CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Environmental science and technology Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="xbG2HA4EGXDUZjtX0R-BJSMCS0WWnuPOyp71_Y4c5VCAKvIkjTbYtUX4yhXjyCEkkNkYfn1hW5mYceueLGgyWw" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?after=50%2C17511217" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Environmental science and technology Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '075e914b9e16164113b5b9afd7238a56a7292942'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14035,"monthly_visitors":"102 million","monthly_visitor_count":102864795,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":102,"user_count":283280427,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740067826000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740067826000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-40698df34f913bd208bb70f09d2feb7c6286046250be17a4db35bba2c08b0e2f.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-6145545f49b709c1199990a76c559bd4c35429284884cbcb3cf7f1916215e941.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-5e022a2ab081599fcedc76886fa95a606f8073416cae1641695a9906c9a80b81.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Environmental science and technology</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">26,795 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Environmental science and technology</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Environmental_science_and_technology">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43725888" data-work_id="43725888" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43725888/LESSONS_IN_CONSERVATION_CONSERVATION_Volume_10_Network_of_Conservation_Educators_and_Practitioners_">LESSONS IN CONSERVATION CONSERVATION, Volume 10 (Network of Conservation Educators & Practitioners)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43725888" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8dbfa2f23515d5dfb31fe3dcdbf288dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64034645,"asset_id":43725888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64034645/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31699452" href="https://colostate.academia.edu/AnthonyGiordano">Anthony J Giordano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31699452" type="text/json">{"id":31699452,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Giordano","domain_name":"colostate","page_name":"AnthonyGiordano","display_name":"Anthony J Giordano","profile_url":"https://colostate.academia.edu/AnthonyGiordano?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31699452/21538359/20900645/s65_anthony.giordano.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43725888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43725888"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43725888, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43725888", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43725888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43725888; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43725888"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43725888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43725888"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43725888; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43725888]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43725888").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43725888").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43725888"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1063" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education">Environmental Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1063" type="text/json">{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3386" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_for_Social_Innovation">Design for Social Innovation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3386" type="text/json">{"id":3386,"name":"Design for Social Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_for_Social_Innovation?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43725888]'), work: {"id":43725888,"title":"LESSONS IN CONSERVATION CONSERVATION, Volume 10 (Network of Conservation Educators \u0026 Practitioners)","created_at":"2020-07-27T20:09:47.959-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43725888/LESSONS_IN_CONSERVATION_CONSERVATION_Volume_10_Network_of_Conservation_Educators_and_Practitioners_?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_43725888","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64034645,"asset_id":43725888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31699452,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Giordano","domain_name":"colostate","page_name":"AnthonyGiordano","display_name":"Anthony J Giordano","profile_url":"https://colostate.academia.edu/AnthonyGiordano?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31699452/21538359/20900645/s65_anthony.giordano.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":3386,"name":"Design for Social Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_for_Social_Innovation?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":6093,"name":"Museum Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Education?f_ri=34633"},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=34633"},{"id":9363,"name":"Design Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_Innovation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":15282,"name":"Technological Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technological_Innovation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=34633"},{"id":21555,"name":"Open Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Innovation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":26370,"name":"Conservation Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Science?f_ri=34633"},{"id":30491,"name":"Conservation planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_planning?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":38474,"name":"Conservation Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Education?f_ri=34633"},{"id":61498,"name":"Social Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Innovation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":88280,"name":"Environmental Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":508624,"name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_and_Conservation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":939797,"name":"Social Entrepreneurship \u0026 Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Entrepreneurship_and_Innovation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":2514388,"name":"Conservation Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Technology?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13646107 coauthored" data-work_id="13646107" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13646107/Efficient_Production_of_Solar_Fuel_Using_Existing_Large_Scale_Production_Technologies">Efficient Production of Solar Fuel Using Existing Large Scale Production Technologies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Global energy consumption will at least double during this century. Today about 80% of the primary energy used is provided by fossil fuels. To avoid anthropogenic climate change, it is essential that the world's energy system is gradually... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13646107" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Global energy consumption will at least double during this century. Today about 80% of the primary energy used is provided by fossil fuels. To avoid anthropogenic climate change, it is essential that the world's energy system is gradually transformed from fossil energy based to a solar based one. In such a solar world, efficient energy storage is prerequisite to deal with the intermittency of this abundant source. Storage in the form of chemical energy, that is, solar fuels, provides a natural route to deal with this problem. An obvious solar fuel would be hydrogen, which can be produced efficiently from solar energy through direct splitting of water or through combination of solar electricity production with electrolysis of water. 1 Unfortunately, hydrogen has a major disadvantage as its transport and storage is not trivial. No such storage problem exists for alcohols or liquid hydrocarbons. Especially liquid hydrocarbons are preferred solar fuels in view of their unprecedented combination of gravimetric and volumetric energy density and the worldwide existing markets and infrastructure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13646107" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="008ecf7ccd92dba603327bbcfcc0d41d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45112300,"asset_id":13646107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45112300/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32955764" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WimHaije">Wim Haije</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32955764" type="text/json">{"id":32955764,"first_name":"Wim","last_name":"Haije","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WimHaije","display_name":"Wim Haije","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WimHaije?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13646107">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13646107"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://tudelft.academia.edu/HansGeerlings">Hans Geerlings</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13646107'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13646107').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13646107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13646107"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13646107, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13646107", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13646107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13646107; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13646107"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13646107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13646107"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13646107; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13646107]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13646107").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13646107").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13646107"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3771" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3771" type="text/json">{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63431" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Energy">Solar Energy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63431" type="text/json">{"id":63431,"name":"Solar Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Energy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13646107]'), work: {"id":13646107,"title":"Efficient Production of Solar Fuel Using Existing Large Scale Production Technologies","created_at":"2015-07-05T02:40:23.912-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13646107/Efficient_Production_of_Solar_Fuel_Using_Existing_Large_Scale_Production_Technologies?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_13646107","summary":"Global energy consumption will at least double during this century. Today about 80% of the primary energy used is provided by fossil fuels. To avoid anthropogenic climate change, it is essential that the world's energy system is gradually transformed from fossil energy based to a solar based one. In such a solar world, efficient energy storage is prerequisite to deal with the intermittency of this abundant source. Storage in the form of chemical energy, that is, solar fuels, provides a natural route to deal with this problem. An obvious solar fuel would be hydrogen, which can be produced efficiently from solar energy through direct splitting of water or through combination of solar electricity production with electrolysis of water. 1 Unfortunately, hydrogen has a major disadvantage as its transport and storage is not trivial. No such storage problem exists for alcohols or liquid hydrocarbons. Especially liquid hydrocarbons are preferred solar fuels in view of their unprecedented combination of gravimetric and volumetric energy density and the worldwide existing markets and infrastructure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45112300,"asset_id":13646107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32955764,"first_name":"Wim","last_name":"Haije","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WimHaije","display_name":"Wim Haije","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WimHaije?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32803286,"first_name":"Hans","last_name":"Geerlings","domain_name":"tudelft","page_name":"HansGeerlings","display_name":"Hans Geerlings","profile_url":"https://tudelft.academia.edu/HansGeerlings?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":63431,"name":"Solar Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Energy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":270438,"name":"HYDROCARBONS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HYDROCARBONS?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48999589" data-work_id="48999589" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48999589/Environmental_Technology_and_Innovation">Environmental Technology & Innovation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem, agriculture ecosystem plays a key role in supporting and maintaining human survival on earth. To restore contaminated sites as well as improve soil fertility, applying biochar to soil is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48999589" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem, agriculture ecosystem plays a key role in supporting and maintaining human survival on earth. To restore contaminated sites as well as improve soil fertility, applying biochar to soil is an environmentally approachable technology. To evaluate the benefit of applying peanut shells biochar (PNB) to the soil,<br />a glasshouse experiment was conducted at a ratio of biochar of 2%, 4%, and 6% of either type of biochar. The results indicated that PNB application increased soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil. The bioavailable concentration of PTEs such as cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni),<br />arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased by about 25%, 50%, 31%, 55%, and 41% by applying PNB at ratio of 6%. Furthermore, in the same treatment group (PNB-6%), the significant (P < 0.01) decrease in Cr (62%), Ni (44%), As (43%), Cd (41%), and Pb (44%) bioaccumulation was detected in Brassica oleracea L. shoots. In the treatment group of RSB-6%, B. oleracea antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) declined significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by about 68%, 55%, and 38% respectively. A statistically highest significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in concentration of chlorophyll a, b (125%, 350%) and carotenoid (166%) was found in the B. oleracea shoots treated with the highest ratio of PNB (6%). Leaf soluble protein significantly (P<0.01) raised by about 50%, 100%, and 250% in the B. oleracea grew in the soil treated with PNB at the ratio of 2%, 4%, and 6%, respectively, while leaf soluble proline and sugar concentrations significantly (P ≤ 0.05) declined<br />by about 40%, 60%, and 80% as well as 30%, 50%, and 70%. The results suggested that PNB-6% was the best acidic soil amendment among the tested treatment. However,<br />larger-scale studies are needed to verify the effects of PNB on plant growth, toxicity, and soil properties in diverse environmental conditions before widespread agricultural application.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48999589" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc8622bb67cced5a18d553e9d75755cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67387939,"asset_id":48999589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67387939/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="109846520" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MuhammadIbrahim628">Muhammad Ibrahim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="109846520" type="text/json">{"id":109846520,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Ibrahim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MuhammadIbrahim628","display_name":"Muhammad Ibrahim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MuhammadIbrahim628?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48999589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48999589"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48999589, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48999589", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48999589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48999589; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48999589"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48999589 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48999589"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48999589; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48999589]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48999589").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48999589").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48999589"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48999589]'), work: {"id":48999589,"title":"Environmental Technology \u0026 Innovation","created_at":"2021-05-20T21:41:54.865-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48999589/Environmental_Technology_and_Innovation?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_48999589","summary":"As an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem, agriculture ecosystem plays a key role in supporting and maintaining human survival on earth. To restore contaminated sites as well as improve soil fertility, applying biochar to soil is an environmentally approachable technology. To evaluate the benefit of applying peanut shells biochar (PNB) to the soil,\na glasshouse experiment was conducted at a ratio of biochar of 2%, 4%, and 6% of either type of biochar. The results indicated that PNB application increased soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil. The bioavailable concentration of PTEs such as cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni),\narsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased by about 25%, 50%, 31%, 55%, and 41% by applying PNB at ratio of 6%. Furthermore, in the same treatment group (PNB-6%), the significant (P \u003c 0.01) decrease in Cr (62%), Ni (44%), As (43%), Cd (41%), and Pb (44%) bioaccumulation was detected in Brassica oleracea L. shoots. In the treatment group of RSB-6%, B. oleracea antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) declined significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by about 68%, 55%, and 38% respectively. A statistically highest significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in concentration of chlorophyll a, b (125%, 350%) and carotenoid (166%) was found in the B. oleracea shoots treated with the highest ratio of PNB (6%). Leaf soluble protein significantly (P\u003c0.01) raised by about 50%, 100%, and 250% in the B. oleracea grew in the soil treated with PNB at the ratio of 2%, 4%, and 6%, respectively, while leaf soluble proline and sugar concentrations significantly (P ≤ 0.05) declined\nby about 40%, 60%, and 80% as well as 30%, 50%, and 70%. The results suggested that PNB-6% was the best acidic soil amendment among the tested treatment. However,\nlarger-scale studies are needed to verify the effects of PNB on plant growth, toxicity, and soil properties in diverse environmental conditions before widespread agricultural application.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67387939,"asset_id":48999589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":109846520,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Ibrahim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MuhammadIbrahim628","display_name":"Muhammad Ibrahim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MuhammadIbrahim628?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81194465" data-work_id="81194465" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81194465/Characterization_and_Reduction_of_in_use_CH4_Emissions_from_a_Dual_Fuel_Marine_Engine_Using_Wavelength_Modulation_Spectroscopy">Characterization and Reduction of in-use CH4 Emissions from a Dual Fuel Marine Engine Using Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In-use exhaust stream CH 4 emissions from two dual fuel marine engines were characterized and strategies for CH 4 reduction were identified and evaluated. For this, a low-cost, portable, wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) system was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81194465" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In-use exhaust stream CH 4 emissions from two dual fuel marine engines were characterized and strategies for CH 4 reduction were identified and evaluated. For this, a low-cost, portable, wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) system was developed. The performance of the developed WMS sensor was assessed using gas standards and demonstrated on a heavy-duty, diesel pilot ignited, direct-injection natural gas research engine through comparison to a flame ionization detector. The WMS sensor was subsequently used to measure the exhaust-stream CH 4 concentration from two diesel pilot-ignited, port-injected natural gas engines on a coastal vessel while under normal 1 Page 1 of 24 ACS Paragon Plus Environment Environmental Science & Technology operation. Using cylinder deactivation to reduce the excess air ratio, λ, and vessel operation changes to minimize operation at lower loads, the total CH 4 emission were reduced by up to 33%. The measured, load specific CH 4 emissions were subsequently used to identify an improved vessel operation strategy, with an estimated 56-60% reduction in CH 4 emissions. These results demonstrate the importance of considering the real-world engine operation profile for accurate estimates of the global warming potential, as well as the utility of a WMS sensor for characterizing and mitigating in-use CH 4 emissions. TOC Art Lean Fuel Mixture Unburned CH 4 WMS CH 4 Instrument Diode Laser Operational changes Engine strategy >50% CH 4 Reduction Natural Gas Global Warming Potential (CO2e) CH 4 CH 4</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81194465" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77831b92f1554c0cb1cbad3d8a9fcdb4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87324621,"asset_id":81194465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87324621/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9025253" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/MiayanYeremi">Miayan Yeremi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9025253" type="text/json">{"id":9025253,"first_name":"Miayan","last_name":"Yeremi","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"MiayanYeremi","display_name":"Miayan Yeremi","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/MiayanYeremi?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81194465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81194465"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81194465, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81194465", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_81194465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81194465; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_81194465"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_81194465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81194465"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81194465; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81194465]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81194465").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81194465").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81194465"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81194465]'), work: {"id":81194465,"title":"Characterization and Reduction of in-use CH4 Emissions from a Dual Fuel Marine Engine Using Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy","created_at":"2022-06-10T15:27:43.778-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81194465/Characterization_and_Reduction_of_in_use_CH4_Emissions_from_a_Dual_Fuel_Marine_Engine_Using_Wavelength_Modulation_Spectroscopy?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_81194465","summary":"In-use exhaust stream CH 4 emissions from two dual fuel marine engines were characterized and strategies for CH 4 reduction were identified and evaluated. For this, a low-cost, portable, wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) system was developed. The performance of the developed WMS sensor was assessed using gas standards and demonstrated on a heavy-duty, diesel pilot ignited, direct-injection natural gas research engine through comparison to a flame ionization detector. The WMS sensor was subsequently used to measure the exhaust-stream CH 4 concentration from two diesel pilot-ignited, port-injected natural gas engines on a coastal vessel while under normal 1 Page 1 of 24 ACS Paragon Plus Environment Environmental Science \u0026 Technology operation. Using cylinder deactivation to reduce the excess air ratio, λ, and vessel operation changes to minimize operation at lower loads, the total CH 4 emission were reduced by up to 33%. The measured, load specific CH 4 emissions were subsequently used to identify an improved vessel operation strategy, with an estimated 56-60% reduction in CH 4 emissions. These results demonstrate the importance of considering the real-world engine operation profile for accurate estimates of the global warming potential, as well as the utility of a WMS sensor for characterizing and mitigating in-use CH 4 emissions. TOC Art Lean Fuel Mixture Unburned CH 4 WMS CH 4 Instrument Diode Laser Operational changes Engine strategy \u003e50% CH 4 Reduction Natural Gas Global Warming Potential (CO2e) CH 4 CH 4","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87324621,"asset_id":81194465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9025253,"first_name":"Miayan","last_name":"Yeremi","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"MiayanYeremi","display_name":"Miayan Yeremi","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/MiayanYeremi?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71493344" data-work_id="71493344" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/71493344/Evaluating_the_Quality_of_Structured_Environmental_Management_Decisions">Evaluating the Quality of Structured Environmental Management Decisions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71493344" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="247957" href="https://osu.academia.edu/RobynWilson">Robyn S Wilson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="247957" type="text/json">{"id":247957,"first_name":"Robyn","last_name":"Wilson","domain_name":"osu","page_name":"RobynWilson","display_name":"Robyn S Wilson","profile_url":"https://osu.academia.edu/RobynWilson?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71493344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71493344"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71493344, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71493344", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71493344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71493344; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71493344"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71493344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71493344"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71493344; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71493344]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71493344").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71493344").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71493344"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making">Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1681" type="text/json">{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management">Environmental Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7609" type="text/json">{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71493344]'), work: {"id":71493344,"title":"Evaluating the Quality of Structured Environmental Management Decisions","created_at":"2022-02-14T06:00:45.791-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71493344/Evaluating_the_Quality_of_Structured_Environmental_Management_Decisions?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_71493344","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247957,"first_name":"Robyn","last_name":"Wilson","domain_name":"osu","page_name":"RobynWilson","display_name":"Robyn S Wilson","profile_url":"https://osu.academia.edu/RobynWilson?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=34633"},{"id":13424,"name":"Decision Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Analysis?f_ri=34633"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=34633"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=34633"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":719974,"name":"Conservation of Natural Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_of_Natural_Resources?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70213511" data-work_id="70213511" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70213511/Metabolism_and_Bioactivation_of_Fluorochloridone_a_Novel_Selective_Herbicide_in_Vivo_and_in_Vitro">Metabolism and Bioactivation of Fluorochloridone, a Novel Selective Herbicide, in Vivo and in Vitro</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fluorochloridone (FLC) is a herbicide used worldwide that is thought to be safe. However, due to its potential genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and even systematic toxicity, there are increasing concerns about human exposure to this compound.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70213511" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fluorochloridone (FLC) is a herbicide used worldwide that is thought to be safe. However, due to its potential genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and even systematic toxicity, there are increasing concerns about human exposure to this compound. Thus, the metabolism and bioactivation of FLC was investigated. After oral administration to mice, 27 metabolites were identified by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry and with further structural identification by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Hydroxylation and oxidative dechlorination were the major phase I pathways, while glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine conjugations were two major phase II pathways, indicating the formation of a reactive intermediate. In vitro microsomal and cytosolic studies revealed that a GSH conjugate (M13) was the predominant metabolite of FLC formed through a nucleophilic SN2 substitution of 3-Cl by GSH; this pathway is NADPH indep...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70213511" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c6591beaf63e1d9e9223beb2b0963a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80051994,"asset_id":70213511,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80051994/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="182176527" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZhijunZhou6">Zhijun Zhou</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="182176527" type="text/json">{"id":182176527,"first_name":"Zhijun","last_name":"Zhou","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZhijunZhou6","display_name":"Zhijun Zhou","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZhijunZhou6?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70213511 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70213511"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70213511, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70213511", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70213511 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70213511; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70213511"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70213511 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70213511"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70213511; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70213511]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70213511").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70213511").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70213511"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70213511]'), work: {"id":70213511,"title":"Metabolism and Bioactivation of Fluorochloridone, a Novel Selective Herbicide, in Vivo and in Vitro","created_at":"2022-02-01T04:59:15.061-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70213511/Metabolism_and_Bioactivation_of_Fluorochloridone_a_Novel_Selective_Herbicide_in_Vivo_and_in_Vitro?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_70213511","summary":"Fluorochloridone (FLC) is a herbicide used worldwide that is thought to be safe. However, due to its potential genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and even systematic toxicity, there are increasing concerns about human exposure to this compound. Thus, the metabolism and bioactivation of FLC was investigated. After oral administration to mice, 27 metabolites were identified by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry and with further structural identification by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Hydroxylation and oxidative dechlorination were the major phase I pathways, while glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine conjugations were two major phase II pathways, indicating the formation of a reactive intermediate. In vitro microsomal and cytosolic studies revealed that a GSH conjugate (M13) was the predominant metabolite of FLC formed through a nucleophilic SN2 substitution of 3-Cl by GSH; this pathway is NADPH indep...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80051994,"asset_id":70213511,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":182176527,"first_name":"Zhijun","last_name":"Zhou","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZhijunZhou6","display_name":"Zhijun Zhou","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZhijunZhou6?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=34633"},{"id":118450,"name":"Glutathione","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione?f_ri=34633"},{"id":223073,"name":"Herbicides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbicides?f_ri=34633"},{"id":326380,"name":"Liquid Chromatography / Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Chromatography_Electrospray_Ionization_Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=34633"},{"id":700335,"name":"Glutathione Transferase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione_Transferase?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53699757" data-work_id="53699757" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53699757/Estimation_of_Permanent_Noise_Induced_Hearing_Loss_in_an_Urban_Setting">Estimation of Permanent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in an Urban Setting</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53699757" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="321510ff906e163cc480dd33634d9239" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70421014,"asset_id":53699757,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70421014/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32260347" href="https://sph-umich.academia.edu/RichardNeitzel">Richard Neitzel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32260347" type="text/json">{"id":32260347,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Neitzel","domain_name":"sph-umich","page_name":"RichardNeitzel","display_name":"Richard Neitzel","profile_url":"https://sph-umich.academia.edu/RichardNeitzel?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53699757 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53699757"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53699757, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53699757", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53699757 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53699757; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53699757"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53699757 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53699757"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53699757; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53699757]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53699757").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53699757").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53699757"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Noise_Induced_Hearing_Loss">Noise Induced Hearing Loss</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16506" type="text/json">{"id":16506,"name":"Noise Induced Hearing Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Noise_Induced_Hearing_Loss?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87786" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_York_City">New York City</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="87786" type="text/json">{"id":87786,"name":"New York City","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_York_City?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53699757]'), work: {"id":53699757,"title":"Estimation of Permanent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in an Urban Setting","created_at":"2021-09-28T05:57:54.014-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53699757/Estimation_of_Permanent_Noise_Induced_Hearing_Loss_in_an_Urban_Setting?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_53699757","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70421014,"asset_id":53699757,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32260347,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Neitzel","domain_name":"sph-umich","page_name":"RichardNeitzel","display_name":"Richard Neitzel","profile_url":"https://sph-umich.academia.edu/RichardNeitzel?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16506,"name":"Noise Induced Hearing Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Noise_Induced_Hearing_Loss?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":87786,"name":"New York City","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_York_City?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":1294607,"name":"Logistic Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Models?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50991172" data-work_id="50991172" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50991172/Urban_Stormwater_An_Overlooked_Pathway_of_Extensive_Mixed_Contaminants_to_Surface_and_Groundwaters_in_the_United_States">Urban Stormwater: An Overlooked Pathway of Extensive Mixed Contaminants to Surface and Groundwaters in the United States</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50991172" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="84fb968f2d973867eff105476906be78" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68862767,"asset_id":50991172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68862767/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42459634" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatthewHopton">Matthew E Hopton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42459634" type="text/json">{"id":42459634,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Hopton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatthewHopton","display_name":"Matthew E Hopton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatthewHopton?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50991172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50991172"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50991172, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50991172", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50991172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50991172; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50991172"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50991172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50991172"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50991172; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50991172]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50991172").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50991172").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50991172"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50991172]'), work: {"id":50991172,"title":"Urban Stormwater: An Overlooked Pathway of Extensive Mixed Contaminants to Surface and Groundwaters in the United States","created_at":"2021-08-24T04:29:49.259-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50991172/Urban_Stormwater_An_Overlooked_Pathway_of_Extensive_Mixed_Contaminants_to_Surface_and_Groundwaters_in_the_United_States?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_50991172","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68862767,"asset_id":50991172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42459634,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Hopton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatthewHopton","display_name":"Matthew E Hopton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatthewHopton?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33817308 coauthored" data-work_id="33817308" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33817308/Cost_structure_of_a_postcombustion_CO2_capture_system_using_CaO">Cost structure of a postcombustion CO2 capture system using CaO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33817308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32924f378aa0914bf8fe01edee517eec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53802068,"asset_id":33817308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53802068/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46714879" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardAnthony4">Edward Anthony</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46714879" type="text/json">{"id":46714879,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Anthony","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EdwardAnthony4","display_name":"Edward Anthony","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardAnthony4?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46714879/15252554/15921706/s65_edward.anthony.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33817308">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33817308"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unizar.academia.edu/LuisRomeo">Luis M Romeo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33817308'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33817308').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33817308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33817308"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33817308, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33817308", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33817308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33817308; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33817308"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33817308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33817308"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33817308; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33817308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33817308").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33817308").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33817308"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide">Carbon Dioxide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4594" type="text/json">{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="199195" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Plants">Power Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="199195" type="text/json">{"id":199195,"name":"Power Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Plants?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33817308]'), work: {"id":33817308,"title":"Cost structure of a postcombustion CO2 capture system using CaO","created_at":"2017-07-08T19:08:48.364-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33817308/Cost_structure_of_a_postcombustion_CO2_capture_system_using_CaO?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_33817308","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53802068,"asset_id":33817308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46714879,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Anthony","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EdwardAnthony4","display_name":"Edward Anthony","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardAnthony4?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46714879/15252554/15921706/s65_edward.anthony.jpg"},{"id":41259164,"first_name":"Luis","last_name":"Romeo","domain_name":"unizar","page_name":"LuisRomeo","display_name":"Luis M Romeo","profile_url":"https://unizar.academia.edu/LuisRomeo?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":199195,"name":"Power Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Plants?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":802500,"name":"Oxides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxides?f_ri=34633"},{"id":925602,"name":"Calcium Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium_Compounds?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"},{"id":2474611,"name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costs_and_Cost_Analysis?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30452017" data-work_id="30452017" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30452017/Tracing_Trends_in_the_Sequences_of_Dry_and_Wet_Days_over_Peninsular_Malaysia">Tracing Trends in the Sequences of Dry and Wet Days over Peninsular Malaysia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30452017" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02351b847ac309b45da8b73629e2797e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50893246,"asset_id":30452017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50893246/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52301686" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SHARIFFAHSUHAILABINTISYEDJAMALUDINFS">SHARIFFAH SUHAILA BINTI SYED JAMALUDIN FS</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52301686" type="text/json">{"id":52301686,"first_name":"SHARIFFAH SUHAILA BINTI SYED JAMALUDIN","last_name":"FS","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SHARIFFAHSUHAILABINTISYEDJAMALUDINFS","display_name":"SHARIFFAH SUHAILA BINTI SYED JAMALUDIN FS","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SHARIFFAHSUHAILABINTISYEDJAMALUDINFS?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52301686/22462152/21663813/s65_shariffah_suhaila_binti_syed_jamaludin.fs.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30452017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30452017"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30452017, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30452017", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30452017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30452017; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30452017"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30452017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30452017"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30452017; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30452017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30452017").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30452017").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30452017"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30452017]'), work: {"id":30452017,"title":"Tracing Trends in the Sequences of Dry and Wet Days over Peninsular Malaysia","created_at":"2016-12-14T19:57:47.602-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30452017/Tracing_Trends_in_the_Sequences_of_Dry_and_Wet_Days_over_Peninsular_Malaysia?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_30452017","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50893246,"asset_id":30452017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52301686,"first_name":"SHARIFFAH SUHAILA BINTI SYED JAMALUDIN","last_name":"FS","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SHARIFFAHSUHAILABINTISYEDJAMALUDINFS","display_name":"SHARIFFAH SUHAILA BINTI SYED JAMALUDIN FS","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SHARIFFAHSUHAILABINTISYEDJAMALUDINFS?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52301686/22462152/21663813/s65_shariffah_suhaila_binti_syed_jamaludin.fs.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28906686" data-work_id="28906686" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28906686/Ammonia_Exchange_between_the_Atmosphere_and_the_Surface_Waters_at_Two_Locations_in_the_Chesapeake_Bay">Ammonia Exchange between the Atmosphere and the Surface Waters at Two Locations in the Chesapeake Bay</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Excess phytoplankton production, which contributes to hypoxic conditions, is nitrogen limited in the Chesapeake Bay during the summer months. Therefore, understanding the flux of ammonia by direct deposition to the biologically active... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28906686" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Excess phytoplankton production, which contributes to hypoxic conditions, is nitrogen limited in the Chesapeake Bay during the summer months. Therefore, understanding the flux of ammonia by direct deposition to the biologically active surface layer is critical to understanding the nutrient dynamics of the bay. This paper presents the results of a 2-yr study measuring gaseous ammonia (NH 3 ) and aerosol ammonium (NH 4 + ) in Baltimore and Solomons, MD, from which direct atmospheric loading of total ammonia (N t ) NH 3 + NH 4 + ) to the Chesapeake Bay is estimated. Mean atmospheric concentrations of total ammonia for Baltimore and Solomons were 2.7 ( 1.7 and 1.0 ( 0.8 µg of N m -3 , respectively. Monte Carlo estimates of gross dry deposition ranged from <100 to 4900 µg of N m -2 d -1 . However, based upon water quality parameters, Monte Carlo estimates of gross volatilization of NH 3 were calculated to range from <100 to 7700 µg of N m -2 d -1 . The resulting net air-sea exchange flux varied seasonally from a net deposition into the water during the winter to a net volatilizing into the atmosphere during the summer. A total of 60% of the paired air-water samples had flux estimates that were not significantly different than equilibrium at the 90% confidence interval. The gross deposition, gross volatilization, and net air-sea fluxes were greater and more variable in Baltimore relative to the rural site. Atmospheric ammonia concentrations decrease during the winter at the rural site. However, the net exchange is still into the water due to an exponential decrease in [NH 3 ] eq with temperature. These results indicate that the nitrogen-limited Chesapeake Bay can act as a source of ammonia to the local atmosphere.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28906686" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b3bf5a5a8617fd7abe65e45d90c2364" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49340884,"asset_id":28906686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49340884/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36346" href="https://smcm.academia.edu/RandolphLarsen">Randolph Larsen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36346" type="text/json">{"id":36346,"first_name":"Randolph","last_name":"Larsen","domain_name":"smcm","page_name":"RandolphLarsen","display_name":"Randolph Larsen","profile_url":"https://smcm.academia.edu/RandolphLarsen?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28906686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28906686"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28906686, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28906686", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28906686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28906686; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28906686"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28906686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28906686"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28906686; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28906686]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28906686").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28906686").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28906686"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24811" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytoplankton">Phytoplankton</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24811" type="text/json">{"id":24811,"name":"Phytoplankton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytoplankton?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28906686]'), work: {"id":28906686,"title":"Ammonia Exchange between the Atmosphere and the Surface Waters at Two Locations in the Chesapeake Bay","created_at":"2016-10-04T04:00:58.712-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28906686/Ammonia_Exchange_between_the_Atmosphere_and_the_Surface_Waters_at_Two_Locations_in_the_Chesapeake_Bay?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_28906686","summary":"Excess phytoplankton production, which contributes to hypoxic conditions, is nitrogen limited in the Chesapeake Bay during the summer months. Therefore, understanding the flux of ammonia by direct deposition to the biologically active surface layer is critical to understanding the nutrient dynamics of the bay. This paper presents the results of a 2-yr study measuring gaseous ammonia (NH 3 ) and aerosol ammonium (NH 4 + ) in Baltimore and Solomons, MD, from which direct atmospheric loading of total ammonia (N t ) NH 3 + NH 4 + ) to the Chesapeake Bay is estimated. Mean atmospheric concentrations of total ammonia for Baltimore and Solomons were 2.7 ( 1.7 and 1.0 ( 0.8 µg of N m -3 , respectively. Monte Carlo estimates of gross dry deposition ranged from \u003c100 to 4900 µg of N m -2 d -1 . However, based upon water quality parameters, Monte Carlo estimates of gross volatilization of NH 3 were calculated to range from \u003c100 to 7700 µg of N m -2 d -1 . The resulting net air-sea exchange flux varied seasonally from a net deposition into the water during the winter to a net volatilizing into the atmosphere during the summer. A total of 60% of the paired air-water samples had flux estimates that were not significantly different than equilibrium at the 90% confidence interval. The gross deposition, gross volatilization, and net air-sea fluxes were greater and more variable in Baltimore relative to the rural site. Atmospheric ammonia concentrations decrease during the winter at the rural site. However, the net exchange is still into the water due to an exponential decrease in [NH 3 ] eq with temperature. These results indicate that the nitrogen-limited Chesapeake Bay can act as a source of ammonia to the local atmosphere.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49340884,"asset_id":28906686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36346,"first_name":"Randolph","last_name":"Larsen","domain_name":"smcm","page_name":"RandolphLarsen","display_name":"Randolph Larsen","profile_url":"https://smcm.academia.edu/RandolphLarsen?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":24811,"name":"Phytoplankton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytoplankton?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=34633"},{"id":142810,"name":"Surface Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Water?f_ri=34633"},{"id":219724,"name":"Ammonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ammonia?f_ri=34633"},{"id":276812,"name":"Chesapeake Bay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chesapeake_Bay?f_ri=34633"},{"id":439435,"name":"Fresh water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_water?f_ri=34633"},{"id":644345,"name":"Gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gases?f_ri=34633"},{"id":649451,"name":"Seasons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasons?f_ri=34633"},{"id":911041,"name":"Water Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Movements?f_ri=34633"},{"id":936875,"name":"Review Literature As Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Review_Literature_As_Topic?f_ri=34633"},{"id":955937,"name":"Quaternary Ammonium Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary_Ammonium_Compounds?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1656539,"name":"Air Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Pollutants?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1854642,"name":"Volatilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volatilization?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8689444" data-work_id="8689444" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8689444/The_Relative_Effectiveness_of_pH_Control_and_Heat_Treatment_for_Enhancing_Biohydrogen_Gas_Production">The Relative Effectiveness of pH Control and Heat Treatment for Enhancing Biohydrogen Gas Production</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hydrogen gas can be recovered from the microbial fermentation of organic substrates at high concentrations when interspecies hydrogen transfer to methanogens is prevented. Two techniques that have been used to limit methanogenesis in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8689444" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hydrogen gas can be recovered from the microbial fermentation of organic substrates at high concentrations when interspecies hydrogen transfer to methanogens is prevented. Two techniques that have been used to limit methanogenesis in mixed cultures are heat treatment, to remove nonsporeforming methanogens from an inoculum, and low pH during culture growth. We found that high hydrogen gas concentrations (57-72%) were produced in all tests and that heat treatment (HT) of the inoculum (pH 6.2 or 7.5) produced greater hydrogen yields than low pH (6.2) conditions with a nonheat-treated inoculum (NHT). Conversion efficiencies of glucose to hydrogen (based on a theoretical yield of 4 mol-H 2 /mol-glucose) were as follows: 24.2% (HT, pH ) 6.2), 18.5% (HT, pH ) 7.5), 14.9% (NHT, pH ) 6.2), and 12.1% (NHT, pH ) 7.5). The main products of glucose (3 g-COD/L) utilization (g99%) in batch tests were acetate (3.4-24.1%), butyrate (6.4-29.4%), propionate (0.3-12.8%), ethanol (15.4-28.8%), and hydrogen (4.0-8.1%), with lesser amounts of acetone, propanol, and butanol (COD basis). Hydrogen gas phase concentrations in all batch cultures reached a maximum of 57-72% after 30 h but thereafter rapidly declined to nondetectable levels within 80 h. Separate experiments showed substantial hydrogen losses could occur via acetogenesis and that heat treatment did not prevent acetogenesis. Heat treatment consistently eliminated the production of measurable concentrations of methane. The disappearance of ethanol produced during hydrogen production was likely due to acetic acid production as thermodynamic calculations show that this reaction is spontaneous once hydrogen is depleted. Overall, these results show that low pH was, without heat treatment, sufficient to control hydrogen losses to methanogens in mixed batch cultures and suggest that methods will need to be found to limit acetogenesis in order to increase hydrogen gas yields by batch cultures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8689444" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="25a22751655e6406395d884b305e4e8f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48019503,"asset_id":8689444,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48019503/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18195823" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StevenVanGinkel">Steven Van Ginkel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18195823" type="text/json">{"id":18195823,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Van Ginkel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StevenVanGinkel","display_name":"Steven Van Ginkel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StevenVanGinkel?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18195823/5086393/5832037/s65_steven.van_ginkel.jpg_oh_a29b2162da2dca328f69b47dd69dc66e_oe_54ab32ce___gda___1420796581_0cec412ee08d77c203db870a14c3ee31"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8689444 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8689444"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8689444, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8689444", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8689444 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8689444; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8689444"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8689444 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8689444"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8689444; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8689444]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8689444").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8689444").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8689444"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="522" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="522" type="text/json">{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3771" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3771" type="text/json">{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14925" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Treatment">Heat Treatment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14925" type="text/json">{"id":14925,"name":"Heat Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Treatment?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8689444]'), work: {"id":8689444,"title":"The Relative Effectiveness of pH Control and Heat Treatment for Enhancing Biohydrogen Gas Production","created_at":"2014-10-08T01:14:43.241-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8689444/The_Relative_Effectiveness_of_pH_Control_and_Heat_Treatment_for_Enhancing_Biohydrogen_Gas_Production?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_8689444","summary":"Hydrogen gas can be recovered from the microbial fermentation of organic substrates at high concentrations when interspecies hydrogen transfer to methanogens is prevented. Two techniques that have been used to limit methanogenesis in mixed cultures are heat treatment, to remove nonsporeforming methanogens from an inoculum, and low pH during culture growth. We found that high hydrogen gas concentrations (57-72%) were produced in all tests and that heat treatment (HT) of the inoculum (pH 6.2 or 7.5) produced greater hydrogen yields than low pH (6.2) conditions with a nonheat-treated inoculum (NHT). Conversion efficiencies of glucose to hydrogen (based on a theoretical yield of 4 mol-H 2 /mol-glucose) were as follows: 24.2% (HT, pH ) 6.2), 18.5% (HT, pH ) 7.5), 14.9% (NHT, pH ) 6.2), and 12.1% (NHT, pH ) 7.5). The main products of glucose (3 g-COD/L) utilization (g99%) in batch tests were acetate (3.4-24.1%), butyrate (6.4-29.4%), propionate (0.3-12.8%), ethanol (15.4-28.8%), and hydrogen (4.0-8.1%), with lesser amounts of acetone, propanol, and butanol (COD basis). Hydrogen gas phase concentrations in all batch cultures reached a maximum of 57-72% after 30 h but thereafter rapidly declined to nondetectable levels within 80 h. Separate experiments showed substantial hydrogen losses could occur via acetogenesis and that heat treatment did not prevent acetogenesis. Heat treatment consistently eliminated the production of measurable concentrations of methane. The disappearance of ethanol produced during hydrogen production was likely due to acetic acid production as thermodynamic calculations show that this reaction is spontaneous once hydrogen is depleted. Overall, these results show that low pH was, without heat treatment, sufficient to control hydrogen losses to methanogens in mixed batch cultures and suggest that methods will need to be found to limit acetogenesis in order to increase hydrogen gas yields by batch cultures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48019503,"asset_id":8689444,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18195823,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Van Ginkel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StevenVanGinkel","display_name":"Steven Van Ginkel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StevenVanGinkel?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18195823/5086393/5832037/s65_steven.van_ginkel.jpg_oh_a29b2162da2dca328f69b47dd69dc66e_oe_54ab32ce___gda___1420796581_0cec412ee08d77c203db870a14c3ee31"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":14925,"name":"Heat Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Treatment?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":146245,"name":"Hydrogen Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Production?f_ri=34633"},{"id":156347,"name":"Methane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methane?f_ri=34633"},{"id":269129,"name":"Fermentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fermentation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":501201,"name":"Bioreactors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioreactors?f_ri=34633"},{"id":723149,"name":"Acetic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acetic_Acid?f_ri=34633"},{"id":970682,"name":"Oil and Gas Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_and_Gas_Production?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1400376,"name":"Conversion Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conversion_Efficiency?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1491514,"name":"*Hot Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Hot_Temperature?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1574247,"name":"Mixed Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mixed_Culture?f_ri=34633"},{"id":2251042,"name":"pH control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/pH_control?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25768009" data-work_id="25768009" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25768009/Seabird_Guano_Is_an_Efficient_Conveyer_of_Persistent_Organic_Pollutants_POPs_to_Arctic_Lake_Ecosystems">Seabird Guano Is an Efficient Conveyer of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) to Arctic Lake Ecosystems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Migratory seabirds have been linked to localized "hotspots" of contamination in remote Arctic lakes. One of these lakes is Lake Ellasjøen on Bjørnøya in the Barents Sea.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25768009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1c7a3e014259d1ae9bdebe612417fe25" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46124770,"asset_id":25768009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46124770/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31216512" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeirGabrielsen">Geir Gabrielsen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31216512" type="text/json">{"id":31216512,"first_name":"Geir","last_name":"Gabrielsen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeirGabrielsen","display_name":"Geir Gabrielsen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeirGabrielsen?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25768009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25768009"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25768009, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25768009", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25768009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25768009; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25768009"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25768009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25768009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25768009; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25768009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25768009").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25768009").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25768009"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3342" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persistent_Organic_Pollutants">Persistent Organic Pollutants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3342" type="text/json">{"id":3342,"name":"Persistent Organic Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persistent_Organic_Pollutants?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution">Water Pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21724" type="text/json">{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25768009]'), work: {"id":25768009,"title":"Seabird Guano Is an Efficient Conveyer of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) to Arctic Lake Ecosystems","created_at":"2016-06-01T01:58:13.519-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25768009/Seabird_Guano_Is_an_Efficient_Conveyer_of_Persistent_Organic_Pollutants_POPs_to_Arctic_Lake_Ecosystems?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_25768009","summary":"Migratory seabirds have been linked to localized \"hotspots\" of contamination in remote Arctic lakes. One of these lakes is Lake Ellasjøen on Bjørnøya in the Barents Sea.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46124770,"asset_id":25768009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31216512,"first_name":"Geir","last_name":"Gabrielsen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeirGabrielsen","display_name":"Geir Gabrielsen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeirGabrielsen?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3342,"name":"Persistent Organic Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persistent_Organic_Pollutants?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=34633"},{"id":149539,"name":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polychlorinated_Biphenyls?f_ri=34633"},{"id":184470,"name":"Rain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rain?f_ri=34633"},{"id":197149,"name":"SNOW","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SNOW?f_ri=34633"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=34633"},{"id":439435,"name":"Fresh water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_water?f_ri=34633"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=34633"},{"id":735666,"name":"Lac","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lac?f_ri=34633"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70073065" data-work_id="70073065" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70073065/Application_of_struvite_alters_the_antibiotic_resistome_in_soil_rhizosphere_and_phyllosphere">Application of struvite alters the antibiotic resistome in soil, rhizosphere, and phyllosphere</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Struvite recovered from wastewater is a renewable source of phosphorus and nitrogen and can be used as fertilizer for plant growth. However, antibiotics and resistome can be enriched in the struvite derived from wastewater. Robust... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70073065" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Struvite recovered from wastewater is a renewable source of phosphorus and nitrogen and can be used as fertilizer for plant growth. However, antibiotics and resistome can be enriched in the struvite derived from wastewater. Robust understanding of the potential risks after struvite application to soils has remained elusive. Here, we profiled antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in struvite, soil, rhizosphere and phyllosphere of Brassica using high-throughput quantitative PCR. A total of 165 ARGs and 10 MGEs were detected. Application of struvite was found to increase both the abundance and diversity of ARGs in soil, rhizosphere and phyllosphere. In addition, ARGs shared exclusively between Brassica phyllosphere and struvite were identified, indicating that struvite was an important source of ARGs found in phyllosphere. Furthermore, OTUs shared between rhizosphere and phyllosphere were found to significantly correlate with ARGs, suggesting that microb...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70073065" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1537a01d05973f75c4fd42595cd4560" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79945606,"asset_id":70073065,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79945606/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="114402" href="https://mq.academia.edu/MichaelGillings">Michael Gillings</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="114402" type="text/json">{"id":114402,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Gillings","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"MichaelGillings","display_name":"Michael Gillings","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/MichaelGillings?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114402/160958730/150671876/s65_michael.gillings.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70073065 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70073065"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70073065, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70073065", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70073065 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70073065; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70073065"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70073065 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70073065"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70073065; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70073065]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70073065").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70073065").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70073065"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1605" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil">Soil</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1605" type="text/json">{"id":1605,"name":"Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109387" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Struvite">Struvite</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="109387" type="text/json">{"id":109387,"name":"Struvite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Struvite?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70073065]'), work: {"id":70073065,"title":"Application of struvite alters the antibiotic resistome in soil, rhizosphere, and phyllosphere","created_at":"2022-01-30T13:42:04.916-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70073065/Application_of_struvite_alters_the_antibiotic_resistome_in_soil_rhizosphere_and_phyllosphere?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_70073065","summary":"Struvite recovered from wastewater is a renewable source of phosphorus and nitrogen and can be used as fertilizer for plant growth. However, antibiotics and resistome can be enriched in the struvite derived from wastewater. Robust understanding of the potential risks after struvite application to soils has remained elusive. Here, we profiled antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in struvite, soil, rhizosphere and phyllosphere of Brassica using high-throughput quantitative PCR. A total of 165 ARGs and 10 MGEs were detected. Application of struvite was found to increase both the abundance and diversity of ARGs in soil, rhizosphere and phyllosphere. In addition, ARGs shared exclusively between Brassica phyllosphere and struvite were identified, indicating that struvite was an important source of ARGs found in phyllosphere. Furthermore, OTUs shared between rhizosphere and phyllosphere were found to significantly correlate with ARGs, suggesting that microb...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79945606,"asset_id":70073065,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":114402,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Gillings","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"MichaelGillings","display_name":"Michael Gillings","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/MichaelGillings?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114402/160958730/150671876/s65_michael.gillings.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1605,"name":"Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":109387,"name":"Struvite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Struvite?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":231549,"name":"Rhizosphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizosphere?f_ri=34633"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4521986" data-work_id="4521986" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4521986/Development_and_Validation_of_a_Canister_Method_for_Measuring_Ethylene_Oxide_in_Ambient_Air">Development and Validation of a Canister Method for Measuring Ethylene Oxide in Ambient Air</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A sampling and analytical method for measuring ethylene oxide (EO) in ambient air was developed and evaluated. The method is based on the use of evacuated canisters and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The objectives of this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4521986" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A sampling and analytical method for measuring ethylene oxide (EO) in ambient air was developed and evaluated. The method is based on the use of evacuated canisters and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The objectives of this work were to characterize the performance of the method with respect to the following: (1) stability/ recovery of ethylene oxide in a canister over a 15-day holding time;</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4521986" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="12f0f116d5a60cc7cae52a9d04381130" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49806927,"asset_id":4521986,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49806927/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5623392" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WadeBontempo">Wade Bontempo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5623392" type="text/json">{"id":5623392,"first_name":"Wade","last_name":"Bontempo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WadeBontempo","display_name":"Wade Bontempo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WadeBontempo?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5623392/2450996/2849304/s65_wade.bontempo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4521986 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4521986"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4521986, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4521986", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4521986 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4521986; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4521986"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4521986 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4521986"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4521986; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4521986]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4521986").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4521986").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4521986"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="529560" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry">Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="529560" type="text/json">{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4521986]'), work: {"id":4521986,"title":"Development and Validation of a Canister Method for Measuring Ethylene Oxide in Ambient Air","created_at":"2013-09-18T09:54:10.417-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4521986/Development_and_Validation_of_a_Canister_Method_for_Measuring_Ethylene_Oxide_in_Ambient_Air?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_4521986","summary":"A sampling and analytical method for measuring ethylene oxide (EO) in ambient air was developed and evaluated. The method is based on the use of evacuated canisters and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The objectives of this work were to characterize the performance of the method with respect to the following: (1) stability/ recovery of ethylene oxide in a canister over a 15-day holding time;","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49806927,"asset_id":4521986,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5623392,"first_name":"Wade","last_name":"Bontempo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WadeBontempo","display_name":"Wade Bontempo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WadeBontempo?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5623392/2450996/2849304/s65_wade.bontempo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1656539,"name":"Air Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Pollutants?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75329661" data-work_id="75329661" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/75329661/Determination_of_the_radiation_dose_due_to_radon_ingestion_and_inhalation">Determination of the radiation dose due to radon ingestion and inhalation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75329661" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f3d2c145703ba36e3181e60f5d189100" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83141245,"asset_id":75329661,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83141245/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="392872" rel="nofollow" href="https://bub.academia.edu/RaviKumar">P Ravikumar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="392872" type="text/json">{"id":392872,"first_name":"P","last_name":"Ravikumar","domain_name":"bub","page_name":"RaviKumar","display_name":"P Ravikumar","profile_url":"https://bub.academia.edu/RaviKumar?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/392872/123001/10495185/s65_p.ravikumar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75329661 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75329661"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75329661, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75329661", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75329661 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75329661; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75329661"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75329661 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75329661"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75329661; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75329661]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75329661").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75329661").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75329661"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75329661]'), work: {"id":75329661,"title":"Determination of the radiation dose due to radon ingestion and inhalation","created_at":"2022-04-03T09:47:47.471-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75329661/Determination_of_the_radiation_dose_due_to_radon_ingestion_and_inhalation?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_75329661","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83141245,"asset_id":75329661,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":392872,"first_name":"P","last_name":"Ravikumar","domain_name":"bub","page_name":"RaviKumar","display_name":"P Ravikumar","profile_url":"https://bub.academia.edu/RaviKumar?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/392872/123001/10495185/s65_p.ravikumar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63223348" data-work_id="63223348" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63223348/Embodied_environmental_emissions_in_US_international_trade_1997_2004">Embodied environmental emissions in US international trade, 1997-2004</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Significant recent attention has been given to quantifying the environmental impacts of international trade. However, the United States, despite being the world&#x27;s largest emitter of greenhouse gases and having large recent growth in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63223348" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Significant recent attention has been given to quantifying the environmental impacts of international trade. However, the United States, despite being the world&#x27;s largest emitter of greenhouse gases and having large recent growth in international trade, has seen little analysis. This work uses a multi-country input-output model of the US and its seven largest trading partners (Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, Germany, the UK, and Korea) to analyze the environmental effects of changes to US trade structure and volume from 1997 to 2004. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63223348" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc840a1ae053e6b6f6ee55028d286c84" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75720518,"asset_id":63223348,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75720518/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42598377" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HScottMatthews">H. Scott Matthews</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42598377" type="text/json">{"id":42598377,"first_name":"H. Scott","last_name":"Matthews","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HScottMatthews","display_name":"H. Scott Matthews","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HScottMatthews?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42598377/15637098/16207336/s65_h._scott.matthews.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63223348 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63223348"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63223348, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63223348", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63223348 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63223348; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63223348"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63223348 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63223348"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63223348; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63223348]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63223348").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63223348").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63223348"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation">International Cooperation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12054" type="text/json">{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63223348]'), work: {"id":63223348,"title":"Embodied environmental emissions in US international trade, 1997-2004","created_at":"2021-12-04T18:25:42.920-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63223348/Embodied_environmental_emissions_in_US_international_trade_1997_2004?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_63223348","summary":"Significant recent attention has been given to quantifying the environmental impacts of international trade. However, the United States, despite being the world\u0026#x27;s largest emitter of greenhouse gases and having large recent growth in international trade, has seen little analysis. This work uses a multi-country input-output model of the US and its seven largest trading partners (Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, Germany, the UK, and Korea) to analyze the environmental effects of changes to US trade structure and volume from 1997 to 2004. ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75720518,"asset_id":63223348,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42598377,"first_name":"H. Scott","last_name":"Matthews","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HScottMatthews","display_name":"H. Scott Matthews","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HScottMatthews?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42598377/15637098/16207336/s65_h._scott.matthews.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=34633"},{"id":148227,"name":"Environmental Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Effect?f_ri=34633"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=34633"},{"id":354794,"name":"Greenhouse gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gases?f_ri=34633"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=34633"},{"id":780669,"name":"Input Output","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input_Output?f_ri=34633"},{"id":3101694,"name":"CO Emission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CO_Emission?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62205122" data-work_id="62205122" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62205122/Liquid_and_solution_treatment_by_thermal_plasma_a_review">Liquid and solution treatment by thermal plasma: a review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During two last decades, numerous technologies and approaches are presented for treating contaminants in liquids and solutions. Among them, thermal plasma has shown rapid kinetic and high destruction efficiencies due to very high... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62205122" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During two last decades, numerous technologies and approaches are presented for treating contaminants in liquids and solutions. Among them, thermal plasma has shown rapid kinetic and high destruction efficiencies due to very high temperature and highly active radicals. Hence, the use of thermal plasma for treatment of the contaminants in liquids and solutions has received a lot of attention in view of its low environmental impacts. This review focuses on thermal plasma, and it describes the current status of liquid and solution treatment using this technology. A comprehensive analysis of the available scientific and technical literature on liquid and solution plasma treatment is presented, including the treatment of a variety of contaminants in liquids and solutions via different kinds of thermal plasma. The principles of thermal plasma generation and the available plasma technologies with potential applications to generate valuable products from liquid waste are presented. In addition, the results of the thermal plasma processes for the treatment of specific contaminants are investigated. In light of the investigated literature, thermal plasma is found to have a significant potential to treat the liquid wastes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62205122" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="25b5523df9c4c923ad9de440ce13e6ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75038674,"asset_id":62205122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75038674/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="104112072" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SafaSafa52">Safa Safa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="104112072" type="text/json">{"id":104112072,"first_name":"Safa","last_name":"Safa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SafaSafa52","display_name":"Safa Safa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SafaSafa52?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104112072/35863798/30938199/s65_safa.safa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62205122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62205122"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62205122, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62205122", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_62205122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62205122; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_62205122"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_62205122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62205122"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62205122; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62205122]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62205122").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62205122").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62205122"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62205122]'), work: {"id":62205122,"title":"Liquid and solution treatment by thermal plasma: a review","created_at":"2021-11-23T01:40:39.817-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62205122/Liquid_and_solution_treatment_by_thermal_plasma_a_review?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_62205122","summary":"During two last decades, numerous technologies and approaches are presented for treating contaminants in liquids and solutions. Among them, thermal plasma has shown rapid kinetic and high destruction efficiencies due to very high temperature and highly active radicals. Hence, the use of thermal plasma for treatment of the contaminants in liquids and solutions has received a lot of attention in view of its low environmental impacts. This review focuses on thermal plasma, and it describes the current status of liquid and solution treatment using this technology. A comprehensive analysis of the available scientific and technical literature on liquid and solution plasma treatment is presented, including the treatment of a variety of contaminants in liquids and solutions via different kinds of thermal plasma. The principles of thermal plasma generation and the available plasma technologies with potential applications to generate valuable products from liquid waste are presented. In addition, the results of the thermal plasma processes for the treatment of specific contaminants are investigated. In light of the investigated literature, thermal plasma is found to have a significant potential to treat the liquid wastes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75038674,"asset_id":62205122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":104112072,"first_name":"Safa","last_name":"Safa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SafaSafa52","display_name":"Safa Safa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SafaSafa52?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104112072/35863798/30938199/s65_safa.safa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59997695" data-work_id="59997695" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59997695/A_New_Method_to_Determine_the_Ratio_of_Electricity_Production_from_Fossil_and_Biogenic_Sources_in_Waste_to_Energy_Plants">A New Method to Determine the Ratio of Electricity Production from Fossil and Biogenic Sources in Waste-to-Energy Plants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59997695" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff7042eeca7dad197a5c36b99cc48af8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73638331,"asset_id":59997695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73638331/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="118937" href="https://tuwien.academia.edu/HelmutRechberger">Helmut Rechberger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="118937" type="text/json">{"id":118937,"first_name":"Helmut","last_name":"Rechberger","domain_name":"tuwien","page_name":"HelmutRechberger","display_name":"Helmut Rechberger","profile_url":"https://tuwien.academia.edu/HelmutRechberger?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59997695 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59997695"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59997695, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59997695", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59997695 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59997695; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_59997695"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59997695 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59997695"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59997695; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59997695]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59997695").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59997695").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59997695"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5303" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon">Carbon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5303" type="text/json">{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5411" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass">Biomass</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5411" type="text/json">{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59997695]'), work: {"id":59997695,"title":"A New Method to Determine the Ratio of Electricity Production from Fossil and Biogenic Sources in Waste-to-Energy Plants","created_at":"2021-10-26T00:49:22.033-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59997695/A_New_Method_to_Determine_the_Ratio_of_Electricity_Production_from_Fossil_and_Biogenic_Sources_in_Waste_to_Energy_Plants?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_59997695","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73638331,"asset_id":59997695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":118937,"first_name":"Helmut","last_name":"Rechberger","domain_name":"tuwien","page_name":"HelmutRechberger","display_name":"Helmut Rechberger","profile_url":"https://tuwien.academia.edu/HelmutRechberger?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=34633"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=34633"},{"id":96629,"name":"Waste to Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_to_Energy?f_ri=34633"},{"id":133295,"name":"Energy Balance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Balance?f_ri=34633"},{"id":218256,"name":"Thermal Power Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Power_Plant?f_ri=34633"},{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=34633"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=34633"},{"id":605600,"name":"Refuse disposal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refuse_disposal?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1332524,"name":"Fossil Fuel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuel?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56355153" data-work_id="56355153" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56355153/Indigenous_knowledge_of_field_insect_pests_and_their_management_around_lake_Victoria_basin_in_Uganda">Indigenous knowledge of field insect pests and their management around lake Victoria basin in Uganda</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 2 (8). pp. 342-348, October, 2008 Available online at <a href="http://www.academicjournals.org/AJest" rel="nofollow">http://www.academicjournals.org/AJest</a> ISSN 1996-0786 © 2008 Academic Journals ... Indigenous knowledge of field insect... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56355153" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 2 (8). pp. 342-348, October, 2008 Available online at <a href="http://www.academicjournals.org/AJest" rel="nofollow">http://www.academicjournals.org/AJest</a> ISSN 1996-0786 © 2008 Academic Journals ... Indigenous knowledge of field insect pests and their</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56355153" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df3853241e81c9f3a770b2b7fc854f34" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71781386,"asset_id":56355153,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71781386/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11097875" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelOtim">Michael Otim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11097875" type="text/json">{"id":11097875,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Otim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelOtim","display_name":"Michael Otim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelOtim?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11097875/130450374/119859142/s65_michael.otim.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56355153 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56355153"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56355153, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56355153", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_56355153 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56355153; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_56355153"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_56355153 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56355153"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56355153; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56355153]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56355153").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56355153").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56355153"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="90451" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African">African</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="90451" type="text/json">{"id":90451,"name":"African","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="228537" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowldge_in_Pest_Management">Indigenous Knowldge in Pest Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="228537" type="text/json">{"id":228537,"name":"Indigenous Knowldge in Pest Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowldge_in_Pest_Management?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56355153]'), work: {"id":56355153,"title":"Indigenous knowledge of field insect pests and their management around lake Victoria basin in Uganda","created_at":"2021-10-07T09:30:03.384-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56355153/Indigenous_knowledge_of_field_insect_pests_and_their_management_around_lake_Victoria_basin_in_Uganda?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_56355153","summary":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 2 (8). pp. 342-348, October, 2008 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJest ISSN 1996-0786 © 2008 Academic Journals ... Indigenous knowledge of field insect pests and their","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71781386,"asset_id":56355153,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11097875,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Otim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelOtim","display_name":"Michael Otim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelOtim?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11097875/130450374/119859142/s65_michael.otim.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":90451,"name":"African","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":228537,"name":"Indigenous Knowldge in Pest Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowldge_in_Pest_Management?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50152217" data-work_id="50152217" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50152217/Chromium_speciation_in_coal_and_biomass_co_combustion_products">Chromium speciation in coal and biomass co-combustion products</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50152217" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="09136a8009a1f8cba4ed66c0edf98c2c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68246311,"asset_id":50152217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68246311/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="140046748" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArthurStam">Arthur Stam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="140046748" type="text/json">{"id":140046748,"first_name":"Arthur","last_name":"Stam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArthurStam","display_name":"Arthur Stam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArthurStam?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/140046748/39299043/32571427/s65_arthur.stam.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50152217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50152217"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50152217, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50152217", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50152217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50152217; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50152217"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50152217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50152217"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50152217; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50152217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50152217").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50152217").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50152217"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4310" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speciation">Speciation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4310" type="text/json">{"id":4310,"name":"Speciation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speciation?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5303" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon">Carbon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5303" type="text/json">{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5411" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass">Biomass</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5411" type="text/json">{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10743" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coal">Coal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10743" type="text/json">{"id":10743,"name":"Coal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coal?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50152217]'), work: {"id":50152217,"title":"Chromium speciation in coal and biomass co-combustion products","created_at":"2021-07-22T05:27:30.469-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50152217/Chromium_speciation_in_coal_and_biomass_co_combustion_products?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_50152217","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68246311,"asset_id":50152217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":140046748,"first_name":"Arthur","last_name":"Stam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArthurStam","display_name":"Arthur Stam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArthurStam?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/140046748/39299043/32571427/s65_arthur.stam.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4310,"name":"Speciation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speciation?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":10743,"name":"Coal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coal?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":12843,"name":"X ray absorption spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_absorption_spectroscopy?f_ri=34633"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":151778,"name":"Chromium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromium?f_ri=34633"},{"id":199195,"name":"Power Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Plants?f_ri=34633"},{"id":224577,"name":"Trace Elements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trace_Elements?f_ri=34633"},{"id":518609,"name":"Particulate Matter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particulate_Matter?f_ri=34633"},{"id":621993,"name":"Chrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chrome?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1206371,"name":"Hazardous Substances","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous_Substances?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1498849,"name":"Coal ash","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coal_ash?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48725550" data-work_id="48725550" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48725550/Letter_International_Field_Experiment_on_Ocean_Carbon_Sequestration">Letter: International Field Experiment on Ocean Carbon Sequestration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48725550" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a5c9add009ab32c6a9727bfdd0beba3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67190616,"asset_id":48725550,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67190616/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35030954" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EricAdams9">Eric Adams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35030954" type="text/json">{"id":35030954,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Adams","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EricAdams9","display_name":"Eric Adams","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EricAdams9?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48725550 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48725550"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48725550, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48725550", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48725550 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48725550; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48725550"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48725550 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48725550"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48725550; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48725550]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48725550").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48725550").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48725550"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5303" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon">Carbon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5303" type="text/json">{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11643" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Sequestration">Carbon Sequestration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11643" type="text/json">{"id":11643,"name":"Carbon Sequestration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Sequestration?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48725550]'), work: {"id":48725550,"title":"Letter: International Field Experiment on Ocean Carbon Sequestration","created_at":"2021-05-05T07:35:56.115-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48725550/Letter_International_Field_Experiment_on_Ocean_Carbon_Sequestration?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_48725550","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67190616,"asset_id":48725550,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35030954,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Adams","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EricAdams9","display_name":"Eric Adams","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EricAdams9?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":11643,"name":"Carbon Sequestration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Sequestration?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=34633"},{"id":148391,"name":"Field Experiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Experiment?f_ri=34633"},{"id":369458,"name":"Greenhouse Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Effect?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1656539,"name":"Air Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Pollutants?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1795281,"name":"Oceans and Seas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oceans_and_Seas?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1344182" data-work_id="1344182" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1344182/Hydrogen_production_in_a_single_chamber_microbial_electrolysis_cell_lacking_a_membrane">Hydrogen production in a single chamber microbial electrolysis cell lacking a membrane</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hydrogen gas can be produced by electrohydrogenesis in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) at greater yields than fermentation and at greater energy efficiencies than water electrolysis. It has been assumed that a membrane is needed in an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1344182" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hydrogen gas can be produced by electrohydrogenesis in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) at greater yields than fermentation and at greater energy efficiencies than water electrolysis. It has been assumed that a membrane is needed in an MEC to avoid hydrogen losses due to bacterial consumption of the product gas. However, high cathodic hydrogen recoveries (78 ( 1% to 96 ( 1%) were achieved in an MEC despite the absence of a membrane between the electrodes (applied voltages of 0.3 < E ap < 0.8 V; 7.5 mS/cm solution conductivity). Through the use of a membrane-less system, a graphite fiber brush anode, and close electrode spacing, hydrogen production rates reached a maximum of 3.12 ( 0.02 m 3 H 2 /m 3 reactor per day (292 ( 1 A/m 3 ) at an applied voltage of E ap ) 0.8 V. This production rate is more than double that obtained in previous MEC studies. The energy efficiency relative to the electrical input decreased with applied voltage from 406 ( 6% (E ap ) 0.3 V) to 194 ( 2% (E ap ) 0.8 V). Overall energy efficiency relative to both E ap and energy of the substrate averaged 78 ( 4%, with a maximum of 86 ( 2% (1.02 ( 0.05 m 3 H 2 /m 3 day, E ap ) 0.4 V). At E ap ) 0.2 V, the hydrogen recovery substantially decreased, and methane concentrations increased from an average of 1.9 ( 1.3% (E ap ) 0.3-0.8 V) to 28 ( 0% of the gas, due to the long cycle time of the reactor. Increasing the solution conductivity to 20 mS/ cm increased hydrogen production rates for E ap ) 0.3-0.6 V, but consistent reactor performance could not be obtained in the high conductivity solution at E ap > 0.6 V. These results demonstrate that high hydrogen recovery and production rates are possible in a single chamber MEC without a membrane, potentially reducing the costs of these systems and allowing for new and simpler designs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1344182" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c10fafabb25fb255ed081e1ec6dba437" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51020658,"asset_id":1344182,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51020658/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1182062" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SouravSarkar">Sourav Sarkar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1182062" type="text/json">{"id":1182062,"first_name":"Sourav","last_name":"Sarkar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SouravSarkar","display_name":"Sourav Sarkar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SouravSarkar?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1182062/98357887/87472653/s65_sourav.sarkar.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1344182 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1344182"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1344182, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1344182", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1344182 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1344182; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1344182"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1344182 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1344182"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1344182; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1344182]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1344182").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1344182").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1344182"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3771" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3771" type="text/json">{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry">Electrochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4748" type="text/json">{"id":4748,"name":"Electrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5413" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioenergy">Bioenergy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5413" type="text/json">{"id":5413,"name":"Bioenergy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioenergy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1344182]'), work: {"id":1344182,"title":"Hydrogen production in a single chamber microbial electrolysis cell lacking a membrane","created_at":"2012-02-05T14:04:26.284-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1344182/Hydrogen_production_in_a_single_chamber_microbial_electrolysis_cell_lacking_a_membrane?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_1344182","summary":"Hydrogen gas can be produced by electrohydrogenesis in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) at greater yields than fermentation and at greater energy efficiencies than water electrolysis. It has been assumed that a membrane is needed in an MEC to avoid hydrogen losses due to bacterial consumption of the product gas. However, high cathodic hydrogen recoveries (78 ( 1% to 96 ( 1%) were achieved in an MEC despite the absence of a membrane between the electrodes (applied voltages of 0.3 \u003c E ap \u003c 0.8 V; 7.5 mS/cm solution conductivity). Through the use of a membrane-less system, a graphite fiber brush anode, and close electrode spacing, hydrogen production rates reached a maximum of 3.12 ( 0.02 m 3 H 2 /m 3 reactor per day (292 ( 1 A/m 3 ) at an applied voltage of E ap ) 0.8 V. This production rate is more than double that obtained in previous MEC studies. The energy efficiency relative to the electrical input decreased with applied voltage from 406 ( 6% (E ap ) 0.3 V) to 194 ( 2% (E ap ) 0.8 V). Overall energy efficiency relative to both E ap and energy of the substrate averaged 78 ( 4%, with a maximum of 86 ( 2% (1.02 ( 0.05 m 3 H 2 /m 3 day, E ap ) 0.4 V). At E ap ) 0.2 V, the hydrogen recovery substantially decreased, and methane concentrations increased from an average of 1.9 ( 1.3% (E ap ) 0.3-0.8 V) to 28 ( 0% of the gas, due to the long cycle time of the reactor. Increasing the solution conductivity to 20 mS/ cm increased hydrogen production rates for E ap ) 0.3-0.6 V, but consistent reactor performance could not be obtained in the high conductivity solution at E ap \u003e 0.6 V. These results demonstrate that high hydrogen recovery and production rates are possible in a single chamber MEC without a membrane, potentially reducing the costs of these systems and allowing for new and simpler designs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51020658,"asset_id":1344182,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1182062,"first_name":"Sourav","last_name":"Sarkar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SouravSarkar","display_name":"Sourav Sarkar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SouravSarkar?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1182062/98357887/87472653/s65_sourav.sarkar.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":4748,"name":"Electrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":5413,"name":"Bioenergy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioenergy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":16062,"name":"Starch","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Starch?f_ri=34633"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=34633"},{"id":80694,"name":"Silver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver?f_ri=34633"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=34633"},{"id":146245,"name":"Hydrogen Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Production?f_ri=34633"},{"id":223513,"name":"Conductivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conductivity?f_ri=34633"},{"id":238368,"name":"Milk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Milk?f_ri=34633"},{"id":269129,"name":"Fermentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fermentation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":283379,"name":"Glycerol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycerol?f_ri=34633"},{"id":296091,"name":"Electrolysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrolysis?f_ri=34633"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=34633"},{"id":414914,"name":"Waste Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Water?f_ri=34633"},{"id":501201,"name":"Bioreactors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioreactors?f_ri=34633"},{"id":552191,"name":"Reactor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactor?f_ri=34633"},{"id":644345,"name":"Gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gases?f_ri=34633"},{"id":846015,"name":"Electrodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrodes?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1202042,"name":"Electric Conductivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electric_Conductivity?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1613311,"name":"Electrolisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrolisis?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26758125 coauthored" data-work_id="26758125" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26758125/Ambient_Particulate_Matter_Exhibits_Direct_Inhibitory_Effects_on_Oxidative_Stress_Enzymes">Ambient Particulate Matter Exhibits Direct Inhibitory Effects on Oxidative Stress Enzymes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A primary mechanistic hypothesis by which ambient air particles have a significant negative impact on human health is via the induction of pulmonary inflammatory responses mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26758125" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A primary mechanistic hypothesis by which ambient air particles have a significant negative impact on human health is via the induction of pulmonary inflammatory responses mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Development of a biosensor for the assessment of particulate ROS activity would be a significant advance in air pollution monitoring. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether air particulates interact directly with protective enzymes involved in oxidative stress responses. We performed enzyme activity assays on four enzymes involved in oxidative stress responses (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, Mn superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) in the presence of particles of varying toxicities and found distinctive inhibition patterns. On the basis of these findings, we suggest a strategy for an enzyme bioassay that could be used to assess the potential of particles to generate ROS-induced responses.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26758125" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50d146f0d71e5715ecf4502ef2d5a806" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47035861,"asset_id":26758125,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47035861/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50755990" href="https://hsph-harvard.academia.edu/JackWolfson">Jack M Wolfson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50755990" type="text/json">{"id":50755990,"first_name":"Jack","last_name":"Wolfson","domain_name":"hsph-harvard","page_name":"JackWolfson","display_name":"Jack M Wolfson","profile_url":"https://hsph-harvard.academia.edu/JackWolfson?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26758125">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26758125"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnGodleski">John Godleski</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26758125'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26758125').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26758125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26758125"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26758125, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26758125", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26758125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26758125; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26758125"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26758125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26758125"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26758125; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26758125]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26758125").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26758125").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26758125"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5303" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon">Carbon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5303" type="text/json">{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14292" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress">Oxidative Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14292" type="text/json">{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26758125]'), work: {"id":26758125,"title":"Ambient Particulate Matter Exhibits Direct Inhibitory Effects on Oxidative Stress Enzymes","created_at":"2016-07-05T13:38:55.114-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26758125/Ambient_Particulate_Matter_Exhibits_Direct_Inhibitory_Effects_on_Oxidative_Stress_Enzymes?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_26758125","summary":"A primary mechanistic hypothesis by which ambient air particles have a significant negative impact on human health is via the induction of pulmonary inflammatory responses mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Development of a biosensor for the assessment of particulate ROS activity would be a significant advance in air pollution monitoring. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether air particulates interact directly with protective enzymes involved in oxidative stress responses. We performed enzyme activity assays on four enzymes involved in oxidative stress responses (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, Mn superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) in the presence of particles of varying toxicities and found distinctive inhibition patterns. On the basis of these findings, we suggest a strategy for an enzyme bioassay that could be used to assess the potential of particles to generate ROS-induced responses.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47035861,"asset_id":26758125,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50755990,"first_name":"Jack","last_name":"Wolfson","domain_name":"hsph-harvard","page_name":"JackWolfson","display_name":"Jack M Wolfson","profile_url":"https://hsph-harvard.academia.edu/JackWolfson?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":50356060,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Godleski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnGodleski","display_name":"John Godleski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnGodleski?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50356060/52914695/41033240/s65_john.godleski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":141395,"name":"Glutathione Peroxidase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione_Peroxidase?f_ri=34633"},{"id":161609,"name":"Volcanic eruptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanic_eruptions?f_ri=34633"},{"id":213343,"name":"Superoxide Dismutase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxide_Dismutase?f_ri=34633"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=34633"},{"id":518609,"name":"Particulate Matter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particulate_Matter?f_ri=34633"},{"id":735883,"name":"Dust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dust?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1011463,"name":"Glutathione Reductase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione_Reductase?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1498849,"name":"Coal ash","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coal_ash?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1656539,"name":"Air Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Pollutants?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25757789" data-work_id="25757789" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25757789/Direct_Comparison_between_Visible_Near_and_Mid_Infrared_Spectroscopy_for_Describing_Diuron_Sorption_in_Soils">Direct Comparison between Visible Near- and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy for Describing Diuron Sorption in Soils</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Both visible near-infrared (VNIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy have been claimed to better predict pesticide sorption in soils than other methods. We compared the performances of VNIR and MIR spectroscopy for predicting both... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25757789" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Both visible near-infrared (VNIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy have been claimed to better predict pesticide sorption in soils than other methods. We compared the performances of VNIR and MIR spectroscopy for predicting both organic carbon content (f OC ) and the sorption affinity (K d ) of diuron in 112 surface soils from South Australia. Separate calibration models were developed between VNIR and MIR spectra, and f OC and K d using partial least-squares (PLS) regression. MIR clearly outperformed VNIR for predictions of both f OC and K d in soils. Correlation (R 2 ) and accuracy (RPD) indices were 0.4 and 1.3 for the VNIR-PLS model versus 0.8 and 2.3 for the MIR-PLS model, respectively, for K d prediction. PLS loadings for sorption prediction were compared in terms of the soil information they contained. While VNIR loading did not include any direct spectral information regarding soil minerals, MIR loading included peaks associated with sand, clays, and carbonates. Perhaps by better predicting f OC and integrating the effects of OC as well as minerals, the MIR-PLS model provided a better prediction for diuron K d values in our calibration set.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25757789" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="078fc9026bd819c7c280201a3ecbbe06" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46114028,"asset_id":25757789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46114028/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49495825" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RonaldSmernik">Ronald Smernik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49495825" type="text/json">{"id":49495825,"first_name":"Ronald","last_name":"Smernik","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RonaldSmernik","display_name":"Ronald Smernik","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RonaldSmernik?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25757789 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25757789"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25757789, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25757789", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25757789 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25757789; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25757789"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25757789 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25757789"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25757789; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25757789]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25757789").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25757789").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25757789"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1605" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil">Soil</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1605" type="text/json">{"id":1605,"name":"Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5427" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectroscopy">Spectroscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5427" type="text/json">{"id":5427,"name":"Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectroscopy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6177" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling">Modeling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6177" type="text/json">{"id":6177,"name":"Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7968" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction">Prediction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7968" type="text/json">{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25757789]'), work: {"id":25757789,"title":"Direct Comparison between Visible Near- and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy for Describing Diuron Sorption in Soils","created_at":"2016-05-31T17:47:37.928-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25757789/Direct_Comparison_between_Visible_Near_and_Mid_Infrared_Spectroscopy_for_Describing_Diuron_Sorption_in_Soils?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_25757789","summary":"Both visible near-infrared (VNIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy have been claimed to better predict pesticide sorption in soils than other methods. We compared the performances of VNIR and MIR spectroscopy for predicting both organic carbon content (f OC ) and the sorption affinity (K d ) of diuron in 112 surface soils from South Australia. Separate calibration models were developed between VNIR and MIR spectra, and f OC and K d using partial least-squares (PLS) regression. MIR clearly outperformed VNIR for predictions of both f OC and K d in soils. Correlation (R 2 ) and accuracy (RPD) indices were 0.4 and 1.3 for the VNIR-PLS model versus 0.8 and 2.3 for the MIR-PLS model, respectively, for K d prediction. PLS loadings for sorption prediction were compared in terms of the soil information they contained. While VNIR loading did not include any direct spectral information regarding soil minerals, MIR loading included peaks associated with sand, clays, and carbonates. Perhaps by better predicting f OC and integrating the effects of OC as well as minerals, the MIR-PLS model provided a better prediction for diuron K d values in our calibration set.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46114028,"asset_id":25757789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49495825,"first_name":"Ronald","last_name":"Smernik","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RonaldSmernik","display_name":"Ronald Smernik","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RonaldSmernik?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1605,"name":"Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":5427,"name":"Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectroscopy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":6177,"name":"Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":39752,"name":"Adsorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption?f_ri=34633"},{"id":47477,"name":"Soil Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollution?f_ri=34633"},{"id":65590,"name":"Pesticide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticide?f_ri=34633"},{"id":85437,"name":"Pesticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticides?f_ri=34633"},{"id":96893,"name":"Calibration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calibration?f_ri=34633"},{"id":168701,"name":"Sorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sorption?f_ri=34633"},{"id":249893,"name":"Mid-Infrared","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mid-Infrared?f_ri=34633"},{"id":350162,"name":"SAND","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SAND?f_ri=34633"},{"id":392309,"name":"Diuron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diuron?f_ri=34633"},{"id":585192,"name":"Organic carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_carbon?f_ri=34633"},{"id":615457,"name":"Analytical Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Methods?f_ri=34633"},{"id":727816,"name":"Soil Types","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Types?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1365470,"name":"Soil Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollutants?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14597341" data-work_id="14597341" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14597341/Experimental_measurements_of_fluence_distribution_in_a_UV_reactor_using_fluorescent_microspheres">Experimental measurements of fluence distribution in a UV reactor using fluorescent microspheres</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One concern with current techniques of UV reactor validation is that they provide only a measure of the mean UV fluence. In this research, the actual fluence distribution of a UV reactor is measured through the use of photochemically... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14597341" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One concern with current techniques of UV reactor validation is that they provide only a measure of the mean UV fluence. In this research, the actual fluence distribution of a UV reactor is measured through the use of photochemically active fluorescent microspheres. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14597341" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4870876d88919673a4271ee77325c3ce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44046895,"asset_id":14597341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44046895/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33551871" href="https://osu.academia.edu/GilBohrer">Gil Bohrer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33551871" type="text/json">{"id":33551871,"first_name":"Gil","last_name":"Bohrer","domain_name":"osu","page_name":"GilBohrer","display_name":"Gil Bohrer","profile_url":"https://osu.academia.edu/GilBohrer?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14597341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14597341"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14597341, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14597341", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14597341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14597341; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14597341"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14597341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14597341"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14597341; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14597341]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14597341").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14597341").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14597341"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18529" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Dyes_and_Reagents">Fluorescent Dyes and Reagents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18529" type="text/json">{"id":18529,"name":"Fluorescent Dyes and Reagents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Dyes_and_Reagents?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stochastic_processes">Stochastic processes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43131" type="text/json">{"id":43131,"name":"Stochastic processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stochastic_processes?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14597341]'), work: {"id":14597341,"title":"Experimental measurements of fluence distribution in a UV reactor using fluorescent microspheres","created_at":"2015-08-02T22:05:21.969-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14597341/Experimental_measurements_of_fluence_distribution_in_a_UV_reactor_using_fluorescent_microspheres?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_14597341","summary":"One concern with current techniques of UV reactor validation is that they provide only a measure of the mean UV fluence. In this research, the actual fluence distribution of a UV reactor is measured through the use of photochemically active fluorescent microspheres. ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44046895,"asset_id":14597341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33551871,"first_name":"Gil","last_name":"Bohrer","domain_name":"osu","page_name":"GilBohrer","display_name":"Gil Bohrer","profile_url":"https://osu.academia.edu/GilBohrer?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18529,"name":"Fluorescent Dyes and Reagents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Dyes_and_Reagents?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":43131,"name":"Stochastic processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stochastic_processes?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":67962,"name":"Markov chains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markov_chains?f_ri=34633"},{"id":69788,"name":"Drinking Water Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water_Treatment?f_ri=34633"},{"id":221185,"name":"Disinfection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disinfection?f_ri=34633"},{"id":335365,"name":"Radiometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiometry?f_ri=34633"},{"id":386872,"name":"Bacillus subtilis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus_subtilis?f_ri=34633"},{"id":556132,"name":"Microsphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microsphere?f_ri=34633"},{"id":794074,"name":"Microspheres","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microspheres?f_ri=34633"},{"id":898070,"name":"Experimental Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Measurement?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20887640" data-work_id="20887640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20887640/Investigation_of_the_electrostatic_properties_of_humic_substances_by_fluorescence_quenching">Investigation of the electrostatic properties of humic substances by fluorescence quenching</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A fluorescence quenching technique was employed to explore the electrostatic properties of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA). Cationic nitroxides were found to be up to 16 times more effective than neutral analogues in quenching the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20887640" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A fluorescence quenching technique was employed to explore the electrostatic properties of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA). Cationic nitroxides were found to be up to 16 times more effective than neutral analogues in quenching the fluorescence of humic materials. This result is attributed to the enhanced Coulombic attraction of cations to the anionic FA or HA surface and is interpreted as an estimate of surface potential. Reduction of molecular charge at low pH and shielding of charge at high ionic strength produced diminished enhancements, consistent with this interpretation. High molecular weight fractions of HA have a higher apparent surface potential than lower molecular weight fractions, indicating that larger humic molecules may have an enhanced ability to bind metal ions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20887640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7faceff04f4ce54c066d5428c5c02e66" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41614526,"asset_id":20887640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41614526/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5288488" href="https://brunel.academia.edu/MaysamAbbod">Maysam Abbod</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5288488" type="text/json">{"id":5288488,"first_name":"Maysam","last_name":"Abbod","domain_name":"brunel","page_name":"MaysamAbbod","display_name":"Maysam Abbod","profile_url":"https://brunel.academia.edu/MaysamAbbod?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5288488/2325502/27037073/s65_maysam.abbod.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20887640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20887640"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20887640, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20887640", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20887640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20887640; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20887640"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20887640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20887640"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20887640; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20887640]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20887640").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20887640").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20887640"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20887640]'), work: {"id":20887640,"title":"Investigation of the electrostatic properties of humic substances by fluorescence quenching","created_at":"2016-01-27T00:42:59.864-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20887640/Investigation_of_the_electrostatic_properties_of_humic_substances_by_fluorescence_quenching?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_20887640","summary":"A fluorescence quenching technique was employed to explore the electrostatic properties of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA). Cationic nitroxides were found to be up to 16 times more effective than neutral analogues in quenching the fluorescence of humic materials. This result is attributed to the enhanced Coulombic attraction of cations to the anionic FA or HA surface and is interpreted as an estimate of surface potential. Reduction of molecular charge at low pH and shielding of charge at high ionic strength produced diminished enhancements, consistent with this interpretation. High molecular weight fractions of HA have a higher apparent surface potential than lower molecular weight fractions, indicating that larger humic molecules may have an enhanced ability to bind metal ions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41614526,"asset_id":20887640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5288488,"first_name":"Maysam","last_name":"Abbod","domain_name":"brunel","page_name":"MaysamAbbod","display_name":"Maysam Abbod","profile_url":"https://brunel.academia.edu/MaysamAbbod?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5288488/2325502/27037073/s65_maysam.abbod.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20152474" data-work_id="20152474" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20152474/Cost_structure_of_a_postcombustion_CO2_capture_system_using_CaO">Cost structure of a postcombustion CO2 capture system using CaO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20152474" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f2c367fffe99097d6fb28d04878ff9dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41985561,"asset_id":20152474,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41985561/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41259164" href="https://unizar.academia.edu/LuisRomeo">Luis M Romeo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41259164" type="text/json">{"id":41259164,"first_name":"Luis","last_name":"Romeo","domain_name":"unizar","page_name":"LuisRomeo","display_name":"Luis M Romeo","profile_url":"https://unizar.academia.edu/LuisRomeo?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20152474 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20152474"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20152474, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20152474", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20152474 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20152474; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20152474"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20152474 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20152474"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20152474; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20152474]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20152474").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20152474").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20152474"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide">Carbon Dioxide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4594" type="text/json">{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="199195" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Plants">Power Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="199195" type="text/json">{"id":199195,"name":"Power Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Plants?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20152474]'), work: {"id":20152474,"title":"Cost structure of a postcombustion CO2 capture system using CaO","created_at":"2016-01-10T23:55:42.434-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20152474/Cost_structure_of_a_postcombustion_CO2_capture_system_using_CaO?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_20152474","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41985561,"asset_id":20152474,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41259164,"first_name":"Luis","last_name":"Romeo","domain_name":"unizar","page_name":"LuisRomeo","display_name":"Luis M Romeo","profile_url":"https://unizar.academia.edu/LuisRomeo?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":199195,"name":"Power Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Plants?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":802500,"name":"Oxides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxides?f_ri=34633"},{"id":925602,"name":"Calcium Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium_Compounds?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19805356" data-work_id="19805356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19805356/Hypoxia_in_the_Baltic_Sea_and_Basin_Scale_Changes_in_Phosphorus_Biogeochemistry">Hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and Basin-Scale Changes in Phosphorus Biogeochemistry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Deep-water oxygen concentrations in the Baltic Sea are influenced by eutrophication, but also by saltwater inflows from the North Sea. In the last two decades, only two major inflows have been recorded and the lack of major inflows is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19805356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Deep-water oxygen concentrations in the Baltic Sea are influenced by eutrophication, but also by saltwater inflows from the North Sea. In the last two decades, only two major inflows have been recorded and the lack of major inflows is believed to have resulted in a long-term stagnation of the deepest bottom water. Analyzing data from 1970 to 2000 at the basin scale, we show that the estimated volume of water with oxygen, <2 mL L -1 , was actually at a minimum at the end of the longest so-called stagnation period on record. We also show that annual changes in dissolved inorganic phosphate water pools were positively correlated to the area of bottom covered by hypoxic water, but not to changes in total phosphorus load, thus addressing the legacy of eutrophication on a basinwide scale. The variations in phosphorus pools that have occurred during the past decades do not reflect any human action to reduce inputs. The long residence time and internally controlled variation of the large P pool in the Baltic Sea has important implications for management of both N and P inputs into this eutrophicated enclosed basin.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19805356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f5336120c26f57312731243dca92933" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42012949,"asset_id":19805356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42012949/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40549271" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FredrikWulff">Fredrik Wulff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40549271" type="text/json">{"id":40549271,"first_name":"Fredrik","last_name":"Wulff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FredrikWulff","display_name":"Fredrik Wulff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FredrikWulff?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19805356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19805356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19805356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19805356", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19805356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19805356; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19805356"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19805356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19805356"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19805356; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19805356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19805356").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19805356").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19805356"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eutrophication">Eutrophication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26181" type="text/json">{"id":26181,"name":"Eutrophication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eutrophication?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sweden">Sweden</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44814" type="text/json">{"id":44814,"name":"Sweden","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sweden?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19805356]'), work: {"id":19805356,"title":"Hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and Basin-Scale Changes in Phosphorus Biogeochemistry","created_at":"2015-12-23T09:49:19.249-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19805356/Hypoxia_in_the_Baltic_Sea_and_Basin_Scale_Changes_in_Phosphorus_Biogeochemistry?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_19805356","summary":"Deep-water oxygen concentrations in the Baltic Sea are influenced by eutrophication, but also by saltwater inflows from the North Sea. In the last two decades, only two major inflows have been recorded and the lack of major inflows is believed to have resulted in a long-term stagnation of the deepest bottom water. Analyzing data from 1970 to 2000 at the basin scale, we show that the estimated volume of water with oxygen, \u003c2 mL L -1 , was actually at a minimum at the end of the longest so-called stagnation period on record. We also show that annual changes in dissolved inorganic phosphate water pools were positively correlated to the area of bottom covered by hypoxic water, but not to changes in total phosphorus load, thus addressing the legacy of eutrophication on a basinwide scale. The variations in phosphorus pools that have occurred during the past decades do not reflect any human action to reduce inputs. The long residence time and internally controlled variation of the large P pool in the Baltic Sea has important implications for management of both N and P inputs into this eutrophicated enclosed basin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42012949,"asset_id":19805356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40549271,"first_name":"Fredrik","last_name":"Wulff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FredrikWulff","display_name":"Fredrik Wulff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FredrikWulff?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26181,"name":"Eutrophication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eutrophication?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":44814,"name":"Sweden","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sweden?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=34633"},{"id":54085,"name":"Denmark","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Denmark?f_ri=34633"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=34633"},{"id":416536,"name":"Science Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":646441,"name":"Water Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Microbiology?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16648593" data-work_id="16648593" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16648593/Submersible_Optical_Sensors_Exposed_to_Chemically_Dispersed_Crude_Oil_Wave_Tank_Simulations_for_Improved_Oil_Spill_Monitoring">Submersible Optical Sensors Exposed to Chemically Dispersed Crude Oil: Wave Tank Simulations for Improved Oil Spill Monitoring</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In situ fluorometers were deployed during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Gulf of Mexico oil spill to track the subsea oil plume. Uncertainties regarding instrument specifications and capabilities necessitated performance testing of sensors... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16648593" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In situ fluorometers were deployed during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Gulf of Mexico oil spill to track the subsea oil plume. Uncertainties regarding instrument specifications and capabilities necessitated performance testing of sensors exposed to simulated, dispersed oil plumes. Dynamic ranges of the Chelsea Technologies Group AQUAtracka, Turner Designs Cyclops, Satlantic SUNA and WET Labs, Inc. ECO, exposed to fresh and artificially weathered crude oil, were determined. Sensors were standardized against known oil volumes and total petroleum hydrocarbons and benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene meas-urementsboth collected during spills, providing oil estimates during wave tank dilution experiments. All sensors estimated oil concentrations down to 300 ppb oil, refuting previous reports. Sensor performance results assist interpretation of DWH oil spill data and formulating future protocols.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16648593" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fabfc95ca3482bf9794d6cf809e84bd8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39099444,"asset_id":16648593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39099444/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24494168" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IanWalsh1">Ian Walsh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24494168" type="text/json">{"id":24494168,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Walsh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanWalsh1","display_name":"Ian Walsh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanWalsh1?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16648593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16648593"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16648593, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16648593", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16648593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16648593; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16648593"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16648593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16648593"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16648593; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16648593]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16648593").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16648593").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16648593"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16648593]'), work: {"id":16648593,"title":"Submersible Optical Sensors Exposed to Chemically Dispersed Crude Oil: Wave Tank Simulations for Improved Oil Spill Monitoring","created_at":"2015-10-11T01:37:28.802-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16648593/Submersible_Optical_Sensors_Exposed_to_Chemically_Dispersed_Crude_Oil_Wave_Tank_Simulations_for_Improved_Oil_Spill_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_16648593","summary":"In situ fluorometers were deployed during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Gulf of Mexico oil spill to track the subsea oil plume. Uncertainties regarding instrument specifications and capabilities necessitated performance testing of sensors exposed to simulated, dispersed oil plumes. Dynamic ranges of the Chelsea Technologies Group AQUAtracka, Turner Designs Cyclops, Satlantic SUNA and WET Labs, Inc. ECO, exposed to fresh and artificially weathered crude oil, were determined. Sensors were standardized against known oil volumes and total petroleum hydrocarbons and benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene meas-urementsboth collected during spills, providing oil estimates during wave tank dilution experiments. All sensors estimated oil concentrations down to 300 ppb oil, refuting previous reports. Sensor performance results assist interpretation of DWH oil spill data and formulating future protocols.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39099444,"asset_id":16648593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24494168,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Walsh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanWalsh1","display_name":"Ian Walsh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanWalsh1?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16587914" data-work_id="16587914" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16587914/Estimation_of_In_Situ_Sediment_to_Water_Fluxes_of_Polycyclic_Aromatic_Hydrocarbons_Polychlorobiphenyls_and_Polybrominated_Diphenylethers">Estimation of In Situ Sediment-to-Water Fluxes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polychlorobiphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenylethers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sediment-water fluxes of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOC) may affect the quality of surface waters. Here, we present an approach to derive such fluxes from (a) in situ HOC concentration gradients measured with passive samplers and (b)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16587914" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sediment-water fluxes of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOC) may affect the quality of surface waters. Here, we present an approach to derive such fluxes from (a) in situ HOC concentration gradients measured with passive samplers and (b) mass transfer coefficients measured with a novel flux method using Empore disks. For eight undisturbed sediments, this method identified whether the sediment acted as a source or as a sink for HOCs. The analysis also identified which type of transport resistance governed sediment water exchange. For seven inland locations, exchange was limited by benthic boundary layer transport, showing no dependencies on sediment or chemical properties other than concentration. For one river mouth location, exchange was limited by slow in-bed intraparticle diffusion. A biphasic dual compartment radial diffusion model adequately described the data for this location. Fast desorption was interpreted as molecular diffusion retarded by microscale dual domain sorption to amorphous as well as black carbon (BC). Slow desorption was invariant with LogK(ow) and consistent with intraorganic matter diffusion through BC particles. Finally, it is discussed how these findings can be translated into a general framework for flux based exposure assessment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16587914" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e36da37cb351ed52ac4c3bcb52d36ac2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42430054,"asset_id":16587914,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42430054/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35909048" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoopHarmsen">Joop Harmsen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35909048" type="text/json">{"id":35909048,"first_name":"Joop","last_name":"Harmsen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoopHarmsen","display_name":"Joop Harmsen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoopHarmsen?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16587914 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16587914"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16587914, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16587914", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16587914 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16587914; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16587914"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16587914 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16587914"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16587914; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16587914]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16587914").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16587914").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16587914"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2024" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Transfer">Mass Transfer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2024" type="text/json">{"id":2024,"name":"Mass Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Transfer?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46119" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology">Molecular Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="46119" type="text/json">{"id":46119,"name":"Molecular Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16587914]'), work: {"id":16587914,"title":"Estimation of In Situ Sediment-to-Water Fluxes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polychlorobiphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenylethers","created_at":"2015-10-08T22:36:17.268-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16587914/Estimation_of_In_Situ_Sediment_to_Water_Fluxes_of_Polycyclic_Aromatic_Hydrocarbons_Polychlorobiphenyls_and_Polybrominated_Diphenylethers?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_16587914","summary":"Sediment-water fluxes of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOC) may affect the quality of surface waters. Here, we present an approach to derive such fluxes from (a) in situ HOC concentration gradients measured with passive samplers and (b) mass transfer coefficients measured with a novel flux method using Empore disks. For eight undisturbed sediments, this method identified whether the sediment acted as a source or as a sink for HOCs. The analysis also identified which type of transport resistance governed sediment water exchange. For seven inland locations, exchange was limited by benthic boundary layer transport, showing no dependencies on sediment or chemical properties other than concentration. For one river mouth location, exchange was limited by slow in-bed intraparticle diffusion. A biphasic dual compartment radial diffusion model adequately described the data for this location. Fast desorption was interpreted as molecular diffusion retarded by microscale dual domain sorption to amorphous as well as black carbon (BC). Slow desorption was invariant with LogK(ow) and consistent with intraorganic matter diffusion through BC particles. Finally, it is discussed how these findings can be translated into a general framework for flux based exposure assessment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42430054,"asset_id":16587914,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35909048,"first_name":"Joop","last_name":"Harmsen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoopHarmsen","display_name":"Joop Harmsen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoopHarmsen?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2024,"name":"Mass Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Transfer?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":46119,"name":"Molecular Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":53529,"name":"Exposure Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exposure_Assessment?f_ri=34633"},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=34633"},{"id":142810,"name":"Surface Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Water?f_ri=34633"},{"id":149539,"name":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polychlorinated_Biphenyls?f_ri=34633"},{"id":184001,"name":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polycyclic_Aromatic_Hydrocarbon?f_ri=34633"},{"id":704293,"name":"Chemical Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Properties?f_ri=34633"},{"id":753046,"name":"Passive sampler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Passive_sampler?f_ri=34633"},{"id":788163,"name":"Black Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Carbon?f_ri=34633"},{"id":982614,"name":"Diffusion Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Model?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1256666,"name":"Geologic Sediments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geologic_Sediments?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1264585,"name":"Benthic Boundary Layer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benthic_Boundary_Layer?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1356442,"name":"Mass Transfer Coefficient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Transfer_Coefficient?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1483744,"name":"Integrated Water Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resource_Management?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71331572" data-work_id="71331572" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71331572/Transport_of_Rare_Earth_Element_Tagged_Soil_Particles_in_Response_to_Thunderstorm_Runoff">Transport of Rare Earth Element-Tagged Soil Particles in Response to Thunderstorm Runoff</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The downslope transport of rare earth element-tagged soil particles remobilized during a spring thunderstorm was studied on both a natural prairie and an agricultural field in southwestern Iowa (U.S.A.). A technique was developed for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71331572" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The downslope transport of rare earth element-tagged soil particles remobilized during a spring thunderstorm was studied on both a natural prairie and an agricultural field in southwestern Iowa (U.S.A.). A technique was developed for tagging natural soils with the rare earth elements Eu, Tb, and Ho to ∼1000 ppm via coprecipitation with MnO 2. Tagged material was replaced in target locations; surficial soil samples were collected following precipitation and runoff; and rare earth element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Diffusion and exponential models were applied to the concentrationdistance data to determine particle transport distances. The results indicate that the concentration-distance data are well described by the diffusion model, but the exponential model does not simulate the rapid drop-off in concentrations near the tagged source. Using the diffusion model, calculated particle transport distances at all hillside locations and at both the cultivated and natural prairie sites were short, ranging from 3 to 73 cm during this single runoff event. This study successfully demonstrates a new tool for studying soil erosion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71331572" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="62555defba29f2b30742e14b08c75220" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80720594,"asset_id":71331572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80720594/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40284799" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WhitingPeter">Peter Whiting</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40284799" type="text/json">{"id":40284799,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Whiting","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WhitingPeter","display_name":"Peter Whiting","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WhitingPeter?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71331572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71331572"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71331572, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71331572", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71331572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71331572; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71331572"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71331572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71331572"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71331572; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71331572]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71331572").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71331572").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71331572"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1605" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil">Soil</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1605" type="text/json">{"id":1605,"name":"Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5769" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry">Mass Spectrometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5769" type="text/json">{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture">Agriculture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10225" type="text/json">{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71331572]'), work: {"id":71331572,"title":"Transport of Rare Earth Element-Tagged Soil Particles in Response to Thunderstorm Runoff","created_at":"2022-02-13T04:43:20.591-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71331572/Transport_of_Rare_Earth_Element_Tagged_Soil_Particles_in_Response_to_Thunderstorm_Runoff?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_71331572","summary":"The downslope transport of rare earth element-tagged soil particles remobilized during a spring thunderstorm was studied on both a natural prairie and an agricultural field in southwestern Iowa (U.S.A.). A technique was developed for tagging natural soils with the rare earth elements Eu, Tb, and Ho to ∼1000 ppm via coprecipitation with MnO 2. Tagged material was replaced in target locations; surficial soil samples were collected following precipitation and runoff; and rare earth element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Diffusion and exponential models were applied to the concentrationdistance data to determine particle transport distances. The results indicate that the concentration-distance data are well described by the diffusion model, but the exponential model does not simulate the rapid drop-off in concentrations near the tagged source. Using the diffusion model, calculated particle transport distances at all hillside locations and at both the cultivated and natural prairie sites were short, ranging from 3 to 73 cm during this single runoff event. This study successfully demonstrates a new tool for studying soil erosion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80720594,"asset_id":71331572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40284799,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Whiting","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WhitingPeter","display_name":"Peter Whiting","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WhitingPeter?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":1605,"name":"Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=34633"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":184470,"name":"Rain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rain?f_ri=34633"},{"id":274263,"name":"Rare Earth Element Mineralization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rare_Earth_Element_Mineralization?f_ri=34633"},{"id":911041,"name":"Water Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Movements?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1365470,"name":"Soil Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollutants?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68275837" data-work_id="68275837" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68275837/Household_Preferences_for_Rural_Fecal_Sludge_Management_Services_in_Cambodia_A_Discrete_Choice_Experiment">Household Preferences for Rural Fecal Sludge Management Services in Cambodia: A Discrete Choice Experiment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Continued access to sanitation and the improvements to public health that it provides requires safe fecal sludge management (FSM). Trained service providers offer the best path to achieve safe FSM in rural communities, but this service... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68275837" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Continued access to sanitation and the improvements to public health that it provides requires safe fecal sludge management (FSM). Trained service providers offer the best path to achieve safe FSM in rural communities, but this service industry is hindered by a lack of understanding household valuation of FSM services in rural Cambodia. Using a discrete choice experiment, we characterize rural households&#39; preferences for four different FSM-service attributes across five provinces. We find that rural households prefer preventing contact with fecal sludge (FS) most among the tested FSM-service attributes, followed by reducing foul odor and producing fertilizer from FS. Reducing time to service delivery was also preferred comparably to producing fertilizer from FS when time to service delivery increased to 4 weeks. Preferences were also analyzed by province, poverty, and education, providing regional and demographic-specific results. Based on the study&#39;s results, we recommend t...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68275837" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f991803ce6845028e88bbe06c570f1c4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78809222,"asset_id":68275837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78809222/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38560525" href="https://colorado.academia.edu/AngelaBielefeldt">Angela R Bielefeldt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38560525" type="text/json">{"id":38560525,"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Bielefeldt","domain_name":"colorado","page_name":"AngelaBielefeldt","display_name":"Angela R Bielefeldt","profile_url":"https://colorado.academia.edu/AngelaBielefeldt?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38560525/164422910/154273740/s65_angela.bielefeldt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68275837 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68275837"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68275837, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68275837", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68275837 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68275837; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68275837"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68275837 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68275837"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68275837; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68275837]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68275837").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68275837").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68275837"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68275837]'), work: {"id":68275837,"title":"Household Preferences for Rural Fecal Sludge Management Services in Cambodia: A Discrete Choice Experiment","created_at":"2022-01-15T06:18:31.636-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68275837/Household_Preferences_for_Rural_Fecal_Sludge_Management_Services_in_Cambodia_A_Discrete_Choice_Experiment?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_68275837","summary":"Continued access to sanitation and the improvements to public health that it provides requires safe fecal sludge management (FSM). Trained service providers offer the best path to achieve safe FSM in rural communities, but this service industry is hindered by a lack of understanding household valuation of FSM services in rural Cambodia. Using a discrete choice experiment, we characterize rural households\u0026#39; preferences for four different FSM-service attributes across five provinces. We find that rural households prefer preventing contact with fecal sludge (FS) most among the tested FSM-service attributes, followed by reducing foul odor and producing fertilizer from FS. Reducing time to service delivery was also preferred comparably to producing fertilizer from FS when time to service delivery increased to 4 weeks. Preferences were also analyzed by province, poverty, and education, providing regional and demographic-specific results. Based on the study\u0026#39;s results, we recommend t...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78809222,"asset_id":68275837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38560525,"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Bielefeldt","domain_name":"colorado","page_name":"AngelaBielefeldt","display_name":"Angela R Bielefeldt","profile_url":"https://colorado.academia.edu/AngelaBielefeldt?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38560525/164422910/154273740/s65_angela.bielefeldt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66479207" data-work_id="66479207" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66479207/Steam_Reactivation_of_Spent_CaO_Based_Sorbent_for_Multiple_CO_2_Capture_Cycles">Steam Reactivation of Spent CaO-Based Sorbent for Multiple CO 2 Capture Cycles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">S2 TABLE S1. Results of TGA analyses of sorbent hydrated after CO 2 cycles a CaO carbonated (%) Sample CaO sulphated (%) Before After CaO hydrated (%) CaO unreacted (%) KR37 (75-150 μm) 29.77 4.69 10.44 50.66 9.13 KR38 (300-425 μm) 28.09... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66479207" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">S2 TABLE S1. Results of TGA analyses of sorbent hydrated after CO 2 cycles a CaO carbonated (%) Sample CaO sulphated (%) Before After CaO hydrated (%) CaO unreacted (%) KR37 (75-150 μm) 29.77 4.69 10.44 50.66 9.13 KR38 (300-425 μm) 28.09 4.08 8.72 53.98 9.21 KR39 (600-750 μm) 26.59 4.86 9.60 55.76 8.05 KR40 (75-150 μm) 0.00 19.31 24.80 68.74 6.46 KR41 (300-425 μm) 0.00 14.60 18.98 70.74 10.28 KR42 (600-750 μm) 0.00 16.46 20.76 70.55 8.68 a The values of CaO sulphated were calculated on the basis of mass increment at end of sulphation step and represent the CaSO 4 /totalCaO molar ratio. The values of CaO hydrated and carbonated were calculated on the basis of mass loss in the TGA experiments, which correspond to the Ca(OH) 2 and CaCO 3 decomposition and represent the Ca(OH) 2 /totalCaO and CaCO 3 /totalCaO molar ratio, respectively. The values of CaO unreacted are calculated by difference.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66479207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d35d5735c575dc691376403fedfd7b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77654910,"asset_id":66479207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77654910/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32356960" href="https://cranfield.academia.edu/EdwardAnthony">Edward J Anthony</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32356960" type="text/json">{"id":32356960,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Anthony","domain_name":"cranfield","page_name":"EdwardAnthony","display_name":"Edward J Anthony","profile_url":"https://cranfield.academia.edu/EdwardAnthony?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66479207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66479207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66479207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66479207", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66479207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66479207; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66479207"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66479207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66479207"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66479207; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66479207]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66479207").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66479207").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66479207"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regeneration">Regeneration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3471" type="text/json">{"id":3471,"name":"Regeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regeneration?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide">Carbon Dioxide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4594" type="text/json">{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66479207]'), work: {"id":66479207,"title":"Steam Reactivation of Spent CaO-Based Sorbent for Multiple CO 2 Capture Cycles","created_at":"2021-12-29T21:18:28.915-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66479207/Steam_Reactivation_of_Spent_CaO_Based_Sorbent_for_Multiple_CO_2_Capture_Cycles?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_66479207","summary":"S2 TABLE S1. Results of TGA analyses of sorbent hydrated after CO 2 cycles a CaO carbonated (%) Sample CaO sulphated (%) Before After CaO hydrated (%) CaO unreacted (%) KR37 (75-150 μm) 29.77 4.69 10.44 50.66 9.13 KR38 (300-425 μm) 28.09 4.08 8.72 53.98 9.21 KR39 (600-750 μm) 26.59 4.86 9.60 55.76 8.05 KR40 (75-150 μm) 0.00 19.31 24.80 68.74 6.46 KR41 (300-425 μm) 0.00 14.60 18.98 70.74 10.28 KR42 (600-750 μm) 0.00 16.46 20.76 70.55 8.68 a The values of CaO sulphated were calculated on the basis of mass increment at end of sulphation step and represent the CaSO 4 /totalCaO molar ratio. The values of CaO hydrated and carbonated were calculated on the basis of mass loss in the TGA experiments, which correspond to the Ca(OH) 2 and CaCO 3 decomposition and represent the Ca(OH) 2 /totalCaO and CaCO 3 /totalCaO molar ratio, respectively. The values of CaO unreacted are calculated by difference.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77654910,"asset_id":66479207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32356960,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Anthony","domain_name":"cranfield","page_name":"EdwardAnthony","display_name":"Edward J Anthony","profile_url":"https://cranfield.academia.edu/EdwardAnthony?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3471,"name":"Regeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regeneration?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":39752,"name":"Adsorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption?f_ri=34633"},{"id":246949,"name":"Thermogravimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermogravimetry?f_ri=34633"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=34633"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=34633"},{"id":630941,"name":"Calcium Carbonate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium_Carbonate?f_ri=34633"},{"id":681602,"name":"STEAM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/STEAM?f_ri=34633"},{"id":801613,"name":"Carbonation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbonation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":802500,"name":"Oxides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxides?f_ri=34633"},{"id":925602,"name":"Calcium Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium_Compounds?f_ri=34633"},{"id":972790,"name":"Adsorbent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorbent?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1191377,"name":"Water Vapor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Vapor?f_ri=34633"},{"id":2631981,"name":"Troposphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Troposphere?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59728420" data-work_id="59728420" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59728420/Potential_of_Wastewater_Treating_Anaerobic_Granules_for_Biomethanation_of_Synthesis_Gas">Potential of Wastewater-Treating Anaerobic Granules for Biomethanation of Synthesis Gas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Gasification of biomass produces a mixture of gas (mainly carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2), and hydrogen (H 2)) called synthesis gas, or syngas, by thermal degradation without combustion. Syngas can be used for heat or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59728420" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gasification of biomass produces a mixture of gas (mainly carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2), and hydrogen (H 2)) called synthesis gas, or syngas, by thermal degradation without combustion. Syngas can be used for heat or electricity production by thermochemical processes. This project aims at developing an alternative way to bioupgrade syngas into biogas (mainly methane), via anaerobic fermentation. Nonacclimated industrial granular sludge to be used as reactor inoculum was initially evaluated for mesophilic carboxydotrophic methanogenesis potential in batch tests at 4 and 8 mmol CO/g VSS.d, in the absence and presence of H 2 and CO 2 , respectively. Granular sludge was then introduced into a 30 L gas-lift reactor and supplied with CO, to study the production of methane and other metabolites, at different gas dilutions as well as feeding and recirculation rates. A maximal CO conversion efficiency of 75%, which was gas-liquid mass transfer limited, occurred at a CO partial pressure of 0.6 atm combined with a gas recirculation ratio of 20:1. The anaerobic granule potential for methanogenesis from CO was likely hydrogenotrophic, combined with CO-dependent H 2 formation, either under mesophilic or thermophilic conditions. Thermophilic conditions provide the anaerobic granules with a CO-bioconversion potential significantly larger (5-fold) than under mesophilic conditions, so long as the gas-liquid transfer is alleviated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59728420" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72d31de544c403841f9b07b7c23a4abd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73502163,"asset_id":59728420,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73502163/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125737212" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SGuiot">Serge Guiot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125737212" type="text/json">{"id":125737212,"first_name":"Serge","last_name":"Guiot","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SGuiot","display_name":"Serge Guiot","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SGuiot?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125737212/39503705/32668018/s65_serge.guiot.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59728420 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59728420"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59728420, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59728420", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59728420 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59728420; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_59728420"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59728420 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59728420"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59728420; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59728420]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59728420").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59728420").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59728420"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5411" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass">Biomass</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5411" type="text/json">{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9991" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment">Wastewater Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9991" type="text/json">{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas">Biogas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15784" type="text/json">{"id":15784,"name":"Biogas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59728420]'), work: {"id":59728420,"title":"Potential of Wastewater-Treating Anaerobic Granules for Biomethanation of Synthesis Gas","created_at":"2021-10-23T20:39:52.545-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59728420/Potential_of_Wastewater_Treating_Anaerobic_Granules_for_Biomethanation_of_Synthesis_Gas?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_59728420","summary":"Gasification of biomass produces a mixture of gas (mainly carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2), and hydrogen (H 2)) called synthesis gas, or syngas, by thermal degradation without combustion. Syngas can be used for heat or electricity production by thermochemical processes. This project aims at developing an alternative way to bioupgrade syngas into biogas (mainly methane), via anaerobic fermentation. Nonacclimated industrial granular sludge to be used as reactor inoculum was initially evaluated for mesophilic carboxydotrophic methanogenesis potential in batch tests at 4 and 8 mmol CO/g VSS.d, in the absence and presence of H 2 and CO 2 , respectively. Granular sludge was then introduced into a 30 L gas-lift reactor and supplied with CO, to study the production of methane and other metabolites, at different gas dilutions as well as feeding and recirculation rates. A maximal CO conversion efficiency of 75%, which was gas-liquid mass transfer limited, occurred at a CO partial pressure of 0.6 atm combined with a gas recirculation ratio of 20:1. The anaerobic granule potential for methanogenesis from CO was likely hydrogenotrophic, combined with CO-dependent H 2 formation, either under mesophilic or thermophilic conditions. Thermophilic conditions provide the anaerobic granules with a CO-bioconversion potential significantly larger (5-fold) than under mesophilic conditions, so long as the gas-liquid transfer is alleviated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73502163,"asset_id":59728420,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125737212,"first_name":"Serge","last_name":"Guiot","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SGuiot","display_name":"Serge Guiot","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SGuiot?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125737212/39503705/32668018/s65_serge.guiot.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":15784,"name":"Biogas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=34633"},{"id":54182,"name":"Biofuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofuels?f_ri=34633"},{"id":65757,"name":"Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater?f_ri=34633"},{"id":71905,"name":"Carbon Monoxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Monoxide?f_ri=34633"},{"id":156347,"name":"Methane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methane?f_ri=34633"},{"id":269129,"name":"Fermentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fermentation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":410387,"name":"Sewage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sewage?f_ri=34633"},{"id":501201,"name":"Bioreactors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioreactors?f_ri=34633"},{"id":542983,"name":"Heating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heating?f_ri=34633"},{"id":644345,"name":"Gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gases?f_ri=34633"},{"id":886665,"name":"Suspended Solids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suspended_Solids?f_ri=34633"},{"id":886971,"name":"Electricity Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity_Generation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1854642,"name":"Volatilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volatilization?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58654275" data-work_id="58654275" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58654275/Evaluation_and_Testing_of_Analytical_Methods_for_Cyanide_Species_in_Municipal_and_Industrial_Contaminated_Waters">Evaluation and Testing of Analytical Methods for Cyanide Species in Municipal and Industrial Contaminated Waters</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Total cyanide analysis by distillation is used most commonly to assess cyanide content of water samples. This manual method is robust but slow and provides no information about cyanide speciation, a significant limitation in that cyanide... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58654275" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Total cyanide analysis by distillation is used most commonly to assess cyanide content of water samples. This manual method is robust but slow and provides no information about cyanide speciation, a significant limitation in that cyanide species have substantially different toxicity characteristics. Seven alternative methods for the analysis of cyanide species or groups of species were evaluated in reagent water and five different contaminated water matrices, including five species-specific methodsweak acid dissociable (WAD) cyanide, free cyanide by microdiffusion, available cyanide, automated WAD cyanide by thin film distillation, metal cyanides by ion chromatography and two automated techniques for total cyanidetotal cyanide by thin film distillation and total cyanide by lowpower UV digestion. The species-specific cyanide analytical techniques achieved low, ppb-level detection limits and exhibited satisfactory accuracy and precision for most contaminated waters. Analysis of low concentrations of cyanide species in raw wastewater was problematical for the available cyanide and ion chromatography methods, which experienced significant interference problems and/ or low recoveries. There was recovery of significant diffusible cyanide in microdiffusion tests with nickel-cyanidespiked samples, reflecting dissociation of this weak metalcyanide complex during the test and demonstrating that the test can recover some fraction of WAD cyanide in addition to free cyanide. The automated total cyanide methods, which involve UV digestion, achieved low detection limits for most waters but exhibited low recoveries for some waters.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58654275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e37199a873957b7ad5a4a8d63120e159" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72959700,"asset_id":58654275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72959700/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13381596" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/PrakasamTata">Prakasam Tata</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13381596" type="text/json">{"id":13381596,"first_name":"Prakasam","last_name":"Tata","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"PrakasamTata","display_name":"Prakasam Tata","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/PrakasamTata?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13381596/12848411/14251076/s65_prakasam.tata.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58654275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58654275"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58654275, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58654275", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_58654275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58654275; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_58654275"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_58654275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58654275"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58654275; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58654275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_58654275").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_58654275").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58654275"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4310" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speciation">Speciation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4310" type="text/json">{"id":4310,"name":"Speciation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speciation?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution">Water Pollution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21724" type="text/json">{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=58654275]'), work: {"id":58654275,"title":"Evaluation and Testing of Analytical Methods for Cyanide Species in Municipal and Industrial Contaminated Waters","created_at":"2021-10-17T13:42:26.531-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58654275/Evaluation_and_Testing_of_Analytical_Methods_for_Cyanide_Species_in_Municipal_and_Industrial_Contaminated_Waters?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_58654275","summary":"Total cyanide analysis by distillation is used most commonly to assess cyanide content of water samples. This manual method is robust but slow and provides no information about cyanide speciation, a significant limitation in that cyanide species have substantially different toxicity characteristics. Seven alternative methods for the analysis of cyanide species or groups of species were evaluated in reagent water and five different contaminated water matrices, including five species-specific methodsweak acid dissociable (WAD) cyanide, free cyanide by microdiffusion, available cyanide, automated WAD cyanide by thin film distillation, metal cyanides by ion chromatography and two automated techniques for total cyanidetotal cyanide by thin film distillation and total cyanide by lowpower UV digestion. The species-specific cyanide analytical techniques achieved low, ppb-level detection limits and exhibited satisfactory accuracy and precision for most contaminated waters. Analysis of low concentrations of cyanide species in raw wastewater was problematical for the available cyanide and ion chromatography methods, which experienced significant interference problems and/ or low recoveries. There was recovery of significant diffusible cyanide in microdiffusion tests with nickel-cyanidespiked samples, reflecting dissociation of this weak metalcyanide complex during the test and demonstrating that the test can recover some fraction of WAD cyanide in addition to free cyanide. The automated total cyanide methods, which involve UV digestion, achieved low detection limits for most waters but exhibited low recoveries for some waters.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72959700,"asset_id":58654275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13381596,"first_name":"Prakasam","last_name":"Tata","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"PrakasamTata","display_name":"Prakasam Tata","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/PrakasamTata?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13381596/12848411/14251076/s65_prakasam.tata.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":4310,"name":"Speciation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speciation?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=34633"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":83315,"name":"Diffusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion?f_ri=34633"},{"id":168891,"name":"Chemical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Analysis?f_ri=34633"},{"id":330839,"name":"Analytical Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Method?f_ri=34633"},{"id":532843,"name":"Industrial Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Waste?f_ri=34633"},{"id":903511,"name":"Cyanides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyanides?f_ri=34633"},{"id":3005391,"name":"Ultraviolet Rays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultraviolet_Rays?f_ri=34633"},{"id":3608281,"name":"measurement accuracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/measurement_accuracy?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50566076" data-work_id="50566076" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50566076/Arsenic_contamination_of_groundwater_and_drinking_water_in_Vietnam_a_">Arsenic contamination of groundwater and drinking water in Vietnam: a …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is the first publication on arsenic contamination of the Red River alluvial tract in the city of Hanoi and in the surrounding rural districts. Due to naturally occurring organic matter in the sediments, the groundwaters are anoxic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50566076" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is the first publication on arsenic contamination of the Red River alluvial tract in the city of Hanoi and in the surrounding rural districts. Due to naturally occurring organic matter in the sediments, the groundwaters are anoxic and rich in iron. With an average arsenic ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50566076" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c30693cd9ed73b95771aa609a1164c7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68498318,"asset_id":50566076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68498318/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34901551" href="https://tdt.academia.edu/ChuyenNguyen">Chuyen Nguyen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34901551" type="text/json">{"id":34901551,"first_name":"Chuyen","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"tdt","page_name":"ChuyenNguyen","display_name":"Chuyen Nguyen","profile_url":"https://tdt.academia.edu/ChuyenNguyen?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34901551/10169381/11347926/s65_chuyen.nguyen.jpg_oh_549b6f91950b3a051466c28ae7d014a0_oe_5664ad57___gda___1454041735_7a84fc86f21dee0698092bad90648718"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50566076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50566076"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50566076, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50566076", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50566076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50566076; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50566076"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50566076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50566076"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50566076; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50566076]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50566076").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50566076").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50566076"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="407" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry">Geochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="407" type="text/json">{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic">Arsenic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6227" type="text/json">{"id":6227,"name":"Arsenic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50566076]'), work: {"id":50566076,"title":"Arsenic contamination of groundwater and drinking water in Vietnam: a …","created_at":"2021-08-01T23:47:12.393-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50566076/Arsenic_contamination_of_groundwater_and_drinking_water_in_Vietnam_a_?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_50566076","summary":"This is the first publication on arsenic contamination of the Red River alluvial tract in the city of Hanoi and in the surrounding rural districts. Due to naturally occurring organic matter in the sediments, the groundwaters are anoxic and rich in iron. With an average arsenic ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68498318,"asset_id":50566076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34901551,"first_name":"Chuyen","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"tdt","page_name":"ChuyenNguyen","display_name":"Chuyen Nguyen","profile_url":"https://tdt.academia.edu/ChuyenNguyen?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34901551/10169381/11347926/s65_chuyen.nguyen.jpg_oh_549b6f91950b3a051466c28ae7d014a0_oe_5664ad57___gda___1454041735_7a84fc86f21dee0698092bad90648718"}],"research_interests":[{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":6227,"name":"Arsenic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":69788,"name":"Drinking Water Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water_Treatment?f_ri=34633"},{"id":113556,"name":"Ground Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ground_Water?f_ri=34633"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water?f_ri=34633"},{"id":158597,"name":"Iron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron?f_ri=34633"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=34633"},{"id":209324,"name":"Aquifers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquifers?f_ri=34633"},{"id":222432,"name":"Seasonal variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonal_variation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":268788,"name":"Human health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_health?f_ri=34633"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=34633"},{"id":647003,"name":"Rural Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Area?f_ri=34633"},{"id":691491,"name":"Arsenic Contamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic_Contamination?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1256666,"name":"Geologic Sediments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geologic_Sediments?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49649210" data-work_id="49649210" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49649210/Removal_of_Fragrance_Materials_during_U_S_and_European_Wastewater_Treatment">Removal of Fragrance Materials during U.S. and European Wastewater Treatment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The concentrations and removals of 16 fragrance materials (FMs) were measured in 17 U.S. and European wastewater treatment plants between 1997 and 2000 and were compared to predicted values. The average FM profile and concentrations in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49649210" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The concentrations and removals of 16 fragrance materials (FMs) were measured in 17 U.S. and European wastewater treatment plants between 1997 and 2000 and were compared to predicted values. The average FM profile and concentrations in U.S. and European influent were similar. The average FM profile in primary effluent was similar to the average influent profile; however, the concentration of FMs was reduced by 14.6-50.6% in primary effluent. The average FM profile in final effluent was significantly different from the primary effluent profile and was a function of the design of the wastewater treatment plant. In general, the removal of sorptive, nonbiodegradable FMs was correlated with the removal of total suspended solids in the plant, while the removal of nonsorptive, biodegradable FMs was correlated with 5-day Biological Oxidation Demand removal in the plant. The overall plant removal (primary + secondary treatment) of FMs ranged from 87.8 to 99.9% for activated sludge plants, 58.6-99.8% for carousel plants, 88.9-99.9% for oxidation ditch plants, 71.3-98.6% for trickling filter plants, 80.8-99.9% for a rotating biological contactor plant, and 96.7-99.9% for lagoons. The average concentration of FMs in final effluent ranged from the limit of quantitation (1-3 ng/L) to 8 µg/L. Measured FM removal and concentrations were compared to predicted values, which were based on industry volume, per capita water use, octanol-water partition coefficient, and biodegradability.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49649210" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aff20e2078632c4a248ed7cff5b4d1fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67946099,"asset_id":49649210,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67946099/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38377813" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WatzeWolf">Watze Wolf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38377813" type="text/json">{"id":38377813,"first_name":"Watze","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WatzeWolf","display_name":"Watze Wolf","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WatzeWolf?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49649210 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49649210"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49649210, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49649210", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49649210 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49649210; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49649210"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49649210 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49649210"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49649210; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49649210]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49649210").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49649210").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49649210"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5064" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perfume">Perfume</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5064" type="text/json">{"id":5064,"name":"Perfume","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perfume?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification">Water Purification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6515" type="text/json">{"id":6515,"name":"Water Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9991" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment">Wastewater Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9991" type="text/json">{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49649210]'), work: {"id":49649210,"title":"Removal of Fragrance Materials during U.S. and European Wastewater Treatment","created_at":"2021-07-09T07:18:50.920-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49649210/Removal_of_Fragrance_Materials_during_U_S_and_European_Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_49649210","summary":"The concentrations and removals of 16 fragrance materials (FMs) were measured in 17 U.S. and European wastewater treatment plants between 1997 and 2000 and were compared to predicted values. The average FM profile and concentrations in U.S. and European influent were similar. The average FM profile in primary effluent was similar to the average influent profile; however, the concentration of FMs was reduced by 14.6-50.6% in primary effluent. The average FM profile in final effluent was significantly different from the primary effluent profile and was a function of the design of the wastewater treatment plant. In general, the removal of sorptive, nonbiodegradable FMs was correlated with the removal of total suspended solids in the plant, while the removal of nonsorptive, biodegradable FMs was correlated with 5-day Biological Oxidation Demand removal in the plant. The overall plant removal (primary + secondary treatment) of FMs ranged from 87.8 to 99.9% for activated sludge plants, 58.6-99.8% for carousel plants, 88.9-99.9% for oxidation ditch plants, 71.3-98.6% for trickling filter plants, 80.8-99.9% for a rotating biological contactor plant, and 96.7-99.9% for lagoons. The average concentration of FMs in final effluent ranged from the limit of quantitation (1-3 ng/L) to 8 µg/L. Measured FM removal and concentrations were compared to predicted values, which were based on industry volume, per capita water use, octanol-water partition coefficient, and biodegradability.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67946099,"asset_id":49649210,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38377813,"first_name":"Watze","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WatzeWolf","display_name":"Watze Wolf","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WatzeWolf?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5064,"name":"Perfume","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perfume?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":6515,"name":"Water Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":39752,"name":"Adsorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption?f_ri=34633"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe?f_ri=34633"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_297274 coauthored" data-work_id="297274" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/297274/International_NMR_Based_Environmental_Metabolomics_Intercomparison_Exercise">International NMR-Based Environmental Metabolomics Intercomparison Exercise</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/297274" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b8e322c8466aeb93a20d4699e4b70f27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1408348,"asset_id":297274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1408348/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="233293" href="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/TobiasKarakach">Tobias K Karakach</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="233293" type="text/json">{"id":233293,"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Karakach","domain_name":"umanitoba","page_name":"TobiasKarakach","display_name":"Tobias K Karakach","profile_url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/TobiasKarakach?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/233293/5880959/29039760/s65_tobias.karakach.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-297274">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-297274"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://nist-odisha.academia.edu/DanielBearden">Daniel Bearden</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-297274'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-297274').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_297274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="297274"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 297274, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_297274", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_297274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 297274; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_297274"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_297274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="297274"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 297274; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=297274]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_297274").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_297274").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="297274"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5069" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principal_Component_Analysis">Principal Component Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5069" type="text/json">{"id":5069,"name":"Principal Component Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principal_Component_Analysis?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolomics">Metabolomics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7802" type="text/json">{"id":7802,"name":"Metabolomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolomics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation">International Cooperation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12054" type="text/json">{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy">Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21732" type="text/json">{"id":21732,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=297274]'), work: {"id":297274,"title":"International NMR-Based Environmental Metabolomics Intercomparison Exercise","created_at":"2010-08-15T12:49:36.077-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/297274/International_NMR_Based_Environmental_Metabolomics_Intercomparison_Exercise?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_297274","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1408348,"asset_id":297274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":233293,"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Karakach","domain_name":"umanitoba","page_name":"TobiasKarakach","display_name":"Tobias K Karakach","profile_url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/TobiasKarakach?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/233293/5880959/29039760/s65_tobias.karakach.jpeg"},{"id":39903965,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Bearden","domain_name":"nist-odisha","page_name":"DanielBearden","display_name":"Daniel Bearden","profile_url":"https://nist-odisha.academia.edu/DanielBearden?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5069,"name":"Principal Component Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principal_Component_Analysis?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":7802,"name":"Metabolomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolomics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":21732,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=34633"},{"id":117270,"name":"Fishes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3297499" data-work_id="3297499" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3297499/Polychlorinated_Biphenyls_and_Chlorinated_Pesticides_in_Mussels_Collected_from_the_Egyptian_Mediterranean_Coast">Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides in Mussels Collected from the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, chlordanerelated compounds (CHLs), mirex, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3297499" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, chlordanerelated compounds (CHLs), mirex, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were determined in blubber of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) from the northwestern Atlantic coast. PCBs, DDTs, and CHLs were the major persistent organochlorines in harbor seal blubber, while mirex, HCHs, dieldrin, and HCB were minor contaminants. Highest concentrations were found in the adult males, followed by the pups, yearlings, adult females, and fetuses. DDT and PCB concentrations have declined from the high levels reported in the early 1970s, but no declines were observed in our samples over the ten-year period 1991-2001. DDT/PCB ratios were indicative of a more rapid decline of DDTs than PCBs, while ratios of p,p 0 -DDE/DDT were indicative of a metabolic ''weathering'' of DDT. The population appears to be susceptible to disease outbreaks, as evidenced by a recurrence of viral epizootics since the late 1970s. The PCB burdens in these seals are similar to levels reported in seals from polluted regions of Europe and Asia, and exceed the estimated threshold levels for adverse reproductive and immune system effects in the species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3297499" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="670953bc79a3fa161356c442af9a76dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50356643,"asset_id":3297499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50356643/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2787864" href="https://niof.academia.edu/AhmedElNemr">Ahmed El Nemr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2787864" type="text/json">{"id":2787864,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"El Nemr","domain_name":"niof","page_name":"AhmedElNemr","display_name":"Ahmed El Nemr","profile_url":"https://niof.academia.edu/AhmedElNemr?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2787864/911598/115561425/s65_ahmed.el_nemr.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3297499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3297499"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3297499, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3297499", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3297499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3297499; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3297499"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3297499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3297499"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3297499; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3297499]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3297499").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3297499").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3297499"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">36</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12537" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt">Egypt</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12537" type="text/json">{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution">Water Pollution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21724" type="text/json">{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3297499]'), work: {"id":3297499,"title":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides in Mussels Collected from the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast","created_at":"2013-04-15T17:37:48.486-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3297499/Polychlorinated_Biphenyls_and_Chlorinated_Pesticides_in_Mussels_Collected_from_the_Egyptian_Mediterranean_Coast?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_3297499","summary":"Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, chlordanerelated compounds (CHLs), mirex, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were determined in blubber of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) from the northwestern Atlantic coast. PCBs, DDTs, and CHLs were the major persistent organochlorines in harbor seal blubber, while mirex, HCHs, dieldrin, and HCB were minor contaminants. Highest concentrations were found in the adult males, followed by the pups, yearlings, adult females, and fetuses. DDT and PCB concentrations have declined from the high levels reported in the early 1970s, but no declines were observed in our samples over the ten-year period 1991-2001. DDT/PCB ratios were indicative of a more rapid decline of DDTs than PCBs, while ratios of p,p 0 -DDE/DDT were indicative of a metabolic ''weathering'' of DDT. The population appears to be susceptible to disease outbreaks, as evidenced by a recurrence of viral epizootics since the late 1970s. The PCB burdens in these seals are similar to levels reported in seals from polluted regions of Europe and Asia, and exceed the estimated threshold levels for adverse reproductive and immune system effects in the species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50356643,"asset_id":3297499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2787864,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"El Nemr","domain_name":"niof","page_name":"AhmedElNemr","display_name":"Ahmed El Nemr","profile_url":"https://niof.academia.edu/AhmedElNemr?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2787864/911598/115561425/s65_ahmed.el_nemr.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=34633"},{"id":50243,"name":"Mediterranean Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Sea?f_ri=34633"},{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue?f_ri=34633"},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=34633"},{"id":52974,"name":"DDT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DDT?f_ri=34633"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=34633"},{"id":65590,"name":"Pesticide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticide?f_ri=34633"},{"id":85437,"name":"Pesticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticides?f_ri=34633"},{"id":85920,"name":"Bivalvia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bivalvia?f_ri=34633"},{"id":93497,"name":"Atlantic Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_Ocean?f_ri=34633"},{"id":149539,"name":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polychlorinated_Biphenyls?f_ri=34633"},{"id":166448,"name":"Gas Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography?f_ri=34633"},{"id":242478,"name":"Polychlorinated Biphenyl","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polychlorinated_Biphenyl?f_ri=34633"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=34633"},{"id":315242,"name":"Disease Outbreak","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Outbreak?f_ri=34633"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=34633"},{"id":354340,"name":"Geographic Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Variation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":389732,"name":"New England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_England?f_ri=34633"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=34633"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=34633"},{"id":416536,"name":"Science Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":477461,"name":"Coastal Zone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Zone?f_ri=34633"},{"id":538342,"name":"Pollutant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollutant?f_ri=34633"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=34633"},{"id":570701,"name":"Amphibian decline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphibian_decline?f_ri=34633"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=34633"},{"id":807619,"name":"Lindane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lindane?f_ri=34633"},{"id":882010,"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology_and_Chemistry?f_ri=34633"},{"id":985648,"name":"Phoca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoca?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11323685" data-work_id="11323685" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11323685/Recycling_of_Scrap_Cathode_Ray_Tubes">Recycling of Scrap Cathode Ray Tubes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is estimated that approximately 50% of the weight of a computer monitor is composed of cathode ray tube (CRT) glass. Thus, the successful recycling of scrap CRT glass can greatly relieve the disposal problem created by scrap monitors.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11323685" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is estimated that approximately 50% of the weight of a computer monitor is composed of cathode ray tube (CRT) glass. Thus, the successful recycling of scrap CRT glass can greatly relieve the disposal problem created by scrap monitors. CRT glass may be considered a hazardous waste due to its high lead concentration. A CRT can be divided into panel (front) glass and funnel (back) glass. Several coatings have been applied to the surface of the CRT panel and funnel glass. These coatings may present an adverse effect to the environment by obstructing the recycling and reuse of the CRT glass. To recycle CRT glass, a series of tests has been conducted to remove the coatings from scrap CRT glass. In this study, the CRT panel and funnel glass obtained from scrap computer monitors was cleaned by wet-scrubbing and ultrasonic cleaning methods. This cleaned CRT glass is intended to be recycled and reused by CRT manufacturers. This study shows that the wet-scrubbing method has a better coating removal performance and no associated pollution problem (i.e., no additional chemical additives). Thus, the wet-scrubbing method is recommended for use as a CRT coating removal method. The results of these tests are presented in this paper.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11323685" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c316a41ea0f981c718f2aebe10e8446" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46758964,"asset_id":11323685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46758964/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27420592" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChingHwaLee">Ching-Hwa Lee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27420592" type="text/json">{"id":27420592,"first_name":"Ching-Hwa","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChingHwaLee","display_name":"Ching-Hwa Lee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChingHwaLee?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11323685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11323685"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11323685, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11323685", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11323685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11323685; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11323685"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11323685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11323685"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11323685; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11323685]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11323685").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11323685").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11323685"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25445" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution">Environmental Pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25445" type="text/json">{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="118812" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonics">Ultrasonics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="118812" type="text/json">{"id":118812,"name":"Ultrasonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11323685]'), work: {"id":11323685,"title":"Recycling of Scrap Cathode Ray Tubes","created_at":"2015-03-07T23:15:05.339-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11323685/Recycling_of_Scrap_Cathode_Ray_Tubes?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_11323685","summary":"It is estimated that approximately 50% of the weight of a computer monitor is composed of cathode ray tube (CRT) glass. Thus, the successful recycling of scrap CRT glass can greatly relieve the disposal problem created by scrap monitors. CRT glass may be considered a hazardous waste due to its high lead concentration. A CRT can be divided into panel (front) glass and funnel (back) glass. Several coatings have been applied to the surface of the CRT panel and funnel glass. These coatings may present an adverse effect to the environment by obstructing the recycling and reuse of the CRT glass. To recycle CRT glass, a series of tests has been conducted to remove the coatings from scrap CRT glass. In this study, the CRT panel and funnel glass obtained from scrap computer monitors was cleaned by wet-scrubbing and ultrasonic cleaning methods. This cleaned CRT glass is intended to be recycled and reused by CRT manufacturers. This study shows that the wet-scrubbing method has a better coating removal performance and no associated pollution problem (i.e., no additional chemical additives). Thus, the wet-scrubbing method is recommended for use as a CRT coating removal method. The results of these tests are presented in this paper.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46758964,"asset_id":11323685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27420592,"first_name":"Ching-Hwa","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChingHwaLee","display_name":"Ching-Hwa Lee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChingHwaLee?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":118812,"name":"Ultrasonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":605600,"name":"Refuse disposal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refuse_disposal?f_ri=34633"},{"id":719974,"name":"Conservation of Natural Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_of_Natural_Resources?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1271890,"name":"Beta Particles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beta_Particles?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12147241" data-work_id="12147241" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12147241/High_resolution_analytical_electron_microscopy_study_on_the_bainitic_transformation_in_a_Cu_Zn_Al_alloy">High resolution analytical electron microscopy study on the bainitic transformation in a Cu-Zn-Al alloy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12147241" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="373a117f305b8866252dca10c432ec2c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46332689,"asset_id":12147241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46332689/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30488278" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TerryTetley">Terry Tetley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30488278" type="text/json">{"id":30488278,"first_name":"Terry","last_name":"Tetley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TerryTetley","display_name":"Terry Tetley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TerryTetley?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12147241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12147241"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12147241, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12147241", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12147241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12147241; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12147241"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12147241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12147241"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12147241; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12147241]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12147241").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12147241").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12147241"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering">Materials Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56" type="text/json">{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="505" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics">Condensed Matter Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="505" type="text/json">{"id":505,"name":"Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics">Quantum Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="518" type="text/json">{"id":518,"name":"Quantum Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy">Electron Microscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2184" type="text/json">{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12147241]'), work: {"id":12147241,"title":"High resolution analytical electron microscopy study on the bainitic transformation in a Cu-Zn-Al alloy","created_at":"2015-04-29T02:05:57.899-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12147241/High_resolution_analytical_electron_microscopy_study_on_the_bainitic_transformation_in_a_Cu_Zn_Al_alloy?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_12147241","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46332689,"asset_id":12147241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30488278,"first_name":"Terry","last_name":"Tetley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TerryTetley","display_name":"Terry Tetley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TerryTetley?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":505,"name":"Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":518,"name":"Quantum Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=34633"},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=34633"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=34633"},{"id":50628,"name":"Nanowires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanowires?f_ri=34633"},{"id":80694,"name":"Silver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver?f_ri=34633"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=34633"},{"id":207840,"name":"Analytical Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=34633"},{"id":309086,"name":"High Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Resolution?f_ri=34633"},{"id":957359,"name":"Culture Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Media?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14371787 coauthored" data-work_id="14371787" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14371787/Determination_of_Microcystins_in_River_Waters_Using_Micirosensor_Arrays_on_Disk">Determination of Microcystins in River Waters Using Micirosensor Arrays on Disk</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The development of simple, accurate, and rapid multisample analytical methodologies to find out critical targets in waters is highly demanded. Optical microsensor arrays to determine microcystins in river waters are developed on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14371787" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The development of simple, accurate, and rapid multisample analytical methodologies to find out critical targets in waters is highly demanded. Optical microsensor arrays to determine microcystins in river waters are developed on the polycarbonate side of compact discs. The working principle of the sensors relied on an indirect competitive microimmunoassay, where free microcystin LR (MC-LR) competes with immobilized conjugate for specific monoclonal antibody. The results of the immunoreaction are detected with a DVD drive, showing the readouts in minutes. The method reached a sensitivity (IC 50 ) for MC-LR of 1.04 µg/L and a linear response in the range 0.12-2.00 µg/ L, allowing its determination below the upper limit proposed by the World Health Organization in drinking water. The developed analytical approach shows simplicity, good sensitivity, high throughput capability, and rapidity (37 min) in field use. The optimized assay showed also high congener reactivity to MC-LY (144%), MC-LA (125%), MC-LF (119%), MC-LW (102%), MC-YR (83%), and nodularin (94%). Furthermore, the suitability of the disk biosensor to quantify MC-LR was successfully evaluated analyzing river water samples, obtaining excellent recoveries (78-113%). Precoated discs are stable for at least seven weeks without loosing their analytical performances. Also, the portability of the analytical system permits on-site analysis and quantification, saving time and other resources. To our knowledge, this is the only work where a portable, easy-touse, array based system has been developed for on-site microcystin quantification and applied to simultaneously analyze 42 samples plus the calibration curve, reaching microgram per liter sensitivity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14371787" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d2f1f501866d94a9c146157005626ec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44273980,"asset_id":14371787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44273980/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33314386" href="https://upv-es.academia.edu/RPuchades">R. Puchades</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33314386" type="text/json">{"id":33314386,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Puchades","domain_name":"upv-es","page_name":"RPuchades","display_name":"R. Puchades","profile_url":"https://upv-es.academia.edu/RPuchades?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14371787">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14371787"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://upv-es.academia.edu/SergiMorais">Sergi Morais</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14371787'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14371787').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14371787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14371787"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14371787, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14371787", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14371787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14371787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14371787"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14371787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14371787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14371787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14371787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14371787").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14371787").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14371787"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers">Rivers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12653" type="text/json">{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14371787]'), work: {"id":14371787,"title":"Determination of Microcystins in River Waters Using Micirosensor Arrays on Disk","created_at":"2015-07-24T12:12:02.114-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14371787/Determination_of_Microcystins_in_River_Waters_Using_Micirosensor_Arrays_on_Disk?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_14371787","summary":"The development of simple, accurate, and rapid multisample analytical methodologies to find out critical targets in waters is highly demanded. Optical microsensor arrays to determine microcystins in river waters are developed on the polycarbonate side of compact discs. The working principle of the sensors relied on an indirect competitive microimmunoassay, where free microcystin LR (MC-LR) competes with immobilized conjugate for specific monoclonal antibody. The results of the immunoreaction are detected with a DVD drive, showing the readouts in minutes. The method reached a sensitivity (IC 50 ) for MC-LR of 1.04 µg/L and a linear response in the range 0.12-2.00 µg/ L, allowing its determination below the upper limit proposed by the World Health Organization in drinking water. The developed analytical approach shows simplicity, good sensitivity, high throughput capability, and rapidity (37 min) in field use. The optimized assay showed also high congener reactivity to MC-LY (144%), MC-LA (125%), MC-LF (119%), MC-LW (102%), MC-YR (83%), and nodularin (94%). Furthermore, the suitability of the disk biosensor to quantify MC-LR was successfully evaluated analyzing river water samples, obtaining excellent recoveries (78-113%). Precoated discs are stable for at least seven weeks without loosing their analytical performances. Also, the portability of the analytical system permits on-site analysis and quantification, saving time and other resources. To our knowledge, this is the only work where a portable, easy-touse, array based system has been developed for on-site microcystin quantification and applied to simultaneously analyze 42 samples plus the calibration curve, reaching microgram per liter sensitivity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44273980,"asset_id":14371787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33314386,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Puchades","domain_name":"upv-es","page_name":"RPuchades","display_name":"R. Puchades","profile_url":"https://upv-es.academia.edu/RPuchades?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33348561,"first_name":"Sergi","last_name":"Morais","domain_name":"upv-es","page_name":"SergiMorais","display_name":"Sergi Morais","profile_url":"https://upv-es.academia.edu/SergiMorais?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":239677,"name":"Microcystins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microcystins?f_ri=34633"},{"id":375301,"name":"Microarray Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microarray_Analysis?f_ri=34633"},{"id":416536,"name":"Science Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":511535,"name":"Immunoassay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoassay?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14535329" data-work_id="14535329" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14535329/Voltammetric_Analysis_of_Heterogeneity_in_Metal_Ion_Binding_by_Humics">Voltammetric Analysis of Heterogeneity in Metal Ion Binding by Humics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The complexation of Cd, Pb, and Cu by fulvic acids at a fixed pH and ionic strength is studied by means of different voltammetric techniques at any metal-to-ligand ratio. When using Reverse Pulse Polarography (RPP) the complex species are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14535329" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The complexation of Cd, Pb, and Cu by fulvic acids at a fixed pH and ionic strength is studied by means of different voltammetric techniques at any metal-to-ligand ratio. When using Reverse Pulse Polarography (RPP) the complex species are electrochemically labile and not subject to significant electrodic adsorption. RPP titrations of fulvic acid with metal ions are interpreted on the basis of a recently proposed analytical expression for limiting currents valid for fully labile heterogeneous complexation. The voltammetric data are transformed into the corresponding binding curve, i.e., the fraction of occupied sites vs free metal concentration. Finally, the competition between metal ions and protons in their interaction with the fulvic binding sites as well as the concomitant polyelectrolytic effects are analyzed in terms of the NICCA-Donnan model. The results show that voltammetric techniques can be applied to the studies of heterogeneous complex systems in a broad range of metal-to-ligand ratios.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14535329" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f1da2c1a9b399c577c9f5646a113530d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44086376,"asset_id":14535329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44086376/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33495242" href="https://lleida.academia.edu/JaumePuy">Jaume Puy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33495242" type="text/json">{"id":33495242,"first_name":"Jaume","last_name":"Puy","domain_name":"lleida","page_name":"JaumePuy","display_name":"Jaume Puy","profile_url":"https://lleida.academia.edu/JaumePuy?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14535329 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14535329"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14535329, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14535329", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14535329 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14535329; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14535329"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14535329 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14535329"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14535329; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14535329]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14535329").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14535329").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14535329"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry">Electrochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4748" type="text/json">{"id":4748,"name":"Electrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14535329]'), work: {"id":14535329,"title":"Voltammetric Analysis of Heterogeneity in Metal Ion Binding by Humics","created_at":"2015-07-31T11:35:48.257-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14535329/Voltammetric_Analysis_of_Heterogeneity_in_Metal_Ion_Binding_by_Humics?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_14535329","summary":"The complexation of Cd, Pb, and Cu by fulvic acids at a fixed pH and ionic strength is studied by means of different voltammetric techniques at any metal-to-ligand ratio. When using Reverse Pulse Polarography (RPP) the complex species are electrochemically labile and not subject to significant electrodic adsorption. RPP titrations of fulvic acid with metal ions are interpreted on the basis of a recently proposed analytical expression for limiting currents valid for fully labile heterogeneous complexation. The voltammetric data are transformed into the corresponding binding curve, i.e., the fraction of occupied sites vs free metal concentration. Finally, the competition between metal ions and protons in their interaction with the fulvic binding sites as well as the concomitant polyelectrolytic effects are analyzed in terms of the NICCA-Donnan model. The results show that voltammetric techniques can be applied to the studies of heterogeneous complex systems in a broad range of metal-to-ligand ratios.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44086376,"asset_id":14535329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33495242,"first_name":"Jaume","last_name":"Puy","domain_name":"lleida","page_name":"JaumePuy","display_name":"Jaume Puy","profile_url":"https://lleida.academia.edu/JaumePuy?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4748,"name":"Electrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper?f_ri=34633"},{"id":116579,"name":"Lead","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lead?f_ri=34633"},{"id":213907,"name":"Cadmium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cadmium?f_ri=34633"},{"id":590943,"name":"Metal ion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_ion?f_ri=34633"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1208793,"name":"Protons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protons?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1222191,"name":"Ligands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ligands?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23642361" data-work_id="23642361" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23642361/Enhancing_the_Ecological_Significance_of_Sediment_Contamination_Guidelines_through_Integration_with_Community_Analysis">Enhancing the Ecological Significance of Sediment Contamination Guidelines through Integration with Community Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The underlying basis of sediment quality guidelines needs to be accepted both by the international scientific community and socially before they can be of use. Increasingly, this means that just saying that a certain number of species... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23642361" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The underlying basis of sediment quality guidelines needs to be accepted both by the international scientific community and socially before they can be of use. Increasingly, this means that just saying that a certain number of species will be affected is not sufficient. Instead guidelines need to be related to changes in community composition and predicted changes in biodiversity and ecosystem function. This study derived guidelines for copper, zinc, and lead, from field-based SSDs, that predicted a 50% decrease in abundance of 5% of the taxa, well below present management guidelines. However, a multivariate model of effect demonstrated considerable changes in community composition occur at levels below these derived guidelines. Changes in the degree of rarity also occurred signaling potential changes to meta-community structure and resilience of the region. Furthermore, the most sensitive taxa indicated by the multivariate analysis were frequently of large size and those likely to affect oxygen, carbon, and nutrient exchanges between the water column and the seafloor, leading to ecological effects beyond the obvious change in composition. We suggest that guidelines should preferentially be field derived, backed where possible by experimental work. Community and functional responses should be calculated, from the same field studies, and explicitly mentioned whenever the guidelines are used to allow environmental costs to be more realistically determined.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23642361" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8319ef24067bb7cf46c50d2a6762a686" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44053002,"asset_id":23642361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44053002/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45701349" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HewittJudi">Judi Hewitt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45701349" type="text/json">{"id":45701349,"first_name":"Judi","last_name":"Hewitt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HewittJudi","display_name":"Judi Hewitt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HewittJudi?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23642361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23642361"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23642361, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23642361", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23642361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23642361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23642361"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23642361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23642361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23642361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23642361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23642361").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23642361").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23642361"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255058" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metals">Metals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="255058" type="text/json">{"id":255058,"name":"Metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metals?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23642361]'), work: {"id":23642361,"title":"Enhancing the Ecological Significance of Sediment Contamination Guidelines through Integration with Community Analysis","created_at":"2016-03-23T21:44:35.215-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23642361/Enhancing_the_Ecological_Significance_of_Sediment_Contamination_Guidelines_through_Integration_with_Community_Analysis?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_23642361","summary":"The underlying basis of sediment quality guidelines needs to be accepted both by the international scientific community and socially before they can be of use. Increasingly, this means that just saying that a certain number of species will be affected is not sufficient. Instead guidelines need to be related to changes in community composition and predicted changes in biodiversity and ecosystem function. This study derived guidelines for copper, zinc, and lead, from field-based SSDs, that predicted a 50% decrease in abundance of 5% of the taxa, well below present management guidelines. However, a multivariate model of effect demonstrated considerable changes in community composition occur at levels below these derived guidelines. Changes in the degree of rarity also occurred signaling potential changes to meta-community structure and resilience of the region. Furthermore, the most sensitive taxa indicated by the multivariate analysis were frequently of large size and those likely to affect oxygen, carbon, and nutrient exchanges between the water column and the seafloor, leading to ecological effects beyond the obvious change in composition. We suggest that guidelines should preferentially be field derived, backed where possible by experimental work. Community and functional responses should be calculated, from the same field studies, and explicitly mentioned whenever the guidelines are used to allow environmental costs to be more realistically determined.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44053002,"asset_id":23642361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45701349,"first_name":"Judi","last_name":"Hewitt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HewittJudi","display_name":"Judi Hewitt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HewittJudi?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":255058,"name":"Metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metals?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1256666,"name":"Geologic Sediments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geologic_Sediments?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15026002" data-work_id="15026002" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15026002/Where_Have_All_the_Fish_Gone">Where Have All the Fish Gone?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15026002" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c5f9ca8745c8ebc5fa0beb5638200fe2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43648115,"asset_id":15026002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43648115/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34033848" href="https://unibasel.academia.edu/PatriciaBurkhardtholm">Patricia Burkhardt-holm</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34033848" type="text/json">{"id":34033848,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Burkhardt-holm","domain_name":"unibasel","page_name":"PatriciaBurkhardtholm","display_name":"Patricia Burkhardt-holm","profile_url":"https://unibasel.academia.edu/PatriciaBurkhardtholm?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15026002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15026002"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15026002, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15026002", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15026002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15026002; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15026002"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15026002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15026002"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15026002; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15026002]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15026002").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15026002").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15026002"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1133132" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental">Environmental</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1133132" type="text/json">{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15026002]'), work: {"id":15026002,"title":"Where Have All the Fish Gone?","created_at":"2015-08-18T23:08:27.438-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15026002/Where_Have_All_the_Fish_Gone?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_15026002","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43648115,"asset_id":15026002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34033848,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Burkhardt-holm","domain_name":"unibasel","page_name":"PatriciaBurkhardtholm","display_name":"Patricia Burkhardt-holm","profile_url":"https://unibasel.academia.edu/PatriciaBurkhardtholm?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18393322" data-work_id="18393322" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18393322/Use_of_Stochastic_Multi_Criteria_Decision_Analysis_to_Support_Sustainable_Management_of_Contaminated_Sediments">Use of Stochastic Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Support Sustainable Management of Contaminated Sediments</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sustainable management of contaminated sediments requires careful prioritization of available resources and focuses on efforts to optimize decisions that consider environmental, economic, and societal aspects simultaneously. This may be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18393322" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sustainable management of contaminated sediments requires careful prioritization of available resources and focuses on efforts to optimize decisions that consider environmental, economic, and societal aspects simultaneously. This may be achieved by combining different analytical approaches such as risk analysis (RA), life cycle analysis (LCA), multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), and economic valuation methods. We propose the use of stochastic MCDA based on outranking algorithms to implement integrative sustainability strategies for sediment management. In this paper we use the method to select the best sediment management alternatives for the dibenzo-pdioxin and -furan (PCDD/F) contaminated Grenland fjord in Norway. In the analysis, the benefits of health risk reductions and socio-economic benefits from removing seafood health advisories are evaluated against the detriments of remedial costs and life cycle environmental impacts. A value-plural based weighing of criteria is compared to criteria weights mimicking traditional cost−effectiveness (CEA) and cost−benefit (CBA) analyses. Capping highly contaminated areas in the inner or outer fjord is identified as the most preferable remediation alternative under all criteria schemes and the results are confirmed by a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The proposed methodology can serve as a flexible framework for future decision support and can be a step toward more sustainable decision making for contaminated sediment management. It may be applicable to the broader field of ecosystem restoration for trade-off analysis between ecosystem services and restoration costs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18393322" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ab19b7c2f24950b9b395f5066c77101" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40031274,"asset_id":18393322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40031274/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2059662" href="https://erdc-cerl.academia.edu/IgorLinkov">Igor Linkov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2059662" type="text/json">{"id":2059662,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Linkov","domain_name":"erdc-cerl","page_name":"IgorLinkov","display_name":"Igor Linkov","profile_url":"https://erdc-cerl.academia.edu/IgorLinkov?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2059662/37785522/31846560/s65_igor.linkov.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18393322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18393322"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18393322, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18393322", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18393322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18393322; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18393322"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18393322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18393322"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18393322; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18393322]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18393322").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18393322").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18393322"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25445" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution">Environmental Pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25445" type="text/json">{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18393322]'), work: {"id":18393322,"title":"Use of Stochastic Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Support Sustainable Management of Contaminated Sediments","created_at":"2015-11-15T13:05:10.249-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18393322/Use_of_Stochastic_Multi_Criteria_Decision_Analysis_to_Support_Sustainable_Management_of_Contaminated_Sediments?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_18393322","summary":"Sustainable management of contaminated sediments requires careful prioritization of available resources and focuses on efforts to optimize decisions that consider environmental, economic, and societal aspects simultaneously. This may be achieved by combining different analytical approaches such as risk analysis (RA), life cycle analysis (LCA), multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), and economic valuation methods. We propose the use of stochastic MCDA based on outranking algorithms to implement integrative sustainability strategies for sediment management. In this paper we use the method to select the best sediment management alternatives for the dibenzo-pdioxin and -furan (PCDD/F) contaminated Grenland fjord in Norway. In the analysis, the benefits of health risk reductions and socio-economic benefits from removing seafood health advisories are evaluated against the detriments of remedial costs and life cycle environmental impacts. A value-plural based weighing of criteria is compared to criteria weights mimicking traditional cost−effectiveness (CEA) and cost−benefit (CBA) analyses. Capping highly contaminated areas in the inner or outer fjord is identified as the most preferable remediation alternative under all criteria schemes and the results are confirmed by a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The proposed methodology can serve as a flexible framework for future decision support and can be a step toward more sustainable decision making for contaminated sediment management. It may be applicable to the broader field of ecosystem restoration for trade-off analysis between ecosystem services and restoration costs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40031274,"asset_id":18393322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2059662,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Linkov","domain_name":"erdc-cerl","page_name":"IgorLinkov","display_name":"Igor Linkov","profile_url":"https://erdc-cerl.academia.edu/IgorLinkov?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2059662/37785522/31846560/s65_igor.linkov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":43131,"name":"Stochastic processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stochastic_processes?f_ri=34633"},{"id":51645,"name":"Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway?f_ri=34633"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=34633"},{"id":314868,"name":"Seafood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seafood?f_ri=34633"},{"id":416536,"name":"Science Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":457859,"name":"Cost Benefit Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Benefit_Analysis?f_ri=34633"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=34633"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1256666,"name":"Geologic Sediments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geologic_Sediments?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1771072,"name":"Dioxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dioxins?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18110956" data-work_id="18110956" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18110956/Reducing_Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_for_Climate_Stabilization_Framing_Regional_Options">Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Climate Stabilization: Framing Regional Options</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has stated that stabilizing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations will require reduction of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by as much as 80% by 2050. Subnational efforts to cut... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18110956" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has stated that stabilizing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations will require reduction of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by as much as 80% by 2050. Subnational efforts to cut emissions will inform policy development nationally and globally. We projected GHG mitigation strategies for Minnesota, which has adopted a strategic goal of 80% emissions reduction by 2050. A portfolio of conservation strategies, including electricity conservation, increased vehicle fleet fuel efficiency, and reduced vehicle miles traveled, is likely the most cost-effective option for Minnesota and could reduce emissions by 18% below 2005 levels. An 80% GHG reduction would require complete decarbonization of the electricity and transportation sectors, combined with carbon capture and sequestration at power plants, or deep cuts in other relatively more intransigent GHGemitting sectors. In order to achieve ambitious GHG reduction goals, policymakers should promote aggressive conservation efforts, which would probably have negative net costs, while phasing in alternative fuels to replace coal and motor gasoline over the long-term.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18110956" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca8bab689b5e4988c684f2889c98d980" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39880989,"asset_id":18110956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39880989/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24818001" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterReich">Peter Reich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24818001" type="text/json">{"id":24818001,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Reich","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterReich","display_name":"Peter Reich","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterReich?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18110956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18110956"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18110956, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18110956", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18110956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18110956; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18110956"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18110956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18110956"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18110956; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18110956]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18110956").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18110956").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18110956"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">30</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2707" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_policy">Environmental policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2707" type="text/json">{"id":2707,"name":"Environmental policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_policy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7451" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Policy">Information Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7451" type="text/json">{"id":7451,"name":"Information Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Policy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture">Agriculture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10225" type="text/json">{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18110956]'), work: {"id":18110956,"title":"Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Climate Stabilization: Framing Regional Options","created_at":"2015-11-10T14:10:09.791-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18110956/Reducing_Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_for_Climate_Stabilization_Framing_Regional_Options?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_18110956","summary":"The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has stated that stabilizing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations will require reduction of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by as much as 80% by 2050. Subnational efforts to cut emissions will inform policy development nationally and globally. We projected GHG mitigation strategies for Minnesota, which has adopted a strategic goal of 80% emissions reduction by 2050. A portfolio of conservation strategies, including electricity conservation, increased vehicle fleet fuel efficiency, and reduced vehicle miles traveled, is likely the most cost-effective option for Minnesota and could reduce emissions by 18% below 2005 levels. An 80% GHG reduction would require complete decarbonization of the electricity and transportation sectors, combined with carbon capture and sequestration at power plants, or deep cuts in other relatively more intransigent GHGemitting sectors. In order to achieve ambitious GHG reduction goals, policymakers should promote aggressive conservation efforts, which would probably have negative net costs, while phasing in alternative fuels to replace coal and motor gasoline over the long-term.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39880989,"asset_id":18110956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24818001,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Reich","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterReich","display_name":"Peter Reich","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterReich?f_ri=34633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":2707,"name":"Environmental policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_policy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":7451,"name":"Information Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Policy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":10432,"name":"Transportation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":10722,"name":"Policy Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Development?f_ri=34633"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34388,"name":"Power Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Plant?f_ri=34633"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633"},{"id":57254,"name":"Wind Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Power?f_ri=34633"},{"id":59128,"name":"Natural Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Gas?f_ri=34633"},{"id":68256,"name":"Emission reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emission_reduction?f_ri=34633"},{"id":72415,"name":"Power Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Generation?f_ri=34633"},{"id":85280,"name":"Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industry?f_ri=34633"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=34633"},{"id":165565,"name":"Cost effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_effectiveness?f_ri=34633"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=34633"},{"id":187424,"name":"Alternative Fuel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternative_Fuel?f_ri=34633"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=34633"},{"id":253448,"name":"Carbon Capture and Sequestration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Capture_and_Sequestration?f_ri=34633"},{"id":254129,"name":"Minnesota","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minnesota?f_ri=34633"},{"id":354794,"name":"Greenhouse gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gases?f_ri=34633"},{"id":369458,"name":"Greenhouse Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Effect?f_ri=34633"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=34633"},{"id":457859,"name":"Cost Benefit Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Benefit_Analysis?f_ri=34633"},{"id":578100,"name":"Developing nations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_nations?f_ri=34633"},{"id":719974,"name":"Conservation of Natural Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_of_Natural_Resources?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1892772,"name":"Conservation strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_strategies?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17511217" data-work_id="17511217" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17511217/Thermodynamic_properties_of_autunite_uranyl_hydrogen_phosphate_and_uranyl_orthophosphate_from_solubility_and_calorimetric_measurements">Thermodynamic properties of autunite, uranyl hydrogen phosphate, and uranyl orthophosphate from solubility and calorimetric measurements</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study, we use solubility and oxide melt solution calorimetry measurements to determine the thermodynamic properties of the uranyl phosphate phases autunite (abbreviated: CaUP), uranyl hydrogen phosphate (HUP), and uranyl... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17511217" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, we use solubility and oxide melt solution calorimetry measurements to determine the thermodynamic properties of the uranyl phosphate phases autunite (abbreviated: CaUP), uranyl hydrogen phosphate (HUP), and uranyl orthophosphate (UP). Solubility measurements from both supersaturated and undersaturated conditions, as well as under different pH conditions, rigorously demonstrate attainment of equilibrium and yield well-constrained solubility product values of</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17511217" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff1c52d558cba8a93045a58cb5d6ff05" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39550406,"asset_id":17511217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39550406/download_file?st=MTc0MDA2NzgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26069963" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterBurns3">Peter Burns</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26069963" type="text/json">{"id":26069963,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Burns","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterBurns3","display_name":"Peter Burns","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterBurns3?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26069963/46748648/36029181/s65_peter.burns.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17511217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17511217"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17511217, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17511217", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17511217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17511217; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17511217"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17511217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17511217"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17511217; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17511217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17511217").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17511217").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17511217"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="522" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="522" type="text/json">{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology">Environmental science and technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34633" type="text/json">{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="114719" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gibbs_Free_Energy">Gibbs Free Energy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="114719" type="text/json">{"id":114719,"name":"Gibbs Free Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gibbs_Free_Energy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17511217]'), work: {"id":17511217,"title":"Thermodynamic properties of autunite, uranyl hydrogen phosphate, and uranyl orthophosphate from solubility and calorimetric measurements","created_at":"2015-10-30T05:13:00.892-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17511217/Thermodynamic_properties_of_autunite_uranyl_hydrogen_phosphate_and_uranyl_orthophosphate_from_solubility_and_calorimetric_measurements?f_ri=34633","dom_id":"work_17511217","summary":"In this study, we use solubility and oxide melt solution calorimetry measurements to determine the thermodynamic properties of the uranyl phosphate phases autunite (abbreviated: CaUP), uranyl hydrogen phosphate (HUP), and uranyl orthophosphate (UP). Solubility measurements from both supersaturated and undersaturated conditions, as well as under different pH conditions, rigorously demonstrate attainment of equilibrium and yield well-constrained solubility product values of","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39550406,"asset_id":17511217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26069963,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Burns","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterBurns3","display_name":"Peter Burns","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterBurns3?f_ri=34633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26069963/46748648/36029181/s65_peter.burns.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":114719,"name":"Gibbs Free Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gibbs_Free_Energy?f_ri=34633","nofollow":true},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=34633"},{"id":541102,"name":"Phosphoric acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphoric_acid?f_ri=34633"},{"id":541785,"name":"Phosphates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphates?f_ri=34633"},{"id":632976,"name":"Phosphoric Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphoric_Acid-1?f_ri=34633"},{"id":677739,"name":"Calorimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calorimetry?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1256879,"name":"Thermodynamic Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamic_Properties?f_ri=34633"},{"id":1491514,"name":"*Hot Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Hot_Temperature?f_ri=34633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?after=50%2C17511217" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Limnology_of_tropical_lakes">Limnology of tropical lakes</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="139538">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="139538">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeochemistry">Biogeochemistry</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1361">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1361">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perkembangan_IPTEK">Perkembangan IPTEK</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1455468">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1455468">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="402">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="402">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HYDROCARBONS">HYDROCARBONS</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="270438">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="270438">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetland_Ecology">Wetland Ecology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="11993">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="11993">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kebisingan_akibat_Lalulintas">Kebisingan akibat Lalulintas</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="256726">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="256726">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Engineering">Philosophy of Engineering</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="17627">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="17627">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blasting">Blasting</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="186417">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="186417">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "c2c5f05e521a114d1c6c4c31756bdfb25537c042d9c33e287adb223a262e8a6c", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="lEUl3TH4QzHjDYulZtpOP9WlYsjRbYUEewYDgqMlubXR3mHlssqC9HKTeudUDe4-Zn4x8zqSPVMp6R3hAVFuvg" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="1QV6Ez-2otMkCfQM2kEj8s2GFAF3zTxu45dGJyTfd62Qnj4rvIRjFrWXBU7oloPzfl1HOpwyhDmxeFhEhqugpg" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>