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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview_of_autocephaly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview_of_autocephaly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview of autocephaly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview_of_autocephaly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autocephaly_in_Eastern_Orthodoxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autocephaly_in_Eastern_Orthodoxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Autocephaly in Eastern Orthodoxy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Autocephaly_in_Eastern_Orthodoxy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Autocephaly in Eastern Orthodoxy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Autocephaly_in_Eastern_Orthodoxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern-era_historical_precedents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern-era_historical_precedents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Modern-era historical precedents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-era_historical_precedents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autocephalous_and_autonomous_Eastern_Orthodox_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autocephalous_and_autonomous_Eastern_Orthodox_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Autocephalous and autonomous Eastern Orthodox churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autocephalous_and_autonomous_Eastern_Orthodox_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_use_of_the_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_use_of_the_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Honorary use of the term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_use_of_the_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Autocephaly</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outokefalie" title="Outokefalie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Outokefalie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9" title="كنيسة مستقلة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كنيسة مستقلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocefal%C3%ADa" title="Autocefalía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Autocefalía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtokefal" title="Avtokefal – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avtokefal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Аўтакефалія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аўтакефалія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Аўтакефалія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аўтакефалія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Автокефалия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Автокефалия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokefalnost" title="Autokefalnost – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Autokefalnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embenniezh" title="Embenniezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Embenniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocef%C3%A0lia" title="Autocefàlia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Autocefàlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokef%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_c%C3%ADrkev" title="Autokefální církev – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Autokefální církev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokefale_kirker" title="Autokefale kirker – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Autokefale kirker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokephalie_(Kirche)" title="Autokephalie (Kirche) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Autokephalie (Kirche)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokefaalne_kirik" title="Autokefaalne kirik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Autokefaalne kirik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B7_%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Αυτοκεφαλία (Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτοκεφαλία (Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocefalia" title="Autocefalia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Autocefalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADtokefalio" title="Aŭtokefalio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭtokefalio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autozefalia" title="Autozefalia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Autozefalia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کلیسا خودمختار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسا خودمختار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_autoc%C3%A9phale" title="Église autocéphale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église autocéphale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosefaly" title="Autosefaly – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Autosefaly" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD_%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="독립 교회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독립 교회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokefalnost" title="Autokefalnost – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Autokefalnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otokefali" title="Otokefali – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Otokefali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocefalia" title="Autocefalia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Autocefalia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="אוטוקפליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוטוקפליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ავტოკეფალია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ავტოკეფალია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Автокефалия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Автокефалия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocephalia" title="Autocephalia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Autocephalia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokef%C4%81lija" title="Autokefālija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Autokefālija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokef%C3%A1lia" title="Autokefália – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Autokefália" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ავტოკეფალია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ავტოკეფალია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swakepala" title="Swakepala – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Swakepala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocefalie" title="Autocefalie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Autocefalie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="独立正教会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="独立正教会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokefale_kirker" title="Autokefale kirker – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Autokefale kirker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokefalia" title="Autokefalia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Autokefalia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtokefal_cherkov" title="Avtokefal cherkov – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Avtokefal cherkov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokefalia" title="Autokefalia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Autokefalia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocefalia" title="Autocefalia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Autocefalia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocefalie" title="Autocefalie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Autocefalie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Автокефалия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Автокефалия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Autocephaly" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtokefalnost" title="Avtokefalnost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avtokefalnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Аутокефалност – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аутокефалност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokefalnost" title="Autokefalnost – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Autokefalnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Category:Eastern Orthodoxy">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)"><img alt="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/140px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/210px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/280px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2744" data-file-height="2900" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator" title="Christ Pantocrator">Christ Pantocrator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Overview</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Theology</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology">History of theology</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Church history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament#Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="Sacrament">Holy Mysteries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">View of salvation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">View of Mary</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon#Eastern_Orthodox_teaching" title="Icon">View of icons</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension<br />of Jesus</a></div></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four Marks of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" title="Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Autonomy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autocephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clergy#Orthodoxy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Eastern_Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Eastern Orthodox Church)">Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Orthodox Church)">Priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon#Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Eastern_Catholicism" title="Deacon">Deacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christian_monasticism#Byzantine_monasticism" title="Eastern Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism" title="Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism">Degrees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_brotherhood" title="Orthodox brotherhood">Bratstvo</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autocephalous</a> jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion: <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Albanian Orthodox Church">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia" title="Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia">Czech Lands and Slovakia</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches <i>de jure</i>: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Archdiocese_of_Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid">North Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukraine (OCU)</a></li></ul> <p>Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)">Ukraine (UOC)</a></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">Autonomous</a> jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sinai" title="Church of Sinai">Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Finland" title="Orthodox Church of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Apostolic_Orthodox_Church" title="Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church">Estonia (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Japan" title="Orthodox Church in Japan">Japan (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Orthodox_Church" title="Chinese Orthodox Church">China (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_the_Americas" title="Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of the Americas">Americas (RP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Bessarabia" title="Metropolis of Bessarabia">Bessarabia (RP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_and_All_Moldova" title="Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova">Moldova (MP)</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Semi-Autonomous: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Crete" title="Church of Crete">Crete (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Moscow_Patriarchate" title="Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate">Estonia (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_of_Russia" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia">ROCOR (MP)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Episcopal assemblies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Australia,_New_Zealand,_and_Oceania" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania">Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Austria" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Belgium,_Holland,_and_Luxembourg" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg">Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Canada" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_France" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Germany" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Italy_and_Malta" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Italy and Malta">Italy and Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Latin_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Scandinavia" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Spain and Portugal">Spain and Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Switzerland and Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America">United States of America</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Noncanonical jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="True Orthodoxy">True Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_Church" title="Catacomb Church">Catacomb Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Calendarists" title="Old Calendarists">Old Calendarists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Orthodox_Catholic_Church" title="American Orthodox Catholic Church">American Orthodox Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_World_Patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="American World Patriarchs">American World Patriarchs</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Churches_that_are_unrecognized" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">National</a> churches:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Orthodox_Church" title="Abkhazian Orthodox Church">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Autocephalous_Orthodox_Church" title="Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Italy" title="Orthodox Church in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Orthodox_Church" title="Latvian Orthodox Church">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Orthodox_Churches_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Orthodox Churches in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Orthodox Church">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate">UOC–KP</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Orthodox_Church" title="Evangelical Orthodox Church">Evangelical Orthodox</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First Seven Ecumenical Councils</a>:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Seventh</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Other possible ecumenical councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Eastern_Orthodox)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Fifth Council of Constantinople">Ninth</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Other important councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quinisext_Council" title="Quinisext Council">Quinisext Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jassy" title="Synod of Jassy">Jassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Moscow_Synod" title="Great Moscow Synod">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jerusalem_(1672)" title="Synod of Jerusalem (1672)">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constantinople_(1872)" title="Council of Constantinople (1872)">Constantinople (1872)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Christianization of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Christianization of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Christianization of Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_North_America" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in North America">North America</a></li> <li>Moscow–Constantinople schism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th%E2%80%9316th_century_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism">15th–16th c.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="1996 Moscow–Constantinople schism">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology">History of Eastern Orthodox theology</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology_in_the_20th_century" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century">20th century (Neo-Palamism)</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apophatic_theology" title="Apophatic theology">Apophaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">Chrismation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_contemplation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian contemplation">Contemplative prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essence%E2%80%93energies_distinction" title="Essence–energies distinction">Essence vs. Energies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Holy Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metousiosis" title="Metousiosis">Metousiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Mystical theology">Mystical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepsis" title="Nepsis">Nepsis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Economy_(religion)" title="Economy (religion)">Oikonomia</a></i> vs <i><a href="/wiki/Akribeia" title="Akribeia">Akribeia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ousia" title="Ousia">Ousia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamism" title="Palamism">Palamism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philokalia" title="Philokalia">Philokalia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phronema" title="Phronema">Phronema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_view_of_sin" title="Eastern Orthodox view of sin">Sin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">Theosis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theological_differences_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church">Differences from the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_teaching_regarding_the_Filioque" title="Eastern Orthodox teaching regarding the Filioque">Opposition to the Filioque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_opposition_to_papal_supremacy" title="Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy">Opposition to papal supremacy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgy and worship</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Service (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Divine Services</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akathist" title="Akathist">Akathist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apolytikion" title="Apolytikion">Apolytikion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectenia" title="Ectenia">Ectenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy water in Eastern Christianity">Holy Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconostasis" title="Iconostasis">Iconostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontakion" title="Kontakion">Kontakion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)" title="Entrance (liturgical)">Liturgical entrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_fan_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical fan in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Liturgical fans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lity_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lity in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Lity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_service_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Memorial service in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Memorial service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_Eternal" title="Memory Eternal">Memory Eternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">Omophorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowing_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Bowing in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox bowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Marriage in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxis_(Byzantine_Rite)" title="Praxis (Byzantine Rite)">Praxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraklesis" title="Paraklesis">Paraklesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_greeting" title="Paschal greeting">Paschal greeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Homily" title="Paschal Homily">Paschal Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Paschal troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_rope" title="Prayer rope">Prayer rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphora" title="Prosphora">Prosphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_bell_ringing" title="Russian Orthodox bell ringing">Russian bell ringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantron" title="Semantron">Semantron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross#Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticheron" title="Sticheron">Sticheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troparion" title="Troparion">Troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment#Byzantine_Rite" title="Vestment">Vestments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible#Byzantine_Rite" title="Thurible">Use of incense</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Liturgical calendar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_cycle" title="Paschal cycle">Paschal cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_feasts_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church">12 Great Feasts</a></li> <li>Other feasts:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Orthodoxy" title="Feast of Orthodoxy">Feast of Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_the_Theotokos" title="Intercession of the Theotokos">Intercession of the Theotokos</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>The four fasting periods:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Apostles' Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_Fast" class="mw-redirect" title="Dormition Fast">Dormition Fast</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_saints" title="List of Eastern Orthodox saints">Saints</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_saints_(until_15th_century)" title="List of Russian saints (until 15th century)">Russian (until 15th century)</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_saints_in_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="List of saints in the Russian Orthodox Church">Russian (post-15th century)</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Serbian saints">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Eastern_Orthodox_saints" title="List of American Eastern Orthodox saints">American</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_the_Syrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephraim the Syrian">Ephraim the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_the_Studite" title="Theodore the Studite">Theodore the Studite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassia" title="Kassia">Kassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photius_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Photius I of Constantinople">Photius I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_the_Great" title="Vladimir the Great">Vladimir the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sava_I_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sava I of Serbia">Sava I of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Palamas" title="Gregory Palamas">Gregory Palamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocent_of_Alaska" title="Innocent of Alaska">Innocent of Alaska</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_church_architecture" title="Eastern Orthodox church architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Orthodoxy" title="Folk Orthodoxy">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical_of_the_Eastern_Patriarchs" title="Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs">Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_saint_titles" title="List of Eastern Orthodox saint titles">Saint titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_by_country" title="Eastern Orthodoxy by country">Statistics by country</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Template:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Template talk:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Autocephaly</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>; from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i> </i>αὐτοκεφαλία<i> (autokephalia)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">self-headed</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the status of a <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">hierarchical</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian church">Christian church</a> whose head <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> does not report to any higher-ranking bishop.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is primarily used in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a> Churches. The status has been compared with that of the churches (<a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_province" title="Ecclesiastical province">provinces</a>) within the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvis201626GrosMcManusRiggs1998176Haselmayer19488Lawrence1963124_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvis201626GrosMcManusRiggs1998176Haselmayer19488Lawrence1963124-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview_of_autocephaly">Overview of autocephaly</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocephaly&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview of autocephaly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the first centuries of the history of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian church">Christian church</a>, the autocephalous status of a local church was promulgated by canons of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">ecumenical councils</a>. There developed the <a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">pentarchy</a>, i.e., a model of ecclesiastical organization where the universal Church was governed by the primates (<a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarchs</a>) of the five major <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">episcopal sees</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>: <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Antioch" title="Church of Antioch">Antioch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Pentarchy"2001_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Pentarchy"2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The independent (autocephalous) position of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Church of Cyprus</a> by ancient custom was recognized against the claims of the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch" title="Patriarch of Antioch">Patriarch of Antioch</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a> (431); it is unclear whether the Church of Cyprus had always been independent, or was once part of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch">Church of Antioch</a>. When the Patriarch of Antioch claimed the Church of Cyprus was under its jurisdiction, the Cypriot clergy denounced this before the Council of Ephesus. The Council ratified the autocephaly of the Church of Cyprus by a resolution which conditionally states: "If, as it is asserted in memorials and orally by the religious men who have come before the Council - it has not been a continuous ancient custom for the bishop of Antioch to hold ordinations in Cyprus, - the prelates of Cyprus shall enjoy, free from molestation and violence, their right to perform by themselves the ordination of bishops [for their island]". After the Council of Ephesus, the Church of Antioch never again claimed that Cyprus was under its jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church of Cyprus has since been governed by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_archbishops_of_Cyprus" title="List of archbishops of Cyprus">Archbishop of Cyprus</a>, who is not subject to any higher ecclesiastical authority. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autocephaly_in_Eastern_Orthodoxy">Autocephaly in Eastern Orthodoxy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocephaly&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Autocephaly in Eastern Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Church organization">Eastern Orthodox Church organization</a></div><p>In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>, the right to grant autocephaly is nowadays a contested issue, the main opponents in the dispute being the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate</a>, which claims this right as its prerogative,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1991_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-athenagletter_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-athenagletter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> (the Moscow Patriarchate), which insists that one autocephalous jurisdiction has the right to grant independence to one of its components.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanderson2005144_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanderson2005144-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">Orthodox Church in America</a> was granted autocephaly in 1970 by the Moscow Patriarchate, but this new status was not recognized by most patriarchates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovorun201782,_126Sanderson2005130,_144_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovorun201782,_126Sanderson2005130,_144-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval period">medieval period</a>, Orthodox empires wanted their church to be "equal" to the state and declare their own patriarchates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimitrov201051_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimitrov201051-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">modern era</a>, the issue of autocephaly has been closely linked to the issue of <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> and political independence of a nation; self-proclamation of autocephaly was normally followed by a long period of non-recognition and <a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">schism</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Mother_church" title="Mother church">mother church</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern-era_historical_precedents">Modern-era historical precedents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocephaly&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern-era historical precedents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1832" title="London Conference of 1832">establishment</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">independent Greece</a> in 1832, the Greek government in 1833 unilaterally proclaimed the Orthodox church in the kingdom (until then within the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate) to be autocephalous; but it was not until June 1850 that the mother church (i.e. the Ecumenical Patriarchate), under the Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Anthimus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus IV of Constantinople">Anthimus IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomos_dated_June_29,_1850" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomos dated June 29, 1850">recognized this status</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaragiannēs199724_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaragiannēs199724-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1872, the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a>, set up by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> government two years prior, broke away from the Ecumenical Patriarchate, following the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Revolutionary_Central_Committee" title="Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee">start of the people's struggle</a> for national self-determination. The <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgarian Church</a> was recognized in 1945 as an autocephalous patriarchate, following the end of World War II and after decades of schism. By that time, Bulgaria was ruled by the Communist party and was behind the "<a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>" of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> (1878), which established <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Serbia</a>'s political independence, full ecclesiastical independence for the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitanate_of_Belgrade" title="Metropolitanate of Belgrade">Metropolitanate of Belgrade</a> was negotiated and recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 1879. Additionally, in the course of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Austrian_Empire" title="Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire">1848 revolution</a>, following the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Vojvodina" title="Serbian Vojvodina">Serbian Vojvodina</a> (<i>Serbian Duchy</i>) within the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> in May 1848, the autocephalous <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Karlovci" title="Patriarchate of Karlovci">Patriarchate of Karlovci</a> was instituted by the Austrian government. It was abolished in 1920, shortly after the dissolution of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> in 1918 following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">the Great War</a>. Vojvodina was then incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</a>. The Patriarchate of Karlovci was merged into the newly united <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> under Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Dimitrije,_Serbian_Patriarch" title="Dimitrije, Serbian Patriarch">Dimitrije</a> residing in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, the capital of the new country that comprised all the Serb-populated lands. </p><p>The autocephalous status of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Church</a>, legally mandated by the local authorities in 1865, was recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 1885, following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">international recognition</a> of the independence of the <a href="/wiki/United_Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="United Principalities">United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a>) in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHitchins199492_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHitchins199492-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late March 1917, following the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">abdication</a> of the Russian tsar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a> earlier that month and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Transcaucasian_Committee" title="Special Transcaucasian Committee">Special Transcaucasian Committee</a>, the bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_within_the_Russian_Empire" title="Georgia within the Russian Empire">Georgia, then within the Russian Empire</a>, unilaterally proclaimed independence of the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodox Church</a>. This was not recognized by the Moscow Patriarchate until 1943, nor by the Ecumenical Patriarchate until 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrdzelidze2010172Grdzelidze201261_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrdzelidze2010172Grdzelidze201261-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1922, <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodoxy in Albania">Albanian Orthodox</a> clergy and laymen proclaimed autocephaly of the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Autocephalous_Church_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania">Church of Albania</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Congress_(Albania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Congress (Albania)">Great Congress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berat" title="Berat">Berat</a>. The church was recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in 1937. </p><p>The independent <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate">Kyiv Patriarchate</a> was proclaimed in 1992, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Ukraine" title="Declaration of Independence of Ukraine">proclamation of independence</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the USSR">dissolution of the USSR</a> in 1991. The Moscow Patriarchate has condemned it as schismatic, as it <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)">claims jurisdiction over Ukraine</a>. Some Orthodox churches have not yet recognized Ukraine as autocephalous. <a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">In 2018, the problem of autocephaly in Ukraine became a fiercely contested issue</a> and a part of the overall <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations#Euromaidan_and_aftermath" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">geopolitical confrontation</a> between Russia and Ukraine, as well as between the Moscow Patriarchate and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bloombergclergy_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloombergclergy-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autocephalous_and_autonomous_Eastern_Orthodox_churches">Autocephalous and autonomous Eastern Orthodox churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocephaly&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Autocephalous and autonomous Eastern Orthodox churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autonomy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" title="Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Organization_of_Autocephalus_Eastern_Orthodox_Churches_(January_2020).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Organization of Orthodox Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Organization_of_Autocephalus_Eastern_Orthodox_Churches_%28January_2020%29.svg/660px-Organization_of_Autocephalus_Eastern_Orthodox_Churches_%28January_2020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="660" height="431" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Organization_of_Autocephalus_Eastern_Orthodox_Churches_%28January_2020%29.svg/990px-Organization_of_Autocephalus_Eastern_Orthodox_Churches_%28January_2020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Organization_of_Autocephalus_Eastern_Orthodox_Churches_%28January_2020%29.svg/1320px-Organization_of_Autocephalus_Eastern_Orthodox_Churches_%28January_2020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="5345" /></a><figcaption>Diagram with the organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church as of 2020</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_use_of_the_term">Honorary use of the term</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocephaly&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honorary use of the term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, within the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>, adjective <i>autocephalous</i> was sometimes also used as an honorary designation, without connotations to real autocephaly. Such uses occurred in very specific situations. If a <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">diocesan bishop</a> was exempt from <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> of his metropolitan, and also transferred to the direct jurisdiction of the patriarchal throne, such bishop would be styled as an "autocephalous archbishop" (self-headed, just in terms of not having a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChrysos1969263–286_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChrysos1969263–286-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such honorary uses of the adjective <i>autocephalous</i> were recorded in various <i><a href="/wiki/Notitiae_Episcopatuum" title="Notitiae Episcopatuum">Notitiae Episcopatuum</a></i> and other sources, mainly from the early medieval period. For example, until the end of the 8th century, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Amorium" title="Amorium">Amorium</a> was under the jurisdiction of metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Pessinus" title="Pessinus">Pessinus</a>, but was later exempt and placed under direct patriarchal jurisdiction. On that occasion, he was given an honorary title of an <i>autocephalous archbishop</i>, but with no jurisdiction over other bishops, and thus no real autocephaly. Sometime later (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 814</span>), metropolitan province of Amorium was created, and local archbishop gained regional jurisdiction as a metropolitan, still having no autocephaly since his province was under supreme jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomatina2013195–214_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomatina2013195–214-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocephaly&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" title="Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic particular churches">Catholic particular churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregationalist_polity" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist polity">Congregationalist polity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Church organization">Eastern Orthodox Church organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocephaly&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocephaly&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSwedbergAgevall2005" class="citation book cs1">Swedberg, Richard; Agevall, Ola (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Max_Weber_Dictionary/_c3Mcnh8hCgC?hl=en&gbpv=0"><i>The Max Weber Dictionary: Key Words and Central Concepts</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5095-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5095-0"><bdi>978-0-8047-5095-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Max+Weber+Dictionary%3A+Key+Words+and+Central+Concepts&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-5095-0&rft.aulast=Swedberg&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Agevall%2C+Ola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Max_Weber_Dictionary%2F_c3Mcnh8hCgC%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatte2019" class="citation book cs1">Patte, Daniel (20 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Cambridge_Dictionary_of_Christianity/6dXaDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0"><i>The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity, Two Volume Set</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5326-8943-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5326-8943-7"><bdi>978-1-5326-8943-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Dictionary+of+Christianity%2C+Two+Volume+Set&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2019-11-20&rft.isbn=978-1-5326-8943-7&rft.aulast=Patte&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Cambridge_Dictionary_of_Christianity%2F6dXaDwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvis201626GrosMcManusRiggs1998176Haselmayer19488Lawrence1963124-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvis201626GrosMcManusRiggs1998176Haselmayer19488Lawrence1963124_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvis2016">Avis 2016</a>, p. 26; <a href="#CITEREFGrosMcManusRiggs1998">Gros, McManus & Riggs 1998</a>, p. 176; <a href="#CITEREFHaselmayer1948">Haselmayer 1948</a>, p. 8; <a href="#CITEREFLawrence1963">Lawrence 1963</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Pentarchy"2001-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Pentarchy"2001_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF"Pentarchy"2001">"Pentarchy" 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDowney1958" class="citation journal cs1">Downey, Glanville (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/985575">"The Claim of Antioch to Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction over Cyprus"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i>. <b>102</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">224–</span>228. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-049X">0003-049X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/985575">985575</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Claim+of+Antioch+to+Ecclesiastical+Jurisdiction+over+Cyprus&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E224-%3C%2Fspan%3E228&rft.date=1958&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F985575%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0003-049X&rft.aulast=Downey&rft.aufirst=Glanville&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F985575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1991-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1991_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson1991">Erickson 1991</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-athenagletter-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-athenagletter_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orthodoxhistory.org/2018/09/21/1970-letter-from-ecumenical-patriarch-athenagoras-on-autocephaly/">1970 Letter from Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras on Autocephaly</a>. / The letter of Ecumenical Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Athenagoras_I_of_Constantinople" title="Athenagoras I of Constantinople">Athenagoras</a> of 24 June 1970 to Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Pimen_I_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Pimen I of Moscow">Pimen</a>, Locum Tenens of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Moscow Patriarchate</a>, regarding the granting of autocephaly to the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">Orthodox Church in America</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanderson2005144-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanderson2005144_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanderson2005">Sanderson 2005</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJillions2016" class="citation web cs1">Jillions, John (7 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oca.org/news/headline-news/the-tomos-of-autocephaly-forty-six-years-later">"The Tomos of Autocephaly: Forty-Six Years Later"</a>. Orthodox Church in America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160615062739/https://oca.org/news/headline-news/the-tomos-of-autocephaly-forty-six-years-later">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tomos+of+Autocephaly%3A+Forty-Six+Years+Later&rft.pub=Orthodox+Church+in+America&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft.aulast=Jillions&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foca.org%2Fnews%2Fheadline-news%2Fthe-tomos-of-autocephaly-forty-six-years-later&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovorun201782,_126Sanderson2005130,_144-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovorun201782,_126Sanderson2005130,_144_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovorun2017">Hovorun 2017</a>, pp. 82, 126; <a href="#CITEREFSanderson2005">Sanderson 2005</a>, pp. 130, 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimitrov201051-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimitrov201051_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDimitrov2010">Dimitrov 2010</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaragiannēs199724-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaragiannēs199724_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaragiannēs1997">Karagiannēs 1997</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHitchins199492-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHitchins199492_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHitchins1994">Hitchins 1994</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrdzelidze2010172Grdzelidze201261-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrdzelidze2010172Grdzelidze201261_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrdzelidze2010">Grdzelidze 2010</a>, p. 172; <a href="#CITEREFGrdzelidze2012">Grdzelidze 2012</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ng.ru/ng_religii/2017-03-15/15_417_georgia.html">"Автокефалия на волне революции: Грузинское православие в орбите Российской церкви"</a>. <i>Nezavisimaya Gazeta</i> (in Russian). 15 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nezavisimaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8&rft.date=2017-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ng.ru%2Fng_religii%2F2017-03-15%2F15_417_georgia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patriarchate.org/-/ekklesia-tes-georgias">"Αἱ λοιπαί Αὐτοκέφαλοι Ἐκκλησίαι: Ἐκκλησία τῆς Γεωργίας"</a> [Other Autocephalous Churches: Church of Georgia] (in Greek). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Russian+Cyberspies+Spent+Years+Targeting+Orthodox+Clergy&rft.date=2018-08-27&rft.aulast=Satter&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-08-27%2Funholy-hackers-orthodox-clergy-targeted-by-russian-spies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChrysos1969263–286-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChrysos1969263–286_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChrysos1969">Chrysos 1969</a>, pp. 263–286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomatina2013195–214-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomatina2013195–214_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKomatina2013">Komatina 2013</a>, pp. 195–214.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocephaly&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAvis2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Avis" title="Paul Avis">Avis, Paul</a> (2016). <i>The Vocation of Anglicanism</i>. London: T&T Clark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-66463-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-66463-1"><bdi>978-0-567-66463-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vocation+of+Anglicanism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-567-66463-1&rft.aulast=Avis&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChrysos1969" class="citation journal cs1">Chrysos, Evangelos K. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bz-1969-0204/html">"Zur Entstehung der Institution der autokephalen Erzbistümer"</a>. <i>Byzantinische Zeitschrift</i>. <b>62</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">263–</span>286. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fbz-1969-0204">10.1515/bz-1969-0204</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194081942">194081942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byzantinische+Zeitschrift&rft.atitle=Zur+Entstehung+der+Institution+der+autokephalen+Erzbist%C3%BCmer&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E263-%3C%2Fspan%3E286&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fbz-1969-0204&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194081942%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chrysos&rft.aufirst=Evangelos+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fbz-1969-0204%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDimitrov2010" class="citation book cs1">Dimitrov, Ivan Zhelev (2010). "Bulgarian Christianity". In Parry, Ken (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. <span class="nowrap">47–</span>72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444333619" title="Special:BookSources/9781444333619"><bdi>9781444333619</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bulgarian+Christianity&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Eastern+Christianity&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E47-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781444333619&rft.aulast=Dimitrov&rft.aufirst=Ivan+Zhelev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfWp9JA3aBvcC%26newbks%3D1%26newbks_redir%3D0%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErickson1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._Erickson" title="John H. Erickson">Erickson, John H.</a> (1991). <i>The Challenge of Our Past: Studies in Orthodox Canon Law and Church History</i>. Crestwood, New York: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88141-086-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88141-086-0"><bdi>978-0-88141-086-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Challenge+of+Our+Past%3A+Studies+in+Orthodox+Canon+Law+and+Church+History&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+New+York&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-88141-086-0&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErickson1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._Erickson" title="John H. Erickson"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.25em;">———</span> </a> (1999). <i>Orthodox Christians in America: A Short History</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> (published 2010). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-995132-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-995132-1"><bdi>978-0-19-995132-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orthodox+Christians+in+America%3A+A+Short+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-995132-1&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrdzelidze2010" class="citation journal cs1">Grdzelidze, Tamara (2010). "The Orthodox Church of Georgia: Challenges Under Democracy and Freedom (1990–2009)". <i>International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church</i>. <b>10</b> (<span class="nowrap">2–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">160–</span>175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1474225X.2010.487719">10.1080/1474225X.2010.487719</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1747-0234">1747-0234</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143474746">143474746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.atitle=The+Orthodox+Church+of+Georgia%3A+Challenges+Under+Democracy+and+Freedom+%281990%E2%80%932009%29&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E160-%3C%2Fspan%3E175&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143474746%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1747-0234&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1474225X.2010.487719&rft.aulast=Grdzelidze&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrdzelidze2012" class="citation book cs1"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.25em;">———</span>  (2012). "The Georgian Tradition". In Casiday, Augustine (ed.). <i>The Orthodox Christian World</i>. Abingdon, England: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">58–</span>65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-45516-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-45516-9"><bdi>978-0-415-45516-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Georgian+Tradition&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Christian+World&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+England&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E58-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-45516-9&rft.aulast=Grdzelidze&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrosMcManusRiggs1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Gros" title="Jeffrey Gros">Gros, Jeffrey</a>; McManus, Eamon; Riggs, Ann (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoec0000gros"><i>Introduction to Ecumenism</i></a></span>. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3794-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3794-7"><bdi>978-0-8091-3794-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Ecumenism&rft.place=Mahwah%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-3794-7&rft.aulast=Gros&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=McManus%2C+Eamon&rft.au=Riggs%2C+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoec0000gros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaselmayer1948" class="citation book cs1">Haselmayer, Louis A. (1948). <i>Lambeth and Unity</i>. 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Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5326-0753-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5326-0753-0"><bdi>978-1-5326-0753-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scaffolds+of+the+Church%3A+Towards+Poststructural+Ecclesiology&rft.place=Eugene%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-5326-0753-0&rft.aulast=Hovorun&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaragiannēs1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Karagiannēs, Giōrgos (1997). <i>Ekklēsia kai kratos, 1833–1997: Historikē episkopēsē tōn scheseōn tous</i>. To Pontiki (in Greek). Athens. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-8402-49-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-960-8402-49-2"><bdi>978-960-8402-49-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ekkl%C4%93sia+kai+kratos%2C+1833%E2%80%931997%3A+Historik%C4%93+episkop%C4%93s%C4%93+t%C5%8Dn+schese%C5%8Dn+tous&rft.place=Athens&rft.series=To+Pontiki&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-960-8402-49-2&rft.aulast=Karagiann%C4%93s&rft.aufirst=Gi%C5%8Drgos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKomatina2013" class="citation journal cs1">Komatina, Predrag (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0584-9888/2013/0584-98881301195K.pdf">"Date of the Composition of the Notitiae Episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae nos. 4, 5 and 6"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Зборник радова Византолошког института</i>. <b>50</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">195–</span>214.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%97%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.atitle=Date+of+the+Composition+of+the+Notitiae+Episcopatuum+Ecclesiae+Constantinopolitanae+nos.+4%2C+5+and+6&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E195-%3C%2Fspan%3E214&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Komatina&rft.aufirst=Predrag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doiserbia.nb.rs%2Fimg%2Fdoi%2F0584-9888%2F2013%2F0584-98881301195K.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1963" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, John (1963). "Anglicans and Orthodoxy". In <a href="/wiki/A._H._Armstrong" title="A. H. Armstrong">Armstrong, A. H.</a>; Fry, E. J. B. (eds.). <i>Re-Discovering Eastern Christendom: Essays in Commemoration of Dom Bede Winslow</i>. London: Darton Longman & Todd. pp. 119ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anglicans+and+Orthodoxy&rft.btitle=Re-Discovering+Eastern+Christendom%3A+Essays+in+Commemoration+of+Dom+Bede+Winslow&rft.place=London&rft.pages=119ff&rft.pub=Darton+Longman+%26+Todd&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6J_YAAAAMAAJ"><i>Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.</i></a> Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780881410563" title="Special:BookSources/9780881410563"><bdi>9780881410563</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+unity+and+Christian+divisions%3A+The+Church+450%E2%80%93680+A.D.&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780881410563&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6J_YAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF"Pentarchy"2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9059117/pentarchy">"Pentarchy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pentarchy&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9059117%2Fpentarchy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanderson2005" class="citation thesis cs1">Sanderson, Charles Wegener (2005). <i>Autocephaly as a Function of Institutional Stability and Organizational Change in the Eastern Orthodox Church</i> (PhD diss.). College Park, Maryland: University of Maryland, College Park. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1903%2F2340">1903/2340</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Autocephaly+as+a+Function+of+Institutional+Stability+and+Organizational+Change+in+the+Eastern+Orthodox+Church&rft.inst=University+of+Maryland%2C+College+Park&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1903%2F2340&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=Charles+Wegener&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchaffWace1900" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schaff" title="Philip Schaff">Schaff, Philip</a>; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wace_(priest)" title="Henry Wace (priest)">Wace, Henry</a>, eds. (1900). <a href="/wiki/Nicene_and_Post-Nicene_Fathers" title="Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers"><i>A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church</i></a>. Series 2. Vol. 14: The Seven Ecumenical Councils. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers (published 1995). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56563-130-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56563-130-4"><bdi>978-1-56563-130-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Select+Library+of+the+Nicene+and+Post-Nicene+Fathers+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.place=Peabody%2C+Massachusetts&rft.series=Series+2&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers&rft.date=1900&rft.isbn=978-1-56563-130-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocephaly&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPapakonstantinou1999" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Papakonstantinou, Christoporos (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch0001unse_t6f2/page/173">"Autocephaly"</a>. In Fahlbusch, Erwin; Lochman, Jan Milič; <a href="/wiki/John_Mbiti" title="John Mbiti">Mbiti, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Pelikan" title="Jaroslav Pelikan">Pelikan, Jaroslav</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lukas_Vischer_(theologian)" title="Lukas Vischer (theologian)">Vischer, Lukas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_W._Bromiley" title="Geoffrey W. Bromiley">Bromiley, Geoffrey W.</a>; Barrett, David B. (eds.). <i>Encyclopedia of Christianity</i>. Vol. 1. Translated by Bromiley, Geoffrey W. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch0001unse_t6f2/page/173">173</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2413-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2413-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-2413-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Autocephaly&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2413-4&rft.aulast=Papakonstantinou&rft.aufirst=Christoporos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofch0001unse_t6f2%2Fpage%2F173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShahan1907" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Joseph_Shahan" title="Thomas Joseph Shahan">Shahan, Thomas J.</a> (1907). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Autocephali"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Autocephali">"Autocephali" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Herbermann" title="Charles George Herbermann">Herbermann, Charles G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Pace" title="Edward A. Pace">Pace, Edward A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Benoist_Pallen" title="Condé Benoist Pallen">Pallen, Condé B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Joseph_Shahan" title="Thomas Joseph Shahan">Shahan, Thomas J.</a>; Wynne, John J. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 2. New York: Encyclopedia Press (published 1913). pp. <span class="nowrap">142–</span>143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Autocephali&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E142-%3C%2Fspan%3E143&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Press&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Shahan&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhukovsky1984" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Zhukovsky, Arkadii (1984). "Autocephaly". In <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Kubiyovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr Kubiyovych">Kubiyovych, Volodymyr</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Ukraine</i>. Vol. 1. Toronto: University of Toronto. pp. <span class="nowrap">141–</span>142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-3280-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-3280-6"><bdi>978-1-4426-3280-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Autocephaly&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Ukraine&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E141-%3C%2Fspan%3E142&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-3280-6&rft.aulast=Zhukovsky&rft.aufirst=Arkadii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutocephaly" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>A. Schmemann, “A Meaningful Storm: Some Reflections on Autocephaly, Tradition, and Ecclesiology,” SVTQ 15 (1971) 3–27</li> <li>Philip Walters (2002) Notes on Autocephaly and Phyletism, 30:4, 357–364, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09637490120103320">10.1080/09637490120103320</a></li> <li>Papakonstantinou. (2011). Autocephaly. In Encyclopedia of Christianity Online. Leiden, Koninklijke Brill NV <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F2211-2685_eco_A776">10.1163/2211-2685_eco_A776</a></li> <li>Tudorie. (2020). The time has come : debates over the autocephaly of the OCA reflected in St Vladimir’s quarterly (Tudorie, Ed.). St Vladimir’s Seminary Press.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autocephalous churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Four ancient patriarchates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Alexandria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Theodore_II_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria">Theodore II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_X_of_Antioch" title="John X of Antioch">John X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Theophilos_III_of_Jerusalem" title="Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem">Theophilos III</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Junior <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">patriarchates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow">Kirill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porfirije,_Serbian_Patriarch" title="Porfirije, Serbian Patriarch">Porfirije</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniil_of_Bulgaria" title="Daniil of Bulgaria">Daniil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Daniel_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Daniel of Romania">Daniel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilia_II_of_Georgia" title="Ilia II of Georgia">Ilia II</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autocephalous<br /><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archdioceses</a>/<a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(religious_jurisdiction)" title="Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)">metropolises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_III_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of Cyprus">George III</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ieronymos_II_of_Athens" title="Ieronymos II of Athens">Ieronymos II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Albanian Orthodox Church">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Pelushi" title="John Pelushi">John Pelushi</a> <i>Locum Tenens</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sawa_(Hrycuniak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawa (Hrycuniak)">Sawa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia" title="Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia">Czech Lands and Slovakia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rastislav_(Gont)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastislav (Gont)">Rastislav</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">America</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tikhon_Mollard" title="Tikhon Mollard">Tikhon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_I_of_Ukraine" title="Epiphanius I of Ukraine">Epiphanius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Archdiocese_of_Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid">North Macedonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stefan,_Archbishop_of_Ohrid_and_Macedonia" title="Stefan, Archbishop of Ohrid and Macedonia">Stefan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ByzantineCross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/60px-ByzantineCross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/90px-ByzantineCross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/120px-ByzantineCross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" title="Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Autonomous churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sinai" title="Church of Sinai">Sinai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Finland" title="Orthodox Church of Finland">Finland (Ecumenical Patriarchate)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Apostolic_Orthodox_Church" title="Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church">Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Japan" title="Orthodox Church in Japan">Japan (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Orthodox_Church" title="Chinese Orthodox Church">China (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)">Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_the_Americas" title="Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of the Americas">Americas (Romanian Patriarchate)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Bessarabia" title="Metropolis of Bessarabia">Bessarabia (Romanian Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_and_All_Moldova" title="Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova">Moldova (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span style="background:#ddddff">Semi-autonomous churches</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Crete" title="Church of Crete">Crete (Ecumenical Patriarchate)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_of_Russia" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia">Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Orthodox_episcopal_assemblies" title="Category:Eastern Orthodox episcopal assemblies">Diaspora<br />Assemblies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Australia,_New_Zealand,_and_Oceania" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania">Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Austria" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Austria">Austria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Belgium,_Holland,_and_Luxembourg" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg">Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Canada" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Canada">Canada</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_France" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of France">France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Germany" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Germany">Germany</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain and Ireland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Italy_and_Malta" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Italy and Malta">Italy and Malta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Latin_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Latin America">Latin America</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Scandinavia" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Spain and Portugal">Spain and Portugal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Switzerland and Liechtenstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America">United States of America</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">State church of the Roman Empire</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Schism_of_the_Russian_Church" title="Schism of the Russian Church">Raskol</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_Church" title="Catacomb Church">Catacomb Church</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Old_Calendarists" title="Old Calendarists">Old Calendarists</a></dd> <dd>Moscow–Constantinople schisms <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/15th%E2%80%9316th_century_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism">15th–16th c.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="1996 Moscow–Constantinople schism">1996</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_John_Chrysostom" title="Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom">Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Basil" title="Liturgy of Saint Basil">Liturgy of Saint Basil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">Liturgy of Saint James</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Cyril" title="Liturgy of Saint Cyril">Liturgy of Saint Mark</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Unrecognized_churches" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Unrecognized Eastern Orthodox churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_by_country" title="Eastern Orthodoxy by country">Eastern Orthodoxy by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n0-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n0_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The ROC <a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">severed full communion</a> with the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 2018, and later severed full communion with the <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primates</a> of the Church of Greece, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and the Church of Cyprus in 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_23-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_23-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n3-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n3_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UOC-MP was moved to formally cut ties with the ROC as of May 27th 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n2_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Semi-autonomous part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> whose autonomy is not universally recognized.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7c4c86c76b-bkmwg","wgBackendResponseTime":155,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.812","walltime":"0.970","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6148,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":175883,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":20272,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":227425,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 844.965 1 -total"," 18.09% 152.828 1 Template:Eastern_Orthodox_sidebar"," 17.87% 151.013 3 Template:Reflist"," 17.16% 144.959 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 16.33% 138.022 15 Template:Cite_book"," 14.06% 118.801 2 Template:Navbox"," 11.16% 94.321 1 Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_footer"," 9.13% 77.139 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.48% 54.764 22 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\"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7d5db9ff5-4nqwh","timestamp":"20250303105822","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Autocephaly","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autocephaly","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q191903","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q191903","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-10-12T01:47:41Z","dateModified":"2025-02-18T16:48:19Z","headline":"Eastern Christian hierarchical practice"}</script> </body> </html>