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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priesthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priesthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Priesthood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priesthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Episcopate_in_Sasima_and_Nazianzus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Episcopate_in_Sasima_and_Nazianzus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Episcopate in Sasima and Nazianzus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Episcopate_in_Sasima_and_Nazianzus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gregory_at_Constantinople" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gregory_at_Constantinople"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Gregory at Constantinople</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gregory_at_Constantinople-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Ecumenical_Council_and_retirement_to_Nazianzus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Ecumenical_Council_and_retirement_to_Nazianzus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Second Ecumenical Council and retirement to Nazianzus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Ecumenical_Council_and_retirement_to_Nazianzus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theological_and_other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theological_and_other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Theological and other works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theological_and_other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Relics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feast_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feast_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Feast days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feast_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gregory of Nazianzus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="غريغوريوس النزينزي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غريغوريوس النزينزي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Գրիգոր Նազիանզացի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գրիգոր Նազիանզացի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriu_Naciancenu" title="Gregoriu Naciancenu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gregoriu Naciancenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qriqor_Nazianzin" title="Qriqor Nazianzin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qriqor Nazianzin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Грыгорый Багаслоў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грыгорый Багаслоў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григорий Богослов – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Григорий Богослов" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_vo_Nazianz" title="Gregor vo Nazianz – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gregor vo Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregori_de_Nazianz" title="Gregori de Nazianz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gregori de Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nacianceno" title="Gregorio Nacianceno – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gregorio Nacianceno" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98eho%C5%99_z_Nazianzu" title="Řehoř z Nazianzu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řehoř z Nazianzu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_fra_Nazianz" title="Gregor fra Nazianz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gregor fra Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_von_Nazianz" title="Gregor von Nazianz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gregor von Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B6%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Άγιος Γρηγόριος Ναζιανζηνός ο Θεολόγος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άγιος Γρηγόριος Ναζιανζηνός ο Θεολόγος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nacianceno" title="Gregorio Nacianceno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gregorio Nacianceno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_de_Nazianco" title="Gregorio de Nazianco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gregorio de Nazianco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nazianzokoa" title="Gregorio Nazianzokoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gregorio Nazianzokoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="گریگوری نازیانزنوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گریگوری نازیانزنوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_de_Nazianze" title="Grégoire de Nazianze – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grégoire de Nazianze" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoarius_fan_Nazianze" title="Gregoarius fan Nazianze – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gregoarius fan Nazianze" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh_Gr%C3%A9ag%C3%B3ir_Nazianzus" title="Naomh Gréagóir Nazianzus – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Naomh Gréagóir Nazianzus" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nacianceno" title="Gregorio Nacianceno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gregorio Nacianceno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Gregory_Nazianzus-acho" title="Sant Gregory Nazianzus-acho – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Sant Gregory Nazianzus-acho" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%A7%80%EC%95%88%EC%A1%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="나지안조스의 그레고리오스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나지안조스의 그레고리오스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Գրիգոր Նազիանզացի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրիգոր Նազիանզացի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grgur_Nazijanski" title="Grgur Nazijanski – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grgur Nazijanski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_dari_Nazianzus" title="Gregorius dari Nazianzus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gregorius dari Nazianzus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nazianzeno" title="Gregorio Nazianzeno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gregorio Nazianzeno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A1" title="גרגוריוס מנזיאנזוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרגוריוס מנזיאנזוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="გრიგოლ ღვთისმეტყველი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრიგოლ ღვთისმეტყველი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregori_wa_Nazianzo" title="Gregori wa Nazianzo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gregori wa Nazianzo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григорий Богослов – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Григорий Богослов" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_Nazianzenus" title="Gregorius Nazianzenus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gregorius Nazianzenus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregors_no_Nazianzas" title="Gregors no Nazianzas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gregors no Nazianzas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazianzi_Szent_Gergely" title="Nazianzi Szent Gergely – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nazianzi Szent Gergely" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григориј Богослов – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Григориј Богослов" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%C3%B4ri%C3%B4sy_avy_any_Nazianz%C3%B4sy" title="Gregôriôsy avy any Nazianzôsy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gregôriôsy avy any Nazianzôsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="നസിയാൻസസിലെ ഗ്രിഗോറിയോസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നസിയാൻസസിലെ ഗ്രിഗോറിയോസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Girgor_Na%C5%BCjan%C5%BCenu" title="San Girgor Nażjanżenu – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="San Girgor Nażjanżenu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%89" title="جريجوريوس النازيانزى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جريجوريوس النازيانزى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorios_dari_Nazianzus" title="Gregorios dari Nazianzus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gregorios dari Nazianzus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_van_Nazianze" title="Gregorius van Nazianze – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gregorius van Nazianze" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BE%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9" title="ナジアンゾスのグレゴリオス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナジアンゾスのグレゴリオス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_av_Nazianz" title="Gregor av Nazianz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gregor av Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%C3%B2ri_lo_Teologian" title="Gregòri lo Teologian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gregòri lo Teologian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grzegorz_z_Nazjanzu" title="Grzegorz z Nazjanzu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grzegorz z Nazjanzu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%C3%B3rio_de_Nazianzo" title="Gregório de Nazianzo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gregório de Nazianzo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigore_de_Nazianz" title="Grigore de Nazianz – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grigore de Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григорий Богослов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Григорий Богослов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriu_de_Nazianzo" title="Gregoriu de Nazianzo – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gregoriu de Nazianzo" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigor_Teologu" title="Grigor Teologu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grigor Teologu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Nazi%C3%A1nsky" title="Gregor Naziánsky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gregor Naziánsky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Nazian%C5%A1ki" title="Gregor Nazianški – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gregor Nazianški" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григорије Богослов – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Григорије Богослов" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigorije_Nazijanski" title="Grigorije Nazijanski – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grigorije Nazijanski" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorios_Nazianzilainen" title="Gregorios Nazianzilainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gregorios Nazianzilainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorios_av_Nazianzos" title="Gregorios av Nazianzos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gregorios av Nazianzos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nacianceno" title="Gregorio Nacianceno – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gregorio Nacianceno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="நசியான் கிரகோரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நசியான் கிரகோரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nenizili_Gregorios" title="Nenizili Gregorios – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nenizili Gregorios" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григорій Богослов – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Григорій Богослов" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%AAg%C3%B4ri%C3%B4_th%C3%A0nh_Nazianzus" title="Grêgôriô thành Nazianzus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Grêgôriô thành Nazianzus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_han_Nazianzus" title="Gregorio han Nazianzus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gregorio han Nazianzus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E9%BD%90%E5%AE%89" title="圣额我略·纳齐安 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣额我略·纳齐安" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E7%B4%8D%E9%BD%8A%E7%9B%8E" title="聖額我略納齊盎 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖額我略納齊盎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E7%B4%8D%E9%BD%8A%E5%AE%89" title="聖額我略·納齊安 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖額我略·納齊安" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44011#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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searchaux" style="display:none">Christian saint and theologian (c. 329 – 390)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For his father, see <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus_the_Elder" title="Gregory of Nazianzus the Elder">Gregory of Nazianzus the Elder</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Gregory of Nazianzus</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gregor-Chora_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gregor-Chora_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Gregor-Chora_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gregor-Chora_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Gregor-Chora_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Gregor-Chora_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="595" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Icon of St. Gregory the Theologian</i>, <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kariye_Camii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kariye Camii">Kariye Camii</a> in Istanbul, Turkey</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Theologian</li><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Holy_Hierarchs" title="Three Holy Hierarchs">Great Hierarch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Father</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oecumene" class="mw-redirect" title="Oecumene">Ecumenical Teacher</a></li></ul></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 329</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Arianzus" title="Arianzus">Arianzus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_(Roman_province)" title="Cappadocia (Roman province)">Cappadocia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 January 390 (aged c. 61)<br />Arianzus, Cappadocia, Roman Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Congregation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Congregation">Pre-Congregation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchal</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_George,_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St George, Istanbul">Cathedral of St. George</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Fener" title="Fener">Fanar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>Catholic Church</b>: <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>: 2 January<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">General Roman Calendar of 1960</a>: 9 May</li><li><b>Eastern Catholic and Orthodox Churches</b>: 25 January (primary feast day)</li><li>30 January (<a href="/wiki/Three_Great_Hierarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Great Hierarchs">Three Great Hierarchs</a>)</li><li><b>Anglican Communion</b>: 2 January<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><b>Lutheran Church</b>: 10 January (<a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">LCMS</a>); 14 June (<a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">ELCA</a>)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a></b>: Saturday before the fourth Sunday of the <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a> or Saturday before the third Sunday of the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vestments" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestments">Vested</a> as a bishop, wearing an <a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">omophorion</a>; holding a <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a> or <a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">scroll</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">Iconographically</a>, he is depicted as balding with a bushy white beard.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Theological work</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Patristic age</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tradition or movement</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene Christianity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cataphatic_theology" title="Cataphatic theology">cataphatic theology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatology" title="Pneumatology">pneumatology</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable ideas</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Homoousia" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoousia">homoousia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">consubstantiality</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">theosis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(philosophy_and_religion)" title="Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)">hypostasis</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_philosophers" title="Category:Catholic philosophers">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Catholic philosophy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg/73px-St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg/110px-St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg/147px-St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="6000" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg/68px-Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg/102px-Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg/136px-Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="762" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/82px-William_of_Ockham.png" decoding="async" width="82" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/124px-William_of_Ockham.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/165px-William_of_Ockham.png 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="361" /></span></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Scotus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Ockham</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Ethics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_price" title="Just price">Just price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory#Catholic_doctrine" title="Just war theory">Just war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_double_effect" title="Principle of double effect">Principle of Double Effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuistry" title="Casuistry">Casuistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_probabilism" title="Catholic probabilism">Probabilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law#Catholic_natural_law_jurisprudence" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_personalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Theology">Liberation Theology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Humanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Humanism">Christian Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_mercy" title="Works of mercy">Works of mercy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conceptualism" title="Conceptualism">Conceptualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_realism" title="Philosophical realism">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_realism" title="Moderate realism">Moderate realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominalism" title="Nominalism">Nominalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiddity" title="Quiddity">Quiddity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essence" title="Essence">essence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nature_(philosophy)" title="Nature (philosophy)">nature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haecceity" title="Haecceity">Haecceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)" title="Five Ways (Aquinas)">Quinque Viae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">Predestination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theological_determinism" title="Theological determinism">Theological determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibilism" title="Compatibilism">Compatibilism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attributes_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Attributes of God in Christianity">Divine Attributes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Saint_Victor" title="School of Saint Victor">Victorines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llullism" class="mw-redirect" title="Llullism">Llullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism_and_Christianity" title="Neoplatonism and Christianity">Christian Neoplatonism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_God" title="Friends of God">Friends of God</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_th%C3%A9ologie" title="Nouvelle théologie">Ressourcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occamism" title="Occamism">Occamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_scholasticism" title="Second scholasticism">Second scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotism" title="Scotism">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_Thomism" title="Analytical Thomism">Analytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenagoras_of_Athens" title="Athenagoras of Athens">Athenagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregory (of Nazianzus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory (of Nyssa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">Cassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Medieval</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Hales" title="Alexander of Hales">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Autrecourt" title="Nicholas of Autrecourt">Autrecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_of_Tours" title="Berengar of Tours">Berengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan">Buridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Eckhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">Eriugena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_of_Rome" title="Giles of Rome">Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominicus_Gundissalinus" title="Dominicus Gundissalinus">Gundissalinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint_Victor" title="Hugh of Saint Victor">Hugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Braga" title="Martin of Braga">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Oresme" title="Nicole Oresme">Oresme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschasius_Radbertus" title="Paschasius Radbertus">Paschasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscellinus" title="Roscellinus">Roscellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siger_of_Brabant" title="Siger of Brabant">Siger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symeon_the_New_Theologian" title="Symeon the New Theologian">Symeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_of_Chartres" title="Thierry of Chartres">Thierry</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Arnauld" title="Antoine Arnauld">Arnauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Azpilcueta" title="Martín de Azpilcueta">Azpilcueta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Brentano" title="Franz Brentano">Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Botero" title="Giovanni Botero">Botero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cajetan" title="Thomas Cajetan">Cajetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9nelon" title="François Fénelon">Fénelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Graci%C3%A1n" title="Baltasar Gracián">Gracián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj" title="Hugo Kołłątaj">Kołłątaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" title="Ignacy Krasicki">Krasicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" title="Nicolas Malebranche">Malebranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Mariana" title="Juan de Mariana">Mariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexius_Meinong" title="Alexius Meinong">Meinong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Mercado" title="Tomás de Mercado">Mercado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Molina" title="Luis de Molina">Molina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini" title="Antonio Rosmini">Rosmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_de_Soto" title="Domingo de Soto">Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Vitoria" title="Francisco de Vitoria">Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Caramuel_y_Lobkowitz" title="Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz">Caramuel</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Contemporary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_J._Adler" title="Mortimer J. Adler">Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe" title="G. E. M. Anscombe">Anscombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barron" title="Robert Barron">Barron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blondel" title="Maurice Blondel">Blondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Congar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Copleston" title="Frederick Copleston">Copleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Finnis" title="John Finnis">Finnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ginald_Garrigou-Lagrange" title="Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange">Garrigou-Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Geach" title="Peter Geach">Geach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" title="Étienne Gilson">Gilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard" title="René Girard">Girard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez">Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_G%C3%B3mez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Nicolás Gómez Dávila">Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Guardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Haldane_(philosopher)" title="John Haldane (philosopher)">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Hildebrand" title="Dietrich von Hildebrand">Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lonergan" title="Bernard Lonergan">Lonergan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lubac" title="Henri de Lubac">Lubac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Marion" title="Jean-Luc Marion">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">McLuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Mounier" title="Emmanuel Mounier">Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Pieper" title="Josef Pieper">Pieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Rahner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Category:Eastern Orthodoxy">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)"><img alt="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/140px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/210px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/280px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2744" data-file-height="2900" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator" title="Christ Pantocrator">Christ Pantocrator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Overview</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Theology</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology">History of theology</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Church history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament#Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="Sacrament">Holy Mysteries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">View of salvation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">View of Mary</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon#Eastern_Orthodox_teaching" title="Icon">View of icons</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension<br />of Jesus</a></div></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four Marks of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" title="Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clergy#Orthodoxy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Eastern_Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Eastern Orthodox Church)">Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Orthodox Church)">Priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon#Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Eastern_Catholicism" title="Deacon">Deacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christian_monasticism#Byzantine_monasticism" title="Eastern Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism" title="Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism">Degrees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_brotherhood" title="Orthodox brotherhood">Bratstvo</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephalous</a> jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion: <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Albanian Orthodox Church">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia" title="Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia">Czech Lands and Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Archdiocese_of_Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid">North Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches <i>de jure</i>: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">America</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukraine (OCU)</a></li></ul> <p>Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)">Ukraine (UOC)</a></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">Autonomous</a> jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sinai" title="Church of Sinai">Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Finland" title="Orthodox Church of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Apostolic_Orthodox_Church" title="Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church">Estonia (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Japan" title="Orthodox Church in Japan">Japan (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Orthodox_Church" title="Chinese Orthodox Church">China (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_the_Americas" title="Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of the Americas">Americas (RP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Bessarabia" title="Metropolis of Bessarabia">Bessarabia (RP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_and_All_Moldova" title="Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova">Moldova (MP)</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Semi-Autonomous: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Crete" title="Church of Crete">Crete (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Moscow_Patriarchate" title="Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate">Estonia (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_of_Russia" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia">ROCOR (MP)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Episcopal assemblies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Australia,_New_Zealand,_and_Oceania" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania">Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Austria" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Belgium,_Holland,_and_Luxembourg" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg">Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Canada" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_France" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Germany" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Italy_and_Malta" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Italy and Malta">Italy and Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Latin_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Scandinavia" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Spain and Portugal">Spain and Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Switzerland and Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America">United States of America</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Noncanonical jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="True Orthodoxy">True Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_Church" title="Catacomb Church">Catacomb Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Calendarists" title="Old Calendarists">Old Calendarists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Orthodox_Catholic_Church" title="American Orthodox Catholic Church">American Orthodox Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_World_Patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="American World Patriarchs">American World Patriarchs</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Churches_that_are_unrecognized" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">National</a> churches:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Orthodox_Church" title="Abkhazian Orthodox Church">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Autocephalous_Orthodox_Church" title="Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Italy" title="Orthodox Church in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Orthodox_Church" title="Latvian Orthodox Church">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Orthodox_Churches_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Orthodox Churches in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Orthodox Church">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate">UOC–KP</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Orthodox_Church" title="Evangelical Orthodox Church">Evangelical Orthodox</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First Seven Ecumenical Councils</a>:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Seventh</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Other possible ecumenical councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Eastern_Orthodox)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Fifth Council of Constantinople">Ninth</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Other important councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quinisext_Council" title="Quinisext Council">Quinisext Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jassy" title="Synod of Jassy">Jassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Moscow_Synod" title="Great Moscow Synod">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jerusalem_(1672)" title="Synod of Jerusalem (1672)">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constantinople_(1872)" title="Council of Constantinople (1872)">Constantinople (1872)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Christianization of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Christianization of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Christianization of Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_North_America" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in North America">North America</a></li> <li>Moscow–Constantinople schism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th%E2%80%9316th_century_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism">15th–16th c.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="1996 Moscow–Constantinople schism">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology">History of Eastern Orthodox theology</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology_in_the_20th_century" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century">20th century (Neo-Palamism)</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apophatic_theology" title="Apophatic theology">Apophaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">Chrismation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_contemplation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian contemplation">Contemplative prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essence%E2%80%93energies_distinction" title="Essence–energies distinction">Essence vs. Energies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Holy Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metousiosis" title="Metousiosis">Metousiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Mystical theology">Mystical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepsis" title="Nepsis">Nepsis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Economy_(religion)" title="Economy (religion)">Oikonomia</a></i> vs <i><a href="/wiki/Akribeia" title="Akribeia">Akribeia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ousia" title="Ousia">Ousia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamism" title="Palamism">Palamism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philokalia" title="Philokalia">Philokalia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phronema" title="Phronema">Phronema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_view_of_sin" title="Eastern Orthodox view of sin">Sin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">Theosis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theological_differences_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church">Differences from the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_teaching_regarding_the_Filioque" title="Eastern Orthodox teaching regarding the Filioque">Opposition to the Filioque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_opposition_to_papal_supremacy" title="Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy">Opposition to papal supremacy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgy and worship</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Service (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Divine Services</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akathist" title="Akathist">Akathist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apolytikion" title="Apolytikion">Apolytikion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectenia" title="Ectenia">Ectenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy water in Eastern Christianity">Holy Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconostasis" title="Iconostasis">Iconostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontakion" title="Kontakion">Kontakion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)" title="Entrance (liturgical)">Liturgical entrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_fan_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical fan in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Liturgical fans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lity_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lity in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Lity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_service_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Memorial service in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Memorial service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_Eternal" title="Memory Eternal">Memory Eternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">Omophorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowing_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Bowing in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox bowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Marriage in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxis_(Byzantine_Rite)" title="Praxis (Byzantine Rite)">Praxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraklesis" title="Paraklesis">Paraklesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_greeting" title="Paschal greeting">Paschal greeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Homily" title="Paschal Homily">Paschal Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Paschal troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_rope" title="Prayer rope">Prayer rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphora" title="Prosphora">Prosphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_bell_ringing" title="Russian Orthodox bell ringing">Russian bell ringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantron" title="Semantron">Semantron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross#Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticheron" title="Sticheron">Sticheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troparion" title="Troparion">Troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment#Byzantine_Rite" title="Vestment">Vestments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible#Byzantine_Rite" title="Thurible">Use of incense</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Liturgical calendar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_cycle" title="Paschal cycle">Paschal cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_feasts_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church">12 Great Feasts</a></li> <li>Other feasts:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Orthodoxy" title="Feast of Orthodoxy">Feast of Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_the_Theotokos" title="Intercession of the Theotokos">Intercession of the Theotokos</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>The four fasting periods:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Apostles' Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition</a> Fast</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_the_Studite" title="Theodore the Studite">Theodore the Studite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassia" title="Kassia">Kassiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Palamas" title="Gregory Palamas">Gregory Palamas</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_church_architecture" title="Eastern Orthodox church architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Orthodoxy" title="Folk Orthodoxy">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical_of_the_Eastern_Patriarchs" title="Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs">Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_cross" title="Russian Orthodox cross">Eastern Orthodox cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_saint_titles" title="List of Eastern Orthodox saint titles">Saint titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_by_country" title="Eastern Orthodoxy by country">Statistics by country</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Template:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Template talk:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gregory of Nazianzus</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Γρηγόριος ὁ Ναζιανζηνός</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Grēgorios ho Nazianzēnos</i></span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 329</span><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 25 January 390),<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as <b>Gregory the Theologian</b> or <b>Gregory Nazianzen</b>, was an early <a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">Roman Christian</a> theologian and prelate who served as <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Archbishop of Constantinople</a> from 380 to 381. He is widely considered the most accomplished rhetorical stylist of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">patristic age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a classically trained orator and philosopher, he infused <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy" title="Hellenistic philosophy">Hellenism</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Church</a>, establishing the paradigm of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> theologians and church officials.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gregory made a significant impact on the shape of <a href="/wiki/Trinitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarian">Trinitarian</a> theology among both Greek and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>-speaking theologians, and he is remembered as the "Trinitarian Theologian". Much of his theological work continues to influence modern theologians, especially in regard to the relationship among the three Persons of the Trinity. Along with the brothers <a href="/wiki/Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil the Great">Basil the Great</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>, he is known as one of the <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a>. </p><p>Gregory of Nazianzus is a <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> in both <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> he is numbered among the <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a>; in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> he is revered as one of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Holy_Hierarchs" title="Three Holy Hierarchs">Three Holy Hierarchs</a>, along with Basil the Great and <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a>. He is considered one of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers#Great_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Great Fathers</a> in both Eastern and Western Christianity. He was considered the patron saint of <a href="/wiki/Kotromani%C4%87_dynasty" title="Kotromanić dynasty">Kotromanić dynasty</a> and medieval <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a> during the first half of the 15th century, while <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a>, the miracle-worker, has been the patron saint since at least mid-13th century, although confirmed by the papacy much later in 1461. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Saint Gregory the Great</a> was also considered the patron of both the state and dynasty in the late 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Zbornik-Lovrenović-2008-Sv._Grgur_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zbornik-Lovrenović-2008-Sv._Grgur-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is also one of only three men in the life of the Orthodox Church who have been officially designated "Theologian" by epithet,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the other two being <a href="/wiki/John_the_Theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="John the Theologian">John the Theologian</a> (the Evangelist), and <a href="/wiki/Symeon_the_New_Theologian" title="Symeon the New Theologian">Symeon the New Theologian</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gregory was born to <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greeks" title="Cappadocian Greeks">Greek</a> parents<sup id="cite_ref-The_Riverside_Dictionary_of_Biography_336_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Riverside_Dictionary_of_Biography_336-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the family estate of <a href="/wiki/Karbala_(Cappadocia)" title="Karbala (Cappadocia)">Karbala</a> outside the village of <a href="/wiki/Arianzus" title="Arianzus">Arianzus</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Nazianzus" title="Nazianzus">Nazianzus</a>, in southwest <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_(Roman_province)" title="Cappadocia (Roman province)">Cappadocia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruether_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup> His parents, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus_the_Elder" title="Gregory of Nazianzus the Elder">Gregory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nonna_of_Nazianzus" title="Nonna of Nazianzus">Nonna</a>, were wealthy land-owners. In <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a> 325, Nonna converted her husband, a <a href="/wiki/Hypsistarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypsistarian">Hypsistarian</a>, to Christianity; he was subsequently ordained as bishop of Nazianzus in 328 or 329.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: vii">: vii </span></sup> The young Gregory and his brother, <a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Nazianzus" title="Caesarius of Nazianzus">Caesarius</a>, first studied at home with their uncle Amphylokhios. Gregory went on to study advanced rhetoric and philosophy in Nazianzus, <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Mazaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesarea Mazaca">Caesarea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>. On the way to Athens his ship encountered a violent storm, and the terrified Gregory prayed to Christ that if He would deliver him, he would dedicate his life to His service.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 28">: 28 </span></sup> While at Athens, he developed a close friendship with his fellow student <a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a>, and also made the acquaintance of Flavius Claudius Julianus, who would later become the emperor known as <a href="/wiki/Julian_the_Apostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian the Apostate">Julian the Apostate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruether_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 19, 25">: 19, 25 </span></sup> In Athens, Gregory studied under the famous rhetoricians <a href="/wiki/Himerius" title="Himerius">Himerius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proaeresius" class="mw-redirect" title="Proaeresius">Proaeresius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He may have been baptized there, or shortly after his return to Cappadocia.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priesthood">Priesthood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Priesthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 361, Gregory returned to <a href="/wiki/Nazianzus" title="Nazianzus">Nazianzus</a> and was ordained a <a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">presbyter</a> by his father's wish, who wanted him to assist with caring for local Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 99–102">: 99–102 </span></sup> The younger Gregory, who had been considering a monastic existence, resented his father's decision to force him to choose between priestly services and a solitary existence, calling it an "act of tyranny".<sup id="cite_ref-Ruether_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 32">: 32 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaving home after a few days, he met his friend Basil at Annesoi, where the two lived as ascetics.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 102">: 102 </span></sup> However, Basil urged him to return home to assist his father, which he did for the next year. Arriving at <a href="/wiki/Nazianzus" title="Nazianzus">Nazianzus</a>, Gregory found the local Christian community split by theological differences and his father accused of heresy by local monks.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 107">: 107 </span></sup> Gregory helped to heal the division through a combination of personal diplomacy and oratory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By this time, Emperor Julian had publicly declared himself in opposition to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 115">: 115 </span></sup> In response to the emperor's rejection of the Christian faith, Gregory composed his <i>Invectives Against Julian</i> between 362 and 363. <i>Invectives</i> asserts that Christianity will overcome imperfect rulers such as Julian through love and patience. This process as described by Gregory is the public manifestation of the process of deification (<i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Orthodox_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosis (Eastern Orthodox theology)">theosis</a></i>), which leads to a spiritual elevation and mystical union with God.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 121">: 121 </span></sup> Julian resolved, in late 362, to vigorously prosecute Gregory and his other Christian critics; however, the emperor perished the following year during a campaign against the Persians.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 125–6">: 125–6 </span></sup> With the death of the emperor, Gregory and the Eastern churches were no longer under the threat of persecution, as the new emperor <a href="/wiki/Jovian_(Emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jovian (Emperor)">Jovian</a> was an avowed Christian and supporter of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 130">: 130 </span></sup> </p><p>Gregory spent the next few years combating <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a>, which threatened to divide the region of <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a>. In this tense environment, Gregory interceded on behalf of his friend Basil with Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea (<a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Mazaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesarea Mazaca">Mazaca</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 138–42">: 138–42 </span></sup> The two friends then entered a period of close fraternal cooperation as they participated in a great rhetorical contest of the Caesarean church precipitated by the arrival of accomplished Arian theologians and rhetors.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 143">: 143 </span></sup> In the subsequent public debates, presided over by agents of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a>, Gregory and Basil emerged triumphant. This success confirmed for both Gregory and Basil that their futures lay in administration of the Church.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 143">: 143 </span></sup> Basil, who had long displayed inclinations to the episcopacy, was elected bishop of the see of <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Mazaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesarea Mazaca">Caesarea in Cappadocia</a> in 370.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Episcopate_in_Sasima_and_Nazianzus">Episcopate in Sasima and Nazianzus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Episcopate in Sasima and Nazianzus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gregory was ordained Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Sasima" title="Sasima">Sasima</a> in 372 by Basil.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 190–5">: 190–5 </span></sup> Basil created this <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">see</a> in order to strengthen his position in his dispute with <a href="/wiki/Anthimus_of_Tyana" title="Anthimus of Tyana">Anthimus</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana">Tyana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ambitions of Gregory's father to have his son rise in the Church hierarchy and the insistence of his friend Basil convinced Gregory to accept this position despite his reservations. Gregory would later refer to his episcopal ordination as forced upon him by his strong-willed father and Basil.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 187–92">: 187–92 </span></sup> Describing his new bishopric, Gregory lamented how it was nothing more than an "utterly dreadful, pokey little hole; a paltry horse-stop on the main road ... devoid of water, vegetation, or the company of gentlemen ... this was my Church of Sasima!"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made little effort to administer his new diocese, complaining to Basil that he preferred instead to pursue a contemplative life.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruether_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 38–9">: 38–9 </span></sup> </p><p>By late 372, Gregory returned to Nazianzus to assist his dying father with the administration of his diocese.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 199">: 199 </span></sup> This strained his relationship with Basil, who insisted that Gregory resume his post at Sasima. Gregory retorted that he had no intention to continue to play the role of pawn to advance Basil's interests.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He instead focused his attention on his new duties as <a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">coadjutor</a> of Nazianzus. </p><p>It was around this time that his sister, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Gorgonia" title="Saint Gorgonia">Saint Gorgonia</a>, died, and he preached a eulogy at her funeral. </p><p>Following the deaths of his mother and father in 374, Gregory continued to administer the Diocese of Nazianzus but refused to be named bishop. Donating most of his inheritance to the needy, he lived an austere existence.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of 375, he withdrew to a monastery at <a href="/wiki/Silifke" title="Silifke">Seleukia</a>, living there for three years. Near the end of this period his friend Basil died. Although Gregory's health did not permit him to attend the funeral, he wrote a heartfelt letter of condolence to Basil's brother, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>, and composed twelve memorial poems dedicated to the memory of his departed friend. (The Greek Anthology, book I epigram 86 and book VIII epigrams 2–11). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gregory_at_Constantinople">Gregory at Constantinople</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gregory at Constantinople"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon the death of Emperor Valens in 378, the accession of <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>, a steadfast supporter of Nicene orthodoxy, was good news to those who wished to purge Constantinople of <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollinarism" title="Apollinarism">Apollinarian</a> domination.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 235">: 235 </span></sup> The exiled Nicene party gradually returned to the city. From his deathbed, Basil reminded them of Gregory's capabilities and likely recommended his friend to champion the Trinitarian cause in Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 235–6">: 235–6 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 379, the Antioch synod and its archbishop, Meletios, asked Gregory to go to Constantinople to lead a theological campaign to win over that city to Nicene orthodoxy.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruether_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 42">: 42 </span></sup> After much hesitation, Gregory agreed. His cousin Theodosia offered him a villa for his residence; Gregory immediately transformed much of it into a church, naming it Anastasia, "a scene for the resurrection of the faith".<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 241">: 241 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this little chapel he delivered five powerful discourses on Nicene doctrine, explaining the nature of the Trinity and the unity of the Godhead.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Refuting the <a href="/wiki/Anomoeanism" title="Anomoeanism">Eunomian</a> denial of the Holy Spirit's divinity, Gregory offered this argument: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Look at these facts: Christ is born, the Holy Spirit is His Forerunner. Christ is baptized, the Spirit bears witness to this ... Christ works miracles, the Spirit accompanies them. Christ ascends, the Spirit takes His place. What great things are there in the idea of God which are not in His power? What titles appertaining to God do not apply also to Him, except for Unbegotten and Begotten? I tremble when I think of such an abundance of titles, and how many Names they blaspheme, those who revolt against the Spirit!<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Gregory's homilies were well received and attracted ever-growing crowds to Anastasia. Fearing his popularity, his opponents decided to strike. On the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Eve" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Eve">vigil of Easter</a> in 379, an Arian mob burst into his church during worship services, wounding Gregory and killing another bishop. Escaping the mob, Gregory next found himself betrayed by his erstwhile friend, the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Maximus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus I of Constantinople">Maximus the Cynic</a>. Maximus, who was in secret alliance with Peter, bishop of Alexandria, attempted to seize Gregory's position and have himself ordained bishop of Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruether_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup> Shocked, Gregory decided to resign his office, but the faction faithful to him induced him to stay and ejected Maximus. This episode left Gregory embarrassed, and exposed him to criticism as a provincial simpleton unable to cope with the intrigues of the imperial city.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruether_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup> </p><p>Affairs in Constantinople remained confused as Gregory's position was still unofficial, and Arian priests yet occupied many important churches. The arrival of the emperor Theodosius in 380 settled matters in Gregory's favor. The emperor, determined to eliminate Arianism, expelled <a href="/wiki/Demophilus_of_Constantinople" title="Demophilus of Constantinople">Bishop Demophilus</a>. Gregory was subsequently enthroned as bishop of Constantinople at the Basilica of the Apostles, replacing Demophilus.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruether_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Ecumenical_Council_and_retirement_to_Nazianzus">Second Ecumenical Council and retirement to Nazianzus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second Ecumenical Council and retirement to Nazianzus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3HolyHierarchs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3HolyHierarchs.jpg/220px-3HolyHierarchs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3HolyHierarchs.jpg/330px-3HolyHierarchs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3HolyHierarchs.jpg/440px-3HolyHierarchs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>A Byzantine-style icon depicting the <a href="/wiki/Three_Holy_Hierarchs" title="Three Holy Hierarchs">Three Holy Hierarchs</a>: <i>(left to right:)</i> <a href="/wiki/Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil the Great">Basil the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a> and Gregory the Theologian.</figcaption></figure> <p>Theodosius wanted to further unify the entire empire behind the orthodox position and decided to convene a church council to resolve matters of faith and discipline.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruether_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> Gregory was of similar mind in wishing to unify Christianity. In the spring of 381 they convened the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Second Ecumenical Council</a> in Constantinople, which was attended by 150 Eastern bishops. After the death of the presiding bishop, <a href="/wiki/Meletius_of_Antioch" title="Meletius of Antioch">Meletius of Antioch</a>, Gregory was selected to lead the council. Hoping to reconcile the West with the East, he offered to recognize <a href="/wiki/Paulinus,_Bishop_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulinus, Bishop of Antioch">Paulinus</a> as Patriarch of Antioch. The Egyptian and Macedonian bishops who had supported Maximus's ordination arrived late for the council. Once there, they refused to recognise Gregory's position as head of the church of Constantinople, arguing that his transfer from the See of Sasima was canonically illegitimate.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 358–9">: 358–9 </span></sup> </p><p>Gregory was physically exhausted and worried that he was losing the confidence of the bishops and the emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 359">: 359 </span></sup> Rather than press his case and risk further division, he decided to resign his office: "Let me be as the Prophet Jonah! I was responsible for the storm, but I would sacrifice myself for the salvation of the ship. Seize me and throw me ... I was not happy when I ascended the throne, and gladly would I descend it."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He shocked the council with his surprise resignation and then delivered a dramatic speech to Theodosius asking to be released from his offices. The emperor, moved by his words, applauded, commended his labor, and granted his resignation. The Council asked him to appear once more for a farewell ritual and celebratory orations. Gregory used this occasion to deliver a final address (<abbr title="Oration">Or.</abbr> 42) and then departed.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 361">: 361 </span></sup> </p><p>Returning to his homeland of Cappadocia, Gregory once again resumed his position as bishop of Nazianzus. He spent the next year combating the local Apollinarian heretics and struggling with periodic illness. He also began composing <i>De Vita Sua</i>, his autobiographical poem.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruether_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 50">: 50 </span></sup> By the end of 383 he found his health too feeble to cope with episcopal duties. Gregory established Eulalius as bishop of Nazianzus and then withdrew into the solitude of Arianzum. After enjoying six peaceful years in retirement at his family estate, he died on 25 January in 390.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gregory faced stark choices throughout his life: Should he pursue studies as a rhetor or philosopher? Would a monastic life be more appropriate than public ministry? Was it better to blaze his own path or follow the course mapped for him by his father and Basil? Gregory's writings illuminate the conflicts which both tormented and motivated him. Biographers suggest that it was this dialectic which defined him, forged his character, and inspired his search for meaning and truth.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruether_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 54">: 54 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_(15th_c.,_GTG).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg/170px-Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="502" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg/255px-Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg/340px-Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="2951" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Rublev" title="Andrei Rublev">Andrei Rublev</a>, <i>Gregory the Theologian</i> (1408), <a href="/wiki/Dormition_Cathedral,_Vladimir" title="Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir">Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theological_and_other_works">Theological and other works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Theological and other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gregory's most significant theological contributions arose from his defense of the doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>. He is especially noted for his contributions to the field of <a href="/wiki/Pneumatology_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumatology (Christianity)">pneumatology</a>—that is, theology concerning the nature of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this regard, Gregory is the first to use the idea of <i>procession</i> to describe the relationship between the Spirit and the Godhead: "The Holy Spirit is truly Spirit, coming forth from the Father indeed but not after the manner of the Son, for it is not by generation but by <i>procession</i>, since I must coin a word for the sake of clearness."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Gregory does not fully develop the concept, the idea of procession would shape most later thought about the Holy Spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He emphasized that Jesus did not cease to be God when he became a man, nor did he lose any of his divine attributes when he took on human nature. Furthermore, Gregory asserted that Christ was fully human, including a full human soul. He also proclaimed the eternality of the Holy Spirit, saying that the Holy Spirit's actions were somewhat hidden in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> but much clearer since the ascension of Jesus into Heaven and the descent of the Holy Spirit at the feast of Pentecost.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to the Neo-Arian belief that the Son is <i>anomoios</i>, or "unlike" the Father, and with the <a href="/wiki/Semi-Arian" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-Arian">Semi-Arian</a> assertion that the Son is <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Homoiousios" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoiousios">homoiousios</a></i></span>, or "like" the Father, Gregory and his fellow Cappadocians maintained the Nicaean doctrine of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Homoousian" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoousian">homoousia</a></i></span>, or <a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">consubstantiality</a> of the Son with the Father.<sup id="cite_ref-Børtnes_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Børtnes-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9, 10">: 9, 10 </span></sup> The Cappadocian Fathers asserted that God's nature is unknowable to man; helped to develop the framework of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(philosophy_and_religion)" title="Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)">hypostases</a></i></span>, or three persons united in a single Godhead; illustrated how Jesus is the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">eikon</a></i></span> of the Father; and explained the concept of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Orthodox_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosis (Eastern Orthodox theology)">theosis</a></i></span>, the belief that all Christians can be assimilated with God in "imitation of the incarnate Son as the divine model."<sup id="cite_ref-Børtnes_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Børtnes-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 10">: 10 </span></sup> </p><p>Some of Gregory's theological writings suggest that, like his friend <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>, he may have supported some form of the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Apocatastasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocatastasis">apocatastasis</a>, the belief that God will bring all of creation into harmony with the Kingdom of Heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led <a href="/wiki/Philip_Schaff" title="Philip Schaff">Philip Schaff</a> and late-nineteenth century <a href="/wiki/Universal_reconciliation" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal reconciliation">Christian universalists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/J._W._Hanson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. W. Hanson">J. W. Hanson</a> to describe Gregory's theology as universalist.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view of Gregory is also held by some modern theologians such as John Sachs, who said that Gregory had "leanings" toward apocatastasis, but in a "cautious, undogmatic" way.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is not clear or universally accepted that Gregory held to the doctrine of apocatastasis.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from the several theological discourses, Gregory was also one of the most important early Christian men of letters, a very accomplished orator, even perhaps one of the greatest of his time.<sup id="cite_ref-Børtnes_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Børtnes-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21">: 21 </span></sup> Gregory was also a very prolific poet who wrote theological, moral, and biographical poems.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The book VIII of the <i>Greek Anthology</i> contains exclusively 254 epigrams of his.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence">Influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gregory's great nephew Nichobulos served as his literary executor, preserving and editing many of his writings. A cousin, Eulalios, published several of Gregory's more noteworthy works in 391.<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xi">: xi </span></sup> By 400, Rufinius began translating his orations into Latin. As Gregory's works circulated throughout the empire they influenced theological thought. His orations were cited as authoritative by the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Ephesus" class="mw-redirect" title="First Council of Ephesus">First Council of Ephesus</a> in 431. By 451 he was designated <i>Theologus</i>, or <i>Theologian</i> by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a><sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_6-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xi">: xi </span></sup> – a title held by no others save <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Symeon_the_New_Theologian" title="Symeon the New Theologian">Symeon the New Theologian</a> (949–1022 AD). He is widely quoted by Eastern Orthodox theologians and highly regarded as a defender of the Christian faith. His contributions to <a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarian theology">Trinitarian theology</a> are also influential and often cited in the Western churches.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Tillich" title="Paul Tillich">Paul Tillich</a> credits Gregory of Nazianzus for having "created the definitive formulae for the doctrine of the trinity".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_St_Gregory_the_Theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgy of St Gregory the Theologian">Liturgy of St Gregory the Theologian</a> in use by the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Church">Coptic Church</a> is named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-OHCW_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHCW-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relics">Relics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Relics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following his death, Gregory was buried at Nazianzus. His relics, consisting of portions of his body and clothing, were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> in 950, into the Church of the Holy Apostles. Part of the relics were taken from Constantinople by <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">Crusaders</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a>, in 1204, and ended up in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. On 27 November 2004, those relics, along with those of <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a>, were returned to Constantinople (now <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a> retaining a small portion of both. The relics are now enshrined in the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Church of Constantinople">Patriarchal</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._George,_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. George, Istanbul">Cathedral of St. George</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Fener" title="Fener">Fanar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the six years of life which remained to him after his final retirement to his birthplace, Gregory composed the greater part of his copious poetical works. These include a valuable autobiographical poem of nearly 2,000 lines; about one hundred other shorter poems relating to his past career; and a large number of epitaphs, epigrams, and epistles to well-known people during that era. The poems that he wrote that dealt with his personal affairs refer to the continuous illness and severe sufferings (physical and spiritual) which assailed him during his last years. In the tiny plot of ground at <a href="/wiki/Arianzus" title="Arianzus">Arianzus</a>, all that remained to him of his rich inheritance was by a fountain near which there was a shady walk. Gregory retired here to spend his days as a hermit. It was during this time that he decided to write theological discourses and poetry of both a religious and an autobiographical nature.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would receive occasional visits from intimate friends, as well as visits from strangers who were attracted to his retreat by his large reputation for sanctity and learning. He died about 25 January 390, although the exact date of his death is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feast_days">Feast days</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Feast days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gregory of Nazianzus is celebrated on different days across Christianity. </p> <ul><li>2 Jan.: The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">Church of England</a> celebrate Gregory's feast on 2 Jan.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>10 Jan.: The <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a> commemorates Gregory, along with <a href="/wiki/Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil the Great">Basil the Great</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a>) on 10 January.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>19, 25 & 30 Jan: The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> celebrate two major feast days in Gregory's honor. 25 January is his primary feast; 30 January, known as the feast of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Great_Hierarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Great Hierarchs">Three Great Hierarchs</a>, commemorates him along with John Chrysostom and Basil of Caesarea.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a minor feast day on 19 January which commemorates the <a href="/wiki/Translation_(relic)" title="Translation (relic)">transfer of his relics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>9 May: The <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Episcopal Church</a> celebrates Gregory's feast on 9 May.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>14 June: The <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a> commemorates Gregory of Nazianzus together with his friends <a href="/wiki/Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil the Great">Basil the Great</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a> on 14 June.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Armenian Dates: The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> devotes two days each year to Gregory. He is commemorated together with eleven other doctors of the Church on the Saturday before the feast of the Discovery of the Holy Cross (which is observed on the Sunday closest to 26 October.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Armenian Church calendar also has a feast day dedicated solely to Gregory. This falls either on the Saturday before the fourth Sunday of the <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a>, or if that day falls during the feast of the <a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a>, on the Saturday before the third Sunday after the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ecumenical_Patriarchs_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople">List of Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/245696">Saint Gregory of Nazianzus</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Calendar&rft.pub=Church+of+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fworship-texts-and-resources%2Fcommon-worship%2Fchurchs-year%2Fcalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926044850/https://armenianchurch.ge/en/kalendar-prazdnikov/description-2/july/commemoration-of-st-gregory-the-theologian">"Commemoration of St. Gregory the Theologian"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianchurch.ge/en/kalendar-prazdnikov/description-2/july/commemoration-of-st-gregory-the-theologian">the original</a> on 26 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemoration+of+St.+Gregory+the+Theologian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenianchurch.ge%2Fen%2Fkalendar-prazdnikov%2Fdescription-2%2Fjuly%2Fcommemoration-of-st-gregory-the-theologian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Liturgy of the Hours</i> Volume I, Proper of Saints, 2 January.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saint.gr/1161/saint.aspx">"Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής :: Άγιος Γρηγόριος ο Θεολόγος"</a>. <i>Saint.gr</i>. 25 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saint.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82+%3A%3A+%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%BF+%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saint.gr%2F1161%2Fsaint.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGuckin-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McGuckin, John (2001) <i>Saint Gregory of Nazianzus: An Intellectual Biography</i>, Crestwood, NY.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zbornik-Lovrenović-2008-Sv._Grgur-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zbornik-Lovrenović-2008-Sv._Grgur_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovrenović2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Dubravko_Lovrenovi%C4%87" title="Dubravko Lovrenović">Lovrenović, Dubravko</a> (2008). "Sv. Grgur čudotvorac – zaštitnik Kotromanića i srednjovjekovne Bosne". In Karamatić, Fra Marko (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=548087"><i>Zbornik o Marku Dobretiću</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Franjevačka teologija. pp. 9–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9958-9026-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9958-9026-0-4"><bdi>978-9958-9026-0-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sv.+Grgur+%C4%8Dudotvorac+%E2%80%93+za%C5%A1titnik+Kotromani%C4%87a+i+srednjovjekovne+Bosne&rft.btitle=Zbornik+o+Marku+Dobreti%C4%87u&rft.place=Sarajevo&rft.pages=9-32&rft.pub=Franjeva%C4%8Dka+teologija&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9958-9026-0-4&rft.aulast=Lovrenovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dubravko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Fchapter-detail%3Fid%3D548087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHousley2016" class="citation book cs1">Housley, Norman (17 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kAtqDAAAQBAJ"><i>The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century: Converging and competing cultures</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-03688-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-03688-3"><bdi>978-1-317-03688-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2019</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusade+in+the+Fifteenth+Century%3A+Converging+and+competing+cultures&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-06-17&rft.isbn=978-1-317-03688-3&rft.aulast=Housley&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkAtqDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Great Synaxaristes: <span class="languageicon">(in Greek)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/1881/sxsaintinfo.aspx">Ὁ Ἅγιος Γρηγόριος ὁ Θεολόγος Ἀρχιεπίσκοπος Κωνσταντινουπόλεως</a>.</i> 25 Ιανουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Riverside_Dictionary_of_Biography_336-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Riverside_Dictionary_of_Biography_336_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riversidediction0000unse/page/336"><i>The Riverside Dictionary of Biography</i></a></span>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2005. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riversidediction0000unse/page/336">336</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780618493371" title="Special:BookSources/9780618493371"><bdi>9780618493371</bdi></a>. <q>Gregory of Nazianzus or Nazianzen, St c. 330-c. 389 AD •Greek prelate and theologian- Born of Greek parents in Cappadocia, he was educated in Caesarea, Alexandria and Athens.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Riverside+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780618493371&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friversidediction0000unse%2Fpage%2F336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruether-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuether1969" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Radford_Ruether" title="Rosemary Radford Ruether">Ruether, Rosemary Radford</a> (1969), <i>Gregory of Nazianzus: Rhetor and Philosopher</i>, Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus%3A+Rhetor+and+Philosopher&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Ruether&rft.aufirst=Rosemary+Radford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter-Blair1910" class="citation cs2">Hunter-Blair, DO (1910), "Gregory of Nazianzus", <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i>, Robert Appleton</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Hunter-Blair&rft.aufirst=DO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaley2012" class="citation book cs1">Daley, Brian (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XZuC9BGZFRwC"><i>Gregory of Nazianzus</i></a>. The Early Church Fathers. Routledge. pp. 7–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134807277" title="Special:BookSources/9781134807277"><bdi>9781134807277</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus&rft.series=The+Early+Church+Fathers&rft.pages=7-9&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781134807277&rft.aulast=Daley&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXZuC9BGZFRwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Migne, J.P. (ed), <i><a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">Patrologiae Graecae (PG)</a></i>, (1857–66), 37.1053, <i>Carm. de vita sua</i>, l.345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregory, as quoted in <i><a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">PG</a></i> 37.1059–60, <i>De Vita Sua</i>, vv. 439–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallay1964" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gallay, P. (1964), <i>Grégoire de Nazianze</i> (in French), Paris, p. 61</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gr%C3%A9goire+de+Nazianze&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=61&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Gallay&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>; quoting from Ep. 48, PG 37.97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orat. 43.2, PG 36.497.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2 Kings 4:8 and Orat. 26.17, PG 35.1249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazianzus" class="citation cs2">Nazianzus, Gregory of, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100298"><i>Or</i></a>, The Orthodox Church of America, p. 31:29<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Or&rft.pages=31%3A29&rft.pub=The+Orthodox+Church+of+America&rft.aulast=Nazianzus&rft.aufirst=Gregory+of&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focafs.oca.org%2FFeastSaintsViewer.asp%3FSID%3D4%26ID%3D1%26FSID%3D100298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">PG</a></i>, 37.1157–9, <i>Carm. de vita sua</i>, ll 1828–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael O'Carroll, "Gregory of Nazianzus" in <i>Trinitas</i> (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1987).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregory of Nazianzus, <i>Five Theological Orations</i>, oration five. This fifth oration deals entirely with the Holy Spirit.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HEW Turner and Francis Young, "Procession(s)" in <i>The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology</i>, ed. A. Richardson & J. Bowden (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1983). Through Augustine, the idea would develop in the West into "double-procession", resulting in the <i><a href="/wiki/Filioque_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Filioque clause">Filioque clause</a></i> and the split between Eastern and Western Christianity.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeinel2009" class="citation journal cs1">Meinel, Fabian (2009). "Gregory of Nazianzus' <i>Poemata Arcana</i>: ἄρρητα and Christian Persuasion". <i>The Cambridge Classical Journal</i>. <b>55</b>: 71–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1750270500000208">10.1017/S1750270500000208</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1750-2705">1750-2705</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44688044">44688044</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170730880">170730880</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cambridge+Classical+Journal&rft.atitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus%27+Poemata+Arcana%3A+%E1%BC%84%CF%81%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1+and+Christian+Persuasion&rft.volume=55&rft.pages=71-96&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1750-2705&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170730880%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44688044%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1750270500000208&rft.aulast=Meinel&rft.aufirst=Fabian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Børtnes-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Børtnes_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Børtnes_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Børtnes_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBørtnes2006" class="citation cs2">Børtnes (2006), <i>Gregory of Nazianzus: Images and Reflections</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus%3A+Images+and+Reflections&rft.date=2006&rft.au=B%C3%B8rtnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc01.html?term=Apocatastasis">Apocatastasis</a>". <i>New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. I</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanson, JW <i>Universalism: The Prevailing Doctrine Of The Christian Church During Its First Five Hundred Years.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tentmaker.org/books/Prevailing.html#211">Chapter XV: Gregory Nazianzen</a>. Boston and Chicago Universalist Publishing House, 1899.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sachs, John R. "Apocatastasis in Patristic Theology." Theological Studies. 54 (December 1993), p. 632.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David L. Balas, "Apokatastasis" in <i>The Encyclopedia of Early Christianity</i>, second edition, ed. Everett Ferguson (New York: Garland Publishing, 1997), details <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>'s adherence to the doctrine, while making no mention of Nazianzan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See how the 1992 edition of the <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> cites a variety of Gregory's orations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tillich, Paul. <i>A History of Christian Thought</i> (Simon and Schuster, 1968), p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OHCW-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OHCW_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaillot2006" class="citation cs2">Chaillot, Christine (2006), "The Ancient Oriental Churches", in <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wainwright" title="Geoffrey Wainwright">Wainwright, Geoffrey</a>; <a href="/wiki/Karen_B._Westerfield_Tucker" title="Karen B. Westerfield Tucker">Westerfield Tucker, Karen B.</a> (eds.), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_History_of_Christian_Worship" title="The Oxford History of Christian Worship">The Oxford History of Christian Worship</a></i>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, p. 139, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513886-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513886-3"><bdi>978-0-19-513886-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ancient+Oriental+Churches&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Christian+Worship&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513886-3&rft.aulast=Chaillot&rft.aufirst=Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2004" class="citation cs2">Fisher, Ian (28 November 2004), "Pope returns remains of 2 Orthodox patriarchs", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070829143756/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041128/news_1n28pope.html"><i>San Diego Union-Tribune</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041128/news_1n28pope.html">the original</a> on 29 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pope+returns+remains+of+2+Orthodox+patriarchs&rft.btitle=San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.date=2004-11-28&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.signonsandiego.com%2Funiontrib%2F20041128%2Fnews_1n28pope.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-gregory-of-nazianzen/">"Saint Gregory of Nazianzen"</a>. 3 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Gregory+of+Nazianzen&rft.date=2009-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaints.sqpn.com%2Fsaint-gregory-of-nazianzen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07010b.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Gregory of Nazianzus"</a>. <i>Newadvent.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+St.+Gregory+of+Nazianzus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F07010b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/texts/the-calendar/holydays.aspx">"Join us in Daily Prayer – The Church of England"</a>. <i>www.churchofengland.org</i>. 31 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.churchofengland.org&rft.atitle=Join+us+in+Daily+Prayer+%E2%80%93+The+Church+of+England&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-worship%2Fworship%2Ftexts%2Fthe-calendar%2Fholydays.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lutheranism 101, CPH, St. Louis, 2010, p. 277</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100298">"St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople"</a>. <i>OCA Online Feast Days</i>. Orthodox Church in America<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OCA+Online+Feast+Days&rft.atitle=St+Gregory+the+Theologian+the+Archbishop+of+Constantinople&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focafs.oca.org%2FFeastSaintsViewer.asp%3FSID%3D4%26ID%3D1%26FSID%3D100298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp">"Synaxis of the Ecumenical Teachers and Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom"</a>. <i>OCA Online Feast Days</i>. Orthodox Church in America<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OCA+Online+Feast+Days&rft.atitle=Synaxis+of+the+Ecumenical+Teachers+and+Hierarchs%3A+Basil+the+Great%2C+Gregory+the+Theologian%2C+and+John+Chrysostom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focafs.oca.org%2FFeastSaintsViewer.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2024/01/19/100215-the-transfer-of-the-relics-of-saint-gregory-the-theologian">"The transfer of the relics of Saint Gregory the Theologian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">OCA</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241103104718/https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2024/01/19/100215-the-transfer-of-the-relics-of-saint-gregory-the-theologian">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OCA&rft.atitle=The+transfer+of+the+relics+of+Saint+Gregory+the+Theologian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Fsaints%2Flives%2F2024%2F01%2F19%2F100215-the-transfer-of-the-relics-of-saint-gregory-the-theologian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W3e7DwAAQBAJ"><i>Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018</i></a>. Church Publishing, Inc. 1 December 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-234-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-234-7"><bdi>978-1-64065-234-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lesser+Feasts+and+Fasts+2018&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft.isbn=978-1-64065-234-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW3e7DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianchurch.ge/en/kalendar-prazdnikov/description-2/october/commemoration-of-the-twelve-archimandrites-sts-retheos-dionisios-selbestros-athanas-cyril-of-jerusalem-ephrem-khourie-assyrian-vasil-barsegh-of-caesaria-gregory-of-nyssa-gregory-the-theoloegian-epiphan-of-cyprus-john-chrysostom-and-cyril">"Commemoration of the Twelve Archimandrites – STS. Retheos, Dionisios, Selbestros, Athanas, Cyril of Jerusalem, Ephrem Khourie Assyrian, Vasil (Barsegh) of Caesaria, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory the Theoloegian, Epiphan of Cyprus, John Chrysostom and Cyril"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemoration+of+the+Twelve+Archimandrites+%E2%80%93+STS.+Retheos%2C+Dionisios%2C+Selbestros%2C+Athanas%2C+Cyril+of+Jerusalem%2C+Ephrem+Khourie+Assyrian%2C+Vasil+%28Barsegh%29+of+Caesaria%2C+Gregory+of+Nyssa%2C+Gregory+the+Theoloegian%2C+Epiphan+of+Cyprus%2C+John+Chrysostom+and+Cyril&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenianchurch.ge%2Fen%2Fkalendar-prazdnikov%2Fdescription-2%2Foctober%2Fcommemoration-of-the-twelve-archimandrites-sts-retheos-dionisios-selbestros-athanas-cyril-of-jerusalem-ephrem-khourie-assyrian-vasil-barsegh-of-caesaria-gregory-of-nyssa-gregory-the-theoloegian-epiphan-of-cyprus-john-chrysostom-and-cyril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vemkar.us/armenian-heritage/st-gregory-the-theologian-and-the-expansive-intellectual-world-of-armenian-commentaries/">"St. Gregory the Theologian and the Expansive Intellectual World of Armenian Commentaries – VEMKAR"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Gregory+the+Theologian+and+the+Expansive+Intellectual+World+of+Armenian+Commentaries+%E2%80%93+VEMKAR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvemkar.us%2Farmenian-heritage%2Fst-gregory-the-theologian-and-the-expansive-intellectual-world-of-armenian-commentaries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBørtnesHägg2006" class="citation cs2">Børtnes, Jostein; Hägg, Tomas (2006), <i>Gregory of Nazianzus: Images and Reflections</i>, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-635-0386-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-635-0386-0"><bdi>978-87-635-0386-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus%3A+Images+and+Reflections&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-87-635-0386-0&rft.aulast=B%C3%B8rtnes&rft.aufirst=Jostein&rft.au=H%C3%A4gg%2C+Tomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Gregory of Nazianzus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Gregory_of_Nazianzus">"St. Gregory of Nazianzus" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Gregory+of+Nazianzus&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_McGuckin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Anthony McGuckin">McGuckin, John A.</a> <i>St. Gregory of Nazianzus: An Intellectual Biography</i>. Crestwood, NY: 2001, St. Vladimir's Seminar Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-222-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-222-8">0-88141-222-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.P._Migne" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Migne">Migne, J.P.</a> (General Editor). <a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca"><i>Cursus Completus Patrologiae Graecae</i></a>. Volumes 35–38. Paris: 1857–66.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100298">The Orthodox Church of America website</a> article on St. Gregory the Theologian. Retrieved 2 May 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Radford_Ruether" title="Rosemary Radford Ruether">Ruether, Rosemary Radford</a>. <i>Gregory of Nazianzus</i>. Oxford: 1969, Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Turner, H.E.W. and Francis Young, "Procession(s)" in <i>The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology</i>, ed. A. Richardson & J. Bowden. Philadelphia: 1983, Westminster Press, 1983.</li> <li>Gregory of Nazianzus, translated by Martha Vinson, <i>Select Orations</i>, Catholic University of America Press, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt32b306">Link.</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Michael Azkoul, "St. Gregory the Theologian: Poetry and Faith," <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patristic_and_Byzantine_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patristic and Byzantine Review (page does not exist)">Patristic and Byzantine Review</a></i> 14.1–3 (1995): 59–68.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeeley2007" class="citation journal cs1">Beeley, Christopher A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4495113">"Divine Causality and the Monarchy of God the Father in Gregory of Nazianzus"</a>. <i>The Harvard Theological Review</i>. <b>100</b> (2): 199–214. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS001781600700154X">10.1017/S001781600700154X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4495113">4495113</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170113325">170113325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Harvard+Theological+Review&rft.atitle=Divine+Causality+and+the+Monarchy+of+God+the+Father+in+Gregory+of+Nazianzus&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=199-214&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170113325%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4495113%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS001781600700154X&rft.aulast=Beeley&rft.aufirst=Christopher+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4495113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Brian Daley, ed., Gregory Nazianzen. <i>Early Church Fathers</i>. London: Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-12181-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-12181-7">0-415-12181-7</a>, pp. 192.</li> <li>K. Demoen, "Biblical vs. Non-Biblical Vocabulary in Gregorius Nazianzenus; a Quantitative Approach," <i>Informatique</i> 2 (1988–89): 243–53.</li> <li>Elena Ene D-Vasilescu, "Generation (γενεά) in Gregory Nazianzen's poem on the Son", Akropolis, vol. 1 (2017), pp. 169–184.</li> <li>J. Egan, "Gregory of Nazianzus and the Logos Doctrine," J. Plevnic, ed., <i>Word and Spirit: Essays in Honor of David Michael Stanley</i>. Willowdale, ON: 1975. pp. 281–322.</li> <li>Anna-Stina Ellverson, The Dual Nature of Man: A Study in the Theological Anthropology of Gregory of Nazianzus. <i>Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis</i>, 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-554-1206-8" title="Special:BookSources/91-554-1206-8">91-554-1206-8</a>. {Amazon.com}</li> <li>Gerald Fitzpatrick, "St Gregory Nazianzen: Education for Salvation," <i>Patristic and Byzantine Review</i> 10.1–2 (1991): 47–55.</li> <li>R.C. Gregg, <i>Consolation Philosophy: Greek and Christian Paideia in Basil and the Two Gregories</i>. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8132-1000-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8132-1000-3">0-8132-1000-3</a>. {Amazon.com}</li> <li>Edward R. Hardy, ed. <i>Christology of the Later Fathers</i>, J. Baillie et al., eds. <i>Library of Christian Classics</i>, Vol. 3. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1995. Pbk. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-24152-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-24152-2">0-664-24152-2</a></li> <li>Carol Harrison & Brian Daley (Editor). <i>Gregory Nazianzen</i>. Routledge, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-12181-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-12181-7">0-415-12181-7</a></li> <li>V. Harrison, "Some Aspects of Saint Gregory (Nazianzen) the Theologian's Soteriology," <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Orthodox_Theological_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek Orthodox Theological Review (page does not exist)">Greek Orthodox Theological Review</a></i> 34 (1989): 19–43/11–8.</li> <li>Susan R. Holman, "Healing the Social Leper in Gregory of Nyssa's and Gregory of Nazianzus's peri philoptochias," <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Theological_Review" title="Harvard Theological Review">Harvard Theological Review</a></i> 92.3 (1999): 283–309.</li> <li>M. Edmund Hussey,"The Theology of the Holy Spirit in the Writings of St. Gregory of Nazianzus," <i>Diakonia</i> 14.3 (1979): 224–233.</li> <li>Anne Karahan, "The Impact of Cappadocian Theology on Byzantine Aesthetics: Gregory of Nazianzus on the Unity and Singularity of Christ". In: The Ecumenical Legacy of the Cappadocians, pp. 159–184. Ed. N. Dumitraşcu. New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-51394-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-51394-6">978-1-137-51394-6</a>.</li> <li>George A. Kennedy, <i>Greek Rhetoric Under Christian Emperors</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-03565-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-03565-2">0-691-03565-2</a>. pp. 215–239. {Amazon.com}</li> <li>Vasiliki Limberis, ."'Religion' as the Cipher for Identity: The Cases of Emperor Julian, Libanius, and Gregory Nazianzus," <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Theological_Review" title="Harvard Theological Review">Harvard Theological Review</a></i> 93.4 (2000): 373–400.</li> <li>N.B. McLynn, "The Other Olympias: Gregory of Nazianzen and the Family of Vitalianus," <i><a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Antikes_Christentum" title="Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum">ZAC</a></i> 2 (1998): 227–46.</li> <li>Ruth Majercik, "A Reminiscence of the Chaldean Oracles at Gregory of Nazianzus, Or. 29,2," <i><a href="/wiki/Vigiliae_Christianae" title="Vigiliae Christianae">Vigiliae Christianae</a></i> 52.3 (1998): 286–292.</li> <li>P.J. Maritz, "Logos Articulation in Gregory of Nazianzus," <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acta_Patristica_et_Byzantina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acta Patristica et Byzantina (page does not exist)">Acta Patristica et Byzantina</a></i> 6 (1995): 99–108.</li> <li>E.P. Meijuring, "The Doctrine of the Will and the Trinity in the Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus," <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nederlands_Theologisch_Tijdschrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nederlands Theologisch Tijdschrift (page does not exist)">Nederlands Theologisch Tijdschrift</a></i> 27.3 (1973): 224–34.</li> <li>Celica Milovanovic-Barham, "Gregory of Nazianzus: Ars Poetica (In suos versus: Carmen 2.1.39)," <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Early_Christian_Studies" title="Journal of Early Christian Studies">Journal of Early Christian Studies</a></i> 5.4 (1997): 497–510.</li> <li>H. Musurillo, "The Poetry of Gregory of Nazianzus," <i>Thought</i> 45 (1970): 45–55.</li> <li>T.A. Noble, "Gregory Nazianzen's Use of Scripture in Defence of the Deity of the Spirit," <i><a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bulletin" title="Tyndale Bulletin">Tyndale Bulletin</a></i> 39<i> (1988): 101–23.</i></li> <li>F.W. Norris, "Of Thorns and Roses: The Logic of Belief in Gregory of Nazianzen," <i><a href="/wiki/Church_History_(journal)" title="Church History (journal)">Church History</a></i>, Vol. 53 (1984): 455–64.</li> <li>F.W. Norris, "The Tetragrammaton in Gregory Nazianzen (Or. 30.17)," <i>Vigiliae Christianae 43</i> (1989): 339–44.</li> <li>F.W. Norris, Faith Gives Fullness to Reasoning: The Five Theological Orations of Gregory Nazianzen. Supplements to <i>Vigiliae Christianae</i>, Vol 13. Leiden: Brill, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09253-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09253-6">90-04-09253-6</a>. p. 314. {Amazon.com}</li> <li>Jay Wesley Richards, "Can a Male Savior Save Women?: Gregory of Nazianzus on the Logos' Assumption of Human Nature," <i>Christian Scholar's Review</i> 28.1 (1998): 42–57.</li> <li>K. Skurat, "St. Gregory of Nazianzus on Philosophy and Knowledge of God," <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Moscow_Patriarchate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Moscow Patriarchate (page does not exist)">Journal of Moscow Patriarchate</a></i> 10 (October 1989): 57–62.</li> <li>B. K. Storin, <i>Self-Portrait in Three Colors: Gregory of Nazianzus's Epistolary Autobiography</i>, Christianity in Late Antiquity 6 (Oakland: University of California Press, 2019).</li> <li>B. K. Storin, trans. <i>Gregory of Nazianzus's Letter Collection: The Complete Translation</i>, Christianity in Late Antiquity 7 (Oakland: University of California Press, 2019).</li> <li>Frank Thielman, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706055918/http://98.131.162.170//tynbul/library/TynBull_1998_49_1_09_Thielman_ApcalypseCanon.pdf">The Place of the Apocalypse in the Canon of St Gregory Nazianzen</a>," <i><a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bulletin" title="Tyndale Bulletin">Tyndale Bulletin</a></i> 49.1 (1998): 155–7.</li> <li>Steven Peter Tsichlis, "The Nature of Theology in the Theological Orations of St. Gregory Nazianzus," <i>Diakonia</i> 16.3 (1981): 238–46.</li> <li>Raymond Van Dam, "Self-Representation in the Will of Gregory of Nazianzus," <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Theological_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Theological Studies">Journal of Theological Studies</a></i> 46.1 (1995): 118–48.</li> <li>Kenneth Paul Wesche, "The Union of God and Man in Jesus Christ in the Thought of Gregory of Nazianzus," <i><a href="/wiki/St._Vladimir%27s_Theological_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly">St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly</a></i> 28.2 (1984): 83–98.</li> <li>Donald F. Winslow, "Gregory of Nazianzus and Love for the Poor," <i><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Theological_Review" title="Anglican Theological Review">Anglican Theological Review</a></i> 47 (1965): 348–59.</li> <li>Donald F. Winslow, <i>The Dynamics of Salvation: A Study in Gregory of Nazianzus</i>. Cambridge, MA: North American Patristic Society, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-915646-06-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-915646-06-4">0-915646-06-4</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 563.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gregory%2C+St%2C+of+Nazianzus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=563&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20_30_0329-0390-_Gregorius_Nazianzenus,_Sanctus.html">Works of Gregory Nazianzus translated into English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nazianzos.fltr.ucl.ac.be/">NAZIANZOS</a>: Centre for the study of Gregory of Nazianzus at the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_catholique_de_Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Université catholique de Louvain">Université catholique de Louvain</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Exterior/Colonnades/Saints/St%20Gregory%20Nazianzus-108/StGregoryNazianzus.htm">Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28+Gregory+AND+%28Nazianzen+OR+Nazianzus+OR+Nyssa+OR+Nazianzum+OR+%22the+theologian%22+OR+%22329%E2389%22%29+%29">Works by or about Gregory of Nazianzus</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/1868">Works by Gregory of Nazianzus</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Titles of the Great Christian Church</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Demophilus_of_Constantinople" title="Demophilus of Constantinople">Demophilus</a> or <br /><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_of_Constantinople" title="Evagrius of Constantinople">Evagrius</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Archbishops_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Archbishops of Constantinople">Archbishop of Constantinople</a><br /><small>Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Maximus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus I of Constantinople">Maximus</a></small> </b><br />379–381 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Nectarius_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Nectarius of Constantinople">Nectarius</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bishops_of_Byzantium_and_Patriarchs_of_Constantinople" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Patriarchs_of_Constantinople" title="Template:Patriarchs of Constantinople"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Patriarchs_of_Constantinople" title="Template talk:Patriarchs of Constantinople"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Patriarchs_of_Constantinople" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Patriarchs of Constantinople"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bishops_of_Byzantium_and_Patriarchs_of_Constantinople" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs of <span class="locality">Constantinople</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Bishops of <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> period, 38–330 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stachys_the_Apostle" title="Stachys the Apostle">Stachys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimus" title="Onesimus">Onesimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarpus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Polycarpus I of Byzantium">Polycarpus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch_of_Byzantium" title="Plutarch of Byzantium">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedecion_of_Byzantium" title="Sedecion of Byzantium">Sedecion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_of_Byzantium" title="Diogenes of Byzantium">Diogenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleutherius_of_Byzantium" title="Eleutherius of Byzantium">Eleutherius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_of_Byzantium" title="Felix of Byzantium">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarpus_II_of_Byzantium" title="Polycarpus II of Byzantium">Polycarpus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenodorus_of_Byzantium" title="Athenodorus of Byzantium">Athenodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euzois_of_Byzantium" title="Euzois of Byzantium">Euzois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_of_Byzantium" title="Laurence of Byzantium">Laurence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alypius_of_Byzantium" title="Alypius of Byzantium">Alypius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertinax_of_Byzantium" title="Pertinax of Byzantium">Pertinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympianus_of_Byzantium" title="Olympianus of Byzantium">Olympianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Marcus I of Byzantium">Marcus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphus_of_Byzantium" title="Philadelphus of Byzantium">Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyriacus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Cyriacus I of Byzantium">Cyriacus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castinus_of_Byzantium" title="Castinus of Byzantium">Castinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenius_I_of_Byzantium" title="Eugenius I of Byzantium">Eugenius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_of_Byzantium" title="Titus of Byzantium">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dometius_of_Byzantium" title="Dometius of Byzantium">Dometius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufinus_of_Byzantium" title="Rufinus of Byzantium">Rufinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_of_Byzantium" title="Probus of Byzantium">Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_of_Byzantium" title="Metrophanes of Byzantium">Metrophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Constantinople" title="Alexander of Constantinople">Alexander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Archbishops of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a><br />(Roman period, 330–451 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Constantinople" title="Alexander of Constantinople">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Nicomedia" title="Eusebius of Nicomedia">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Macedonius I of Constantinople">Macedonius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxius_of_Antioch" title="Eudoxius of Antioch">Eudoxius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_of_Constantinople" title="Evagrius of Constantinople">Evagrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demophilus_of_Constantinople" title="Demophilus of Constantinople">Demophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus I of Constantinople">Maximus I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectarius_of_Constantinople" title="Nectarius of Constantinople">Nectarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John I Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsacius_of_Tarsus" title="Arsacius of Tarsus">Arsacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atticus_of_Constantinople" title="Atticus of Constantinople">Atticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisinnius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sisinnius I of Constantinople">Sisinnius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximianus_of_Constantinople" title="Maximianus of Constantinople">Maximianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclus_of_Constantinople" title="Proclus of Constantinople">Proclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavian_of_Constantinople" title="Flavian of Constantinople">Flavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Constantinople" title="Anatolius of Constantinople">Anatolius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople<br />(<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> period, 451–1453 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Constantinople" title="Anatolius of Constantinople">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadius_of_Constantinople" title="Gennadius of Constantinople">Gennadius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acacius_of_Constantinople" title="Acacius of Constantinople">Acacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fravitta_of_Constantinople" title="Fravitta of Constantinople">Fravitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemius_of_Constantinople" title="Euphemius of Constantinople">Euphemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Macedonius II of Constantinople">Macedonius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_I_of_Constantinople" title="Timothy I of Constantinople">Timothy I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Cappadocia" title="John of Cappadocia">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Constantinople" title="Epiphanius of Constantinople">Epiphanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus I of Constantinople">Anthimus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menas_of_Constantinople" title="Menas of Constantinople">Menas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutychius_of_Constantinople" title="Eutychius of Constantinople">Eutychius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scholasticus" title="John Scholasticus">John III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Constantinople" title="John IV of Constantinople">John IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyriacus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cyriacus II of Constantinople">Cyriacus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Thomas I of Constantinople">Thomas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sergius I of Constantinople">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Constantinople" title="Pyrrhus of Constantinople">Pyrrhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_II_of_Constantinople" title="Paul II of Constantinople">Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Constantinople" title="Peter of Constantinople">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Thomas II of Constantinople">Thomas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V_of_Constantinople" title="John V of Constantinople">John V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine I of Constantinople">Constantine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodore I of Constantinople">Theodore I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Constantinople" title="George I of Constantinople">George I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_III_of_Constantinople" title="Paul III of Constantinople">Paul III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus I of Constantinople">Callinicus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyros_of_Constantinople" title="Kyros of Constantinople">Cyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_of_Constantinople" title="John VI of Constantinople">John VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus I of Constantinople">Germanus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_of_Constantinople" title="Anastasius of Constantinople">Anastasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine II of Constantinople">Constantine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicetas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nicetas I of Constantinople">Nicetas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Paul IV of Constantinople">Paul IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarasios_of_Constantinople" title="Tarasios of Constantinople">Tarasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nikephoros I of Constantinople">Nicephorus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodotus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodotus I of Constantinople">Theodotus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_I_of_Constantinople" title="Antony I of Constantinople">Antony I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VII_of_Constantinople" title="John VII of Constantinople">John VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Methodios I of Constantinople">Methodius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatios_of_Constantinople" title="Ignatios of Constantinople">Ignatios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Constantinople" title="Stephen I of Constantinople">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_II_of_Constantinople" title="Antony II of Constantinople">Antony II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mystikos" title="Nicholas Mystikos">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Euthymius I of Constantinople">Εuthymius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Constantinople" title="Stephen II of Constantinople">Stephen II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryphon_of_Constantinople" title="Tryphon of Constantinople">Tryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylact_of_Constantinople" title="Theophylact of Constantinople">Theophylact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyeuctus_of_Constantinople" title="Polyeuctus of Constantinople">Polyeuctus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_I_of_Constantinople" title="Basil I of Constantinople">Βasil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_III_of_Constantinople" title="Antony III of Constantinople">Αntony III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas II of Constantinople">Nicholas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisinnius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sisinnius II of Constantinople">Sisinnius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sergius II of Constantinople">Sergius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Constantinople" title="Eustathius of Constantinople">Eustathius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexius_of_Constantinople" title="Alexius of Constantinople">Alexius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Cerularius" title="Michael I Cerularius">Michael I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Leichoudes" title="Constantine Leichoudes">Constantine III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VIII_of_Constantinople" title="John VIII of Constantinople">John VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas I of Constantinople">Cosmas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustratius_Garidas" title="Eustratius Garidas">Eustratius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_III_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas III of Constantinople">Nicholas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IX_of_Constantinople" title="John IX of Constantinople">John IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_of_Constantinople" title="Leo of Constantinople">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_II_of_Constantinople" title="Michael II of Constantinople">Michael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas II of Constantinople">Cosmas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas IV of Constantinople">Nicholas IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodotus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodotus II of Constantinople">Theodotus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus I of Constantinople">Neophytus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine IV of Constantinople">Constantine IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Chrysoberges" title="Luke Chrysoberges">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_III_of_Constantinople" title="Michael III of Constantinople">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_of_Constantinople" title="Chariton of Constantinople">Chariton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodosius I of Constantinople">Theodosius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_II_of_Constantinople" title="Basil II of Constantinople">Basil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicetas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicetas II of Constantinople">Nicetas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontius_of_Constantinople" title="Leontius of Constantinople">Leontius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dositheus_of_Constantinople" title="Dositheus of Constantinople">Dositheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Constantinople" title="George II of Constantinople">George II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_X_of_Constantinople" title="John X of Constantinople">John X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Michael IV of Constantinople">Michael IV</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodore II of Constantinople">Theodore II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus II of Constantinople">Maximus II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Constantinople" title="Manuel I of Constantinople">Μanuel I</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus II of Constantinople">Germanus II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Methodius II of Constantinople">Methodius II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_of_Constantinople" title="Manuel II of Constantinople">Manuel II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenios_Autoreianos" title="Arsenios Autoreianos">Arsenius</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicephorus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicephorus II of Constantinople">Nicephorus II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus III of Constantinople">Germanus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joseph I of Constantinople">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XI_of_Constantinople" title="John XI of Constantinople">John XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory II of Constantinople">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius I of Constantinople">Athanasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XII_of_Constantinople" title="John XII of Constantinople">John XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephon_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nephon I of Constantinople">Nephon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XIII_of_Constantinople" title="John XIII of Constantinople">John XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerasimus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus I of Constantinople">Gerasimus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaias_of_Constantinople" title="Isaias of Constantinople">Isaias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XIV_of_Constantinople" title="John XIV of Constantinople">John XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_I_of_Constantinople" title="Isidore I of Constantinople">Isidore I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callistus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Callistus I of Constantinople">Callistus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotheus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Philotheus I of Constantinople">Philotheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarius_of_Constantinople" title="Macarius of Constantinople">Macarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_of_Constantinople" title="Nilus of Constantinople">Nilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Antony IV of Constantinople">Antony IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callistus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Callistus II of Constantinople">Callistus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_I_of_Constantinople" title="Matthew I of Constantinople">Matthew I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Euthymius II of Constantinople">Euthymius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joseph II of Constantinople">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_II_of_Constantinople" title="Metrophanes II of Constantinople">Metrophanes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory III of Constantinople">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius II of Constantinople">Athanasius II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople<br />(<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> period, 1453–1923 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gennadius_Scholarius" title="Gennadius Scholarius">Gennadius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_II_of_Constantinople" title="Isidore II of Constantinople">Isidore II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joasaph_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joasaph I of Constantinople">Joasaph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophronius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sophronius I of Constantinople">Sophronius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_II_of_Constantinople" title="Mark II of Constantinople">Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symeon_I_of_Constantinople" title="Symeon I of Constantinople">Symeon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius I of Constantinople">Dionysius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_I_of_Constantinople" title="Raphael I of Constantinople">Raphael I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus III of Constantinople">Maximus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephon_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nephon II of Constantinople">Nephon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus IV of Constantinople">Maximus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim I of Constantinople">Joachim I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachomius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Pachomius I of Constantinople">Pachomius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoleptus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theoleptus I of Constantinople">Theoleptus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_I_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias I of Constantinople">Jeremias I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannicius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius I of Constantinople">Joannicius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius II of Constantinople">Dionysius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joasaph_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joasaph II of Constantinople">Joasaph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_III_of_Constantinople" title="Metrophanes III of Constantinople">Metrophanes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias II of Constantinople">Jeremias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachomius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Pachomius II of Constantinople">Pachomius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoleptus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theoleptus II of Constantinople">Theoleptus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_II_of_Constantinople" title="Matthew II of Constantinople">Matthew II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_I_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel I of Constantinople">Gabriel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theophanes I of Constantinople">Theophanes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_I_Pegas" title="Meletius I Pegas">Meletius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus II of Constantinople">Neophytus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_II_of_Constantinople" title="Raphael II of Constantinople">Raphael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Lucaris" title="Cyril Lucaris">Cyril I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_II_of_Constantinople" title="Timothy II of Constantinople">Timothy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory IV of Constantinople">Gregory IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus II of Constantinople">Anthimus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril II of Constantinople">Cyril II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius III of Constantinople">Athanasius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus III of Constantinople">Neophytus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius I of Constantinople">Parthenius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius II of Constantinople">Parthenius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannicius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius II of Constantinople">Joannicius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_III_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril III of Constantinople">Cyril III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paisius I of Constantinople">Paisius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius III of Constantinople">Parthenius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel II of Constantinople">Gabriel II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius IV of Constantinople">Parthenius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius III of Constantinople">Dionysius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Constantinople" title="Clement of Constantinople">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Methodius III of Constantinople">Methodius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius IV of Constantinople">Dionysius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerasimus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus II of Constantinople">Gerasimus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius IV of Constantinople">Athanasius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_of_Constantinople" title="James of Constantinople">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus II of Constantinople">Callinicus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus IV of Constantinople">Neophytus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel III of Constantinople">Gabriel III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus V of Constantinople">Neophytus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprianus_of_Constantinople" title="Cyprianus of Constantinople">Cyprianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_V_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius V of Constantinople">Athanasius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril IV of Constantinople">Cyril IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_III_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas III of Constantinople">Cosmas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_III_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias III of Constantinople">Jeremias III</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Callinicus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus III of Constantinople">Callinicus III</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Paisius II of Constantinople">Paisius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphim_I_of_Constantinople" title="Seraphim I of Constantinople">Seraphim I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VI of Constantinople">Neophytus VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_V_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril V of Constantinople">Cyril V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus IV of Constantinople">Callinicus IV (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphim_II_of_Constantinople" title="Seraphim II of Constantinople">Seraphim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannicius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius III of Constantinople">Joannicius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_Constantinople" title="Samuel of Constantinople">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Meletius II of Constantinople">Meletius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodosius II of Constantinople">Theodosius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophronius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sophronius II of Constantinople">Sophronius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel IV of Constantinople">Gabriel IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procopius_of_Constantinople" title="Procopius of Constantinople">Procopius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VII of Constantinople">Neophytus VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerasimus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus III of Constantinople">Gerasimus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_V_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory V of Constantinople">Gregory V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus V of Constantinople">Callinicus V (IV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias IV of Constantinople">Jeremias IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril VI of Constantinople">Cyril VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Eugenius II of Constantinople">Eugenius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus III of Constantinople">Anthimus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysanthus_of_Constantinople" title="Chrysanthus of Constantinople">Chrysanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathangelus_of_Constantinople" title="Agathangelus of Constantinople">Agathangelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Constantius I of Constantinople">Constantius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Constantius II of Constantinople">Constantius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory VI of Constantinople">Gregory VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus IV of Constantinople">Anthimus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus V of Constantinople">Anthimus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus IV of Constantinople">Germanus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Meletius III of Constantinople">Meletius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus VI of Constantinople">Anthimus VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril VII of Constantinople">Cyril VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim II of Constantinople">Joachim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophronius_III_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophronius III of Constantinople">Sophronius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_III_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim III of Constantinople">Joachim III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim IV of Constantinople">Joachim IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_V_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius V of Constantinople">Dionysius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_VIII_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VIII of Constantinople">Neophytus VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus VII of Constantinople">Anthimus VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_V_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine V of Constantinople">Constantine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus V of Constantinople">Germanus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_Metaxakis" title="Meletius Metaxakis">Meletius IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople<br />(<a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> period, since 1923 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory VII of Constantinople">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine VI of Constantinople">Constantine VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_III_of_Constantinople" title="Basil III of Constantinople">Basil III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Photius II of Constantinople">Photius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_I_of_Constantinople" title="Benjamin I of Constantinople">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus V of Constantinople">Maximus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenagoras_I_of_Constantinople" title="Athenagoras I of Constantinople">Athenagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Demetrios I of Constantinople">Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>†</small></sup> in exile at <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coptic_saints" title="Template:Coptic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coptic_saints" title="Template talk:Coptic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coptic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coptic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_in_the_Coptic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Coptic_saints" title="List of Coptic saints">Saints in the Coptic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coptic cross"><img alt="Coptic cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/100px-Coptic_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/150px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/200px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, Our Lady of</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Assiut" title="Our Lady of Assiut">Assiut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Warraq" title="Our Lady of Warraq">Warraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Zeitoun" title="Our Lady of Zeitoun">Zeitoun</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Archangels" title="Seven Archangels">Seven Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariel" title="Sariel">Suriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zedekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarathiel" title="Sarathiel">Sarathiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananiel" title="Ananiel">Ananiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James, son of Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Matthias" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Matthias">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(biblical_figure)" title="Phoebe (biblical figure)">Phoebe the Deaconess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philemon_(biblical_figure)" title="Philemon (biblical figure)">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian martyrs">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C4%81m%C5%ABn_of_Tarn%C5%ABt" title="Abāmūn of Tarnūt">Abāmūn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C4%81m%C5%ABn_of_Tukh" title="Abāmūn of Tukh">Abāmūn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abanoub" title="Abanoub">Abanoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaskhiron_the_Soldier" title="Abaskhiron the Soldier">Abaskhiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Alexandria_bombing" title="2011 Alexandria bombing">Alexandrian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Arianus" title="Saint Arianus">Arianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Apollonia" title="Saint Apollonia">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barbara" title="Saint Barbara">Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashnouna" title="Bashnouna">Bashnouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilides_and_Potamiana" title="Basilides and Potamiana">Basilides and Potamiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysanthus_and_Daria" title="Chrysanthus and Daria">Chrysanthus and Daria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiaffredo" title="Chiaffredo">Chiaffredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Colluthus" title="Saint Colluthus">Colluthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_and_Damian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmas and Damian">Cosmas and Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian_and_Justina" title="Cyprian and Justina">Cyprian and Justina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_and_John" title="Cyrus and John">Cyrus and John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasya" title="Dasya">Dasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiana" title="Demiana">Demiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Alexandria" title="Dorothea of Alexandria">Dorothea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_and_companions" title="Elias and companions">Elias and companions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimachus_of_Pelusium" title="Epimachus of Pelusium">Epimachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustus,_Abibus_and_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius of Alexandria">Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_and_Regula" title="Felix and Regula">Felix and Regula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Abdel_El-Metgaly" title="Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly">Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Gallicanus" title="Saint Gallicanus">Gallicanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anba_George" title="Anba George">George Bishop of Assiut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_El_Mozahem" title="George El Mozahem">George El Mozahem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereon" title="Gereon">Gereon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor,_Besoy,_and_Daydara" title="Hor, Besoy, and Daydara">Hor, Besoy, and Daydara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Imbaba_church_attacks" title="2011 Imbaba church attacks">Imbaba Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_of_Dafra" title="Isaac of Dafra">Isaac of Dafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Senhout" title="John of Senhout">John of Senhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosheh_massacres" title="Kosheh massacres">Kosheh martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Malati" title="Master Malati">Malati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_the_Virgin" title="Margaret the Virgin">Marina the Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspero_demonstrations" title="Maspero demonstrations">Maspero Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Maurice" title="Saint Maurice">Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Memnon" title="Saint Memnon">Memnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Menas" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Menas">Menas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohrael" title="Mohrael">Mohrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Moura" title="Saint Moura">Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_massacre" title="Nag Hammadi massacre">Nag Hammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otimus" title="Otimus">Otimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Philotheos" title="Saint Philotheos">Philotheos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rais" title="Saint Rais">Rais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_the_Martyr" title="Sarah the Martyr">Sarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidhom_Bishay" title="Sidhom Bishay">Sidhom Bishay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Legion" title="Theban Legion">Theban Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thecla" title="Thecla">Thecla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Theoclia" title="Saint Theoclia">Theoclia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_and_Didymus" title="Theodora and Didymus">Theodora and Didymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Stratelates" title="Theodore Stratelates">Theodore Stratelates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Varus" title="Saint Varus">Varus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febronia_of_Syria" title="Febronia of Syria">Veronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadamoun" title="Wadamoun">Wadamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanas" title="Wanas">Wanas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anianus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Anianus of Alexandria">Anianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Avilius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Avilius of Alexandria">Avilius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Kedron_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Kedron of Alexandria">Kedron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Justus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Justus of Alexandria">Justus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eumenes_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Eumenes of Alexandria">Eumenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Markianos_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Markianos of Alexandria">Markianos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celadion_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Celadion of Alexandria">Celadion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agrippinus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Agrippinus of Alexandria">Agrippinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julian_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Julian of Alexandria">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Demetrius_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Demetrius I of Alexandria">Demetrius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Heraclas_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Heraclas of Alexandria">Heraclas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Theonas_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Theonas of Alexandria">Theonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_I_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Peter I of Alexandria">Peter I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_II_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Peter II of Alexandria">Peter II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Timothy_I_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Timothy I of Alexandria">Timothy I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Theophilus I of Alexandria">Theophilus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria">Dioscorus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Timothy_II_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Timothy II of Alexandria">Timothy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_III_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Peter III of Alexandria">Peter III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus II of Alexandria">Dioscorus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_IV_of_Alexandria" title="Timothy IV of Alexandria">Timothy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Theodosius_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria">Theodosius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_IV_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Peter IV of Alexandria">Peter IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damian_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Damian of Alexandria">Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Anastasius of Alexandria">Anastasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Andronicus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Andronicus of Alexandria">Andronicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benjamin_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria">Benjamin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Agatho of Alexandria">Agathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simeon_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Simeon I of Alexandria">Simeon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander II of Alexandria">Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Theodoros_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Theodoros I of Alexandria">Theodore I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Michael_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Michael I of Alexandria">Michael I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_IV_of_Alexandria" title="Pope John IV of Alexandria">John IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Mark II of Alexandria">Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Jacob_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Jacob of Alexandria">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simeon_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Simeon II of Alexandria">Simeon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Joseph_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Joseph I of Alexandria">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Michael_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Michael II of Alexandria">Michael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cosmas_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cosmas II of Alexandria">Cosmas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Michael_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Michael III of Alexandria">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gabriel_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Gabriel I of Alexandria">Gabriel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cosmas_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cosmas III of Alexandria">Cosmas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Abraham_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Abraham of Alexandria">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zacharias_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Zacharias of Alexandria">Zacharias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cyril_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cyril II of Alexandria">Cyril II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Macarius_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Macarius II of Alexandria">Macarius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Matthew_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Matthew I of Alexandria">Matthew I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gabriel_VII_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Gabriel VII of Alexandria">Gabriel VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XIV_of_Alexandria" title="Pope John XIV of Alexandria">John XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cyril_V_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cyril V of Alexandria">Cyril V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Macarius_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Macarius III of Alexandria">Macarius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cyril_VI_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria">Cyril VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadiu_of_Antinoe" title="Abadiu of Antinoe">Abadiu of Antinoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraam,_Bishop_of_Faiyum" title="Abraam, Bishop of Faiyum">Abraam of Faiyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Amun" title="Saint Amun">Amun of Scetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Thaumaturgus" title="Gregory Thaumaturgus">Gregory of Neocaesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Nisibis" title="Jacob of Nisibis">Jacob of Nisibis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Niki%C3%BB" title="John of Nikiû">John of Nikiû</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II,_Bishop_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="John II, Bishop of Jerusalem"> John of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Karas" title="Bishop Karas">Karas of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Mikhail_of_Asyut" title="Metropolitan Mikhail of Asyut">Mikhaeil of Asyut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_of_Jerusalem" title="Narcissus of Jerusalem">Narcissus of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Nicholas of Myra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_the_Bishop" title="Paphnutius the Bishop">Paphnutius of Scetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Porphyrius" title="Saint Porphyrius">Porphyrius of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psote" title="Psote">Psote of Ebsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary_of_Serapion_of_Thmuis" title="Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis">Serapion of Thmuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severian_of_Gabala" title="Severian of Gabala">Severian of Gabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousab_El_Abah" title="Yousab El Abah">Yousab el-Abah of Girga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Messih_El-Makari" title="Abdel Messih El-Makari">Abdel Messih El-Makari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abib_and_Apollo" title="Abib and Apollo">Abib and Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_of_Farshut" title="Abraham of Farshut">Abraham of Farshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_of_Scetis" title="Abraham of Scetis">Abraham of Scetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Amun" title="Saint Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_the_Great" title="Anthony the Great">Anthony the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Awgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Awgin">Awgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashnouna" title="Bashnouna">Bashnouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilarion" title="Hilarion">Hilarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsiesius" title="Horsiesius">Horsiesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitius" title="Hospitius">Hospitius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Irini" title="Mother Irini">Mother Irini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_of_Nineveh" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac of Nineveh">Isaac of Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Pelusium" title="Isidore of Pelusium">Isidore of Pelusium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Dwarf" title="John the Dwarf">John the Dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarius_of_Alexandria" title="Macarius of Alexandria">Macarius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarius_of_Egypt" title="Macarius of Egypt">Macarius of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_the_Monk" title="Marina the Monk">Marina the Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_the_Black" title="Moses the Black">Moses the Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_of_Sinai" title="Nilus of Sinai">Nilus of Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachomius_the_Great" title="Pachomius the Great">Pachomius the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambo" title="Pambo">Pambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsoma" title="Parsoma">Parsoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patapios_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Patapios of Thebes">Patapios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Thebes" title="Paul of Thebes">Paul of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tammah" title="Paul of Tammah">Paul of Tammah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Simple" title="Paul the Simple">Paul the Simple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petronius_of_Egypt" title="Petronius of Egypt">Petronius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pishoy" title="Pishoy">Pishoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poemen" title="Poemen">Poemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_the_Confessor" title="Samuel the Confessor">Samuel the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisoes_the_Great" title="Sisoes the Great">Sisoes the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Haymanot" title="Tekle Haymanot">Tekle Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_of_Tabennese" title="Theodorus of Tabennese">Theodorus of Tabennese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_of_Alexandria" title="Theodora of Alexandria">Theodora of Alexandria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anchorite" title="Anchorite">Anchorites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Karas" title="Saint Karas">Karas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Egypt" title="Mary of Egypt">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misael_the_Anchorite" title="Misael the Anchorite">Misael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onuphrius" title="Onuphrius">Onuphrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_the_Ascetic" title="Paphnutius the Ascetic">Paphnutius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Thebes" title="Paul of Thebes">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pijimi" title="Pijimi">Pijimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenoute" title="Shenoute">Shenouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Hermit" title="Thomas the Hermit">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosimas_of_Palestine" title="Zosimas of Palestine">Zosimas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Other saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_of_Alexandria" title="Ambrose of Alexandria">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didymus_the_Blind" title="Didymus the Blind">Didymus the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne_of_Alexandria" title="Euphrosyne of Alexandria">Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Girgis" title="Habib Girgis">Habib Girgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Candidus" title="Saint Candidus">Candidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Tanner" title="Simon the Tanner">Simon the Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Three Holy Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_Maximus_and_Domatius" title="Saints Maximus and Domatius">Maximus and Domatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verena" class="mw-redirect" title="Verena">Verena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44011#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44011#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44011#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000045004102X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108675755">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/34427382">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46150323641809970360">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1226165060295832740003">4</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/19795/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118541900">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50082276">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb130914730">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb130914730">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001091999">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gregorius : Nazianzenus <santo>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV011383">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35370572">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990002876&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000082470&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000033007&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000008126&CON_LNG=ENG">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX840878">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/105584">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068766807">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90618552">Norway</a></span></li><li><span 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href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/51355">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262057305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000104593">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058523439206706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14795003">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00986288?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/928834">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118541900.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118541900">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span 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