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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Identity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Identity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Identity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Emergence_of_a_distinct_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_of_a_distinct_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Emergence of a distinct identity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_of_a_distinct_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_of_Palestinian_nationalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_of_Palestinian_nationalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rise of Palestinian nationalism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rise_of_Palestinian_nationalism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rise of Palestinian nationalism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rise_of_Palestinian_nationalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_Mandate_(1917–1947)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Mandate_(1917–1947)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>British Mandate (1917–1947)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Mandate_(1917–1947)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_(1947–1949)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_(1947–1949)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>War (1947–1949)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_(1947–1949)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Lost_years"_(1949–1967)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Lost_years"_(1949–1967)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>"Lost years" (1949–1967)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Lost_years"_(1949–1967)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1967–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1967–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>1967–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1967–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Refugees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refugees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Refugees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refugees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Current demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Society</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_and_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_and_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Women and family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palestinian_hip_hop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_hip_hop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.1</span> <span>Palestinian hip hop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_hip_hop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.2</span> <span>Dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Palestinians</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureueng_Filastin" title="Ureueng Filastin – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Ureueng Filastin" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestyne" title="Palestyne – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Palestyne" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="فلسطينيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلسطينيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestins" title="Palestins – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Palestins" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblu_palest%C3%ADn" title="Pueblu palestín – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pueblu palestín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99l%C9%99stinlil%C9%99r" title="Fələstinlilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fələstinlilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="فیلیسطین‌لی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیلیسطین‌لی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Pal%C3%A9stina" title="Wang Paléstina – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Wang Paléstina" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="ফিলিস্তিনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিলিস্তিনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Палесцінцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палесцінцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Палестынцы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Палестынцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Палестинци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Палестинци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poble_palest%C3%AD" title="Poble palestí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Poble palestí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Палестинсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Палестинсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinci" title="Palestinci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Palestinci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palesteiniaid" title="Palesteiniaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Palesteiniaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_pal%C3%A6stinensiske_folk" title="Det palæstinensiske folk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det palæstinensiske folk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A4stinenser" title="Palästinenser – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Palästinenser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestiinlased" title="Palestiinlased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Palestiinlased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Παλαιστίνιοι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παλαιστίνιοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_palestino" title="Pueblo palestino – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo palestino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinanoj" title="Palestinanoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Palestinanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herri_palestinarra" title="Herri palestinarra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Herri palestinarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مردم فلسطینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم فلسطینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestiniens" title="Palestiniens – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Palestiniens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinen" title="Palestinen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Palestinen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_palestino" title="Pobo palestino – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo palestino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="팔레스타인인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팔레스타인인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falasdinawa" title="Falasdinawa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Falasdinawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinci" title="Palestinci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Palestinci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawu_Palestino" title="Tawu Palestino – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Tawu Palestino" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Palestina" title="Orang Palestina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Palestina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinesi" title="Palestinesi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Palestinesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פלסטינים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלסטינים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Pal%C3%A8stina" title="Wong Palèstina – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wong Palèstina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="პალესტინელები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პალესტინელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Палестиналық арабтар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Палестиналық арабтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaestini" title="Palaestini – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Palaestini" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palest%C4%ABnie%C5%A1i" title="Palestīnieši – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Palestīnieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinie%C4%8Diai" title="Palestiniečiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Palestiniečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palesztinok" title="Palesztinok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Palesztinok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C3%A8ng_P%C3%A2l%C3%A8stina" title="Orèng Pâlèstina – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Orèng Pâlèstina" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="პალესტინარეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პალესტინარეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="فلسطينيين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلسطينيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Palestin" title="Orang Palestin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Palestin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Palestina" title="Urang Palestina – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Urang Palestina" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestijnse_volk" title="Palestijnse volk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Palestijnse volk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%8A%E4%BA%BA" title="パレスチナ人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パレスチナ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_palestinske_folk" title="Det palestinske folk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det palestinske folk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinarar" title="Palestinarar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Palestinarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falastinliklar" title="Falastinliklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Falastinliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="فلسطینی قوم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فلسطینی قوم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فلسطينيان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فلسطينيان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palesty%C5%84czycy" title="Palestyńczycy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Palestyńczycy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinos" title="Palestinos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palestinos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinieni" title="Palestinieni – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Palestinieni" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Палестинцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Палестинцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinesos" title="Palestinesos – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Palestinesos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinez%C3%ABt" title="Palestinezët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Palestinezët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_people" title="Palestinian people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Palestinian people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinci" title="Palestinci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Palestinci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palesty%C5%84czyki" title="Palestyńczyki – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Palestyńczyki" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falastiiniyiin" title="Falastiiniyiin – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Falastiiniyiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فەلەستینییەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فەلەستینییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Палестинци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Палестинци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinci" title="Palestinci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Palestinci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Pal%C3%A9stina" title="Urang Paléstina – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Urang Paléstina" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestiinalaiset" title="Palestiinalaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palestiinalaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinier" title="Palestinier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Palestinier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Palestino" title="Mga Palestino – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga Palestino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="ชาวปาเลสไตน์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวปาเลสไตน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistinliler" title="Filistinliler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Filistinliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96" title="Палестинці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Палестинці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="فلسطینی قوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلسطینی قوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Palestin" title="Người Palestin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Palestin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פאלעסטינער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאלעסטינער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="巴勒斯坦人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴勒斯坦人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Palestinian (disambiguation)">Palestinian (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Palestinians</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="ar"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الفلسطينيون</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span><br /><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Filasṭīniyyūn</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/220px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/330px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/440px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Palestine" title="Flag of Palestine">Flag of Palestine</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">14.3 million<sup id="cite_ref-PCBS_2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBS_2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">5,350,000<sup id="cite_ref-PCBS_2022_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBS_2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"> – <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,190,000<sup id="cite_ref-PCBS_2022_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBS_2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (of whom 912,879 are registered refugees as of 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-WWWGazaStrip_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWWGazaStrip-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maan11716_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maan11716-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"> – <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,170,000 (of whom 1,476,706 are registered refugees as of 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-PCBS_2022_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBS_2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCBS2015_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBS2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WWWGazaStrip_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWWGazaStrip-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maan11716_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maan11716-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,307,011 (2024, registered refugees only)<sup id="cite_ref-unjo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unjo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–3,240,000 (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,037,000<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></th><td class="infobox-data">568,530 (2021, registered refugees only)<sup id="cite_ref-UNRWA2019_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNRWA2019-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></th><td class="infobox-data">500,000<sup id="cite_ref-laventana1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laventana1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (March 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Palestinians#Dubious" title="Talk:Palestinians">discuss</a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">461,000<sup id="cite_ref-Joshproj_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joshproj-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></th><td class="infobox-data">356,000<sup id="cite_ref-Joshproj_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joshproj-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data">255,000<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">200,000<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></th><td class="infobox-data">174,000 (2017 census)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–458,369 (2016, registered refugees)<sup id="cite_ref-UNRWA2019_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNRWA2019-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27,000–200,000<sup id="cite_ref-Joshproj_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joshproj-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="infobox-data">135,932<sup id="cite_ref-IOM_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOM-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="infobox-data">100,000<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></th><td class="infobox-data">80,000<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></th><td class="infobox-data">70,000<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="infobox-data">50,000<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></th><td class="infobox-data">72,000<sup id="cite_ref-Joshproj_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joshproj-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></th><td class="infobox-data">57,000<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="infobox-data">45,905<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></th><td class="infobox-data">37,000<sup id="cite_ref-Joshproj_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joshproj-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20,000<sup id="cite_ref-Europe_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europe-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,000<sup id="cite_ref-Joshproj_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joshproj-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,000<sup id="cite_ref-Joshproj_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joshproj-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9,000–15,000<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">~7,000<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,000<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,020<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>In Palestine and Israel:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><br /><b>Diaspora:</b><br />Local <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">varieties of Arabic</a> and languages of host countries for the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Palestinian diaspora</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Majority:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a><br /><b>Minority:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (various <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denominations</a>), <a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">non-denominational Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druzism" class="mw-redirect" title="Druzism">Druzism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Jordanians" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordanians">Jordanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrians</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Palestinians</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الفلسطينيون</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Filasṭīniyyūn</i></span>) are an Arab <a href="/wiki/Ethnonational_group" title="Ethnonational group">ethnonational group</a> native to the region of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-indigenous_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indigenous-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-palestineeb_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palestineeb-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1919, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Palestinian Muslims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a> constituted 90 percent of the population of Palestine, just before the <a href="/wiki/Third_Aliyah" title="Third Aliyah">third wave</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Jewish immigration</a> and the setting up of British <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposition to Jewish immigration spurred the consolidation of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_identity" title="Palestinian identity">a unified national identity</a>, though Palestinian society was still fragmented by regional, class, religious, and family differences.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The history of the Palestinian national identity is a disputed issue amongst scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-Likhovski_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Likhovski-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gelvin2014_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelvin2014-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For some, the term "<a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_Palestinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Definitions of Palestinian">Palestinian</a>" is used to refer to the nationalist concept of a Palestinian people by Palestinian Arabs from the late 19th century and in the pre-World War I period, while others assert the Palestinian identity encompasses the heritage of all eras from <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">biblical times</a> up to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-palestineeb_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palestineeb-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Khalidip18_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidip18-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion</a>, and more so after the <a href="/wiki/1967_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1967 Palestinian exodus">1967 Palestinian exodus</a>, the term "Palestinian" evolved into a sense of a shared future in the form of aspirations for a <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="History of the State of Palestine">Palestinian state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-palestineeb_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palestineeb-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1964, the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> is an umbrella organization for groups that represent the Palestinian people before international states.<sup id="cite_ref-IMEU_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMEU-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>, officially established in 1994 as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>, is an interim administrative body nominally responsible for governance in Palestinian population centres in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1978, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> has observed an annual <a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Solidarity_with_the_Palestinian_People" title="International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People">International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People</a>. According to British historian <a href="/wiki/Perry_Anderson" title="Perry Anderson">Perry Anderson</a>, it is estimated that half of the population in the Palestinian territories are refugees, and that they have collectively suffered approximately US$300 billion in property losses due to Israeli confiscations, at 2008–2009 prices.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite various <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_exodus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Palestinian exodus (disambiguation)">exoduses</a>, roughly one half of the world's Palestinian population continues to reside in the territory of former <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>, now encompassing <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">occupied</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ember2005_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ember2005-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Israel proper, Palestinians constitute almost 21 percent of the population as part of its <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab citizens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-critical_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-critical-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many are <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a> or <a href="/wiki/Present_absentee" title="Present absentee">internally displaced Palestinians</a>, including over 1.4 million in the Gaza Strip,<sup id="cite_ref-WWWGazaStrip_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWWGazaStrip-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over 870,000 in the West Bank,<sup id="cite_ref-WWWWestBank_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWWWestBank-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and around 250,000 in Israel proper. Of the Palestinian population who live abroad, known as the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Palestinian diaspora</a>, more than half are <a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">stateless</a>, lacking legal citizenship in any country.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2.3 million of the diaspora population are registered as refugees in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Jordan" title="Palestinians in Jordan">Jordan</a>, most of whom hold Jordanian citizenship;<sup id="cite_ref-unjo_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unjo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCBSJordan_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBSJordan-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over 1 million live between <a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Syria" title="Palestinians in Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Lebanon" title="Palestinians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and about 750,000 live in <a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Palestine–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Chile–Palestine relations">Chile</a> holding <a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Chile" title="Palestinians in Chile">the largest Palestinian diaspora concentration</a> (around half a million) outside of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_name_Palestine" title="Timeline of the name Palestine">Timeline of the name <i>Palestine</i></a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> toponym <i>Palaistínē</i> (Παλαιστίνη), which is the origin of the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> <i>Filasṭīn</i> (فلسطين), first occurs in the work of the 5th century BCE <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, where it denotes generally<sup id="cite_ref-Exception_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exception-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the coastal land from <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a> down to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Herodotus1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herodotus1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cohenp36_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohenp36-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herodotus also employs the term as an <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a>, as when he speaks of the "Syrians of Palestine" or "Palestinian-Syrians",<sup id="cite_ref-Herodotus2_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herodotus2-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an ethnically amorphous group he distinguishes from the Phoenicians.<sup id="cite_ref-Kasher_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasher-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herodotus makes no distinction between the inhabitants of Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine,_Syria_and_the_Egyptian_Delta_in_Katip_%C3%87elebi%27s_maps_from_the_1650s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Palestine%2C_Syria_and_the_Egyptian_Delta_in_Katip_%C3%87elebi%27s_maps_from_the_1650s.png/220px-Palestine%2C_Syria_and_the_Egyptian_Delta_in_Katip_%C3%87elebi%27s_maps_from_the_1650s.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Palestine%2C_Syria_and_the_Egyptian_Delta_in_Katip_%C3%87elebi%27s_maps_from_the_1650s.png/330px-Palestine%2C_Syria_and_the_Egyptian_Delta_in_Katip_%C3%87elebi%27s_maps_from_the_1650s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Palestine%2C_Syria_and_the_Egyptian_Delta_in_Katip_%C3%87elebi%27s_maps_from_the_1650s.png/440px-Palestine%2C_Syria_and_the_Egyptian_Delta_in_Katip_%C3%87elebi%27s_maps_from_the_1650s.png 2x" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="1636" /></a><figcaption>1650s <a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_Palestine" title="Cartography of Palestine">maps of the region</a> by Ottoman geographer <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a>, showing the term <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أرض فلسطين</span></span> ("Land of Palestine")</figcaption></figure> <p>The Greek word reflects an ancient Eastern Mediterranean-Near Eastern word which was used either as a <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponym</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Ancient Egyptian</a> <i>Peleset/Purusati</i><sup id="cite_ref-strange159_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strange159-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been conjectured to refer to the "<a href="/wiki/Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a>", particularly the <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AK2013_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AK2013-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drews48_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drews48-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> <i>Palaštu</i> (variant <i>Pilištu</i>) is used of 7th-century Philistia and its, by then, four city states.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical Hebrew</a>'s cognate word <i>Plištim</i>, is usually translated <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-strange159_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strange159-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> conquered the region in the first century BCE, they used the name <a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Judaea</a> for the province that covered most of the region. At the same time, the name <i>Syria Palestina</i> continued to be used by historians and geographers to refer to the area between the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a>, as in the writings of <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>. During the early 2nd century CE, <a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Syria Palaestina</a> became the official administrative name in a move viewed by scholars as an attempt by emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> to disassociate Jews from the land as punishment for the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-H.H._Ben-Sasson,_1976,_page_334_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H.H._Ben-Sasson,_1976,_page_334-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ariel_Lewin_p._33_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ariel_Lewin_p._33-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-F90_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F90-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jacobson suggested the change to be rationalized by the fact that the new province was far larger.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobson200144-45_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobson200144-45-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name was thenceforth inscribed on coins, and beginning in the fifth century, mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic texts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-H.H._Ben-Sasson,_1976,_page_334_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H.H._Ben-Sasson,_1976,_page_334-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cohenp37_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohenp37-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeldman1996553_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeldman1996553-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arabic word <i>Filastin</i> has been used to refer to the region since the time of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> Arab <a href="/wiki/Geographer" title="Geographer">geographers</a>. It appears to have been used as an <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> <a href="/wiki/Nisba_(suffix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisba (suffix)">adjectival noun</a> in the region since as early as the 7th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Kishp200_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kishp200-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khalil_Beidas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Khalil_Beidas.jpg/150px-Khalil_Beidas.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Khalil_Beidas.jpg/225px-Khalil_Beidas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Khalil_Beidas.jpg/300px-Khalil_Beidas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="1310" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Beidas" title="Khalil Beidas">Khalil Beidas</a> (1874–1949) was the first person to self-describe Palestine's Arabs as "Palestinians" in the preface of a book he translated in 1898.</figcaption></figure> <p>In modern times, the first person to self-describe Palestine's Arabs as "Palestinians" was <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Beidas" title="Khalil Beidas">Khalil Beidas</a> in 1898, followed by Salim Quba'in and <a href="/wiki/Najib_Nassar" title="Najib Nassar">Najib Nassar</a> in 1902. After the 1908 <a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">Young Turk Revolution</a>, which eased press censorship laws in the Ottoman Empire, dozens of newspapers and periodicals were founded in Palestine, and the term "Palestinian" expanded in usage. Among those were the <i>Al-Quds</i>, <i>Al-Munadi</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Falastin_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Falastin (newspaper)">Falastin</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Karmil" title="Al-Karmil">Al-Karmil</a></i> and Al-Nafir newspapers, which used the term "Filastini" more than 170 times in 110 articles from 1908 to 1914. They also made references to a "Palestinian society", "Palestinian nation", and a "Palestinian diaspora". Article writers included Christian and Muslim Arab Palestinians, Palestinian emigrants, and non-Palestinian Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Palestinian Arab Christian Falastin newspaper had addressed its readers as Palestinians since its inception in 1911 during the Ottoman period.<sup id="cite_ref-AAP1_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAP1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-APP2_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APP2-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> period, the term "Palestinian" was used to refer to all people residing there, regardless of religion or <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicity</a>, and those granted <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a> by the British Mandatory authorities were granted "Palestinian citizenship".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other examples include the use of the term <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Regiment" title="Palestine Regiment">Palestine Regiment</a> to refer to the Jewish Infantry Brigade Group of the British Army during World War II, and the term "Palestinian Talmud", which is an alternative name of the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a>, used mainly in academic sources. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filastin_1936_issue_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Filastin_1936_issue_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Filastin_1936_issue_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Filastin_1936_issue_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Filastin_1936_issue_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Filastin_1936_issue_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Filastin_1936_issue_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>1936 issue of the Palestinian Arab Christian <i><a href="/wiki/Falastin_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Falastin (newspaper)">Falastin</a></i> newspaper addressed its readers as "Palestinians" since its establishment in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-AAP1_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAP1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the 1948 <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">establishment of Israel</a>, the use and application of the terms "Palestine" and "Palestinian" by and to <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Palestinian Jews</a> largely dropped from use. For example, the English-language newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Palestine Post">The Palestine Post</a></i>, founded by Jews in 1932, changed its name in 1950 to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i>. The term <a href="/wiki/Arab_Jews" title="Arab Jews">Arab Jews</a> can include Jews with Palestinian heritage and Israeli citizenship, although some Arab Jews prefer to be called <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi Jews</a>. Non-Jewish <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab citizens of Israel</a> with Palestinian heritage identify themselves as Arabs or Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-Kershner_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kershner-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These non-Jewish Arab Israelis thus include those that are Palestinian by heritage but Israeli by citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-CFR-Kurlantzick_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFR-Kurlantzick-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Charter">Palestinian National Charter</a>, as amended by the PLO's <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">Palestinian National Council</a> in July 1968, defined "Palestinians" as "those Arab nationals who, until 1947, normally resided in Palestine regardless of whether they were evicted from it or stayed there. Anyone born, after that date, of a Palestinian father – whether in Palestine or outside it – is also a Palestinian."<sup id="cite_ref-charter_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that "Arab nationals" is <i>not</i> religious-specific, and it includes not only the Arabic-speaking Muslims of Palestine but also the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christians</a> and other religious communities of Palestine who were at that time Arabic-speakers, such as the <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>. Thus, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Jews of Palestine</a> were/are also included, although limited only to "the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Jews" title="Arab Jews">[Arabic-speaking] Jews</a> who had normally resided in Palestine until the beginning of the [pre-state] <a href="/wiki/Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist">Zionist</a> invasion." The Charter also states that "Palestine with the <a href="/wiki/Border" title="Border">boundaries</a> it had during the British Mandate, is an indivisible territorial unit."<sup id="cite_ref-charter_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Draft_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draft-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Palestinians" title="Origin of the Palestinians">Origin of the Palestinians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Palestine_(region)" title="Demographic history of Palestine (region)">Demographic history of Palestine (region)</a></div><p>Historical records and later genetic studies indicate that the Palestinian people descend mostly from Ancient Levantines extending back to <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age Levant">Bronze Age</a> inhabitants of Levant.<sup id="cite_ref-Nebel200022_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nebel200022-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Agranat22_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agranat22-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid2056020522_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2056020522-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1122_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1122-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dasr22_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dasr22-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-levant-dna22_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levant-dna22-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Palestinian historian Nazmi Al-Ju'beh like in other Arab nations, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_identity" title="Arab identity">Arab identity</a> of Palestinians, largely based on <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">linguistic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_culture" title="Arab culture">cultural</a> affiliation, is independent of the existence of any actual Arabian origins.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinians are sometimes described as indigenous.<sup id="cite_ref-indigenous_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indigenous-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> context, the word <i>indigenous</i> may have different definitions; the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">UN Commission on Human Rights</a> uses several criteria to define this term.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khalil_Raad,_Palestinian_mother_and_child,_1918-1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Khalil_Raad%2C_Palestinian_mother_and_child%2C_1918-1938.jpg/220px-Khalil_Raad%2C_Palestinian_mother_and_child%2C_1918-1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Khalil_Raad%2C_Palestinian_mother_and_child%2C_1918-1938.jpg/330px-Khalil_Raad%2C_Palestinian_mother_and_child%2C_1918-1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Khalil_Raad%2C_Palestinian_mother_and_child%2C_1918-1938.jpg/440px-Khalil_Raad%2C_Palestinian_mother_and_child%2C_1918-1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian mother and child</figcaption></figure> <p>Palestine has undergone many demographic and religious upheavals throughout history. During the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC" title="2nd millennium BC">2nd millennium BCE</a>, it was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a>-speaking peoples who practiced the <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Palestinians share a strong genetic link to the ancient Canaanites.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> later emerged as an outgrowth of southern <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> civilization, with <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Israelite Samaritans</a> eventually forming the majority of the population in Palestine during <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Jewish population in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and its surroundings in <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>, and Samaritan population in <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>, never fully recovered as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars" title="Jewish–Roman wars">Jewish-Roman Wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_revolts" title="Samaritan revolts">Samaritan revolts</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the centuries that followed, the region experienced <a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">political and economic unrest</a>, mass conversions to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Christianization_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiography of Christianization of the Roman Empire">Christianization of the Roman Empire</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">religious persecution</a> of minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Kessler2010_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler2010-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The immigration of Christians, the emigration of Jews, and the conversion of pagans, Jews and Samaritans, contributed to a Christian majority forming in <a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Late Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_East" title="Diocese of the East">Byzantine Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CHJ2_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHJ2-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:142_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:142-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 7th century, the Arab <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashiduns</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">conquered the Levant</a>; they were later succeeded by other Arab Muslim dynasties, including the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the following several centuries, the population of Palestine drastically decreased, from an estimated 1 million during the Roman and Byzantine periods to about 300,000 by the early Ottoman period.<sup id="cite_ref-:Broshi1979_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Broshi1979-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, the existing population adopted Arab culture and language and much <a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">converted to Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The settlement of Arabs before and after the Muslim conquest is thought to have played a role in accelerating the Islamization process.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:Ellenblum2010_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Ellenblum2010-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars suggest that by the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusaders</a>, Palestine was already overwhelmingly Muslim,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tessler_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tessler-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others claim that it was only after the Crusades that the Christians lost their majority, and that the process of mass Islamization took place much later, perhaps during the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For several centuries during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman period</a> the population in Palestine declined and fluctuated between 150,000 and 250,000 inhabitants, and it was only in the 19th century that a rapid population growth began to occur.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This growth was aided by the immigration of <a href="/wiki/Egyptians" title="Egyptians">Egyptians</a> (during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt" title="Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt">Ibrahim Pasha</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Algeria" title="Demographics of Algeria">Algerians</a> (following <a href="/wiki/Emir_Abdelkader" title="Emir Abdelkader">Abdelkader El Djezaïri</a>'s revolt) in the first half of the 19th century, and the subsequent immigration of Algerians, <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosnians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a> during the second half of the century.<sup id="cite_ref-:63_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:63-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:FrantzmanKark20133_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:FrantzmanKark20133-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Palestinian villagers claim ancestral ties to <a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arab tribes</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> that settled in Palestine during or after the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest of the Levant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:73_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:73-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Palestinian families, notably in the <a href="/wiki/Hebron_Hills" title="Hebron Hills">Hebron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Nablus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Nablus">Nablus</a> regions, claim Jewish and <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritan</a> ancestry respectively, preserving associated cultural customs and traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-LS201022_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS201022-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hajjah20212_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hajjah20212-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Zvi19858_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Zvi19858-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genetic studies indicate a genetic affinity between Palestinians and other <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semitic_people" title="Semitic people">Semitic</a> groups in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1122_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1122-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Behar20102_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behar20102-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent research suggests a genetic continuity between modern Palestinians and ancient Levantine populations, evidenced by their clustering with the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze-Age</a> population of <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Agranat22_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agranat22-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variations have been noted between Muslim and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christian Palestinians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forensic2_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forensic2-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, there are indications within Palestinian populations of maternal <a href="/wiki/Gene_flow" title="Gene flow">gene flow</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, possibly linked to historical migrations or the <a href="/wiki/Arab_slave_traders" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab slave traders">Arab slave trade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:132_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:132-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genetic studies have also shown a genetic relationship between Palestinians and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nebel20002_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nebel20002-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid111539182_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid111539182-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid2056020522_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2056020522-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2023 study looking at the <a href="/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing" title="Whole genome sequencing">whole genomes</a> of world populations found that the Palestinian samples clustered in the "Middle Eastern genomic group", which included samples such as <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Jew">Iraqi Jew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemenite Jew</a> samples.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identity">Identity</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Palestinians" title="History of the Palestinians">History of the Palestinians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_identity" title="Palestinian identity">Palestinian identity</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinian_nationality" 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom:2px solid #aaa;white-space:nowrap;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palestinians</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Palestine" title="Flag of Palestine"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/160px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/240px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/320px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Palestine_(region)" title="Demographic history of Palestine (region)">Demographics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_Palestinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Definitions of Palestinian">Definitions</a></li> <li><span class="adr"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Palestinians" title="History of the Palestinians">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_name_%22Palestine%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the name "Palestine"">Name</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Palestinians" title="Origin of the Palestinians">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Palestine" title="Template:Politics of Palestine">Politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <dl><dd><i>Previous</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus">Depopulated villages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" title="Palestinian fedayeen">Fedayeen militias</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">National Authority (PNA)</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">political parties</a>)</dd></dl> <hr /> <dl><dd><i>Current</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Islamic Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Politics of the Palestinian National Authority">Politics of the Palestinian National Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip governance <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hamas)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of the Gaza Strip">Governorates of the Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">National Council (PNC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Legislative Council (PLC)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_law" title="Palestinian law">Law</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; font-size:110%;"> Religion / religious sites</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Jew">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of the Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity" title="Church of the Nativity">Church of the Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph%27s_Tomb" title="Joseph's Tomb">Joseph's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Na%27im#Tomb_of_Lot" title="Bani Na'im">Lot's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Samwil" title="Nabi Samwil">Nabi Samwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel%27s_Tomb" title="Rachel's Tomb">Rachel's Tomb</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian culture">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_art" title="Palestinian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_costumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian costumes">Costume and embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke"><i>Dabke</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(dance)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_handicrafts" title="Palestinian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_literature" title="Palestinian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinians" title="List of Palestinians">List of Palestinians</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestinians" title="Template:Palestinians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palestinians" title="Template talk:Palestinians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence_of_a_distinct_identity">Emergence of a distinct identity</h3></div><p> The timing and causes behind the emergence of a distinctively Palestinian national identity among the Arabs of Palestine are matters of scholarly disagreement. Some argue that it can be traced as far back as the <a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_revolt_in_Palestine" title="Peasants' revolt in Palestine">peasants' revolt in Palestine</a> in 1834 (or even as early as the 17th century), while others argue that it did not emerge until after the Mandatory Palestine period.<sup id="cite_ref-Likhovski_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Likhovski-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sorek_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorek-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legal historian Assaf Likhovski states that the prevailing view is that Palestinian identity originated in the early decades of the 20th century,<sup id="cite_ref-Likhovski_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Likhovski-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when an embryonic desire among Palestinians for self-government in the face of generalized fears that <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> would lead to a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a> and the dispossession of the Arab majority crystallised among most editors, Christian and Muslim, of local newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term itself <i>Filasṭīnī</i> was first introduced by <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Beidas" title="Khalil Beidas">Khalīl Beidas</a> in a translation of a Russian work on the Holy Land into Arabic in 1898. After that, its usage gradually spread so that, by 1908, with the loosening of censorship controls under late Ottoman rule, a number of Muslim, Christian and Jewish correspondents writing for newspapers began to use the term with great frequency in referring to the 'Palestinian people' (<i>ahl/ahālī Filasṭīn</i>), 'Palestinians' (<i>al-Filasṭīnīyūn</i>), the 'sons of Palestine' (<i>abnā’ Filasṭīn</i>) or to 'Palestinian society' (<i>al-mujtama' al-filasṭīnī</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-ZachBeška_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZachBeška-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg/255px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg/340px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eagle_of_Saladin" title="Eagle of Saladin">Eagle of Saladin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine" title="Coat of arms of Palestine">coat of arms</a> and emblem of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Whatever the differing viewpoints over the timing, causal mechanisms, and orientation of Palestinian nationalism, by the early 20th century strong opposition to Zionism and evidence of a burgeoning nationalistic Palestinian identity is found in the content of Arabic-language newspapers in Palestine, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Karmil_(newspaper)" title="Al-Karmil (newspaper)">Al-Karmil</a></i> (est. 1908) and <i><a href="/wiki/Filastin_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Filastin (newspaper)">Filasteen</a></i> (est. 1911).<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidip124_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidip124-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Filasteen initially focused its critique of Zionism around the failure of the Ottoman administration to control Jewish immigration and the large influx of foreigners, later exploring the impact of Zionist land-purchases on Palestinian peasants (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">فلاحين</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fellahin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellahin">fellahin</a></i>), expressing growing concern over land dispossession and its implications for the society at large.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidip124_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidip124-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi" title="Rashid Khalidi">Rashid Khalidi</a>'s 1997 book <i>Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness</i> is considered a "foundational text" on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He notes that the archaeological strata that denote the history of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> – encompassing the <a href="/wiki/Biblical" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical">Biblical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatimid" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid">Fatimid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">Crusader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid">Ayyubid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman empire">Ottoman</a> periods – form part of the identity of the modern-day Palestinian people, as they have come to understand it over the last century.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidip18_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidip18-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noting that Palestinian identity has never been an exclusive one, with "Arabism, religion, and local loyalties" playing an important role, Khalidi cautions against the efforts of some extreme advocates of Palestinian nationalism to "anachronistically" read back into history a nationalist consciousness that is in fact "relatively modern".<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Khalidip19_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidip19-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khalidi argues that the modern national identity of Palestinians has its roots in <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> discourses that emerged among the peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman empire">Ottoman empire</a> in the late 19th century that sharpened following the demarcation of modern nation-state boundaries in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidip19_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidip19-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khalidi also states that although the challenge posed by <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> played a role in shaping this identity, that "it is a serious mistake to suggest that Palestinian identity emerged mainly as a response to Zionism."<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidip19_138-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidip19-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khalil_Beidas_1898_use_of_the_word_Palestinians_in_the_preface_to_his_translation_of_Akim_Olesnitsky%27s_A_Description_of_the_Holy_Land.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Khalil_Beidas_1898_use_of_the_word_Palestinians_in_the_preface_to_his_translation_of_Akim_Olesnitsky%27s_A_Description_of_the_Holy_Land.png/220px-Khalil_Beidas_1898_use_of_the_word_Palestinians_in_the_preface_to_his_translation_of_Akim_Olesnitsky%27s_A_Description_of_the_Holy_Land.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Khalil_Beidas_1898_use_of_the_word_Palestinians_in_the_preface_to_his_translation_of_Akim_Olesnitsky%27s_A_Description_of_the_Holy_Land.png/330px-Khalil_Beidas_1898_use_of_the_word_Palestinians_in_the_preface_to_his_translation_of_Akim_Olesnitsky%27s_A_Description_of_the_Holy_Land.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Khalil_Beidas_1898_use_of_the_word_Palestinians_in_the_preface_to_his_translation_of_Akim_Olesnitsky%27s_A_Description_of_the_Holy_Land.png/440px-Khalil_Beidas_1898_use_of_the_word_Palestinians_in_the_preface_to_his_translation_of_Akim_Olesnitsky%27s_A_Description_of_the_Holy_Land.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="793" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Beidas" title="Khalil Beidas">Khalil Beidas</a>'s 1898 use of the word "Palestinians" in the <a href="/wiki/Preface" title="Preface">preface</a> to his translation of <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Олесницкий, Аким Алексеевич">Akim Olesnitsky's</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Olesnitsky_A._The_Holy_Land._Vol._1_(Russian).djvu" title="File:Olesnitsky A. The Holy Land. Vol. 1 (Russian).djvu">A Description of the Holy Land</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fos_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fos-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p>Conversely, historian <a href="/wiki/James_L._Gelvin" title="James L. Gelvin">James L. Gelvin</a> argues that <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a> was a direct reaction to Zionism. In his book <i>The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War</i> he states that "Palestinian nationalism emerged during the interwar period in response to <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> immigration and settlement."<sup id="cite_ref-Gelvin_92_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelvin_92-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gelvin argues that this fact does not make the Palestinian identity any less legitimate: "The fact that Palestinian nationalism developed later than Zionism and indeed in response to it does not in any way diminish the legitimacy of Palestinian nationalism or make it less valid than Zionism. All nationalisms arise in opposition to some 'other.' Why else would there be the need to specify who you are? And all nationalisms are defined by what they oppose."<sup id="cite_ref-Gelvin_92_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelvin_92-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>David Seddon writes that "[t]he creation of Palestinian identity in its contemporary sense was formed essentially during the 1960s, with the creation of the Palestine Liberation Organization." He adds, however, that "the existence of a population with a recognizably similar name ('the Philistines') in Biblical times suggests a degree of continuity over a long historical period (much as 'the Israelites' of the Bible suggest a long historical continuity in the same region)."<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Kimmerling" title="Baruch Kimmerling">Baruch Kimmerling</a> and Joel S. Migdal consider the 1834 <a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_revolt_in_Palestine" title="Peasants' revolt in Palestine">Peasants' revolt in Palestine</a> as constituting the first formative event of the Palestinian people. From 1516 to 1917, Palestine was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> save a decade from the 1830s to the 1840s when an Egyptian vassal of the Ottomans, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali</a>, and his son <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt" title="Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt">Ibrahim Pasha</a> successfully broke away from Ottoman leadership and, conquering territory spreading from Egypt to as far north as Damascus, asserted their own rule over the area. The so-called <a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt_of_1834_(Palestine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasants' Revolt of 1834 (Palestine)">Peasants' Revolt</a> by Palestine's Arabs was precipitated by heavy demands for conscripts. The local leaders and urban notables were unhappy about the loss of traditional privileges, while the peasants were well aware that conscription was little more than a death sentence. Starting in May 1834 the rebels took many cities, among them <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> and Ibrahim Pasha's army was deployed, defeating the last rebels on 4 August in Hebron.<sup id="cite_ref-Kimmerling6_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kimmerling6-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> argues that the Arabs in Palestine nevertheless remained part of a larger national <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Arab">pan-Arab</a> or, alternatively, pan-Islamist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a> argues otherwise, writing that Palestinians in <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman empire">Ottoman</a> times were "[a]cutely aware of the distinctiveness of Palestinian history ..." and "[a]lthough proud of their Arab heritage and ancestry, the Palestinians considered themselves to be descended not only from Arab conquerors of the seventh century but also from <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a> who had lived in the country since time immemorial, including the ancient <a href="/wiki/Hebrews" title="Hebrews">Hebrews</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a> before them."<sup id="cite_ref-WKhalidi32_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WKhalidi32-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Palestine_1930.jpg/220px-Palestine_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Palestine_1930.jpg/330px-Palestine_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Palestine_1930.jpg/440px-Palestine_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>A 1930 Palestinian women's protest in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> against the British Mandate. The sign reads "No dialogue, no negotiations until termination [of the Mandate]"</figcaption></figure> <p>Zachary J. Foster argued in a 2015 <i>Foreign Affairs</i> article that "based on hundreds of manuscripts, Islamic court records, books, magazines, and newspapers from the Ottoman period (1516–1918), it seems that the first Arab to use the term "Palestinian" was Farid Georges Kassab, a Beirut-based <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Christianity">Orthodox Christian</a>." He explained further that Kassab's 1909 book <i>Palestine, Hellenism, and Clericalism</i> noted in passing that "the Orthodox Palestinian Ottomans call themselves Arabs, and are in fact Arabs," despite describing the Arabic speakers of Palestine as Palestinians throughout the rest of the book."<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Bernard Lewis</a> argues it was not as a Palestinian nation that the Arabs of Ottoman Palestine objected to Zionists, since the very concept of such a nation was unknown to the Arabs of the area at the time and did not come into being until very much later. Even the concept of Arab nationalism in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire, "had not reached significant proportions before the outbreak of World War I."<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tamir Sorek, a <a href="/wiki/Sociologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologist">sociologist</a>, submits that, "Although a distinct Palestinian identity can be traced back at least to the middle of the nineteenth century (Kimmerling and Migdal 1993; Khalidi 1997b), or even to the seventeenth century (Gerber 1998), it was not until after World War I that a broad range of optional <i>political</i> affiliations became relevant for the Arabs of Palestine."<sup id="cite_ref-Sorek_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorek-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israeli historian <a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Efraim Karsh</a> takes the view that the Palestinian identity did not develop until after the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967 war</a> because the Palestinian exodus/expulsion had fractured society so greatly that it was impossible to piece together a national identity. Between 1948 and 1967, the Jordanians and other Arab countries hosting Arab refugees from Palestine/Israel silenced any expression of Palestinian identity and occupied their lands until Israel's conquests of 1967. The formal annexation of the West Bank by Jordan in 1950, and the subsequent granting of its Palestinian residents Jordanian citizenship, further stunted the growth of a Palestinian national identity by integrating them into Jordanian society.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idea of a unique Palestinian state distinct from its Arab neighbors was at first rejected by Palestinian representatives. The <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Arab_Congress" title="Palestine Arab Congress">First Congress</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muslim-Christian_Associations" title="Muslim-Christian Associations">Muslim-Christian Associations</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, February 1919), which met for the purpose of selecting a Palestinian Arab representative for the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a>, adopted the following resolution: "We consider Palestine as part of Arab Syria, as it has never been separated from it at any time. We are connected with it by national, religious, <a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">linguistic</a>, natural, economic and geographical bonds."<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise_of_Palestinian_nationalism">Rise of Palestinian nationalism</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Un1981-343.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Un1981-343.jpg/220px-Un1981-343.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Un1981-343.jpg/330px-Un1981-343.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Un1981-343.jpg/440px-Un1981-343.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>UN stamp to commemorate the Palestinian struggle</figcaption></figure> <p>An independent Palestinian state has not exercised full <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> over the land in which the Palestinians have lived during the modern era. Palestine was administered by the Ottoman Empire until World War I, and then overseen by the British Mandatory authorities. Israel was established in parts of Palestine in 1948, and in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">the West Bank was ruled by Jordan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">Gaza Strip by Egypt</a>, with both countries continuing to administer these areas until <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israel occupied</a> them in the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>. Historian <a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a> states that the Palestinians' lack of sovereignty over the land has been used by Israelis to deny Palestinians their rights to self-determination.<sup id="cite_ref-Attapatu_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attapatu-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the right of the Palestinian people to <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> has been affirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICJ_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICJ-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several Israeli authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 133 countries <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">recognize Palestine</a> as a state.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Palestinian sovereignty over the areas claimed as part of the Palestinian state remains limited, and the boundaries of the state remain a point of contestation between Palestinians and Israelis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Mandate_(1917–1947)"><span id="British_Mandate_.281917.E2.80.931947.29"></span>British Mandate (1917–1947)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_1946_with_major_cities_(in_English).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Map_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_1946_with_major_cities_%28in_English%29.svg/183px-Map_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_1946_with_major_cities_%28in_English%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="183" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Map_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_1946_with_major_cities_%28in_English%29.svg/274px-Map_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_1946_with_major_cities_%28in_English%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Map_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_1946_with_major_cities_%28in_English%29.svg/366px-Map_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_1946_with_major_cities_%28in_English%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a><figcaption>Mandatory Palestine in 1946</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Palestinian nationalist organizations emerged at the end of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two political factions emerged. <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Muntada_al-Adabi" title="Al-Muntada al-Adabi">al-Muntada al-Adabi</a></i>, dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Nashashibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashashibi">Nashashibi</a> family, militated for the promotion of the Arabic language and culture, for the defense of Islamic values and for an independent Syria and Palestine. In <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <i>al-Nadi al-Arabi</i>, dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Husayni">Husayni</a> family, defended the same values.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Article 22 of The Covenant of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> conferred an international legal status upon the territories and people which had ceased to be under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire as part of a 'sacred trust of civilization'. Article 7 of the League of Nations Mandate required the establishment of a new, separate, Palestinian nationality for the inhabitants. This meant that Palestinians did not become British citizens, and that Palestine was not annexed into the British dominions.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mandate document divided the population into Jewish and non-Jewish, and Britain, the Mandatory Power considered the Palestinian population to be composed of religious, not national, groups. Consequently, government censuses in 1922 and 1931 would categorize Palestinians confessionally as Muslims, Christians and Jews, with the category of Arab absent.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Musa_Al-Alami_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Musa_Al-Alami_1918.jpg/220px-Musa_Al-Alami_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Musa_Al-Alami_1918.jpg/330px-Musa_Al-Alami_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Musa_Al-Alami_1918.jpg/440px-Musa_Al-Alami_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Musa_Alami" title="Musa Alami">Musa Alami</a> (1897–1984) was a Palestinian nationalist and politician, viewed in the 1940s as a leader of the Palestinians</figcaption></figure> <p>The articles of the Mandate mentioned the civil and religious rights of the non-Jewish communities in Palestine, but not their political status. At the <a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a>, it was decided to accept the text of those articles, while inserting in the minutes of the conference an undertaking by the Mandatory Power that this would not involve the surrender of any of the rights hitherto enjoyed by the non-Jewish communities in Palestine. In 1922, the British authorities over Mandatory Palestine proposed a draft constitution that would have granted the Palestinian Arabs representation in a Legislative Council on condition that they accept the terms of the mandate. The Palestine Arab delegation rejected the proposal as "wholly unsatisfactory", noting that "the People of Palestine" could not accept the inclusion of the Balfour Declaration in the constitution's preamble as the basis for discussions. They further took issue with the designation of Palestine as a British "colony of the lowest order."<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arabs tried to get the British to offer an Arab legal establishment again roughly ten years later, but to no avail.<sup id="cite_ref-Continuum_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Continuum-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the British general, Louis Bols, read out the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a> in February 1920, some 1,500 Palestinians demonstrated in the streets of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A month later, during the 1920 Nebi Musa riots, the protests against British rule and Jewish immigration became violent and Bols banned all demonstrations. In May 1921 however, further anti-Jewish riots <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_riots" title="Jaffa riots">broke out in Jaffa</a> and dozens of Arabs and Jews were killed in the confrontations.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/1920_Nebi_Musa_riots" title="1920 Nebi Musa riots">1920 Nebi Musa riots</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a> and the failure of <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Faisal</a> to establish the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Syria">Greater Syria</a>, a distinctive form of Palestinian Arab nationalism took root between April and July 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and the French conquest of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, coupled with the British conquest and administration of Palestine, the formerly pan-Syrianist <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Jerusalem" title="Mayor of Jerusalem">mayor of Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musa_Qasim_Pasha_al-Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Musa Qasim Pasha al-Husayni">Musa Qasim Pasha al-Husayni</a>, said "Now, after the recent events in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, we have to effect a complete change in our plans here. Southern Syria no longer exists. We must defend Palestine".<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conflict between Palestinian nationalists and various types of pan-Arabists continued during the British Mandate, but the latter became increasingly marginalized. Two prominent leaders of the Palestinian nationalists were <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Amin_al-Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Amin al-Husayni">Mohammad Amin al-Husayni</a>, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, appointed by the British, and <a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts_158-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the killing of sheikh <a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam</a> by the British in 1935, his followers initiated the <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%9339_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine</a>, which began with a <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strike</a> in Jaffa and attacks on Jewish and British installations in <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts_158-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a> called for a nationwide general strike, non-payment of taxes, and the closure of municipal governments, and demanded an end to Jewish immigration and a ban of the sale of land to Jews. By the end of 1936, the movement had become a national revolt, and resistance grew during 1937 and 1938. In response, the British declared <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>, dissolved the Arab High Committee and arrested officials from the Supreme Muslim Council who were behind the revolt. By 1939, 5,000 Arabs had been killed in British attempts to quash the revolt; more than 15,000 were wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts_158-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_(1947–1949)"><span id="War_.281947.E2.80.931949.29"></span>War (1947–1949)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdel_Kader_al-Husseini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Abdel_Kader_al-Husseini.jpg/150px-Abdel_Kader_al-Husseini.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Abdel_Kader_al-Husseini.jpg/225px-Abdel_Kader_al-Husseini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Abdel_Kader_al-Husseini.jpg/300px-Abdel_Kader_al-Husseini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Husayni" title="Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni">Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Army of the Holy War</a> in 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1947, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> adopted the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">Partition Plan</a>, which divided the mandate of Palestine into two states: one majority Arab and one majority Jewish. The Palestinian Arabs rejected the plan and attacked Jewish civilian areas and paramilitary targets. Following <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israel's declaration of independence</a> in May 1948, five Arab armies (Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and Transjordan) came to the Palestinian Arabs' aid against the newly founded <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Milestones_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milestones-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Palestinian Arabs suffered such a major defeat at the end of the war, that the term they use to describe the war is <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a> (the "catastrophe").<sup id="cite_ref-Caplan_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caplan-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel took control of much of the territory that would have been allocated to the Arab state had the Palestinian Arabs accepted the UN partition plan.<sup id="cite_ref-Milestones_162-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milestones-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with a military defeat, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">fled or were expelled</a> from what became the State of Israel. Israel did not allow the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a> of the war to return to Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Lost_years"_(1949–1967)"><span id=".22Lost_years.22_.281949.E2.80.931967.29"></span>"Lost years" (1949–1967)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map comparing the borders of the 1947 partition plan and the Armistice Demarcation Lines of 1949." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg/170px-1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="477" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg/255px-1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg/340px-1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="1029" /></a><figcaption> <hr /> <b>Boundaries defined in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">1947 UN Partition Plan for Palestine</a>:</b><br /><br /> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#99ccef; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Area assigned for a Jewish state</div> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#ffaaaa; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#aae1aa; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Area assigned for an Arab state</div> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#dcdcdc; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#ff80ff; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Planned <a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Jerusalem)" title="Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)"><i>Corpus separatum</i></a> with the intention that <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> would be neither Jewish nor Arab</div><hr /><b>Armistice Demarcation Lines of 1949 (<a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a>):</b><br /><br /> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#99ccef; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#ffaaaa; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#dcdcdc; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Israeli controlled territory from 1949</div> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#ff80ff; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#aae1aa; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic">Egyptian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian</a> controlled territory from 1948 until 1967</div></figcaption></figure> <p>After the war, there was a hiatus in Palestinian political activity. Khalidi attributes this to the traumatic events of 1947–49, which included the depopulation of over <a href="/wiki/Depopulated_Palestinian_locations_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel">400 towns and villages</a> and the creation of hundreds of thousands of refugees.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi178_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi178-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 418 villages had been razed, 46,367 buildings, 123 schools, 1,233 mosques, 8 churches and 68 holy shrines, many with a long history, destroyed by Israeli forces.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Palestinians lost from 1.5 to 2 million acres of land, an estimated 150,000 urban and rural homes, and 23,000 commercial structures such as shops and offices.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent estimates of the cost to Palestinians in property confiscations by Israel from 1948 onwards has concluded that Palestinians have suffered a net $300 billion loss in assets.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those parts of British Mandatory Palestine which did not become part of the newly declared Israeli state were occupied by Egypt or annexed by Jordan. At the <a href="/wiki/Jericho_Conference" title="Jericho Conference">Jericho Conference</a> on 1 December 1948, 2,000 Palestinian delegates supported a resolution calling for "the unification of Palestine and Transjordan as a step toward full Arab unity".<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During what Khalidi terms the "lost years" that followed, Palestinians lacked a center of gravity, divided as they were between these countries and others such as Syria, Lebanon, and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi179_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi179-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s, a new generation of Palestinian nationalist groups and movements began to organize clandestinely, stepping out onto the public stage in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi180_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi180-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional Palestinian elite who had dominated negotiations with the British and the Zionists in the Mandate, and who were largely held responsible for the loss of Palestine, were replaced by these new movements whose recruits generally came from poor to middle-class backgrounds and were often students or recent graduates of universities in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> and Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi180_170-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi180-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The potency of the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">pan-Arabist</a> ideology put forward by <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>—popular among Palestinians for whom Arabism was already an important component of their identity<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi182_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi182-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—tended to obscure the identities of the separate Arab states it subsumed.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi181_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi181-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1967–present"><span id="1967.E2.80.93present"></span>1967–present</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></div><p> Since 1967, Palestinians in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip have lived under military occupation, creating, according to Avram Bornstein, a <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">carceralization of their society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the meantime, pan-Arabism has waned as an aspect of Palestinian identity. The Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip and West Bank triggered a <a href="/wiki/1967_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1967 Palestinian exodus">second Palestinian exodus</a> and fractured Palestinian political and militant groups, prompting them to give up residual hopes in pan-Arabism. They rallied increasingly around the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO), which had been formed in Cairo in 1964. The group grew in popularity in the following years, especially under the nationalistic orientation of the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-plo1974_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plo1974-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mainstream <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> Palestinian nationalism was grouped together under the umbrella of the PLO whose constituent organizations include <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a>, among other groups who at that time believed that <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">political violence</a> was the only way to "liberate" Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidip18_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidip18-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These groups gave voice to a tradition that emerged in the 1960s that argues Palestinian nationalism has deep historical roots, with extreme advocates reading a Palestinian nationalist consciousness and identity back into the history of Palestine over the past few centuries, and even millennia, when such a consciousness is in fact relatively modern.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidip.149n_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidip.149n-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg/220px-Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg/330px-Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg/440px-Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nayef_Hawatmeh" title="Nayef Hawatmeh">Nayef Hawatmeh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Nasser" title="Kamal Nasser">Kamal Nasser</a> in a Jordan press conference in Amman, 1970</figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a> and the events of <a href="/wiki/Black_September_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Black September in Jordan">Black September in Jordan</a> contributed to growing Palestinian support for these groups, particularly among Palestinians in exile. Concurrently, among Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, a new ideological theme, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Sumud" title="Sumud">sumud</a></i>, represented the Palestinian political strategy popularly adopted from 1967 onward. As a concept closely related to the land, agriculture and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous (people)">indigenousness</a>, the ideal image of the Palestinian put forward at this time was that of the peasant (in Arabic, <i><a href="/wiki/Fellah" title="Fellah">fellah</a></i>) who stayed put on his land, refusing to leave. A strategy more passive than that adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" title="Palestinian fedayeen">Palestinian fedayeen</a>, <i>sumud</i> provided an important subtext to the narrative of the fighters, "in symbolizing continuity and connections with the land, with peasantry and a rural way of life."<sup id="cite_ref-Schulzp105_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schulzp105-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974, the PLO was recognized as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people by the Arab nation-states and was granted observer status as a national <a href="/wiki/Liberation_movement" title="Liberation movement">liberation movement</a> by the United Nations that same year.<sup id="cite_ref-IMEU_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMEU-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel rejected the resolution, calling it "shameful".<sup id="cite_ref-Allon_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allon-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a speech to the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>, Deputy Premier and Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Yigal_Allon" title="Yigal Allon">Yigal Allon</a> outlined the government's view that: "No one can expect us to recognize the terrorist organization called the PLO as representing the Palestinians—because it does not. No one can expect us to negotiate with the heads of terror-gangs, who through their ideology and actions, endeavor to liquidate the State of Israel."<sup id="cite_ref-Allon_178-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allon-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, the United Nations established a subsidiary organ, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Exercise_of_the_Inalienable_Rights_of_the_Palestinian_People" title="Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People">Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People</a>, to recommend a program of implementation to enable the Palestinian people to exercise national independence and their rights to self-determination without external interference, national independence and sovereignty, and to return to their homes and property.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_for_palestine_Tunis_Kassba_17-05-2021_By_Brahim_Guedich-4062.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Protest_for_palestine_Tunis_Kassba_17-05-2021_By_Brahim_Guedich-4062.jpg/220px-Protest_for_palestine_Tunis_Kassba_17-05-2021_By_Brahim_Guedich-4062.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Protest_for_palestine_Tunis_Kassba_17-05-2021_By_Brahim_Guedich-4062.jpg/330px-Protest_for_palestine_Tunis_Kassba_17-05-2021_By_Brahim_Guedich-4062.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Protest_for_palestine_Tunis_Kassba_17-05-2021_By_Brahim_Guedich-4062.jpg/440px-Protest_for_palestine_Tunis_Kassba_17-05-2021_By_Brahim_Guedich-4062.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Protest for Palestine in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–93) was the first popular uprising against the Israeli occupation of 1967. Followed by the PLO's 1988 proclamation of a <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>, these developments served to further reinforce the Palestinian national identity. After the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in 1991, Kuwaiti authorities forcibly pressured nearly 200,000 Palestinians to <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_exodus_from_Kuwait_(Gulf_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian exodus from Kuwait (Gulf War)">leave Kuwait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ppp_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ppp-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The policy which partly led to this exodus was a response to the alignment of PLO leader Yasser Arafat with <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>, the first Israeli–Palestinian interim peace agreement, were signed in 1993. The process was envisioned to last five years, ending in June 1999, when the withdrawal of Israeli forces from the Gaza Strip and the Jericho area began. The expiration of this term without the recognition by Israel of the Palestinian State and without the effective termination of the occupation was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second intifada was more violent than the first.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The International Court of Justice observed that since the government of Israel had decided to recognize the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people, their existence was no longer an issue. The court noted that the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip of 28 September 1995 also referred a number of times to the Palestinian people and its "legitimate rights".<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Giegerich" title="Thomas Giegerich">Thomas Giegerich</a>, with respect to the Palestinian people's right to form a sovereign independent state, "The right of self-determination gives the Palestinian people collectively the inalienable right freely to determine its political status, while Israel, having recognized the Palestinians as a separate people, is obliged to promote and respect this right in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations".<sup id="cite_ref-Giegerich_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giegerich-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the failures of the Second Intifada, a younger generation is emerging that cares less about nationalist ideology than about economic growth. This has been a source of tension between some of the Palestinian political leadership and Palestinian business professionals who desire economic cooperation with Israelis. At an international conference in Bahrain, Palestinian businessman Ashraf Jabari said, "I have no problem working with Israel. It is time to move on. ... The Palestinian Authority does not want peace. They told the families of the businessmen that they are wanted [by police] for participating in the Bahrain workshop."<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Palestinian territories">Demographics of the Palestinian territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Israel" title="Demographics of Israel">Demographics of Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Jordan" title="Demographics of Jordan">Demographics of Jordan</a></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width: 20em;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country or region </th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>Palestinian Territories (Gaza Strip and West Bank including East Jerusalem)</td> <td style="text-align:right">4,420,549<sup id="cite_ref-PCBS_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBS-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,700,000<sup id="cite_ref-Cordesman_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cordesman-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,318,000<sup id="cite_ref-drummond_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drummond-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">500,000 (largest <a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Chile" title="Palestinians in Chile">community</a> outside the Middle East)<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Syria</td> <td style="text-align:right">434,896<sup id="cite_ref-UNRWA_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNRWA-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lebanon</td> <td style="text-align:right">405,425<sup id="cite_ref-UNRWA_193-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNRWA-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saudi Arabia</td> <td style="text-align:right">327,000<sup id="cite_ref-drummond_189-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drummond-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">225,000<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egypt</td> <td style="text-align:right">44,200<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_194-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kuwait</td> <td style="text-align:right">(approx) 40,000<sup id="cite_ref-drummond_189-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drummond-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Gulf states</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">159,000<sup id="cite_ref-drummond_189-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drummond-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Arab states</td> <td style="text-align:right">153,000<sup id="cite_ref-drummond_189-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drummond-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other countries</td> <td style="text-align:right">308,000<sup id="cite_ref-drummond_189-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drummond-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>TOTAL</b></td> <td style="text-align:right">10,574,521 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the absence of a comprehensive census including all Palestinian diaspora populations, and those that have remained within what was <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate Palestine</a>, exact population figures are difficult to determine. The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS) announced at the end of 2015 that the number of Palestinians worldwide at the end of 2015 was 12.37 million of which the number still residing within historic Palestine was 6.22 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Maan1116_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maan1116-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Arnon_Soffer" title="Arnon Soffer">Arnon Soffer</a> estimated that in the territory of former Mandatory Palestine (now encompassing Israel and the Palestinian territories of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>), there's a Palestinian population of 7.503 million, making up 51.16% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within Israel proper, Palestinians constitute almost 21 percent of the population as part of its <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab citizens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-critical_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-critical-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, a critical review of the PCBS figures and methodology was conducted by the American-Israel Demographic Research Group (AIDRG).<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their report,<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they claimed that several errors in the PCBS methodology and assumptions artificially inflated the numbers by a total of 1.3 million. The PCBS numbers were cross-checked against a variety of other sources (e.g., asserted <a href="/wiki/Birth_rates" class="mw-redirect" title="Birth rates">birth rates</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">fertility</a> rate assumptions for a given year were checked against Palestinian Ministry of Health figures as well as Ministry of Education school enrollment figures six years later; immigration numbers were checked against numbers collected at border crossings, etc.). The errors claimed in their analysis included: birth rate errors (308,000), immigration & emigration errors (310,000), failure to account for migration to Israel (105,000), double-counting <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> Arabs (210,000), counting former residents now living abroad (325,000) and other discrepancies (82,000). The results of their research was also presented before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> on 8 March 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The study was criticised by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_DellaPergola" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio DellaPergola">Sergio DellaPergola</a>, a demographer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Azure_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azure-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DellaPergola accused the authors of the AIDRG report of misunderstanding basic principles of demography on account of their lack of expertise in the subject, but he also acknowledged that he did not take into account the emigration of Palestinians and thinks it has to be examined, as well as the birth and mortality statistics of the Palestinian Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also accused AIDRG of selective use of data and multiple systematic errors in their analysis, claiming that the authors assumed the Palestinian Electoral registry to be complete even though registration is voluntary, and they used an unrealistically low Total Fertility Ratio (a statistical abstraction of births per woman) to reanalyse that data in a "typical circular mistake." DellaPergola estimated the Palestinian population of the West Bank and Gaza at the end of 2005 as 3.33 million, or 3.57 million if East Jerusalem is included. These figures are only slightly lower than the official Palestinian figures.<sup id="cite_ref-Azure_201-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azure-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Civil_Administration" title="Israeli Civil Administration">Israeli Civil Administration</a> put the number of Palestinians in the West Bank at 2,657,029 as of May 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AIDRG study was also criticized by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Lustick" title="Ian Lustick">Ian Lustick</a>, who accused its authors of multiple methodological errors and a political agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, at the request of the PLO, "Jordan revoked the citizenship of thousands of Palestinians to keep them from remaining permanently in the country."<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Palestinians have settled in the United States, particularly in the Chicago area.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In total, an estimated 600,000 Palestinians are thought to reside in the Americas. Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Emigration" title="Emigration">emigration</a> to <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> began for economic reasons that pre-dated the Arab-Israeli conflict, but continued to grow thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many emigrants were from the <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> area. Those emigrating to Latin America were mainly Christian. Half of those of Palestinian origin in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> live in <a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Chile" title="Palestinians in Chile">Chile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-laventana1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laventana1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a><sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a><sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also have substantial Palestinian populations. These two countries have had presidents of Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestry">ancestry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antonio_Saca" title="Antonio Saca">Antonio Saca</a> in El Salvador and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Roberto_Flores" title="Carlos Roberto Flores">Carlos Roberto Flores</a> in Honduras). <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, which has a smaller Palestinian population, has a Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">minister</a> – <a href="/wiki/Said_Musa" title="Said Musa">Said Musa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Schafik_Jorge_Handal" class="mw-redirect" title="Schafik Jorge Handal">Schafik Jorge Handal</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">Salvadoran</a> politician and former <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> leader, was the son of Palestinian immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-Mendez_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mendez-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refugees">Refugees</h3></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 250px; height: 600px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -50px; left: -0px; width: 600px"><div class="noresize"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap" style="width:600px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:600px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:600px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Palestinians is located in Levant"><img alt="Palestinians is located in Levant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Levant_adm_location_map.svg/600px-Levant_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="682" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Levant_adm_location_map.svg/900px-Levant_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Levant_adm_location_map.svg/1200px-Levant_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="725" /></span></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.114%;left:4.377%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Auja_al-Hafir" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.453%;left:11.822%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kurnub" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.727%;left:8.212%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tarabin_Bedouin" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.895%;left:13.411%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:73.734%;left:8.886%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:73.22%;left:5.784%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Imara" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.315%;left:6.793%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muharraqa" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.182%;left:7.352%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kawfakha" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.946%;left:7.623%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jammama" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.817%;left:6.917%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Huj,_Gaza" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.51%;left:10.133%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawayima" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.342%;left:6.651%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Najd,_Gaza" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.245%;left:6.278%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dimra" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.149%;left:6.747%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Simsim,_Gaza" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.11%;left:7.102%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Burayr" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.11%;left:9.494%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.355%;left:17.549%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Baysamun" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.975%;left:25.59%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:73.453%;left:2.813%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rafah_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.26%;left:20.478%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Baqa%27a_refugee_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.475%;left:5.548%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jabalia_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.665%;left:3.204%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.556%;left:4.949%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.539%;left:4.365%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.167%;left:15.312%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ain_al-Hilweh" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.972%;left:21.537%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Wehdat_refugee_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.01%;left:22.45%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Marka_refugee_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.868%;left:26.111%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jaramana_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.328%;left:19.954%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latakia_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.633%;left:4.477%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bureij" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.736%;left:13.534%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rashidieh" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.53%;left:21.182%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jabal_el-Hussein_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.845%;left:4.282%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Maghazi_(camp)" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.95%;left:21.016%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jerash_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.721%;left:20.556%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Irbid_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.791%;left:14.259%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Balata_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.793%;left:3.784%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.593%;left:21.167%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Husn_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.43%;left:13.765%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Burj_el-Shemali" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.299%;left:13.85%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shu%27fat_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.288%;left:25.957%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qabr_Essit" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.463%;left:11.494%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.626%;left:20.769%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Beddawi_refugee_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.147%;left:23.333%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zarqa_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.624%;left:16.704%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bourj_el-Barajneh_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.531%;left:20.949%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Souf_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.56%;left:14.416%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Askar_(camp)" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.563%;left:35.864%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Nayrab_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.674%;left:13.157%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dheisheh" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.629%;left:25.914%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kalandia_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.751%;left:14.293%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jenin_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.675%;left:13.462%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jalazone" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.443%;left:25.395%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sabinah_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.623%;left:30.082%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" 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style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wavel" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.682%;left:30.556%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hama_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" 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style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Far%27a" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.543%;left:21.657%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talbieh_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.439%;left:13.884%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ein_Beit_al-Ma%27" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.348%;left:13.461%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Am%27ari" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.198%;left:35.077%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ein_Al-Tal" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" 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style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mieh_Mieh_refugee_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.377%;left:13.322%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aida_(camp)" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.023%;left:17.407%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dbayeh_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.537%;left:16.069%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ein_as-Sultan_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.428%;left:13.357%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%27Azza" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.513%;left:12.21%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Deir_%27Ammar_Camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.268%;left:13.399%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qaddura" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.288%;left:16.54%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mar_Elias_refugee_camp" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/6px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/9px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.981%;left:7.352%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.302%;left:9.907%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Palestinians"><img alt="Palestinians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> </a></div>Clickable map of the <a href="/wiki/Depopulated_Palestinian_locations_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel">more than 400 depopulated towns and villages of the 1948 Palestinian exodus</a> (red) and the <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>60 modern day <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Palestinian refugee camps</a> (blue) </div> </div> </div><p> In 2006, there were 4,255,120 Palestinians registered as <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">refugees</a> with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency">United Nations Relief and Works Agency</a> (UNRWA). This number includes the <a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">descendants</a> of refugees who fled or were expelled during the 1948 war, but excludes those who have since then emigrated to areas outside of UNRWA's remit.<sup id="cite_ref-UNRWA_193-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNRWA-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on these figures, almost half of all Palestinians are registered refugees. The 993,818 Palestinian refugees in the Gaza Strip and 705,207 Palestinian refugees in the West Bank, who hail from towns and villages now located within the borders of Israel, are included in these figures.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_refugees.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Palestinian_refugees.jpg/220px-Palestinian_refugees.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Palestinian_refugees.jpg/330px-Palestinian_refugees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Palestinian_refugees.jpg/440px-Palestinian_refugees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian refugees in 1948</figcaption></figure><p>UNRWA figures do not include some 274,000 people, or 1 in 5.5 of all Arab residents of Israel, who are <a href="/wiki/Internally_Displaced_Palestinians" class="mw-redirect" title="Internally Displaced Palestinians">internally displaced Palestinian</a> refugees.<sup id="cite_ref-Badil_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badil-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IDMC_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDMC-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and the West Bank are organized according to a refugee family's village or place of origin. Among the first things that children born in the camps learn is the name of their village of origin. David McDowall writes that, "[...] a yearning for Palestine permeates the whole refugee community and is most ardently espoused by the younger refugees, for whom home exists only in the imagination."<sup id="cite_ref-McDowall90_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDowall90-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israeli policy to prevent the refugees from returning to their homes was initially formulated by David Ben Gurion and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Weitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Weitz">Joseph Weitz</a>, director of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund" title="Jewish National Fund">Jewish National Fund</a> was formally adopted by the Israeli cabinet in June 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December of that year the UN adopted <a href="/wiki/Resolution_194" class="mw-redirect" title="Resolution 194">resolution 194</a>, which resolved "that the refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbors should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date, and that compensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return and for loss of or damage to property which, under principles of international law or in equity, should be made good by the Governments or authorities responsible."<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MG_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MG-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MM_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite much of the international community, including the US President Harry Truman, insisting that the repatriation of Palestinian refugees was essential, Israel refused to accept the principle.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_221-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the intervening years Israel has consistently refused to change its position and has introduced further legislation to hinder Palestinians refugees from returning and reclaiming their land and confiscated property.<sup id="cite_ref-MG_220-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MG-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MM_221-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In keeping with an Arab League resolution in 1965, most Arab countries have refused to grant citizenship to Palestinians, arguing that it would be a threat to their <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">right of return</a> to their homes in Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-MG_220-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MG-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jpost287479_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jpost287479-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Egypt deviated from this practice by granting citizenship to 50,000 Palestinians, mostly from the Gaza Strip.<sup id="cite_ref-Jpost287479_222-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jpost287479-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palestinians living in Lebanon are deprived of basic civil rights. They cannot own homes or land and are barred from becoming lawyers, engineers and doctors.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Religion in the State of Palestine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:War_in_Gaza_047_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/War_in_Gaza_047_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-War_in_Gaza_047_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/War_in_Gaza_047_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/330px-War_in_Gaza_047_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/War_in_Gaza_047_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/440px-War_in_Gaza_047_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Praying Palestinians in Gaza in 2009</figcaption></figure><p> The majority of Palestinians are Muslim,<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the vast majority of whom are followers of the <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a small minority of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a> represent a significant minority of 6%, and belong to several denominations, followed by much smaller religious communities, including <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Palestinian Jews</a> – considered Palestinian by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Charter">Palestinian National Charter</a> adopted by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) which defined them as those "Jews who had normally resided in Palestine until the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> invasion" – today identify as Israelis<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (with the exception of a very few individuals). Palestinian Jews almost universally abandoned any such identity after the establishment of Israel and their incorporation into the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Israel" title="Demographics of Israel">Israeli Jewish</a> population, which was originally composed of <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Jewish immigrants</a> from around the world.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_29872_Cities_in_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/PikiWiki_Israel_29872_Cities_in_Israel.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_29872_Cities_in_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/PikiWiki_Israel_29872_Cities_in_Israel.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_29872_Cities_in_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/PikiWiki_Israel_29872_Cities_in_Israel.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_29872_Cities_in_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Silhouette of <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a></figcaption></figure><p>Until the end of the 19th century, cross-cultural <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretism</a> between Islamic and Christian symbols and figures in religious practice was common in the Palestinian countryside, where most villages did not have local mosques or churches.<sup id="cite_ref-Qleibo_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qleibo-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular feast days, such as <a href="/wiki/Thursday_of_the_Dead" title="Thursday of the Dead">Thursday of the Dead</a>, were celebrated by both Muslims and Christians and shared prophets and saints include <a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>, who is venerated in <a href="/wiki/Halhul" title="Halhul">Halhul</a> as both a Biblical and Islamic prophet, and <a href="/wiki/St._George" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George">St. George</a>, who is known in Arabic as <a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">al-Khdir</a>. Villagers would pay tribute to local patron saints at <a href="/wiki/Maqam_(shrine)" title="Maqam (shrine)">maqams</a> – domed single rooms often placed in the shadow of an ancient <a href="/wiki/Carob" title="Carob">carob</a> or <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak tree</a>; many of them are rooted in Jewish, Samaritan, Christian and sometimes pagan traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saints, taboo by the standards of orthodox Islam, mediated between man and God, and shrines to saints and holy men dotted the Palestinian landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-Qleibo_228-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qleibo-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ali Qleibo, a Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologist</a>, states that this built evidence constitutes "an architectural testimony to Christian/Moslem Palestinian religious sensibility and its roots in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">ancient Semitic religions</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Qleibo_228-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qleibo-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Religion as constitutive of individual identity was accorded a minor role within Palestinian social structure until the latter half of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Qleibo_228-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qleibo-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jean Moretain, a priest writing in 1848, wrote that a Christian in Palestine was "distinguished only by the fact that he belonged to a particular clan. If a certain tribe was Christian, then an individual would be Christian, but without knowledge of what distinguished his faith from that of a Muslim."<sup id="cite_ref-Qleibo_228-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qleibo-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christians_from_Gaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Christians_from_Gaza.jpg/220px-Christians_from_Gaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Christians_from_Gaza.jpg/330px-Christians_from_Gaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Christians_from_Gaza.jpg/440px-Christians_from_Gaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption>Christians from <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The concessions granted to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and other Western powers by the Ottoman Sultanate in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> had a significant impact on contemporary Palestinian religious cultural identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Qleibo_228-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qleibo-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Religion was transformed into an element "constituting the individual/collective identity in conformity with orthodox precepts", and formed a major building block in the political development of Palestinian nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-Qleibo_228-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qleibo-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">British census of 1922</a> registered 752,048 inhabitants in Palestine, consisting of 660,641 Palestinian Arabs (Muslim and Christian Arabs), 83,790 Palestinian Jews, and 7,617 persons belonging to other groups. The corresponding percentage breakdown is 87% Muslim and Christian Arab and 11% Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA-JNF022334.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA-JNF022334.jpeg/220px-%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA-JNF022334.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA-JNF022334.jpeg/330px-%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA-JNF022334.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA-JNF022334.jpeg/440px-%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA-JNF022334.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> family making bread 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>Bernard Sabella of <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_University" title="Bethlehem University">Bethlehem University</a> estimates that 6% of the Palestinian population worldwide is Christian and that 56% of them live outside of historic Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Academic_Society_for_the_Study_of_International_Affairs" title="Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs">Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs</a>, the Palestinian population of the West Bank and Gaza Strip is 97% Muslim and 3% Christian. The vast majority of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_community_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian community in Chile">Palestinian community in Chile</a> follow Christianity, largely <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, and in fact the number of Palestinian Christians in <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">the diaspora</a> in Chile alone exceeds the number of those who have remained in their homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-Holston_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holston-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint George is the patron saint of the Palestinian Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> became Israeli citizens and Druze males serve in the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>, though some individuals identify as "Palestinian Druze".<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Salih al-Shaykh, most Druze do not consider themselves to be Palestinian: "their Arab identity emanates in the main from the common language and their socio-cultural background, but is detached from any national political conception. It is not directed at Arab countries or Arab nationality or the Palestinian people, and does not express sharing any fate with them. From this point of view, their identity is Israel, and this identity is stronger than their Arab identity".<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also about 350 <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a> who carry Palestinian identity cards and live in the West Bank while a roughly equal number live in <a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a> and carry Israeli citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-Amid_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amid-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who live in the West Bank also are represented in the legislature for the Palestinian National Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-Amid_236-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amid-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are commonly referred to among Palestinians as the "Jews of Palestine", and maintain their own unique cultural identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Amid_236-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amid-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jews who identify as Palestinian Jews are few, but include Israeli Jews who are part of the <a href="/wiki/Neturei_Karta" title="Neturei Karta">Neturei Karta</a> group,<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Uri_Davis" title="Uri Davis">Uri Davis</a>, an Israeli citizen and self-described Palestinian Jew (who converted to Islam in 2008 in order to marry Miyassar Abu Ali) who serves as an observer member in the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_National_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine National Council">Palestine National Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'u'lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> spent his last years in <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, then part of the Ottoman Empire. He remained there for 24 years, where a <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh">shrine</a> was erected in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PSmith26_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSmith26-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock,_Jerusalem2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Dome of the Rock in the Old City of Jerusalem"><img alt="The Dome of the Rock in the Old City of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Exterior_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock%2C_Jerusalem2.jpg/270px-Exterior_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock%2C_Jerusalem2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Exterior_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock%2C_Jerusalem2.jpg/405px-Exterior_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock%2C_Jerusalem2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Exterior_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock%2C_Jerusalem2.jpg/540px-Exterior_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock%2C_Jerusalem2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3784" data-file-height="2523" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, the holiest site in Christianity"><img alt="The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, the holiest site in Christianity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/271px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/407px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/542px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> in Jerusalem, the holiest site in Christianity</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_Christian_Scouts_Nativity_Church_in_Bethlehem_Christmas_Eve_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palestinian Christian Scouts on Christmas Eve in front of the Nativity Church in Bethlehem, 2006"><img alt="Palestinian Christian Scouts on Christmas Eve in front of the Nativity Church in Bethlehem, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Palestinian_Christian_Scouts_Nativity_Church_in_Bethlehem_Christmas_Eve_2006.jpg/240px-Palestinian_Christian_Scouts_Nativity_Church_in_Bethlehem_Christmas_Eve_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Palestinian_Christian_Scouts_Nativity_Church_in_Bethlehem_Christmas_Eve_2006.jpg/360px-Palestinian_Christian_Scouts_Nativity_Church_in_Bethlehem_Christmas_Eve_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Palestinian_Christian_Scouts_Nativity_Church_in_Bethlehem_Christmas_Eve_2006.jpg/480px-Palestinian_Christian_Scouts_Nativity_Church_in_Bethlehem_Christmas_Eve_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palestinian Christian Scouts on Christmas Eve in front of the Nativity Church in <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, 2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hebron001.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron"><img alt="Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hebron001.JPG/241px-Hebron001.JPG" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hebron001.JPG/361px-Hebron001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hebron001.JPG/481px-Hebron001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1281" data-file-height="959" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of the Patriarchs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Zakai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palestinian Jews in Ben Zakai house of prayer, Jerusalem, 1893"><img alt="Palestinian Jews in Ben Zakai house of prayer, Jerusalem, 1893" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ben_Zakai.jpg/288px-Ben_Zakai.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ben_Zakai.jpg/432px-Ben_Zakai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ben_Zakai.jpg/577px-Ben_Zakai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1551" data-file-height="969" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palestinian Jews in Ben Zakai house of prayer, Jerusalem, 1893</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_6935_In_the_holy_place_of_jethro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Shuaib in Hittin"><img alt="Tomb of Shuaib in Hittin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/PikiWiki_Israel_6935_In_the_holy_place_of_jethro.jpg/240px-PikiWiki_Israel_6935_In_the_holy_place_of_jethro.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/PikiWiki_Israel_6935_In_the_holy_place_of_jethro.jpg/360px-PikiWiki_Israel_6935_In_the_holy_place_of_jethro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/PikiWiki_Israel_6935_In_the_holy_place_of_jethro.jpg/480px-PikiWiki_Israel_6935_In_the_holy_place_of_jethro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuaib</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hittin" title="Hittin">Hittin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1840_jer_salat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palestinian Muslims pray in Jerusalem, 1840. By David Roberts, in The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia"><img alt="Palestinian Muslims pray in Jerusalem, 1840. By David Roberts, in The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1840_jer_salat.jpg/272px-1840_jer_salat.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1840_jer_salat.jpg/408px-1840_jer_salat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1840_jer_salat.jpg/544px-1840_jer_salat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palestinian Muslims pray in Jerusalem, 1840. By <a href="/wiki/David_Roberts_(painter)" title="David Roberts (painter)">David Roberts</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Land,_Syria,_Idumea,_Arabia,_Egypt,_and_Nubia" title="The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia">The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Palestinian Christian family in Ramallah, 1905"><img alt="A Palestinian Christian family in Ramallah, 1905" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg/247px-Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg/371px-Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Ramallah-Family-1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="324" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Palestinian Christian family in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, 1905</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orthodox_priest_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palestinian Eastern Orthodox priest from Jerusalem with his family of three generations, circa 1893"><img alt="Palestinian Eastern Orthodox priest from Jerusalem with his family of three generations, circa 1893" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Orthodox_priest_family.jpg/171px-Orthodox_priest_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Orthodox_priest_family.jpg/257px-Orthodox_priest_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Orthodox_priest_family.jpg/342px-Orthodox_priest_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> priest from Jerusalem with his family of three generations, circa 1893</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_demographics">Current demographics</h3></div> <p>According to the PCBS, there are an estimated 4,816,503 Palestinians in the Palestinian territories as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinians&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, of whom 2,935,368 live in the West Bank and 1,881,135 in the Gaza Strip.<sup id="cite_ref-PCBS_187-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBS-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a>, there were 1,658,000 Arab citizens of Israel as of 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-ICBS2013_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICBS2013-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both figures include Palestinians in East Jerusalem. </p><p>In 2008, Minority Rights Group International estimated the number of Palestinians in Jordan to be about 3 million.<sup id="cite_ref-MRPal_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MRPal-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a> put their number at 2.3 million as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinians&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-unjo_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unjo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Palestinian Arabic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Areen_Omari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Areen_Omari.jpg/220px-Areen_Omari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Areen_Omari.jpg/330px-Areen_Omari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Areen_Omari.jpg/440px-Areen_Omari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Areen_Omari" title="Areen Omari">Areen Omari</a>, a Palestinian actress and producer, attends a motion picture ceremony</figcaption></figure><p>Palestinian Arabic is a subgroup of the broader <a href="/wiki/Levantine_Arabic" title="Levantine Arabic">Levantine Arabic</a> dialect. Prior to the 7th century Islamic Conquest and <a href="/wiki/Arabization" title="Arabization">Arabization</a> of the Levant, the primary languages spoken in Palestine, among the predominantly <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Jewish</a> communities, were <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> was also spoken in some areas.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinian Arabic, like other variations of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levantine</a> dialect, exhibits substantial influences in <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexicon</a> from Aramaic.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenfieldp158_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenfieldp158-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palestinian Arabic has three primary sub-variations, Rural, Urban, and Bedouin, with the pronunciation of the <i>Qāf</i> serving as a <a href="/wiki/Shibboleth" title="Shibboleth">shibboleth</a> to distinguish between the three main Palestinian sub-dialects: The urban variety notes a [Q] sound, while the rural variety (spoken in the villages around major cities) have a [K] for the [Q]. The Bedouin variety of Palestine (spoken mainly in the southern region and along the Jordan valley) use a [G] instead of [Q].<sup id="cite_ref-Ammon_246-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ammon-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Barbara McKean Parmenter has noted that the Arabs of Palestine have been credited with the preservation of the original <a href="/wiki/Place_names_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Place names in Palestine">Semitic place names</a> of many sites mentioned in the Bible, as was documented by the American geographer <a href="/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)" title="Edward Robinson (scholar)">Edward Robinson</a> in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Parmenter11_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parmenter11-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palestinians who live or work in Israel generally can also speak <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern Hebrew</a>, as do some who live in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Education in the State of Palestine">Education in the State of Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Israel#Arab_sector" title="Education in Israel">Education in Israel § Arab sector</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/330px-Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/440px-Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian schoolgirls</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Kerry_Speaks_With_Palestinian_Youth_in_Bethlehem_(10708795753).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Secretary_Kerry_Speaks_With_Palestinian_Youth_in_Bethlehem_%2810708795753%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Kerry_Speaks_With_Palestinian_Youth_in_Bethlehem_%2810708795753%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Secretary_Kerry_Speaks_With_Palestinian_Youth_in_Bethlehem_%2810708795753%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Kerry_Speaks_With_Palestinian_Youth_in_Bethlehem_%2810708795753%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Secretary_Kerry_Speaks_With_Palestinian_Youth_in_Bethlehem_%2810708795753%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Kerry_Speaks_With_Palestinian_Youth_in_Bethlehem_%2810708795753%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2596" data-file-height="1580" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian students and <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The literacy rate of Palestine was 96.3% according to a 2014 report by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>, which is high by international standards. There is a gender difference in the population aged above 15 with 5.9% of women considered illiterate compared to 1.6% of men.<sup id="cite_ref-UNDP2014_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNDP2014-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Illiteracy among women has fallen from 20.3% in 1997 to less than 6% in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-UNDP2014_248-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNDP2014-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palestinian intellectuals, among them <a href="/wiki/May_Ziadeh" title="May Ziadeh">May Ziadeh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Beidas" title="Khalil Beidas">Khalil Beidas</a>, were an integral part of the Arab intelligentsia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Educational levels among Palestinians have traditionally been high. In the 1960s the West Bank had a higher percentage of its adolescent population enrolled in high school education than did Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cheysson" title="Claude Cheysson">Claude Cheysson</a>, France's Minister for Foreign Affairs under the first <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a> Presidency, held in the mid-eighties that, 'even thirty years ago, (Palestinians) probably already had the largest educated elite of all the Arab peoples.'<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contributions to Palestinian culture have been made by diaspora figures including <a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghada_Karmi" title="Ghada Karmi">Ghada Karmi</a>, Arab citizens of Israel including <a href="/wiki/Emile_Habibi" title="Emile Habibi">Emile Habibi</a>, and Jordanians including <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Nasrallah" title="Ibrahim Nasrallah">Ibrahim Nasrallah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pontas_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pontas-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women_and_family">Women and family</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Palestine" title="Women in Palestine">Women in Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_families" title="Palestinian families">Palestinian families</a></div> <p>In the 19th and early 20th century, there were some well known Palestinian families, which included the <a href="/wiki/Khalidi_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalidi family">Khalidi family</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Al-Husayni_family" title="Al-Husayni family">al-Husayni family</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nashashibi_family" title="Nashashibi family">Nashashibi family</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tuqan_family" title="Tuqan family">Tuqan family</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nusaybah_family" title="Nusaybah family">Nusaybah family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qudwa" title="Qudwa">Qudwa</a> family, <a href="/wiki/Shawish_clan" title="Shawish clan">Shawish clan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shurrab_family" title="Shurrab family">Shurrab family</a>, Al-Zaghab family, <a href="/wiki/Al-Khalil_family" title="Al-Khalil family">Al-Khalil family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ridwan_dynasty" title="Ridwan dynasty">Ridwan dynasty</a>, Al-Zeitawi family, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghosh_clan" title="Abu Ghosh clan">Abu Ghosh clan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barghouti_family" title="Barghouti family">Barghouti family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doghmush_clan" title="Doghmush clan">Doghmush clan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douaihy" title="Douaihy">Douaihy</a> family, <a href="/wiki/Hilles_clan" title="Hilles clan">Hilles clan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarrar_family" title="Jarrar family">Jarrar family</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jayyusi_family" title="Jayyusi family">Jayyusi family</a>. Since various conflicts with Zionists began, some of the communities have subsequently left Palestine. The role of women varies among Palestinians, with both progressive and ultra-conservative opinions existing. Other groups of Palestinians, such as the <a href="/wiki/Negev_Bedouin" title="Negev Bedouin">Negev Bedouins</a> or <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> may no longer self-identify as Palestinian for political reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Palestine" title="Culture of Palestine">Culture of Palestine</a></div><p> Ali Qleibo, a Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologist</a>, has critiqued Muslim historiography for assigning the beginning of Palestinian cultural identity to the advent of Islam in the 7th century. In describing the effect of such historiography, he writes: </p><blockquote><p><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Pagan</a> origins are disavowed. As such the peoples who populated Palestine throughout history have discursively rescinded their own history and religion as they adopted the religion, language, and culture of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-Qleibo_228-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qleibo-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> That the peasant culture of the large <a href="/wiki/Fellahin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellahin">fellahin</a> class showed features of cultures other than Islam was a conclusion arrived at by some Western scholars and explorers who mapped and surveyed Palestine during the latter half of the 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and these ideas were to influence 20th-century debates on Palestinian identity by local and international ethnographers. The contributions of the 'nativist' <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnographies</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan" title="Tawfiq Canaan">Tawfiq Canaan</a> and other Palestinian writers and published in <i>The Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society</i> (1920–48) were driven by the concern that the "native culture of Palestine", and in particular peasant society, was being undermined by the forces of <a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">modernity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tamari_255-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tamari-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salim Tamari writes that: </p><blockquote><p>Implicit in their scholarship (and made explicit by Canaan himself) was another theme, namely that the peasants of Palestine represent—through their folk norms ... the living heritage of all the accumulated ancient cultures that had appeared in Palestine (principally the Canaanite, Philistine, <a href="/wiki/Hebrews" title="Hebrews">Hebraic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nabatean" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabatean">Nabatean</a>, Syrio-Aramaic and Arab).<sup id="cite_ref-Tamari_255-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tamari-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Palestinian culture is closely related to those of the nearby Levantine countries such as Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan, and the Arab World. Cultural contributions to the fields of <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">costume</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisine</a> express the characteristics of the Palestinian experience and show signs of common origin despite the geographical separation between the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>, Israel and the diaspora.<sup id="cite_ref-Elmokadem_256-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elmokadem-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moran_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moran-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_Capital_of_Arab_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Quds Capital of Arab Culture">Al-Quds Capital of Arab Culture</a> is an initiative undertaken by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="Arab Capital of Culture">Cultural Capitals Program</a> to promote Arab culture and encourage cooperation in the Arab region. The opening event was launched in March 2009. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MarktJaffaGustavBauernfeind1887.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/MarktJaffaGustavBauernfeind1887.jpg/200px-MarktJaffaGustavBauernfeind1887.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/MarktJaffaGustavBauernfeind1887.jpg/300px-MarktJaffaGustavBauernfeind1887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/MarktJaffaGustavBauernfeind1887.jpg/400px-MarktJaffaGustavBauernfeind1887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1387" data-file-height="1043" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian market at <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, 1877 painting</figcaption></figure> <p>Palestine's history of rule by many different empires is reflected in Palestinian cuisine, which has benefited from various cultural contributions and exchanges. Generally speaking, modern Syrian-Palestinian dishes have been influenced by the rule of three major Islamic groups: the Arabs, the <a href="/wiki/Persian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian cuisine">Persian</a>-influenced Arabs and the <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CDN_259-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDN-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arabs who conquered Syria and Palestine had simple culinary traditions primarily based on the use of rice, lamb and yogurt, as well as dates.<sup id="cite_ref-ArabNet_260-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArabNet-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The already simple cuisine did not advance for centuries due to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>'s strict rules of parsimony and restraint, until the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasids</a>, who established <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> as their capital. Baghdad was historically located on Persian soil and henceforth, Persian culture was integrated into Arab culture during the 9th–11th centuries and spread throughout central areas of the empire.<sup id="cite_ref-CDN_259-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDN-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several foods native to Palestine that are well known in the Arab world, such as, <i><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">kinafe Nabulsi</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Nabulsi_cheese" title="Nabulsi cheese">Nabulsi cheese</a> (cheese of <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ackawi_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Ackawi cheese">Ackawi cheese</a> (cheese of <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Musakhan" title="Musakhan">musakhan</a></i>. <i>Kinafe</i> originated in Nablus, as well as the sweetened <i>Nabulsi</i> cheese used to fill it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Another very popular food is Palestinian Kofta or Kufta.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mezze" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezze">Mezze</a> describes an assortment of dishes laid out on the table for a meal that takes place over several hours, a characteristic common to <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> cultures. Some common mezze dishes are <i><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">hummus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tabouleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabouleh">tabouleh</a></i>,<i><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">baba ghanoush</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Labaneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labaneh">labaneh</a></i>, and <i>zate 'u <a href="/wiki/Zaatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaatar">zaatar</a></i>, which is the pita bread dipping of olive oil and ground <a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sesame_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame seeds">sesame seeds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Entr%C3%A9e" title="Entrée">Entrées</a> that are eaten throughout the Palestinian territories, include <i><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">waraq al-'inib</a></i> – boiled <a href="/wiki/Grape_leaves" title="Grape leaves">grape leaves</a> wrapped around cooked <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> and ground <a href="/wiki/Domestic_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic sheep">lamb</a>. <i>Mahashi</i> is an assortment of stuffed vegetables such as, zucchinis, potatoes, cabbage and in Gaza, chard.<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mushakhan_Dish.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Musakhan: The Palestinian National dish."><img alt="Musakhan: The Palestinian National dish." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mushakhan_Dish.jpg/120px-Mushakhan_Dish.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mushakhan_Dish.jpg/180px-Mushakhan_Dish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mushakhan_Dish.jpg/240px-Mushakhan_Dish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Musakhan" title="Musakhan">Musakhan</a>: The Palestinian National dish.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hummuswithpinenuts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A plate of hummus, garnished with paprika and olive oil and pine nuts"><img alt="A plate of hummus, garnished with paprika and olive oil and pine nuts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Hummuswithpinenuts.jpg/120px-Hummuswithpinenuts.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Hummuswithpinenuts.jpg/180px-Hummuswithpinenuts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Hummuswithpinenuts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A plate of <a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">hummus</a>, garnished with <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">pine nuts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Palestinian youth serving Falafel in Ramallah."><img alt="A Palestinian youth serving Falafel in Ramallah." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG/120px-Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG/180px-Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG/240px-Il_Falafel_di_Ramallah.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2019" data-file-height="1644" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Palestinian youth serving <a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%BCnefe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kanafeh: a Palestinian dessert."><img alt="Kanafeh: a Palestinian dessert." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/K%C3%BCnefe.jpg/120px-K%C3%BCnefe.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/K%C3%BCnefe.jpg/180px-K%C3%BCnefe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/K%C3%BCnefe.jpg/240px-K%C3%BCnefe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">Kanafeh</a>: a Palestinian dessert.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_art" title="Palestinian art">Palestinian art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Umm_el-Fahem_Art_Gallery.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Umm_el-Fahem_Art_Gallery.JPG/220px-Umm_el-Fahem_Art_Gallery.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Umm_el-Fahem_Art_Gallery.JPG/330px-Umm_el-Fahem_Art_Gallery.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Umm_el-Fahem_Art_Gallery.JPG/440px-Umm_el-Fahem_Art_Gallery.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm_Art_Gallery" title="Umm al-Fahm Art Gallery">Umm al-Fahm Art Gallery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Similar to the structure of Palestinian society, the Palestinian field of arts extends over four main geographic centers: the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Palestinian diaspora</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>, and the Palestinian diaspora in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-Zvi_264-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zvi-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Cinema</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Cinema of Palestine</a></div> <p>Palestinian cinematography, relatively young compared to <a href="/wiki/Arab_cinema" title="Arab cinema">Arab cinema</a> overall, receives much European and Israeli support.<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinian films are not exclusively produced in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>; some are made in English, French or Hebrew.<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 800 films have been produced about Palestinians, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and other related topics.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Examples include <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Intervention_(2002_film)" title="Divine Intervention (2002 film)">Divine Intervention</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Now" title="Paradise Now">Paradise Now</a></i>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaffa_Alhambra_Cinema03562ucroped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Alhamra Cinema, Jaffa, 1937, bombed December 1947"><img alt="The Alhamra Cinema, Jaffa, 1937, bombed December 1947" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Jaffa_Alhambra_Cinema03562ucroped.jpg/114px-Jaffa_Alhambra_Cinema03562ucroped.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Jaffa_Alhambra_Cinema03562ucroped.jpg/171px-Jaffa_Alhambra_Cinema03562ucroped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Jaffa_Alhambra_Cinema03562ucroped.jpg/229px-Jaffa_Alhambra_Cinema03562ucroped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2954" data-file-height="3101" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Alhamra Cinema, <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, 1937, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Irgun_attacks" title="List of Irgun attacks">bombed December 1947</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Halhul,_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Villagers in Halhul at an open-air cinema screening c. 1940"><img alt="Villagers in Halhul at an open-air cinema screening c. 1940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Halhul%2C_1940.jpg/80px-Halhul%2C_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Halhul%2C_1940.jpg/119px-Halhul%2C_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Halhul%2C_1940.jpg/159px-Halhul%2C_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="515" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Villagers in <a href="/wiki/Halhul" title="Halhul">Halhul</a> at an open-air cinema screening c. 1940</div> </li> </ul> <dl><dt>Handicrafts</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_handicrafts" title="Palestinian handicrafts">Palestinian handicrafts</a></div> <p>A wide variety of handicrafts, many of which have been produced in the area of Palestine for hundreds of years, continue to be produced today. Palestinian handicrafts include <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_costumes#Palestinian_embroidery" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian costumes">embroidery</a> and weaving, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian pottery">pottery</a>-making, <a href="/wiki/Nabulsi_soap" title="Nabulsi soap">soap</a>-making, <a href="/wiki/Hebron_glass" title="Hebron glass">glass-making</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a>-wood and <a href="/wiki/Mother-of-Pearl_carving_in_Bethlehem" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother-of-Pearl carving in Bethlehem">Mother of Pearl carvings</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobs_267-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobs-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Karmi_268-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karmi-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Traditional costumes</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_costumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian costumes">Palestinian costumes</a></div> <p>Foreign travelers to Palestine in the late 19th and early 20th centuries often commented on the rich variety of costumes among the area's inhabitants, and particularly among the <a href="/wiki/Fellaheen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellaheen">fellaheen</a> or village women. Until the 1940s, a woman's economic status, whether married or single, and the town or area they were from could be deciphered by most Palestinian women by the type of cloth, colors, cut, and <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidery</a> motifs, or lack thereof, used for the robe-like dress or "thoub" in Arabic.<sup id="cite_ref-Aramco_269-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aramco-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New styles began to appear in the 1960s. For example, the "six-branched dress" named after the six wide bands of embroidery running down from the waist.<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These styles came from the refugee camps, particularly after 1967. Individual village styles were lost and replaced by an identifiable "Palestinian" style.<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shawal, a style popular in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> before the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a>, probably evolved from one of the many <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">welfare</a> embroidery projects in the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine refugee camps">refugee camps</a>. It was a shorter and narrower fashion, with a western cut.<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Betlehem_woman_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A woman from Bethlehem, c. 1940s."><img alt="A woman from Bethlehem, c. 1940s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Betlehem_woman_b.jpg/135px-Betlehem_woman_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Betlehem_woman_b.jpg/203px-Betlehem_woman_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Betlehem_woman_b.jpg/270px-Betlehem_woman_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3607" data-file-height="4802" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A woman from Bethlehem, c. 1940s.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 95.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 93.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramallah_woman2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Young woman of Ramallah wearing dowry headdress, c. 1898–1914"><img alt="Young woman of Ramallah wearing dowry headdress, c. 1898–1914" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ramallah_woman2.jpg/140px-Ramallah_woman2.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ramallah_woman2.jpg/210px-Ramallah_woman2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ramallah_woman2.jpg/280px-Ramallah_woman2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5261" data-file-height="6759" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Young woman of Ramallah wearing <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a> headdress, c. 1898–1914</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramlah_costumewo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramallah woman, c. 1920, Library of Congress"><img alt="Ramallah woman, c. 1920, Library of Congress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ramlah_costumewo.jpg/126px-Ramlah_costumewo.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ramlah_costumewo.jpg/189px-Ramlah_costumewo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ramlah_costumewo.jpg/253px-Ramlah_costumewo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ramallah woman, c. 1920, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Traditional Women's Dress in Ramallah, c. 1920."><img alt="A Traditional Women's Dress in Ramallah, c. 1920." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg/126px-Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg/189px-Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg/252px-Arabic-traditional-Dress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Traditional Women's Dress in Ramallah, c. 1920.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Girls in Bethlehem costume pre-1885."><img alt="Girls in Bethlehem costume pre-1885." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg/144px-Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg/216px-Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg/288px-Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Girls in Bethlehem costume pre-1885.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_literature" title="Palestinian literature">Palestinian literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan_Abulhawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Susan_Abulhawa.jpg/220px-Susan_Abulhawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Susan_Abulhawa.jpg/330px-Susan_Abulhawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Susan_Abulhawa.jpg/440px-Susan_Abulhawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2694" data-file-height="2694" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian novelist and non-fiction writer <a href="/wiki/Susan_Abulhawa" title="Susan Abulhawa">Susan Abulhawa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MahmoudDarwish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/MahmoudDarwish.jpg/220px-MahmoudDarwish.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/MahmoudDarwish.jpg/330px-MahmoudDarwish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/MahmoudDarwish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Darwish" title="Mahmoud Darwish">Mahmoud Darwish</a>, Palestinian poet</figcaption></figure> <p>Palestinian literature forms part of the wider genre of <a href="/wiki/Arabic_literature" title="Arabic literature">Arabic literature</a>. Unlike its Arabic counterparts, Palestinian literature is defined by national affiliation rather than territorially. For example, Egyptian literature is the literature produced in Egypt. This too was the case for Palestinian literature up to the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab-Israeli_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Arab-Israeli war">1948 Arab-Israeli war</a>, but following the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">Palestinian Exodus</a> of 1948 it has become "a literature written by Palestinians" regardless of their residential status.<sup id="cite_ref-Kochavi_273-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kochavi-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Suleiman2006_274-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suleiman2006-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contemporary Palestinian literature is often characterized by its heightened sense of <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">irony</a> and the exploration of existential themes and issues of identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Suleiman2006_274-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suleiman2006-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> References to the subjects of resistance to occupation, <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exile</a>, loss, and love and longing for <a href="/wiki/Homeland" title="Homeland">homeland</a> are also common.<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinian literature can be intensely political, as underlined by writers such as <a href="/wiki/Salma_Khadra_Jayyusi" title="Salma Khadra Jayyusi">Salma Khadra Jayyusi</a> and novelist <a href="/wiki/Liana_Badr" title="Liana Badr">Liana Badr</a>, who have mentioned the need to give expression to the Palestinian "collective identity" and the "just case" of their struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-Soueif_276-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soueif-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also resistance to this school of thought, whereby Palestinian artists have "rebelled" against the demand that their art be "committed".<sup id="cite_ref-Soueif_276-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soueif-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poet <a href="/wiki/Mourid_Barghouti" title="Mourid Barghouti">Mourid Barghouti</a> for example, has often said that "poetry is not a civil servant, it's not a soldier, it's in nobody's employ."<sup id="cite_ref-Soueif_276-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soueif-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rula_Jebreal" title="Rula Jebreal">Rula Jebreal</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Miral" title="Miral">Miral</a></i> tells the story of <a href="/wiki/Hind_al-Husseini" title="Hind al-Husseini">Hind al-Husseini</a>'s effort to establish an <a href="/wiki/Orphanage" title="Orphanage">orphanage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin massacre</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the establishment of the state of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. </p><p>Since 1967, most critics have theorized the existence of three "branches" of Palestinian literature, loosely divided by geographic location: 1) from inside Israel, 2) from the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">occupied territories</a>, 3) from among the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Palestinian diaspora</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Salaita_279-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salaita-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hannah Amit-Kochavi recognizes only two branches: that written by Palestinians from inside the State of Israel as distinct from that written outside (ibid., p. 11).<sup id="cite_ref-Kochavi_273-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kochavi-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also posits a temporal distinction between literature produced before 1948 and that produced thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-Kochavi_273-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kochavi-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2003 article published in <i>Studies in the Humanities</i>, Steven Salaita posits a fourth branch made up of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> works, particularly those written by Palestinians in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, which he defines as "writing rooted in diasporic countries but focused in theme and content on <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Salaita_279-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salaita-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naomishihabnye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Naomishihabnye.jpg/220px-Naomishihabnye.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Naomishihabnye.jpg/330px-Naomishihabnye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Naomishihabnye.jpg/440px-Naomishihabnye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palestinian-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian-American">Palestinian-American</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Shihab_Nye" title="Naomi Shihab Nye">Naomi Shihab Nye</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Poetry, using classical pre-Islamic forms, remains an extremely popular art form, often attracting Palestinian audiences in the thousands. Until 20 years ago, local folk bards reciting traditional verses were a feature of every Palestinian town.<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin41_280-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin41-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 1948 Palestinian exodus and discrimination by neighboring Arab countries, poetry was transformed into a vehicle for political activism.<sup id="cite_ref-Caplan_163-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caplan-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From among those Palestinians who became <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab citizens of Israel</a> after the passage of the Citizenship Law in 1952, a school of resistance poetry was born that included poets including <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Darwish" title="Mahmoud Darwish">Mahmoud Darwish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samih_al-Qasim" title="Samih al-Qasim">Samih al-Qasim</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tawfiq_Zayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawfiq Zayyad">Tawfiq Zayyad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin41_280-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin41-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work of these poets was largely unknown to the wider Arab world for years because of the lack of diplomatic relations between Israel and Arab governments. The situation changed after <a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Kanafani" title="Ghassan Kanafani">Ghassan Kanafani</a>, another Palestinian writer in exile in Lebanon, published an anthology of their work in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin41_280-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin41-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinian poets often write about the common theme of a strong affection and sense of loss and longing for a lost homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin41_280-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin41-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the new generation of Palestinian writers, the work of <a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Handal" title="Nathalie Handal">Nathalie Handal</a> an award-winning poet, playwright, and editor has been widely published in literary journals and magazines and has been translated into twelve languages.<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samah_Sabawi_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Samah_Sabawi_2.jpg/220px-Samah_Sabawi_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Samah_Sabawi_2.jpg/330px-Samah_Sabawi_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Samah_Sabawi_2.jpg/440px-Samah_Sabawi_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2569" data-file-height="3641" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samah_Sabawi" title="Samah Sabawi">Samah Sabawi</a> is a Palestinian dramatist, writer and journalist.</figcaption></figure> <p>Palestinian folklore is the body of expressive culture, including tales, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legends</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proverb" title="Proverb">proverbs</a>, jokes, popular beliefs, <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">customs</a>, and comprising the traditions (including oral traditions) of Palestinian culture. There was a folklorist revival among Palestinian intellectuals such as Nimr Sirhan, Musa Allush, Salim Mubayyid, and the Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a> Society during the 1970s. This group attempted to establish pre-Islamic (and pre-Hebraic) cultural roots for a re-constructed Palestinian national identity. The two putative roots in this patrimony are Canaanite and Jebusite.<sup id="cite_ref-Tamari_255-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tamari-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such efforts seem to have borne fruit as evidenced in the organization of celebrations including the <a href="/wiki/Qabatiya" title="Qabatiya">Qabatiya</a> Canaanite festival and the annual Music Festival of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Yabus</a> by the Palestinian Ministry of Culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Tamari_255-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tamari-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditional storytelling among Palestinians is prefaced with an invitation to the listeners to give blessings to God and the Prophet Mohammed or the Virgin Mary as the case may be, and includes the traditional opening: "There was, or there was not, in the oldness of time..."<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin41_280-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin41-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Muhawi_282-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhawi-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formulaic elements of the stories share much in common with the wider Arab world, though the rhyming scheme is distinct. There are a cast of supernatural characters: <a href="/wiki/Jinns" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinns">djinns</a> who can cross the Seven Seas in an instant, giants, and ghouls with eyes of ember and teeth of brass. Stories invariably have a happy ending, and the storyteller will usually finish off with a rhyme like: "The bird has taken flight, God bless you tonight", or "Tutu, tutu, finished is my <i>haduttu</i> (story)."<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin41_280-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin41-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamanjeh,_and_performer_on_it,_p._578_in_Thomson,_1859.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kamanjeh%2C_and_performer_on_it%2C_p._578_in_Thomson%2C_1859.jpg/210px-Kamanjeh%2C_and_performer_on_it%2C_p._578_in_Thomson%2C_1859.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kamanjeh%2C_and_performer_on_it%2C_p._578_in_Thomson%2C_1859.jpg/315px-Kamanjeh%2C_and_performer_on_it%2C_p._578_in_Thomson%2C_1859.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kamanjeh%2C_and_performer_on_it%2C_p._578_in_Thomson%2C_1859.jpg/420px-Kamanjeh%2C_and_performer_on_it%2C_p._578_in_Thomson%2C_1859.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kamanjah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamanjah">Kamanjeh</a> performer in Jerusalem, 1859<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian music">Palestinian music</a> is well known throughout the Arab world.<sup id="cite_ref-Poche_284-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poche-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1948, a new wave of performers emerged with distinctively Palestinian themes relating to dreams of statehood and burgeoning nationalist sentiments. In addition to <i><a href="/wiki/Zajal" title="Zajal">zajal</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ataaba" title="Ataaba">ataaba</a></i>, traditional Palestinian songs include: <i>Bein Al-dawai</i>, <i>Al-Rozana</i>, <i>Zarif – Al-Toul</i>, and <i>Al-Maijana</i>, <i>Dal'ona</i>, <i>Sahja/Saamir</i>, <i>Zaghareet</i>. Over three decades, the Palestinian National Music and Dance Troupe (El Funoun) and <a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Subhi" title="Mohsen Subhi">Mohsen Subhi</a> have reinterpreted and rearranged traditional wedding songs such as <i>Mish'al</i> (1986), <i>Marj Ibn 'Amer</i>(1989) and <i>Zaghareed</i> (1997).<sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ataaba</i> is a form of folk singing that consists of four verses, following a specific form and meter. The distinguishing feature of ataaba is that the first three verses end with the same word meaning three different things, and the fourth verse serves as a conclusion. It is usually followed by a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalouna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalouna (page does not exist)">dalouna</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Reem_Kelani" title="Reem Kelani">Reem Kelani</a> is one of the foremost researchers and performers in the present day of music with a specifically Palestinian narrative and heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her 2006 debut solo album <i>Sprinting Gazelle – Palestinian Songs from the Motherland and the Diaspora</i> comprised Kelani's research and an arrangement of five traditional Palestinian songs, whilst the other five songs were her own musical settings of popular and resistance poetry by the likes of Mahmoud Darwish, <a href="/wiki/Salma_Khadra_Jayyusi" title="Salma Khadra Jayyusi">Salma Khadra Jayyusi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Hussein" title="Rashid Hussein">Rashid Husain</a> and Mahmoud Salim al-Hout.<sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the songs on the album relate to 'pre-1948 Palestine'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palestinian_hip_hop">Palestinian hip hop</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_hip_hop" title="Palestinian hip hop">Palestinian hip hop</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_hip_hop" title="Palestinian hip hop">Palestinian hip hop</a> reportedly started in 1998 with <a href="/wiki/Tamer_Nafar" title="Tamer Nafar">Tamer Nafar</a>'s group <a href="/wiki/DAM_(band)" title="DAM (band)">DAM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-288"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Palestinian youth forged the new Palestinian musical subgenre, which blends <a href="/wiki/Arabic_music" title="Arabic music">Arabic melodies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> beats. Lyrics are often sung in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, English, and sometimes French. Since then, the new Palestinian musical subgenre has grown to include artists in the Palestinian territories, Israel, Great Britain, the United States and Canada.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DJ_Khaled_2012_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/DJ_Khaled_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-DJ_Khaled_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/DJ_Khaled_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-DJ_Khaled_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/DJ_Khaled_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-DJ_Khaled_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1561" data-file-height="1981" /></a><figcaption>American radio personality and record producer <a href="/wiki/DJ_Khaled" title="DJ Khaled">DJ Khaled</a>, of Palestinian descent</figcaption></figure><p>Borrowing from <a href="/wiki/Old_school_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Old school hip-hop">traditional rap music</a> that first emerged in New York in the 1970s, "young Palestinian musicians have tailored the style to express their own grievances with the social and political climate in which they live and work." Palestinian hip hop works to challenge <a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">stereotypes</a> and instigate dialogue about the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinian hip-hop artists have been strongly influenced by the messages of American rappers. Tamar Nafar says, "When I heard Tupac sing 'It's a White Man's World' I decided to take hip hop seriously".<sup id="cite_ref-Maira_290-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maira-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the influences from American hip hop, it also includes musical elements from Palestinian and Arabic music including "zajal, mawwal, and saj" which can be likened to Arabic spoken word, as well as including the percussiveness and lyricism of Arabic music. </p><p>Historically, music has served as an integral accompaniment to various social and religious rituals and ceremonies in Palestinian society (Al-Taee 47). Much of the Middle-Eastern and Arabic string instruments utilized in classical Palestinian music are sampled over Hip-hop beats in both Israeli and Palestinian hip-hop as part of a joint process of localization. Just as the percussiveness of the Hebrew language is emphasized in Israeli Hip-hop, Palestinian music has always revolved around the rhythmic specificity and smooth melodic tone of Arabic. "Musically speaking, Palestinian songs are usually pure melody performed monophonically with complex vocal ornamentations and strong percussive rhythm beats".<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of a hand-drum in classical Palestinian music indicates a cultural esthetic conducive to the vocal, verbal and instrumental percussion which serve as the foundational elements of Hip-hop. This hip hop is joining a "longer tradition of revolutionary, underground, Arabic music and political songs that have supported Palestinian Resistance".<sup id="cite_ref-Maira_290-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maira-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This subgenre has served as a way to politicize the Palestinian issue through music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dance">Dance</h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dabke</a>, a Levantine Arab folk dance style whose local Palestinian versions were appropriated by Palestinian nationalism after <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967</a>, has, according to one scholar, possible roots that may go back to ancient <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> fertility rites.<sup id="cite_ref-Canaan_292-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canaan-292"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is marked by synchronized jumping, stamping, and movement, similar to tap dancing. One version is performed by men, another by women. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Debka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palestinian Dabke folk dance being performed by men"><img alt="Palestinian Dabke folk dance being performed by men" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Debka.jpg/120px-Debka.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Debka.jpg/180px-Debka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Debka.jpg/240px-Debka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dabke</a> folk dance being performed by men</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Betlehem_woman_dancing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palestinian women dancing traditionally, Bethlehem c. 1936"><img alt="Palestinian women dancing traditionally, Bethlehem c. 1936" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Betlehem_woman_dancing.jpg/120px-Betlehem_woman_dancing.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Betlehem_woman_dancing.jpg/180px-Betlehem_woman_dancing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Betlehem_woman_dancing.jpg/240px-Betlehem_woman_dancing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="661" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palestinian women dancing traditionally, <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> c. 1936</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Palestine">Sport in Palestine</a></div> <p>Although sport facilities did exist before the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a>, many such facilities and institutions were subsequently shut down. Today there remains sport centers such as in Gaza and Ramallah, but the difficulty of mobility and travel restrictions means most Palestinian are not able to compete internationally to their full potential. However, Palestinian sport authorities have indicated that Palestinians in the diaspora will be eligible to compete for Palestine once the diplomatic and security situation improves. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Machete_Kills%22_red_carpet_-_10594982886.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marko Zaror, Chilean martial artist of Palestinian descent."><img alt="Marko Zaror, Chilean martial artist of Palestinian descent." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%22Machete_Kills%22_red_carpet_-_10594982886.jpg/80px-%22Machete_Kills%22_red_carpet_-_10594982886.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%22Machete_Kills%22_red_carpet_-_10594982886.jpg/120px-%22Machete_Kills%22_red_carpet_-_10594982886.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%22Machete_Kills%22_red_carpet_-_10594982886.jpg/160px-%22Machete_Kills%22_red_carpet_-_10594982886.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Marko_Zaror" title="Marko Zaror">Marko Zaror</a>, Chilean martial artist of Palestinian descent.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_Massu_2007_Australian_Open_R1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicolás Massú, Chilean tennis player of Palestinian descent."><img alt="Nicolás Massú, Chilean tennis player of Palestinian descent." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nicolas_Massu_2007_Australian_Open_R1.jpg/76px-Nicolas_Massu_2007_Australian_Open_R1.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nicolas_Massu_2007_Australian_Open_R1.jpg/114px-Nicolas_Massu_2007_Australian_Open_R1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nicolas_Massu_2007_Australian_Open_R1.jpg/153px-Nicolas_Massu_2007_Australian_Open_R1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Mass%C3%BA" title="Nicolás Massú">Nicolás Massú</a>, Chilean tennis player of Palestinian descent.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestino_-_O%27Higgins_20190405_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roberto Bishara is a footballer of Palestinian descent."><img alt="Roberto Bishara is a footballer of Palestinian descent." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Palestino_-_O%27Higgins_20190405_13.jpg/112px-Palestino_-_O%27Higgins_20190405_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Palestino_-_O%27Higgins_20190405_13.jpg/167px-Palestino_-_O%27Higgins_20190405_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Palestino_-_O%27Higgins_20190405_13.jpg/223px-Palestino_-_O%27Higgins_20190405_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2668" data-file-height="2870" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Bishara" title="Roberto Bishara">Roberto Bishara</a> is a footballer of Palestinian descent.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinians" title="List of Palestinians">List of Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Palestine" title="History of agriculture in Palestine">History of agriculture in Palestine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> See: <a href="/wiki/White_Australia_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="White Australia Policy">White Australia Policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_Australians" title="Arab Australians">Arab Australians</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="/wiki/International_Work_Group_for_Indigenous_Affairs" title="International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs">International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs</a>, the "Indigenous Peoples of Palestine are the Bedouin Jahalin, al-Kaabneh, al-Azazmeh, al-Ramadin and al-Rshaida".<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PCBS_2022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCBS_2022_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCBS_2022_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCBS_2022_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCBS_2022_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/portals/_pcbs/PressRelease/Press_En_InterPopDay2022E.pdf">"Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) Presents the Conditions of Palestinian Populations on the Occasion of the International Population Day, 11/07/2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS). 7 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231127221910/https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/portals/_pcbs/PressRelease/Press_En_InterPopDay2022E.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28PCBS%29+Presents+the+Conditions+of+Palestinian+Populations+on+the+Occasion+of+the+International+Population+Day%2C+11%2F07%2F2022&rft.pub=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28PCBS%29&rft.date=2022-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcbs.gov.ps%2Fportals%2F_pcbs%2FPressRelease%2FPress_En_InterPopDay2022E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWWGazaStrip-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WWWGazaStrip_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWWGazaStrip_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWWGazaStrip_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip">"Where We Work – Gaza Strip"</a>. UNRWA. August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200425065115/https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+We+Work+%E2%80%93+Gaza+Strip&rft.pub=UNRWA&rft.date=2023-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwhere-we-work%2Fgaza-strip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maan11716-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maan11716_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maan11716_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160713062707/http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=772177">"PCBS reports Palestinian population growth to 4.81 million"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_News_Agency" title="Ma'an News Agency">Ma'an News Agency</a></i>. 11 July 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=772177">the original</a> on 13 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ma%27an+News+Agency&rft.atitle=PCBS+reports+Palestinian+population+growth+to+4.81+million&rft.date=2016-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maannews.com%2FContent.aspx%3Fid%3D772177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/west-bank/">"West Bank"</a>. <i>The World Fact Book</i>. CIA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722231029/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/west-bank/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Fact+Book&rft.atitle=West+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fwest-bank%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCBS2015-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PCBS2015_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503230209/https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/site/512/default.aspx?tabID=512&lang=en&ItemID=1566&mid=3171&wversion=Staging">"PCBS: The Palestinians at the end of 2015"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a>. 30 December 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/site/512/default.aspx?tabID=512&lang=en&ItemID=1566&mid=3171&wversion=Staging">the original</a> on 3 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PCBS%3A+The+Palestinians+at+the+end+of+2015&rft.pub=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2015-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcbs.gov.ps%2Fsite%2F512%2Fdefault.aspx%3FtabID%3D512%26lang%3Den%26ItemID%3D1566%26mid%3D3171%26wversion%3DStaging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unjo-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unjo_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unjo_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unjo_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan">"Where We Work - Jordan"</a>. <i>UNRWA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331181426/https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Where+We+Work+-+Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwhere-we-work%2Fjordan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/PressRelease/pop_2009-E.pdf">"Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) Press Release"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010094916/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/PressRelease/pop_2009-E.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28PCBS%29+Press+Release&rft.pub=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcbs.gov.ps%2FPortals%2F_pcbs%2FPressRelease%2Fpop_2009-E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-population-approaches-9-7-million-as-2022-comes-to-an-end/">"Israel's population approaches 9.7 million as 2022 comes to an end"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>. 29 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602142255/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-population-approaches-9-7-million-as-2022-comes-to-an-end/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+population+approaches+9.7+million+as+2022+comes+to+an+end&rft.date=2022-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fisraels-population-approaches-9-7-million-as-2022-comes-to-an-end%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNRWA2019-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNRWA2019_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNRWA2019_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work">"Where We Work UNRWA"</a>. <i>UNRWA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230707222721/https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pew Research Center. 9 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200521075104/https://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World%E2%80%99s+Muslims%3A+Unity+and+Diversity&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+Religious+Affiliation&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2012%2F08%2F09%2Fthe-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation%2F%23identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHajjejAlmawiArnaiz-VillenaHattab2018" class="citation journal cs1">Hajjej, Abdelhafidh; Almawi, Wassim Y.; Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio; Hattab, Lasmar; Hmida, Slama (9 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5844529">"The genetic heterogeneity of Arab populations as inferred from HLA genes"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>13</b> (3): e0192269. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PLoSO..1392269H">2018PLoSO..1392269H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0192269">10.1371/journal.pone.0192269</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5844529">5844529</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29522542">29522542</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=The+genetic+heterogeneity+of+Arab+populations+as+inferred+from+HLA+genes&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e0192269&rft.date=2018-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5844529%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018PLoSO..1392269H&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29522542&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0192269&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Hajjej&rft.aufirst=Abdelhafidh&rft.au=Almawi%2C+Wassim+Y.&rft.au=Arnaiz-Villena%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Hattab%2C+Lasmar&rft.au=Hmida%2C+Slama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5844529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandesTriskaPereiraAlshamali2015" class="citation journal cs1">Fernandes, Verónica; Triska, Petr; Pereira, Joana B.; Alshamali, Farida; Rito, Teresa; Machado, Alison; Fajkošová, Zuzana; Cavadas, Bruno; Černý, Viktor; Soares, Pedro; Richards, Martin B.; Pereira, Luísa (2015). Chaubey, Gyaneshwer (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349752">"Genetic Stratigraphy of Key Demographic Events in Arabia"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>10</b> (3): e0118625. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1018625F">2015PLoSO..1018625F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0118625">10.1371/journal.pone.0118625</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349752">4349752</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738654">25738654</a>. <q>Palestinians (similar to the Samaritans and some of the Druze), highlighting their primarily indigenous origin</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Genetic+Stratigraphy+of+Key+Demographic+Events+in+Arabia&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e0118625&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4349752%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015PLoSO..1018625F&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25738654&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0118625&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Fernandes&rft.aufirst=Ver%C3%B3nica&rft.au=Triska%2C+Petr&rft.au=Pereira%2C+Joana+B.&rft.au=Alshamali%2C+Farida&rft.au=Rito%2C+Teresa&rft.au=Machado%2C+Alison&rft.au=Fajko%C5%A1ov%C3%A1%2C+Zuzana&rft.au=Cavadas%2C+Bruno&rft.au=%C4%8Cern%C3%BD%2C+Viktor&rft.au=Soares%2C+Pedro&rft.au=Richards%2C+Martin+B.&rft.au=Pereira%2C+Lu%C3%ADsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4349752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indigenous-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-indigenous_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indigenous_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFDowty2023">Dowty 2023</a>, 10. The Perfect Conflict: "Palestinians are the descendants of all the indigenous peoples who lived in Palestine over the centuries; since the seventh century, they have been predominantly Muslim in religion and almost completely Arab in language and culture."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFGelvin2021">Gelvin 2021</a>, p. 100: "Furthermore, Zionism itself was also defined by its opposition to the indigenous Palestinian inhabitants of the region. Both the 'conquest of land' and the 'conquest of labor' slogans that became central to the dominant strain of Zionism in the Yishuv originated as a result of the Zionist confrontation with the Palestinian 'other'."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFDanver2015">Danver 2015</a>, p. 554: "The origin of the term Palestinian is uncertain. Some historians connect it to the Philistines, a biblical people that resided on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea as early as the twelfth century B.C.E. Thus, Palestinians are considered by some to be the indigenous people of present-day Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. Other scholars dispute this view, asserting that Jews and others resided in Palestine—usually defined as the narrow strip of land bordered by the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea—long before these Arabs arrived in the seventh century."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFEsposito2004">Esposito 2004</a>, Arab-Israeli Conflict: "Although their leaders welcomed the Jews as refugees, many Palestinians (the indigenous Arab population of Palestine) viewed the arrival of Jewish settlers as a threat to their security and to their land."</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFWittes2005">Wittes 2005</a>, p. 5: "But given that the groups we are concerned with (Israelis and Palestinians) are ethnonational groups, their political cultures are heavily shaped by their ethnonational identities."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFJabareen2002">Jabareen 2002</a>, p. 214: "This blurring has led to a situation in which characteristics of the State of Israel are presented as characteristics of a nation-state, even though (de facto) it is a binational state, and Palestinian citizens are presented as an ethnic minority group although they are a homeland majority."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFHussainShumock2006">Hussain & Shumock 2006</a>, p. 269ff, 284: "The Palestinians...are an ethnic minority in their country of residence."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFNasser2013">Nasser 2013</a>, p. 69: "What is noteworthy here is the use of a general category 'Arabs', instead of a more specific one of 'Palestinians.' By turning to a general category, the particularity of Palestinians, among other ethnic and national groups, is erased and in its place Jordanian identity is implanted."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFHaklai2011">Haklai 2011</a>, p. 112: "...throughout the 1990s and 2000s a growing number of PAI political organizations have been increasingly promoting Palestinian consciousness, advancing ethnonationalist objectives, and demanding recognition of collective group rights."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu-RayyaAbu-Rayya2009" class="citation journal cs1">Abu-Rayya, Hisham Motkal; Abu-Rayya, Maram Hussien (2009). "Acculturation, religious identity, and psychological well-being among Palestinians in Israel". <i>International Journal of Intercultural Relations</i>. <b>33</b> (4): 325–331. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijintrel.2009.05.006">10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.05.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0147-1767">0147-1767</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Intercultural+Relations&rft.atitle=Acculturation%2C+religious+identity%2C+and+psychological+well-being+among+Palestinians+in+Israel&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=325-331&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijintrel.2009.05.006&rft.issn=0147-1767&rft.aulast=Abu-Rayya&rft.aufirst=Hisham+Motkal&rft.au=Abu-Rayya%2C+Maram+Hussien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoilanen-Miller" class="citation journal cs1">Moilanen-Miller, Heather. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010092821/http://www.iji.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.88/prod.823">"The Construction of Identity through Tradition: Palestinians in the Detroit Metro Area"</a>. <i>International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Science</i>. <b>4</b> (5): 143–150. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iji.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.88/prod.823">the original</a> on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Interdisciplinary+Social+Science&rft.atitle=The+Construction+of+Identity+through+Tradition%3A+Palestinians+in+the+Detroit+Metro+Area&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=143-150&rft.aulast=Moilanen-Miller&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iji.cgpublisher.com%2Fproduct%2Fpub.88%2Fprod.823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFNew_York_Times1978">New York Times 1978</a>: "The Palestinians are an Arab people, largely Moslem but with important numbers of Christians, who live in, once lived in, or trace their descent through parents or grandparents to the land once known as Palestine, which came under a British mandate in 1922 and now is the land of Israel, the West Bank of the Jordan and the Gaza Strip."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFYakobsonRubinstein2009">Yakobson & Rubinstein 2009</a>, p. 179: "Of course, the notion that the Palestinians are an Arab people, an integral part of the Arab world ('the Arab nation'), is wholly legitimate and natural, given the history and culture of the people in question."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFWilmer2021">Wilmer 2021</a>, p. 14: "People know who they are, where they live, and where their families have lived for centuries or millennia."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFAbu-LibdehTurnpennyTeebi2012">Abu-Libdeh, Turnpenny & Teebi 2012</a>, p. 700: "Palestinians are an indigenous people who either live in, or originate from, historical Palestine.... Although the Muslims guaranteed security and allowed religious freedom to all inhabitants of the region, the majority converted to Islam and adopted Arab culture."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFEncyclopedia_Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Palestine/Roman-Palestine#ref45060">From the Arab conquest to 1900</a>: "The process of Arabization and Islamization was gaining momentum there. It was one of the mainstays of Umayyad power and was important in their struggle against both Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula.... Conversions arising from convenience as well as conviction then increased. These conversions to Islam, together with a steady tribal inflow from the desert, changed the religious character of Palestine's inhabitants. The predominantly Christian population gradually became predominantly Muslim and Arabic-speaking. At the same time, during the early years of Muslim control of the city, a small permanent Jewish population returned to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> after a 500-year absence."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFLewis1999">Lewis 1999</a>, p. 169</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFParkes1970">Parkes 1970</a>, pp. 209–10: "the word 'Arab' needs to be used with care. It is applicable to the Bedouin and to a section of the urban and effendi classes; it is inappropriate as a description of the rural mass of the population, the fellaheen. The whole population spoke Arabic, usually corrupted by dialects bearing traces of words of other origin, but it was only the Bedouin who habitually thought of themselves as Arabs. Western travelers from the sixteenth century onwards make the same distinction, and the word 'Arab' almost always refers to them exclusively.... Gradually it was realized that there remained a substantial stratum of the pre-Israelite peasantry, and that the oldest element among the peasants were not 'Arabs' in the sense of having entered the country with or after the conquerors of the seventh century, had been there already when the Arabs came."</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-palestineeb-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-palestineeb_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palestineeb_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palestineeb_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEncyclopedia_Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Palestine/Palestine-and-the-Palestinians-1948-67#ref45075">The term 'Palestinian'</a>: "The Arabs of Palestine began widely using the term Palestinian starting in the pre–World War I period to indicate the nationalist concept of a Palestinian people. But after 1948—and even more so after 1967—for Palestinians themselves the term came to signify not only a place of origin but also, more importantly, a sense of a shared past and future in the form of a Palestinian state."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristison2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Christison" title="Kathleen Christison">Christison, Kathleen</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5hesBrK0vbcC&pg=PA32"><i>Perceptions of Palestine: Their Influence on U.S. Middle East Policy</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perceptions+of+Palestine%3A+Their+Influence+on+U.S.+Middle+East+Policy&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Christison&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5hesBrK0vbcC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreaOverfield2011" class="citation book cs1">Andrea, Alfred J.; Overfield, James H. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISU9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA437"><i>The Human Record: Sources of Global History, Volume II: Since 1500</i></a> (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 437. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-133-42004-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-133-42004-0"><bdi>978-1-133-42004-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Human+Record%3A+Sources+of+Global+History%2C+Volume+II%3A+Since+1500&rft.pages=437&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-133-42004-0&rft.aulast=Andrea&rft.aufirst=Alfred+J.&rft.au=Overfield%2C+James+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DISU9AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhalidi2010">Khalidi 2010</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YDPKFyZ38qsC&pg=PA24">24–26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchamSalemPogrund2005" class="citation book cs1">Scham, Paul; Salem, Walid; Pogrund, Benjamin, eds. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c-cviX0c63YC&pg=PA72"><i>Shared Histories: A Palestinian-Israeli Dialogue</i></a>. Left Coast Press. pp. 69–73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59874-013-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59874-013-4"><bdi>978-1-59874-013-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129192547/https://books.google.com/books?id=c-cviX0c63YC&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shared+Histories%3A+A+Palestinian-Israeli+Dialogue&rft.pages=69-73&rft.pub=Left+Coast+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-59874-013-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc-cviX0c63YC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Likhovski-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Likhovski_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Likhovski_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Likhovski_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLikhovski2006" class="citation book cs1">Likhovski, Assaf (2006). <i>Law and identity in mandate Palestine</i>. The University of North Carolina Press. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3017-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3017-8"><bdi>978-0-8078-3017-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Law+and+identity+in+mandate+Palestine&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-3017-8&rft.aulast=Likhovski&rft.aufirst=Assaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelvin2014-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gelvin2014_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelvin2014" class="citation book cs1">Gelvin, James L. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GDaZAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93"><i>The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War</i></a> (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-47077-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-47077-4"><bdi>978-1-107-47077-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129192547/https://books.google.com/books?id=GDaZAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>Palestinian nationalism emerged during the interwar period in response to Zionist immigration and settlement. The fact that Palestinian nationalism developed later than Zionism and indeed in response to it does not in any way diminish the legitimacy of Palestinian nationalism or make it less valid than Zionism. All nationalisms arise in opposition to some "other". Why else would there be the need to specify who you are? And all nationalisms are defined by what they oppose. As we have seen, Zionism itself arose in reaction to anti-Semitic and exclusionary nationalist movements in Europe. It would be perverse to judge Zionism as somehow less valid than European anti-Semitism or those nationalisms. . . Furthermore, Zionism itself was also defined by its opposition to the indigenous Palestinian inhabitants of the region. Both the "conquest of land" and the "conquest of labor" slogans that became central to the dominant strain of Zionism in the Yishuv originated as a result of the Zionist confrontation with the Palestinian "other".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israel-Palestine+Conflict%3A+One+Hundred+Years+of+War&rft.pages=93&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-47077-4&rft.aulast=Gelvin&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGDaZAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1999">Lewis 1999</a>, p. 169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalidip18-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidip18_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidip18_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidip18_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhalidi2010">Khalidi 2010</a>, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMEU-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMEU_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMEU_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063651/http://imeu.net/news/article0046.shtml">"Who Represents the Palestinians Officially Before the World Community?"</a>. Institute for Middle East Understanding. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imeu.net/news/article0046.shtml">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Represents+the+Palestinians+Officially+Before+the+World+Community%3F&rft.pub=Institute+for+Middle+East+Understanding&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimeu.net%2Fnews%2Farticle0046.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Palestinian+Authority">"Palestinian Authority definition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TheFreeDictionary.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheFreeDictionary.com">TheFreeDictionary.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815084541/https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Palestinian+Authority">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Authority+definition&rft.pub=TheFreeDictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com%2FPalestinian%2BAuthority&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2015" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Perry_Anderson" title="Perry Anderson">Anderson, Perry</a> (November–December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newleftreview.org/II/96/perry-anderson-the-house-of-zion">"The House of Zion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Left_Review" title="New Left Review">New Left Review</a></i>. No. 96. pp. 5–37, p.31 n.55. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501112400/https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii96/articles/perry-anderson-the-house-of-zion">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Left+Review&rft.atitle=The+House+of+Zion&rft.issue=96&rft.pages=5-37%2C+p.31+n.55&rft.date=2015-11%2F2015-12&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Perry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewleftreview.org%2FII%2F96%2Fperry-anderson-the-house-of-zion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span>, citing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrynenE-Rifai2013" class="citation book cs1">Brynen, Rex; E-Rifai, Roula, eds. (2013). <i>Compensation to Palestinian Refugees and the Search for Palestinian-Israeli Peace</i>. London: Pluto Press. p. 10,132–69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compensation+to+Palestinian+Refugees+and+the+Search+for+Palestinian-Israeli+Peace&rft.place=London&rft.pages=10%2C132-69&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ember2005-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ember2005_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarsoun2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Farsoun, Samih K. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC&pg=PA234">"Palestinian Diaspora"</a>. In Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian A. (eds.). <i>Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World</i>. Springer. pp. 234–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-48321-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-48321-9"><bdi>978-0-306-48321-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193828/https://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC&pg=PA234#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Diaspora&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Diasporas%3A+Immigrant+and+Refugee+Cultures+Around+the+World&rft.pages=234-&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-306-48321-9&rft.aulast=Farsoun&rft.aufirst=Samih+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7QEjPVyd9YMC%26pg%3DPA234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-critical-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-critical_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-critical_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowty2004" class="citation book cs1">Dowty, Alan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MEE2Erm6qIMC&pg=PA110"><i>Critical issues in Israeli society</i></a>. Greenwood. p. 110.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+issues+in+Israeli+society&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Dowty&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMEE2Erm6qIMC%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWWWestBank-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WWWWestBank_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank">"Where We Work – West Bank"</a>. UNRWA. 1 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115052901/https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+We+Work+%E2%80%93+West+Bank&rft.pub=UNRWA&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwhere-we-work%2Fwest-bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArzt1997" class="citation book cs1">Arzt, Donna E. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/refugeesintociti00arzt/page/74"><i>Refugees into Citizens – Palestinians and the end of the Arab-Israeli conflict</i></a>. Council on Foreign Relations. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/refugeesintociti00arzt/page/74">74</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87609-194-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87609-194-4"><bdi>978-0-87609-194-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Refugees+into+Citizens+%E2%80%93+Palestinians+and+the+end+of+the+Arab-Israeli+conflict&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-87609-194-4&rft.aulast=Arzt&rft.aufirst=Donna+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frefugeesintociti00arzt%2Fpage%2F74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCBSJordan-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PCBSJordan_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/portals/_pcbs/PressRelease/Press_En_PalestiniansEOY2012E.pdf">"Palestinians at the end of 2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815084517/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/portals/_pcbs/PressRelease/Press_En_PalestiniansEOY2012E.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinians+at+the+end+of+2012&rft.pub=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcbs.gov.ps%2Fportals%2F_pcbs%2FPressRelease%2FPress_En_PalestiniansEOY2012E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Exception-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Exception_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">With the exception of Bks. 1, 105; 3.91.1, and 4.39, 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herodotus1-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herodotus1_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> describes its scope in the Fifth Satrapy of the Persians as follows: "From the town of Posidium, [...] on the border between <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a> and Syria, as far as <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> – omitting Arabian territory, which was free of tax, came 350 talents. This province contains the whole of Phoenicia and that part of Syria which is called Palestine, and Cyprus. This is the fifth Satrapy." (from <a href="#CITEREFHerodotus">Herodotus</a>, Book 3, 8th logos).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohenp36-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohenp36_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen2006">Cohen 2006</a>, p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herodotus2-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herodotus2_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerodotus">Herodotus</a>, Bks. 2:104 (Φοἰνικες δἐ καὶ Σὐριοι οἱ ἑν τᾔ Παλαιστἰνῃ, "Phoinikes de kaì Surioi oi en té Palaistinē"); 3:5; 7:89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kasher-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kasher_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKasher1990">Kasher 1990</a>, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsheri2007" class="citation book cs1">Asheri, David (2007). <i>A Commentary on Herodotus, Books 1–4</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 402. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'the Syrians called Palestinians', at the time of Herodotus were a mixture of Phoenicians, Philistines, Arabs, Egyptians, and perhaps also other peoples. . . Perhaps the circumcised 'Syrians called Palestinians' are the Arabs and Egyptians of the Sinai coast; at the time of Herodotus there were few Jews in the coastal area.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Commentary+on+Herodotus%2C+Books+1%E2%80%934&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Asheri&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowWells1928" class="citation book cs1">How, W.W.; Wells, J., eds. (1928). <i>A Commentary on Herodotus</i>. Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 219.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Commentary+on+Herodotus&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-strange159-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-strange159_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-strange159_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrange1980" class="citation book cs1">Strange, John (1980). "pwlɜsɜtj". <i>Caphtor/Keftiu: a new investigation</i>. Brill. p. 159.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=pwl%C9%9Cs%C9%9Ctj&rft.btitle=Caphtor%2FKeftiu%3A+a+new+investigation&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Strange&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AK2013-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AK2013_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKillebrew2013" class="citation cs2">Killebrew, Ann E. (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gBCl2IQfNioC&pg=PA1">"The Philistines and Other "Sea Peoples" in Text and Archaeology"</a>, <i>Society of Biblical Literature Archaeology and biblical studies</i>, vol. 15, Society of Biblical Lit, p. 2, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781589837218" title="Special:BookSources/9781589837218"><bdi>9781589837218</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129192547/https://books.google.com/books?id=gBCl2IQfNioC&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false">archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+of+Biblical+Literature+Archaeology+and+biblical+studies&rft.atitle=The+Philistines+and+Other+%22Sea+Peoples%22+in+Text+and+Archaeology&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781589837218&rft.aulast=Killebrew&rft.aufirst=Ann+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgBCl2IQfNioC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span>. Quote: "First coined in 1881 by the French Egyptologist G. Maspero (1896), the somewhat misleading term "Sea Peoples" encompasses the ethnonyms Lukka, Sherden, Shekelesh, Teresh, Eqwesh, Denyen, Sikil / Tjekker, Weshesh, and Peleset (Philistines). [Footnote: The modern term "Sea Peoples" refers to peoples that appear in several New Kingdom Egyptian texts as originating from "islands" (tables 1–2; Adams and Cohen, this volume; see, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Robert_Drews" title="Robert Drews">Drews</a> 1993, 57 for a summary). The use of quotation marks in association with the term "Sea Peoples" in our title is intended to draw attention to the problematic nature of this commonly used term. It is noteworthy that the designation "of the sea" appears only in relation to the Sherden, Shekelesh, and Eqwesh. Subsequently, this term was applied somewhat indiscriminately to several additional ethnonyms, including the Philistines, who are portrayed in their earliest appearance as invaders from the north during the reigns of Merenptah and Ramesses Ill (see, e.g., Sandars 1978; Redford 1992, 243, n. 14; for a recent review of the primary and secondary literature, see Woudhuizen 2006). Hencefore the term Sea Peoples will appear without quotation marks.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drews48-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drews48_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrews1993" class="citation book cs1">Drews, Robert (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bFpK6aXEWN8C&pg=PA48"><i>The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe Ca. 1200 B.C.</i></a> Princeton University Press. pp. 48–61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-02591-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-02591-6"><bdi>0-691-02591-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129192547/https://books.google.com/books?id=bFpK6aXEWN8C&pg=PA48#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023. <q>The thesis that a great "migration of the Sea Peoples" occurred ca. 1200 B.C. is supposedly based on Egyptian inscriptions, one from the reign of Merneptah and another from the reign of Ramesses III. Yet in the inscriptions themselves such a migration nowhere appears. After reviewing what the Egyptian texts have to say about 'the sea peoples', one Egyptologist (Wolfgang Helck) recently remarked that although some things are unclear, "eins ist aber sicher: Nach den ägyptischen Texten haben wir es nicht mit einer "Völkerwanderung" zu tun." ("one thing is clear: according to the Egyptian texts, we are not dealing here with a '<a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Völkerwanderung</a>' [migration of peoples as in 4th–6th-century Europe].") Thus the migration hypothesis is based not on the inscriptions themselves but on their interpretation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+Bronze+Age%3A+Changes+in+Warfare+and+the+Catastrophe+Ca.+1200+B.C.&rft.pages=48-61&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-691-02591-6&rft.aulast=Drews&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbFpK6aXEWN8C%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGitin2010" class="citation book cs1">Gitin, Seymour (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1SXbIFYu-ZAC&pg=PA312">"Philistines in the Book of Kings"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lemaire" title="André Lemaire">Lemaire, André</a>; Halpern, Baruch; Adams, Matthew Joel (eds.). <i>The Books of Kings: Sources, Composition, Historiography and Reception</i>. BRILL. pp. 301–363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17729-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17729-1"><bdi>978-90-04-17729-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129192658/https://books.google.com/books?id=1SXbIFYu-ZAC&pg=PA312#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philistines+in+the+Book+of+Kings&rft.btitle=The+Books+of+Kings%3A+Sources%2C+Composition%2C+Historiography+and+Reception&rft.pages=301-363&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17729-1&rft.aulast=Gitin&rft.aufirst=Seymour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1SXbIFYu-ZAC%26pg%3DPA312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span>, for the Neo-Assyrian sources p.312: The four city-states of the late Philistine period (Iron Age II) are <i>Amqarrūna</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ekron" title="Ekron">Ekron</a>), <i>Asdūdu</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a>), <i>Hāzat</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a>), and <i>Isqalūna</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a>), with the former fifth capital, <a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a>, having been abandoned at this late phase.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H.H._Ben-Sasson,_1976,_page_334-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-H.H._Ben-Sasson,_1976,_page_334_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-H.H._Ben-Sasson,_1976,_page_334_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-Sasson1976" class="citation book cs1">Ben-Sasson, H.H. (1976). <i>A History of the Jewish People</i>. Harvard University Press. p. 334. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-39731-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-39731-2"><bdi>0-674-39731-2</bdi></a>. <q>In an effort to wipe out all memory of the bond between the Jews and the land, Hadrian changed the name of the province from Judaea to Syria-Palestina, a name that became common in non-Jewish literature.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Jewish+People&rft.pages=334&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-674-39731-2&rft.aulast=Ben-Sasson&rft.aufirst=H.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ariel_Lewin_p._33-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ariel_Lewin_p._33_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewin2005" class="citation book cs1">Lewin, Ariel (2005). <i>The archaeology of Ancient Judea and Palestine</i>. Getty Publications. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89236-800-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89236-800-4"><bdi>0-89236-800-4</bdi></a>. <q>It seems clear that by choosing a seemingly neutral name – one juxtaposing that of a neighboring province with the revived name of an ancient geographical entity (Palestine), already known from the writings of Herodotus – Hadrian was intending to suppress any connection between the Jewish people and that land.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+archaeology+of+Ancient+Judea+and+Palestine&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Getty+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-89236-800-4&rft.aulast=Lewin&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-F90-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-F90_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeldman1990">Feldman 1990</a>, p. 19: "While it is true that there is no evidence as to precisely who changed the name of Judaea to Palestine and precisely when this was done, circumstantial evidence would seem to point to Hadrian himself, since he is, it would seem, responsible for a number of decrees that sought to crush the national and religious spirit of thejews, whether these decrees were responsible for the uprising or were the result of it. In the first place, he refounded Jerusalem as a Graeco-Roman city under the name of Aelia Capitolina. He also erected on the site of the Temple another temple to Zeus."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobson200144-45-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobson200144-45_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacobson2001">Jacobson 2001</a>, p. 44-45: "Hadrian officially renamed Judea Syria Palaestina after his Roman armies suppressed the Bar-Kokhba Revolt (the Second Jewish Revolt) in 135 C.E.; this is commonly viewed as a move intended to sever the connection of the Jews to their historical homeland. However, that Jewish writers such as Philo, in particular, and Josephus, who flourished while Judea was still formally in existence, used the name Palestine for the Land of Israel in their Greek works, suggests that this interpretation of history is mistaken. Hadrian's choice of Syria Palaestina may be more correctly seen as a rationalization of the name of the new province, in accordance with its area being far larger than geographical Judea. Indeed, Syria Palaestina had an ancient pedigree that was intimately linked with the area of greater Israel."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohenp37-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohenp37_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen2006">Cohen 2006</a>, p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeldman1996553-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeldman1996553_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeldman1996">Feldman 1996</a>, p. 553.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kishp200-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kishp200_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKish1978">Kish 1978</a>, p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeškaFoster2021" class="citation journal cs1">Beška, Emmanuel; Foster, Zachary (July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/49925414">"The Origins of the term "Palestinian" ("Filasṭīnī") in late Ottoman Palestine, 1898–1914"</a>. <i>Academia Letters</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.20935%2FAL1884">10.20935/AL1884</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230622134525/https://www.academia.edu/49925414">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span> – via academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academia+Letters&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+the+term+%22Palestinian%22+%28%22Filas%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABn%C4%AB%22%29+in+late+Ottoman+Palestine%2C+1898%E2%80%931914&rft.date=2021-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.20935%2FAL1884&rft.aulast=Be%C5%A1ka&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft.au=Foster%2C+Zachary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F49925414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116190029/http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/chronology/14001962.htm">"Palestine Facts"</a>. PASSIA: Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/chronology/14001962.htm">the original</a> on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestine+Facts&rft.pub=PASSIA%3A+Palestinian+Academic+Society+for+the+Study+of+International+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.passia.org%2Fpalestine_facts%2Fchronology%2F14001962.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAP1-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAP1_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAP1_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCubert2014" class="citation book cs1">Cubert, Harold M. (3 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MHa3AwAAQBAJ"><i>The PFLP's Changing Role in the Middle East</i></a>. Routledge. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-22022-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-22022-8"><bdi>978-1-135-22022-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2023</span>. <q>That year, Al-Karmil was founded in Haifa 'with the purpose of opposing Zionist colonization...' and in 1911, Falastin began publication, referring to its readers, for the first time, as 'Palestinians'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+PFLP%27s+Changing+Role+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.isbn=978-1-135-22022-8&rft.aulast=Cubert&rft.aufirst=Harold+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMHa3AwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APP2-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APP2_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandel1976" class="citation book cs1">Mandel, Neville J. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kdnxxIskv_MC"><i>The Arabs and Zionism Before World War I</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02466-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02466-3"><bdi>978-0-520-02466-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2023</span>. <q>As befitted its name, Falastin regularly discussed questions to do with Palestine as if it were a distinct entity and, in writing against the Zionists, addressed its readers as 'Palestinians'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs+and+Zionism+Before+World+War+I&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02466-3&rft.aulast=Mandel&rft.aufirst=Neville+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkdnxxIskv_MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_the_United_Kingdom1930" class="citation web cs1">Government of the United Kingdom (31 December 1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070222095422/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/a47250072a3dd7950525672400783bde/c2feff7b90a24815052565e6004e5630%21OpenDocument">"Report by His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Palestine and Trans-Jordan for the Year 1930"</a>. <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/a47250072a3dd7950525672400783bde/c2feff7b90a24815052565e6004e5630!OpenDocument">the original</a> on 22 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+by+His+Majesty%27s+Government+in+the+United+Kingdom+of+Great+Britain+and+Northern+Ireland+to+the+Council+of+the+League+of+Nations+on+the+Administration+of+Palestine+and+Trans-Jordan+for+the+Year+1930&rft.pub=League+of+Nations&rft.date=1930-12-31&rft.au=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2Fa47250072a3dd7950525672400783bde%2Fc2feff7b90a24815052565e6004e5630%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kershner-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kershner_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershner2007" class="citation news cs1">Kershner, Isabel (8 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016194050/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/08/africa/web.0208israel.php">"Noted Arab citizens call on Israel to shed Jewish identity"</a>. <i>International Herald Tribune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/08/africa/web.0208israel.php">the original</a> on 16 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Noted+Arab+citizens+call+on+Israel+to+shed+Jewish+identity&rft.date=2007-02-08&rft.aulast=Kershner&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2F2007%2F02%2F08%2Fafrica%2Fweb.0208israel.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFR-Kurlantzick-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CFR-Kurlantzick_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacfarlane2021" class="citation news cs1">Macfarlane, Julia (21 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/uprisings-palestinians-israeli-citizenship/story?id=77741627">"Behind the uprisings among Palestinians with Israeli citizenship"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011104824/https://abcnews.go.com/International/uprisings-palestinians-israeli-citizenship/story?id=77741627">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Behind+the+uprisings+among+Palestinians+with+Israeli+citizenship&rft.date=2021-05-21&rft.aulast=Macfarlane&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fuprisings-palestinians-israeli-citizenship%2Fstory%3Fid%3D77741627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-charter-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-charter_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-charter_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100909035853/http://www.un.int/palestine/PLO/PNAcharter.html">"The Palestinian National Charter"</a>. Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. 1968. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.int/palestine/PLO/PNAcharter.html">the original</a> on 9 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Palestinian+National+Charter&rft.pub=Permanent+Observer+Mission+of+Palestine+to+the+United+Nations&rft.date=1968&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.int%2Fpalestine%2FPLO%2FPNAcharter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Draft-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Draft_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708061923/http://www.jmcc.org/documents/palestineconstitution-eng.pdf">"Constitution of the State of Palestine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Constitution Committee of the Palestine National Council Third Draft, 7 March 2003, revised on 25 March 2003. 25 March 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmcc.org/documents/palestineconstitution-eng.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2007</span> – via Jerusalem Media and Communication Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+State+of+Palestine&rft.pub=Constitution+Committee+of+the+Palestine+National+Council+Third+Draft%2C+7+March+2003%2C+revised+on+25+March+2003&rft.date=2003-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jmcc.org%2Fdocuments%2Fpalestineconstitution-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span> The most recent draft of the Palestinian constitution would amend that definition such that, "Palestinian nationality shall be regulated by law, without prejudice to the rights of those who legally acquired it prior to May 10, 1948 or the rights of the Palestinians residing in Palestine prior to this date, and who were forced into exile or departed there from and denied return thereto. This right passes on from fathers or mothers to their progenitor. It neither disappears nor elapses unless voluntarily relinquished."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nebel200022-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nebel200022_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNebelFilonWeissWeale2000" class="citation journal cs1">Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Weiss, Deborah A.; Weale, Michael; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella; Thomas, Mark G. (December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/Nebel-HG-00-IPArabs.pdf">"High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Human Genetics</i>. <b>107</b> (6): 630–641. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs004390000426">10.1007/s004390000426</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11153918">11153918</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8136092">8136092</a>. <q>According to historical records part, or perhaps the majority, of the Muslim Arabs in this country descended from local inhabitants, mainly Christians and Jews, who had converted after the Islamic conquest in the seventh century AD (Shaban 1971; Mc Graw Donner 1981). These local inhabitants, in turn, were descendants of the core population that had lived in the area for several centuries, some even since prehistorical times (Gil 1992)... Thus, our findings are in good agreement with the historical record...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=High-resolution+Y+chromosome+haplotypes+of+Israeli+and+Palestinian+Arabs+reveal+geographic+substructure+and+substantial+overlap+with+haplotypes+of+Jews&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=630-641&rft.date=2000-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8136092%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11153918&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs004390000426&rft.aulast=Nebel&rft.aufirst=Almut&rft.au=Filon%2C+Dvora&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Deborah+A.&rft.au=Weale%2C+Michael&rft.au=Faerman%2C+Marina&rft.au=Oppenheim%2C+Ariella&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Mark+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Ftcga%2Ftcgapdf%2FNebel-HG-00-IPArabs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agranat22-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Agranat22_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agranat22_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgranat-TamirWaldmanMartinGokhman2020" class="citation journal cs1">Agranat-Tamir L, Waldman S, Martin MS, Gokhman D, Mishol N, Eshel T, Cheronet O, Rohland N, Mallick S, Adamski N, Lawson AM, Mah M, Michel MM, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Candilio F, Keating D, Gamarra B, Tzur S, Novak M, Kalisher R, Bechar S, Eshed V, Kennett DJ, Faerman M, Yahalom-Mack N, Monge JM, Govrin Y, Erel Y, Yakir B, Pinhasi R, Carmi S, Finkelstein I, Reich D (May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212583">"The Genomic History of the Bronze Age Southern Levant"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>181</b> (5): 1153–1154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" 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(25 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/palestine/">"Palestine"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127100651/https://www.worldhistory.org/palestine/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Palestine&rft.date=2018-10-25&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Joshua+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2Fpalestine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid2020" class="citation news cs1">David, Ariel (31 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2020-05-31/ty-article/.premium/jews-and-arabs-share-genetic-link-to-ancient-canaanites/0000017f-eb8f-d4a6-af7f-ffcf4f190000">"Jews and Arabs Share Genetic Link to Ancient Canaanites, Study Finds"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Jews+and+Arabs+Share+Genetic+Link+to+Ancient+Canaanites%2C+Study+Finds&rft.date=2020-05-31&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2020-05-31%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fjews-and-arabs-share-genetic-link-to-ancient-canaanites%2F0000017f-eb8f-d4a6-af7f-ffcf4f190000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.tau.ac.il/news/canaanites">"Study finds ancient Canaanites genetically linked to modern populations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>. 1 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231025201822/https://english.tau.ac.il/news/canaanites">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Study+finds+ancient+Canaanites+genetically+linked+to+modern+populations&rft.pub=Tel+Aviv+University&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.tau.ac.il%2Fnews%2Fcanaanites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2005" class="citation book cs1">Day, John (2005). <i>In Search of Pre-Exilic Israel</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 47.5, 48. <q>In this sense, the emergence of ancient Israel is viewed not as the cause of the demise of Canaanite culture but as its upshot.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Pre-Exilic+Israel&rft.pages=47.5%2C+48&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ubb, 1998. pp. 13–14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Mark (2002). <i>The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel</i>. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 6–7. <q>Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 1200–1000 BCE). The record would suggest that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. Given the information available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Israelites for the Iron I period.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+History+of+God%3A+Yahweh+and+Other+Deities+of+Ancient+Israel&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins1985" class="citation book cs1">Hopkins, David C. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0TLbAAAAMAAJ&q=israelites+emerged+after+canaanites"><i>The Highlands of Canaan: Agricultural Life in the Early Iron Age</i></a>. Almond. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-907459-39-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-907459-39-2"><bdi>978-0-907459-39-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Highlands+of+Canaan%3A+Agricultural+Life+in+the+Early+Iron+Age&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Almond&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-907459-39-2&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0TLbAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Disraelites%2Bemerged%2Bafter%2Bcanaanites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbati2013" class="citation web cs1">Barbati, Gabriele (21 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibtimes.com/israeli-election-preview-samaritans-caught-between-two-votes-1028684">"Caught Between Two Votes: The Samaritans And The Israeli Election"</a>. <i>International Business Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Caught+Between+Two+Votes%3A+The+Samaritans+And+The+Israeli+Election&rft.date=2013-01-21&rft.aulast=Barbati&rft.aufirst=Gabriele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fisraeli-election-preview-samaritans-caught-between-two-votes-1028684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDellaPergola2001" class="citation journal cs1">DellaPergola, Sergio (2001). "Some Fundamentals of Jewish Demographic History". <i>Papers in Jewish Demography</i>. The Hebrew University, Jerusalem: 11–33. <q>The emergence of a second Jewish population peak can be posited toward the time of the construction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem during the Hasmonean period (3rd-2nd century B.C.E.). This new peak, variously estimated, and here cautiously put at around 4.5 million people during the first century B.C.E.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Papers+in+Jewish+Demography&rft.atitle=Some+Fundamentals+of+Jewish+Demographic+History&rft.pages=11-33&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=DellaPergola&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEncyclopedia_Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Palestine/Roman-Palestine">Roman Palestine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kessler2010-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kessler2010_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKessler2010" class="citation book cs1">Kessler, Edward (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=87Woe7kkPM4C&pg=PA72"><i>An Introduction to Jewish-Christian Relations</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-70562-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-70562-2"><bdi>978-0-521-70562-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Jewish-Christian+Relations&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-70562-2&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D87Woe7kkPM4C%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenova2022" class="citation web cs1">Denova, Rebecca (22 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/christianity/">"Christianity"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831112510/https://www.worldhistory.org/christianity/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Christianity&rft.date=2022-03-22&rft.aulast=Denova&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2Fchristianity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CHJ2-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CHJ2_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodblatt2006" class="citation book cs1">Goodblatt, David (2006). "The Political and Social History of the Jewish Community in the Land of Israel, c. 235–638". In Katz, Steven (ed.). <i>The Cambridge History of Judaism</i>. Vol. IV. Cambridge University Press. pp. 404–430. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77248-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77248-8"><bdi>978-0-521-77248-8</bdi></a>. <q>Few would disagree that, in the century and a half before our period begins, the Jewish population of Judah () suffered a serious blow from which it never recovered. The destruction of the Jewish metropolis of Jerusalem and its environs and the eventual refounding of the city... had lasting repercussions. [...] However, in other parts of Palestine the Jewish population remained strong [...] What does seem clear is a different kind of change. Immigration of Christians and the conversion of pagans, Samaritans and Jews eventually produced a Christian majority</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Political+and+Social+History+of+the+Jewish+Community+in+the+Land+of+Israel%2C+c.+235%E2%80%93638&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Judaism&rft.pages=404-430&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77248-8&rft.aulast=Goodblatt&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrlich2022" class="citation book cs1">Ehrlich, Michael (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1302180905"><i>The Islamization of the Holy Land, 634–1800</i></a>. Leeds, UK: Arc Humanities Press. pp. 3–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64189-222-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64189-222-3"><bdi>978-1-64189-222-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1302180905">1302180905</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709195021/http://worldcat.org/oclc/1302180905">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>Samaritan rebellions during the fifth and sixth centuries were crushed by the Byzantines and as a result, the main Samaritan communities began to decline. Similarly, the Jewish community strove to recover from the catastrophic results of the Bar Kokhva revolt (132–135 ce). During the Late Roman and Byzantine periods, many Jews emigrated to thriving centres in the diaspora, especially Iraq, whereas some converted to Christianity and others continued to live in the Holy Land, especially in Galilee and the coastal plain. [...] Accordingly, most of the Muslims who participated in the conquest of the Holy Land did not settle there, but continued on to further destinations. For most of the Muslims who settled in the Holy Land were either Arabs who immigrated before the Muslim conquest and then converted to Islam, or Muslims who immigrated after the Holy Land's conquest. [...] Consequently, many local Christians converted to Islam. Thus, almost twelve centuries later, when the army led by Napoleon Bonaparte arrived in the Holy Land, most of the local population was Muslim. [...] The Holy Land's transformation from an area populated mainly by Christians into a region whose population was predominantly Muslim was the result of two processes: immigration and conversion</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamization+of+the+Holy+Land%2C+634%E2%80%931800&rft.place=Leeds%2C+UK&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Arc+Humanities+Press&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1302180905&rft.isbn=978-1-64189-222-3&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1302180905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar2003" class="citation journal cs1">Bar, Doron (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046903007309">"The Christianisation of Rural Palestine during Late Antiquity"</a>. <i>The Journal of Ecclesiastical History</i>. <b>54</b> (3): 401–421. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0022046903007309">10.1017/s0022046903007309</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0469">0022-0469</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406174740/https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0022046903007309">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>The dominant view of the history of Palestine during the Byzantine period links the early phases of the consecration of the land during the fourth century and the substantial external financial investment that accompanied the building of churches on holy sites on the one hand with the Christianisation of the population on the other. Churches were erected primarily at the holy sites, 12 while at the same time Palestine's position and unique status as the Christian 'Holy Land' became more firmly rooted. All this, coupled with immigration and conversion, allegedly meant that the Christianisation of Palestine took place much more rapidly than that of other areas of the Roman empire, brought in its wake the annihilation of the pagan cults and meant that by the middle of the fifth century there was a clear Christian majority.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Ecclesiastical+History&rft.atitle=The+Christianisation+of+Rural+Palestine+during+Late+Antiquity&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=401-421&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0022046903007309&rft.issn=0022-0469&rft.aulast=Bar&rft.aufirst=Doron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fs0022046903007309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:142-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:142_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrlich2022" class="citation book cs1">Ehrlich, Michael (2022). <i>The Islamization of the Holy Land, 634–1800</i>. Arc Humanities Press. pp. 3–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64189-222-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64189-222-3"><bdi>978-1-64189-222-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1302180905">1302180905</a>. <q>The Jewish community strove to recover from the catastrophic results of the Bar Kokhva revolt (132–135 CE). Although some of these attempts were relatively successful, the Jews never fully recovered. During the Late Roman and Byzantine periods, many Jews emigrated to thriving centres in the diaspora, especially Iraq, whereas some converted to Christianity and others continued to live in the Holy Land, especially in Galilee and the coastal plain. During the Byzantine period, the three provinces of Palestine included more than thirty cities, namely, settlements with a bishop see. After the Muslim conquest in the 630s, most of these cities declined and eventually disappeared. As a result, in many cases the local ecclesiastical administration weakened, while in others it simply ceased to exist. Consequently, many local Christians converted to Islam. Thus, almost twelve centuries later, when the army led by Napoleon Bonaparte arrived in the Holy Land, most of the local population was Muslim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamization+of+the+Holy+Land%2C+634%E2%80%931800&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Arc+Humanities+Press&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1302180905&rft.isbn=978-1-64189-222-3&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGil1997" class="citation book cs1">Gil, Moshe (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59601193"><i>A History of Palestine, 634–1099</i></a>. Translated by Ethel Briodo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-59984-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-59984-9"><bdi>0-521-59984-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/59601193">59601193</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709172836/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59601193">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Palestine%2C+634%E2%80%931099&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F59601193&rft.isbn=0-521-59984-9&rft.aulast=Gil&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F59601193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Broshi1979-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Broshi1979_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroshi1979" class="citation journal cs1">Broshi, Magen (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1356664">"The Population of Western Palestine in the Roman-Byzantine Period"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</i>. <b>236</b> (236): 1–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1356664">10.2307/1356664</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-097X">0003-097X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1356664">1356664</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24341643">24341643</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230711021518/https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1356664">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Schools+of+Oriental+Research&rft.atitle=The+Population+of+Western+Palestine+in+the+Roman-Byzantine+Period&rft.volume=236&rft.issue=236&rft.pages=1-10&rft.date=1979&rft.issn=0003-097X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24341643%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1356664%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1356664&rft.aulast=Broshi&rft.aufirst=Magen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2F1356664&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroshiFinkelstein1992" class="citation journal cs1">Broshi, Magen; Finkelstein, Israel (August 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/40790691">"The Population of Palestine in Iron Age II"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</i>. <b>287</b> (1): 47–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1357138">10.2307/1357138</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1357138">1357138</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305224039/https://www.academia.edu/40790691/M_Broshi_and_I_Finkelstein_The_Population_of_Palestine_in_Iron_Age_II_BASOR_287_1992_pp_47_60">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Schools+of+Oriental+Research&rft.atitle=The+Population+of+Palestine+in+Iron+Age+II&rft.volume=287&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-60&rft.date=1992-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1357138&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1357138%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Broshi&rft.aufirst=Magen&rft.au=Finkelstein%2C+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F40790691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy-Rubin2000" class="citation journal cs1">Levy-Rubin, Milka (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3632444">"New Evidence Relating to the Process of Islamization in Palestine in the Early Muslim Period: The Case of Samaria"</a>. <i>Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient</i>. <b>43</b> (3): 257–276. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156852000511303">10.1163/156852000511303</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-4995">0022-4995</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3632444">3632444</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327165417/http://jstor.org/stable/3632444">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Economic+and+Social+History+of+the+Orient&rft.atitle=New+Evidence+Relating+to+the+Process+of+Islamization+in+Palestine+in+the+Early+Muslim+Period%3A+The+Case+of+Samaria&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=257-276&rft.date=2000&rft.issn=0022-4995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3632444%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156852000511303&rft.aulast=Levy-Rubin&rft.aufirst=Milka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3632444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Ellenblum2010-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Ellenblum2010_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllenblum2010" class="citation book cs1">Ellenblum, Ronnie (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/958547332"><i>Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-58534-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-511-58534-0"><bdi>978-0-511-58534-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/958547332">958547332</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230710040327/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/958547332">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>From the data given above it can be concluded that the Muslim population of Central Samaria, during the early Muslim period, was not an autochthonous population which had converted to Christianity. They arrived there either by way of migration or as a result of a process of sedentarization of the nomads who had filled the vacuum created by the departing Samaritans at the end of the Byzantine period [...] To sum up: in the only rural region in Palestine in which, according to all the written and archeological sources, the process of Islamization was completed already in the twelfth century, there occurred events consistent with the model propounded by Levtzion and Vryonis: the region was abandoned by its original sedentary population and the subsequent vacuum was apparently filled by nomads who, at a later stage, gradually became sedentarized</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frankish+Rural+Settlement+in+the+Latin+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F958547332&rft.isbn=978-0-511-58534-0&rft.aulast=Ellenblum&rft.aufirst=Ronnie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F958547332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWickham2005" class="citation book cs1">Wickham, Chris (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yFkTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA130"><i>Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400–900</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926449-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926449-0"><bdi>978-0-19-926449-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129192619/https://books.google.com/books?id=yFkTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA130#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023. <q>In Syria and Palestine, where there were already Arabs before the conquest, settlement was also permitted in the old urban centres and elsewhere, presumably privileging the political centres of the provinces.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Framing+the+Early+Middle+Ages%3A+Europe+and+the+Mediterranean%2C+400%E2%80%93900&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926449-0&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyFkTDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvni2014" class="citation book cs1">Avni, Gideon (2014). <i>The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine: An Archaeological Approach</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 312–324, 329.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine-Islamic+Transition+in+Palestine%3A+An+Archaeological+Approach&rft.pages=312-324%2C+329&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Avni&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span> (theory of imported population unsubstantiated).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapidus2014" class="citation book cs1">Lapidus, Ira M. (2014) [1988]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkJpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA156"><i>A History of Islamic Societies</i></a> (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-99150-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-99150-6"><bdi>978-1-139-99150-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129194813/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkJpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA156#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Islamic+Societies&rft.pages=156&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-139-99150-6&rft.aulast=Lapidus&rft.aufirst=Ira+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZkJpBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tessler-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tessler_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTessler1994" class="citation book cs1">Tessler, Mark A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3kbU4BIAcrQC&pg=PA70"><i>A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-20873-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-20873-4"><bdi>0-253-20873-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923190606/https://books.google.com/books?id=3kbU4BIAcrQC&pg=PA70#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-253-20873-4&rft.aulast=Tessler&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3kbU4BIAcrQC%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ira M. Lapidus, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qcPZ1k65pqkC&pg=PA201">Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193058/https://books.google.com/books?id=qcPZ1k65pqkC&pg=PA201#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> 29 November 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKacowiczLutomski2007" class="citation book cs1">Kacowicz, Arie Marcelo; Lutomski, Pawel (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ovck_g0xwX0C&q=Population+Resettlement+in+International+Conflicts:+By+Arie+Marcelo+Kacowicz,+Pawel+Lutomski&pg=PR11"><i>Population Resettlement in International Conflicts: A Comparative Study</i></a>. Lexington Books. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739116074" title="Special:BookSources/9780739116074"><bdi>9780739116074</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193059/https://books.google.com/books?id=ovck_g0xwX0C&q=Population+Resettlement+in+International+Conflicts:+By+Arie+Marcelo+Kacowicz,+Pawel+Lutomski&pg=PR11#v=snippet&q=Population%20Resettlement%20in%20International%20Conflicts%3A%20By%20Arie%20Marcelo%20Kacowicz%2C%20Pawel%20Lutomski&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+Resettlement+in+International+Conflicts%3A+A+Comparative+Study&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780739116074&rft.aulast=Kacowicz&rft.aufirst=Arie+Marcelo&rft.au=Lutomski%2C+Pawel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dovck_g0xwX0C%26q%3DPopulation%2BResettlement%2Bin%2BInternational%2BConflicts%3A%2BBy%2BArie%2BMarcelo%2BKacowicz%2C%2BPawel%2BLutomski%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:63-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:63_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2017" class="citation book cs1">Grossman, David (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315128825/rural-arab-demography-early-jewish-settlement-palestine-david-grossman"><i>Distribution and Population Density During the Late Ottoman and Early Mandate Periods</i></a> (9781315128825 ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 44–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315128825">10.4324/9781315128825</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315128825" title="Special:BookSources/9781315128825"><bdi>9781315128825</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629024634/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315128825/rural-arab-demography-early-jewish-settlement-palestine-david-grossman">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>They came from Circassia and Chechnya, and were refugees from territories annexed by Russia in 1864, and the Bosnian Muslims, whose province was lost to Serbia in 1878. Belonging to this category were the Algerians (Mughrabis), who arrived in Syria and Palestine in several waves after 1850 in the wake of France's conquest of their country and the waves of Egyptian migration to Palestine and Syria during the rule of Muhammad Ali and his son, Ibrahim Pasha. [...] In most cases the Egyptian army dropouts and the other Egyptian settlers preferred to settle in existing localities, rather than to establish new villages. In the southern coastal plain and Ramla zones there were at least nineteen villages which had families of Egyptian origin, and in the northern part of Samaria, including the 'Ara Valley, there are a number of villages with substantial population of Egyptian stock.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Distribution+and+Population+Density+During+the+Late+Ottoman+and+Early+Mandate+Periods&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=44-52&rft.edition=9781315128825&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315128825&rft.isbn=9781315128825&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2Fmono%2F10.4324%2F9781315128825%2Frural-arab-demography-early-jewish-settlement-palestine-david-grossman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:FrantzmanKark20133-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:FrantzmanKark20133_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrantzmanKark2013" class="citation journal cs1">Frantzman, Seth J.; Kark, Ruth (16 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.2012.00172.x">"The Muslim Settlement of Late Ottoman and Mandatory Palestine: Comparison with Jewish Settlement Patterns"</a>. <i>Digest of Middle East Studies</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1949-3606.2012.00172.x">10.1111/j.1949-3606.2012.00172.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1060-4367">1060-4367</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305230211/https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.2012.00172.x">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>Some of these Muslims were Egyptian and Algerian immigrants who came to Palestine in the first half of the nineteenth century from foreign lands. There were also Algerians, Bosnians, and Circassians, who came in the second half of the nineteenth century, but most were from within the borders of Palestine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digest+of+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Muslim+Settlement+of+Late+Ottoman+and+Mandatory+Palestine%3A+Comparison+with+Jewish+Settlement+Patterns&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=77&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1949-3606.2012.00172.x&rft.issn=1060-4367&rft.aulast=Frantzman&rft.aufirst=Seth+J.&rft.au=Kark%2C+Ruth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%2Fj.1949-3606.2012.00172.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:73-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:73_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwedenburg2003" class="citation book cs1">Swedenburg, Ted (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q7RTdcvtO2sC&pg=PA81"><i>Memories of Revolt: The 1936–1939 Rebellion and the Palestinian National Past</i></a>. University of Arkansas Press. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55728-763-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55728-763-2"><bdi>978-1-55728-763-2</bdi></a>. <q>These primordialist claims regarding the Palestinians' primeval and prior roots in the land operated at the level of the collective. When it came to an individual's own family, however, Arab-Islamic discourse took precedence over archaeological justifications. I ran across no Palestinian villager (or urbanite) who claimed personal descent from the Canaanites. Villagers typically traced their family or their hamila's origins back to a more recent past in the Arabian peninsula. Many avowed descent from some nomadic tribe that had migrated from Arabia to Palestine either during or shortly after the Arab-Islamic conquests. By such a claim they inserted their family's history into the narrative of Arab and Islamic civilization and connected themselves to a genealogy that possessed greater local and contemporary prestige than did ancient or pre-Islamic descent. Several men specifically connected their forefathers' date of entry into Palestine to their participation in the army of Salih al-Din al-Ayyubi (Saladin), a historical figure whose significance has been retrospectively enlarged by nationalist discourse such that he is now regarded not merely as a hero of "Islamic" civilization but as a "national" luminary as well.+ (Modern nationalist discourse tends to downplay Salah al-Din's Kurdish origins.) Palestinians of all political stripes viewed Salah al-Din's wars against the Crusaders as a forerunner of the current combats against foreign intruders. Many considered Salah al-Din's victory over the Crusaders at Hittin (A.D. 1187) as a historical precedent that offered hope for their own eventual triumph even if, like the Crusader wars, the current struggle with Israel was destined to last more than two centuries. Family histories affiliated to earlier "patriotic" struggles against European aggression tied interviewees to a continuous narrative of national resistance. Villagers claiming descent from Arabs who entered Palestine during the Arab-Islamic conquest equally viewed these origins as establishing their historical precedence over the Jews</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memories+of+Revolt%3A+The+1936%E2%80%931939+Rebellion+and+the+Palestinian+National+Past&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=University+of+Arkansas+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-55728-763-2&rft.aulast=Swedenburg&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq7RTdcvtO2sC%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LS201022-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LS201022_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowin2010" class="citation cs2">Lowin, Shari (1 October 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world/*-COM_0012910">"Khaybar"</a>, <i>Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World</i>, Brill, pp. 148–150, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1878-9781_ejiw_com_0012910">10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_com_0012910</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2023</span>, <q>Khaybar's Jews appear in Arab folklore as well. [...] The Muḥamara family of the Arab village of Yutta, near Hebron, trace their descent to the Jews of Khaybar. Families in other nearby villages tell of similar lineages.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Khaybar&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Jews+in+the+Islamic+World&rft.pages=148-150&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1878-9781_ejiw_com_0012910&rft.aulast=Lowin&rft.aufirst=Shari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world%2F%2A-COM_0012910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hajjah20212-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hajjah20212_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlich_(Zhabo)Rotter2021" class="citation journal cs1">Erlich (Zhabo), Ze’ev H.; Rotter, Meir (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ariel.ac.il/wp/ihd/2021/11/24/%d7%99%d7%a7%d7%91-%d7%aa%d7%aa%d6%be%d7%a7%d7%a8%d7%a7%d7%a2%d7%99-%d7%9e%d7%aa%d7%a7%d7%95%d7%a4%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%91%d7%a8%d7%96%d7%9c-2-%d7%91%d7%97%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%91%d7%aa-%d7%90%d7%9c%d6%be-2/">"ארבע מנורות שומרוניות בכפר חג'ה שבשומרון"</a> [Four Samaritan Menorahs from the village of Hajjeh, Samaria]. <i>במעבה ההר</i>. <b>11</b> (2). Ariel University Publishing: 188–204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26351%2FIHD%2F11-2%2F3">10.26351/IHD/11-2/3</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245363335">245363335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A8&rft.atitle=%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A2+%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%97%D7%92%27%D7%94+%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=188-204&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26351%2FIHD%2F11-2%2F3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245363335%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Erlich+%28Zhabo%29&rft.aufirst=Ze%E2%80%99ev+H.&rft.au=Rotter%2C+Meir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ariel.ac.il%2Fwp%2Fihd%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2F%25d7%2599%25d7%25a7%25d7%2591-%25d7%25aa%25d7%25aa%25d6%25be%25d7%25a7%25d7%25a8%25d7%25a7%25d7%25a2%25d7%2599-%25d7%259e%25d7%25aa%25d7%25a7%25d7%2595%25d7%25a4%25d7%25aa-%25d7%2594%25d7%2591%25d7%25a8%25d7%2596%25d7%259c-2-%25d7%2591%25d7%2597%25d7%2595%25d7%25a8%25d7%2591%25d7%25aa-%25d7%2590%25d7%259c%25d6%25be-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Zvi19858-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Zvi19858_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen_Zvi1985">Ben Zvi 1985</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Behar20102-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Behar20102_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoron_M._BeharBayazit_YunusbayevMait_MetspaluEne_Metspalu2010" class="citation journal cs1">Doron M. Behar; Bayazit Yunusbayev; Mait Metspalu; Ene Metspalu; Saharon Rosset; Jüri Parik; Siiri Rootsi; Gyaneshwer Chaubey; Ildus Kutuev; Guennady Yudkovsky; Elza K. Khusnutdinova; Oleg Balanovsky; Olga Balaganskaya; Ornella Semino; Luisa Pereira; David Comas; David Gurwitz; Batsheva Bonne-Tamir; Tudor Parfitt; Michael F. Hammer; Karl Skorecki; Richard Villems (July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44657170">"The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>466</b> (7303): 238–42. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.466..238B">2010Natur.466..238B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature09103">10.1038/nature09103</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20531471">20531471</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4307824">4307824</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+genome-wide+structure+of+the+Jewish+people&rft.volume=466&rft.issue=7303&rft.pages=238-42&rft.date=2010-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature09103&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4307824%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20531471&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010Natur.466..238B&rft.au=Doron+M.+Behar&rft.au=Bayazit+Yunusbayev&rft.au=Mait+Metspalu&rft.au=Ene+Metspalu&rft.au=Saharon+Rosset&rft.au=J%C3%BCri+Parik&rft.au=Siiri+Rootsi&rft.au=Gyaneshwer+Chaubey&rft.au=Ildus+Kutuev&rft.au=Guennady+Yudkovsky&rft.au=Elza+K.+Khusnutdinova&rft.au=Oleg+Balanovsky&rft.au=Olga+Balaganskaya&rft.au=Ornella+Semino&rft.au=Luisa+Pereira&rft.au=David+Comas&rft.au=David+Gurwitz&rft.au=Batsheva+Bonne-Tamir&rft.au=Tudor+Parfitt&rft.au=Michael+F.+Hammer&rft.au=Karl+Skorecki&rft.au=Richard+Villems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F44657170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forensic2-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forensic2_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAna_Teresa_FernandesRita_GonçalvesSara_GomesDvora_Filon2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ana Teresa Fernandes; Rita Gonçalves; Sara Gomes; Dvora Filon; Almut Nebel; Marina Faerman; António Brehm (November 2011). "Y-chromosomal STRs in two populations from Israel and the Palestinian Authority Area: Christian and Muslim Arabs". <i>Forensic Science International: Genetics</i>. <b>5</b> (5): 561–562. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fsigen.2010.08.005">10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.08.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10400.13%2F4485">10400.13/4485</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20843760">20843760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forensic+Science+International%3A+Genetics&rft.atitle=Y-chromosomal+STRs+in+two+populations+from+Israel+and+the+Palestinian+Authority+Area%3A+Christian+and+Muslim+Arabs&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=561-562&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10400.13%2F4485&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20843760&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fsigen.2010.08.005&rft.au=Ana+Teresa+Fernandes&rft.au=Rita+Gon%C3%A7alves&rft.au=Sara+Gomes&rft.au=Dvora+Filon&rft.au=Almut+Nebel&rft.au=Marina+Faerman&rft.au=Ant%C3%B3nio+Brehm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:132-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:132_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardsRengoCrucianiGratrix2003" class="citation journal cs1">Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1180338">"Extensive Female-Mediated Gene Flow from Sub-Saharan Africa into Near Eastern Arab Populations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Human_Genetics" title="American Journal of Human Genetics">American Journal of Human Genetics</a></i>. <b>72</b> (4): 1058–1064. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F374384">10.1086/374384</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1180338">1180338</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12629598">12629598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Extensive+Female-Mediated+Gene+Flow+from+Sub-Saharan+Africa+into+Near+Eastern+Arab+Populations&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1058-1064&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1180338%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12629598&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F374384&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Rengo%2C+Chiara&rft.au=Cruciani%2C+Fulvio&rft.au=Gratrix%2C+Fiona&rft.au=Wilson%2C+James+F.&rft.au=Scozzari%2C+Rosaria&rft.au=Macaulay%2C+Vincent&rft.au=Torroni%2C+Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1180338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nebel20002-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nebel20002_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNebelFilonWeissWeale2000" class="citation journal cs1">Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Weiss, Deborah A.; Weale, Michael; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella; Thomas, Mark G. 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These local inhabitants, in turn, were descendants of the core population that had lived in the area for several centuries, some even since prehistorical times (Gil 1992)... Thus, our findings are in good agreement with the historical record...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=High-resolution+Y+chromosome+haplotypes+of+Israeli+and+Palestinian+Arabs+reveal+geographic+substructure+and+substantial+overlap+with+haplotypes+of+Jews&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=630-641&rft.date=2000-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8136092%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11153918&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs004390000426&rft.aulast=Nebel&rft.aufirst=Almut&rft.au=Filon%2C+Dvora&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Deborah+A.&rft.au=Weale%2C+Michael&rft.au=Faerman%2C+Marina&rft.au=Oppenheim%2C+Ariella&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Mark+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Ftcga%2Ftcgapdf%2FNebel-HG-00-IPArabs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid111539182-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid111539182_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNebelFilonWeissWeale2000" class="citation journal cs1">Nebel A, Filon D, Weiss DA, Weale M, Faerman M, Oppenheim A, Thomas MG (December 2000). 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193059/https://books.google.com/books?id=YDPKFyZ38qsC&pg=PA143#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> 29 November 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZachBeška-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZachBeška_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zachary J Foster, Emanuel Beška, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/49925414/The_Origins_of_the_term_Palestinian_Filasṭīnī_in_late_Ottoman_Palestine_1898_1914?email_work_card=view-paper">"The Origins of the term 'Palestinian' ('Filasṭīnī') in late Ottoman Palestine, 1898–1914</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015103833/https://www.academia.edu/49925414/The_Origins_of_the_term_Palestinian_Filas%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABn%C4%AB_in_late_Ottoman_Palestine_1898_1914?email_work_card=view-paper">Archived</a> 15 October 2023 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December 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khalidi, 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YDPKFyZ38qsC&pg=PA149">p. 149</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193101/https://books.google.com/books?id=YDPKFyZ38qsC&pg=PA149#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> 29 November 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalidip19-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidip19_138-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidip19_138-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidip19_138-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khalidi, 1997, pp. 19–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fos-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fos_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zachary Foster, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.palestine-studies.org/2016/02/18/who-was-the-first-palestinian-in-modern-history">"Who Was The First Palestinian in Modern History"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160229164114/http://blog.palestine-studies.org/2016/02/18/who-was-the-first-palestinian-in-modern-history/">Archived</a> 29 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Palestine Square 18 February 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelvin_92-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gelvin_92_140-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelvin_92_140-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGelvin2005">Gelvin 2005</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wfIFVze1MqQC&pg=PA92">92–93</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Seddon (ed.)<i>A political and economic dictionary of the Middle East,</i> Taylor & Francis, 2004. p. 532.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kimmerling6-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kimmerling6_142-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kimmerling and Migdal, 2003, p. 6–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, <i>Righteous Victims</i>, pp.40–42 in the French edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WKhalidi32-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WKhalidi32_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khalidi, W., 1984, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Foster, Zachary J. (6 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2015-03-11/whats-palestinian">"What's a Palestinian?"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015105804/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2015-03-11/whats-palestinian">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=What%27s+a+Palestinian%3F&rft.date=2015-10-06&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Zachary+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Fmiddle-east%2F2015-03-11%2Fwhats-palestinian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Karsh, Efraim</a>. <i>Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest</i>. New York: Grove Press, 2003. p. 43. "Upon occupying the West Bank during the 1948 war, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">King Abdallah</a> moved quickly to erase all traces of corporate Palestinian identity."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYehoshua_Porath1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yehoshua_Porath" title="Yehoshua Porath">Yehoshua Porath</a> (1977). <i>Palestinian Arab National Movement: From Riots to Rebellion: 1929–1939, vol. 2</i>. Frank Cass and Co., Ltd. pp. 81–82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Arab+National+Movement%3A+From+Riots+to+Rebellion%3A+1929%E2%80%931939%2C+vol.+2&rft.pages=81-82&rft.pub=Frank+Cass+and+Co.%2C+Ltd&rft.date=1977&rft.au=Yehoshua+Porath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Attapatu-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Attapatu_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDon_Atapattu2004" class="citation journal cs1">Don Atapattu (16 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113024502/https://www.thenation.com/article/interview-middle-east-scholar-avi-shlaim/">"Interview With Middle East Scholar Avi Shlaim: America, Israel and the Middle East"</a>. <i>The Nation</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/article/interview-middle-east-scholar-avi-shlaim">the original</a> on 13 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Interview+With+Middle+East+Scholar+Avi+Shlaim%3A+America%2C+Israel+and+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2004-06-16&rft.au=Don+Atapattu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Finterview-middle-east-scholar-avi-shlaim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICJ-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICJ_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only "peoples" are entitled to self-determination in contemporary international law (See Self-determination and National Minorities, Oxford Monographs in International Law, Thomas D. Musgrave, Oxford University Press, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-829898-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-829898-6">0-19-829898-6</a>, p. 170). In 2004, the International Court of Justice said that Israel had recognized the existence of a "Palestinian people" and referred a number of times to the Palestinian people and its "legitimate rights" in international agreements. The Court said those rights include the right to self-determination(See paragraph 118 of Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706021237/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf">"Cour internationale de Justice – International Court of Justice | International Court of Justice"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cour+internationale+de+Justice+%E2%80%93+International+Court+of+Justice+%26%23124%3B+International+Court+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F131%2F1671.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span>). Judge Koroma explained "The Court has also held that the right of self-determination as an established and recognized right under international law applies to the territory and to the Palestinian people. Accordingly, the exercise of such right entitles the Palestinian people to a State of their own as originally envisaged in resolution 181 (II) and subsequently confirmed." Judge Higgins also said "that the Palestinian people are entitled to their territory, to exercise self-determination, and to have their own State"(See paragraph 5, Separate opinion of Judge Koroma <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604233639/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1679.pdf">"Cour internationale de Justice – International Court of Justice | International Court of Justice"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1679.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cour+internationale+de+Justice+%E2%80%93+International+Court+of+Justice+%26%23124%3B+International+Court+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F131%2F1679.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span> and paragraph 18, Separate opinion of Judge Higgins <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110112025712/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1681.pdf">"Cour internationale de Justice – International Court of Justice | International Court of Justice"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1681.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cour+internationale+de+Justice+%E2%80%93+International+Court+of+Justice+%26%23124%3B+International+Court+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F131%2F1681.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span>). Paul De Waart said that the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice in 2004 "ascertained the present responsibility of the United Nations to protect Palestine's statehood. It affirmed the applicability of the prohibition of acquisition of Palestinian territory by Israel and confirmed the illegality of the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Moreover, the existence of the Palestinian people as the rightful claimant to the Occupied Palestinian Territory is no longer open to question (See De Waart, Paul J. I. M., "International Court of Justice Firmly Walled in the Law of Power in the Israeli–Palestinian Peace Process", <i>Leiden Journal of International Law</i>, 18 (2005), pp. 467–487).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071230193956/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/5ba47a5c6cef541b802563e000493b8c/07fc0614021668418525736b005c8a82%21OpenDocument">"John Dugard's "Situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Domino.un.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/5ba47a5c6cef541b802563e000493b8c/07fc0614021668418525736b005c8a82!OpenDocument">the original</a> on 30 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Dugard%27s+%22Situation+of+human+rights+in+the+Palestinian+territories+occupied+since+1967%22&rft.pub=Domino.un.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F5ba47a5c6cef541b802563e000493b8c%2F07fc0614021668418525736b005c8a82%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsrael_News2012" class="citation news cs1">Israel News (8 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4278618,00.html">"Palestinian Authority to revive statehood bid"</a>. <i>Ynet News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140724171744/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4278618,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet+News&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Authority+to+revive+statehood+bid&rft.date=2012-09-08&rft.au=Israel+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4278618%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris, <i>Righteous Victims</i>, p. 48 in the French edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, <i>Righteous Victims</i>, p.49 in the French edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauterpacht,_H1942" class="citation book cs1">Lauterpacht, H (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GniaXe2wnRQC&pg=PA49"><i>International Law Reports: Cases 1938–1940, H. Lauterpacht, Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-521-46354-8, page 49</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46354-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46354-6"><bdi>978-0-521-46354-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193100/https://books.google.com/books?id=GniaXe2wnRQC&pg=PA49#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law+Reports%3A+Cases+1938%E2%80%931940%2C+H.+Lauterpacht%2C+Cambridge+University+Press%2C+2004%2C+ISBN+0-521-46354-8%2C+page+49&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1942&rft.isbn=978-0-521-46354-6&rft.au=Lauterpacht%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGniaXe2wnRQC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weldon Matthews, <i>Confronting an Empire, Constructing a Nation,</i>I.B. Tauris, 2006, p. 33. Both Weldon Matthews and Prasenjit Duara interpret this aspect of the mandate system as tailored to the needs of imperial powers, which found it useful to avoid classifying colonies as nations: "This outlook was carried over to Palestine from India and Egypt where British administrators did not merely doubt the existence of a unifying national identity, but thwarted its development by creating sectarian institutions as a matter of policy."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016050752/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0145a8233e14d2b585256cbf005af141/48a7e5584ee1403485256cd8006c3fbe%21OpenDocument">"Correspondence with the Palestine Arab Delegation and the Zionist Organization"</a>. <i>United Nations</i>. 21 February 1922. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0145a8233e14d2b585256cbf005af141/48a7e5584ee1403485256cd8006c3fbe!OpenDocument">the original</a> on 16 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Correspondence+with+the+Palestine+Arab+Delegation+and+the+Zionist+Organization&rft.date=1922-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0145a8233e14d2b585256cbf005af141%2F48a7e5584ee1403485256cd8006c3fbe%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Continuum-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Continuum_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Palestine Arabs." <i>The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East</i>. Ed. <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Avraham Sela</a>. New York: Continuum, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts_158-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts_158-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts_158-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts_158-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryOfPalestinianRevolts_158-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051215061527/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/9A489B74-6477-4E67-9C22-0F53A3CC9ADF.htm">"The History of Palestinian Revolts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a>. 9 December 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/9A489B74-6477-4E67-9C22-0F53A3CC9ADF.htm">the original</a> on 15 December 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Palestinian+Revolts&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2003-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aljazeera.net%2FNR%2Fexeres%2F9A489B74-6477-4E67-9C22-0F53A3CC9ADF.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, <i>Righteous Victims</i>, pp. 49–50 in the French edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Segev" title="Tom Segev">Tom Segev</a>, <i>One Palestine, Complete</i>, p. 139n.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khalidi, 1997, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Milestones-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Milestones_162-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Milestones_162-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/arab-israeli-war">"Milestones: 1945–1952."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200607114752/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/arab-israeli-war">Archived</a> 7 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Office of the Historian</i>. 7 December 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caplan-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caplan_163-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caplan_163-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sela and Neil Caplan. "Epilogue: Reflections on Post-Oslo Israeli and Palestinian History and Memory of 1948." The War of 1948: Representations of Israeli and Palestinian Memories and Narratives, edited by Sela and Alon Kadish, Indiana University Press, 2016, pp. 203–221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrall, Nathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5273108/back-to-the-future-israeli-palestinian-conflict/">"How 1948 Still Influences the ..."</a> <i>Time</i>. 14 May 2018. 7 December 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalidi178-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khalidi178_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khalidi, 1997, pp. 178–180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nurhan Abujidi, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AK_pAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT95">Urbicide in Palestine: Spaces of Oppression and Resilience</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193101/https://books.google.com/books?id=AK_pAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT95#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> 29 November 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Routledge 2014 p.95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Mattar" title="Philip Mattar">Philip Mattar</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GkbzYoZtaJMC&pg=PA329">The Encyclopedia of the Palestinians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320155424/https://books.google.com/books?id=GkbzYoZtaJMC&pg=PA329">Archived</a> 20 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, InfoBase Publishing 2005 p.329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benvenisti, Meron (1996), <i>City of Stone: The Hidden History of Jerusalem</i>, University of California Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-20521-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-20521-9">0-520-20521-9</a>. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalidi179-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khalidi179_169-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khalidi, 1997, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalidi180-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidi180_170-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidi180_170-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khalidi, 1997, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalidi182-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khalidi182_171-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khalidi, 1997, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalidi181-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khalidi181_172-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khalidi, 1997, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Avram Bornstein, 'Military Occupation as Carceral Society: Prisons, Checkpoints, and Wall in the Israeli-Palestinian Struggle,' in Avram Bornstein, Paul E. Farmer (et al.)<i>An Anthropology Of War: Views from the Frontline,</i> Berghahn Books, 2009 pp.106–130, p.108:'On the whole, the Israeli Occupation has created an increasing prison-like society for Palestinians'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plo1974-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-plo1974_174-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mideastweb.org/plo1974.htm">"The PNC program of 1974"</a>. Mideastweb.org. 8 June 1974. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115184412/http://www.mideastweb.org/plo1974.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+PNC+program+of+1974&rft.pub=Mideastweb.org&rft.date=1974-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mideastweb.org%2Fplo1974.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span>The PNC adopted the goal of establishing a national state in 1974.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalidip.149n-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khalidip.149n_175-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khalidi, 1997, p. 149. Khalidi writes: 'As with other national movements, extreme advocates of this view go further than this, and anachronistically read back into the history of Palestine over the past few centuries, and even millennia, a nationalist consciousness and identity that are in fact relatively modern.'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schulzp105-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schulzp105_176-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schulz and Hammer, 2003, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808101615/http://www.worldmun.org/MUNBase2007/files/downloads/guides/SCGuideA.pdf">"Security Council"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. WorldMUN2007 – <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>. 30 March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldmun.org/MUNBase2007/files/downloads/guides/SCGuideA.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Security+Council&rft.pub=WorldMUN2007+%E2%80%93+United+Nations+Security+Council&rft.date=2007-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldmun.org%2FMUNBase2007%2Ffiles%2Fdownloads%2Fguides%2FSCGuideA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allon-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allon_178-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allon_178-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203031206/http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/MFADocuments/Yearbook2/Pages/48%20Statement%20in%20the%20Knesset%20by%20Deputy%20Premier%20and.aspx">"48 Statement in the Knesset by Deputy Premier and Foreign Minister Allon – 26 November 1974"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)</a>. 26 November 1974. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/MFADocuments/Yearbook2/Pages/48%20Statement%20in%20the%20Knesset%20by%20Deputy%20Premier%20and.aspx">the original</a> on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=48+Statement+in+the+Knesset+by+Deputy+Premier+and+Foreign+Minister+Allon+%E2%80%93+26+November+1974&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+%28Israel%29&rft.date=1974-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FForeignPolicy%2FMFADocuments%2FYearbook2%2FPages%2F48%2520Statement%2520in%2520the%2520Knesset%2520by%2520Deputy%2520Premier%2520and.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/dpa/qpal/committee_background.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110905034212/http://www.un.org/Depts/dpa/qpal/committee_background.htm">Archived</a> 5 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ppp-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ppp_180-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_J._Rosen2012" class="citation journal cs1">Steven J. Rosen (September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meforum.org/3391/kuwait-expels-palestinians">"Kuwait Expels Thousands of Palestinians"</a>. <i>Middle East Forum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511182542/http://www.meforum.org/3391/kuwait-expels-palestinians">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Forum&rft.atitle=Kuwait+Expels+Thousands+of+Palestinians&rft.date=2012-09&rft.au=Steven+J.+Rosen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meforum.org%2F3391%2Fkuwait-expels-palestinians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091013190358/http://www.arableagueonline.org/las/picture_gallery/reportfullFINAL.pdf">"Report of the Independent Fact Finding Committee on Gaza: No Safe Place"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The League of Arab States. 30 April 2009. p. 145. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arableagueonline.org/las/picture_gallery/reportfullFINAL.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Independent+Fact+Finding+Committee+on+Gaza%3A+No+Safe+Place&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=The+League+of+Arab+States&rft.date=2009-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arableagueonline.org%2Flas%2Fpicture_gallery%2FreportfullFINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarsounHasan_Aruri2006" class="citation book cs1">Farsoun, Samih; Hasan Aruri, Naseer (2006). <i>Palestine and the Palestinians: a social and political history</i>. Westview Press. p. 275.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+and+the+Palestinians%3A+a+social+and+political+history&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Farsoun&rft.aufirst=Samih&rft.au=Hasan+Aruri%2C+Naseer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2008" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Neve (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4RX7t4X8_RMC&pg=PA198"><i>Israel's occupation</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25531-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25531-9"><bdi>978-0-520-25531-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193133/https://books.google.com/books?id=4RX7t4X8_RMC&pg=PA198#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+occupation&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-520-25531-9&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Neve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4RX7t4X8_RMC%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706021237/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf">"ICJ Opinion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICJ+Opinion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F131%2F1671.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giegerich-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Giegerich_185-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Giegerich1999" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Giegerich (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kSMTX5jwaxQC&pg=PA198">"The Palestinian Autonomy and International Human Rights Law: Perspectives on an Ongoing Process of Nation-Building"</a>. In Amos Shapira; Mala Tabory (eds.). <i>New Political Entities in Public and Private International Law: With Special Reference to the Palestinian Entity</i>. Kluwer Law International. pp. 198–200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9041111555" title="Special:BookSources/978-9041111555"><bdi>978-9041111555</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193611/https://books.google.com/books?id=kSMTX5jwaxQC&pg=PA198#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Palestinian+Autonomy+and+International+Human+Rights+Law%3A+Perspectives+on+an+Ongoing+Process+of+Nation-Building&rft.btitle=New+Political+Entities+in+Public+and+Private+International+Law%3A+With+Special+Reference+to+the+Palestinian+Entity&rft.pages=198-200&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-9041111555&rft.au=Thomas+Giegerich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkSMTX5jwaxQC%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sonnenfeld" title="Jeffrey Sonnenfeld">Sonnenfeld, Jeffrey</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/2019/06/30/bahrain-summit-middle-east/">"The Bahrain Conference: What the Experts and the Media Missed."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120194052/https://fortune.com/2019/06/30/bahrain-summit-middle-east/">Archived</a> 20 November 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Fortune</i>. 30 June 2019. 3 July 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCBS-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCBS_187-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCBS_187-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_Rainbow/Documents/gover_e.htm">"Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics"</a>. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140608204943/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_Rainbow/Documents/gover_e.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.pub=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcbs.gov.ps%2FPortals%2F_Rainbow%2FDocuments%2Fgover_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cordesman-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cordesman_188-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cordesman, 2005, p. 54. The figure is based on an estimate for 2005, extrapolating from a population 2.3 million in 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drummond-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-drummond_189-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drummond_189-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drummond_189-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drummond_189-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drummond_189-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drummond_189-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Drummond, 2004, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190519121616/http://www.soitu.es/soitu/2009/10/16/info/1255724848_222341.html">"Comunidad palestina en Chile acusa "campaña de terror" tras nuevas pintadas | soitu.es"</a>. <i>www.soitu.es</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soitu.es/soitu/2009/10/16/info/1255724848_222341.html">the original</a> on 19 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.soitu.es&rft.atitle=Comunidad+palestina+en+Chile+acusa+%22campa%C3%B1a+de+terror%22+tras+nuevas+pintadas+%26%23124%3B+soitu.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soitu.es%2Fsoitu%2F2009%2F10%2F16%2Finfo%2F1255724848_222341.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171124194143/http://www1.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/CultureAndMedia/?id=1.0.2050534508">"Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome – Adnkronos Culture And Media"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/CultureAndMedia/?id=1.0.2050534508">the original</a> on 24 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chile%3A+Palestinian+refugees+arrive+to+warm+welcome+%E2%80%93+Adnkronos+Culture+And+Media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adnkronos.com%2FAKI%2FEnglish%2FCultureAndMedia%2F%3Fid%3D1.0.2050534508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laventana.casa.cult.cu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=514">500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090722073846/http://laventana.casa.cult.cu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=514">Archived</a> 22 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNRWA-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNRWA_193-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNRWA_193-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNRWA_193-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723174310/http://www.un.org/unrwa/publications/pdf/rr_countryandarea.pdf">"Table 1.0: Total Registered Refugees per Country per Area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UNRWA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/unrwa/publications/pdf/rr_countryandarea.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+1.0%3A+Total+Registered+Refugees+per+Country+per+Area&rft.pub=UNRWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Funrwa%2Fpublications%2Fpdf%2Frr_countryandarea.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cambridge-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_194-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_194-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, 1995, p. 415.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maan1116-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maan1116_195-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071126/http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=769606">"Palestinian population to exceed Jewish population by 2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_News_Agency" title="Ma'an News Agency">Ma'an News Agency</a>. 1 January 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=769606">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Palestinian+population+to+exceed+Jewish+population+by+2020&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maannews.com%2FContent.aspx%3Fid%3D769606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meron Rapaport, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.972mag.com/israeli-right-minority-left-palestinians/">'The Israeli right is the minority — the left need only realize it,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609210425/https://www.972mag.com/israeli-right-minority-left-palestinians/">Archived</a> 9 June 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/%2B972_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="+972 magazine">+972 magazine</a> 12 January 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/jews-now-a-minority-in-israel-and-the-territories-demographer-says/">"Jews now a 47% minority in Israel and the territories, demographer says"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231123153449/https://www.timesofisrael.com/jews-now-a-minority-in-israel-and-the-territories-demographer-says/">Archived</a> 23 November 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i> 30 August 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pademographics.com/">American-Israel Demographic Research Group (AIDRG)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015072828/http://www.pademographics.com/">Archived</a> 15 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, is led by Bennett Zimmerman, Yoram Ettinger, Roberta Seid, and Michael L. Wise</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett_Zimmerman,_Roberta_SeidMichael_L._Wise" class="citation web cs1">Bennett Zimmerman, Roberta Seid & Michael L. Wise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202061847/http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/MSPS65.pdf">"The Million Person Gap: The Arab Population in the West Bank and Gaza"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/MSPS65.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Million+Person+Gap%3A+The+Arab+Population+in+the+West+Bank+and+Gaza&rft.pub=Begin-Sadat+Center+for+Strategic+Studies&rft.au=Bennett+Zimmerman%2C+Roberta+Seid&rft.au=Michael+L.+Wise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biu.ac.il%2FBesa%2FMSPS65.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennett Zimmerman, Roberta Seid, and Michael L. Wise, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azure.org.il/article.php?id=130">"Voodoo Demographics"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104115016/http://www.azure.org.il/article.php?id=130">Archived</a> 4 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Azure_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azure (journal)">Azure</a></i>, Summer 5766/2006, No. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Azure-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Azure_201-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Azure_201-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_DellaPergola" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio DellaPergola">Sergio DellaPergola</a>, Letter to the editor, <i>Azure</i>, 2007, No. 27, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210621182830/http://www.azure.org.il/magazine/magazine.asp?id=29">[2]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930220135/http://www.azure.co.il/download/magazine/AZ%2027%20letters.pdf">"Correspondence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azure.co.il/download/magazine/AZ%2027%20letters.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Correspondence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azure.co.il%2Fdownload%2Fmagazine%2FAZ%252027%2520letters.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAluf_Benn2005" class="citation news cs1">Aluf Benn (28 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/general/you-can-count-on-them-1.148439">"You can count on them"</a>. <i>Haaretz.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010100350/https://www.haaretz.com/general/you-can-count-on-them-1.148439">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz.com&rft.atitle=You+can+count+on+them&rft.date=2005-01-28&rft.au=Aluf+Benn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fgeneral%2Fyou-can-count-on-them-1.148439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.molad.org/en/articles/articlePrint.php?id=295">"Molad Analysis – Wrong Number"</a>. <i>www.molad.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041400/http://www.molad.org/en/articles/articlePrint.php?id=295">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.molad.org&rft.atitle=Molad+Analysis+%E2%80%93+Wrong+Number&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.molad.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2FarticlePrint.php%3Fid%3D295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasson2013" class="citation news cs1">Hasson, Nir (30 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.532703">"How Many Palestinians Actually Live in the West Bank? – Diplomacy & Defense – Haaretz"</a>. <i>Haaretz.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141101200545/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.532703">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/polisci/sites/www.sas.upenn.edu.polisci/files/Lustick_MEJ_What%20Counts%20Is%20the%20Counting.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Badil+Resource+Centre+for+Palestinian+Refugee+and+Residency+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.badil.org%2FPublications%2FMonographs%2FPalestinian.IDPs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IDMC-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IDMC_216-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternal_Displacement_Monitoring_Centre_(IDMC)_–_Norwegian_Refugee_Council" class="citation web cs1">Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) – Norwegian Refugee Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060903022121/http://www.internal-displacement.org/idmc/website/countries.nsf/%28httpEnvelopes%29/F11200E8ECD83F71802570B8005A7276?OpenDocument">"Internal Displacement Monitoring Center"</a>. 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Doc. A/RES/194 (11 December 1948), para. 11, cited Leila Hilal, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Brookings-Displacement-Palestine-CaseStudy-2012-English.pdf">Transitional Justice Responses to Palestinian Dispossession: Focus on Restitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305224813/https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Brookings-Displacement-Palestine-CaseStudy-2012-English.pdf">Archived</a> 5 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Brookings Institution/LSE August 2012 p.8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MG-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MG_220-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MG_220-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MG_220-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibney2005" class="citation book cs1">Gibney, Mathew (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/immigrationasylu00matt"><i>Immigration and Asylum: From 1900 to the Present</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/immigrationasylu00matt/page/469">469</a>–470. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576077962" title="Special:BookSources/9781576077962"><bdi>9781576077962</bdi></a>. <q>Israel refused to allow refugees to return to their homes 242.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Immigration+and+Asylum%3A+From+1900+to+the+Present&rft.pages=469-470&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781576077962&rft.aulast=Gibney&rft.aufirst=Mathew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimmigrationasylu00matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MM-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MM_221-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_221-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_221-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuslih2002" class="citation book cs1">Muslih, Muhammad (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KzHXkqcz6jAC&q=Israel%20refused%20to%20allow%20refugees%20to%20return%20to%20their%20homes%20242&pg=PA104"><i>The Middle East in 2015 The Impact of Regional Trends on U.S. Strategic Planning</i></a>. Diane Publishing reprint. Originally published by National Defense University Press. pp. 104–105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781428961005" title="Special:BookSources/9781428961005"><bdi>9781428961005</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193621/https://books.google.com/books?id=KzHXkqcz6jAC&q=Israel%20refused%20to%20allow%20refugees%20to%20return%20to%20their%20homes%20242&pg=PA104#v=snippet&q=Israel%20refused%20to%20allow%20refugees%20to%20return%20to%20their%20homes%20242&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Egypt+grants+citizenship+to+50%2C000+Palestinians&rft.date=2011-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMiddleEast%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D287479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2010" class="citation news cs1">Hall, Richard (24 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/24/palestinian-refugees-lebanon-rights">"Mired in poverty: Palestinian refugees in Lebanon see little hope in new law"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190913230253/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/24/palestinian-refugees-lebanon-rights">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mired+in+poverty%3A+Palestinian+refugees+in+Lebanon+see+little+hope+in+new+law&rft.date=2010-08-24&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Faug%2F24%2Fpalestinian-refugees-lebanon-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413142345/http://imeu.net/news/article0042.shtml">"Are all Palestinians Muslim?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Middle_East_Understanding" title="Institute for Middle East Understanding">Institute for Middle East Understanding</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imeu.net/news/article0042.shtml">the original</a> on 13 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+Middle+East+Understanding&rft.atitle=Are+all+Palestinians+Muslim%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimeu.net%2Fnews%2Farticle0042.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lybarger, 2007, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/137789#.U1vh-_ldUdk">"PA's Moderate Muslims Face Threats"</a>. Israel National News. 31 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190814235136/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/137789#.U1vh-_ldUdk">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PA%27s+Moderate+Muslims+Face+Threats&rft.pub=Israel+National+News&rft.date=2010-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F137789%23.U1vh-_ldUdk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Palestinians and Israel</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-470-35211-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-470-35211-6">0-470-35211-6</a> p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qleibo-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qleibo_228-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qleibo_228-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qleibo_228-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qleibo_228-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qleibo_228-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qleibo_228-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qleibo_228-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qleibo_228-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli_Qleibo2007" class="citation web cs1">Ali Qleibo (28 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927122856/http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=2208&ed=144&edid=144These">"Palestinian Cave Dwellers and Holy Shrines: The Passing of Traditional Society"</a>. This Week in Palestine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=2208&ed=144&edid=144These">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Cave+Dwellers+and+Holy+Shrines%3A+The+Passing+of+Traditional+Society&rft.pub=This+Week+in+Palestine&rft.date=2007-07-28&rft.au=Ali+Qleibo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisweekinpalestine.com%2Fdetails.php%3Fid%3D2208%26ed%3D144%26edid%3D144These&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._Conder1877" class="citation journal cs1">R. Conder, Claude (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme09pale/page/n100/mode/1up?view=theater">"The Moslem Mukams"</a>. <i>Palestine Exploration Quarterly</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 89–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fpeq.1877.9.2.89">10.1179/peq.1877.9.2.89</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-0328">0031-0328</a>. <q>In their religious observances and sanctuaries we find, as in their language, the true history of the country. On a basis of polytheistic faith which most probably dates back to pre-Israelite times, we find a growth of the most heterogeneous description: Christian tradition, Moslem history and foreign worship are mingled so as often to be entirely indistinguishable, and the so-called Moslem is found worshipping at shrines consecrated to Jewish, Samaritan, Christian, and often Pagan memories. It is in worship at these shrines that the religion of the peasantry consists. Moslem by profession, they often spend their lives without entering a mosque, and attach more importance to the favour and protection of the village Mukam than to Allah himself, or to Mohammed his prophet... The reverence shown for these sacred spots is unbounded. Every fallen stone from the building, every withered branch of the tree, is carefully preserved.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palestine+Exploration+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Moslem+Mukams&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=89-91&rft.date=1877&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fpeq.1877.9.2.89&rft.issn=0031-0328&rft.aulast=R.+Conder&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquarterlystateme09pale%2Fpage%2Fn100%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanet_Abu-Lughod" class="citation web cs1">Janet Abu-Lughod. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113195853/http://ameu.org/getattachment/0ac57681-cb8e-44cd-af80-36a90f4520b1/The-Demographic-War-for-Palestine.aspx">"The Demographic War for Palestine"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apartheid+Israel%3A+A+Critical+Reading+of+the+Draft+Permanent+Agreement%2C+known+as+the+%22Geneva+Accords%22&rft.pub=The+Association+for+One+Democratic+State+in+Palestine-Israel&rft.date=2013-12&rft.au=Uri+Davis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodspi.org%2Farticles%2Fdavis%2527.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bic.org/statements-and-reports/bic-statements/47-0715.htm">http://www.bic.org/statements-and-reports/bic-statements/47-0715.htm</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSmith26-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSmith26_240-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Peter (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zdDFTzNr0C"><i>An Introduction to the Baháʼí Faith</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86251-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86251-6"><bdi>978-0-521-86251-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231110003959/https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zdDFTzNr0C">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86251-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz7zdDFTzNr0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICBS2013-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICBS2013_241-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171128173944/http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/hodaot2013n/11_13_097e.pdf">"65th Independence Day – More than 8 Million Residents in the State of Israel"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a>. 14 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/hodaot2013n/11_13_097e.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=65th+Independence+Day+%E2%80%93+More+than+8+Million+Residents+in+the+State+of+Israel&rft.pub=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2013-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fwww%2Fhodaot2013n%2F11_13_097e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MRPal-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MRPal_242-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minorityrights.org/minorities/palestinians-2/">"World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Jordan – Palestinians"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Minority_Rights_Group_International" title="Minority Rights Group International">Minority Rights Group International</a></i>. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160127231848/http://minorityrights.org/minorities/palestinians-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minority+Rights+Group+International&rft.atitle=World+Directory+of+Minorities+and+Indigenous+Peoples+%E2%80%93+Jordan+%E2%80%93+Palestinians&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminorityrights.org%2Fminorities%2Fpalestinians-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_BonfilOded_IrshaiGuy_G._StroumsaRina_Talgam2011" class="citation book cs1">Robert Bonfil; Oded Irshai; Guy G. Stroumsa; Rina Talgam, eds. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4DNz3y7Wep4C&pg=PA320"><i>Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures</i></a>. BRILL. pp. 317, 335, 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004203556" title="Special:BookSources/9789004203556"><bdi>9789004203556</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193736/https://books.google.com/books?id=4DNz3y7Wep4C&pg=PA320#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews+in+Byzantium%3A+Dialectics+of+Minority+and+Majority+Cultures&rft.pages=317%2C+335%2C+320&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9789004203556&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4DNz3y7Wep4C%26pg%3DPA320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScribner's1980" class="citation book cs1">Scribner's (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117102008/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/mango.asp"><i>Cyril Mango. Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome</i></a>. p. 13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/mango.asp">the original</a> on 17 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyril+Mango.+Byzantium%3A+The+Empire+of+New+Rome.&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Scribner%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fmed%2Fmango.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenfieldp158-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greenfieldp158_245-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenfield et al., 2001, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ammon-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ammon_246-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmmon2006" class="citation book cs1">Ammon, Ulrich (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1922"><i>Sociolinguistics/Soziolinguistik 3: An International Handbook of the Science</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 1922. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110184181" title="Special:BookSources/9783110184181"><bdi>9783110184181</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193622/https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1922#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociolinguistics%2FSoziolinguistik+3%3A+An+International+Handbook+of+the+Science&rft.pages=1922&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9783110184181&rft.aulast=Ammon&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLMZm0w0k1c4C%26pg%3DPA1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parmenter11-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Parmenter11_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parmenter, 1994, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNDP2014-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNDP2014_248-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNDP2014_248-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170311023628/http://www.ps.undp.org/content/dam/papp/docs/Publications/UNDP-papp-research-PHDR2015Education.pdf">"Education (2014)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United Nations Development Programme</i>. United Nations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ps.undp.org/content/dam/papp/docs/Publications/UNDP-papp-research-PHDR2015Education.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.atitle=Education+%282014%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ps.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fpapp%2Fdocs%2FPublications%2FUNDP-papp-research-PHDR2015Education.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">West Bank 44.6% versus 22.8% in Lebanon. See Elias H. Tuma, Haim Darin-Drabkin, <i>The Economic case for Palestine,</i> London: Croom Helm, 1978, p 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Interview with Elias Sanbar. Claude Cheysson, "The Right to Self-Determination", <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a></i>, Vol. 16, no. 1 (Autumn 1986), pp. 3–12; p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooks2010" class="citation book cs1">Books, General L.L.C (June 2010). <i>Jordanian Poets: Samer Raimouny, Mustafa Wahbi, Haider Mahmoud, Ibrahim Nasrallah</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1158408894" title="Special:BookSources/978-1158408894"><bdi>978-1158408894</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordanian+Poets%3A+Samer+Raimouny%2C+Mustafa+Wahbi%2C+Haider+Mahmoud%2C+Ibrahim+Nasrallah&rft.date=2010-06&rft.isbn=978-1158408894&rft.aulast=Books&rft.aufirst=General+L.L.C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pontas-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pontas_252-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526101818/http://www.pontas-agency.com/Autors/ENG/Ibrahim_Nasrallah_Ibrahim_Nasrallah_6955.asp">"Biography Ibrahim Nasrallah"</a>. Pontas literary & film agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pontas-agency.com/Autors/ENG/Ibrahim_Nasrallah_Ibrahim_Nasrallah_6955.asp">the original</a> on 26 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+Ibrahim+Nasrallah&rft.pub=Pontas+literary+%26+film+agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pontas-agency.com%2FAutors%2FENG%2FIbrahim_Nasrallah_Ibrahim_Nasrallah_6955.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Class: Discrimination Against Palestinian Arab Children in Israel's Schools, p 8, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parkes, 1970, pp. 209–210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tamari-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tamari_255-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tamari_255-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tamari_255-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tamari_255-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalim_Tamari2004" class="citation journal cs1">Salim Tamari (Winter 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230326/http://www.jerusalemquarterly.org/images/ArticlesPdf/20_lebers.pdf">"Lepers, Lunatics and Saints: The Nativist Ethnography of Tawfiq Canaan and his Jerusalem Circle"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Jerusalem Quarterly</i> (20). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerusalemquarterly.org/images/ArticlesPdf/20_lebers.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Lepers%2C+Lunatics+and+Saints%3A+The+Nativist+Ethnography+of+Tawfiq+Canaan+and+his+Jerusalem+Circle&rft.ssn=winter&rft.issue=20&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Salim+Tamari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerusalemquarterly.org%2Fimages%2FArticlesPdf%2F20_lebers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elmokadem-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elmokadem_256-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsmail_Elmokadem2005" class="citation web cs1">Ismail Elmokadem (10 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014">"Book records Palestinian art history"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014">the original</a> on 19 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+records+Palestinian+art+history&rft.date=2005-12-10&rft.au=Ismail+Elmokadem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aljazeera.net%2FEnglish%2Farchive%2Farchive%3FArchiveId%3D17014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moran-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moran_257-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanny_Moran" class="citation web cs1">Danny Moran. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html">"Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature"</a>. Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html">the original</a> on 31 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manchester+Festival+of+Palestinian+Literature&rft.pub=Manchester+Festival+of+Palestinian+literature&rft.au=Danny+Moran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fabrikation.co.uk%2Fmlpf%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Regev Motti (1993), <i>Oud and Guitar: The Musical Culture of the Arabs in Israel</i> (Institute for Israeli Arab Studies, Beit Berl), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-454-002-9" title="Special:BookSources/965-454-002-9">965-454-002-9</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDN-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDN_259-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDN_259-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=1729&ed=115&edid=115">Revisiting our table...</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131127072800/http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=1729&ed=115&edid=115">Archived</a> 27 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Nasser, Christiane Dabdoub, <i>This week in Palestine</i>, Turbo Computers & Software Co. Ltd. June 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArabNet-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArabNet_260-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arab.net/cuisine/">ABC of Arabic Cuisine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110704012352/http://www.arab.net/cuisine/">Archived</a> 4 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ArabNet. Retrieved 25 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.food.com/recipe/palestinian-kufta-373769">"Palestinian Kufta Recipe - Food.com"</a>. <i>www.food.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102051312/https://www.food.com/recipe/palestinian-kufta-373769">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.food.com&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Kufta+Recipe+-+Food.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.food.com%2Frecipe%2Fpalestinian-kufta-373769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Once Upon a Time in Jerusalem</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-859-64323-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-859-64323-5">978-1-859-64323-5</a> ch. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020221/http://www.palestine-family.net/index.php?nav=6-23&cid=10&did=2127">"Palestine-Family.net – for the world-wide Palestine community"</a>. <i>www.palestine-family.net</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.palestine-family.net&rft.atitle=Palestine-Family.net+%E2%80%93+for+the+world-wide+Palestine+community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestine-family.net%2Findex.php%3Fnav%3D6-23%26cid%3D10%26did%3D2127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zvi-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zvi_264-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTal_Ben_Zvi2006" class="citation web cs1">Tal Ben Zvi (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hagar-gallery.com/Catalogues/docs/PArt_eng_final.pdf">"Hagar: Contemporary Palestinian Art"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hagar Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116185723/http://www.hagar-gallery.com/Catalogues/docs/PArt_eng_final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hagar%3A+Contemporary+Palestinian+Art&rft.pub=Hagar+Association&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Tal+Ben+Zvi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hagar-gallery.com%2FCatalogues%2Fdocs%2FPArt_eng_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,1752076,00.html">"Xan Brooks on Palestinian directors | Film | The Guardian"</a>. London: Film.guardian.co.uk. 12 April 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724025446/http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,1752076,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Xan+Brooks+on+Palestinian+directors+%26%23124%3B+Film+%26%23124%3B+The+Guardian&rft.date=2006-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilm.guardian.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2Ffeaturepages%2F0%2C%2C1752076%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080612083355/http://www.palestinefilm.org/default.asp">"Palestine Film"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestinefilm.org/default.asp">the original</a> on 12 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestine+Film&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestinefilm.org%2Fdefault.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacobs-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jacobs_267-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobs et al., 1998, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karmi-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karmi_268-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karmi, 2005, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aramco-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aramco_269-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJane_Waldron_Grutz1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Jane Waldron Grutz (January–February 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070219004053/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199101/woven.legacy.woven.language.htm">"Woven Legacy, Woven Language"</a>. <i>Saudi Aramco World</i>. 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Melisende. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-901764-47-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-901764-47-5">978-1-901764-47-5</a>. p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weir, Shelagh (1989) <i>Palestinian Costume</i>. British Museum. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7141-1597-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7141-1597-5">0-7141-1597-5</a>. pp. 88, 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kochavi-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kochavi_273-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kochavi_273-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kochavi_273-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannah_Amit-Kochavi" class="citation web cs1">Hannah Amit-Kochavi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erudit.org/revue/ttr/2000/v13/n1/037393ar.pdf">"Hebrew Translations of Palestinian Literature – from Total Denial to Partial Recognition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literature+and+Nation+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-2073-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzlbtyGIZyZQC%26q%3D%2522palestinian%2Bliterature%2522%2B%2522arabic%2Bliterature%2522%2Bpalestine%26pg%3DPP6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070925033412/https://www.pnic.gov.ps/english/Media_culture/Literature_Poetry.html">"Palestinian Literature and poetry"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Art+of+Resistance&rft.date=2006-10-21&rft.au=Adnan+Soueif&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabworldbooks.com%2FNews%2Fartofresistance.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3949069,00.html">"Jewish filmmaker tells Palestinian story"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ynetnews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynetnews">Ynetnews</a></i>. 6 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707130207/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3949069,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0203167144" title="Special:BookSources/978-0203167144"><bdi>978-0203167144</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129194146/https://books.google.com/books?id=JveuOqkSnL8C">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Approaches+to+Migration%3F%3A+Transnational+Communities+and+the+Transformation+of+Home&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0203167144&rft.aulast=Al-Ali&rft.aufirst=Nadje&rft.au=Koser%2C+Khalid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJveuOqkSnL8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnkori2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gannit_Ankori" title="Gannit Ankori">Ankori, Gannit</a> (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestinianart0000anko"><i>Palestinian Art</i></a></span>. Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1861892591" title="Special:BookSources/978-1861892591"><bdi>978-1861892591</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Art&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1861892591&rft.aulast=Ankori&rft.aufirst=Gannit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestinianart0000anko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Barzilai, Gad. (2003). <i>Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities.</i> Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-11315-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-11315-1">0-472-11315-1</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Zvi1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben_Zvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yitzhak Ben Zvi">Ben Zvi, Yitzhak</a> (8 October 1985). <i>Oral telling of Samaritan traditions: Volume 780-785</i>. A.B. Samaritan News. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oral+telling+of+Samaritan+traditions%3A+Volume+780-785&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=A.B.+Samaritan+News&rft.date=1985-10-08&rft.aulast=Ben+Zvi&rft.aufirst=Yitzhak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopedia_Britannica" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Brice, William Charles; Faris, Nabih Amin; <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi" title="Rashid Khalidi">Khalidi, Rashid Ismail</a>; Kenyon, Kathleen Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Palestine">"Palestine"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240916132144/https://www.britannica.com/place/Palestine">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Palestine&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Brice&rft.aufirst=William+Charles&rft.au=Faris%2C+Nabih+Amin&rft.au=Khalidi%2C+Rashid+Ismail&rft.au=Kenyon%2C+Kathleen+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FPalestine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Boyle_(lawyer)" title="Kevin Boyle (lawyer)">Boyle, Kevin</a> and Sheen, Juliet (1997). <i>Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report</i>. London: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-15977-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-15977-6">0-415-15977-6</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2006" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Getzel M. (2006). <i>The Hellenistic settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Africa</i> (Illustrated ed.). University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520931022" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520931022"><bdi>978-0520931022</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hellenistic+settlements+in+Syria%2C+the+Red+Sea+Basin%2C+and+North+Africa&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0520931022&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Getzel+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cohen, Hillel, <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Shadows,_Palestinian_Collaboration_with_Zionism,_1917%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Army of Shadows, Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948">Army of Shadows, Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948</a></li> <li>Cohen, Robin (1995). <i>The Cambridge Survey of World Migration</i>. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-44405-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-44405-5">0-521-44405-5</a></li> <li>Cordesman, Anthony H (2005). <i>The Israeli-Palestinian War: Escalating to Nowhere</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-98758-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-98758-2">0-275-98758-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanver2015" class="citation book cs1">Danver, S., ed. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tv4TBwAAQBAJ"><i>Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-46399-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-46399-3"><bdi>978-1-317-46399-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Native+Peoples+of+the+World%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Groups%2C+Cultures+and+Contemporary+Issues&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-46399-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTv4TBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowty2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Dowty" title="Alan Dowty">Dowty, A.</a> (2023). "Chapter 10: The Perfect Conflict". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D3apEAAAQBAJ"><i>Israel / Palestine</i></a> (5th ed.). Polity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5095-5483-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5095-5483-6"><bdi>978-1-5095-5483-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+10%3A+The+Perfect+Conflict&rft.btitle=Israel+%2F+Palestine&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Polity+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-5095-5483-6&rft.aulast=Dowty&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD3apEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Drummond, Dorothy Weitz (2004). <i>Holy Land, Whose Land?: Modern Dilemma, Ancient Roots</i>. Fairhurst Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9748233-2-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9748233-2-5">0-9748233-2-5</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Esposito, John L., ed. (2004). "Arab-Israeli Conflict". <i>The Islamic World: Past and Present</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195165203.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780195165203.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516520-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516520-3"><bdi>978-0-19-516520-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arab-Israeli+Conflict&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+World%3A+Past+and+Present&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195165203.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516520-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Farsoun, Samih K. (2004). <i>Culture and Customs of the Palestinians</i>. Greenwood Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32051-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32051-9">0-313-32051-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldman1990" class="citation journal cs1">Feldman, Louis H. (1990). "Some Observations on the Name of Palestine". <i>Hebrew Union College Annual</i>. <b>61</b>. Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion: 1–23. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23508170">23508170</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hebrew+Union+College+Annual&rft.atitle=Some+Observations+on+the+Name+of+Palestine&rft.volume=61&rft.pages=1-23&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23508170%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=Louis+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldman1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Feldman" title="Louis Feldman">Feldman, Louis</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pACJYw0bg3QC&pg=PA553">"Some Observations on the Name of Palestine"</a>. <i>Studies in Hellenistic Judaism</i>. BRILL. pp. 553–576. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004104181" title="Special:BookSources/9789004104181"><bdi>9789004104181</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Some+Observations+on+the+Name+of+Palestine&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Hellenistic+Judaism&rft.pages=553-576&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9789004104181&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpACJYw0bg3QC%26pg%3DPA553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelvin2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Gelvin" title="James L. Gelvin">Gelvin, J.L.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wfIFVze1MqQC"><i>The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85289-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85289-0"><bdi>978-0-521-85289-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israel-Palestine+Conflict%3A+One+Hundred+Years+of+War&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85289-0&rft.aulast=Gelvin&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwfIFVze1MqQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelvin2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Gelvin" title="James L. Gelvin">Gelvin, J.L.</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=twEbEAAAQBAJ"><i>The Israel-Palestine Conflict: A History</i></a> (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48868-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48868-6"><bdi>978-1-108-48868-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israel-Palestine+Conflict%3A+A+History&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-108-48868-6&rft.aulast=Gelvin&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtwEbEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenfieldPaulStonePinnick2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonas_C._Greenfield" title="Jonas C. Greenfield">Greenfield, Jonas C.</a>; Paul, Shalom M.; Stone, Michael E; Pinnick, Avital (2001). <i>Al Kanfei Yonah: Collected Studies of Jonas C. Greenfield on Semitic Philology</i> (Illustrated ed.). BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004121706" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004121706"><bdi>978-9004121706</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al+Kanfei+Yonah%3A+Collected+Studies+of+Jonas+C.+Greenfield+on+Semitic+Philology&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-9004121706&rft.aulast=Greenfield&rft.aufirst=Jonas+C.&rft.au=Paul%2C+Shalom+M.&rft.au=Stone%2C+Michael+E&rft.au=Pinnick%2C+Avital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Guzmán, Roberto Marín (2000). <i>A Century of Palestinian Immigration into Central America</i>. Editorial Universidad de C.R. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9977-67-587-2" title="Special:BookSources/9977-67-587-2">9977-67-587-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaklai2011" class="citation book cs1">Haklai, Oded (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jTuxZA-sFiwC&pg=PA112"><i>Palestinian Ethnonationalism in Israel</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0439-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0439-1"><bdi>978-0-8122-0439-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193937/https://books.google.com/books?id=jTuxZA-sFiwC&pg=PA112#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Ethnonationalism+in+Israel&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0439-1&rft.aulast=Haklai&rft.aufirst=Oded&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjTuxZA-sFiwC%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Healey, John F. (2001). <i>The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus</i>. Brill Academic Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10754-1" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10754-1">90-04-10754-1</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerodotus" class="citation book cs1">Herodotus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.mb.txt"><i>History of Herodotus</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629060743/http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.mb.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Herodotus&rft.au=Herodotus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassics.mit.edu%2FHerodotus%2Fhistory.mb.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Hobsbawn, Eric</a> (1990). <i>Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, myth, reality</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</li> <li>Howell, Mark (2007). <i>What Did We Do to Deserve This? Palestinian Life under Occupation in the West Bank</i>, Garnet Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85964-195-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85964-195-4">1-85964-195-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussainShumock2006" class="citation book cs1">Hussain, Mir Zohair; Shumock, Stephan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uqYDX_4XQscC&pg=PA284">"Kurdish Ethnonationalism: A Concise Overview"</a>. In Saha, S. C. (ed.). <i>Perspectives on Contemporary Ethnic Conflict: Primal Violence Or the Politics of Conviction</i>. Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739110850" title="Special:BookSources/9780739110850"><bdi>9780739110850</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193827/https://books.google.com/books?id=uqYDX_4XQscC&pg=PA284#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kurdish+Ethnonationalism%3A+A+Concise+Overview&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+Contemporary+Ethnic+Conflict%3A+Primal+Violence+Or+the+Politics+of+Conviction&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780739110850&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=Mir+Zohair&rft.au=Shumock%2C+Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuqYDX_4XQscC%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsEberSilvani1998" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Daniel; Eber, Shirley; Silvani, Francesca (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/israelpalestinia00jaco"><i>Israel and the Palestinian Territories: the rough guide</i></a>. London: Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-248-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-248-0"><bdi>978-1-85828-248-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+and+the+Palestinian+Territories%3A+the+rough+guide&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-85828-248-0&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Eber%2C+Shirley&rft.au=Silvani%2C+Francesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisraelpalestinia00jaco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson2001" class="citation cs2">Jacobson, David (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cojs.org/when_palestine_meant_israel-_david_jacobson-_bar_27-03-_may-jun_2001/.">"When Palestine Meant Israel"</a>, <i>Biblical Archaeology Review</i>, <b>27</b> (3), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230726233541/http://cojs.org/when_palestine_meant_israel-_david_jacobson-_bar_27-03-_may-jun_2001/">archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review&rft.atitle=When+Palestine+Meant+Israel&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcojs.org%2Fwhen_palestine_meant_israel-_david_jacobson-_bar_27-03-_may-jun_2001%2F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJabareen2002" class="citation book cs1">Jabareen, Hassan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s9_KHjmm6ssC&pg=PA214">"Chapter 11. The Future of Arab Citizenship in Israel:Jewish-Zionist Time in as Place with No Palestinian memory"</a>. In Levy, D.; Weiss, Y. (eds.). <i>Challenging Ethnic Citizenship: German and Israeli Perspectives on Immigration</i>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782381631" title="Special:BookSources/9781782381631"><bdi>9781782381631</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193827/https://books.google.com/books?id=s9_KHjmm6ssC&pg=PA214#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+11.+The+Future+of+Arab+Citizenship+in+Israel%3AJewish-Zionist+Time+in+as+Place+with+No+Palestinian+memory&rft.btitle=Challenging+Ethnic+Citizenship%3A+German+and+Israeli+Perspectives+on+Immigration&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781782381631&rft.aulast=Jabareen&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds9_KHjmm6ssC%26pg%3DPA214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarmi2005" class="citation book cs1">Karmi, Ghada (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchoffatima00karm"><i>In Search of Fatima: A Palestinian Story</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Verso" class="mw-redirect" title="Verso">Verso</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-694-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-694-0"><bdi>978-1-85984-694-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Fatima%3A+A+Palestinian+Story&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85984-694-0&rft.aulast=Karmi&rft.aufirst=Ghada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsearchoffatima00karm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasher1990" class="citation book cs1">Kasher, Aryeh (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SNfZ4OjH_ukC&dq=%22syrians+of+palestine%22+herodotus+ethnic&pg=RA1-PA15"><i>Jews and Hellenistic Cities in Eretz-Israel</i></a>. Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-16-145241-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-16-145241-0"><bdi>3-16-145241-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015104148/https://books.google.com/books?id=SNfZ4OjH_ukC&dq=%22syrians+of+palestine%22+herodotus+ethnic&pg=RA1-PA15">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews+and+Hellenistic+Cities+in+Eretz-Israel&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=3-16-145241-0&rft.aulast=Kasher&rft.aufirst=Aryeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSNfZ4OjH_ukC%26dq%3D%2522syrians%2Bof%2Bpalestine%2522%2Bherodotus%2Bethnic%26pg%3DRA1-PA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi" title="Rashid Khalidi">Khalidi, Rashid</a> (2010) [1997]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YDPKFyZ38qsC&pg=PA18"><i>Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231150750" title="Special:BookSources/9780231150750"><bdi>9780231150750</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193200/https://books.google.com/books?id=YDPKFyZ38qsC&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Identity%3A+The+Construction+of+Modern+National+Consciousness&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780231150750&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Rashid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYDPKFyZ38qsC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071106010211/http://www.brynmawr.edu/provost/biblio/doumani.pdf">"Beshara Doumani's "Rediscovering Ottoman Palestine: Writing Palestinians into History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brynmawr.edu/provost/biblio/doumani.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beshara+Doumani%27s+%22Rediscovering+Ottoman+Palestine%3A+Writing+Palestinians+into+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brynmawr.edu%2Fprovost%2Fbiblio%2Fdoumani.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy1994" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Justin_McCarthy_(American_historian)" title="Justin McCarthy (American historian)">McCarthy, Justin</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Palestine-Remembered/Story559.html">"Palestine's Population During The Ottoman And The British Mandate Periods"</a>. <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>. <b>114</b>: 106–107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F604972">10.2307/604972</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/604972">604972</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118124511/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Palestine-Remembered/Story559.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=Palestine%27s+Population+During+The+Ottoman+And+The+British+Mandate+Periods&rft.volume=114&rft.pages=106-107&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F604972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F604972%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2FAcre%2FPalestine-Remembered%2FStory559.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasser2013" class="citation book cs1">Nasser, Riad (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bA5aJDgGjR8C&pg=PA69"><i>Palestinian Identity in Jordan and Israel: The Necessary 'Others' in the Making of a Nation</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135931360" title="Special:BookSources/9781135931360"><bdi>9781135931360</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193828/https://books.google.com/books?id=bA5aJDgGjR8C&pg=PA69#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Identity+in+Jordan+and+Israel%3A+The+Necessary+%27Others%27+in+the+Making+of+a+Nation&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781135931360&rft.aulast=Nasser&rft.aufirst=Riad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbA5aJDgGjR8C%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi" title="Rashid Khalidi">Khalidi, Rashid</a> (2006). <i>The Iron Cage: The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood</i>, Houghton Mifflin. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8070-0308-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8070-0308-5">0-8070-0308-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Khalidi, Walid</a> (1984). <i>Before Their Diaspora</i>. Institute for Palestine Studies, Washington D.C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Kimmerling" title="Baruch Kimmerling">Kimmerling, Baruch</a> and Joseph S. Migdal (2003). <i>The Palestinian People: A History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01129-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01129-5">0-674-01129-5</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01129-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01129-8">978-0-674-01129-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKish1978" class="citation book cs1">Kish, George (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sourcebookingeog0000unse"><i>A Source Book in Geography</i></a> (Reissue, illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674822702" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674822702"><bdi>978-0674822702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Source+Book+in+Geography&rft.edition=Reissue%2C+illustrated&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0674822702&rft.aulast=Kish&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsourcebookingeog0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kunstel, Marcia and Joseph Albright (1990). <i>Their Promised Land: Arab and Jew in History's Cauldron-One Valley in the Jerusalem Hills</i>. Crown. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-57231-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-57231-1">0-517-57231-1</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, Bernard</a> (1999). <i>Semites and Anti-Semites, An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice</i>. W.W. Norton and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31839-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31839-5"><bdi>978-0-393-31839-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Semites+and+Anti-Semites%2C+An+Inquiry+into+Conflict+and+Prejudice&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+and+Company&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31839-5&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, Bernard</a> (2002). <i>The Arabs in History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, USA, 6th ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131127142714/http://freedomofbleep.com/2009/02/obama-brings-terror-to-the-us/">freedomofbleep.com</a></li> <li>Lybarger, Loren (2007). <i>Identity and religion in Palestine: the struggle between Islamism and secularism in the occupied territories</i>. Princeton University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12729-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12729-3">978-0-691-12729-3</a></li> <li>Lynd, S., Bahour, S. and Lynd, A. (editors) <i>Homeland: Oral Histories of Palestine and Palestinians</i>. New York: Olive Branch Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56656-132-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56656-132-9">1-56656-132-9</a></li> <li>McCarthy, Justin (1990). "The Population of Palestine: Population Statistics of the Late Ottoman Period and the Mandate". Columbia University Press, ISBAN: 0231071108</li> <li>McDowall, David (1989). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pIezNAykWNQC&dq=village+Palestine+identity&pg=PA90">The Uprising and Beyond</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015103137/https://books.google.com/books?id=pIezNAykWNQC&dq=village+Palestine+identity&pg=PA90">Archived</a> 15 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. I.B.Tauris. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85043-289-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85043-289-9">1-85043-289-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Muhawi" title="Ibrahim Muhawi">Muhawi, Ibrahim</a> (1989). <i>Speak, Bird, Speak Again: Palestinian Arab Folktales</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06292-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06292-4">978-0-520-06292-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkes1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Parkes_(clergyman)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Parkes (clergyman)">Parkes, James</a> (1970) [1949]. <i>Whose Land? A History of the Peoples of Palestine</i> (Rev. ed.). Penguin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whose+Land%3F+A+History+of+the+Peoples+of+Palestine&rft.edition=Rev.&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Parkes&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Parmenter, Barbara McKean (1994). <i>Giving Voice to Stones Place and Identity in Palestinian Literature</i> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehoshua_Porath" title="Yehoshua Porath">Porath, Yehoshua</a> (1974). <i>The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement 1918–1929</i>. London: Frank Cass and Co., Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-2939-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-2939-1">0-7146-2939-1</a></li> <li>Porath, Yehoshua (1977). <i>Palestinian Arab National Movement: From Riots to Rebellion: 1929–1939</i>, vol. 2, London: Frank Cass and Co., Ltd.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulzHammer2003" class="citation book cs1">Schulz, Helena Lindholm; Hammer, Juliane (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YS8NjbwqUFAC&q=sumud&pg=PA106"><i>The Palestinian Diaspora: Formation of Identities and Politics of Homeland</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26820-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26820-2"><bdi>978-0-415-26820-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129194147/https://books.google.com/books?id=YS8NjbwqUFAC&q=sumud&pg=PA106">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palestinian+Diaspora%3A+Formation+of+Identities+and+Politics+of+Homeland&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26820-2&rft.aulast=Schulz&rft.aufirst=Helena+Lindholm&rft.au=Hammer%2C+Juliane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYS8NjbwqUFAC%26q%3Dsumud%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Shahin, Mariam (2005). <i>Palestine: A Guide</i>. Interlink Books.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStavenhagen2009" class="citation book cs1">Stavenhagen, Rodolfo (2009). "Indigenous Peoples". In Forsythe, David P. (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Human Rights</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195334029.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780195334029.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533402-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533402-9"><bdi>978-0-19-533402-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Indigenous+Peoples&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Human+Rights&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195334029.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533402-9&rft.aulast=Stavenhagen&rft.aufirst=Rodolfo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Whitelam, Keith (1997). <i>The Invention of Ancient Israel: The Silencing of Palestinian History</i>, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-10759-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-10759-8">0-415-10759-8</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-10759-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-10759-4">978-0-415-10759-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilmer2021" class="citation book cs1">Wilmer, Franke (15 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ygSEAAAQBAJ"><i>Breaking Cycles of Violence in Israel and Palestine: Empathy and Peacemaking in the Middle East</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7936-2352-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7936-2352-2"><bdi>978-1-7936-2352-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193828/https://books.google.com/books?id=8ygSEAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breaking+Cycles+of+Violence+in+Israel+and+Palestine%3A+Empathy+and+Peacemaking+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2021-01-15&rft.isbn=978-1-7936-2352-2&rft.aulast=Wilmer&rft.aufirst=Franke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ygSEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Charles Wilson, "Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt". New York, 1881.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWittes2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Cofman_Wittes" title="Tamara Cofman Wittes">Wittes, Tamara Cofman</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kSrWfRY9DqcC&pg=PA5"><i>How Israelis and Palestinians Negotiate: A Cross-cultural Analysis</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Institute_of_Peace" title="United States Institute of Peace">US Institute of Peace Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781929223640" title="Special:BookSources/9781929223640"><bdi>9781929223640</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193827/https://books.google.com/books?id=kSrWfRY9DqcC&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Israelis+and+Palestinians+Negotiate%3A+A+Cross-cultural+Analysis&rft.pub=US+Institute+of+Peace+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781929223640&rft.aulast=Wittes&rft.aufirst=Tamara+Cofman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkSrWfRY9DqcC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYakobsonRubinstein2009" class="citation book cs1">Yakobson, Alexander; Rubinstein, Amnon (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tFxW-7skk3UC"><i>Israel and the Family of Nations: The Jewish Nation-state and Human Rights</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46441-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46441-3"><bdi>978-0-415-46441-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231102132926/https://books.google.com/books?id=tFxW-7skk3UC">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+and+the+Family+of+Nations%3A+The+Jewish+Nation-state+and+Human+Rights&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-46441-3&rft.aulast=Yakobson&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.au=Rubinstein%2C+Amnon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtFxW-7skk3UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemino2004" class="citation journal cs1">Semino; et al. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1181965">"Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area"</a>. <i>American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>74</b> (5): 1023–1034. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F386295">10.1086/386295</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1181965">1181965</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15069642">15069642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Origin%2C+Diffusion%2C+and+Differentiation+of+Y-Chromosome+Haplogroups+E+and+J%3A+Inferences+on+the+Neolithization+of+Europe+and+Later+Migratory+Events+in+the+Mediterranean+Area&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1023-1034&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1181965%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15069642&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F386295&rft.au=Semino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1181965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ateek, Naim (1992) Jerusalem in Islam and For Palestinian Christians.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Times1978" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/19/archives/palestine-nationalism-a-search-for-roots.html">"Palestine Nationalism: A. Search for Roots"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 19 February 1978. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015103939/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/19/archives/palestine-nationalism-a-search-for-roots.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Palestine+Nationalism%3A+A.+Search+for+Roots&rft.date=1978-02-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F02%2F19%2Farchives%2Fpalestine-nationalism-a-search-for-roots.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestinians" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palestinian_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Palestinian people">Palestinian people</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barghouti.com/folklore/songs/">Sounds of Folksongs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702103732/http://www.barghouti.com/folklore/songs/">Archived</a> 2 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.papp.undp.org/">United Nations Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian People</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970704102838/http://www.papp.undp.org/">Archived</a> 4 July 1997 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ottomanpalestine.com">The Ottoman Palestine</a> Download Palestinian Pictures in Ottoman Palestine.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Palestine_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palestine_topics" title="Template talk:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Palestine_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">Early history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Islamic Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Crusaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid Dynasty">Ayyubid Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="History of the State of Palestine">Modern history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Palestinians" title="History of the Palestinians">History of the Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Palestine" title="Slavery in Palestine">Slavery in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Palestinian Declaration of Independence">Palestinian Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_the_Palestinian_territories" title="List of years in the Palestinian territories">Years in the Palestinian territories</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">1948 Palestinian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">First Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawson%27s_Field_hijackings" title="Dawson's Field hijackings">Dawson's Field hijackings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">Battle of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Hamas_political_violence_in_Gaza" title="2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza">2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Hamas-Salafist conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(2009)" title="Battle of Rafah (2009)">Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Geography of the State of Palestine">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Northern West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Southern West Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Borders of the State of Palestine">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Palestine" title="Governorates of Palestine">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Landforms of the State of Palestine">Landforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">Depopulated villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the State of Palestine">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Politics of the Palestinian National Authority">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">International recognition</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Democratic_Union" title="Palestinian Democratic Union">FIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Initiative" title="Palestinian National Initiative">Palestinian National Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_People%27s_Party" title="Palestinian People's Party">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Palestinian_political_party)" title="Third Way (Palestinian political party)">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">PPSF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Palestine" title="Elections in Palestine">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Legal status of the State of Palestine">Legal status of the State of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Palestine" title="Government of Palestine">West Bank (SOP-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="President of the State of Palestine">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">Palestinian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_law" title="Palestinian law">Judicial system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Dweik" title="Aziz Dweik">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Propagation_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Gaza_Strip)" title="Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Gaza Strip)">Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces" title="Palestinian National Security Forces">Palestinian National Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Preventive_Security" title="Palestinian Preventive Security">Palestinian Preventive Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_security_assistance_to_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority">United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine">Foreign affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (State of Palestine)">Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions of the State of Palestine">Diplomatic missions of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions in Palestine">Diplomatic missions in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_to_Palestinians" title="International aid to Palestinians">International aid to Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Economy of the State of Palestine">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Companies of the State of Palestine">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Palestine">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Communications in the State of Palestine">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exchange" title="Palestine Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Taxation in the State of Palestine">Taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Tourism in the State of Palestine">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Transport in the State of Palestine">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Water supply and sanitation in the State of Palestine">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Monetary_Authority" title="Palestine Monetary Authority">Palestine Monetary Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Society of the State of Palestine">Society</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Palestine" title="Culture of Palestine">culture</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_citizens_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian citizens of Israel">Palestinian citizens of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_archaeology#Archaeology_in_the_West_Bank" title="Levantine archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Palestine" title="Architecture of Palestine">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_art" title="Palestinian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_as_a_Palestinian_symbol" title="Watermelon as a Palestinian symbol">watermelon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_traditional_costumes" title="Palestinian traditional costumes">Costume and embroidery</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_keffiyeh" title="Palestinian keffiyeh">keffiyeh</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_wine" title="Palestinian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Palestinian territories">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Education in the State of Palestine">Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine">universities and colleges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Palestine" title="Flag of Palestine">Flag of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_handicrafts" title="Palestinian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Health in the State of Palestine">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Healthcare in the State of Palestine">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Palestine" title="Mental health in Palestine">Mental healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Human rights in the State of Palestine">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="LGBT rights in the State of Palestine">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_literature" title="Palestinian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinians" title="List of Palestinians">Personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Palestinian National Authority">Postage stamps and history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prostitution in the State of Palestine">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Palestine" title="Public holidays in Palestine">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Religion in the State of Palestine">Religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in the State of Palestine">Religious buildings</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sport_in_Palestine" title="History of sport in Palestine">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Football in the State of Palestine">Football</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_State_of_Palestine_by_city" title="Category:Mass media in the State of Palestine by city">By city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Palestinians" title="Category:Books about Palestinians">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_journalists" title="Category:Palestinian journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newspapers_published_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Newspapers published in the State of Palestine">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photography_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Photography in the State of Palestine">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Radio in the State of Palestine">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Television in the State of Palestine">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_News_Agency" title="Ma'an News Agency">Ma'an News Agency</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Telegraph" title="The Palestine Telegraph">The Palestine Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Israel_Journal" title="Palestine–Israel Journal">Palestine–Israel Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Media_Watch" title="Palestinian Media Watch">Palestinian Media Watch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wafa" title="Wafa">Wafa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Australians" title="Palestinian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Brazilian" title="Palestinian Brazilian">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Canadians" title="Palestinian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Chile" title="Palestinians in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Egypt" title="Palestinians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Salvadorans" title="Palestinian Salvadorans">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Haitians" title="Palestinian Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Iraq" title="Palestinians in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Jordan" title="Palestinians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Gulf_War" title="Aftermath of the Gulf War">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Lebanon" title="Palestinians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Mexicans" title="Palestinian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Nicaraguan" title="Palestinian Nicaraguan">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Pakistan" title="Palestinians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Syria" title="Palestinians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Palestinians" title="British Palestinians">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinians_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of Palestinians in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Uruguayans" title="Palestinian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Muslim Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Palestinians" title="Afro-Palestinians">Afro-Palestinians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christian Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Palestinian Baháʼís">Baháʼís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Druze in Mandatory Palestine">Druzers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Metawalis" title="Palestinian Metawalis">Metawalis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Palestine" title="Kurds in Palestine">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Gypsies (Dom/Nawar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushnak" title="Bushnak">Bushnaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Outline of the State of Palestine">Outline</a><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:State_of_Palestine" title="Category:State of Palestine">Category</a></b> <b>·</b> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201190#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201190#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201190#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1051590/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4044383-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Palestinian Arabs"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85097188">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Palestiniens"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119371233">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Palestiniens"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119371233">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="palestinští Arabové"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115653&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX530520">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560755405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027298817">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10644013">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output 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