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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Metabolic diseases</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">2,190 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Metabolic diseases</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_diseases">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_diseases/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_diseases/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_diseases/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Metabolic_diseases">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18898377" data-work_id="18898377" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18898377/Congenital_hypotonia_is_there_an_algorithm">Congenital hypotonia: is there an algorithm?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study was performed with the aim of determining the diagnostic profile of newborns with hypotonia and of analyzing the usefulness of different procedures in the diagnostic process. One hundred thirty-eight hypotonic newborns were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18898377" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study was performed with the aim of determining the diagnostic profile of newborns with hypotonia and of analyzing the usefulness of different procedures in the diagnostic process. One hundred thirty-eight hypotonic newborns were identified through the search of hospital records in a 10-year period: 121 (88%) had central hypotonia and 13 (9%) had peripheral hypotonia, whereas 4 (3%) remained unclassified. Analysis of the contribution of clinical data and results of investigations led to the construction of an algorithm, by which all cases in the group were diagnosed. Step 1, which included clinical data and results of examinations, solved 50% of all diagnosed cases. Neuroimaging techniques made up step 2 and contributed to the diagnosis in 13%. Step 3 was accomplished by a search through Oxford Medical Databases, which yielded the final diagnosis in 9%, whereas karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization for Prader-Willi syndrome comprised step 4 and contributed to the di...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18898377" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91b388cd98980e074ace68c12ad31dc6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40317490,"asset_id":18898377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40317490/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38868776" href="https://uni-lj.academia.edu/DavidNeubauer">David Neubauer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38868776" type="text/json">{"id":38868776,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Neubauer","domain_name":"uni-lj","page_name":"DavidNeubauer","display_name":"David Neubauer","profile_url":"https://uni-lj.academia.edu/DavidNeubauer?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18898377 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18898377"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18898377, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18898377", }); 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u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose: This communication reports skeletal pathology in a Pleistocene endemic deer from the Mavromouri caves of Crete. Materials: 287 bones and bone fragments from Mavromouri caves are compared to 2986 bones from Liko Cave. Methods:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44261096" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: This communication reports skeletal pathology in a Pleistocene endemic deer from the Mavromouri caves of Crete. Materials: 287 bones and bone fragments from Mavromouri caves are compared to 2986 bones from Liko Cave. Methods: Bones were evaluated macroscopically, and measurements were made of morphometric characteristics of limb long bones. Representative bone specimens were examined radiographically and histologically. Results: Macroscopic hallmarks were loss of bone mass and increased porosity. The long bones were brittle, some of them having thin cortices, and others reduction of medullary cavities that contain dense Haversian tissue. The flat bones were spongy and fragile. Erosions of the metaphyses and articular surfaces were noted. Histological findings included: sub-periosteal resorption; loss of lamellar bone; enlargement of vascular canals; and re-modeling of cortical bone. Two types of fibrous osteodystrophy were recognized in skeletal remains, subostotic and hyperostotic. Conclusions: The deer of Mavromouri caves were affected by severe metabolic bone disease, likely nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. We hypothesize a multifactorial cause, including overgrazing, flora senescence, soil mineral deficiencies, and a prolonged period of climate extremes, degrading the Cretan deer habitat. Value: This is the first evidence of a metabolic bone disease causing this level of destructive pathology in an insular fossil deer. Limitations: The lack of absolute chronometric dates for the site limits potential linking with the prevailing environmental conditions. Suggestions for further research: Investigation of similar skeletal pathologies at other islands or isolated habitats is advised.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44261096" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a53bf08c93fe4a5578ad91c8bf5aa25b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64635924,"asset_id":44261096,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64635924/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1044810" href="https://naturalis.academia.edu/AlexandravanderGeer">Alexandra A E van der Geer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1044810" type="text/json">{"id":1044810,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"van der Geer","domain_name":"naturalis","page_name":"AlexandravanderGeer","display_name":"Alexandra A E van der Geer","profile_url":"https://naturalis.academia.edu/AlexandravanderGeer?f_ri=71517","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1044810/639301/794711/s65_alexandra.van_der_geer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44261096 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44261096"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44261096, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44261096", }); 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Materials: 287 bones and bone fragments from Mavromouri caves are compared to 2986 bones from Liko Cave. Methods: Bones were evaluated macroscopically, and measurements were made of morphometric characteristics of limb long bones. Representative bone specimens were examined radiographically and histologically. Results: Macroscopic hallmarks were loss of bone mass and increased porosity. The long bones were brittle, some of them having thin cortices, and others reduction of medullary cavities that contain dense Haversian tissue. The flat bones were spongy and fragile. Erosions of the metaphyses and articular surfaces were noted. Histological findings included: sub-periosteal resorption; loss of lamellar bone; enlargement of vascular canals; and re-modeling of cortical bone. Two types of fibrous osteodystrophy were recognized in skeletal remains, subostotic and hyperostotic. Conclusions: The deer of Mavromouri caves were affected by severe metabolic bone disease, likely nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. We hypothesize a multifactorial cause, including overgrazing, flora senescence, soil mineral deficiencies, and a prolonged period of climate extremes, degrading the Cretan deer habitat. Value: This is the first evidence of a metabolic bone disease causing this level of destructive pathology in an insular fossil deer. Limitations: The lack of absolute chronometric dates for the site limits potential linking with the prevailing environmental conditions. Suggestions for further research: Investigation of similar skeletal pathologies at other islands or isolated habitats is advised.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64635924,"asset_id":44261096,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1044810,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"van der Geer","domain_name":"naturalis","page_name":"AlexandravanderGeer","display_name":"Alexandra A E van der Geer","profile_url":"https://naturalis.academia.edu/AlexandravanderGeer?f_ri=71517","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1044810/639301/794711/s65_alexandra.van_der_geer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3135,"name":"Island Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Island_Studies?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":71517,"name":"Metabolic 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href="https://www.academia.edu/50413472/The_ethical_framework_for_performing_research_with_rare_inherited_neurometabolic_disease_patients">The ethical framework for performing research with rare inherited neurometabolic disease patients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50413472" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d774b790ed66731ca9eaf30c4804f3b" rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/14245683/Historical_perspective_visceral_obesity_and_related_comorbidity_in_Joannes_Baptista_Morgagnis_De_sedibus_et_causis_morborum_per_anatomen_indagata">Historical perspective: visceral obesity and related comorbidity in Joannes Baptista Morgagni's 'De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagata</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In recent years, advances in epidemiological approaches and laboratory technology, along with the availability of sophisticated imaging methods to evaluate body fat distribution, made it possible to define the close correlation between... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14245683" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In recent years, advances in epidemiological approaches and laboratory technology, along with the availability of sophisticated imaging methods to evaluate body fat distribution, made it possible to define the close correlation between visceral fat accumulation and the occurrence of metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory disturbances in obese patients. Some 250 y ago, JB Morgagni with the help of only a knife for anatomical dissection, an acute mind, and an observational skillfulness was able to identify the intra-abdominal and mediastinal fat accumulation in android obesity. He clearly described the association between visceral obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia, atherosclerosis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, long before the modern recognition of this syndrome.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14245683" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e98bd0b522293d44ca228f1bf204887" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44409777,"asset_id":14245683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44409777/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33215679" href="https://unipd.academia.edu/LucaBusetto">Luca Busetto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33215679" type="text/json">{"id":33215679,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Busetto","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"LucaBusetto","display_name":"Luca Busetto","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/LucaBusetto?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14245683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14245683"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14245683, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14245683", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14245683]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14245683").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14245683").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14245683"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3851" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity">Obesity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3851" type="text/json">{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24735" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_disease">Cardiovascular disease</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24735" type="text/json">{"id":24735,"name":"Cardiovascular disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_disease?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14245683]'), work: {"id":14245683,"title":"Historical perspective: visceral obesity and related comorbidity in Joannes Baptista Morgagni's 'De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagata","created_at":"2015-07-20T23:23:35.021-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14245683/Historical_perspective_visceral_obesity_and_related_comorbidity_in_Joannes_Baptista_Morgagnis_De_sedibus_et_causis_morborum_per_anatomen_indagata?f_ri=71517","dom_id":"work_14245683","summary":"In recent years, advances in epidemiological approaches and laboratory technology, along with the availability of sophisticated imaging methods to evaluate body fat distribution, made it possible to define the close correlation between visceral fat accumulation and the occurrence of metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory disturbances in obese patients. Some 250 y ago, JB Morgagni with the help of only a knife for anatomical dissection, an acute mind, and an observational skillfulness was able to identify the intra-abdominal and mediastinal fat accumulation in android obesity. He clearly described the association between visceral obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia, atherosclerosis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, long before the modern recognition of this syndrome.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44409777,"asset_id":14245683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33215679,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Busetto","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"LucaBusetto","display_name":"Luca Busetto","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/LucaBusetto?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":24735,"name":"Cardiovascular disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_disease?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=71517"},{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=71517"},{"id":37818,"name":"Metabolic syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_syndrome?f_ri=71517"},{"id":54589,"name":"Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy?f_ri=71517"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=71517"},{"id":71517,"name":"Metabolic diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_diseases?f_ri=71517"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14947145" data-work_id="14947145" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14947145/Extragastric_Manifestations_of_Helicobacter_pylori_Infection">Extragastric Manifestations of Helicobacter pylori Infection</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14947145" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6cb58e02bef06b3b349dfbc5f6831287" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":33939178,"first_name":"Davide","last_name":"Roccarina","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavideRoccarina","display_name":"Davide Roccarina","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavideRoccarina?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14947145 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14947145"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14947145, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14947145", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14947145 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14947145; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14947145"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14947145 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14947145"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14947145; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14947145]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14947145").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14947145").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14947145"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21460" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Helicobacter_pylori">Helicobacter pylori</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21460" type="text/json">{"id":21460,"name":"Helicobacter pylori","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Helicobacter_pylori?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41088" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats">Cats</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41088" type="text/json">{"id":41088,"name":"Cats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47067" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_diseases">Liver diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47067" type="text/json">{"id":47067,"name":"Liver diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_diseases?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14947145]'), work: {"id":14947145,"title":"Extragastric Manifestations of Helicobacter pylori Infection","created_at":"2015-08-15T16:46:36.100-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14947145/Extragastric_Manifestations_of_Helicobacter_pylori_Infection?f_ri=71517","dom_id":"work_14947145","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43713126,"asset_id":14947145,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33939178,"first_name":"Davide","last_name":"Roccarina","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavideRoccarina","display_name":"Davide Roccarina","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavideRoccarina?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21460,"name":"Helicobacter pylori","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Helicobacter_pylori?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":41088,"name":"Cats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":47067,"name":"Liver diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_diseases?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=71517"},{"id":71304,"name":"Autoimmune diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_diseases?f_ri=71517"},{"id":71343,"name":"Liver Cirrhosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_Cirrhosis?f_ri=71517"},{"id":71517,"name":"Metabolic diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_diseases?f_ri=71517"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=71517"},{"id":86515,"name":"Rosacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rosacea?f_ri=71517"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=71517"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=71517"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=71517"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=71517"},{"id":219680,"name":"Minerva Medica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minerva_Medica?f_ri=71517"},{"id":240324,"name":"Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology_of_Helicobacter_pylori_infection?f_ri=71517"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=71517"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=71517"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=71517"},{"id":559242,"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_Diseases?f_ri=71517"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=71517"},{"id":878962,"name":"Hematologic Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hematologic_Diseases?f_ri=71517"},{"id":989633,"name":"Iron Deficiency Anemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Deficiency_Anemia?f_ri=71517"},{"id":1423078,"name":"Nervous System Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nervous_System_Diseases?f_ri=71517"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=71517"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39366424" data-work_id="39366424" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39366424/Diet_and_Nutrition_Metabolic_Diseases">Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">“You Are What You Eat; how to win and keep health with diet”, was the title of a book, that nutritionist Victor Lindlahr wrote in 1920s. Since then, several nutritionists have written extensively on this topic. Over the years, scientists,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39366424" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">“You Are What You Eat; how to win and keep health with diet”, was the title of a book, that nutritionist Victor Lindlahr wrote in<br />1920s. Since then, several nutritionists have written extensively on this topic. Over the years, scientists, clinicians, policy makers,<br />and professional societies, have offered contradictory advice of what to eat or what not to eat, and when to eat. In view of the fact,<br />that my interests are focused on metabolic diseases, I will start this essay with some introduction to metabolism, as it modulates the<br />activities at molecular, cellular, organ, and total body level. In brief, metabolism is the chemical process your body uses, to transform<br />the food you eat into the fuel, that keeps you alive and well. Diet and nutrition by and large, consists of proteins, carbohydrates, fats<br />and a variety of micronutrients. These substance’s when ingested are broken down by enzymes in our digestive system, and then<br />carried to the cells, where they can be used as fuel. The body either uses these metabolites immediately, or stores them in the liver,<br />body fat, and muscles for later use. A metabolic disorder occurs, when the metabolic process fails and causes body to have either<br />too much or too little of the essential metabolites needed to stay healthy. In the ancient science of Ayurveda, the Indian Traditional<br />Medicine, alterations in metabolism are called “doshas”, meaning metabolic defects. In the holistic approach, attempts are made to<br />keep these dos has in a perfect balance, so that the risks for various diseases are not developed. All the known metabolic diseases,<br />such as hypertension, excess weight, endothelial dysfunction, subclinical atherosclerosis, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type-2<br />diabetes, have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. In this overview, we will discuss some of the known metabolic alterations<br />that promote the risks for developing metabolic diseases and present our views on the subject. .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39366424" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99f7e49b52d3d273a0063ba463843d91" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59509107,"asset_id":39366424,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59509107/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="97219795" href="https://unam.academia.edu/irispublishers">iris publishers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="97219795" type="text/json">{"id":97219795,"first_name":"iris","last_name":"publishers","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"irispublishers","display_name":"iris publishers","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/irispublishers?f_ri=71517","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/97219795/21209210/22437744/s65_iris.publishers.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39366424 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39366424"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39366424, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39366424", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39366424]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39366424").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39366424").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39366424"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="591" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics">Nutrition and Dietetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="591" type="text/json">{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension">Hypertension</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71399" type="text/json">{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71517" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_diseases">Metabolic diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71517" type="text/json">{"id":71517,"name":"Metabolic diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_diseases?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="197120" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endothelial_dysfunction">Endothelial dysfunction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="197120" type="text/json">{"id":197120,"name":"Endothelial dysfunction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endothelial_dysfunction?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39366424]'), work: {"id":39366424,"title":"Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases","created_at":"2019-06-04T02:59:14.073-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39366424/Diet_and_Nutrition_Metabolic_Diseases?f_ri=71517","dom_id":"work_39366424","summary":"“You Are What You Eat; how to win and keep health with diet”, was the title of a book, that nutritionist Victor Lindlahr wrote in\n1920s. Since then, several nutritionists have written extensively on this topic. Over the years, scientists, clinicians, policy makers,\nand professional societies, have offered contradictory advice of what to eat or what not to eat, and when to eat. In view of the fact,\nthat my interests are focused on metabolic diseases, I will start this essay with some introduction to metabolism, as it modulates the\nactivities at molecular, cellular, organ, and total body level. In brief, metabolism is the chemical process your body uses, to transform\nthe food you eat into the fuel, that keeps you alive and well. Diet and nutrition by and large, consists of proteins, carbohydrates, fats\nand a variety of micronutrients. These substance’s when ingested are broken down by enzymes in our digestive system, and then\ncarried to the cells, where they can be used as fuel. The body either uses these metabolites immediately, or stores them in the liver,\nbody fat, and muscles for later use. A metabolic disorder occurs, when the metabolic process fails and causes body to have either\ntoo much or too little of the essential metabolites needed to stay healthy. In the ancient science of Ayurveda, the Indian Traditional\nMedicine, alterations in metabolism are called “doshas”, meaning metabolic defects. In the holistic approach, attempts are made to\nkeep these dos has in a perfect balance, so that the risks for various diseases are not developed. All the known metabolic diseases,\nsuch as hypertension, excess weight, endothelial dysfunction, subclinical atherosclerosis, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type-2\ndiabetes, have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. In this overview, we will discuss some of the known metabolic alterations\nthat promote the risks for developing metabolic diseases and present our views on the subject. .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59509107,"asset_id":39366424,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":97219795,"first_name":"iris","last_name":"publishers","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"irispublishers","display_name":"iris publishers","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/irispublishers?f_ri=71517","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/97219795/21209210/22437744/s65_iris.publishers.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":71517,"name":"Metabolic diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_diseases?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":197120,"name":"Endothelial dysfunction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endothelial_dysfunction?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":2464755,"name":"Excess Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Excess_Weight?f_ri=71517"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74185057" data-work_id="74185057" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74185057/Ocular_manifestations_of_systemic_disease">Ocular manifestations of systemic disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Systemic diseases can present with ocular manifestations to the emergency physician. Although most ocular findings serve to alert the physician to a possible ocular complication, many are different enough to aid the physician in making an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74185057" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Systemic diseases can present with ocular manifestations to the emergency physician. Although most ocular findings serve to alert the physician to a possible ocular complication, many are different enough to aid the physician in making an obscure diagnosis. Knowledge of the characteristic ophthalmologic manifestations of systemic disease can aid the physician in diagnosing a particular disorder, limit the progression of more common diseases, and prevent further visual loss or blindness in patients with serious ophthalmologic complications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74185057" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51541319" href="https://ucberkeley.academia.edu/MMaus">Marlon Maus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51541319" type="text/json">{"id":51541319,"first_name":"Marlon","last_name":"Maus","domain_name":"ucberkeley","page_name":"MMaus","display_name":"Marlon Maus","profile_url":"https://ucberkeley.academia.edu/MMaus?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74185057 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74185057"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74185057, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74185057", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74185057]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74185057").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74185057").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74185057"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13734" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases">Communicable Diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13734" type="text/json">{"id":13734,"name":"Communicable Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41088" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats">Cats</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41088" type="text/json">{"id":41088,"name":"Cats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52438" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs">Dogs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52438" type="text/json">{"id":52438,"name":"Dogs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53303" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leishmaniasis">Leishmaniasis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53303" type="text/json">{"id":53303,"name":"Leishmaniasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leishmaniasis?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74185057]'), work: {"id":74185057,"title":"Ocular manifestations of systemic disease","created_at":"2022-03-20T22:47:37.680-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74185057/Ocular_manifestations_of_systemic_disease?f_ri=71517","dom_id":"work_74185057","summary":"Systemic diseases can present with ocular manifestations to the emergency physician. Although most ocular findings serve to alert the physician to a possible ocular complication, many are different enough to aid the physician in making an obscure diagnosis. Knowledge of the characteristic ophthalmologic manifestations of systemic disease can aid the physician in diagnosing a particular disorder, limit the progression of more common diseases, and prevent further visual loss or blindness in patients with serious ophthalmologic complications.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51541319,"first_name":"Marlon","last_name":"Maus","domain_name":"ucberkeley","page_name":"MMaus","display_name":"Marlon Maus","profile_url":"https://ucberkeley.academia.edu/MMaus?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13734,"name":"Communicable Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":41088,"name":"Cats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cats?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":52438,"name":"Dogs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":53303,"name":"Leishmaniasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leishmaniasis?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=71517"},{"id":71517,"name":"Metabolic diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_diseases?f_ri=71517"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=71517"},{"id":109739,"name":"Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection?f_ri=71517"},{"id":144034,"name":"Cataract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cataract?f_ri=71517"},{"id":489188,"name":"Emergencies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergencies?f_ri=71517"},{"id":559242,"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_Diseases?f_ri=71517"},{"id":878962,"name":"Hematologic Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hematologic_Diseases?f_ri=71517"},{"id":1195615,"name":"Lymphatic Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphatic_Diseases?f_ri=71517"},{"id":1846731,"name":"Keratitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Keratitis?f_ri=71517"},{"id":1938362,"name":"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acquired_immunodeficiency_syndrome?f_ri=71517"},{"id":2159933,"name":"Distemper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distemper?f_ri=71517"},{"id":2477663,"name":"Equine Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equine_Ophthalmology?f_ri=71517"},{"id":2562015,"name":"Conjunctivitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conjunctivitis?f_ri=71517"},{"id":3005392,"name":"Eye Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Diseases?f_ri=71517"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=71517"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14010038" data-work_id="14010038" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14010038/Dysregulation_of_glucose_metabolism_in_HIV_patients_epidemiology_mechanisms_and_management">Dysregulation of glucose metabolism in HIV patients: epidemiology, mechanisms, and management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14010038" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="090e385bf88eb2025aa0bfc21fdc6bbd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44709402,"asset_id":14010038,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44709402/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33042509" href="https://bcm.academia.edu/AshokBalasubramanyam">Ashok Balasubramanyam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33042509" type="text/json">{"id":33042509,"first_name":"Ashok","last_name":"Balasubramanyam","domain_name":"bcm","page_name":"AshokBalasubramanyam","display_name":"Ashok Balasubramanyam","profile_url":"https://bcm.academia.edu/AshokBalasubramanyam?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14010038 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14010038"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14010038, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14010038", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14010038 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14010038; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14010038"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14010038 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14010038"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14010038; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14010038]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14010038").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14010038").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14010038"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51373" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insulin_Resistance">Insulin Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51373" type="text/json">{"id":51373,"name":"Insulin Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insulin_Resistance?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71289" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucose">Glucose</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71289" type="text/json">{"id":71289,"name":"Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucose?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71511" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus">Diabetes mellitus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71511" type="text/json">{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14010038]'), work: {"id":14010038,"title":"Dysregulation of glucose metabolism in HIV patients: 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New Insights from Pharmacological Aspects to Clinical Evidences in the Management of Metabolic Disorders</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of isoquinoline alkaloids found in such plants as gender Berberis. Berberine is recognised to improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and preliminary clinical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67608228" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of isoquinoline alkaloids found in such plants as gender Berberis. Berberine is recognised to improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and preliminary clinical evidences suggest the ability of berberine to reduce endothelial inflammation improving vascular health, even in patients already affected by cardiovascular diseases, suggesting a possible interesting role of berberine and its metabolites in clinical practice. However, its physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic, and metabolism are not fully elucidated and contradictory data have been reported. This review provides a summary regarding the pharmacological and biological features of berberine, with a focus on berberine as well as their pharmacologically active metabolites and the different mechanisms underlying their activities in order to clarify the correct use of berberine supplementation, alone or in association with other nutraceuticals, for th...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67608228" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53756ec689dc752b0c41dfd41911ea93" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78363453,"asset_id":67608228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78363453/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="111961590" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SSpinozzi">Silvia Spinozzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="111961590" type="text/json">{"id":111961590,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Spinozzi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SSpinozzi","display_name":"Silvia Spinozzi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SSpinozzi?f_ri=71517","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/111961590/29706066/27611046/s65_silvia.spinozzi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67608228 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67608228"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67608228, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67608228", }); 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Berberine is recognised to improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and preliminary clinical evidences suggest the ability of berberine to reduce endothelial inflammation improving vascular health, even in patients already affected by cardiovascular diseases, suggesting a possible interesting role of berberine and its metabolites in clinical practice. However, its physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic, and metabolism are not fully elucidated and contradictory data have been reported. This review provides a summary regarding the pharmacological and biological features of berberine, with a focus on berberine as well as their pharmacologically active metabolites and the different mechanisms underlying their activities in order to clarify the correct use of berberine supplementation, alone or in association with other nutraceuticals, for th...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78363453,"asset_id":67608228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":111961590,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Spinozzi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SSpinozzi","display_name":"Silvia Spinozzi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SSpinozzi?f_ri=71517","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/111961590/29706066/27611046/s65_silvia.spinozzi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":71517,"name":"Metabolic 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atypical subtypes of depression represent distinct pathophysiological entities: CRH, neural circuits, and the diathesis for anxiety and depression","created_at":"2016-02-04T10:28:12.852-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21560366/Melancholic_and_atypical_subtypes_of_depression_represent_distinct_pathophysiological_entities_CRH_neural_circuits_and_the_diathesis_for_anxiety_and_depression?f_ri=71517","dom_id":"work_21560366","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42066533,"asset_id":21560366,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33577253,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Chrousos","domain_name":"uoa","page_name":"GChrousos","display_name":"George P 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u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12368838" data-work_id="12368838" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12368838/Antipsychotics_induced_metabolic_alterations_Focus_on_adipose_tissue_and_molecular_mechanisms">Antipsychotics-induced metabolic alterations: Focus on adipose tissue and molecular mechanisms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The use of antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of mood disorders and psychosis has increased dramatically over the last decade. Despite its consumption being associated with beneficial neuropsychiatric effects in patients, atypical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12368838" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The use of antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of mood disorders and psychosis has increased dramatically over the last decade. Despite its consumption being associated with beneficial neuropsychiatric effects in patients, atypical antipsychotics (which are the most frequently prescribed antipsychotics) use is accompanied by some secondary adverse metabolic effects such as weight gain, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance. The molecular mechanisms underlying these adverse effects are not fully understood but have been suggested to involve a dysregulation of adipose tissue homeostasis. As such, the aim of this paper is to review and discuss the role of adipose tissue in the development of secondary adverse metabolic effects induced by atypical antipsychotics. Data analyzed in this article suggest that atypical antipsychotics may increase adipose tissue (particularly visceral adipose tissue) lipogenesis, differentiation/hyperplasia, pro-inflammatory mediator secretion and insulin re...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12368838" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49689222bc2aa4f94d8ee8ad9a79e11a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46220255,"asset_id":12368838,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46220255/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31089782" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PedroGon%C3%A7alves30">Pedro Gonçalves</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31089782" type="text/json">{"id":31089782,"first_name":"Pedro","last_name":"Gonçalves","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PedroGonçalves30","display_name":"Pedro Gonçalves","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PedroGon%C3%A7alves30?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12368838 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12368838"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12368838, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12368838", }); 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Despite its consumption being associated with beneficial neuropsychiatric effects in patients, atypical antipsychotics (which are the most frequently prescribed antipsychotics) use is accompanied by some secondary adverse metabolic effects such as weight gain, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance. The molecular mechanisms underlying these adverse effects are not fully understood but have been suggested to involve a dysregulation of adipose tissue homeostasis. As such, the aim of this paper is to review and discuss the role of adipose tissue in the development of secondary adverse metabolic effects induced by atypical antipsychotics. Data analyzed in this article suggest that atypical antipsychotics may increase adipose tissue (particularly visceral adipose tissue) lipogenesis, differentiation/hyperplasia, pro-inflammatory mediator secretion and insulin re...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46220255,"asset_id":12368838,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31089782,"first_name":"Pedro","last_name":"Gonçalves","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PedroGonçalves30","display_name":"Pedro Gonçalves","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PedroGon%C3%A7alves30?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":51373,"name":"Insulin Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insulin_Resistance?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose 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functional connectivity in neuropsychiatric disorders</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The default mode network (DMN) describes a distributed network of brain regions that are predominantly activated and engaged during periods of spontaneous, stimulus independent thought (i.e., at rest) and remain quiescent during... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18944370" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The default mode network (DMN) describes a distributed network of brain regions that are predominantly activated and engaged during periods of spontaneous, stimulus independent thought (i.e., at rest) and remain quiescent during attention-demanding, goal-directed tasks. Replicated evidence in functional neuroimaging studies suggests that midline cortical and subcortical brain regions responsible for memory, self-relevant emotional and mental processes, as well as information integration comprise the DMN. The DMN is posited to represent self-referential mental activity via a dynamic interplay of cognitive and emotional processes by integrating information from the external environment with introspective thoughts to generate an autobiographical concept of the self. It has been amply documented that irregularities in the DMN and its functional connectivity are associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. 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Replicated evidence in functional neuroimaging studies suggests that midline cortical and subcortical brain regions responsible for memory, self-relevant emotional and mental processes, as well as information integration comprise the DMN. The DMN is posited to represent self-referential mental activity via a dynamic interplay of cognitive and emotional processes by integrating information from the external environment with introspective thoughts to generate an autobiographical concept of the self. It has been amply documented that irregularities in the DMN and its functional connectivity are associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. 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Principles for the Therapeutic Exploitation of Glycosylation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Glycosylation plays a key role in a wide range of biological processes. Specific modification to a glycan’s structure can directly modulate its biological function. Glycans are not only essential to glycoprotein folding, cellular... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75013460" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Glycosylation plays a key role in a wide range of biological processes. Specific modification to a glycan’s structure can directly modulate its biological function. Glycans are not only essential to glycoprotein folding, cellular homeostasis, and immune regulation but are involved in multiple disease conditions. An increased molecular and structural understanding of the mechanistic role that glycans play in these pathological processes has driven the development of therapeutics and illuminated novel targets for drug design. This knowledge has enabled the treatment of metabolic disorders and the development of antivirals and shaped cancer and viral vaccine strategies. Furthermore, an understanding of glycosylation has led to the development of specific drug glycoforms, for example, monoclonal antibodies, with enhanced potency.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75013460" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3c4c4768ba0ab398a3f9d4fa6367ae7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82955133,"asset_id":75013460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82955133/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32951204" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/NicoleZitzmann">Nicole Zitzmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32951204" type="text/json">{"id":32951204,"first_name":"Nicole","last_name":"Zitzmann","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"NicoleZitzmann","display_name":"Nicole Zitzmann","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/NicoleZitzmann?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75013460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75013460"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75013460, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75013460", }); 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They belonged to three unrelated families from different regions of Greece. Their parents were healthy and nonconsanguineous. All pregnancies and perinatal periods... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50739783" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">All patients were assessed clinically at Agia Sofia Hospital in Athens. They belonged to three unrelated families from different regions of Greece. Their parents were healthy and nonconsanguineous. All pregnancies and perinatal periods were uneventful. 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2013</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73834568" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21323227" data-work_id="21323227" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21323227/Review_of_the_refeeding_syndrome">Review of the refeeding syndrome</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Refeeding syndrome describes a constellation of metabolic disturbances that occur as a result of reinstitution of nutrition to patients who are starved or severely malnourished. Patients can develop fluid and electrolyte disorders,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21323227" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Refeeding syndrome describes a constellation of metabolic disturbances that occur as a result of reinstitution of nutrition to patients who are starved or severely malnourished. Patients can develop fluid and electrolyte disorders, especially hypophosphatemia, along with neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, neuromuscular, and hematologic complications. We reviewed literature on refeeding syndrome and the associated electrolyte abnormalities, fluid disturbances, and associated complications. In addition to assessing scientific literature, we also considered clinical experience and judgment in developing recommendations for prevention and treatment of refeeding syndrome. The most important steps are to identify patients at risk for developing refeeding syndrome, institute nutrition support cautiously, and correct and supplement electrolyte and vitamin deficiencies to avoid refeeding syndrome. We provide suggestions for the prevention of refeeding syndrome and suggestions for treatment of e...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21323227" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3b603a5936754e6b2bb0128e3123c94" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41815872,"asset_id":21323227,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41815872/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42422933" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GordonSacks">Gordon Sacks</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42422933" type="text/json">{"id":42422933,"first_name":"Gordon","last_name":"Sacks","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GordonSacks","display_name":"Gordon Sacks","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GordonSacks?f_ri=71517","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42422933/19163966/19110237/s65_gordon.sacks.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21323227 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21323227"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21323227, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21323227", }); 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Patients can develop fluid and electrolyte disorders, especially hypophosphatemia, along with neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, neuromuscular, and hematologic complications. We reviewed literature on refeeding syndrome and the associated electrolyte abnormalities, fluid disturbances, and associated complications. In addition to assessing scientific literature, we also considered clinical experience and judgment in developing recommendations for prevention and treatment of refeeding syndrome. The most important steps are to identify patients at risk for developing refeeding syndrome, institute nutrition support cautiously, and correct and supplement electrolyte and vitamin deficiencies to avoid refeeding syndrome. We provide suggestions for the prevention of refeeding syndrome and suggestions for treatment of e...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41815872,"asset_id":21323227,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42422933,"first_name":"Gordon","last_name":"Sacks","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GordonSacks","display_name":"Gordon Sacks","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GordonSacks?f_ri=71517","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42422933/19163966/19110237/s65_gordon.sacks.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59372,"name":"Malnutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malnutrition?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":71517,"name":"Metabolic diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_diseases?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":1225171,"name":"Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syndrome?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25722057" data-work_id="25722057" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25722057/Eating_and_shift_work_effects_on_habits_metabolism_and_performance">Eating and shift work – effects on habits, metabolism and performance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25722057" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="84906e12e3740658bb195127b2db8468" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46070214,"asset_id":25722057,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46070214/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32568774" href="https://usp-br1.academia.edu/ClaudiaRobertaDeCastroMoreno">Claudia Roberta De Castro Moreno</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32568774" type="text/json">{"id":32568774,"first_name":"Claudia Roberta De Castro","last_name":"Moreno","domain_name":"usp-br1","page_name":"ClaudiaRobertaDeCastroMoreno","display_name":"Claudia Roberta De Castro Moreno","profile_url":"https://usp-br1.academia.edu/ClaudiaRobertaDeCastroMoreno?f_ri=71517","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32568774/28289169/26479717/s65_claudia_roberta_de_castro.moreno.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25722057 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25722057"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25722057, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25722057", }); 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Infrequently patients might present in the outpatient settings with non-specific symptoms that might be due to abnormalities of divalent cation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26072641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abnormalities of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are common in hospitalized patients. Infrequently patients might present in the outpatient settings with non-specific symptoms that might be due to abnormalities of divalent cation (magnesium, calcium) or phosphorous metabolism. Several inherited disorders have been identified that result in renal or intestinal wasting of these elements. Physicians need to have a thorough understanding of the mechanism of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous metabolism and diagnoses disorders due to excess or deficiency of these elements. Prompt identification and treatment of the underlying disorders result in prevention of serious morbidity and mortality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26072641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df9f8139cc2adad8a6d7e405a1f91d93" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46421003,"asset_id":26072641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46421003/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45430992" href="https://univdhaka.academia.edu/AmitKumarGhosh">Amit Kumar Ghosh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45430992" type="text/json">{"id":45430992,"first_name":"Amit Kumar","last_name":"Ghosh","domain_name":"univdhaka","page_name":"AmitKumarGhosh","display_name":"Amit Kumar Ghosh","profile_url":"https://univdhaka.academia.edu/AmitKumarGhosh?f_ri=71517","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45430992/12054026/13428731/s65_amit_kumar.ghosh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26072641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26072641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26072641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26072641", }); 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Infrequently patients might present in the outpatient settings with non-specific symptoms that might be due to abnormalities of divalent cation (magnesium, calcium) or phosphorous metabolism. Several inherited disorders have been identified that result in renal or intestinal wasting of these elements. Physicians need to have a thorough understanding of the mechanism of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous metabolism and diagnoses disorders due to excess or deficiency of these elements. 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(such as obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome) that are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13198413" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Antipsychotic medications can induce cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities (such as obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome) that are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Controversy remains about the contribution of individual antipsychotic drugs to this increased risk and whether they cause sudden cardiac death through prolongation of the corrected QT interval. Although some drug receptor-binding affinities correlate with specific cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities, the exact pharmacological mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Antipsychotic agents with prominent metabolic adverse effects might cause abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism via both obesity-related and obesity-unrelated molecular mechanisms. Despite existing guidelines and recommendations, many antipsychotic-drug-treated patients are not assessed for even the most easily measurable metabolic and cardi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13198413" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99c8a0562fdc5140ed0dc684f99c45b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45598670,"asset_id":13198413,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45598670/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32455340" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/MarcHert">Marc Hert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32455340" type="text/json">{"id":32455340,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Hert","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"MarcHert","display_name":"Marc Hert","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/MarcHert?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13198413 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13198413"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13198413, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13198413", }); 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Its deficiency or its excess has consequences on many organs, especially the liver and the brain. The biochemical tests performed in case of suspicion... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17851107" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Copper is essential for many enzymatic reactions and in neurotransmitter biosynthesis. Its deficiency or its excess has consequences on many organs, especially the liver and the brain. The biochemical tests performed in case of suspicion of copper metabolism disorder are difficult to analyse. They include the measurement of serum ceruloplasmin, serum copper and 24h urinary copper excretion. The interpretation must take into account the clinical features. We distinguish mainly: (1) copper deficiency, acquired in malabsorption or in copper diet deficiency, or related to a genetic disease (Menkes disease); (2) copper overload, acquired or from a genetic origin (Wilson disease); (3) aceruloplasminemia, reducing ferroxidase activity leading to iron overload. It is important to diagnose these diseases as some of them have an effective treatment if it is started early enough.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17851107" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc12713de5011c2637273fbf87b9ff94" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42222715,"asset_id":17851107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42222715/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29782205" href="https://univ-paris5.academia.edu/Jo%C3%ABlPoupon">Joël Poupon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29782205" type="text/json">{"id":29782205,"first_name":"Joël","last_name":"Poupon","domain_name":"univ-paris5","page_name":"JoëlPoupon","display_name":"Joël Poupon","profile_url":"https://univ-paris5.academia.edu/Jo%C3%ABlPoupon?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17851107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17851107"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17851107, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17851107", }); 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Its deficiency or its excess has consequences on many organs, especially the liver and the brain. The biochemical tests performed in case of suspicion of copper metabolism disorder are difficult to analyse. They include the measurement of serum ceruloplasmin, serum copper and 24h urinary copper excretion. The interpretation must take into account the clinical features. We distinguish mainly: (1) copper deficiency, acquired in malabsorption or in copper diet deficiency, or related to a genetic disease (Menkes disease); (2) copper overload, acquired or from a genetic origin (Wilson disease); (3) aceruloplasminemia, reducing ferroxidase activity leading to iron overload. It is important to diagnose these diseases as some of them have an effective treatment if it is started early enough.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42222715,"asset_id":17851107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29782205,"first_name":"Joël","last_name":"Poupon","domain_name":"univ-paris5","page_name":"JoëlPoupon","display_name":"Joël Poupon","profile_url":"https://univ-paris5.academia.edu/Jo%C3%ABlPoupon?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=71517","nofollow":false},{"id":71517,"name":"Metabolic 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31649369" data-work_id="31649369" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31649369/Life_and_death_in_a_civitas_capital_Metabolic_disease_and_trauma_in_the_children_from_late_Roman_Dorchester_Dorset">Life and death in a civitas capital: Metabolic disease and trauma in the children from late Roman Dorchester, Dorset</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31649369" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="117711" href="https://reading.academia.edu/MaryLewis">Mary Lewis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="117711" type="text/json">{"id":117711,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Lewis","domain_name":"reading","page_name":"MaryLewis","display_name":"Mary Lewis","profile_url":"https://reading.academia.edu/MaryLewis?f_ri=71517","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/117711/31636/45142985/s65_mary.lewis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31649369 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31649369"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31649369, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31649369", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31649369 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73834567" data-work_id="73834567" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73834567/Global_regional_and_national_comparative_risk_assessment_of_79_behavioural_environmental_and_occupational_and_metabolic_risks_or_clusters_of_risks_in_188_countries_1990_2013_a_systematic_analysis_for_the_Global_Burden_of_Disease_Study_2013">Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73834567" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavio...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73834567" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ad1e64fdde925f218d3e334edc0e902" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82204353,"asset_id":73834567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82204353/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMzU3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54844540" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CatalinaAndrei2">Catalina Andrei</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54844540" type="text/json">{"id":54844540,"first_name":"Catalina","last_name":"Andrei","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CatalinaAndrei2","display_name":"Catalina Andrei","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CatalinaAndrei2?f_ri=71517","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73834567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73834567"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73834567, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73834567", }); 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