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Adena culture - Wikipedia

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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7" title="حضارة أدنا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حضارة أدنا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adena_(kultura)" title="Adena (kultura) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Adena (kultura)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_Adena" title="Cultura Adena – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cultura Adena" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adena-Kultur" title="Adena-Kultur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adena-Kultur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_Adena" title="Cultura Adena – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura Adena" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adena" title="Adena – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adena" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adena_(kultura)" title="Adena (kultura) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Adena (kultura)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_di_Adena" title="Cultura di Adena – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cultura di Adena" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenos_kult%C5%ABra" title="Adenos kultūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Adenos kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenacultuur" title="Adenacultuur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adenacultuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="アデナ文化 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アデナ文化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenakulturen" title="Adenakulturen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Adenakulturen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_Adena" title="Kultura Adena – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kultura Adena" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_Adena" title="Cultura Adena – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cultura Adena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Адена – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Адена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adensk%C3%A1_skupina" title="Adenská skupina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Adenská skupina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenska_kultura" title="Adenska kultura – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Adenska kultura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="شارستانیەتی ئادینا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شارستانیەتی ئادینا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adena_(kultura)" title="Adena (kultura) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Adena (kultura)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenan_kulttuuri" title="Adenan kulttuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Adenan kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenakulturen" title="Adenakulturen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adenakulturen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q355841#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pre-Columbian Native American culture</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Adena culture</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg/220px-Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg/330px-Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg/440px-Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="510" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Geographic distribution of the <b>Adena</b> (500 BCE–100 AD), <b>Hopewell</b> (200 BCE–500 AD), and <b>Fort Ancient</b> (1000–1750 AD) cultures.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographical range</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Early_Woodland_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Woodland period">Early Woodland period</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;500 BCE</span> to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;100 CE</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">Type site</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adena_Mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Adena Mound">Adena Mound</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Criel_Mound" title="Criel Mound">Criel Mound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grave_Creek_Mound" title="Grave Creek Mound">Grave Creek Mound</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Miamisburg,_Ohio#Miamisburg_Mound" title="Miamisburg, Ohio">Miamisburg Mound</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_(North_America)" title="Archaic period (North America)">Archaic period</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition#Local_expressions_of_Hopewellian_traditions" title="Hopewell tradition">Ohio Hopewell</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Adena culture</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">Pre-Columbian</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> culture that existed from 500 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> to 100 CE,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in a time known as the <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period#Early_Woodland_period_(1000–1_BC)" title="Woodland period">Early Woodland period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OHC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Adena culture refers to what were probably a number of related Native American societies sharing a burial complex and ceremonial system. The Adena culture was centered on the location of the modern state of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, but also extended into contiguous areas of northern <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, eastern <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, and parts of extreme western <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OHC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance">Importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Adena culture was named for the large mound on <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Worthington_(governor)" title="Thomas Worthington (governor)">Thomas Worthington's</a> early 19th-century estate located near <a href="/wiki/Chillicothe,_Ohio" title="Chillicothe, Ohio">Chillicothe, Ohio</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which he named "Adena". </p><p>The culture is the most prominently known of a number of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Eastern_Woodlands" title="Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands">similar cultures in eastern North America</a> that began mound building ceremonialism at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_(North_America)" title="Archaic period (North America)">Archaic period</a>. The geographic range of the Adena sites is centered on central and southern Ohio, with further sites in contiguous areas of the surrounding states of Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia and Pennsylvania. The importance of the Adena complex comes from its considerable influence on other contemporary cultures and cultures that came after it<sup id="cite_ref-cabrillo.edu_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabrillo.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Adena culture is seen as the precursor to the traditions of the <a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell tradition</a>, which are sometimes thought as an elaboration, or zenith, of Adena traditions. </p><p>The Adena were notable for their agricultural practices, pottery, artistic works, and extensive trading network, which supplied them with a variety of raw materials, ranging from copper from the Great Lakes to shells from the Gulf Coast.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_and_religion">Art and religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Art and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mounds">Mounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Mounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lasting traces of Adena culture are still seen in the remains of their substantial <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)" title="Earthworks (archaeology)">earthworks</a>. At one point, larger Adena mounds numbered in the hundreds, but only a small number of the remains of the larger Adena earthen monuments still survive today. These <a href="/wiki/Mound" title="Mound">mounds</a> generally ranged in size from 20 feet (6.1&#160;m) to 300 feet (91&#160;m) in diameter and served as burial structures, ceremonial sites, historical markers, and possibly gathering places. These earthen monuments were built using hundreds of thousands of baskets full of specially selected and graded earth. According to archaeological investigations, Adena earthworks were often built as part of their burial rituals, in which the earth of the earthwork was piled immediately atop a burned mortuary building. These mortuary buildings were intended to keep and maintain the dead until their final burial was performed. Before the construction of the earthworks, some utilitarian and grave goods would be placed on the floor of the structure, which was burned with the goods and honored dead within. The earthwork would then be constructed, and often a new mortuary structure would be placed atop the new earthwork. After a series of repetitions, mortuary/earthwork/mortuary/earthwork, a quite prominent earthwork would remain. In the later Adena period, circular ridges of unknown function were sometimes constructed around the burial earthworks.<sup id="cite_ref-cabrillo.edu_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabrillo.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prominent_mounds">Prominent mounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Prominent mounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Adena_culture_sites" title="List of Adena culture sites">List of Adena culture sites</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:98%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="18%"><b>Site</b> </th> <th width="13%"><b>Image</b> </th> <th width="69%"><b>Description</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adena_Mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Adena Mound">Adena Mound</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adena_Mound.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adena Mound (Ross County, Ohio)"><img alt="Adena Mound (Ross County, Ohio)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Adena_Mound.jpg/125px-Adena_Mound.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Adena_Mound.jpg/188px-Adena_Mound.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Adena_Mound.jpg/250px-Adena_Mound.jpg 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="559" /></a></span> </td> <td>The Adena Mound, the <a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">type site</a> for the culture, is a registered historic structure near <a href="/wiki/Chillicothe,_Ohio" title="Chillicothe, Ohio">Chillicothe, Ohio</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Biggs_site" title="Biggs site">Biggs site</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biggs_Site_at_Sunset_HRoe_2022_325px.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biggs site"><img alt="Biggs site" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Biggs_Site_at_Sunset_HRoe_2022_325px.jpg/125px-Biggs_Site_at_Sunset_HRoe_2022_325px.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Biggs_Site_at_Sunset_HRoe_2022_325px.jpg/188px-Biggs_Site_at_Sunset_HRoe_2022_325px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Biggs_Site_at_Sunset_HRoe_2022_325px.jpg/250px-Biggs_Site_at_Sunset_HRoe_2022_325px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> </td> <td>Also known as Portsmouth Group D, the site is located in next to the Ohio River in <a href="/wiki/Greenup_County,_Kentucky" title="Greenup County, Kentucky">Greenup County, Kentucky</a>. It is a concentric <a href="/wiki/Causewayed_ring_ditch" title="Causewayed ring ditch">circular embankment and ditch</a> surrounding a central conical <a href="/wiki/Burial_mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Burial mound">burial mound</a> with a causeway crossing the ring and ditch. It is connected to the <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Earthworks" title="Portsmouth Earthworks">Portsmouth Earthworks</a> directly across the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Ohio" title="Portsmouth, Ohio">Portsmouth, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Criel_Mound" title="Criel Mound">Criel Mound</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Criel_Mound.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Criel Mound"><img alt="Criel Mound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Criel_Mound.jpg/125px-Criel_Mound.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Criel_Mound.jpg/188px-Criel_Mound.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Criel_Mound.jpg/250px-Criel_Mound.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td> <td>A 35-foot (11&#160;m) high and 175-foot (53&#160;m)-diameter conical mound, it is the second largest of its type in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>. It is located in <a href="/wiki/South_Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="South Charleston, West Virginia">South Charleston, West Virginia</a>. P. W. Norris of the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> oversaw the excavation. His team discovered numerous skeletons along with weapons and jewelry.<sup id="cite_ref-mounds_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mounds-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enon_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Enon Mound (page does not exist)">Enon Mound</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enon_Mound_in_June.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Enon Mound"><img alt="Enon Mound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Enon_Mound_in_June.jpg/125px-Enon_Mound_in_June.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Enon_Mound_in_June.jpg/188px-Enon_Mound_in_June.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Enon_Mound_in_June.jpg/250px-Enon_Mound_in_June.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span> </td> <td>Ohio's second largest <a href="/wiki/Cone_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cone (geometry)">conical</a> <a href="/wiki/Burial_mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Burial mound">burial mound</a>, it is believed to have been built by the Adena. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grave_Creek_Mound" title="Grave Creek Mound">Grave Creek Mound</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grave Creek Mound"><img alt="Grave Creek Mound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg/125px-Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg/188px-Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg/250px-Grave_Creek_Mound.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="1478" /></a></span> </td> <td>At 62 feet (19&#160;m) high and 240 feet (73&#160;m) in diameter, it is one of the largest conical-type burial mounds in the United States. It is located in <a href="/wiki/Moundsville,_West_Virginia" title="Moundsville, West Virginia">Moundsville, West Virginia</a>. In 1838, much of the archaeological evidence in this mound was destroyed when several non-archaeologists tunneled into the mound.<sup id="cite_ref-mounds_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mounds-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Miamisburg,_Ohio#Miamisburg_Mound" title="Miamisburg, Ohio">Miamisburg Mound</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MoundElevation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miamisburg Mound"><img alt="Miamisburg Mound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/MoundElevation.jpg/125px-MoundElevation.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/MoundElevation.jpg/188px-MoundElevation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/MoundElevation.jpg/250px-MoundElevation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3477" data-file-height="1828" /></a></span> </td> <td>Once serving as an ancient burial site, the Miamisburg Mound is the most recognizable landmark in Miamisburg. It is the largest conical burial mound in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, and remains virtually intact. Located in a city park at 900 Mound Avenue, it is an Ohio historical site and serves as a popular attraction and picnic destination for area families. Visitors can climb to the top of the mound via stone-masonry steps. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Plains" title="Wolf Plains">Wolf Plains</a> Group </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolf_Plains_Group_Squier_and_Davis_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wolf Plains Group"><img alt="Wolf Plains Group" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Wolf_Plains_Group_Squier_and_Davis_01.jpg/125px-Wolf_Plains_Group_Squier_and_Davis_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Wolf_Plains_Group_Squier_and_Davis_01.jpg/188px-Wolf_Plains_Group_Squier_and_Davis_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Wolf_Plains_Group_Squier_and_Davis_01.jpg/250px-Wolf_Plains_Group_Squier_and_Davis_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </td> <td>A Late Adena group of 30 earthworks including 22 conical mounds and nine circular enclosures.<sup id="cite_ref-Conservancy_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conservancy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is located a few miles to the northwest of <a href="/wiki/Athens,_Ohio" title="Athens, Ohio">Athens, Ohio</a>. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stone_tablets">Stone tablets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Stone tablets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Adena also carved small stone tablets, usually 4 or 5&#160;inches by 3 or 4&#160;inches by .5&#160;inches thick. On one or both flat sides were gracefully composed stylized zoomorphs or curvilinear geometric designs in deep relief. Paint has been found on some Adena tablets, leading archaeologists to propose that these stone tablets were probably used to stamp designs on cloth or animal hides, or onto their own bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-Power_2004_29–34_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Power_2004_29–34-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is possible that they were used to outline designs for <a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattooing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timber_circles">Timber circles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Timber circles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timber_circles" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber circles">Timber circles</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Horeb_Site_1_HRoe_2022_350px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Mount_Horeb_Site_1_HRoe_2022_350px.jpg/250px-Mount_Horeb_Site_1_HRoe_2022_350px.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Mount_Horeb_Site_1_HRoe_2022_350px.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="215" /></a><figcaption>Artists conception of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb_Earthworks_Complex" title="Mount Horeb Earthworks Complex">Mt Horeb Site 1</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Postholes from a number of timber circles have been found during excavations of Adena culture <a href="/wiki/Causewayed_ring_ditch" title="Causewayed ring ditch">causewayed ring ditch</a> sites in the <a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_region" title="Bluegrass region">Bluegrass region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> and adjacent regions of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A notable example was found by archaeologist <a href="/wiki/William_S._Webb" class="mw-redirect" title="William S. Webb">William S. Webb</a> during the excavations of the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb_Earthworks_Complex" title="Mount Horeb Earthworks Complex">Mount Horeb Site 1</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Kentucky" title="Fayette County, Kentucky">Fayette County, Kentucky</a> in 1939. Webb discovered a circle of "paired-posts" inside of the embankment ring and ditch.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The 48.5 feet (14.8&#160;m) circle was made up of sixty two "paired" post sets and eight single posts.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pottery">Pottery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Pottery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike in other cultures, Adena <a href="/wiki/Native_American_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American pottery">pottery</a> was not buried with the dead or the remains of the cremated, as were other artifacts. Usually Adena pottery was <a href="/wiki/Temper_(pottery)" title="Temper (pottery)">tempered</a> with grit or crushed limestone and was very thick; its decoration was largely plain, cord-marked or fabric marked, although one type bore a nested-diamond design incised into its surface. The vessel shapes were sub-conoidal or flat-bottomed jars, sometimes with small foot-like supports.<sup id="cite_ref-Adena_Site_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adena_Site-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domestic_life">Domestic life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Domestic life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlement_patterns">Settlement patterns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Settlement patterns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The large and elaborate mound sites served a nearby scattering of people. The population was dispersed in small settlements of one to two structures. A typical house was built in a circle form from 15 to 45 feet in diameter. The walls were made of paired posts tilted outward, that were then joined to other pieces of wood to form a cone shaped roof. The roof was then covered with bark and the walls may have been bark and/or wickerwork.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_sources">Food sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Food sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Their sustenance was acquired through foraging and the cultivation of native plants. </p> <ul><li>Hunted deer, elk, black bear, woodchuck, beaver, porcupine, turkey, trumpeter swan, and ruffed grouse.</li> <li>Gathered several edible seed, grasses, and nuts.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cultivated <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (plant)">squash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflower">sunflower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenopodium" title="Chenopodium">goosefoot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polygonum_erectum" title="Polygonum erectum">erect knotweed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (January 2021)">verification needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tools">Tools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adena_SerpMd_gorget_points_HRoe_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Adena_SerpMd_gorget_points_HRoe_2009.jpg/250px-Adena_SerpMd_gorget_points_HRoe_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Adena_SerpMd_gorget_points_HRoe_2009.jpg/375px-Adena_SerpMd_gorget_points_HRoe_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Adena_SerpMd_gorget_points_HRoe_2009.jpg/500px-Adena_SerpMd_gorget_points_HRoe_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>Adena culture stone gorgets and points</figcaption></figure> <p>The Adena ground stone tools and axes. Somewhat rougher slab-like stones with chipped edges were probably used as hoes. Bone and antler were used in small tools, but even more prominently in ornamental objects such as beads, combs, and worked animal-jaw <a href="/wiki/Gorget" title="Gorget">gorgets</a> or paraphernalia. Spoons, beads and other implements were made from the marine <a href="/wiki/Conch" title="Conch">conch</a>. A few copper axes have been found, but otherwise the metal was hammered into ornamental forms, such as bracelets, rings, beads, and reel-shaped pendants.<sup id="cite_ref-Adena_Site_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adena_Site-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Copper_complex" title="Old Copper complex">Old Copper complex</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Adena-culture">"Adena culture | North American Indian culture"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&amp;rft.atitle=Adena+culture+%7C+North+American+Indian+culture&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FAdena-culture&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/American_Indians#:~:text=From%20these%20missionaries,%20historians%20know,Myaamia%20(in%20western%20Ohio).">"American Indians - Ohio History Central"</a>. <i>ohiohistorycentral.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Civilizations+Of+The+Americas%2C+The+Peoples+To+The+North&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory-world.org%2FCivilizations%2520Of%2520The%2520Americas.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~mdeal/Anth3291/notes7.htm">"Early Woodland: Northeastern Middlesex Tradition"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Early+Woodland%3A+Northeastern+Middlesex+Tradition&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucs.mun.ca%2F~mdeal%2FAnth3291%2Fnotes7.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wvculture.org/sites/gravecreek.html">"Grave Creek Mound Archaeological Complex"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Grave+Creek+Mound+Archaeological+Complex&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wvculture.org%2Fsites%2Fgravecreek.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2222">"Portsmouth Earthworks-Ohio Central History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Portsmouth+Earthworks-Ohio+Central+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohiohistorycentral.org%2Fentry.php%3Frec%3D2222&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1996" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, R. Barry (1996). <i>Kentucky Archaeology</i>. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-1907-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-1907-6"><bdi>978-0-8131-1907-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Kentucky+Archaeology&amp;rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8131-1907-6&amp;rft.aulast=Lewis&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+Barry&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mounds-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mounds_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mounds_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080623005836/http://www.wvculture.org/history/mounds.html">"Mounds and Mound Builders"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wvculture.org/history/mounds.html">the original</a> on 2008-06-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mounds+and+Mound+Builders&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wvculture.org%2Fhistory%2Fmounds.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHemmings1984" class="citation journal cs1">Hemmings, E. Thomas (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wvarch.org/product/1984-volume-362-pdf-only/">"Investigations at Grave Creek Mound 1975-1967: A Sequence for Mound and Moat Construction"</a>. <i>West Virginia Archeologist</i>. <b>362</b>: 3–49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=West+Virginia+Archeologist&amp;rft.atitle=Investigations+at+Grave+Creek+Mound+1975-1967%3A+A+Sequence+for+Mound+and+Moat+Construction&amp;rft.volume=362&amp;rft.pages=3-49&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.aulast=Hemmings&amp;rft.aufirst=E.+Thomas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wvarch.org%2Fproduct%2F1984-volume-362-pdf-only%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conservancy-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Conservancy_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707133202/http://www.americanarchaeology.com/Annual%20Report%202008.pdf">"The Archaeological Conservancy-2008 Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanarchaeology.com/Annual%20Report%202008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Archaeological+Conservancy-2008+Annual+Report&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanarchaeology.com%2FAnnual%2520Report%25202008.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Power_2004_29–34-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Power_2004_29–34_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPower2004" class="citation book cs1">Power, Susan (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlyartofsouthe0000powe"><i>Early Art of the Southeastern Indians-Feathered Serpents and Winged Beings</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_Press" title="University of Georgia Press">University of Georgia Press</a>. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlyartofsouthe0000powe/page/29">29–34</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-2501-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-2501-9"><bdi>978-0-8203-2501-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Early+Art+of+the+Southeastern+Indians-Feathered+Serpents+and+Winged+Beings&amp;rft.pages=29-34&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8203-2501-9&amp;rft.aulast=Power&amp;rft.aufirst=Susan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlyartofsouthe0000powe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410052943/http://ohsweb.ohiohistory.org/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=501">"Virtual First Ohioans"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ohsweb.ohiohistory.org/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=501">the original</a> on 2017-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Virtual+First+Ohioans&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fohsweb.ohiohistory.org%2Fgallery2%2Fmain.php%3Fg2_itemId%3D501&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurtill,_Matthew_P.Norr,_Jeremy_A.Frodge,_Jonathan_B.2014" class="citation journal cs1">Purtill, Matthew P.; Norr, Jeremy A.; Frodge, Jonathan B. 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University of Virginia Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Society+of+Architectural+Historians+%3A+Mount+Horeb+Earthwork&amp;rft.btitle=SAH+Archipedia&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Press&amp;rft.date=2018-07-17&amp;rft.aulast=Carbone&amp;rft.aufirst=Cristina&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsah-archipedia.org%2Fbuildings%2FKY-01-067-0057&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSizemore2008" class="citation web cs1">Sizemore, Judy (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heritage.ky.gov/Documents/Adena%20People%20Teacher%20Companion%20Guide%202008.pdf">"Mt Horeb&#160;: Adena People Teacher Companion Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NA+Archaeology+%3A+Adena&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larryjzimmerman.com%2Fnaarch%2Fadena.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker1983" class="citation book cs1">Whitaker, Alex (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/americamoundbuilders.htm"><i>The Mound Builders</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Mound+Builders.&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.aulast=Whitaker&amp;rft.aufirst=Alex&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancient-wisdom.com%2Famericamoundbuilders.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">&#124;website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueller2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mueller, Natalie G. (2018-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jaa.2017.12.001">"The earliest occurrence of a newly described domesticate in Eastern North America: Adena/Hopewell communities and agricultural innovation"</a>. <i>Journal of Anthropological Archaeology</i>. <b>49</b>: 39–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jaa.2017.12.001">10.1016/j.jaa.2017.12.001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0278-4165">0278-4165</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anthropological+Archaeology&amp;rft.atitle=The+earliest+occurrence+of+a+newly+described+domesticate+in+Eastern+North+America%3A+Adena%2FHopewell+communities+and+agricultural+innovation&amp;rft.volume=49&amp;rft.pages=39-50&amp;rft.date=2018-03-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jaa.2017.12.001&amp;rft.issn=0278-4165&amp;rft.aulast=Mueller&amp;rft.aufirst=Natalie+G.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.jaa.2017.12.001&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdena+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adena_culture&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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webpage on the Adena</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/adena.html">Introduction to North America's Native People: Adena people</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jqjacobs.net/archaeo/">Ancient Earthworks of Eastern North America</a> Photo Galleries</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="25x25px_Adena_Culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#D1E366;;color:#010101;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adena_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adena culture"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#010101">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25x25px_Adena_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Icon_mound_cone_HRoe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Icon_mound_cone_HRoe.png/25px-Icon_mound_cone_HRoe.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Icon_mound_cone_HRoe.png 1.5x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="25" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adena Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#D1E366;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Adena_culture_sites" title="List of Adena culture sites">List of Adena culture sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_period" title="Woodland period">Woodland period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)" title="List of archaeological periods (North America)">List of archaeological periods (North America)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D1E366;;width:1%;background:#F0F58E; vertical-align:top;">Ohio sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adena_Mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Adena Mound">Adena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Brown_Mound" title="Austin Brown Mound">Austin Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arledge_Mounds_I_and_II" title="Arledge Mounds I and II">Arledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_Farm_Woodland_Archaeological_District" title="Beam Farm Woodland Archaeological District">Beam Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.C._Clemmons_Mound" class="mw-redirect" title="W.C. Clemmons Mound">Clemmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Mound_Archeological_Site" title="Conrad Mound Archeological Site">Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coon_Hunters_Mound" title="Coon Hunters Mound">Coon Hunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Deffenbaugh_Mound" title="George Deffenbaugh Mound">George Deffenbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enon_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Enon Mound (page does not exist)">Enon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortner_Mounds" title="Fortner Mounds">Fortner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mound_(Middletown,_Ohio)" title="Great Mound (Middletown, Ohio)">Great Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartley_Mound" title="Hartley Mound">Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highbanks_Metropolitan_Park_Mounds_I_and_II" title="Highbanks Metropolitan Park Mounds I and II">Highbanks Metro Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillside_Haven_Mound" title="Hillside Haven Mound">Hillside Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodgen%27s_Cemetery_Mound" title="Hodgen&#39;s Cemetery Mound">Hodgen's Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_Mound" title="Horn Mound">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurley_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hurley Mound (page does not exist)">Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Mound" title="Jackson Mound">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karshner_Mound" title="Karshner Mound">Karshner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinzer_Mound" title="Kinzer Mound">Kinzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luthor_List_Mound" title="Luthor List Mound">Luthor List</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=McDaniel_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="McDaniel Mound (page does not exist)">McDaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miamisburg_Mound" title="Miamisburg Mound">Miamisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Cemetery_Mound_(Chester,_Ohio)" title="Mound Cemetery Mound (Chester, Ohio)">Mound Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Fellows%27_Cemetery_Mound" title="Odd Fellows&#39; Cemetery Mound">Odd Fellows' Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Maid%27s_Orchard_Mound" title="Old Maid&#39;s Orchard Mound">Old Maid's Orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orators_Mound" title="Orators Mound">Orators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Potter_Mound" title="Carl Potter Mound">Carl Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Mound" title="Raleigh Mound">Raleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reeves_Mound_(Alfred,_Ohio)" title="Reeves Mound (Alfred, Ohio)">Reeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.S._Rose_Mound" title="D.S. Rose Mound">D.S. Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Trails_Adena_Circle" title="Ross Trails Adena Circle">Ross Trails Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Woods_Park_Mound" title="Short Woods Park Mound">Short Woods Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrum_Mound" title="Shrum Mound">Shrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snead_Mound" title="Snead Mound">Snead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_Run_Earthworks" title="Spruce Run Earthworks">Spruce Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stitt_Mound" title="David Stitt Mound">David Stitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_Mound_(Cincinnati,_Ohio)" title="Story Mound (Cincinnati, Ohio)">Story (Cincinnati)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Story_Mound_State_Memorial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Story Mound State Memorial (page does not exist)">Story (Chillicothe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Mound_Reserve" title="Indian Mound Reserve">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Plains" title="Wolf Plains">Wolf Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_Air_Force_Base_Mound" title="Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Mound">Wright-Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaleski_Mound_Group" title="Zaleski Mound Group">Zaleski</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg/250px-Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg/375px-Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg/500px-Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D1E366;;width:1%;background:#F0F58E; vertical-align:top;">Kentucky sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biggs_site" title="Biggs site">Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaitskill_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaitskill Mound (page does not exist)">Gaitskill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_King_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim King Mound (page does not exist)">Jim King Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Hill_Archaeological_Site" title="Mound Hill Archaeological Site">Mound Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb_Earthworks_Complex" title="Mount Horeb Earthworks Complex">Mount Horeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramey_Mound" title="Ramey Mound">Ramey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Round_Hill_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Round Hill Mound (page does not exist)">Round Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D1E366;;width:1%;background:#F0F58E; vertical-align:top;">West Virginia sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camden_Park_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Camden Park Mound (page does not exist)">Camden Park Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cotiga_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cotiga Mound (page does not exist)">Cotiga Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cresap_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cresap Mound (page does not exist)">Cresap Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criel_Mound" title="Criel Mound">Criel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goff_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Goff Mound (page does not exist)">Goff Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_Creek_Mound" title="Grave Creek Mound">Grave Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynden_Reynolds_Farm_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynden Reynolds Farm Mound (page does not exist)">Lynden Reynolds Farm Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neibert_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Neibert Mound (page does not exist)">Neibert Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Albans_Site" title="St. Albans Site">St. Albans Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Mary%27s_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="St Mary&#39;s Mound (page does not exist)">St Mary's Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Creek_Mound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkey Creek Mound (page does not exist)">Turkey Creek Mound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D1E366;;width:1%;background:#F0F58E; vertical-align:top;">Indiana sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mounds_State_Park" title="Mounds State Park">Mounds State Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#D1E366;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Adena_culture" title="Category:Adena culture">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&amp;#124;_&amp;#124;alt=Ohio&amp;#124;link=Ohio_Native_Americans_in_Ohio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_Americans_in_Ohio" title="Template:Native Americans in Ohio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Native_Americans_in_Ohio" title="Template talk:Native Americans in Ohio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Native_Americans_in_Ohio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Native Americans in Ohio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&amp;#124;_&amp;#124;alt=Ohio&amp;#124;link=Ohio_Native_Americans_in_Ohio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio"><img alt="Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/25px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/38px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/50px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></span> Native Americans in Ohio</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Ohio" title="Prehistory of Ohio">Prehistory of Ohio</a> – <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ohio" title="History of Ohio">History of Ohio</a> – <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a> – <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans in the United States</a> – <a href="/wiki/History_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="History of Native Americans in the United States">History of Native Americans in the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Historic tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalahgawtha" title="Chalahgawtha">Chalahgawtha</a> (Shawnee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Delaware people">Delaware</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_people" title="Erie people">Erie people</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honniasont" title="Honniasont">Honniasont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Huron people">Huron</a> (Wyandot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_people" title="Miami people">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingo" title="Mingo">Mingo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iroquoian_languages" title="Iroquoian languages">Iroquoian</a> speaking)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosopelea" title="Mosopelea">Mosopelea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siouan_languages" title="Siouan languages">Siouan</a> speaking)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekowi" title="Pekowi">Pekowi</a> (Shawnee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piankeshaw" title="Piankeshaw">Piankeshaw</a> (Miami)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_people" title="Wyandot people">Wyandot</a></li> <li><i>See also</i> <a href="/wiki/Western_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Confederacy">Western Confederacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Former reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanchard%27s_Fork_Reserve,_Ohio" title="Blanchard&#39;s Fork Reserve, Ohio">Blanchard's Fork Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Indian_Grants" title="Moravian Indian Grants">Moravian Indian Grants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawash-Kinjoano_Reservation" title="Nawash-Kinjoano Reservation">Nawash-Kinjoano Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Mile_Square_Reservation" title="Two Mile Square Reservation">Two Mile Square Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sandusky_Reservation" title="Upper Sandusky Reservation">Upper Sandusky Reservation</a></li> <li><i>See also</i> <a href="/wiki/Indian_removals_in_Ohio" title="Indian removals in Ohio">Indian removals in Ohio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Jacket" title="Blue Jacket">Blue Jacket</a> (Shawnee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckongahelas" title="Buckongahelas">Buckongahelas</a> (Lenape)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornstalk_(Shawnee_leader)" title="Cornstalk (Shawnee leader)">Cornstalk</a> (Shawnee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egushawa" title="Egushawa">Egushawa</a> (Odawa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Joseph Brant</a> (Mohawk)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakowatcheky" title="Kakowatcheky">Kakowatcheky</a> (Shawnee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Turtle" title="Little Turtle">Little Turtle</a> (Miami)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhead_(Wyandot)" title="Roundhead (Wyandot)">Roundhead</a> (Wyandot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a> (Shawnee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenskwatawa" title="Tenskwatawa">Tenskwatawa</a> (Shawnee)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hell_Town,_Ohio" title="Hell Town, Ohio">Hell Town, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_settlements" title="Lenape settlements">Lenape settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Shawneetown" title="Lower Shawneetown">Lower Shawneetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskingum_(village)" title="Muskingum (village)">Muskingum (village)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickawillany" title="Pickawillany">Pickawillany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistoric cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adena</a> (Early Woodland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient</a> (Late Prehistoric)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_Kame_culture" title="Glacial Kame culture">Glacial Kame culture</a> (Archaic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell</a> (Middle Woodland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Eastern_Woodlands" title="Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands">Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monongahela_culture" title="Monongahela culture">Monongahela culture</a> (Late Woodland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittlesey_culture" title="Whittlesey culture">Whittlesey culture</a> (Late Prehistoric)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistoric communities or sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Ohio" title="Category:Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio">Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Ohio" title="Category:Archaeological sites in Ohio">Archaeological sites in Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mounds_in_Ohio" title="Category:Mounds in Ohio">Mounds in Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Petroglyphs_in_Ohio" title="Category:Petroglyphs in Ohio">Petroglyphs in Ohio‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Site" title="Tower Site">Tower Site</a></li> <li><i>See also</i> <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Road" title="Wilderness Road">Wilderness Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Birdstone</a> (sculpture)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mounds_in_Ohio" title="Category:Mounds in Ohio">Mounds in Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Petroglyphs_in_Ohio" title="Category:Petroglyphs in Ohio">Petroglyphs in Ohio‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(mythology)" title="Thunderbird (mythology)">Thunderbird (mythology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_panther" title="Underwater panther">Underwater panther</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flint_Ridge_State_Memorial" title="Flint Ridge State Memorial">Flint Ridge State Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient_(Lebanon,_Ohio)" title="Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)">Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hill_State_Memorial" title="Fort Hill State Memorial">Fort Hill State Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Recovery" title="Fort Recovery">Fort Recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Hopewell Culture National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson-Humrickhouse_Museum" title="Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum">Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Indian_Ridge_Museum" title="New Indian Ridge Museum">New Indian Ridge Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee_Woodland_Native_American_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Shawnee Woodland Native American Museum">Shawnee Woodland Native American Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunWatch_Indian_Village" title="SunWatch Indian Village">SunWatch Indian Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zane_Shawnee_Caverns" title="Zane Shawnee Caverns">Zane Shawnee Caverns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a> (1609-1701)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanfan_Treaty" title="Nanfan Treaty">Nanfan Treaty</a> (1701, 1726)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Pickawillany" class="mw-redirect" title="Raid on Pickawillany">Raid on Pickawillany</a> (1752)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_War" title="Pontiac&#39;s War">Pontiac's War</a> (1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Dunmore%27s_War" title="Lord Dunmore&#39;s War">Lord Dunmore's War</a> (1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Creek_massacre" title="Yellow Creek massacre">Yellow Creek massacre</a> (1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Camp_Charlotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Camp Charlotte">Treaty of Camp Charlotte</a> (1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Indian_War" title="Northwest Indian War">Northwest Indian War</a> (1785–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair%27s_defeat" title="St. Clair&#39;s defeat">St. Clair's defeat</a> (1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Recovery" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Fort Recovery">Siege of Fort Recovery</a> (1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fallen_Timbers" title="Battle of Fallen Timbers">Battle of Fallen Timbers</a> (1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Greenville" title="Treaty of Greenville">Treaty of Greenville</a> (1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Grouseland" title="Treaty of Grouseland">Treaty of Grouseland</a> (1805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Detroit" title="Treaty of Detroit">Treaty of Detroit</a> (1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brownstown" title="Treaty of Brownstown">Treaty of Brownstown</a> (1808)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Meigs" title="Treaty of Fort Meigs">Treaty of Fort Meigs</a> (1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Mary%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of St. Mary&#39;s">Treaty of St. Mary's</a> (1818)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_place_names_of_Native_American_origin_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of place names of Native American origin in Ohio">Native American place names in Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_removals_in_Ohio" title="Indian removals in Ohio">Indian removals in Ohio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pre-Columbian_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Template:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Template talk:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-Columbian_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era#North_America" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)" title="List of archaeological periods (North America)">Periods</a></i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lithic_stage" title="Lithic stage">Lithic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_(North_America)" title="Archaic period (North America)">Archaic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Formative</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classic_stage" title="Classic stage">Classic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Post-Classic_stage" title="Post-Classic stage">Post-Classic</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br /> cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alachua_culture" title="Alachua culture">Alachua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Beringian" title="Ancient Beringian">Ancient Beringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avonlea_culture" title="Avonlea culture">Avonlea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baytown_culture" title="Baytown culture">Baytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Glade_culture" title="Belle Glade culture">Belle Glade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttermilk_Creek_complex" title="Buttermilk Creek complex">Buttermilk Creek complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caborn-Welborn_culture" title="Caborn-Welborn culture">Caborn-Welborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cades_Pond_culture" title="Cades Pond culture">Cades Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_Creek_culture" title="Calf Creek culture">Calf Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caloosahatchee_culture" title="Caloosahatchee culture">Caloosahatchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Creek_culture" title="Coles Creek culture">Coles Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comond%C3%BA_complex" title="Comondú complex">Comondú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deptford_culture" title="Deptford culture">Deptford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_tradition" title="Folsom tradition">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Walton_culture" title="Fort Walton culture">Fort Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_culture" title="Fremont culture">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_Kame_culture" title="Glacial Kame culture">Glacial Kame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glades_culture" title="Glades culture">Glades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hopewell_sites" title="List of Hopewell sites">List of Hopewell sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_complex" title="La Jolla complex">La Jolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_complex" title="Las Palmas complex">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Archaic" title="Maritime Archaic">Maritime Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippian_sites" title="List of Mississippian sites">List of Mississippian sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monongahela_culture" title="Monongahela culture">Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cordilleran_culture" title="Old Cordilleran culture">Old Cordilleran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneota" title="Oneota">Oneota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Arctic_tradition" title="Paleo-Arctic tradition">Paleo-Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_cultures" title="Plano cultures">Plano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine_culture" title="Plaquemine culture">Plaquemine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ocher_people" title="Red Ocher people">Red Ocher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_Harbor_culture" title="Safety Harbor culture">Safety Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa-Swift_Creek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture">Santa Rosa-Swift Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_culture" title="St. Johns culture">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steed-Kisker_culture" title="Steed-Kisker culture">Steed-Kisker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwannee_Valley_culture" title="Suwannee Valley culture">Suwannee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchefuncte_site#Tchefuncte_culture" title="Tchefuncte site">Tchefuncte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyville_culture" title="Troyville culture">Troyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Mounds" title="Angel Mounds">Angel Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzick_site" title="Anzick site">Anzick site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandelier_National_Monument" title="Bandelier National Monument">Bandelier National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastian_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastian Site">Bastian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_Archeological_Site_(13WD50)" title="Benson Archeological Site (13WD50)">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Spring_Heritage_Center" title="Blue Spring Heritage Center">Blue Spring Shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefish_Caves" title="Bluefish Caves">Bluefish Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bluff_Point_Stoneworks" title="The Bluff Point Stoneworks">The Bluff Point Stoneworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewster Site">Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candelaria_Cave" title="Candelaria Cave">Candelaria Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Grande_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Casa Grande Ruins National Monument">Casa Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coso_Rock_Art_District" title="Coso Rock Art District">Coso Rock Art District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_River_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Crystal River Archaeological State Park">Crystal River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarenta_Casas" title="Cuarenta Casas">Cuarenta Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_la_Olla_(archaeological_site)" title="Cueva de la Olla (archaeological site)">Cueva de la Olla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutler_Fossil_Site" title="Cutler Fossil Site">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaker_site" title="Eaker site">Eaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Fin_del_Mundo" title="El Fin del Mundo">El Fin del Mundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Vallecito" title="El Vallecito">El Vallecito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_Mounds_National_Monument" title="Effigy Mounds National Monument">Effigy Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etowah_Indian_Mounds" title="Etowah Indian Mounds">Etowah Indian Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Site">Eva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_site" title="Folsom site">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient_(Lebanon,_Ohio)" title="Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Center" title="Fort Center">Fort Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Juelson" title="Fort Juelson">Fort Juelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mounds_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Mounds Site">Four Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Archeological_District" title="Glenwood Archeological District">Glenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimes_Point" title="Grimes Point">Grimes Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Blazes_archaeological_site" title="Helen Blazes archaeological site">Helen Blazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Bluff_site" title="Holly Bluff site">Holly Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Hopewell Culture National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horr%27s_Island" title="Horr&#39;s Island">Horr's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%C3%A1poca" title="Huápoca">Huápoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Marco" title="Key Marco">Key Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_Village" title="Kimball Village">Kimball Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site" title="Kincaid Mounds State Historic Site">Kincaid Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolomoki_Mounds" title="Kolomoki Mounds">Kolomoki Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Jackson_Mounds_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park">Lake Jackson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehner_Mammoth-Kill_Site" title="Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site">Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Anse_aux_Meadows" title="L&#39;Anse aux Meadows">L'Anse aux Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynch_Quarry_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynch Quarry Site">Lynch Quarry Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marksville_culture" title="Marksville culture">Marksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmes_Rockshelter" title="Marmes Rockshelter">Marmes Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter" title="Meadowcroft Rockshelter">Meadowcroft Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park">Mesa Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaning_Cavern" title="Moaning Cavern">Moaning Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorehead_Circle" title="Moorehead Circle">Moorehead Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Mounds" title="Morrison Mounds">Morrison Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moundville_Archaeological_Site" title="Moundville Archaeological Site">Moundville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_Cave" title="Mummy Cave">Mummy Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodena_site" title="Nodena site">Nodena site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocmulgee_Mounds_National_Historical_Park" title="Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park">Ocmulgee Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_Fort_(Tennessee)" title="Old Stone Fort (Tennessee)">Old Stone Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orwell_Site_(Fergus_Falls,_Minnesota)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orwell Site (Fergus Falls, Minnesota)">Orwell site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casas_Grandes" title="Casas Grandes">Paquime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_Bluff" title="Painted Bluff">Painted Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkin_Archeological_State_Park" title="Parkin Archeological State Park">Parkin Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinson_Mounds" title="Pinson Mounds">Pinson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Bayou_Mounds_Archeological_State_Park" title="Plum Bayou Mounds Archeological State Park">Plum Bayou Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Earthworks" title="Portsmouth Earthworks">Portsmouth Earthworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point" title="Poverty Point">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Bonito" title="Pueblo Bonito">Pueblo Bonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassawek" title="Rassawek">Rassawek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_Canyon" title="Recapture Canyon">Recapture Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Styx_archaeological_site" title="River Styx archaeological site">River Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Island_complex" title="Roberts Island complex">Roberts Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Eagle" title="Rock Eagle">Rock Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Hawk" title="Rock Hawk">Rock Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstock_Village_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosenstock Village Site">Rosenstock Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Cave_National_Monument" title="Russell Cave National Monument">Russell Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_Ruins" title="Salmon Ruins">Salmon Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_Mound" title="Serpent Mound">Serpent Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Paintings_of_Sierra_de_San_Francisco" title="Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco">Sierra de San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shell_ring_sites" title="List of shell ring sites">Shell ring sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Mounds" title="Spiro Mounds">Spiro Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stallings_Island" title="Stallings Island">Stallings Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunWatch_Indian_Village" title="SunWatch Indian Village">SunWatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Taos Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Creek_Indian_Mound" title="Town Creek Indian Mound">Town Creek Indian Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_River_Mounds_State_Preserve" title="Turkey River Mounds State Preserve">Turkey River Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upward_Sun_River_site" title="Upward Sun River site">Upward Sun River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velda_Mound" title="Velda Mound">Velda Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Oak_Forest_Earthlodge_Site" title="West Oak Forest Earthlodge Site">West Oak Forest Earthlodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickiup_Hill" title="Wickiup Hill">Wickiup Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windover_Archeological_Site" title="Windover Archeological Site">Windover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterville_site" title="Winterville site">Winterville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wupatki_National_Monument" title="Wupatki National Monument">Wupatki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Human<br />remains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anzick-1" title="Anzick-1">Anzick-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Springs_Man" title="Arlington Springs Man">Arlington Springs Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhl_Woman" title="Buhl Woman">Buhl Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennewick_Man" title="Kennewick Man">Kennewick Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Brea_Woman" title="La Brea Woman">La Brea Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leanderthal_Lady" title="Leanderthal Lady">Leanderthal Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Bone_Bed#Melbourne_Man" title="Melbourne Bone Bed">Melbourne Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Woman" title="Minnesota Woman">Minnesota Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1on_woman" title="Peñon woman">Peñon woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Cave_mummy" title="Spirit Cave mummy">Spirit Cave mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vero_man" title="Vero man">Vero man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Black drink">Black drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_pipe" title="Ceremonial pipe">Ceremonial pipe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanunpa" title="Chanunpa">Chanunpa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunkey" title="Chunkey">Chunkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_Revolution_(pottery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container Revolution (pottery)">Container Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">Eastern Agricultural Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_mound" title="Effigy mound">Effigy mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex#Birdman" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Falcon dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Ceremony" title="Green Corn Ceremony">Green Corn Ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_Serpent" title="Horned Serpent">Horned Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_wheel" title="Medicine wheel">Medicine wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre-Columbian_America#North_America" title="Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi&#39;kmaq hieroglyphic writing">Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">N.A.G.P.R.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piasa" title="Piasa">Piasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Southeastern Ceremonial Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(mythology)" title="Thunderbird (mythology)">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Transoceanic contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_panther" title="Underwater panther">Underwater panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_glyphs" title="Water glyphs">Water glyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt>Related</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetic history</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐mkm6r Cached time: 20241122141520 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.587 seconds Real time usage: 0.760 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2666/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 116934/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3609/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 111854/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.339/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 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