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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_paper_on_black_holes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_paper_on_black_holes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>2012 paper on black holes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_paper_on_black_holes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%84%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="جوزف پلچینسکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جوزف پلچینسکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="জোসেফ পোলচিনস্কি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোসেফ পোলচিনস্কি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski" title="Joseph Polchinski – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Joseph Polchinski" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski" title="Joseph Polchinski – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joseph Polchinski" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski" title="Joseph Polchinski – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Joseph Polchinski" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%84%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="جوزف پلچینسکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوزف پلچینسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski" title="Joseph Polchinski – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joseph Polchinski" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%ED%94%84_%ED%8F%B4%EC%B9%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4" title="조지프 폴친스키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지프 폴친스키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski" title="Joseph Polchinski – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Joseph Polchinski" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A3_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99" title="ג'וזף פולצ'ינסקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'וזף פולצ'ינסקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="چوزيف پولكينسكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چوزيف پولكينسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Polchinski" title="Joe Polchinski – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joe Polchinski" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%82%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="ジョセフ・ポルチンスキー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョセフ・ポルチンスキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski" title="Joseph Polchinski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Joseph Polchinski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski" title="Joseph Polchinski – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joseph Polchinski" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Полчински, Джозеф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полчински, Джозеф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski" title="Joseph Polchinski – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Joseph Polchinski" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski" title="Joseph Polchinski – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Joseph Polchinski" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Джозеф Полчинскі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джозеф Полчинскі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E9%92%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="约瑟夫·波尔钦斯基 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约瑟夫·波尔钦斯基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1156878#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American theoretical physicist and string theorist (1954–2018)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Joseph Polchinski</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Polchinski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Joseph_Polchinski.jpg/220px-Joseph_Polchinski.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Joseph_Polchinski.jpg/330px-Joseph_Polchinski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Joseph_Polchinski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Polchinski in 2004</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1954-05-16</span>)</span>May 16, 1954<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/White_Plains,_New_York" title="White Plains, New York">White Plains, New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 2, 2018<span style="display:none">(2018-02-02)</span> (aged 63)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/B._S." class="mw-redirect" title="B. S.">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renormalization_group#Exact_renormalization_group_equations" title="Renormalization group">Polchinski equation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Polchinski%27s_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Polchinski's paradox">Polchinski's paradox</a><br /><a href="/wiki/D-branes" class="mw-redirect" title="D-branes">D-branes</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Firewall_(physics)" title="Firewall (physics)">Black hole firewall</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Everett_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Everett phone">Everett phone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dannie_Heineman_Prize_for_Mathematical_Physics" title="Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics">Dannie Heineman Prize</a> (2007)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dirac_Medal_(ICTP)" title="Dirac Medal (ICTP)">Dirac Medal</a> (2008)<br /><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Prize_in_Fundamental_Physics" title="Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics">Breakthrough Prize</a> (2017)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">Theoretical physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.library.berkeley.edu/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991049444299706532&context=L&vid=01UCS_BER:UCB&lang=en&search_scope=DN_and_CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Default_UCLibrarySearch&query=any,contains,Vortex%20operators%20in%20gauge%20field%20theories&offset=0">Vortex Operators in gauge field theories</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1980)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Mandelstam" title="Stanley Mandelstam">Stanley Mandelstam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Leigh_(physicist)" title="Robert Leigh (physicist)">Robert Leigh</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iosif_Bena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iosif Bena (page does not exist)">Iosif Bena</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Gra%C3%B1a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariana Graña (page does not exist)">Mariana Graña</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Joseph Gerard Polchinski Jr.</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>; May 16, 1954 – February 2, 2018) was an American <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoretical physicist">theoretical physicist</a> and <a href="/wiki/String_theory" title="String theory">string theorist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polchinski was born in White Plains, New York, the elder of two children to Joseph Gerard Polchinski Sr. (1929–2002),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a financial consultant and manager, and Joan (née Thornton), an office worker and homemaker.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polchinski was primarily of Irish descent with his paternal grandfather being Polish.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Polchinski graduated from <a href="/wiki/Canyon_del_Oro_High_School" title="Canyon del Oro High School">Canyon del Oro High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>, in 1971. He obtained his B.S. degree from <a href="/wiki/Caltech" class="mw-redirect" title="Caltech">Caltech</a> in 1975, and his Ph.D. from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, in 1980 under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Mandelstam" title="Stanley Mandelstam">Stanley Mandelstam</a>. He did not publish any papers as a graduate student. After postdoctoral positions at <a href="/wiki/SLAC" class="mw-redirect" title="SLAC">SLAC</a> (1980–82) and Harvard (1982–84) he was a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> from 1984 to 1992. From 1992 to March 2017 he was a professor in the Physics Department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a> and a permanent member of the <a href="/wiki/Kavli_Institute_for_Theoretical_Physics" title="Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics">Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics</a> there.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions">Contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polchinski wrote the two-volume textbook <i>String Theory</i>, published in 1998. Among his many contributions to <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">theoretical physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/D-branes" class="mw-redirect" title="D-branes">D-branes</a> are the best known. In 2008 he won the <a href="/wiki/Dirac_Medal_(ICTP)" title="Dirac Medal (ICTP)">Dirac Medal</a> for his work in <a href="/wiki/Superstring_theory" title="Superstring theory">superstring theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Prize_in_Fundamental_Physics" title="Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics">Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics</a> in recognition of his contributions to theoretical physics.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D-branes">D-branes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: D-branes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polchinski's contributions to <a href="/wiki/D-brane" title="D-brane">D-brane</a> physics were a primary trigger of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_superstring_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd superstring revolution">2nd superstring revolution</a> and the physics of holographic gauge-gravity dualities. After co-discovering D-branes in 1989, his 1995 work conjectured and partially demonstrated the equivalence between D-branes and black p-branes. The duality between these objects was soon understood to be a demonstration of holography, in which a theory of quantum gravity (the black p-branes) is equivalent to a lower-dimensional theory without gravity (the D-branes), as later demonstrated in Maldacena's <a href="/wiki/AdS/CFT_duality" class="mw-redirect" title="AdS/CFT duality">AdS/CFT duality</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polchinski's_paradox"><span id="Polchinski.27s_paradox"></span>Polchinski's paradox</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Polchinski's paradox"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an unpublished communication to <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> circa 1990, commenting on the <a href="/wiki/Novikov_self-consistency_principle" title="Novikov self-consistency principle">Novikov self-consistency principle</a> (in relation to sending objects or people through a <a href="/wiki/Wormhole#Traversable_wormholes" title="Wormhole">traversable wormhole</a> into the past, and the <a href="/wiki/Time_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Time paradox">time paradoxes</a> that could result), Polchinski raised a potentially paradoxical situation involving a <a href="/wiki/Billiard_ball" title="Billiard ball">billiard ball</a> sent through a wormhole which sends it back in time. In this scenario, the ball is fired into a <a href="/wiki/Wormhole" title="Wormhole">wormhole</a> at an angle such that, if it continues along that path, it will exit the wormhole in the past at just the right angle to collide with its earlier self, thereby knocking it off course and preventing it from entering the wormhole in the first place. Thorne dubbed this problem "<b>Polchinski's paradox</b>" in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorne_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorne-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later students of the whimsical problem came up with solutions which managed to avoid any inconsistencies, by having the ball emerge from the future at a different angle than the one used to generate the paradox, and deliver its younger self a glancing blow instead of knocking it completely away from the wormhole, a blow which changes its trajectory in just the right way so that it will travel back in time with the angle required to deliver its younger self this glancing blow. (It is also possible that the ball that exits the wormhole knocks its past self off course from the worm hole completely. Even with the original ball being knocked off course the future ball would still be there and could bounce off the original ball and enter the wormhole again closing the paradox. The ball that entered the wormhole will always enter the wormhole creating an infinite loop.) <sup id="cite_ref-Thorne_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorne-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_paper_on_black_holes">2012 paper on black holes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2012 paper on black holes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Firewall_(physics)" title="Firewall (physics)">Firewall (physics)</a></div> <p>In July 2012, Polchinski, with two of his students, James Sully and Ahmed Almheiri, and fellow string theorist <a href="/wiki/Donald_Marolf" title="Donald Marolf">Donald Marolf</a> at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), published a paper<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose calculations about <a href="/wiki/Hawking_radiation" title="Hawking radiation">black hole radiation</a> suggested that either <a href="/wiki/General_relativity" title="General relativity">general relativity</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Equivalence_principle" title="Equivalence principle">equivalence principle</a> is wrong, or else a key tenet of quantum mechanics is incorrect.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polchinski was the subject of a running gag on an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory" title="The Big Bang Theory">The Big Bang Theory</a></i>. In the episode "<a href="/wiki/The_Paintball_Scattering" class="mw-redirect" title="The Paintball Scattering">The Paintball Scattering</a>", Sheldon would choke up and be unable to respond every time anybody asked if the paper on super-symmetry, which he had recently published with his wife, Amy, was derivative of the work of Polchinski. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polchinski had two sons, Steven and Daniel, with his wife, Dorothy Maria Chun, whom he married in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died at his home in Santa Barbara, California on February 2, 2018, of <a href="/wiki/Brain_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain cancer">brain cancer</a>, at the age of 63.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPolchinski1998a" class="citation cs2">Polchinski, Joseph (1998a), <i>String Theory Vol. I: An Introduction to the Bosonic String</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-63303-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-63303-6"><bdi>0-521-63303-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=String+Theory+Vol.+I%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Bosonic+String&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-63303-6&rft.aulast=Polchinski&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolchinski1998b" class="citation cs2">Polchinski, Joseph (1998b), <i>String Theory Vol. II: Superstring Theory and Beyond</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-63304-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-63304-4"><bdi>0-521-63304-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=String+Theory+Vol.+II%3A+Superstring+Theory+and+Beyond&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-63304-4&rft.aulast=Polchinski&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolchinski2017" class="citation arxiv cs2">Polchinski, Joseph (2017), "Memories of a Theoretical Physicist", <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.09093">1708.09093</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/physics.hist-ph">physics.hist-ph</a>]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=Memories+of+a+Theoretical+Physicist&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1708.09093&rft.aulast=Polchinski&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span>. Autobiographical memoir.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polchinski, J. (1995). "Dirichlet branes and Ramond-Ramond charges." <i>Physical Review D</i>, <b>50</b>(10), R6041–R6045.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11608013.html">"JOSEPH GERARD POLCHINSKI"</a>. Physics History Network.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JOSEPH+GERARD+POLCHINSKI&rft.pub=Physics+History+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11608013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang2018" class="citation web cs1">Yang, Henry T. (2 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chancellor.ucsb.edu/memos/?2.2.2018.Sad.News...Professor.Emeritus.Joseph.Polchinski">"Obituary: Professor Emeritus Joseph Polchinski"</a>. <i>UC Santa Barbara</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UC+Santa+Barbara&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Professor+Emeritus+Joseph+Polchinski&rft.date=2018-02-02&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Henry+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchancellor.ucsb.edu%2Fmemos%2F%3F2.2.2018.Sad.News...Professor.Emeritus.Joseph.Polchinski&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://francis.naukas.com/2018/02/03/joe-polchinsky-1954-2018-la-teoria-de-cuerdas-esta-de-luto/">"Joe Polchinski (1954-2018): La teoría de cuerdas está de luto"</a>. <i>La Ciencia de la Mula Francis</i> (in European Spanish). 3 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Ciencia+de+la+Mula+Francis&rft.atitle=Joe+Polchinski+%281954-2018%29%3A+La+teor%C3%ADa+de+cuerdas+est%C3%A1+de+luto&rft.date=2018-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrancis.naukas.com%2F2018%2F02%2F03%2Fjoe-polchinsky-1954-2018-la-teoria-de-cuerdas-esta-de-luto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/people/Joseph-Polchinski-Sr/6000000007160417853">"Joseph Gerard Polchinski, Sr"</a>. Geni.com. 10 January 1929.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joseph+Gerard+Polchinski%2C+Sr.&rft.pub=Geni.com&rft.date=1929-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geni.com%2Fpeople%2FJoseph-Polchinski-Sr%2F6000000007160417853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTobit-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOverbye,_Dennis2018" class="citation web cs1">Overbye, Dennis (7 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.nytimes.com/2018/02/07/obituaries/joseph-polchinski-63-leading-theorist-on-multiple-universes-dies.html">"Joseph Polchinski, 63, Leading Theorist on Multiple Universes, Dies"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Joseph+Polchinski%2C+63%2C+Leading+Theorist+on+Multiple+Universes%2C+Dies&rft.date=2018-02-07&rft.au=Overbye%2C+Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobile.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F02%2F07%2Fobituaries%2Fjoseph-polchinski-63-leading-theorist-on-multiple-universes-dies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolchinski2017" class="citation arxiv cs1">Polchinski, Joseph (2017). "Memories of a Theoretical Physicist". <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.09093">1708.09093</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/physics.hist-ph">physics.hist-ph</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=Memories+of+a+Theoretical+Physicist&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1708.09093&rft.aulast=Polchinski&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070417102450/http://www.kitp.ucsb.edu/~joep/">"kitp.ucsb.edu"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kitp.ucsb.edu/~joep/">the original</a> on April 17, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=kitp.ucsb.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitp.ucsb.edu%2F~joep%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2008">"Dirac Medallists 2008 | ICTP"</a>. <i>www.ictp.it</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ictp.it&rft.atitle=Dirac+Medallists+2008+%26%23124%3B+ICTP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ictp.it%2Fhome%2Fdirac-medallists-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeachman2016" class="citation web cs1">Leachman, Shelly (December 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.ucsb.edu/2016/017440/another-major-breakthrough">"Another Major Breakthrough"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+California%2C+Santa+Barbara&rft.atitle=Another+Major+Breakthrough&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.aulast=Leachman&rft.aufirst=Shelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.ucsb.edu%2F2016%2F017440%2Fanother-major-breakthrough&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorne-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorne_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorne_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorne1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne, Kip S.</a> (1994). <a href="/wiki/Black_Holes_and_Time_Warps" title="Black Holes and Time Warps"><i>Black Holes and Time Warps</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="W. W. Norton">W. W. Norton</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackholestimewa0000thor/page/510">510</a>–513. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-31276-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-31276-3"><bdi>0-393-31276-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Holes+and+Time+Warps&rft.pages=510-513&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-393-31276-3&rft.aulast=Thorne&rft.aufirst=Kip+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlmheiriMarolf,_DonaldPolchinski,_JosephSully,_James2013" class="citation journal cs1">Almheiri, Ahmed; Marolf, Donald; Polchinski, Joseph; Sully, James (11 February 2013). "Black holes: complementarity or firewalls?". <i>Journal of High Energy Physics</i>. <b>2013</b> (2): 62. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.3123">1207.3123</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JHEP...02..062A">2013JHEP...02..062A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FJHEP02%282013%29062">10.1007/JHEP02(2013)062</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55581818">55581818</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+High+Energy+Physics&rft.atitle=Black+holes%3A+complementarity+or+firewalls%3F&rft.volume=2013&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=62&rft.date=2013-02-11&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1207.3123&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55581818%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FJHEP02%282013%29062&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013JHEP...02..062A&rft.aulast=Almheiri&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft.au=Marolf%2C+Donald&rft.au=Polchinski%2C+Joseph&rft.au=Sully%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerali2013" class="citation journal cs1">Merali, Zeeya (April 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F496020a">"Astrophysics: Fire in the hole!"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>496</b> (7443): 20–23. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Natur.496...20M">2013Natur.496...20M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F496020a">10.1038/496020a</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23552926">23552926</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Astrophysics%3A+Fire+in+the+hole%21&rft.volume=496&rft.issue=7443&rft.pages=20-23&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23552926&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F496020a&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Natur.496...20M&rft.aulast=Merali&rft.aufirst=Zeeya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F496020a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Polchinski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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Tao">Terence Tao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(mathematician)" title="Richard Taylor (mathematician)">Richard Taylor</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Agol" title="Ian Agol">Ian Agol</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bourgain" title="Jean Bourgain">Jean Bourgain</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hacon" title="Christopher Hacon">Christopher Hacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_McKernan" title="James McKernan">James McKernan</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lafforgue" title="Vincent Lafforgue">Vincent Lafforgue</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Eskin" title="Alex Eskin">Alex Eskin</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hairer" title="Martin Hairer">Martin Hairer</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuro_Mochizuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Takuro Mochizuki">Takuro Mochizuki</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_A._Spielman" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel A. Spielman">Daniel A. Spielman</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Brendle" title="Simon Brendle">Simon Brendle</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Prize_in_Fundamental_Physics" title="Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics">Fundamental<br />physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nima_Arkani-Hamed" title="Nima Arkani-Hamed">Nima Arkani-Hamed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Guth" title="Alan Guth">Alan Guth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kitaev" title="Alexei Kitaev">Alexei Kitaev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Kontsevich" title="Maxim Kontsevich">Maxim Kontsevich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Linde" title="Andrei Linde">Andrei Linde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Maldacena" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Martín Maldacena">Juan Maldacena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Seiberg" title="Nathan Seiberg">Nathan Seiberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashoke_Sen" title="Ashoke Sen">Ashoke Sen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a> (2012)</li> <li><i>Special</i>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jenni" title="Peter Jenni">Peter Jenni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabiola_Gianotti" title="Fabiola Gianotti">Fabiola Gianotti</a> (ATLAS), <a href="/wiki/Michel_Della_Negra" title="Michel Della Negra">Michel Della Negra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tejinder_Virdee" title="Tejinder Virdee">Tejinder Virdee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guido_Tonelli" title="Guido Tonelli">Guido Tonelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Incandela" title="Joseph Incandela">Joseph Incandela</a> (CMS) and <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Evans" title="Lyn Evans">Lyn Evans</a> (LHC) (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Markovich_Polyakov" title="Alexander Markovich Polyakov">Alexander Polyakov</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Green_(physicist)" title="Michael Green (physicist)">Michael Green</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Schwarz" title="John Henry Schwarz">John Henry Schwarz</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/Supernova_Cosmology_Project" title="Supernova Cosmology Project">Supernova Cosmology Project</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/High-Z_Supernova_Search_Team" title="High-Z Supernova Search Team">High-Z Supernova Team</a> (2015)</li> <li><i>Special</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Drever" title="Ronald Drever">Ronald Drever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> and contributors to <a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a> project (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yifang" title="Wang Yifang">Yifang Wang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kam-Biu_Luk" title="Kam-Biu Luk">Kam-Biu Luk</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Daya_Bay_Reactor_Neutrino_Experiment" title="Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment">Daya Bay team</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atsuto_Suzuki" title="Atsuto Suzuki">Atsuto Suzuki</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kamioka_Liquid_Scintillator_Antineutrino_Detector" title="Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector">KamLAND</a> team, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nishikawa" title="Kōichirō Nishikawa">Kōichirō Nishikawa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/K2K_experiment" title="K2K experiment">K2K</a> / <a href="/wiki/T2K_experiment" title="T2K experiment">T2K</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">Arthur B. McDonald</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Neutrino_Observatory" title="Sudbury Neutrino Observatory">Sudbury Neutrino Observatory</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Takaaki Kajita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Suzuki" title="Yōichirō Suzuki">Yōichirō Suzuki</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Super-Kamiokande" title="Super-Kamiokande">Super-Kamiokande</a> team (2016)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Polchinski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Strominger" title="Andrew Strominger">Andrew Strominger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumrun_Vafa" title="Cumrun Vafa">Cumrun Vafa</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Bennett" title="Charles L. Bennett">Charles L. Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Hinshaw" title="Gary Hinshaw">Gary Hinshaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Jarosik" title="Norman Jarosik">Norman Jarosik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Page" title="Lyman Page">Lyman Page Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Spergel" title="David Spergel">David Spergel</a> (2018)</li> <li><i>Special</i>: <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell" title="Jocelyn Bell Burnell">Jocelyn Bell Burnell</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Kane" title="Charles L. Kane">Charles Kane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugene_J._Mele" title="Eugene J. Mele">Eugene Mele</a> (2019)</li> <li><i>Special</i>: <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Ferrara" title="Sergio Ferrara">Sergio Ferrara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Z._Freedman" title="Daniel Z. Freedman">Daniel Z. Freedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_van_Nieuwenhuizen" title="Peter van Nieuwenhuizen">Peter van Nieuwenhuizen</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Event_Horizon_Telescope_Collaboration" class="mw-redirect" title="The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration">The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Adelberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Adelberger">Eric Adelberger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_H._Gundlach" title="Jens H. Gundlach">Jens H. Gundlach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blayne_Heckel" title="Blayne Heckel">Blayne Heckel</a> (2021)</li> <li><i>Special</i>: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidetoshi_Katori" title="Hidetoshi Katori">Hidetoshi Katori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jun_Ye" title="Jun Ye">Jun Ye</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Bennett_(physicist)" title="Charles H. Bennett (physicist)">Charles H. Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Brassard" title="Gilles Brassard">Gilles Brassard</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Deutsch" title="David Deutsch">David Deutsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Shor" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter W. Shor">Peter W. Shor</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cardy" title="John Cardy">John Cardy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zamolodchikov" title="Alexander Zamolodchikov">Alexander Zamolodchikov</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Prize_in_Life_Sciences" title="Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences">Life sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Bargmann" title="Cornelia Bargmann">Cornelia Bargmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Botstein" title="David Botstein">David Botstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_C._Cantley" title="Lewis C. Cantley">Lewis C. Cantley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Clevers" title="Hans Clevers">Hans Clevers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titia_de_Lange" title="Titia de Lange">Titia de Lange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleone_Ferrara" title="Napoleone Ferrara">Napoleone Ferrara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Lander" title="Eric Lander">Eric Lander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sawyers" title="Charles Sawyers">Charles Sawyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist)">Robert Weinberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Shinya Yamanaka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bert_Vogelstein" title="Bert Vogelstein">Bert Vogelstein</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">James P. Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahlon_DeLong" title="Mahlon DeLong">Mahlon DeLong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_N._Hall" title="Michael N. Hall">Michael N. Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Lifton" title="Richard P. Lifton">Richard P. Lifton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Varshavsky" title="Alexander Varshavsky">Alexander Varshavsky</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alim_Louis_Benabid" title="Alim Louis Benabid">Alim Louis Benabid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_David_Allis" title="Charles David Allis">Charles David Allis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Gary Ruvkun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boyden" title="Edward Boyden">Edward Boyden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Deisseroth" title="Karl Deisseroth">Karl Deisseroth</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hardy_(geneticist)" title="John Hardy (geneticist)">John Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hobbs" title="Helen Hobbs">Helen Hobbs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Elledge" title="Stephen Elledge">Stephen J. 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156878#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156878#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156878#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110273983">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/56840835">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqVTKKxmrbyhhwfMggR8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/13813247X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87120768">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14500472j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14500472j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01000027">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2015854653&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p191672483">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810646476905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007443446705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07792596?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-0941">ORCID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=45758">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:polchinski.joseph">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/140675">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/085084433">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&oldid=1251660027">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Polchinski&oldid=1251660027</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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