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href="#Istorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oenologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oenologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Oenologie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Oenologie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Oenologie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Oenologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compoziția_chimică_a_vinului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compoziția_chimică_a_vinului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Compoziția chimică a vinului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compoziția_chimică_a_vinului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clasificare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clasificare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasificare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Floarea_vinului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floarea_vinului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Floarea vinului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floarea_vinului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vinuri_românești" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vinuri_românești"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vinuri românești</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vinuri_românești-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 174 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-174" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">174 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyn" title="Wyn – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wein" title="Wein – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wein" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8B%88%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95_%E1%8C%A0%E1%8C%85" title="የወይን ጠጅ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የወይን ጠጅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%ABn" title="Wīn – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wīn" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B0" title="نبيذ – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نبيذ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%A1%DC%AA%DC%90_(%DC%AB%DC%AC%DC%9D%DC%90)" title="ܚܡܪܐ (ܫܬܝܐ) – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܡܪܐ (ܫܬܝܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="نبيت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نبيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinu" title="Vinu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vinu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="वाइन – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="वाइन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99rab" title="Şərab – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şərab" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="شراب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شراب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Шарап – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шарап" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wein" title="Wein – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wein" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%ABns" title="Vīns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vīns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arak" title="Arak – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Arak" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Віно – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Віно" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Віно – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Віно" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Вино – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вино" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="দ্রাক্ষাসুরা – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্রাক্ষাসুরা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwin" title="Gwin – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дарһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дарһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi" title="Vi – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80" title="ЧагӀар – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ЧагӀар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alak" title="Alak – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alak" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="شەراب – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەراب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADno" title="Víno – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Víno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85" title="Эрех – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эрех" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwin" title="Gwin – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wein" title="Wein – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eerab" title="Şerab – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Şerab" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wino" title="Wino – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wino" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="वाइन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="वाइन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF" title="Κρασί – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρασί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9n" title="Vén – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Vén" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine" title="Wine – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vein" title="Vein – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vein" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardo" title="Ardo – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ardo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinu" title="Vinu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Vinu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="شراب – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شراب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viini" title="Viini – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vein" title="Vein – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vein" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADn" title="Vín – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vín" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyn_(drank)" title="Wyn (drank) – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wyn (drank)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADon" title="Fíon – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fíon" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" title="葡萄酒 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="葡萄酒" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven" title="Ven – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ven" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACon" title="Fìon – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fìon" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%B1o" title="Viño – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Viño" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaguy" title="Kaguy – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kaguy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 – gotică" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeyn" title="Feeyn – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Feeyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="יין – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="हाला – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine" title="Wine – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Wine" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wino" title="Wino – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wino" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diven_(non)" title="Diven (non) – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Diven (non)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(ital)" title="Bor (ital) – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bor (ital)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Գինի – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գինի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Գինի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գինի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wain" title="Wain – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Wain" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuman_anggur" title="Minuman anggur – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Minuman anggur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADn" title="Vín – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ワイン – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wain" title="Wain – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Wain" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggur_(omb%C3%A8n-omb%C3%A8n)" title="Anggur (ombèn-ombèn) – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Anggur (ombèn-ombèn)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="ღვინო – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ღვინო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Санэ – kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Санэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Av%C9%9B%C9%9B_s%CA%8Al%CA%8Am" title="Ŋvɛɛ sʊlʊm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ŋvɛɛ sʊlʊm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Шарап – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шарап" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6" title="ស្រា – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស្រា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%8F%84%EC%A3%BC" title="포도주 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포도주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Чагъыр – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Чагъыр" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eerab" title="Şerab – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şerab" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwin" title="Gwin – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gwin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Шарап – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шарап" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinum" title="Vinum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4in" title="Wäin – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wäin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Чахир – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Чахир" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien" title="Wien – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wien" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vynas" title="Vynas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%ABns" title="Vīns – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="वाइन – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वाइन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divay" title="Divay – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Divay" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggur_(minuman)" title="Anggur (minuman) – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Anggur (minuman)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Вино – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вино" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D" title="വീഞ്ഞ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വീഞ്ഞ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81" title="Дарс – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дарс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%A8" title="वाईन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वाईन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wain" title="Wain – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bino" title="Bino – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bino" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA)" title="ဝိုင် (အရက်) – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝိုင် (အရက်)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien_(Drunk)" title="Wien (Drunk) – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wien (Drunk)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien" title="Wien – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Wien" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="वाइन – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वाइन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wijn" title="Wijn – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D0%BD" title="Сæн – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сæн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਾਈਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਾਈਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wein" title="Wein – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Wein" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wino" title="Wino – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wino" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="شراب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شراب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="شراب – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شراب" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinho" title="Vinho – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vinho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winu" title="Winu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Winu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Вино – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вино" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Вино – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вино" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Вино – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Вино" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binu" title="Binu – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Binu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinu" title="Vinu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vinu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine" title="Wine – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="شراب – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شراب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viidna" title="Viidna – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Viidna" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine" title="Wine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADno" title="Víno – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Víno" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino" title="Vino – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vino" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayini" title="Wayini – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Wayini" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera_(pije_alkoolike)" title="Vera (pije alkoolike) – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vera (pije alkoolike)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Вино – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вино" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggur_(inuman)" title="Anggur (inuman) – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Anggur (inuman)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divai" title="Divai – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Divai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wino_(nap%C5%8Fwek)" title="Wino (napŏwek) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wino (napŏwek)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="வைன் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வைன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="వైన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వైన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Бода – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бода" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="ไวน์ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไวน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alak" title="Alak – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alak" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Earap" title="Şarap – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şarap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Шәраб – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шәраб" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyo" title="Vinyo – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Vinyo" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobesa" title="Bobesa – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Bobesa" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Вино – tuvană" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Вино" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%86%D9%88" title="ۋىنو – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋىنو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Вино – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вино" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="شراب – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شراب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharob" title="Sharob – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sharob" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin" title="Vin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_vang" title="Rượu vang – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rượu vang" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyn" title="Wyn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Wyn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9n" title="Vén – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vén" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bino" title="Bino – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bino" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" title="葡萄酒 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="葡萄酒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ღვინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ღვინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="וויין – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וויין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laeuj_Makit" title="Laeuj Makit – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Laeuj Makit" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" title="葡萄酒 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葡萄酒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B4-t%C3%B4-chi%C3%BA" title="Phô-tô-chiú – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phô-tô-chiú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" title="葡萄酒 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="葡萄酒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q282#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vin" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Vin" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vin"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vin"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Vin" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Vin" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&oldid=15838213" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Vin&id=15838213&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVin"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVin"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Vin"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Vin&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wine" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q282" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet bautura" style="background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Vin</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="logo" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Red_and_white_wine_12-2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Red_and_white_wine_12-2015.jpg/220px-Red_and_white_wine_12-2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Red_and_white_wine_12-2015.jpg/330px-Red_and_white_wine_12-2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Red_and_white_wine_12-2015.jpg/440px-Red_and_white_wine_12-2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3073" data-file-height="3073" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Culoare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">roșu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Roz" title="Roz">roz</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">alb</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Portocaliu" title="Portocaliu">portocaliu</a>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282#P462" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Prezență online</th></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##F5F5DC solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282" class="extiw" title="d:Q282">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_B%C4%83utur%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" 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.antet.bautura{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Picto_infobox_beer.png")no-repeat top right}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Glass_of_Red_Wine_with_a_bottle_of_Red_Wine_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Glass_of_Red_Wine_with_a_bottle_of_Red_Wine_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg/220px-Glass_of_Red_Wine_with_a_bottle_of_Red_Wine_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Glass_of_Red_Wine_with_a_bottle_of_Red_Wine_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg/330px-Glass_of_Red_Wine_with_a_bottle_of_Red_Wine_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Glass_of_Red_Wine_with_a_bottle_of_Red_Wine_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg/440px-Glass_of_Red_Wine_with_a_bottle_of_Red_Wine_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>O sticlă și un pahar cu vin roșu</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vinul</b> este o <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83utur%C4%83_alcoolic%C4%83" title="Băutură alcoolică">băutură alcoolică</a> <span class="citationNeeded skin-invert">(de 7-16%)</span><sup class="noprint"><span style="color:red;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor"><i>necesită citare</i></a>]</span></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16584850">.mw-parser-output .citationNeeded{background-color:#ffeaea;color:#444444}</style> obținută prin <a href="/wiki/Fermenta%C8%9Bie" title="Fermentație">fermentarea</a> <a href="/wiki/Strugure" title="Strugure">strugurilor</a>, fructul <a href="/wiki/Vi%C8%9B%C4%83_de_vie" title="Viță de vie">viței de vie</a>. </p><p>Transformarea strugurilor în vin se numește <a href="/wiki/Vinifica%C8%9Bie" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinificație">vinificație</a>. Studiul vinului este <a href="/wiki/Oenologie" title="Oenologie">oenologia</a>. Marea varietate de vinuri existente în lume se explică prin diferențele dintre <a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">teritorii</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soi_de_struguri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soi de struguri — pagină inexistentă">soiuri de struguri</a>, metodele de vinificație și tipurile de îmbătrânire. Astfel, există vinuri roșii, roze sau albe, dar și vinuri cu un nivel rezidual diferit de zahăr (sec sau dulce) sau o variantă efervescență (liniștit sau efervescent). <a href="/wiki/Viticultur%C4%83" title="Viticultură">Viticultura</a> s-a extins într-o mare parte a lumii și multe țări sunt producătoare de vin. </p><p>Conform definiției sale legale în Europa, vinul este produsul obținut exclusiv prin <a href="/wiki/Fermenta%C8%9Bie_alcoolic%C4%83" title="Fermentație alcoolică">fermentația alcoolică</a>, totală sau parțială, din struguri proaspeți, zdrobiți sau nu, sau din must de struguri, băuturile alcoolice aromate cu struguri neputând avea această denumire.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tăria sa alcoolică nu poate fi mai mică de 8,5% în volum. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vinul a apărut pentru prima dată în zonele Caucaz, Mesopotamia, și apoi Egipt, însă grecii l-au transformat într-un produs de larg consum, fiind principala marfă de export a acestora.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vinul a fost în antichitate legat intim de divinități, jucând un rol important în religiile orientale.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oenologie">Oenologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Oenologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Oenologie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Oenologie" title="Oenologie">Oenologie</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <p>Enologia este studiul vinului în general. Se ocupă de viticultură, vinificație, îmbătrânire (inclusiv conservarea în pivniță) și degustarea. </p><p>Numele derivă din grecescul oinos (vin) și logos (studiu). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compoziția_chimică_a_vinului"><span id="Compozi.C8.9Bia_chimic.C4.83_a_vinului"></span>Compoziția chimică a vinului</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Compoziția chimică a vinului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Compoziția chimică a vinului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Din punct de vedere <a href="/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie">chimic</a>, vinul este un <a href="/wiki/Amestec" title="Amestec">amestec</a> <a href="/wiki/Lichid" title="Lichid">lichid</a> format în principal din <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> și <a href="/wiki/Alcool_etilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcool etilic">alcool etilic</a> (numit și „<a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a>”). </p><p>Pe lângă aceste componente, vinul conține multe alte substanțe, dintre care unele sunt dorite, deoarece dau un gust plăcut vinului sau au un efect pozitiv asupra sănătății (de exemplu, <a href="/wiki/Polifenol" title="Polifenol">polifenoli</a> și <a href="/wiki/Antocianin%C4%83" title="Antocianină">antocianine</a>), în timp ce alte substanțe nu sunt nedorite, în cât de mult dau un gust neplăcut vinului sau au un efect negativ asupra sănătății (de exemplu, <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_sulf" title="Dioxid de sulf">dioxidul de sulf</a>, a cărui concentrație maximă este stabilită de lege, fiind foarte <a href="/wiki/Substan%C8%9Be_toxice" title="Substanțe toxice">toxică</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Următorul tabel prezintă valorile tipice de concentrație ale componentelor principale ale vinului: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Component</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Formul%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Formulă chimică">Formulă chimică</a></th> <th>% volum</th> <th>% greutate</th> <th>% moli</th> <th>Note</th> <th>Sursă </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">Apă</a> </td> <td>H<sub>2</sub>O </td> <td><span style="display:none">70,0</span>70-90 </td> <td><span style="display:none">82,0</span>82-85,4 </td> <td><span style="display:none">92,6</span>92,6-94,1 </td> <td>Este componentul vinului cu cea mai mare concentrație </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">Alcool etilic</a> </td> <td>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH </td> <td><span style="display:none">09,0</span>9-16 </td> <td><span style="display:none">06,9</span>6,9-11,7 </td> <td><span style="display:none">02,9</span>2,9-5,1 </td> <td>Este produs în timpul <a href="/wiki/Fermenta%C8%9Bie_alcoolic%C4%83" title="Fermentație alcoolică">fermentației alcoolice</a> a zahărurilor prezente în struguri. Procentul său de volum corespunde conținutului de alcool </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acetaldehid%C4%83" title="Acetaldehidă">Acetaldehidă</a> </td> <td>CH<sub>3</sub>CHO </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,5</span>0,5-30 </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,4</span>0,37-18,1 </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,2</span>0,17-9,1 </td> <td>Este un produs secundar al fermentației alcoolice </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glicerol" title="Glicerol">Glicerol</a></td> <td>C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>3</sub> </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,3</span>0,32-1,19 </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,4</span>0,37-1,38 </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,1</span>0,08-0,3 </td> <td> <p>Este un produs secundar al fermentației alcoolice. Concentrația sa crește odată cu creșterea conținutului de alcool </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acid_tartric" title="Acid tartric">Acid tartric</a> </td> <td>C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>6</sub> </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,2</span>0,17-0,45 </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,3</span>0,28-0,73 </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,02</span>0,02-0,1 </td> <td> <p>Prezent în struguri </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acid_lactic" title="Acid lactic">Acid lactic</a> </td> <td>C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>3</sub> </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,1</span>0,08-0,33 </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,1</span>0,09-0,37 </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,02</span>0,02-0,08 </td> <td>Produs prin fermentație malolactică </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acid_malic" title="Acid malic">Acid malic</a> </td> <td>HOOCCH(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>COOH </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,0</span>0-0,44 </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,0</span>0-0,64 </td> <td><span style="display:none">00,00</span>0-0,1 </td> <td>Prezent în struguri </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Alte componente ale vinului sunt: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcool_metilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcool metilic">alcool metilic</a>: în special toxic; se formează prin acțiunea enzimelor asupra pectinelor conținute în pielea strugurilor;<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>alcooli mai mari (adică cu atomi de carbon mai mari de 2);<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butilenglicol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butilenglicol — pagină inexistentă">butilenglicol</a> și <a href="/wiki/Acid_succinic" title="Acid succinic">acid succinic</a>: produse secundare ale fermentației alcoolice;<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid_acetic" title="Acid acetic">acid acetic</a>: produs secundar al fermentației alcoolice; concentrația sa poate fi ridicată dacă nu există o curățare adecvată a recipientelor utilizate pentru producerea vinului;<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucid%C4%83" title="Glucidă">zaharuri</a>: unele fermentează pentru a da alcool (<a href="/wiki/Fructoz%C4%83" title="Fructoză">fructoză</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glucoz%C4%83" title="Glucoză">glucoză</a>), astfel încât există doar o fracțiune dintre ele care nu a finalizat fermentația, în timp ce altele nu suferă fermentație (<a href="/wiki/Arabinoz%C4%83" title="Arabinoză">arabinoză</a> și <a href="/wiki/Xiloz%C4%83" title="Xiloză">xiloză</a>); uneori, zahăr este adăugat la vin în timpul producției sale, dar acest zahăr nu este prezent în produsul final, deoarece reacționează rapid;<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid_citric" title="Acid citric">acid citric</a>: este un acid organic prezent în struguri;<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>compuși de azot și <a href="/wiki/Microelement" title="Microelement">săruri minerale</a>: deja prezenți în struguri;<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>compuși fenolici: în parte sunt prezenți în struguri și în parte sunt eliberați de lemnul butoiului în timpul îmbătrânirii;<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>compuși aromatici: pot fi deja prezenți în struguri sau sub formă în timpul procesului de producție și îmbătrânire a vinului;<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamine">vitamine</a>: sunt prezente în struguri; Vitamina C nu este prezentă în vin, deoarece este consumată în timpul procesului de vinificație;<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_carbon" title="Dioxid de carbon">dioxid de carbon</a>: produs în timpul fermentației alcoolice; are o concentrație mai mică în vinurile îmbătrânite;<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigen</a>: absorbit de vin în timpul procesului de producție;<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_sulf" title="Dioxid de sulf">dioxid de sulf</a>: este deosebit de toxic; se adaugă în procente mici pentru reglarea fermentației și în calitate de conservant.<sup id="cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabras534-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasificare">Clasificare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Clasificare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clasificarea generală, propusă pentru sublinia „vinuri” din linia de produse vitivinicole include șase nivele ierarhice, și anume (în descendență)<sup id="cite_ref-Journal_of_Research_on_Trade,_Management_and_Economic_Development_VOLUME_4,_ISSUE_2(8)/2017_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journal_of_Research_on_Trade,_Management_and_Economic_Development_VOLUME_4,_ISSUE_2(8)/2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>clasă: caracterizează prezența în vin a dixidului de carbon, care este criteriul de distingere a vinurilor în clase. În funcție de prezența CO<sub>2</sub> în vinuri, ele se împart în două clase: <ul><li>liniștite (line): fără surplus de CO<sub>2</sub>;</li> <li>efervescente: conțin surplus de CO<sub>2</sub>, ce creează în butelii o presiunede cel puțin 0,5 bar la temperatura de 20°C;</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>subclasă: caracterizează componența sortimentală de soiuri de struguri a materiei prime, care este criteriul divizării claselor de vin în subclase. În funcție de componența sortimentală de soiuri de struguri , vinurile se divizează în trei subclase: <ul><li>de soi: obținute prin preluclarea strugurilor de un soi ampelografic sau cu adaos a cel mult 15% de struguri de alte soiuri ampelografice, care să corespundă soiului respectiv după specia botanică și culoarea boabelor;</li> <li>cu un soi de bază: obținute prin sepajul strugurilor la recoltare sau prelucrare ori la cupajarea vinurilor materie primă cu ponterea soiului de bază de cel puțin 51% și alte, unul sau două, soiuri corespunzătoare soiului de bază după specia botanică;</li> <li>din amestec de soiuri: obținute dintr-un sortiment de soiuri de struguri de aceiași specie botanică culeși separat sau laolaltă ori prin cupajarea vinurilor materie primă dintr-un sortiment de soiuri în proporții stabilite pentru fiecare denumire de vin;</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>secție: indică proveniența soiurilor de struguri, din care sunt obținute vinurile și care pot fi: <ul><li>din soiurile europene: sunt obținute din struguri de soiuri de proveniență europeană;</li> <li>din soiuri hibrizi: sunt obțtinute din struguri de souiuri hibrizi simpli (direct producători), care au la bază provenienței și soiurile de struguri americane. subclasele vinurilor efervescente nu se disting în secțiuni;</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>categorie: caracterizează gradul de naturalitate și proveniența alcoolului etilic sau a dioxidului de carbon, ce se coțin în vinuri, care sunt semne de divizare în categorii a secțiilor (subclaselor) de vinuri. În funcție de proveniența alcoolului etilic, vinurile liniștite (line) din soiuri de struguri europene și din soiuri de struguri de hibrizi se disting în 2 categorii: <ul><li>naturale: sunt integral naturale și obținute doar pe cale a fermentației alcoolice, conțin alcool etilic de proveniență exclusiv endogenă (naturală);</li> <li>speciale: sunt obținute din struguri, mustuială, must sau vinuri brute prin îmbinarea fermentației alcoolice și alcolizării suplimentare cu aplicarea unor procedee tehnologice speciale autorizate, care le atribuie proprietăți consumiste specifice, vinurile efervescente sunt divizate în funcție de originea dioxidului de carbon în 4 categorii, și anume:</li> <li>spumante: sunt autosaturate cu dioxid de carbon exclusiv de origine endogenă, obținut prin fermentația alcoolică secundară a vinurilor brute, în care prealabil este introdusă licoarea de tiraj (soluție de zahăr), la sticlă, în rezervoare sau în sisteme de rezervoare, care dezvoltă în sticlele în care sunt îmbuteliate ca produse finite o presiune de cel puțin 3,0 bari la temperatura de 20°C, cu concentrația alcoolică dobândită de cel puțin 6% în volum și concentrația alcoolică total de cel puțin 9,5% în volum;</li> <li>petiante: sunt autosaturate cu dioxid de carbon de origine endogenă, obținut prin fermentația malo-lactică sau fermentația alcoolică a zahărului remanent, care dezvoltă în sticlele în care sunt îmbuteliate ca produse finite o presiune cuprinsă între 1,0 și 2,5 bari la temperatura de 20°C, cu concentrație alcolică dobândită de cel puțin 7% în volume și concentrație alcoolică totală de cel puțin 9% în volume;</li> <li>perlante (frizante): sunt saturate cu dioxid de carbon de origine, total sau parțial, exogenă care dezvoltă în sticlele în care sunt îmbuteliate ca produse finite o presiune cuprinsă între 1,0 și 2,5 bari la temperatura de 20°C, cu concentrația alcoolică dobândită de cel puțin 7% în volume și concentrația alcoolică totală de cel puțin 9% în volume;</li> <li>spumoase (gazate); sunt saturate cu dioxid de carbon de origine exclusiv exogenă gazificat sau lichefiat prin impregnarea lui în vinurile deja tratate definitiv în butelii, rezervoare ermetice, care dezvoltă în sticlele în care sunt îmbuteliate ca produs finit o presiune de cel puțin 3,0 bari la temperatura de 20°C, cu concentrația alcoolică totală de cel puțin 9% în volume;</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Floarea_vinului">Floarea vinului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Floarea vinului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Floarea vinului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Floarea vinului</i> este denumirea unei boli care se produce la vinurile mai slabe de 12<sup>o</sup> alcoolice, păstrate în <a href="/wiki/Butoi" title="Butoi">butoaie</a> neumplute complet. Este provocată de dezvoltarea <a href="/wiki/Regnul_Fungi" title="Regnul Fungi">ciupercii</a> microscopice <i>Candida mycoderma</i>. Vinul se acoperă cu o pieliță (<i>floare</i>) formată din <a href="/wiki/Celul%C4%83_(biologie)" title="Celulă (biologie)">celulele</a> acestor <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microorganisme</a>, se tulbură și capătă un gust apos și un miros ușor rânced. Boala se poate preveni prin aerisire moderată și prin sulfitare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vinuri_românești"><span id="Vinuri_rom.C3.A2ne.C8.99ti"></span>Vinuri românești</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vinuri românești" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Vinuri românești"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Vin_rom%C3%A2nesc" title="Vin românesc">Vin românesc</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:French_taste_of_wines.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/French_taste_of_wines.JPG/200px-French_taste_of_wines.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/French_taste_of_wines.JPG/300px-French_taste_of_wines.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/French_taste_of_wines.JPG/400px-French_taste_of_wines.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Spațiul geografic românesc a fost în mod tradițional un mare producător european de vinuri, dar producția a scăzut sensibil după 1990. Conform ultimelor statistici, România ocupă locul 11 în lume după cantitatea de vin produsă și locul 6 în Europa<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dreptonline.ro/legislatie/legea_viei_vinului.php">Legea viei și vinului în sistemul organizării comune a pieței vitivinicole, legea nr. 244/2002 republicata2007</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adevarul.ro/locale/cluj-napoca/istoria-vinului-gust-gemul-vin-grecilor-antici-motivul-ciudat-romanii-beau-cald-1_56fbfec35ab6550cb8660250/index.html">Istoria vinului: ce gust avea gemul de vin al grecilor antici. Motivul ciudat pentru care romanii îl beau cald</a>, 31 martie 2016, Remus Florescu, <i>Adevărul</i>, accesat la 5 septembrie 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adevarul.ro/locale/cluj-napoca/povestea-vinul-licoarea-folosita-romani-sarbatorile-bahice-orgiastice-devenit-element-cheie-taine-fundamentale-crestinismului-1_5713a1c15ab6550cb8142880/index.html">Povestea vinului: licoarea folosită de romani la sărbătorile bahice a devenit element-cheie al unei taine fundamentale a creștinismului</a>, 18 aprilie 2016, Remus Florescu, <i>Adevărul</i>, accesat la 5 septembrie 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cabras534-544-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cabras534-544_4-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba italiană">it</span> Cabras (2004), <i>Chimica degli alimenti</i>, pp. 543-544</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Journal_of_Research_on_Trade,_Management_and_Economic_Development_VOLUME_4,_ISSUE_2(8)/2017-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Journal_of_Research_on_Trade,_Management_and_Economic_Development_VOLUME_4,_ISSUE_2(8)/2017_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTudor_MALECA2017" class="citation">Tudor MALECA (8 februarie 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oaji.net/articles/2019/4829-1562325307.pdf">„ACTUALIZAREA CLASIFICĂRII IERARHICE A VINURILOR DE STRUGURI ÎN CONTEXTUL CERINȚELOR MANAGEMENTULUI SORTIMENTULUI COMERCIAL”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of Research on Trade, Management and Economic Development</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <span class="nowrap">02 ianuarie</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Research+on+Trade%2C+Management+and+Economic+Development&rft.atitle=ACTUALIZAREA+CLASIFIC%C4%82RII+IERARHICE+A+VINURILOR+DE+STRUGURI+%C3%8EN+CONTEXTUL+CERIN%C8%9AELOR+MANAGEMENTULUI+SORTIMENTULUI+COMERCIAL&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft.au=Tudor+MALECA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foaji.net%2Farticles%2F2019%2F4829-1562325307.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">line feed character în <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> la poziția 51 (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#invisible_char" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>); </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Verificați datele pentru: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#bad_date" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agrointel.ro/3345/romania-pe-locul-11-in-lume-la-productia-de-vin/"><i>România este pe locul 11 în lume la producţia de vin – AGROINTEL.RO</i></a>, agrointel.ro</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rom%C3%A2nia+este+pe+locul+11+%C3%AEn+lume+la+produc%C5%A3ia+de+vin+%E2%80%93+AGROINTEL.RO&rft.pub=agrointel.ro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agrointel.ro%2F3345%2Fromania-pe-locul-11-in-lume-la-productia-de-vin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba italiană">it</span> <cite class="citation book">Paolo Cabras; Aldo Martelli (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=-I-uec-ppeQC"><i>Chimica degli alimenti</i></a>. Piccin-Nuova Libraria. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/88-299-1696-X" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/88-299-1696-X">88-299-1696-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chimica+degli+alimenti&rft.pub=Piccin-Nuova+Libraria&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=88-299-1696-X&rft.au=Paolo+Cabras&rft.au=Aldo+Martelli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.it%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-I-uec-ppeQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_soiuri_rom%C3%A2ne%C8%99ti_de_struguri" class="mw-redirect" title="Listă de soiuri românești de struguri">Listă de soiuri românești de struguri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vin_fiert" title="Vin fiert">Vin fiert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumul_Vinului_(Germania)" title="Drumul Vinului (Germania)">Drumul Vinului (Germania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenologie" title="Oenologie">Oenologie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vinul.ro">Revista Vinul.ro</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frenchscout.com/types-of-red-wines">Varieties of red wines</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frenchscout.com/wine-storage">Wine storage</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frenchscout.com/wine-vintages">Wine vintages, vintage charts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historia.ro/exclusiv_web/general/articol/cultura-bautului-vin-s-nascut-civilizatia">Cultura băutului de vin s-a născut cu civilizația</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111114130440/http://historia.ro/exclusiv_web/general/articol/cultura-bautului-vin-s-nascut-civilizatia">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2011-11-14">14 noiembrie 2011</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Irina Maria Manea, <i>Historia</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.descopera.ro/travelling/929554-unde-bem-cel-mai-bun-vin-din-lume">Unde bem cel mai bun vin din lume?</a>, 19 ianuarie 2009, Dan-Silviu Boerescu, <i>Descoperă</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.descopera.ro/stiinta/928833-chateau-hajji-firuz-doc">Chateau Hajji Firuz D.O.C.</a>, 15 ianuarie 2007, Dan-Silviu Boerescu, <i>Descoperă</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.descopera.ro/stiinta/928834-aliment-medicament-sau-afrodisiac">Aliment, medicament sau afrodisiac?</a>, 15 ianuarie 2007, Dan-Silviu Boerescu, <i>Descoperă</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.descopera.ro/stiinta/928836-tehnologia-vinificatiei">Tehnologia vinificatiei</a>, 15 ianuarie 2007, Dan-Silviu Boerescu, <i>Descoperă</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistamagazin.ro/content/view/4936/7/">Foaie pentru vin, carnati si excese</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120711012843/http://www.revistamagazin.ro/content/view/4936/7/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-07-11">11 iulie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 27 decembrie 2006, <i>Revista Magazin</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.descopera.ro/cultura/9643393-vinul-in-secolul-xxi">Vinul în secolul XXI</a>, 21 mai 2012, Mihaela Stănescu, <i>Descoperă</i></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Tipuri_de_vinuri" title="Format:Tipuri de vinuri"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Tipuri_de_vinuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Tipuri de vinuri — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Tipuri_de_vinuri&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">Varietăți de vinuri</span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Vin_ro%C8%99u" title="Vin roșu">Vinuri roșii</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gamay" title="Gamay">Gamay</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenache — pagină inexistentă">Grenache</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pinot_Noir" title="Pinot Noir">Pinot Noir</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pinot_Meunier" title="Pinot Meunier">Pinot Meunier</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Negru_de_Purcari" title="Negru de Purcari">Negru de Purcari</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u_de_Purcari" title="Roșu de Purcari">Roșu de Purcari</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah/Shiraz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Vin_alb" title="Vin alb">Vinuri albe</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Chablis" title="Chablis">Chablis</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer" class="mw-redirect" title="Gewürztraminer">Gewürztraminer</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pinot_Gris" title="Pinot Gris">Pinot Gris</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riesling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riesling — pagină inexistentă">Riesling</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_Blanc" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauvignon Blanc">Sauvignon Blanc</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Muscat_Ottonel" title="Muscat Ottonel">Muscat Ottonel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Vinuri spumoase </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%C8%98ampanie" title="Șampanie">Șampanie</a> (vinul de <a href="/wiki/Champagne" title="Champagne">Champagne</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Prosecco" title="Prosecco">Prosecco</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:B%C4%83uturi_alcoolice" title="Format:Băuturi alcoolice"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:B%C4%83uturi_alcoolice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Băuturi alcoolice — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:B%C4%83uturi_alcoolice&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/B%C4%83utur%C4%83_alcoolic%C4%83" title="Băutură alcoolică">Băuturi alcoolice</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Băuturi alcoolice </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Absint" title="Absint">Absint</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Afinat%C4%83" title="Afinată">Afinată</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bere" title="Bere">Bere</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vinars" title="Vinars">Brandy</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Cidru" title="Cidru">Cidru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cocteil" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocteil">Cocteil</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Coniac" title="Coniac">Coniac</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hidromel" title="Hidromel">Hidromel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lichior" title="Lichior">Lichior</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Mastic%C4%83" title="Mastică">Mastică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Palinc%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Palincă">Palincă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rachiu" title="Rachiu">Rachiu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rom_(b%C4%83utur%C4%83_alcoolic%C4%83)" title="Rom (băutură alcoolică)">Rom</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C8%98ampanie" title="Șampanie">Șampanie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C8%98libovi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Șliboviță">Șliboviță</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98naps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Șnaps — pagină inexistentă">Șnaps</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila">Tequila</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Auic%C4%83" title="Țuică">Țuică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vermut" title="Vermut">Vermut</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vinars" title="Vinars">Vinars</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vi%C8%99inat%C4%83" title="Vișinată">Vișinată</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Votc%C4%83" title="Votcă">Votcă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Zmeurat%C4%83" title="Zmeurată">Zmeurată</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Materii prime </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Secar%C4%83" title="Secară">Secară</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Porumb" title="Porumb">Porumb</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sorg" title="Sorg">Sorg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A2u" title="Grâu">Grâu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Orez" title="Orez">Orez</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fruct" title="Fruct">Fructe</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ghimbir" title="Ghimbir">Rădăcină de Ghimbir</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cartof" title="Cartof">Cartof</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Trestie_de_zah%C4%83r" title="Trestie de zahăr">Trestie de zahăr</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sfecl%C4%83_de_zah%C4%83r" title="Sfeclă de zahăr">Sfeclă de zahăr</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Miere" title="Miere">Miere</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Procese tehnologice </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Cupaj" title="Cupaj">Cupaj</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Distilare" title="Distilare">Distilare</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a 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