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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Washington, D.C.–based think tank</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/The_Urban_Institute" title="The Urban Institute">The Urban Institute</a> (of Edinburgh), nor with the land development organization The <a href="/wiki/Urban_Land_Institute" title="Urban Land Institute">Urban Land Institute</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The Urban Institute</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Urban_Institute_Front_Lobby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Urban_Institute_Front_Lobby.jpg/220px-Urban_Institute_Front_Lobby.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Urban_Institute_Front_Lobby.jpg/330px-Urban_Institute_Front_Lobby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Urban_Institute_Front_Lobby.jpg/440px-Urban_Institute_Front_Lobby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Urban</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1968<span class="noprint">; 56 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1968</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Public policy think tank</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">500 L'Enfant Plz SW</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Rosen_Wartell" title="Sarah Rosen Wartell">Sarah Rosen Wartell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Revenue <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2016)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">$111,892,483<sup id="cite_ref-Ratings_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ratings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Expenses <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2016)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">$104,029,153<sup id="cite_ref-Ratings_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ratings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urban.org">urban<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Urban Institute</b> is a Washington, D.C.–based <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> that conducts economic and social policy research to "open minds, shape decisions, and offer solutions".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute receives funding from government contracts, foundations, and private donors. </p><p>The Urban Institute has been categorized as "nonpartisan",<sup id="cite_ref-nonprofitquarterly.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nonprofitquarterly.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "liberal",<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_UI_20th_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT_UI_20th-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "left-leaning".<sup id="cite_ref-thehill_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehill-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the Urban Institute co-hosted the second annual <a href="/wiki/Sadie_T.M._Alexander" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadie T.M. Alexander">Sadie T.M. Alexander</a> Conference for Economics and Related Fields with <a href="/wiki/The_Sadie_Collective" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sadie Collective">The Sadie Collective</a> in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_funding">History and funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_Institute&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Urban Institute was established in 1968 by the <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> administration to study the nation's urban problems and evaluate the <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> initiatives embodied in more than 400 laws passed in the prior four years. Johnson hand-selected economists and civic leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Kermit_Gordon" title="Kermit Gordon">Kermit Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGeorge_Bundy" title="McGeorge Bundy">McGeorge Bundy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="Irwin Miller">Irwin Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arjay_Miller" title="Arjay Miller">Arjay Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neustadt" title="Richard Neustadt">Richard Neustadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Cyrus Vance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LBJ_dedicates_Urban_Institute_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBJ_dedicates_Urban_Institute-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Gorham" title="William Gorham">William Gorham</a>, former Assistant Secretary for Health, Education and Welfare, was selected as its first president and served from 1968 to 2000. </p><p>Gradually, Urban's research and funding base broadened. In 2013, federal government contracts provided about 54% of Urban's operating funds, private foundations another 30%, and nonprofits, corporations and corporate foundations, state and local governments, international organizations and foreign entities, individuals, and Urban's endowment the rest.<sup id="cite_ref-2013_Financials_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2013_Financials-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of Urban's more than 100 private sponsors and funders include the <a href="/wiki/Annie_E._Casey_Foundation" title="Annie E. Casey Foundation">Annie E. Casey Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Family_Foundation" title="Kaiser Family Foundation">Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart_Mott_Foundation" title="Charles Stewart Mott Foundation">Charles Stewart Mott Foundation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public funding as of the 2020 fiscal year comes from various branches of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States government">United States government</a> including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">United States Agency for International Development</a> (USAID), and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_Institute&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Urban Institute's staff of approximately 450 works in several research centers and program areas: the Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy; Metropolitan Housing and Community Policy Center; Health Policy Center; the Center on Education Data and Policy; Income and Benefits Policy Center; Housing Finance Policy Center, the Justice Policy Center; the Labor, Human Services, and Population Center, Research to Action Lab, the Office of Race and Equity Research, and a Statistical Methods Group.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute also houses the Urban Institute – <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> <a href="/wiki/Tax_Policy_Center" title="Tax Policy Center">Tax Policy Center</a>, the National Center for Charitable Statistics and the Urban Institute Press in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, Urban developed a Race and Equity Framework and a Chief Diversity Officer was installed in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Institute works with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Fundraising_Professionals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Fundraising Professionals (page does not exist)">Association of Fundraising Professionals</a> to produce the Fundraising Effectiveness Project. This report provides a summary of data from several different donor software firms and other data providers such as Bloomerang, DonorPerfect, NeonCRM, the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>, DataLake, DonorTrends, eTapestry, ResultsPlus, and ClearViewCRM. According to the report, donors gave 3% more in 2016 than 2015, but getting $100 cost nonprofits $95.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staff">Staff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_Institute&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Rosen_Wartell" title="Sarah Rosen Wartell">Sarah Rosen Wartell</a>, a public policy executive and housing markets expert, became the third president of the Urban Institute in February 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She succeeded <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reischauer" title="Robert Reischauer">Robert D. Reischauer</a>, former head of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a>. Reischauer succeeded <a href="/wiki/William_Gorham" title="William Gorham">William Gorham</a>, founding president, in 2000. </p><p>Most Urban Institute researchers are <a href="/wiki/Economists" class="mw-redirect" title="Economists">economists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_scientists" class="mw-redirect" title="Social scientists">social scientists</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a> and administration researchers. Others are <a href="/wiki/Mathematicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematicians">mathematicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statisticians" class="mw-redirect" title="Statisticians">statisticians</a>, city planners, <a href="/wiki/Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineers">engineers</a>, or computer scientists. A few have backgrounds in <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, or arts and letters. Since at least 2015, the institute's <a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">DEI</a> program has resulted in staff being approximately 60 % female identifying, and 25% minority staff.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_of_trustees">Board of trustees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_Institute&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Board of trustees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2022,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urban_Institute&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the board members were: <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Gorelick" title="Jamie Gorelick">Jamie S. Gorelick</a> (chair), <a href="/wiki/Greg_Mankiw" title="Greg Mankiw">N. Gregory Mankiw</a> (vice chair), <a href="/wiki/Annette_Nazareth" title="Annette Nazareth">Annette L. Nazareth</a> (vice chair), <a href="/wiki/Anthony_A._Williams" title="Anthony A. Williams">Anthony A. Williams</a> (vice chair), J. Adam Abram, Kenneth Bacon, <a href="/wiki/Karan_Bhatia" title="Karan Bhatia">Karan Bhatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stacy_Brown-Philpot" title="Stacy Brown-Philpot">Stacy Brown-Philpot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_C._Daly" title="Mary C. Daly">Mary C. Daly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Donovan" title="Shaun Donovan">Shaun Donovan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_Farrell" title="Diana Farrell">Diana Farrell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hamburg" title="Margaret Hamburg">Margaret A. Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Haslam" title="Bill Haslam">Bill Haslam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Antonia Hernández">Antonia Hernndez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heather_Higginbottom" title="Heather Higginbottom">Heather Higginbottom</a>, W. Matthew Kelly, <a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Miller" title="Mary J. Miller">Mary J. Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nutter" title="Michael Nutter">Michael A. Nutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_J._Padr%C3%B3n" title="Eduardo J. Padrón">Eduardo Padrón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Ramsey" title="Charles H. Ramsey">Charles H. Ramsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Rowe_(Aetna)" title="John Rowe (Aetna)">John Wallis Rowe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_I._Segel" title="Arthur I. Segel">Arthur I. Segel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ron_Terwilliger" title="Ron Terwilliger">J. Ron Terwilliger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashley_Swearengin" title="Ashley Swearengin">Ashley Swearengin</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_A._Thomas_(academic)" title="David A. Thomas (academic)">David A. Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Rosen_Wartell" title="Sarah Rosen Wartell">Sarah Rosen Wartell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_stance">Political stance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_Institute&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Political stance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Urban Institute has been referred to as "nonpartisan",<sup id="cite_ref-nonprofitquarterly.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nonprofitquarterly.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "liberal",<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_UI_20th_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT_UI_20th-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "left-leaning".<sup id="cite_ref-thehill_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehill-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2005 study of media bias in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Quarterly_Journal_of_Economics" title="The Quarterly Journal of Economics">The Quarterly Journal of Economics</a></i> ranked UI as the 11th most liberal of the 50 most-cited think tanks and policy groups, placing it between the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> and the <a href="/wiki/People_for_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="People for Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for Ethical Treatment of Animals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a study by <i>U.S. News & World Report</i> most political campaign donations by Urban Institute employees go to Democratic politicians. Between 2003 and 2010, Urban Institute employees' made $79,529 in political contributions, none of which went to the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assets">Assets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_Institute&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Assets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2020, the Urban Institute had assets of $212,923,643.<sup id="cite_ref-Ratings_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ratings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funding_details">Funding details</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_Institute&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Funding details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break">Funding details as of 2020:<sup id="cite_ref-Ratings_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ratings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td class="col-break"><div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#B2DF8A; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#A6CEE3; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 833.67445855041px; border-left-color:#B15928"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#B15928"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#B15928"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 370.10276951873px; border-left-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 209.09058255155px; border-left-color:#FF7F00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FF7F00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FF7F00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 97.517787618065px; border-left-color:#E31A1C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#E31A1C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#E31A1C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:91.26915874035px 40.864907473635px 0 0; border-top-color:#33A02C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#33A02C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 67.959929822453px 100px 0; border-right-color:#1F78B4"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#1F78B4"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Operating <a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">Revenue</a> as of 2020: $111,892,483 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1F78B4; color:;"> </span> Federal government (34.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#33A02C; color:;"> </span> Foundations (33.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E31A1C; color:;"> </span> Corporations (19.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF7F00; color:;"> </span> Nonprofits and universities (5.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6A3D9A; color:;"> </span> Urban Institute endowment support (2.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B15928; color:;"> </span> State and local governments (2.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A6CEE3; color:;"> </span> Individuals (2.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B2DF8A; color:;"> </span> International organizations and foreign entities (0.02%)</div> </div> </div></div> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#FEEBE2; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:#FFFF99"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FFFF99"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FFFF99"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7957.3282711643px; border-left-color:#CAB2D6"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#CAB2D6"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#CAB2D6"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 583.79700587526px; border-left-color:#FDBF6F"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FDBF6F"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FDBF6F"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 283.33388210251px; border-left-color:#FB9A99"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FB9A99"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FB9A99"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 174.04589014632px; border-left-color:#B2DF8A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#B2DF8A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#B2DF8A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 117.83254560581px; border-left-color:#A6CEE3"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#A6CEE3"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#A6CEE3"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 40.321436194175px; border-left-color:#B15928"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#B15928"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#B15928"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:97.591676193875px 21.814324139654px 0 0; border-top-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:63.742398974869px 77.051324277579px 0 0; border-top-color:#FF7F00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FF7F00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 1589.4544843865px 100px 0; border-right-color:#E31A1C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#E31A1C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 71.69861740979px 100px 0; border-right-color:#33A02C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#33A02C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:3.627632170999px; border-width:0 0 96.372367829001px 26.690198932038px; border-bottom-color:#1F78B4"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Research <a href="/wiki/Expenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Expenses">Expenses</a> as of 2020: $95,000,130 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1F78B4; color:;"> </span> Health Policy Center (20.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#33A02C; color:;"> </span> Metropolitan Housing and Communities Policy Center (14.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E31A1C; color:;"> </span> Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population (14.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF7F00; color:;"> </span> Justice Policy Center (12.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6A3D9A; color:;"> </span> Income and Benefits Policy Center (10.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B15928; color:;"> </span> Tax Policy Center (9.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A6CEE3; color:;"> </span> Research to Action Lab (7.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B2DF8A; color:;"> </span> Executive Office Research (2.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FB9A99; color:;"> </span> Center on Education Data and Policy (2.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FDBF6F; color:;"> </span> Housing Finance Policy Center (2.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CAB2D6; color:;"> </span> Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy (2.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF99; color:;"> </span> Statistical Methods Group (0.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FEEBE2; color:;"> </span> Office of Technology and Data Science (0.1%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_Institute&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ratings-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ratings_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ratings_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ratings_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ratings_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/2021/11/01/2020-annual-report.pdf">"Annual Report 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Urban Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2020&rft.pub=Urban+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.urban.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2021%2F11%2F01%2F2020-annual-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urban.org/about/">"About the Urban Institute"</a>. Urban Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Urban+Institute&rft.pub=Urban+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urban.org%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nonprofitquarterly.org-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nonprofitquarterly.org_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nonprofitquarterly.org_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Cohen, Rick (December 12, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2014/12/12/the-inner-workings-of-think-tanks-transparify-gives-us-a-good-look/">"The Inner Workings of Think Tanks: Transparify Gives Us a Good Look"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_Quarterly" title="Nonprofit Quarterly">Nonprofit Quarterly</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160531025115/https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2014/12/12/the-inner-workings-of-think-tanks-transparify-gives-us-a-good-look/">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2018</span>. <q>... the Urban Institute, and others are typically considered nonpartisan or middle of the road.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nonprofit+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Inner+Workings+of+Think+Tanks%3A+Transparify+Gives+Us+a+Good+Look&rft.date=2014-12-12&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnonprofitquarterly.org%2F2014%2F12%2F12%2Fthe-inner-workings-of-think-tanks-transparify-gives-us-a-good-look%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean2014" class="citation web cs1">McLean, Jim (November 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khi.org/news/2014/nov/20/kansas-hospitals-continue-campaign-medicaid-expans/">"Kansas hospitals continue campaign for Medicaid expansion"</a>. Kansas Health Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216091154/https://www.khi.org/news/2014/nov/20/kansas-hospitals-continue-campaign-medicaid-expans">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2018</span>. <q>... the nonpartisan Urban Institute ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kansas+hospitals+continue+campaign+for+Medicaid+expansion&rft.pub=Kansas+Health+Institute&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khi.org%2Fnews%2F2014%2Fnov%2F20%2Fkansas-hospitals-continue-campaign-medicaid-expans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAT_UI_20th-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LAT_UI_20th_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAT_UI_20th_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich1988" class="citation news cs1">Rich, Spencer (June 12, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-06-12-mn-7095-story.html">"Urban Institute, Leading Liberal Think Tank, Marks 20th Birthday"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100701055658/http://articles.latimes.com/1988-06-12/news/mn-7095_1_urban-institute">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Urban+Institute%2C+Leading+Liberal+Think+Tank%2C+Marks+20th+Birthday&rft.date=1988-06-12&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-06-12-mn-7095-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehill-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thehill_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thehill_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellmann2017" class="citation web cs1">Hellmann, Jessie (September 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/350935-gop-sees-fresh-opening-with-dems-single-payer-embrace/">"GOP sees fresh opening with Dems' single payer embrace"</a>. <i>The Hill</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2022</span>. <q>A 2016 estimate from the left-leaning Urban Institute found a previous plan from Sanders would cost $32 trillion over 10 years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=GOP+sees+fresh+opening+with+Dems%27+single+payer+embrace&rft.date=2017-09-16&rft.aulast=Hellmann&rft.aufirst=Jessie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fcampaign%2F350935-gop-sees-fresh-opening-with-dems-single-payer-embrace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.umbc.edu/1st-sadie-alexander-conference/">"UMBC students Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman and Olusayo Adeleye co-create 1st U.S. conference for Black women economists"</a>. UMBC News. 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