for various energy storage needs. And it is high performance in terms of round trip efficiency (RTE), \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-catl-solid-state-battery-production-by-2027\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epower\u003c/a\u003e output, and charging speed. Finally, its levelized cost of storage is comparable to or lower than lithium-ion for stationary storage solutions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alsym.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eaccording\u003c/a\u003e to the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym claims that its batteries are a safe and non-toxic alternative to lithium cells. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, which can pose fire hazards, Alsym\u0026#8217;s battery is designed to avoid these risks, offering a safer solution for residential and commercial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Compared to other non-lithium batteries, Alsym Green has 2-10X higher energy density, making it a more space-efficient and powerful solution for 20′ containerized DC blocks,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.alsym.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e the company in a statement.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c2:T68e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Further, it has best in class round trip efficiency (RTE) of 92%, fast charge (C/4), low self-discharge (\u0026lt;0.25% per day), and configurable discharge durations from 2-110 hrs. Overall, it has a performance profile that no other non-lithium battery can match.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-7-megawatt-hours-of-electricity\"\u003e1.7 megawatt hours of electricity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the batteries don’t quite reach the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, Varanasi says Alsym is first among alternative chemistries at the system-level. He stated that 20-foot containers of Alsym’s batteries can provide 1.7 megawatt hours of electricity, according to \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMIT News\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlsym co-founder and CEO Mukesh Chatter stated that the company is enabling the decarbonization of markets, which was not possible before. Chatter highlighted that no chemical or steel plant would dare put a lithium battery close to their premises because of their flammability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We’re highly configurable, and that’s important because depending on where you are, you can sometimes run on two cycles a day with solar, and in combination with wind, you could truly get 24/7 electricity,” \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/alsym-nonflammable-battery-power-safer-decarbonized-future-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Chatter. “The need to do multiday or long duration storage is a small part of the market, but we support that too.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c3:T1f88,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New heat-to-electricity tech beats battery storage with 60% efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists develop a revolutionary thermal emitter with 60% efficiency, paving the way for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:56:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra 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content=\"2024-11-22T10:55:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c4:T1922,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c5:T651,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES require low-cost materials, have much longer lifespans compared to batteries, and are easier to scale up for grid-sized systems. They can stabilize renewable energy grids by storing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/solar-power-fuels-over-36-of-electricity-demand-in-texas-for-5-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eextra solar\u003c/a\u003e or wind power when it\u0026#8217;s available and supplying it during peak demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Rice University have developed a highly efficient thermal emitter that can contribute to the development of practical and scalable \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eTES systems\u003c/a\u003e. A thermal emitter is the key component in TES that absorbs heat, gets hot and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/9_Technology%20Strategy%20Assessment%20-%20%239%20Thermal%20Energy%20Storage_508.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econverts heat \u003c/a\u003einto electromagnetic radiation, which is then captured by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-significance-of-a-good-thermal-emitter\"\u003eThe significance of a good thermal emitter\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTES designs often use a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for heat-to-electricity conversion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This systems involve two main components ⎯ photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert light into electricity and thermal emitters that turn heat into light. Both of these components have to work well for the system to be efficient,” the Rice University team notes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c6:T4fa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now scientists have largely focused on improving PV cell technology. However, the main hurdle in realizing practical TPV systems is the energy losses during conversion. This is where \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethermal emitters\u003c/a\u003e, the technology that receives comparatively less attention, come into play.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn efficient thermal emitter is crucial to minimize the loss of energy as it gets converted from heat to electricity. Unfortunately, traditional TPV designs have, so far, failed to incorporate such a device.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using conventional design approaches limits thermal emitters’ design space, and what you end up with is one of two scenarios: practical, low-performance devices or high-performance emitters that are hard to integrate into real-world applications,” Gururaj Naik, one of the study authors and an associate professor at Rice University, said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this innovation, “we essentially showed how to achieve the best possible performance for the emitter given realistic, practical design constraints,” Ciril Samuel Prasad, study co-author and graduate student at Rice University, added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c7:T7d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-innovation-with-talking-resonators\"\u003eAn innovation with talking resonators\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Rice University researchers arranged numerous silicon nanocylinders on a metal sheet made of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/ep-6-why-tungsten-have-a-great-impact-on-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etungsten\u003c/a\u003e to make the thermal detector. When this system receives heat, photons are released. Meanwhile, the nanocylinders behave as resonators designed to absorb specific wavelengths or energies of these photons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should We Put Solar Panels on Water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GL7PQWwPYas?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey interact or “talk” with one another in a way that lets them selectively pick and emit only the photons with the right energy. These photons are then sent to the photovoltaic (PV) cells, where they can be converted into electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This selective emission, achieved through insights from quantum physics, maximizes energy conversion and allows for higher efficiencies than previously possible,” the study authors note.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the quantum effects, the resonators are able to control photons released at the quantum level, ensuring that only the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quantum-entanglement-quantum-microscopy-by-correction-photons-high-resolution-imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emost useful photons\u003c/a\u003e for the photovoltaic (PV) cell are emitted, improving the overall efficiency of the system.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c8:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eGene-edited mosquitoes deliver malaria vaccine with 89% success rate\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In clinical trials, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver malaria vaccine safely. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gene-edited mosquitoes deliver malaria vaccine with 89% success rate\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In clinical trials, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver malaria vaccine safely. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"2024-11-22T10:38:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c9:T147d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eMalaria, a disease that has plagued humanity for centuries, continues to claim millions of lives each year. But scientists may have found a new way to combat this deadly disease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn clinical trials, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver the malaria vaccine safely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis novel vaccination strategy involves using genetically modified mosquitoes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team investigated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e – the parasite responsible for the most severe form of malaria.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explored the possibility of genetically modifying \u003cem\u003eP. falciparum \u003c/em\u003eto function as a vaccine rather than a disease-causing agent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese mosquitoes carry a weakened form of the malaria parasite, designed to trigger a powerful immune response in humans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stops-the-multiplication-of-parasites-in-the-body\"\u003eStops the multiplication of parasites in the body\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese parasites sneak into the liver and then invade red blood cells, causing havoc in the human body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe currently licensed vaccines offer limited protection. These subunit vaccines target specific proteins in the malaria parasite, inducing an immune response. However, the parasite\u0026#8217;s ability to mutate and evade the immune system often limits the long-term efficacy of these vaccines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLive-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e parasites offer a promising alternative vaccination strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen administered as a vaccine, these weakened parasites stimulate a robust immune response against multiple stages of the parasite\u0026#8217;s life cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Currently licensed and approved malaria subunit vaccines provide modest, short-lived protection against malaria. Immunization with live-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e malaria parasites is an alternative vaccination strategy that has potential to improve protection,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How does genetic engineering work?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eoUCt8GjbCg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-provides-89-percent-protection-against-malaria\"\u003eProvides 89 percent protection against malaria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the trial, the volunteers were bitten by mosquitoes carrying a special, modified version of the malaria \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparasite\u003c/a\u003e. The idea is that by exposing people to a controlled dose of the parasite, their immune systems can learn to fight off future infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, the engineered parasites were programmed to undergo developmental arrest shortly after entering the body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vaccine used a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenetically modified\u003c/a\u003e malaria parasite (GA2) designed to stop developing early in the human liver. It ceases development six days after infecting a person, right when it\u0026#8217;s about to multiply in the liver.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants were divided into three groups: one group received the GA2 vaccine, another received an earlier version (GA1), and the control group received bites from uninfected mosquitoes. The primary goal was to assess the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to prevent malaria infection and its safety profile.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter three weeks, both groups were exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes to assess their level of protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore being exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes, both groups showed increased antibody levels. However, the GA1 group had a lower protection rate (13 percent) compared to the group bitten by GA2 parasite at 89 percent. The only reported side effects were minor itching from the mosquito bites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Protective efficacy against subsequent controlled human malaria infection was observed in 8 of 9 participants (89 percent) in the GA2 group, in 1 of 8 participants (13 percent) in the GA1 group, and in 0 of 3 participants in the placebo group,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUp next, the researchers plan to conduct a larger trial. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach could significantly reduce the global burden of malaria, particularly in regions where the disease is most prevalent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial findings were published in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New England Journal of Medicine. \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ca:T44c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team investigated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e – the parasite responsible for the most severe form of malaria.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey explored the possibility of genetically modifying \u003cem\u003eP. falciparum \u003c/em\u003eto function as a vaccine rather than a disease-causing agent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese mosquitoes carry a weakened form of the malaria parasite, designed to trigger a powerful immune response in humans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stops-the-multiplication-of-parasites-in-the-body\"\u003eStops the multiplication of parasites in the body\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese parasites sneak into the liver and then invade red blood cells, causing havoc in the human body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe currently licensed vaccines offer limited protection. These subunit vaccines target specific proteins in the malaria parasite, inducing an immune response. However, the parasite\u0026#8217;s ability to mutate and evade the immune system often limits the long-term efficacy of these vaccines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLive-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e parasites offer a promising alternative vaccination strategy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cb:T8aa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen administered as a vaccine, these weakened parasites stimulate a robust immune response against multiple stages of the parasite\u0026#8217;s life cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Currently licensed and approved malaria subunit vaccines provide modest, short-lived protection against malaria. Immunization with live-attenuated \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e malaria parasites is an alternative vaccination strategy that has potential to improve protection,” the study noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How does genetic engineering work?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eoUCt8GjbCg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-provides-89-percent-protection-against-malaria\"\u003eProvides 89 percent protection against malaria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the trial, the volunteers were bitten by mosquitoes carrying a special, modified version of the malaria \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparasite\u003c/a\u003e. The idea is that by exposing people to a controlled dose of the parasite, their immune systems can learn to fight off future infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03817-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, the engineered parasites were programmed to undergo developmental arrest shortly after entering the body.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vaccine used a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenetically modified\u003c/a\u003e malaria parasite (GA2) designed to stop developing early in the human liver. It ceases development six days after infecting a person, right when it\u0026#8217;s about to multiply in the liver.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cc:T1c16,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS eyes new nuclear deterrence to counter Russia, China threats\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The department\u0026#039;s report states that US needs integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support nuclear deterrence mission.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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Johnson, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Policy (N-CWMD).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Department of Defense (DOD) is examining these changes in the security environment and the resulting steps that might have to be taken in view of China\u0026#8217;s and Russia\u0026#8217;s enhanced capabilities. Furthermore, the possible lack of a nuclear arms control agreement after February 2025 might warrant an even more focused approach.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson made these comments while speaking on a panel at the Center for Strategic and International Studies Project on Nuclear Issues event in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe further stated that the US nuclear modernization program of record might be insufficient going forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-changes-proposed-by-new-report-on-us-nuclear-deterrence\"\u003eChanges proposed by new report on US nuclear deterrence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson stated that the DOD, in partnership with the National Nuclear Security Administration, has taken some steps to field capabilities to enhance the country’s nuclear deterrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these measures is the B61-13 gravity bomb, delivered by aircraft. Further, it is also ensuring the enhanced readiness of nuclear armed and powered Ohio-class submarines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration would produce the B61-13, which is a modern variant of the B61.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe department submitted a report to Congress on November 15 that enlisted the country’s nuclear employment strategy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3975117/dod-adjusts-nuclear-deterrence-strategy-as-nuclear-peer-adversaries-escalate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eas revealed\u003c/a\u003e by Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 491 report also accounts for the new challenges that the US faces because of the growth, modernization, and increasing diversity of potential adversaries\u0026#8217; arsenals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the report\u0026#8217;s key highlights is that the US plans to deter multiple adversaries simultaneously. It also states that the US requires the integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support the nuclear deterrence mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report also asks for the US to focus on escalation management planning for responding to limited nuclear attacks or high-consequence, non-nuclear strategic attacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also calls for the US to enable deeper consultation, coordination, and combined planning with allies and partners to strengthen extended deterrence commitments. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGrant Schneider, vice deputy director for strategic stability at the Joint Staff, who also spoke, said that another part of the report is the significant intellectual and analytical work required to identify the range of scenarios and strategic circumstances that the U.S. might face alongside its allies going into the 2030s.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To be prepared for the 2030s, we have to modernize our nuclear forces, the nuclear command and control, and the associated infrastructure that will allow us to be flexible and adjust over time as new challenges arise, whether that\u0026#8217;s new threats or potential changes or delays in our modernization,\u0026#8221; Schneider said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-growing-threats-to-the-us-from-adversaries\"\u003eGrowing threats to the US from adversaries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) launched its Yearbook, which stated that China is expanding its nuclear arsenal faster than any other country on the globe.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SIPRI Yearbook 2024 also stated that Russia is on top of the military stockpile list with 4,380 nukes. The number is not\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3266808/china-expanding-nuclear-arsenal-faster-any-other-country-report-says-still-lags-behind-us-and-russia?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=homepage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einclusive\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;of the retired warheads which the countries are in the process of dismantling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereport revealed\u003c/a\u003e that China’s arsenal increased from 410 warheads in January 2023 to 500 in January 2024, and it is expected to keep growing. It is an approximate 20% rise in a single year, which is massive.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also mentioned that the Asian giant might be shifting its policies regarding nukes as it has likely also started\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/demonstration-nuclear-explosion-warning-russia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeploying a few warheads\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;on missiles during peacetime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, North Korea – an ally of China and Russia – has assembled around 50 warheads, as per the SIPRI Yearbook. It added that the country has enough ‘fissile material to reach a total of up to 90 warheads.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecent use\u003c/a\u003e of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) by Russia to hit Ukraine for the first time has also raised eyebrows globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s claimed to be the first military use of ICBM, which can carry nuclear warheads, in an active war.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRussia had also \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecently changed\u003c/a\u003e its doctrine to lower the threshold for nuclear weapons use. With this, Russia can now use high-potential weapons in instances when a non-nuclear state supported by nuclear power attacks its territory.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ce:T543,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson made these comments while speaking on a panel at the Center for Strategic and International Studies Project on Nuclear Issues event in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe further stated that the US nuclear modernization program of record might be insufficient going forward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-changes-proposed-by-new-report-on-us-nuclear-deterrence\"\u003eChanges proposed by new report on US nuclear deterrence\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJohnson stated that the DOD, in partnership with the National Nuclear Security Administration, has taken some steps to field capabilities to enhance the country’s nuclear deterrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these measures is the B61-13 gravity bomb, delivered by aircraft. Further, it is also ensuring the enhanced readiness of nuclear armed and powered Ohio-class submarines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration would produce the B61-13, which is a modern variant of the B61.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe department submitted a report to Congress on November 15 that enlisted the country’s nuclear employment strategy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3975117/dod-adjusts-nuclear-deterrence-strategy-as-nuclear-peer-adversaries-escalate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eas revealed\u003c/a\u003e by Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cf:T477,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 491 report also accounts for the new challenges that the US faces because of the growth, modernization, and increasing diversity of potential adversaries\u0026#8217; arsenals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the report\u0026#8217;s key highlights is that the US plans to deter multiple adversaries simultaneously. It also states that the US requires the integration of non-nuclear capabilities, where feasible, to support the nuclear deterrence mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report also asks for the US to focus on escalation management planning for responding to limited nuclear attacks or high-consequence, non-nuclear strategic attacks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also calls for the US to enable deeper consultation, coordination, and combined planning with allies and partners to strengthen extended deterrence commitments. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGrant Schneider, vice deputy director for strategic stability at the Joint Staff, who also spoke, said that another part of the report is the significant intellectual and analytical work required to identify the range of scenarios and strategic circumstances that the U.S. might face alongside its allies going into the 2030s.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d0:T606,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;To be prepared for the 2030s, we have to modernize our nuclear forces, the nuclear command and control, and the associated infrastructure that will allow us to be flexible and adjust over time as new challenges arise, whether that\u0026#8217;s new threats or potential changes or delays in our modernization,\u0026#8221; Schneider said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-growing-threats-to-the-us-from-adversaries\"\u003eGrowing threats to the US from adversaries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) launched its Yearbook, which stated that China is expanding its nuclear arsenal faster than any other country on the globe.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe SIPRI Yearbook 2024 also stated that Russia is on top of the military stockpile list with 4,380 nukes. The number is not\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3266808/china-expanding-nuclear-arsenal-faster-any-other-country-report-says-still-lags-behind-us-and-russia?module=top_story\u0026amp;pgtype=homepage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einclusive\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;of the retired warheads which the countries are in the process of dismantling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereport revealed\u003c/a\u003e that China’s arsenal increased from 410 warheads in January 2023 to 500 in January 2024, and it is expected to keep growing. It is an approximate 20% rise in a single year, which is massive.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d1:T53a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also mentioned that the Asian giant might be shifting its policies regarding nukes as it has likely also started\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/demonstration-nuclear-explosion-warning-russia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edeploying a few warheads\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;on missiles during peacetime.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, North Korea – an ally of China and Russia – has assembled around 50 warheads, as per the SIPRI Yearbook. It added that the country has enough ‘fissile material to reach a total of up to 90 warheads.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecent use\u003c/a\u003e of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) by Russia to hit Ukraine for the first time has also raised eyebrows globally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s claimed to be the first military use of ICBM, which can carry nuclear warheads, in an active war.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRussia had also \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecently changed\u003c/a\u003e its doctrine to lower the threshold for nuclear weapons use. With this, Russia can now use high-potential weapons in instances when a non-nuclear state supported by nuclear power attacks its territory.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d2:T1dd9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eAstronauts to 3D-print electronic in space with breakthrough nanoink\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The 3D printer employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astronauts to 3D-print electronic in space with breakthrough nanoink\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The 3D printer employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T08:21:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-22T08:21:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-12.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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This means astronauts will be able to print electronic components right in space.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crucial development comes from the US-based Iowa State University.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team conducted experiments on NASA\u0026#8217;s microgravity flights to test their technology. These flights simulate zero gravity by flying in parabolic arcs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they were able to print electronic parts under zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This proof-of-concept microgravity experiment proves the unique capability of (electrohydrodynamic) printing under zero-gravity conditions and opens a new venue for future on-demand manufacturing in space,\u0026#8221; the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-electrohydrodynamic-printing-technique\"\u003eElectrohydrodynamic printing technique\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nanoink is made up of silver nanoparticles synthesized with biobased polymers called 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose. This polymer is a conventional thickening agent. Moreover, it is said to be cost-effective, biocompatible, and stable, which makes it suitable for high-resolution printing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis special ink can be heated to activate its electrical properties. Once activated, it can print intricate electronic circuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printer\u003c/a\u003e employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing. This technique shoots tiny droplets of ink using an electric field, achieving resolutions in the millionth-meter range. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the use of electric fields helps overcome the limitations of gravity, enabling precise 3D printing in the absence of gravity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo evaluate the technique, the team fastened the printer to the floor of a NASA plane for a microgravity flight experiment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plane would soar to 32,000 feet, then dive back down to 24,000 feet over Florida. This created brief periods of “pure zero gravity.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It was exciting and new,\u0026#8221; said Shan Jiang, the lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut printing in zero gravity is no easy feat. Even a few seconds of weightlessness can make it tough to keep things steady, unlike the stable conditions on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, on the first flight, the printer wasn\u0026#8217;t tied down tightly enough to handle the plane\u0026#8217;s shaking and jolting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These are very intense experiments that require a lot of teamwork and preparation,\u0026#8221; Jiang said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is 3D printing a revolution or just a trend?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NRUbaAPbmVA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3d-structures-printed-in-microgravity\"\u003e3D structures printed in microgravity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith more test flights, the team was able to fine-tune their technique and achieve better results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey highlight that the parabolic flight test successfully demonstrated the capability of EHD printing to create precise 3D structures even in the challenging conditions of microgravity using nanoinks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This success is really just the beginning,\u0026#8221; Jiang said. \u0026#8220;As humanity ventures deeper into space, the need for on-demand manufacturing of electronics in orbit is no longer science fiction; it is a necessity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers may next focus on developing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printing technology\u003c/a\u003e for other electronic components, such as semiconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2024-11-nanoink-technologies-enable-electronics-production.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release,\u003c/a\u003e the Iowa State University Research Foundation has obtained a patent for the new nanoink technology, which is now open for licensing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c07592\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d4:T42b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\"\u003eHow 3D printing could make space settlement viable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\"\u003eA giant 90-ton 3D printer is building Rocket Lab’s Neutron rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/esa-achieves-worlds-1st-metal-3d-printing\"\u003eESA achieves historic world’s 1st metal 3D printing on space station\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d5:T4fe,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they were able to print electronic parts under zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This proof-of-concept microgravity experiment proves the unique capability of (electrohydrodynamic) printing under zero-gravity conditions and opens a new venue for future on-demand manufacturing in space,\u0026#8221; the researchers wrote in the study paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-electrohydrodynamic-printing-technique\"\u003eElectrohydrodynamic printing technique\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nanoink is made up of silver nanoparticles synthesized with biobased polymers called 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose. This polymer is a conventional thickening agent. Moreover, it is said to be cost-effective, biocompatible, and stable, which makes it suitable for high-resolution printing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis special ink can be heated to activate its electrical properties. Once activated, it can print intricate electronic circuits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printer\u003c/a\u003e employs a technique known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing. This technique shoots tiny droplets of ink using an electric field, achieving resolutions in the millionth-meter range. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d6:T7cf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Is 3D printing a revolution or just a trend?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NRUbaAPbmVA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3d-structures-printed-in-microgravity\"\u003e3D structures printed in microgravity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith more test flights, the team was able to fine-tune their technique and achieve better results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey highlight that the parabolic flight test successfully demonstrated the capability of EHD printing to create precise 3D structures even in the challenging conditions of microgravity using nanoinks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This success is really just the beginning,\u0026#8221; Jiang said. \u0026#8220;As humanity ventures deeper into space, the need for on-demand manufacturing of electronics in orbit is no longer science fiction; it is a necessity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers may next focus on developing \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D printing technology\u003c/a\u003e for other electronic components, such as semiconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2024-11-nanoink-technologies-enable-electronics-production.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release,\u003c/a\u003e the Iowa State University Research Foundation has obtained a patent for the new nanoink technology, which is now open for licensing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c07592\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplied Materials \u0026amp; Interfaces.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d7:T42b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/3d-printing-in-space-future-of-humanity\"\u003eHow 3D printing could make space settlement viable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/3d-printing-beast-builds-worlds-largest-neutron-rocket\"\u003eA giant 90-ton 3D printer is building Rocket Lab’s Neutron rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/esa-achieves-worlds-1st-metal-3d-printing\"\u003eESA achieves historic world’s 1st metal 3D printing on space station\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"17:[[\"$\",\"$L19\",null,{\"articleType\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"publishDate\":\"2024-11-21\",\"title\":\"Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power\",\"category\":\"energy\"}],[[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-title\",\"content\":\"Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-link\",\"content\":\"http://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-type\",\"content\":\"post\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-image-url\",\"content\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR1.jpg?w=150\u0026h=150\u0026crop=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-pub-date\",\"content\":\"2024-11-21T10:54:07Z\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-section\",\"content\":\"Energy\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-author\",\"content\":\"Ameya Paleja\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-tags\",\"content\":\"editor: energy \u0026amp; environment, hermes, kairos power, molten salt reactor, nuclear power\"}]],[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$1a\"}}],[\"$\",\"main\",null,{\"className\":\"t-bg-surface-primary t-pt-[10px] mb:t-pt-[70px]\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L1b\",null,{\"articleData\":{\"postType\":\"energy\",\"isStaging\":true,\"content\":{\"id\":121983,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Hermes\",\"Kairos power\",\"Molten Salt Reactor\",\"Nuclear Power\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Hermes\",\"slug\":\"hermes\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hermes\"},{\"name\":\"Kairos power\",\"slug\":\"kairos-power\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/kairos-power\"},{\"name\":\"Molten Salt Reactor\",\"slug\":\"molten-salt-reactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/molten-salt-reactor\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear Power\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-power\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-power\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$1c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eKairos\u0026#8217; power plant will feature 35-MWth reactors with a combined generation capacity of 20 MWe. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eKairos\u0026#8217; power plant will feature 35-MWth reactors with a combined generation capacity of 20 MWe. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3730,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$1d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-world-first-molten-salt\\\"\u003eChina to launch world's first thorium molten salt reactor in 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-nrc-permit-first-advanced-liquid-salt-fueled-nuclear-reactor\\\"\u003eNatura MSR-1: 1st molten salt nuclear reactor ever licensed by US NRC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-breakthrough-molten-salt-nuclear-reactor-fuel\\\"\u003eUS finds key salt-based nuclear fuel chemistry for next-gen reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21T10:54:07\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-21T10:54:15\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 05:54 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 05:54 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power\",\"name\":\"Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power\",\"alt_text\":\"Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power\",\"description\":\"Artist's rendering of molten salt reactor to be built by Kairos Power in the US. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://kairospower.com/external_updates/nuclear-regulatory-commission-approves-construction-permits-for-hermes-2-demonstration-plant/\\\"\u003eKairos Power\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/Uy0OTzksC7lW.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\",\"description\":\"Ameya is a science writer based in Hyderabad, India. A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has approved the construction of the first-ever molten-salt reactor that will power the grid in the US. The approval was granted to Kairos Power, which is currently building the Hermes Low-Power Demonstration Reactor at the Heritage Center Industrial Park in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs the world looks for carbon-free approaches to meeting its energy demands, nuclear fission technology is poised for a comeback. Even before the 2011 Fukushima disaster, work was underway to improve the safety features of nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$1e\",\"$1f\",\"$20\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“This shows we can rapidly apply relevant conclusions from earlier reviews to promptly reach decisions on new reactors.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"Amazing Footage From a Nuclear Power Plant Construction\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/wwBmHaKkGMs?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Artist's rendering of molten salt reactor to be built by Kairos Power in the US. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://kairospower.com/external_updates/nuclear-regulatory-commission-approves-construction-permits-for-hermes-2-demonstration-plant/\\\"\u003eKairos Power\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-world-first-molten-salt\\\"\u003eChina to launch world's first thorium molten salt reactor in 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-nrc-permit-first-advanced-liquid-salt-fueled-nuclear-reactor\\\"\u003eNatura MSR-1: 1st molten salt nuclear reactor ever licensed by US NRC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-breakthrough-molten-salt-nuclear-reactor-fuel\\\"\u003eUS finds key salt-based nuclear fuel chemistry for next-gen reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":122381,\"tags\":[\"Starlink rival\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Starlink rival\",\"slug\":\"starlink-rival\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/starlink-rival\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$21\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eBrazilian officials have been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eBrazilian officials have been discussing satellite internet possibility with SpaceSail since August.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3770,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$22\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/japan-finally-built-worlds-first-wooden-satellite\\\"\u003eWorld's 1st wood satellite ready to blast off on SpaceX rocket\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/boeing-built-satellite-breaks-up-in-orbit\\\"\u003eBoeing-built satellite blows up into bits in space, cutting ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/worlds-1-wooden-satellite-launched-by-japan\\\"\u003eJapan sends world's 1st wooden satellite on 6-month ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T15:53:33\",\"timeAgo\":\"17 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T15:59:16\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 10:53 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 10:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-25.png\",\"title\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"name\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"alt_text\":\"Starlink rival: China\u0026#8217;s SpaceSail set to provide satellite internet in Brazil\",\"description\":\"SpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based internet access to areas with limited connectivity. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellite-and-planet-gm181075945-25438464?searchscope=image,film\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eenot-poloskun\u003c/a\u003e/AdrianHancu\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA Chinese company is challenging dominance of Elon Musk\u0026#8217;s Starlink in the Latin American region. Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$23\",\"$24\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\\\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"SpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based internet access to areas with limited connectivity. 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/worlds-1-wooden-satellite-launched-by-japan\\\"\u003eJapan sends world's 1st wooden satellite on 6-month ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122350,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$25\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eSpecialized coatings help keep astronauts keep safe and save millions every year for machine industry. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eSpecialized coatings help keep astronauts keep safe and save millions every year for machine industry. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3932,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$26\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rare-earth-oxides-turbine-engine\\\"\u003eTurbine engines run at record 3,300°F with rare Earth oxide coating\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-coating-stops-biofouling-of-solar-cells\\\"\u003eNew coating keeps underwater solar cells 100% powerful, biofoul free\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-coating-boosts-efficiency\\\"\u003eNew coating removes solar panel defects, boosts efficiency to 31%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"18 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"name\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"alt_text\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"description\":\"Representational stock image of jet engine powered plane. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/f-a-18c-hornet-catapult-launch-gm118958406-12105473?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003ezoltanpocza/iStock\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/Uy0OTzksC7lW.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\",\"description\":\"Ameya is a science writer based in Hyderabad, India. A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. 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Designed to resemble and move like its full-scale counterpart, the collectible sold out in less than 24 hours, captivating fans and collectors alike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe allure lies in its connection to the groundbreaking Optimus robot and Tesla’s vision of the future. 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Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has defined global trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":5126,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$2c\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:24:58\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:58:06\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:58 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"title\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"name\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"alt_text\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. 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While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new protective coating has significantly increased the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Northwestern University scientists, the coating also extends the life of perovskite solar cells. 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Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army has awarded Raytheon, an RTX business, a contract to work on directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe contract aims to build capabilities that will distribute power across the battlefield, simplify logistics, and safeguard locations for US troops.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe move has been carried out with an intention to make logistics simpler for the US troops by removing the need for moving fuel and batteries across the battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe directed energy wireless power system, once developed, would be able to beam energy directly to the units and systems that need it to function.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAny army formation is dependent on a large number of food, ammunition, surveillance and strike capabilities. 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Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$4e\",\"$4f\",\"$50\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Northwestern University scientists improved the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend 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20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122277,\"tags\":[\"France\",\"Fusion reactor\",\"International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor\",\"ITER\",\"nuclear energy\",\"South Korea\",\"Vacuum vessel\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"France\",\"slug\":\"france\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/france\"},{\"name\":\"Fusion reactor\",\"slug\":\"fusion-reactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fusion-reactor\"},{\"name\":\"International Thermonuclear Experimental 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content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T12:02:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T12:05:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 07:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 07:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"title\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"name\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"alt_text\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"description\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065679\\\"\u003eKorea Institute of Fusion Energy\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessel sectors for the world\u0026#8217;s largest fusion project, made in South Korea, have been delivered to the construction site in Cadarache, France.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFour of the nine vacuum vessel sectors for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) were built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$53\",\"$54\",\"$55\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065679\\\"\u003eKorea Institute of Fusion Energy\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\\\"\u003eHow nuclear fusion could transform health, energy, and electric cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\\\"\u003eSSAB and Parmaco to build world’s first fossil-free steel building in 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\\\"\u003eAI expert warns against digital colonization in Africa by foreign bodies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122314,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"thermal energy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"thermal energy\",\"slug\":\"thermal-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/thermal-energy\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$56\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4421,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$57\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:55 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:56 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"alt_text\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$58\",\"$59\",\"$5a\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122075,\"tags\":[\"Balloon\",\"Cadmium\",\"China\",\"climate change\",\"Green Fuel\",\"Photovoltaics\",\"PV system\",\"Solar 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EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-23.png\",\"title\":\"Balloon-integrated PV system with 19% efficient film boosts output in high latitudes\",\"name\":\"Balloon-integrated PV system with 19% efficient film boosts output in high latitudes\",\"alt_text\":\"Balloon-integrated PV system with 19% efficient film boosts output in high latitudes\",\"description\":\"Researchers created a low-altitude portable balloon-integrated photovoltaic system. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/solar-panel-balloon-gm1033164290-276694186?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003efatido\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e/\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/two-engineers-installing-solar-panels-on-roof-gm1457768039-492493664?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA team of researchers in China has developed a portable balloon-mounted photovoltaic system, offering a viable solution for emergency solar power generation in mid to high-latitude regions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a new study, the photovoltaic potential of 10,000 balloon-integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPVS) across various latitudes was assessed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, BIPVSs at high latitudes showed higher average output during effective working months. Over their lifecycle, BIPVSs in selected cities can generate 480–700 GWh of power. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5d\",\"$5e\",\"$5f\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSimulations were conducted to analyze system performance at five locations: Vasteras, Sweden; Vancouver, Canada; New York, USA; and Shanghai and Hong Kong, China. Shadowing effects were not considered as the system was assumed to be deployed at low altitudes.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs reported by \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/11/21/balloon-integrated-pv-system-for-emergency-power-needs-at-low-altitude/\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ePV Magazine\u003c/a\u003e, researchers claim the BIPVSs generate an average monthly power of 3.337–4.275 GWh during effective months. Over their lifecycle, they produce 479.492–708.334 GWh, with profits ranging from 12.946 million USD to 107.369 million USD and return on investment between 35.5 percent–294.8 percent.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe details of the team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S036054422403500X?dgcid=author\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were published in the journal \u003cem\u003eEnergy\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-balloon-integrated-solar-system\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers created a low-altitude portable balloon-integrated photovoltaic system. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/solar-panel-balloon-gm1033164290-276694186?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003efatido\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e/\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/two-engineers-installing-solar-panels-on-roof-gm1457768039-492493664?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough\\\"\u003eUK scientists extend solar cell life by stunning 66%, boost efficiency by 23%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/diamonds-in-the-sky-can-solve-global-warming-problem-find-swiss-scientists\\\"\u003eDiamonds in the sky can solve global warming problem, find Swiss scientists\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/mysterious-balloon-spotted-over-us-sparks-curiosity\\\"\u003eMysterious balloon spotted over US sparks curiosity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122084,\"tags\":[\"Battery\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"lithium-ion\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Battery\",\"slug\":\"battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"lithium-ion\",\"slug\":\"lithium-ion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lithium-ion\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$60\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eAlsym cells are inherently dendrite-free and immune to conditions that could lead to thermal runaway and its catastrophic consequences.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eAlsym cells are inherently dendrite-free and immune to conditions that could lead to thermal runaway and its catastrophic consequences.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4132,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$61\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/powerful-battery-fuel-by-columbia-engineers\\\"\u003ePowerful battery 'fuel' by Columbia engineers is cheap ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/korea-recycling-cathode-lithium-ev-battery\\\"\u003eNew EV battery recycling tech brings 100% power back to ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/manganese-lithium-ion-battery-energy-density\\\"\u003eCheap manganese powers EV battery to jaw-dropping 820 ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21T14:50:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-21T14:50:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 09:50 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 09:50 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-20.png\",\"title\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"name\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"alt_text\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"description\":\"Alsym uses sustainable, non-toxic materials, reducing environmental impact and supply chain risks. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.alsym.com/technology/\\\"\u003eAlsym\u003c/a\u003e/\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ev-battery-pack-on-production-line-equipped-with-robot-arms-inside-modern-factory-gm1738603175-542461927?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eInnovations in batteries are advancing the development of electronic devices, robotics, electric vehicles, and modern machines. However, making batteries safer in different conditions during their widespread use hasn\u0026#8217;t been an easy task for developers. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSome battery fire incidents have also weakened customers\u0026#8217; interest in electric vehicles and larger machines powered by batteries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this regard, a startup has developed a non-flammable battery. Alsym Energy\u0026#8217;s high-performance, inherently non-flammable, and non-toxic batteries are aimed at replacing lithium cells. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eClaimed to be a low-cost solution, Alsym\u0026#8217;s batteries support a wide range of discharge durations.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$62\",\"$63\",\"$64\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":1,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Alsym uses sustainable, non-toxic materials, reducing environmental impact and supply chain risks. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.alsym.com/technology/\\\"\u003eAlsym\u003c/a\u003e/\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ev-battery-pack-on-production-line-equipped-with-robot-arms-inside-modern-factory-gm1738603175-542461927?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/powerful-battery-fuel-by-columbia-engineers\\\"\u003ePowerful battery 'fuel' by Columbia engineers is cheap ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/korea-recycling-cathode-lithium-ev-battery\\\"\u003eNew EV battery recycling tech brings 100% power back to ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/manganese-lithium-ion-battery-energy-density\\\"\u003eCheap manganese powers EV battery to jaw-dropping 820 ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":122314,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"thermal energy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"thermal energy\",\"slug\":\"thermal-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/thermal-energy\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$65\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4421,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$66\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:55 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:56 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"alt_text\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$67\",\"$68\",\"$69\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122292,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"malaria\",\"vaccine\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"malaria\",\"slug\":\"malaria\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/malaria\"},{\"name\":\"vaccine\",\"slug\":\"vaccine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/vaccine\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$6a\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis technique gave the immune system a powerful boost, shielding people from the disease.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis technique gave the immune system a powerful boost, shielding people from the disease.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3791,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$6b\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\\\"\u003eCommon kitchen soap key to fighting malaria\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\\\"\u003eCan gene editing end malaria? Burkina Faso leads the way\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-engineer-mosquitos-to-spread-anti-malaria-genes\\\"\u003eScientists Engineer Mosquitos to Spread Antimalaria Genes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:38:39\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:38:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:38 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:38 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\",\"title\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"name\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"alt_text\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"description\":\"Representational image of mosquito feeding on a human host.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/culex-pipiens-feeding-on-a-human-host-macro-of-common-house-mosquito-sucking-blood-gm1325731071-410658362?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMalaria, a disease that has plagued humanity for centuries, continues to claim millions of lives each year. But scientists may have found a new way to combat this deadly disease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn clinical trials, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver the malaria vaccine safely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis novel vaccination strategy involves using genetically modified mosquitoes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$6c\",\"$6d\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants were divided into three groups: one group received the GA2 vaccine, another received an earlier version (GA1), and the control group received bites from uninfected mosquitoes. The primary goal was to assess the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to prevent malaria infection and its safety profile.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAfter three weeks, both groups were exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes to assess their level of protection.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBefore being exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes, both groups showed increased antibody levels. However, the GA1 group had a lower protection rate (13 percent) compared to the group bitten by GA2 parasite at 89 percent. The only reported side effects were minor itching from the mosquito bites.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Protective efficacy against subsequent controlled human malaria infection was observed in 8 of 9 participants (89 percent) in the GA2 group, in 1 of 8 participants (13 percent) in the GA1 group, and in 0 of 3 participants in the placebo group,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUp next, the researchers plan to conduct a larger trial. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach could significantly reduce the global burden of malaria, particularly in regions where the disease is most prevalent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial findings were published in \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New England Journal of Medicine. \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of mosquito feeding on a human host.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/culex-pipiens-feeding-on-a-human-host-macro-of-common-house-mosquito-sucking-blood-gm1325731071-410658362?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\\\"\u003eCommon kitchen soap key to fighting malaria\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\\\"\u003eCan gene editing end malaria? Burkina Faso leads the way\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-engineer-mosquitos-to-spread-anti-malaria-genes\\\"\u003eScientists Engineer Mosquitos to Spread Antimalaria Genes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122284,\"tags\":[\"China\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear weapons\",\"Russia\",\"US\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"China\",\"slug\":\"china\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear\",\"slug\":\"nuclear\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear weapons\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-weapons\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-weapons\"},{\"name\":\"Russia\",\"slug\":\"russia\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/russia\"},{\"name\":\"US\",\"slug\":\"us\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/us\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$6e\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"military\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":19,\"title\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eOne of the key highlights of the report is that the US plans to deter multiple nuclear-armed adversaries simultaneously.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eOne of the key highlights of the report is that the US plans to deter multiple nuclear-armed adversaries simultaneously.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4679,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$6f\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\\\"\u003ePutin’s new nuclear rules shock West as Ukraine strikes Russia with US missile\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\\\"\u003eRussia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\\\"\u003eChina’s nuclear arsenal growing ‘faster than any other country’: Report\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T09:33:23\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:15:21\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 04:33 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:15 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-94-1.png\",\"title\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"name\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"alt_text\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"description\":\"A F-35 jet dropping an inert B61-12 during first trial in 2021.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg/800px-F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg?20230514214830\\\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States is facing multiple nuclear competitors and there may be a need for adjustments to be made to the 2022 Nuclear Posture Review, according to Richard C. Johnson, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Policy (N-CWMD).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Department of Defense (DOD) is examining these changes in the security environment and the resulting steps that might have to be taken in view of China\u0026#8217;s and Russia\u0026#8217;s enhanced capabilities. Furthermore, the possible lack of a nuclear arms control agreement after February 2025 might warrant an even more focused approach.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$70\",\"$71\",\"$72\",\"$73\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":1,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A F-35 jet dropping an inert B61-12 during first trial in 2021.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg/800px-F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg?20230514214830\\\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\\\"\u003ePutin’s new nuclear rules shock West as Ukraine strikes Russia with US missile\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\\\"\u003eRussia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\\\"\u003eChina’s nuclear arsenal growing ‘faster than any other country’: Report\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122275,\"tags\":[\"3d printing\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"3d printing\",\"slug\":\"3d-printing\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/3d-printing\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$74\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3339,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$75\",\"related_content\":\"$76\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T08:21:21\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T08:21:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 03:21 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 03:21 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-12.jpg\",\"title\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"name\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"alt_text\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"description\":\"Researchers test their nanoink and printer technologies during a NASA microgravity flight. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://phys.org/news/2024-11-nanoink-technologies-enable-electronics-production.html\\\"\u003eShan Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. This means astronauts will be able to print electronic components right in space.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis crucial development comes from the US-based Iowa State University.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe team conducted experiments on NASA\u0026#8217;s microgravity flights to test their technology. These flights simulate zero gravity by flying in parabolic arcs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$77\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the use of electric fields helps overcome the limitations of gravity, enabling precise 3D printing in the absence of gravity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTo evaluate the technique, the team fastened the printer to the floor of a NASA plane for a microgravity flight experiment.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe plane would soar to 32,000 feet, then dive back down to 24,000 feet over Florida. This created brief periods of “pure zero gravity.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It was exciting and new,\u0026#8221; said Shan Jiang, the lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBut printing in zero gravity is no easy feat. Even a few seconds of weightlessness can make it tough to keep things steady, unlike the stable conditions on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, on the first flight, the printer wasn\u0026#8217;t tied down tightly enough to handle the plane\u0026#8217;s shaking and jolting.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These are very intense experiments that require a lot of teamwork and preparation,\u0026#8221; Jiang said.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$78\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers test their nanoink and printer technologies during a NASA microgravity 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ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-21T10:54:15\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 05:54 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 05:54 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MSR1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power\",\"name\":\"Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power\",\"alt_text\":\"Big US approval for Gen IV reactor Hermes 2 to generate 20 MWe clean power\",\"description\":\"Artist's rendering of molten salt reactor to be built by Kairos Power in the US. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://kairospower.com/external_updates/nuclear-regulatory-commission-approves-construction-permits-for-hermes-2-demonstration-plant/\\\"\u003eKairos Power\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/Uy0OTzksC7lW.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\",\"description\":\"Ameya is a science writer based in Hyderabad, India. A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has approved the construction of the first-ever molten-salt reactor that will power the grid in the US. The approval was granted to Kairos Power, which is currently building the Hermes Low-Power Demonstration Reactor at the Heritage Center Industrial Park in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs the world looks for carbon-free approaches to meeting its energy demands, nuclear fission technology is poised for a comeback. Even before the 2011 Fukushima disaster, work was underway to improve the safety features of nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$7c\",\"$7d\",\"$7e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“This shows we can rapidly apply relevant conclusions from earlier reviews to promptly reach decisions on new reactors.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"Amazing Footage From a Nuclear Power Plant Construction\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/wwBmHaKkGMs?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/first-molten-salt-reactor-grid-power-us\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Artist's rendering of molten salt reactor to be built by Kairos Power in the US. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://kairospower.com/external_updates/nuclear-regulatory-commission-approves-construction-permits-for-hermes-2-demonstration-plant/\\\"\u003eKairos Power\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-world-first-molten-salt\\\"\u003eChina to launch world's first thorium molten salt reactor in 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-nrc-permit-first-advanced-liquid-salt-fueled-nuclear-reactor\\\"\u003eNatura MSR-1: 1st molten salt nuclear reactor ever licensed by US NRC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-breakthrough-molten-salt-nuclear-reactor-fuel\\\"\u003eUS finds key salt-based nuclear fuel chemistry for next-gen reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - 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(Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellite-and-planet-gm181075945-25438464?searchscope=image,film\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003eenot-poloskun\u003c/a\u003e/AdrianHancu\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA Chinese company is challenging dominance of Elon Musk\u0026#8217;s Starlink in the Latin American region. Shanghai-based SpaceSail has inked a deal with Brazil to provide satellite internet in the region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe firm signed an MoU with Brazil’s state-owned telecoms company Telecomunicacoes Brasileiras (Telebras) during the recent visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially, the plan is to study the demand for satellite internet areas where fiber optic infrastructure doesn’t work.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$81\",\"$82\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eShanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd. has begun business negotiations with dozens of countries to promote the global commercial application and services of its constellation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, China has 1,059 satellites in orbit, 492 of which are commercial satellites. By the end of June this year, 546 commercial space enterprises were registered and effectively operating in \u003ca href=\\\"http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2024-11/21/content_117561027.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u0026#8217;s deal with SpaceSail is likely aimed at warning Elon Musk and Starlink, which is the world\u0026#8217;s first and largest satellite constellation using a low Earth orbit to deliver broadband internet capable of supporting streaming, online gaming, video calls and more.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/starlink-rival-china-spacesail-satellite-internet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"SpaceSail plans to bring satellite-based internet access to areas with limited connectivity. 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/worlds-1-wooden-satellite-launched-by-japan\\\"\u003eJapan sends world's 1st wooden satellite on 6-month ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122350,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and 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minutes\",\"body\":\"$84\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rare-earth-oxides-turbine-engine\\\"\u003eTurbine engines run at record 3,300°F with rare Earth oxide coating\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-coating-stops-biofouling-of-solar-cells\\\"\u003eNew coating keeps underwater solar cells 100% powerful, biofoul free\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-coating-boosts-efficiency\\\"\u003eNew coating removes solar panel defects, boosts efficiency to 31%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"18 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T14:59:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 09:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CTG1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"name\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"alt_text\":\"Coatings supercharge high-performance engines, now they are getting better\",\"description\":\"Representational stock image of jet engine powered plane. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/f-a-18c-hornet-catapult-launch-gm118958406-12105473?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003ezoltanpocza/iStock\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/Uy0OTzksC7lW.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\",\"description\":\"Ameya is a science writer based in Hyderabad, India. A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the frying pan in the kitchen to airplanes in the sky, everything has a thin layer of coating that delivers an extra attribute that would have been impossible to achieve otherwise. These coatings are made of different materials and applied differently, but when engineering has reached its limits, coatings have always outperformed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects, from pans and pots to cars we drive around in, have a coating for a specialized function. This could be to prevent food from sticking to them or to prevent fires from spreading rapidly. Even massive ships use special coatings to prevent marine life forms from attaching themselves to the hull and increasing friction during voyages.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$85\",\"$86\",\"$87\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/coatings-improve-performance-space-airplanes\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational stock image of jet engine powered plane. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/f-a-18c-hornet-catapult-launch-gm118958406-12105473?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003ezoltanpocza/iStock\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/rare-earth-oxides-turbine-engine\\\"\u003eTurbine engines run at record 3,300°F with rare Earth oxide coating\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-coating-stops-biofouling-of-solar-cells\\\"\u003eNew coating keeps underwater solar cells 100% powerful, biofoul free\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-coating-boosts-efficiency\\\"\u003eNew coating removes solar panel defects, boosts efficiency to 31%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122428,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$88\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype grew as the Tesla Bot Action Figure, mirroring its larger counterpart, sold out in under 24 hours. What made it so popular?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype grew as the Tesla Bot Action Figure, mirroring its larger counterpart, sold out in under 24 hours. What made it so popular?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":507,\"readTime\":\"1 minute\",\"body\":\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype soared with the release of the Tesla Bot Action Figure. Designed to resemble and move like its full-scale counterpart, the collectible sold out in less than 24 hours, captivating fans and collectors alike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe allure lies in its connection to the groundbreaking Optimus robot and Tesla’s vision of the future. As a tangible piece of cutting-edge robotics, the figure offers a unique way to engage with Tesla’s innovation, fueling excitement among enthusiasts.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:25:32\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:26:12\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:25 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:26 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/WEB-1-1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"name\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"alt_text\":\"Why Tesla\u0026#8217;s Mini-Optimus Sold Out\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Pelin Sener\",\"slug\":\"pelin-sener\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/411024a83be8b93d071003ffe36836e8?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"pelin-sener\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/pelin-sener\",\"description\":\"\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla\u0026#8217;s Optimus hype soared with the release of the Tesla Bot Action Figure. Designed to resemble and move like its full-scale counterpart, the collectible sold out in less than 24 hours, captivating fans and collectors alike.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe allure lies in its connection to the groundbreaking Optimus robot and Tesla’s vision of the future. As a tangible piece of cutting-edge robotics, the figure offers a unique way to engage with Tesla’s innovation, fueling excitement among enthusiasts.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-teslas-mini-optimus-sold-out\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":5,\"source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"video_source_type\":\"5\",\"video_source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"cdEMUpYl\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"\",\"feed_video_description\":\"\",\"feed_video_duration\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122287,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$89\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has defined global trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has defined global trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Now, Mexico\u0026#8217;s $5 billion Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec emerges as a transformative alternative. Strategically positioned in the narrowest stretch of land between these oceans, this ambitious project integrates advanced railways, highways, and ports to streamline global logistics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":5126,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$8a\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:24:58\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T13:58:06\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 08:58 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ioc-cropped.png\",\"title\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"name\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"alt_text\":\"The Interoceanic Corridor and Mexico\u0026#8217;s quest to rival the Panama Canal\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFor over a century, the Panama Canal has stood as a monumental conduit for maritime trade, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Yet, nestled in southern Mexico, another ambitious pathway, the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, seeks to challenge this maritime supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eImagined long before the Panama Canal was completed, this corridor has been a dream laden with both risk and ruin.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$8b\",\"$8c\",\"$8d\",\"$8e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Mexico stands at the threshold of realizing a centuries-old dream, the question remains: What price are we willing to pay for progress?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOur exclusive video takes you behind the scenes of this transformative project, offering a detailed analysis of the corridor\u0026#8217;s global impact and in-depth technical insights.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-interoceanic-corridor-and-mexicos-quest-to-rival-the-panama-canal\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":5,\"source_target\":\"eBa7qG1Y\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"video_source_type\":\"5\",\"video_source_target\":\"eBa7qG1Y\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"eBa7qG1Y\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"\",\"feed_video_description\":\"\",\"feed_video_duration\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122212,\"tags\":[\"Perovskite\",\"Perovskite 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minutes\",\"body\":\"$90\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough#:~:text=While%20silicon%2Dbased%20solar%20panels,have%20hindered%20their%20widespread%20adoption.\\\"\u003eBreakthrough in perovskite tech extends solar cell life by 66%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-fabrication-method-cityuhk\\\"\u003eStunning solar cells offer 25% efficiency, 95% stability after ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/korean-institute-perovskite-solar-module-record\\\"\u003eKRICT's 20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set 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Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army has awarded Raytheon, an RTX business, a contract to work on directed energy wireless power beaming capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe contract aims to build capabilities that will distribute power across the battlefield, simplify logistics, and safeguard locations for US troops.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe move has been carried out with an intention to make logistics simpler for the US troops by removing the need for moving fuel and batteries across the battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe directed energy wireless power system, once developed, would be able to beam energy directly to the units and systems that need it to function.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAny army formation is dependent on a large number of food, ammunition, surveillance and strike capabilities. 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Based on amidinium, the robust layer was 10 times more resistant to decomposition compared to conventional ammonium-based coatings in experiments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claimed that the guanidinium-coated cells also tripled the cell’s T90 lifetime — the time it takes for a perovskite solar cell\u0026#8217;s efficiency to drop 90% of its initial value when exposed to harsh conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ac\",\"$ad\",\"$ae\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/perovskite-solar-cells-with-protective-coating\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Northwestern University scientists improved the protective layer of perovskite solar cells in an effort to extend 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20.6% efficient large-area perovskite cells set ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122277,\"tags\":[\"France\",\"Fusion reactor\",\"International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor\",\"ITER\",\"nuclear energy\",\"South Korea\",\"Vacuum vessel\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"France\",\"slug\":\"france\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/france\"},{\"name\":\"Fusion reactor\",\"slug\":\"fusion-reactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fusion-reactor\"},{\"name\":\"International Thermonuclear Experimental 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vessel\",\"slug\":\"vacuum-vessel\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/vacuum-vessel\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$af\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel has nine sectors and 44 ports for diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe ITER vacuum vessel has nine sectors and 44 ports for diagnostics, remote handling, heating, and fuelling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3532,\"readTime\":\"3 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content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T12:02:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T12:05:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 07:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 07:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-22T145138.384.jpg\",\"title\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"name\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"alt_text\":\"France gets 5,000-ton nuclear reactor parts to power world’s largest fusion plant\",\"description\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065679\\\"\u003eKorea Institute of Fusion Energy\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessel sectors for the world\u0026#8217;s largest fusion project, made in South Korea, have been delivered to the construction site in Cadarache, France.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFour of the nine vacuum vessel sectors for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) were built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries at its large shipyard in Ulsan.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eVacuum vessels will improve radiation shielding and plasma stability by providing a high vacuum environment for the plasma. The fusion reactions will be housed in the vessel, which will also offer access to remote handling procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b1\",\"$b2\",\"$b3\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The ITER vacuum vessel sustains ultra-high-temperature plasma for nuclear fusion by maintaining a high vacuum.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065679\\\"\u003eKorea Institute of Fusion Energy\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\\\"\u003eHow nuclear fusion could transform health, energy, and electric cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fossil-free-steel-building\\\"\u003eSSAB and Parmaco to build world’s first fossil-free steel building in 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-warns-digital-colonization-africa\\\"\u003eAI expert warns against digital colonization in Africa by foreign bodies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122314,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"thermal energy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"thermal energy\",\"slug\":\"thermal-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/thermal-energy\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$b4\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4421,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$b5\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:55 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:56 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"alt_text\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b6\",\"$b7\",\"$b8\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122075,\"tags\":[\"Balloon\",\"Cadmium\",\"China\",\"climate change\",\"Green Fuel\",\"Photovoltaics\",\"PV system\",\"Solar 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cadmium telluride solar cells, exhaust valve, control modules, and ropes for stable operation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4498,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ba\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough\\\"\u003eUK scientists extend solar cell life by stunning 66%, boost efficiency by 23%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/diamonds-in-the-sky-can-solve-global-warming-problem-find-swiss-scientists\\\"\u003eDiamonds in the sky can solve global warming problem, find Swiss scientists\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/mysterious-balloon-spotted-over-us-sparks-curiosity\\\"\u003eMysterious balloon spotted over US sparks curiosity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/china-balloon-integrated-solar-system\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21T18:34:50\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-21T18:34:59\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 01:34 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 01:34 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-23.png\",\"title\":\"Balloon-integrated PV system with 19% efficient film boosts output in high latitudes\",\"name\":\"Balloon-integrated PV system with 19% efficient film boosts output in high latitudes\",\"alt_text\":\"Balloon-integrated PV system with 19% efficient film boosts output in high latitudes\",\"description\":\"Researchers created a low-altitude portable balloon-integrated photovoltaic system. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/solar-panel-balloon-gm1033164290-276694186?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003efatido\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e/\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/two-engineers-installing-solar-panels-on-roof-gm1457768039-492493664?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA team of researchers in China has developed a portable balloon-mounted photovoltaic system, offering a viable solution for emergency solar power generation in mid to high-latitude regions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a new study, the photovoltaic potential of 10,000 balloon-integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPVS) across various latitudes was assessed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, BIPVSs at high latitudes showed higher average output during effective working months. Over their lifecycle, BIPVSs in selected cities can generate 480–700 GWh of power. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$bb\",\"$bc\",\"$bd\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSimulations were conducted to analyze system performance at five locations: Vasteras, Sweden; Vancouver, Canada; New York, USA; and Shanghai and Hong Kong, China. Shadowing effects were not considered as the system was assumed to be deployed at low altitudes.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs reported by \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/11/21/balloon-integrated-pv-system-for-emergency-power-needs-at-low-altitude/\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ePV Magazine\u003c/a\u003e, researchers claim the BIPVSs generate an average monthly power of 3.337–4.275 GWh during effective months. Over their lifecycle, they produce 479.492–708.334 GWh, with profits ranging from 12.946 million USD to 107.369 million USD and return on investment between 35.5 percent–294.8 percent.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe details of the team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S036054422403500X?dgcid=author\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were published in the journal \u003cem\u003eEnergy\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-balloon-integrated-solar-system\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers created a low-altitude portable balloon-integrated photovoltaic system. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer cWU9wH5uj9cM5CMFEMVC\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/solar-panel-balloon-gm1033164290-276694186?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003efatido\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e/\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/two-engineers-installing-solar-panels-on-roof-gm1457768039-492493664?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-perovskite-solar-tech-breakthrough\\\"\u003eUK scientists extend solar cell life by stunning 66%, boost efficiency by 23%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/diamonds-in-the-sky-can-solve-global-warming-problem-find-swiss-scientists\\\"\u003eDiamonds in the sky can solve global warming problem, find Swiss scientists\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/mysterious-balloon-spotted-over-us-sparks-curiosity\\\"\u003eMysterious balloon spotted over US sparks curiosity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122084,\"tags\":[\"Battery\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"lithium-ion\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Battery\",\"slug\":\"battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"lithium-ion\",\"slug\":\"lithium-ion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lithium-ion\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$be\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eAlsym cells are inherently dendrite-free and immune to conditions that could lead to thermal runaway and its catastrophic consequences.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eAlsym cells are inherently dendrite-free and immune to conditions that could lead to thermal runaway and its catastrophic consequences.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4132,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$bf\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/powerful-battery-fuel-by-columbia-engineers\\\"\u003ePowerful battery 'fuel' by Columbia engineers is cheap ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/korea-recycling-cathode-lithium-ev-battery\\\"\u003eNew EV battery recycling tech brings 100% power back to ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/manganese-lithium-ion-battery-energy-density\\\"\u003eCheap manganese powers EV battery to jaw-dropping 820 ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21T14:50:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-21T14:50:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 09:50 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 09:50 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-20.png\",\"title\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"name\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"alt_text\":\"New non-flammable battery offers 10X higher energy density, can replace lithium cells\",\"description\":\"Alsym uses sustainable, non-toxic materials, reducing environmental impact and supply chain risks. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.alsym.com/technology/\\\"\u003eAlsym\u003c/a\u003e/\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ev-battery-pack-on-production-line-equipped-with-robot-arms-inside-modern-factory-gm1738603175-542461927?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eInnovations in batteries are advancing the development of electronic devices, robotics, electric vehicles, and modern machines. However, making batteries safer in different conditions during their widespread use hasn\u0026#8217;t been an easy task for developers. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSome battery fire incidents have also weakened customers\u0026#8217; interest in electric vehicles and larger machines powered by batteries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this regard, a startup has developed a non-flammable battery. Alsym Energy\u0026#8217;s high-performance, inherently non-flammable, and non-toxic batteries are aimed at replacing lithium cells. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eClaimed to be a low-cost solution, Alsym\u0026#8217;s batteries support a wide range of discharge durations.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c0\",\"$c1\",\"$c2\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":1,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/non-flammable-battery-alsym-energy\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Alsym uses sustainable, non-toxic materials, reducing environmental impact and supply chain risks. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.alsym.com/technology/\\\"\u003eAlsym\u003c/a\u003e/\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ev-battery-pack-on-production-line-equipped-with-robot-arms-inside-modern-factory-gm1738603175-542461927?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/powerful-battery-fuel-by-columbia-engineers\\\"\u003ePowerful battery 'fuel' by Columbia engineers is cheap ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/korea-recycling-cathode-lithium-ev-battery\\\"\u003eNew EV battery recycling tech brings 100% power back to ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/manganese-lithium-ion-battery-energy-density\\\"\u003eCheap manganese powers EV battery to jaw-dropping 820 ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":122314,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"thermal energy\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"thermal energy\",\"slug\":\"thermal-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/thermal-energy\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c3\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn TES systems, a thermal emitter captures heat and converts it into electromagnetic radiation, which is then harnessed by a photovoltaic cell to generate electricity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4421,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c4\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:55:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:56:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:55 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:56 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/thermal-emitter.jpg\",\"title\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"alt_text\":\"Quantum-inspired tech turns heat into electricity via light with 60% efficiency\",\"description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBatteries aren’t perfect, they have their shortcomings. For instance, they are made of scarce minerals often obtained through unsustainable mining practices. When dumped, they release harmful chemicals into the environment and have limited lifespans.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to energy storage, although we currently rely heavily on batteries, we need a much greener and cleaner solution. One such promising avenue is thermal energy (electrical) storage (TES) systems, which store electricity as thermal energy by converting it into heat, which can later be converted back into electricity when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c5\",\"$c6\",\"$c7\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTheir quantum-inspired thermal emitter showed an impressive efficiency of 60 percent, and the researchers claim that they can further improve this using new material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“If our approach could lead to an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% in such systems, that would represent a significant boost for missions that rely on efficient power generation in extreme environments,” Naik explained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHopefully, the new thermal emitter will make \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003ethermal energy storage\u003c/a\u003e highly scalable and help boost the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Nanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/quantum-inspired-tech-turns-heat-into-electricity-via-light\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The thermal emitter developed by the Rice University team.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.rice.edu/news/2024/quantum-inspired-design-boosts-efficiency-heat-electricity-conversion\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGustavo Raskosky/Rice University\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/cavern-thermal-energy-finland\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest cavern thermal energy storage to warm a city year-round\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-efficient-thermal-storage-batteries\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eA new discovery could unlock efficient thermal storage batteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/heat-resistant-material-withstands-1000c%20%20title%3D\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eKorean researchers develop heat-resistant material that withstands 1000°C\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122292,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"malaria\",\"vaccine\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"malaria\",\"slug\":\"malaria\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/malaria\"},{\"name\":\"vaccine\",\"slug\":\"vaccine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/vaccine\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c8\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis technique gave the immune system a powerful boost, shielding people from the disease.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis technique gave the immune system a powerful boost, shielding people from the disease.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3791,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c9\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\\\"\u003eCommon kitchen soap key to fighting malaria\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\\\"\u003eCan gene editing end malaria? Burkina Faso leads the way\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-engineer-mosquitos-to-spread-anti-malaria-genes\\\"\u003eScientists Engineer Mosquitos to Spread Antimalaria Genes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:38:39\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:38:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:38 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:38 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-13.jpg\",\"title\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"name\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"alt_text\":\"Bite of hope: Malaria vaccine delivered by gene-edited mosquito kills infection by 89%\",\"description\":\"Representational image of mosquito feeding on a human host.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/culex-pipiens-feeding-on-a-human-host-macro-of-common-house-mosquito-sucking-blood-gm1325731071-410658362?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMalaria, a disease that has plagued humanity for centuries, continues to claim millions of lives each year. But scientists may have found a new way to combat this deadly disease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn clinical trials, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has demonstrated that mosquito bites can deliver the malaria vaccine safely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis novel vaccination strategy involves using genetically modified mosquitoes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ca\",\"$cb\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants were divided into three groups: one group received the GA2 vaccine, another received an earlier version (GA1), and the control group received bites from uninfected mosquitoes. The primary goal was to assess the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to prevent malaria infection and its safety profile.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAfter three weeks, both groups were exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes to assess their level of protection.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBefore being exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes, both groups showed increased antibody levels. However, the GA1 group had a lower protection rate (13 percent) compared to the group bitten by GA2 parasite at 89 percent. The only reported side effects were minor itching from the mosquito bites.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Protective efficacy against subsequent controlled human malaria infection was observed in 8 of 9 participants (89 percent) in the GA2 group, in 1 of 8 participants (13 percent) in the GA1 group, and in 0 of 3 participants in the placebo group,” the study noted. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUp next, the researchers plan to conduct a larger trial. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach could significantly reduce the global burden of malaria, particularly in regions where the disease is most prevalent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial findings were published in \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2313892\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New England Journal of Medicine. \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bite-of-hope-malaria-vaccine-delivered-by-gene-edited-mosquito-kills-infection-by-89\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of mosquito feeding on a human host.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/culex-pipiens-feeding-on-a-human-host-macro-of-common-house-mosquito-sucking-blood-gm1325731071-410658362?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/common-kitchen-soap-key-to-fighting-malaria\\\"\u003eCommon kitchen soap key to fighting malaria\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burkina-faso-scientist-fights-malaria-with-innovative-gene-tech\\\"\u003eCan gene editing end malaria? Burkina Faso leads the way\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-engineer-mosquitos-to-spread-anti-malaria-genes\\\"\u003eScientists Engineer Mosquitos to Spread Antimalaria Genes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122284,\"tags\":[\"China\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear weapons\",\"Russia\",\"US\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"China\",\"slug\":\"china\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear\",\"slug\":\"nuclear\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear weapons\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-weapons\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-weapons\"},{\"name\":\"Russia\",\"slug\":\"russia\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/russia\"},{\"name\":\"US\",\"slug\":\"us\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/us\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$cc\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"military\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":19,\"title\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eOne of the key highlights of the report is that the US plans to deter multiple nuclear-armed adversaries simultaneously.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eOne of the key highlights of the report is that the US plans to deter multiple nuclear-armed adversaries simultaneously.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4679,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$cd\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\\\"\u003ePutin’s new nuclear rules shock West as Ukraine strikes Russia with US missile\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\\\"\u003eRussia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\\\"\u003eChina’s nuclear arsenal growing ‘faster than any other country’: Report\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T09:33:23\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T10:15:21\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 04:33 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 05:15 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-94-1.png\",\"title\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"name\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"alt_text\":\"US eyes new nuclear moves to counter Russia, China with gravity bomb, Ohio sub\",\"description\":\"A F-35 jet dropping an inert B61-12 during first trial in 2021.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg/800px-F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg?20230514214830\\\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States is facing multiple nuclear competitors and there may be a need for adjustments to be made to the 2022 Nuclear Posture Review, according to Richard C. Johnson, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Policy (N-CWMD).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Department of Defense (DOD) is examining these changes in the security environment and the resulting steps that might have to be taken in view of China\u0026#8217;s and Russia\u0026#8217;s enhanced capabilities. Furthermore, the possible lack of a nuclear arms control agreement after February 2025 might warrant an even more focused approach.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ce\",\"$cf\",\"$d0\",\"$d1\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":1,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-deterrence-need\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A F-35 jet dropping an inert B61-12 during first trial in 2021.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg/800px-F-35_B61-12_trial.jpg?20230514214830\\\"\u003eWikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-approves-changes-nuclear-doctrine\\\"\u003ePutin’s new nuclear rules shock West as Ukraine strikes Russia with US missile\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/russia-launches-icbm-against-ukraine\\\"\u003eRussia hits Ukraine with first intercontinental ballistic missile in a major attack\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-nuclear-weapon-stockpile\\\"\u003eChina’s nuclear arsenal growing ‘faster than any other country’: Report\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":122275,\"tags\":[\"3d printing\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"3d printing\",\"slug\":\"3d-printing\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/3d-printing\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d2\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3339,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d3\",\"related_content\":\"$d4\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-22T08:21:21\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-22T08:21:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 03:21 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 22, 2024 03:21 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-12.jpg\",\"title\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"name\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"alt_text\":\"Zero-gravity tech could let astronauts repair circuits in space with new nanoink\",\"description\":\"Researchers test their nanoink and printer technologies during a NASA microgravity flight. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://phys.org/news/2024-11-nanoink-technologies-enable-electronics-production.html\\\"\u003eShan Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a special ink and 3D printer that can function in zero gravity. This means astronauts will be able to print electronic components right in space.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis crucial development comes from the US-based Iowa State University.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe team conducted experiments on NASA\u0026#8217;s microgravity flights to test their technology. These flights simulate zero gravity by flying in parabolic arcs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d5\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the use of electric fields helps overcome the limitations of gravity, enabling precise 3D printing in the absence of gravity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTo evaluate the technique, the team fastened the printer to the floor of a NASA plane for a microgravity flight experiment.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe plane would soar to 32,000 feet, then dive back down to 24,000 feet over Florida. This created brief periods of “pure zero gravity.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It was exciting and new,\u0026#8221; said Shan Jiang, the lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBut printing in zero gravity is no easy feat. Even a few seconds of weightlessness can make it tough to keep things steady, unlike the stable conditions on Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, on the first flight, the printer wasn\u0026#8217;t tied down tightly enough to handle the plane\u0026#8217;s shaking and jolting.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These are very intense experiments that require a lot of teamwork and preparation,\u0026#8221; Jiang said.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d6\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronauts-to-3dprint-circuits-in-space\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers test their nanoink and printer technologies during a NASA microgravity 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