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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Tazama chanzo cha Uhindi ya Kiingereza</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Makala hii inapatikana kwa lugha hii tu. 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>Huruhusiwi kuhariri ukurasa huu, kwa sababu hiyo: </p> <div class="permissions-errors"><div class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"><b>Your IP address is in a range that has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks">blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis</a>.</b> <p>The block was made by <a href="/wiki/Mtumiaji:Jon_Kolbert" title="Mtumiaji:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a>. 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Ikiwa unaamini kuwa ulizuiwa kimakosa, unaweza kupata maelezo na maagizo ya ziada katika sera ya kimataifa ya <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a>. </p> La sivyo, ili kujadili kizuizi tafadhali <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">chapisha ombi la ukaguzi kwenye Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Unaweza kutazama na kunakili chanzo cha ukurasa huu. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="sw" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">'''Uhindi ya Kiingereza''' ni kipindi cha [[historia]] ambapo nchi za [[Bara Hindi]] ama zilitawaliwa na [[Uingereza]] moja kwa moja ama zilikuwa chini ya usimamizi wa Uingereza kama [[nchi lindwa]]. Utawala huo ulienea juu ya nchi za leo za [[Uhindi]], [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Nepal]] na kwa muda pia juu ya [[Burma]] ([[Myanmar]]). Utawala wa Kiingereza ulikuwa na vipindi viwili: [[Picha:European settlements in India 1501-1739.png|thumb|350px|Vituo vya nchi za Ulaya huko Uhindi miaka [[1501]]-[[1937]]]] == Utawala wa [[Kampuni ya Kiingereza kwa Uhindi wa Mashariki]] (British East India Company) == Tarehe [[31 Desemba]] [[1600]] [[malkia]] [[Elizabeth I]] alitoa hati ya ulinzi wa kifalme kwa [[biashara]] kati ya Uingereza na "Uhindi wa Mashariki". Kampuni iliyopokea hati hii ilikuwa kundi la [[mfanyabiashara|wafanyabiashara]] na [[tajiri|matajiri]] wa [[London]] waliovutwa na [[utajiri]] wa nchi za mashariki na hasa na [[faida]] kubwa mikononi mwa wafanyabiashara [[Ureno|Wareno]] na [[Uholanzi|Waholanzi]] waliotangulia katika biashara kati ya [[Ulaya]] na nchi za [[Asia ya Kusini]]. Kampuni ilishindana kibiashara na kivita na wafanyabiashara wa [[Ureno]], wa [[Uholanzi]] na wa [[Ufaransa]]. Iliweza kununua au kuvamia vituo vya biashara na kujenga maboma yake kuanzia mwaka [[1644]] huko [[Bombay]], [[Madras]] na penginepo. Mwaka [[1717]] kampuni ilipata kibali cha mtawala wa [[Moghul]] cha kusamehewa [[kodi]] kwa biashara katika [[Ubengali]]. Tangu mwaka [[1680]] kampuni ilianzisha [[jeshi]] lake la [[askari|maaskari]] Wahindi na kuwa mshiriki katika [[siasa]] ya Uhindi. Kati ya miaka [[1756]] na [[1763]] Uingereza pamoja na mataifa mengine ya Ulaya ilishiriki katika [[Vita ya miaka saba]] iliyokuwa vita ya kwanza ya kimabara. Waingereza walipigana pamoja na [[Prussia]] dhidi ya [[Austria]], [[Ufaransa]], [[Urusi]] na [[Uswidi]]. Jeshi la kampuni liliendesha vita hii dhidi ya maeneo ya Ufaransa katika Uhindi. Wafaransa walishindwa wakabaki na vituo vidogo tu katika miji kama [[Pondicherry]] na [[Mahe]] lakini kampuni iliongeza maeneo yake katika Uhindi. Baada ya mwaka [[1757]] Kampuni ya Kiingereza ilikuwa enzi muhimu, iliweza kushindana hata na nguvu ya Moghul. Ilianza kutawala sehemu kubwa za Uhindi wa Kusini pamoja na Ubengali. Kampuni ilitumia mbinu mbili: * mikataba na madola ya watawala wa Kihindi waliokubali kupokea [[balozi|mabalozi]] wa kampuni kwao waliokuwa kama washauri wakuu wa [[Maharaja]] au [[Nawab]] wa eneo; siasa ya nje na mambo ya jeshi ziliwekwa chini ya kampuni * uvamizi na utawala wa moja kwa moja, maeneo yale yalikuwa mali ya kampuni. Mafaniko makubwa ya kampuni yalisababisha mgogoro huko Uingereza na [[sheria]] mbalimbali za [[bunge la Uingereza]] zililenga kuongeza athira ya [[serikali]] ya Uingereza juu ya shughuli za kampuni. Katika [[karne ya 19]] kampuni ikawa mtawala juu ya sehemu kubwa za Uhindi, ama kwa njia ya mikataba na watawala wa kienyeji au kwa utawala wa moja kwa moja. Kampuni ilianza kubadilisha uso wa India kujenga [[reli]] na kuanzisha [[mawasiliano]] wa kisiasa kwa huduma ya [[posta]] na pia [[simu]] za [[telegrafi]]. Mwaka [[1857]] ilitokea uasi wa wanajeshi Wahindi wa jeshi la kampuni uliosababisha na mkasi wa mabadiliko na dharau ya viongozi Waingereza kwa [[utamaduni]] wa wenyeji. Utawala wa kampuni ulianza kuporomoka; uliokolewa tu kwa kupeleka Uhindi wanajeshi kutoka Uingereza. Uasi ulikomeshwa kwa mabavu. Lakini kuingilia kati kwa serikali ya Uingereza kulikuwa mwisho wa utawala wa kampuni. Mwaka [[1858]] serikali ya London ilichukua [[madaraka]] yote ya kampuni ikafanya Uhindi kuwa [[koloni]] la [[taji]] la Uingereza. [[Picha:Madras Prov South 1909.jpg|thumb|350px|Uhindi wa Kusini au Jimbo la Madras mnamo [[1909]]; [[nyekundu]]:koloni la Uingereza; [[njano]]: madola ya watawala Wahindi chini ya Uingereza (nchi lindwa)]] == Utawala wa kiserikali kati ya [[1858]] hadi [[1947]] == Kuanzia mwaka [[1858]] Uhindi ilitawaliwa kama [[koloni]] la Uingereza. [[Kaisari]] wa mwisho wa Moghul [[Bahadur Shah Zafar II]] aliondolewa nchini. [[Malkia]] [[Viktoria wa Uingereza]] alichukua [[cheo]] chake akaitwa "[[Kaisari]] wa Uhindi" (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: "Empress of India"; kwa [[Kihindi]]: "Padishah-e-Hind") akamwachia [[utawala]] [[gavana]] wake aliyepewa cheo cha "[[makamu wa mfalme]]" (Vice-Roy). Muundo wa utawala uliendelea: Maeneo ya kampuni yalikuwa makoloni ya Uingereza. Maeneo ya watawala Wahindi yalibaki yalivyo lakini kila [[Maharaja]] au [[Nawab]] alipaswa kula [[kiapo]] cha [[utii]] kwa malkia kama Kaisari au malkia mkuu wa Uhindi na kumkubali mshauri Mwingereza katika [[jumba]] lake kama mwakilishi wa Uingereza. Mwisho wa [[karne ya 19]] [[harakati]] za kutafuta [[uhuru]] zilianza upya. Mwaka [[1885]] [[Chama cha kisiasa|chama]] cha INC ([[Indian National Congress]]) iliundwa na [[Wahindu]] na [[Waislamu]] pamoja waliodai uhuru. Mwaka [[1906]] viongozi Waislamu walitoka katika INC na kuunda "[[Shirikisho la Waislamu]]". Mwaka [[1917]] Uingereza ulitamka ya kwamba ulitaka kuelekea polepole hali ya kujitawala kwa Wahindi. Viongozi wa wenyeji hawakuridhika na mkasi wa mabadiliko. Chini ya [[uongozi]] wa [[Mahatma Ghandi]] mwendo wa kupigania uhuru bila mabavu ulipata nguvu. Ghandi alipigania hasa [[umoja]] wa Wahindu na Waislamu lakini alipingwa na viongozi wakali wa pande zote mbili. Baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] Waingereza walikubali kujiondoa katika Uhindi. Swali kubwa lilikuwa kama nchi itabaki kama nchi moja au kama maeneo ya Waislamu yatajitenga. Tarehe 14/[[15 Agosti]] [[1947]] utawala wa Uingereza ulikwisha. Bara Hindi iligawanywa katika nchi mbili za [[Uhindi]] na [[Pakistan]]. Mgawanyo ulikuja na [[vita]] na kumwaga kwa [[damu]] nyingi. Tarehe [[30 Januari]] [[1948]] Ghandi mwenyewe aliuawa na Hindu mkali aliyemchukia kwa sababu alitaka [[usawa]] wa Waislamu na Wahindu. [[Jamii:Historia ya Asia]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Uhindi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Pakistan]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Bangladesh]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Nepal]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Myanmar]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Rudia <a href="/wiki/Uhindi_ya_Kiingereza" title="Uhindi ya Kiingereza">Uhindi ya Kiingereza</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhindi_ya_Kiingereza">https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhindi_ya_Kiingereza</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Sera ya faragha</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kuhusu">Kuhusu Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kanusho_kwa_jumla">Kanusho</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Waunzi programu</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sw.wikipedia.org">takwimu</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Maelezo ya kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uhindi_ya_Kiingereza&action=edit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mtazamo wa rununu</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f7b5ccf54-sdcjw","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.004","walltime":"0.006","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":704,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f7b5ccf54-sdcjw","timestamp":"20241125153950","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>