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-webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">The peopling of the Americas</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">10,610 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>The peopling of the Americas</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a 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America's Late Glacial Landscapes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2910680" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a380689a0d76f6a687fe9ef063cf0824" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30835322,"asset_id":2910680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Haynes","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GaryHaynes?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3422986/1163292/2444128/s65_gary.haynes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2910680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2910680"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2910680, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2910680", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2910680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2910680; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2910680"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2910680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2910680"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2910680; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2910680]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2910680").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2910680").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2910680"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammal_Extinctions">Mammal Extinctions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34136" type="text/json">{"id":34136,"name":"Mammal Extinctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammal_Extinctions?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97249" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammoth">Mammoth</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="97249" type="text/json">{"id":97249,"name":"Mammoth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammoth?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2910680]'), work: {"id":2910680,"title":"Extinctions in North America's Late Glacial Landscapes","created_at":"2013-03-05T06:50:03.535-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2910680/Extinctions_in_North_Americas_Late_Glacial_Landscapes?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_2910680","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30835322,"asset_id":2910680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3422986,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Haynes","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"GaryHaynes","display_name":"Gary Haynes","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GaryHaynes?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3422986/1163292/2444128/s65_gary.haynes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":34136,"name":"Mammal Extinctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammal_Extinctions?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":97249,"name":"Mammoth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammoth?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236794,"name":"Pleistocene megafauna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene_megafauna?f_ri=55633"},{"id":918613,"name":"Megaherbivores","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Megaherbivores?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67884681" data-work_id="67884681" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67884681/Identifying_sites_of_high_geoarchaeological_potential_using_aerial_LIDAR_and_GIS_on_Quadra_Island_Canada">Identifying sites of high geoarchaeological potential using aerial LIDAR and GIS on Quadra Island, Canada</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The dynamic environmental history and relative sea level (RSL) changes experienced on the Northwest Coast of North America during the early post-glacial period and the early Holocene resulted in significant archaeological visibility... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67884681" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The dynamic environmental history and relative sea level (RSL) changes experienced on the Northwest Coast of North America during the early post-glacial period and the early Holocene resulted in significant archaeological visibility challenges for prospection of early coastal archaeological sites. This study offers an integrated methodological approach in support of locating palaeo-coastal sites by combining: (1) geomorphic interpretation of landscape attributes captured by LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) mapping; (2) GIS-based archaeological site potential mapping; and (3) local RSL history. The RSL history for the study site (Quadra Island, British Columbia, Canada) shows notable regression over the past 14,300 years from a highstand of at least 197 m resulting from post-glacial isostatic rebound. Late Pleistocene and early Holocene palaeo-shorelines are found inland from, and elevated above, modern sea level and represent key areas for archaeological prospecting. Bare-earth D...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67884681" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54543487" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexLausanne">Alex Lausanne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54543487" type="text/json">{"id":54543487,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Lausanne","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexLausanne","display_name":"Alex Lausanne","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexLausanne?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67884681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67884681"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67884681, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67884681", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67884681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67884681; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67884681"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67884681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67884681"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67884681; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67884681]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67884681").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67884681").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67884681"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1252" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing">Remote Sensing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1252" type="text/json">{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoenvironment">Palaeoenvironment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1723" type="text/json">{"id":1723,"name":"Palaeoenvironment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoenvironment?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2795" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology">Landscape Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2795" type="text/json">{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67884681]'), work: {"id":67884681,"title":"Identifying sites of high geoarchaeological potential using aerial LIDAR and GIS on Quadra Island, Canada","created_at":"2022-01-12T17:40:56.258-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67884681/Identifying_sites_of_high_geoarchaeological_potential_using_aerial_LIDAR_and_GIS_on_Quadra_Island_Canada?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_67884681","summary":"The dynamic environmental history and relative sea level (RSL) changes experienced on the Northwest Coast of North America during the early post-glacial period and the early Holocene resulted in significant archaeological visibility challenges for prospection of early coastal archaeological sites. This study offers an integrated methodological approach in support of locating palaeo-coastal sites by combining: (1) geomorphic interpretation of landscape attributes captured by LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) mapping; (2) GIS-based archaeological site potential mapping; and (3) local RSL history. The RSL history for the study site (Quadra Island, British Columbia, Canada) shows notable regression over the past 14,300 years from a highstand of at least 197 m resulting from post-glacial isostatic rebound. Late Pleistocene and early Holocene palaeo-shorelines are found inland from, and elevated above, modern sea level and represent key areas for archaeological prospecting. Bare-earth D...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54543487,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Lausanne","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexLausanne","display_name":"Alex Lausanne","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexLausanne?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":1723,"name":"Palaeoenvironment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoenvironment?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":6808,"name":"Coastal Geomorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Geomorphology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":12222,"name":"Survey (Archaeological Method \u0026 Theory)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Archaeological_Method_and_Theory_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":14492,"name":"Coastal and Island Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_and_Island_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":36852,"name":"British Columbia and the Canadian West","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Columbia_and_the_Canadian_West?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":65417,"name":"Pacific Northwest Coast archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Northwest_Coast_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":3543225,"name":"Palaeo-shoreline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeo-shoreline?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43766923" data-work_id="43766923" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43766923/What_Did_the_Native_Americans_Believe_A_Model_that_Integrates_Lifeways_Migrations_and_Values_of_the_People_Before_Columbus">What Did the Native Americans Believe? A Model that Integrates Lifeways, Migrations and Values of the People Before Columbus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">If belief drives behavior, what did first nations peoples believe? Though a material approach attempts to bridge the gap, other disciplines such as philology may be of assistance and compatible with a strict material diagnostic. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43766923" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">If belief drives behavior, what did first nations peoples believe? Though a material approach attempts to bridge the gap, other disciplines such as philology may be of assistance and compatible with a strict material diagnostic. This paper marries material evidence and current theory with immaterial evidence from other disciplines for a working model to understand the most basic questions as to why there were people in America before Columbus.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43766923" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa3a54e63022768a313b71b6d2542dba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64079483,"asset_id":43766923,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64079483/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6310169" href="https://independent.academia.edu/scottchandler">scott chandler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6310169" type="text/json">{"id":6310169,"first_name":"scott","last_name":"chandler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"scottchandler","display_name":"scott chandler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/scottchandler?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43766923 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43766923"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43766923, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43766923", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43766923 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43766923; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43766923"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43766923 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43766923"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43766923; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43766923]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43766923").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43766923").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43766923"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="398" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="398" type="text/json">{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5053" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_Archaeology_">North American (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5053" type="text/json">{"id":5053,"name":"North American (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Literature_Literature_">Native American Literature (Literature)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11879" type="text/json">{"id":11879,"name":"Native American Literature (Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Literature_Literature_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43766923]'), work: {"id":43766923,"title":"What Did the Native Americans Believe? A Model that Integrates Lifeways, Migrations and Values of the People Before Columbus","created_at":"2020-08-02T12:17:34.966-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43766923/What_Did_the_Native_Americans_Believe_A_Model_that_Integrates_Lifeways_Migrations_and_Values_of_the_People_Before_Columbus?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_43766923","summary":"If belief drives behavior, what did first nations peoples believe? Though a material approach attempts to bridge the gap, other disciplines such as philology may be of assistance and compatible with a strict material diagnostic. This paper marries material evidence and current theory with immaterial evidence from other disciplines for a working model to understand the most basic questions as to why there were people in America before Columbus. 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Le caractère anthropique des sites de Pedra Furada (Brésil) en question</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La question du premier peuplement préhistorique du continent américain a toujours fait l'objet de vifs débats. L'une des controverses actuelles concerne la possibilité d'une présence humaine antérieure à ca. 20 000 ans (avant ou pendant... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49587152" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La question du premier peuplement préhistorique du continent américain a toujours fait l'objet de vifs débats. L'une des controverses actuelles concerne la possibilité d'une présence humaine antérieure à ca. 20 000 ans (avant ou pendant le Dernier Maximum Glaciaire). Bien que la grande majorité des chercheurs reste sceptique quant à la présence d'occupations humaines si anciennes, faute de preuves considérées comme tangibles, certains travaux récents défendent cette hypothèse à partir de cas sud-américains parmi lesquels le site de Boqueirão da Pedra Furada (Brésil) tient une place centrale. Le caractère anthropique des assemblages qu'a livré ce gisement a été jusqu'à présent considéré comme très ambigu : les outils présumés, essentiellement des galets aménagés, sont identiques à ceux tombant naturellement du mur et du plateau de la falaise adossée au site. Malgré ces réticences basées sur un contexte géologique favorisant théoriquement la production de géofacts, l'équipe d'É. Boëda tend à considérer que tout chercheur non convaincu par les preuves aujourd'hui publiées l'est pour de simples raisons idéologiques et non scientifiques. Une analyse comparée et critique des nombreuses publications consacrées aux sites anciens de la région de Piauí.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49587152" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae826fde69b84083b6138b2f0b1022ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67907454,"asset_id":49587152,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67907454/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5093668" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/YanAxelG%C3%B3mezCoutouly">Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5093668" type="text/json">{"id":5093668,"first_name":"Yan Axel","last_name":"Gómez Coutouly","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"YanAxelGómezCoutouly","display_name":"Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/YanAxelG%C3%B3mezCoutouly?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5093668/2226969/3103985/s65_yan_axel.gomez_coutouly.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49587152 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49587152"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49587152, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49587152", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49587152]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49587152").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49587152").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49587152"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10134" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_Age_Archaeology_">Stone Age (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10134" type="text/json">{"id":10134,"name":"Stone Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49587152]'), work: {"id":49587152,"title":"Un peuplement antérieur à 20 000 ans en Amérique ? Le caractère anthropique des sites de Pedra Furada (Brésil) en question","created_at":"2021-07-07T06:58:14.471-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49587152/Un_peuplement_ant%C3%A9rieur_%C3%A0_20_000_ans_en_Am%C3%A9rique_Le_caract%C3%A8re_anthropique_des_sites_de_Pedra_Furada_Br%C3%A9sil_en_question?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_49587152","summary":"La question du premier peuplement préhistorique du continent américain a toujours fait l'objet de vifs débats. L'une des controverses actuelles concerne la possibilité d'une présence humaine antérieure à ca. 20 000 ans (avant ou pendant le Dernier Maximum Glaciaire). Bien que la grande majorité des chercheurs reste sceptique quant à la présence d'occupations humaines si anciennes, faute de preuves considérées comme tangibles, certains travaux récents défendent cette hypothèse à partir de cas sud-américains parmi lesquels le site de Boqueirão da Pedra Furada (Brésil) tient une place centrale. Le caractère anthropique des assemblages qu'a livré ce gisement a été jusqu'à présent considéré comme très ambigu : les outils présumés, essentiellement des galets aménagés, sont identiques à ceux tombant naturellement du mur et du plateau de la falaise adossée au site. Malgré ces réticences basées sur un contexte géologique favorisant théoriquement la production de géofacts, l'équipe d'É. Boëda tend à considérer que tout chercheur non convaincu par les preuves aujourd'hui publiées l'est pour de simples raisons idéologiques et non scientifiques. Une analyse comparée et critique des nombreuses publications consacrées aux sites anciens de la région de Piauí.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67907454,"asset_id":49587152,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5093668,"first_name":"Yan Axel","last_name":"Gómez Coutouly","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"YanAxelGómezCoutouly","display_name":"Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/YanAxelG%C3%B3mezCoutouly?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5093668/2226969/3103985/s65_yan_axel.gomez_coutouly.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":10134,"name":"Stone Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":24828,"name":"Lithics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithics?f_ri=55633"},{"id":32259,"name":"Stone artefacts (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_artefacts_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":34165,"name":"The Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=55633"},{"id":38032,"name":"Lithic Technology (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":49908,"name":"Lithic Industries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Industries?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":91632,"name":"Stone tools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_tools?f_ri=55633"},{"id":96482,"name":"Beringia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beringia?f_ri=55633"},{"id":99317,"name":"Lithic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Analysis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":108398,"name":"Lithic Raw Material Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Raw_Material_Sourcing?f_ri=55633"},{"id":193295,"name":"Early peopling of America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"},{"id":569601,"name":"peopling of South America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/peopling_of_South_America?f_ri=55633"},{"id":735510,"name":"Peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44240988" data-work_id="44240988" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44240988/2020_Politis_y_Prates_Some_Opinions_about_Monte_Verde_PaleoAmerica_Response_to_Dillehay_et_al_2019">2020. Politis y Prates. Some Opinions about Monte Verde. PaleoAmerica. Response to Dillehay et al. 2019</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article is a response to Dillehay [2019. “Un ensayo sobre genética, arqueología y movilidad humana temprana.” Mundo de Antes 13 (2): 13–65] and Dillehay, Pino, and Ocampo [2020. “Comments on Archaeological Remains at the Monte Verde... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44240988" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article is a response to Dillehay [2019. “Un ensayo sobre genética, arqueología y movilidad humana temprana.” Mundo de Antes 13 (2): 13–65] and Dillehay, Pino, and Ocampo [2020. “Comments on Archaeological Remains at the Monte Verde Site Complex, Chile.” PaleoAmerica. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1762399" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1762399</a>], who criticized our comments about Monte Verde-I and Chinchihuapi-I as well as our suggestion of the tightening of the age of Monte Verde-II [Politis, G. G., and L. Prates. 2018. “Clocking the Arrival of Homo sapiens in the Southern Cone of South America.” In New Perspectives on the Peopling of the Americas, edited by K. Harvati, G. Jäger, and H. Reyes Centeno, 79–106. Tübingen: Kerns Verlag]. They claimed that we purposefully ignored pertinent data to support our opinions, and that we made several mistakes when analyzing the evidence. In this article we demonstrate that we did not ignore any relevant data, and that the putative errors are in fact alternative interpretations based on the available data and recent studies about site formation processes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44240988" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8430e4e4d0e9729419bbc7dc36cc619b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64611965,"asset_id":44240988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64611965/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1008320" href="https://unlp.academia.edu/LucianoPrates">Luciano Prates</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1008320" type="text/json">{"id":1008320,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Prates","domain_name":"unlp","page_name":"LucianoPrates","display_name":"Luciano Prates","profile_url":"https://unlp.academia.edu/LucianoPrates?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1008320/1587618/33828629/s65_luciano.prates.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44240988 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44240988"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44240988, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44240988", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44240988 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44240988; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44240988"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44240988 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44240988"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44240988; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44240988]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44240988").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44240988").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44240988"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64268" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_American_Archaeology">South American Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64268" type="text/json">{"id":64268,"name":"South American Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_American_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236101" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World">Peopling of the New World</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236101" type="text/json">{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="384726" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Steppe_Nomadic_peoples_migrations_and_social_life">Early Steppe Nomadic peoples migrations and social life</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="384726" type="text/json">{"id":384726,"name":"Early Steppe Nomadic peoples migrations and social life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Steppe_Nomadic_peoples_migrations_and_social_life?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44240988]'), work: {"id":44240988,"title":"2020. Politis y Prates. Some Opinions about Monte Verde. PaleoAmerica. Response to Dillehay et al. 2019","created_at":"2020-10-06T10:29:35.784-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44240988/2020_Politis_y_Prates_Some_Opinions_about_Monte_Verde_PaleoAmerica_Response_to_Dillehay_et_al_2019?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_44240988","summary":"This article is a response to Dillehay [2019. “Un ensayo sobre genética, arqueología y movilidad humana temprana.” Mundo de Antes 13 (2): 13–65] and Dillehay, Pino, and Ocampo [2020. “Comments on Archaeological Remains at the Monte Verde Site Complex, Chile.” PaleoAmerica. https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1762399], who criticized our comments about Monte Verde-I and Chinchihuapi-I as well as our suggestion of the tightening of the age of Monte Verde-II [Politis, G. G., and L. Prates. 2018. “Clocking the Arrival of Homo sapiens in the Southern Cone of South America.” In New Perspectives on the Peopling of the Americas, edited by K. Harvati, G. Jäger, and H. Reyes Centeno, 79–106. Tübingen: Kerns Verlag]. They claimed that we purposefully ignored pertinent data to support our opinions, and that we made several mistakes when analyzing the evidence. In this article we demonstrate that we did not ignore any relevant data, and that the putative errors are in fact alternative interpretations based on the available data and recent studies about site formation processes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64611965,"asset_id":44240988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1008320,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Prates","domain_name":"unlp","page_name":"LucianoPrates","display_name":"Luciano Prates","profile_url":"https://unlp.academia.edu/LucianoPrates?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1008320/1587618/33828629/s65_luciano.prates.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":64268,"name":"South American Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_American_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":384726,"name":"Early Steppe Nomadic peoples migrations and social life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Steppe_Nomadic_peoples_migrations_and_social_life?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44506238" data-work_id="44506238" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44506238/Rising_up_against_institutional_racism_in_the_Americas_and_beyond">Rising up against institutional racism in the Americas and beyond</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This issue aims to explore the diversity of historical and political articulations of institutional racism and their antagonists in the Americas, and why it is now, under the difficult circumstances of lockdown during the Covid-19... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44506238" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This issue aims to explore the diversity of historical and political articulations of institutional racism and their antagonists in the Americas, and why it is now, under the difficult circumstances of lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic, the anti-racism movements have erupted into the public sphere in the North. How does the Covid 19 pandemic shape anti-racist and indigenous rights struggles? We invite in-depth empirical, historical and theoretical analyses, case studies and regional explorations, reports, opinion pieces, relevant interviews and other significant material, short contributions centred on ‘events’ of collective action against racism primarily in the Americas. Reflections on racism and anti-racism from other parts of the world that do not relate to the Americas will be covered by the ‘open section’ of this issue. <br />The issue has now been published.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44506238" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e7f7d1ad201bee6332b29b175ad40d84" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65731264,"asset_id":44506238,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65731264/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5453049" href="https://independent.academia.edu/heikeschaumberg">heike schaumberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5453049" type="text/json">{"id":5453049,"first_name":"heike","last_name":"schaumberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"heikeschaumberg","display_name":"heike schaumberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/heikeschaumberg?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5453049/4131822/4815265/s65_heike.schaumberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44506238 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44506238"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44506238, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44506238", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44506238 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44506238; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44506238"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44506238 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44506238"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44506238; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44506238]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44506238").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44506238").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44506238"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="927" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies">Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="927" type="text/json">{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44506238]'), work: {"id":44506238,"title":"Rising up against institutional racism in the Americas and beyond","created_at":"2020-11-15T12:35:38.729-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44506238/Rising_up_against_institutional_racism_in_the_Americas_and_beyond?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_44506238","summary":"This issue aims to explore the diversity of historical and political articulations of institutional racism and their antagonists in the Americas, and why it is now, under the difficult circumstances of lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic, the anti-racism movements have erupted into the public sphere in the North. How does the Covid 19 pandemic shape anti-racist and indigenous rights struggles? We invite in-depth empirical, historical and theoretical analyses, case studies and regional explorations, reports, opinion pieces, relevant interviews and other significant material, short contributions centred on ‘events’ of collective action against racism primarily in the Americas. Reflections on racism and anti-racism from other parts of the world that do not relate to the Americas will be covered by the ‘open section’ of this issue.\r\nThe issue has now been published.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65731264,"asset_id":44506238,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":83052343,"asset_id":44506238,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":65731263,"asset_id":44506238,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5453049,"first_name":"heike","last_name":"schaumberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"heikeschaumberg","display_name":"heike schaumberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/heikeschaumberg?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5453049/4131822/4815265/s65_heike.schaumberg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":2931,"name":"Afro Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afro_Latin_America?f_ri=55633"},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=55633"},{"id":5060,"name":"Indigenous Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Politics?f_ri=55633"},{"id":36593,"name":"Native American Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Anthropology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":43150,"name":"Anti-Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Racism?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=55633"},{"id":284815,"name":"Afrodescendientes y pueblos originarios en Argentina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afrodescendientes_y_pueblos_originarios_en_Argentina?f_ri=55633"},{"id":542867,"name":"Derechos de los pueblos Originarios","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derechos_de_los_pueblos_Originarios?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1188564,"name":"Pueblos Originarios De Latinoamerica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pueblos_Originarios_De_Latinoamerica?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1772978,"name":"Institutionalized Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutionalized_Racism?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1901957,"name":"Black Lives Matter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Lives_Matter?f_ri=55633"},{"id":3159547,"name":"Movement for Black Lives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement_for_Black_Lives?f_ri=55633"},{"id":3757046,"name":"Black Lives Matter (BLM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Lives_Matter_BLM_?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39688356" data-work_id="39688356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39688356/What_Did_The_Native_Americans_Believe_A_Model_That_Integrates_Lifeways_Migrations_and_Values_of_the_People_Before_Columbus">What Did The Native Americans Believe? A Model That Integrates Lifeways, Migrations and Values of the People Before Columbus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sophisticated diagnostics have allowed archaeologists to make great inroads in understanding America's First people. At the same time, modern archaeology has assumptions about reality that have limited its scope and ability to integrate... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39688356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sophisticated diagnostics have allowed archaeologists to make great inroads in understanding America's First people. At the same time, modern archaeology has assumptions about reality that have limited its scope and ability to integrate other disciplines into its theories, disciplines that would clarify and cement a harmony of the disparate and isolated work sites into a model of global proportions. If beliefs determine behavior, it runs near impossible to paint a holistic picture as to what drove the complex peopling of America from the material record alone.  This paper marries material evidence and current theory with immaterial evidence from other disciplines for a working model to understand the most basic questions as to why there were people in America before Columbus. This paper was originally submitted for scholastic review in 2014.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39688356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7413e307bf3be2891b8592dc73150ba0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59886713,"asset_id":39688356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59886713/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6310169" href="https://independent.academia.edu/scottchandler">scott chandler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6310169" type="text/json">{"id":6310169,"first_name":"scott","last_name":"chandler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"scottchandler","display_name":"scott chandler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/scottchandler?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39688356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39688356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39688356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39688356", }); 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A Model That Integrates Lifeways, Migrations and Values of the People Before Columbus","created_at":"2019-06-24T23:36:45.690-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39688356/What_Did_The_Native_Americans_Believe_A_Model_That_Integrates_Lifeways_Migrations_and_Values_of_the_People_Before_Columbus?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_39688356","summary":"Sophisticated diagnostics have allowed archaeologists to make great inroads in understanding America's First people. At the same time, modern archaeology has assumptions about reality that have limited its scope and ability to integrate other disciplines into its theories, disciplines that would clarify and cement a harmony of the disparate and isolated work sites into a model of global proportions. If beliefs determine behavior, it runs near impossible to paint a holistic picture as to what drove the complex peopling of America from the material record alone. This paper marries material evidence and current theory with immaterial evidence from other disciplines for a working model to understand the most basic questions as to why there were people in America before Columbus. This paper was originally submitted for scholastic review in 2014.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59886713,"asset_id":39688356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6310169,"first_name":"scott","last_name":"chandler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"scottchandler","display_name":"scott chandler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/scottchandler?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":5053,"name":"North American (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":13649,"name":"North American archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":15504,"name":"Native American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American?f_ri=55633"},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633"},{"id":36593,"name":"Native American Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Anthropology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":52830,"name":"American Indians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indians?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":59383,"name":"California Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":76113,"name":"Native American Indian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Indian_Studies?f_ri=55633"},{"id":112210,"name":"Native Americans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_Americans?f_ri=55633"},{"id":115378,"name":"Eastern North American Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_North_American_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":116045,"name":"Indians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indians?f_ri=55633"},{"id":193295,"name":"Early peopling of America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America?f_ri=55633"},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":226782,"name":"Native Americans, Paleo-Indians, Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_Americans_Paleo-Indians_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60664787" data-work_id="60664787" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60664787/Questioning_the_Anthropic_Nature_of_Pedra_Furada_and_the_Piau%C3%AD_Sites">Questioning the Anthropic Nature of Pedra Furada and the Piauí Sites</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">FULL ARTICLE AVAILABLE AT: <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20555563.2021.1943181" rel="nofollow">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20555563.2021.1943181</a> Many archaeologists are still skeptical about a human presence in the Americas during or before the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM), considering... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60664787" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">FULL ARTICLE AVAILABLE AT:<br /><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20555563.2021.1943181" rel="nofollow">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20555563.2021.1943181</a><br /><br />Many archaeologists are still skeptical about a human presence in the Americas during or before the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM), considering that the claim is not yet sustained by hard evidence. Boqueirão da Pedra Furada (Brazil) is one of the most famous pre-LGM claims, but the site has so far been considered ambiguous, and similar concerns have been raised about nearby sites. Nonetheless, for E. Boëda and co-workers, who have been working at these sites, researchers who are still skeptical about the anthropic origin of the assemblages have a psychological barrier and no scientific arguments. Are all skeptics completely blinded by their preconceptions that they cannot see the obvious and unambiguous evidence? To find out, I reviewed the numerous publications of the Piauí sites, and the outcome of my analysis is quite simple: the anthropic nature of the LGM/pre-LGM artifacts of the Piauí sites has not been demonstrated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60664787" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5a6c13255d6cd1408a410ff58dce4003" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74006252,"asset_id":60664787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74006252/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5093668" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/YanAxelG%C3%B3mezCoutouly">Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5093668" type="text/json">{"id":5093668,"first_name":"Yan Axel","last_name":"Gómez Coutouly","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"YanAxelGómezCoutouly","display_name":"Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/YanAxelG%C3%B3mezCoutouly?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5093668/2226969/3103985/s65_yan_axel.gomez_coutouly.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60664787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60664787"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60664787, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60664787", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60664787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60664787").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60664787").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60664787"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology">Ethology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179" type="text/json">{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15780" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy">Taphonomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15780" type="text/json">{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology">Lithic Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19728" type="text/json">{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24828" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithics">Lithics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24828" type="text/json">{"id":24828,"name":"Lithics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithics?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60664787]'), work: {"id":60664787,"title":"Questioning the Anthropic Nature of Pedra Furada and the Piauí Sites","created_at":"2021-11-01T02:11:26.042-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60664787/Questioning_the_Anthropic_Nature_of_Pedra_Furada_and_the_Piau%C3%AD_Sites?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_60664787","summary":"FULL ARTICLE AVAILABLE AT:\nhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20555563.2021.1943181\n\nMany archaeologists are still skeptical about a human presence in the Americas during or before the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM), considering that the claim is not yet sustained by hard evidence. Boqueirão da Pedra Furada (Brazil) is one of the most famous pre-LGM claims, but the site has so far been considered ambiguous, and similar concerns have been raised about nearby sites. Nonetheless, for E. Boëda and co-workers, who have been working at these sites, researchers who are still skeptical about the anthropic origin of the assemblages have a psychological barrier and no scientific arguments. Are all skeptics completely blinded by their preconceptions that they cannot see the obvious and unambiguous evidence? To find out, I reviewed the numerous publications of the Piauí sites, and the outcome of my analysis is quite simple: the anthropic nature of the LGM/pre-LGM artifacts of the Piauí sites has not been demonstrated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74006252,"asset_id":60664787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5093668,"first_name":"Yan Axel","last_name":"Gómez Coutouly","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"YanAxelGómezCoutouly","display_name":"Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/YanAxelG%C3%B3mezCoutouly?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5093668/2226969/3103985/s65_yan_axel.gomez_coutouly.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic 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Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":96482,"name":"Beringia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beringia?f_ri=55633"},{"id":99317,"name":"Lithic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Analysis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":108398,"name":"Lithic Raw Material Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Raw_Material_Sourcing?f_ri=55633"},{"id":159995,"name":"América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina?f_ri=55633"},{"id":185526,"name":"Last Glacial Maximum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Last_Glacial_Maximum?f_ri=55633"},{"id":193295,"name":"Early peopling of America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America?f_ri=55633"},{"id":208901,"name":"New World Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_World_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"},{"id":985595,"name":"Primate Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Ethology?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8264002" data-work_id="8264002" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8264002/The_genetic_prehistory_of_the_New_World_Arctic">The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Humans first peopled the North American Arctic (northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland) around 6000 years ago, leaving behind a complex archaeological record that consisted of different cultural units and distinct ways of life, including... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8264002" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Humans first peopled the North American Arctic (northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland) around 6000 years ago, leaving behind a complex archaeological record that consisted of different cultural units and distinct ways of life, including the Early Paleo-Eskimos (Pre-Dorset/Saqqaq), the Late Paleo-Eskimos (Early Dorset, Middle Dorset, and Late Dorset), and the Thule cultures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8264002" data-share-source="work_strip" 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Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Genetics?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":3216,"name":"Genomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomics?f_ri=55633"},{"id":5053,"name":"North American (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":9797,"name":"Arctic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":13649,"name":"North American archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":19495,"name":"Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=55633"},{"id":21967,"name":"Ancient DNA (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":25712,"name":"Ancient DNA Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Research?f_ri=55633"},{"id":27911,"name":"Arctic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_Anthropology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":36538,"name":"Ancient DNA (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Anthropology_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":91580,"name":"Human Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Population_Genetics?f_ri=55633"},{"id":96672,"name":"American Anthropology and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropology_and_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":100347,"name":"Ancient DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA?f_ri=55633"},{"id":140124,"name":"Eskimo-Aleut (Siberian Yupik Eskimo)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eskimo-Aleut_Siberian_Yupik_Eskimo_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New 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href="https://www.academia.edu/38426855/Charles_C_Mann_1493_Una_nueva_historia_del_mundo_despu%C3%A9s_de_Col%C3%B3n_Katz_Editores_2013_Rese%C3%B1a_">Charles C. Mann, “1493. Una nueva historia del mundo después de Colón”, Katz Editores, 2013 (Reseña)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">2013. Todo empieza con una anécdota. El escritor y periodista estadounidense Charles C. Mann estaba en un huerto escolar. Los alumnos habían cultivado unos cien tipos de tomates. Un estudiante le ofreció una variedad desarrollada en... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38426855" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">2013. Todo empieza con una anécdota. El escritor y periodista estadounidense Charles C. Mann estaba en un huerto escolar. Los alumnos habían cultivado unos cien tipos de tomates. Un estudiante le ofreció una variedad desarrollada en Ucrania en el siglo XIX. Mann se sorprendió. Creía que los tomates se habían originado en México. ¿Cómo habían llegado a Ucrania? <br /> <br /> Estaba equivocado. Los tomates no se originaron en México sino en la región andina central. La mayor incógnita no es cómo llegaron a Ucrania sino cómo ―o por qué― viajaron de los Andes a México, donde los cultivadores indígenas hicieron sus frutos más grandes y más comestibles. A partir del siglo XVI los europeos esparcieron el tomate por todo el planeta. En cada rincón del mundo, en cada continente y en cada población, el tomate tuvo un notable impacto cultural. ¿Cómo pensar la gastronomía del sur de Italia sin tomates? <br /> <br /> La anécdota continúa. Mann revolvía los anaqueles de una librería de viejo; encontró un ejemplar de Imperialismo ecológico: La expansión biológica de Europa, 900-1900, el libro de 1986 del historiador Alfred W. Crosby. Lo abrió y leyó el primer párrafo del prólogo, que es sólo una oración: “Los emigrantes europeos y sus descendientes están en todas partes, y eso requiere una explicación”. Obtuvo un salvoconducto, la clase de autorización que emerge al hallar una ocurrencia personal cristalizada en discurso público. “Comprendía exactamente lo que quería decir Crosby ―reconoció Mann―. La mayoría de los africanos vive en África, la mayoría de los asiáticos en Asia y la mayoría de los indígenas americanos en América. En cambio los descendientes de europeos abundan en Australia, en toda América y en el sur de África. Trasplantados con éxito, en muchos de esos lugares constituyen la mayoría de la población; es un hecho evidente, pero yo nunca lo había pensado antes. Ahora me preguntaba: ¿por qué es así? Desde el punto de vista ecológico eso es tan asombroso como los tomates de Ucrania”.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38426855" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="644545231017c4bb038d9ebf56a69685" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58486358,"asset_id":38426855,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58486358/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="101589416" href="https://uba.academia.edu/MarceloPisarro">Marcelo Pisarro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="101589416" type="text/json">{"id":101589416,"first_name":"Marcelo","last_name":"Pisarro","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"MarceloPisarro","display_name":"Marcelo Pisarro","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/MarceloPisarro?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/101589416/22261096/147754120/s65_marcelo.pisarro.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38426855 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38426855"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38426855, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38426855", }); 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Mann, “1493. Una nueva historia del mundo después de Colón”, Katz Editores, 2013 (Reseña)","created_at":"2019-02-23T16:13:33.001-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38426855/Charles_C_Mann_1493_Una_nueva_historia_del_mundo_despu%C3%A9s_de_Col%C3%B3n_Katz_Editores_2013_Rese%C3%B1a_?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_38426855","summary":"2013. Todo empieza con una anécdota. El escritor y periodista estadounidense Charles C. Mann estaba en un huerto escolar. Los alumnos habían cultivado unos cien tipos de tomates. Un estudiante le ofreció una variedad desarrollada en Ucrania en el siglo XIX. Mann se sorprendió. Creía que los tomates se habían originado en México. ¿Cómo habían llegado a Ucrania? \r\n\r\n\tEstaba equivocado. Los tomates no se originaron en México sino en la región andina central. La mayor incógnita no es cómo llegaron a Ucrania sino cómo ―o por qué― viajaron de los Andes a México, donde los cultivadores indígenas hicieron sus frutos más grandes y más comestibles. A partir del siglo XVI los europeos esparcieron el tomate por todo el planeta. En cada rincón del mundo, en cada continente y en cada población, el tomate tuvo un notable impacto cultural. ¿Cómo pensar la gastronomía del sur de Italia sin tomates?\r\n\r\n\tLa anécdota continúa. Mann revolvía los anaqueles de una librería de viejo; encontró un ejemplar de Imperialismo ecológico: La expansión biológica de Europa, 900-1900, el libro de 1986 del historiador Alfred W. Crosby. Lo abrió y leyó el primer párrafo del prólogo, que es sólo una oración: “Los emigrantes europeos y sus descendientes están en todas partes, y eso requiere una explicación”. Obtuvo un salvoconducto, la clase de autorización que emerge al hallar una ocurrencia personal cristalizada en discurso público. “Comprendía exactamente lo que quería decir Crosby ―reconoció Mann―. La mayoría de los africanos vive en África, la mayoría de los asiáticos en Asia y la mayoría de los indígenas americanos en América. En cambio los descendientes de europeos abundan en Australia, en toda América y en el sur de África. Trasplantados con éxito, en muchos de esos lugares constituyen la mayoría de la población; es un hecho evidente, pero yo nunca lo había pensado antes. Ahora me preguntaba: ¿por qué es así? Desde el punto de vista ecológico eso es tan asombroso como los tomates de Ucrania”. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58486358,"asset_id":38426855,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":101589416,"first_name":"Marcelo","last_name":"Pisarro","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"MarceloPisarro","display_name":"Marcelo Pisarro","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/MarceloPisarro?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/101589416/22261096/147754120/s65_marcelo.pisarro.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=55633"},{"id":3021,"name":"Colonial America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_America?f_ri=55633"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":92517,"name":"Antropología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=55633"},{"id":107145,"name":"Globalización","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalizaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=55633"},{"id":120752,"name":"Divulgación Científica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Divulgaci%C3%B3n_Cient%C3%ADfica?f_ri=55633"},{"id":375864,"name":"Colonización","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonizacion?f_ri=55633"},{"id":409506,"name":"Divulgación Histórica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Divulgacion_Historica?f_ri=55633"},{"id":618300,"name":"Globalizacion, Identidad Y Cultura","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalizacion_Identidad_Y_Cultura?f_ri=55633"},{"id":630248,"name":"Columbian Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Columbian_Exchange?f_ri=55633"},{"id":901093,"name":"Cristóbal Colón","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crist%C3%B3bal_Col%C3%B3n?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1258620,"name":"Periodismo Narrativo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Periodismo_Narrativo?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1837908,"name":"Alfred Crosby","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alfred_Crosby?f_ri=55633"},{"id":2614862,"name":"Charles C. Mann","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charles_C._Mann?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29572607" data-work_id="29572607" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29572607/Investigation_of_Potential_Pre_Clovis_Archaeological_Sites_in_the_Winnemucca_Lake_Basin_Nevada">Investigation of Potential Pre‐Clovis Archaeological Sites in the Winnemucca Lake Basin, Nevada</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fishbone and Crypt caves, located in the eastern Winnemucca Lake basin, may be the oldest sites in the Lahontan basin, and the only occupations dating to at least the Clovis Period. In the 1950’s Phil Orr excavated portions of the caves,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29572607" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fishbone and Crypt caves, located in the eastern Winnemucca Lake basin, may be the oldest sites in the Lahontan basin, and the only occupations dating to at least the Clovis Period. In the 1950’s Phil Orr excavated portions of the caves, discovering a rich inventory of articles. Extinct Pleistocene fauna was recovered; two horse mandibles from Fishbone Cave date to ca. 13,230 and 13,110 cal BP, while a possible cache of grasshoppers found in lakebed sediments within Crypt Cave date to 14,150 cal BP. The Center for the Study of the First Americans surveyed the eastern Winnemucca caves in 2016 to assess their condition and attempt to determine if intact Pleistocene deposits remain. Preliminary examination of the caves indicates that despite large scale looting, artifacts as well as intact deposits are present in all of the caves. Future testing of these intact sediments could verify the antiquity of the sites.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29572607" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7ba3fe2970f5b3954fb84c96f9e1b811" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50012999,"asset_id":29572607,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50012999/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3601129" href="https://tamu.academia.edu/JordanPratt">Jordan Pratt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3601129" type="text/json">{"id":3601129,"first_name":"Jordan","last_name":"Pratt","domain_name":"tamu","page_name":"JordanPratt","display_name":"Jordan Pratt","profile_url":"https://tamu.academia.edu/JordanPratt?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3601129/1256020/15931535/s65_jordan.pratt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29572607 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29572607"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29572607, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29572607", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29572607 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29572607; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29572607"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29572607 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29572607"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29572607; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29572607]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29572607").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29572607").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29572607"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41578" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherer_Archaeology">Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41578" type="text/json">{"id":41578,"name":"Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherer_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology">Great Basin Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63532" type="text/json">{"id":63532,"name":"Great Basin Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29572607]'), work: {"id":29572607,"title":"Investigation of Potential Pre‐Clovis Archaeological Sites in the Winnemucca Lake Basin, Nevada","created_at":"2016-10-31T12:40:36.786-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29572607/Investigation_of_Potential_Pre_Clovis_Archaeological_Sites_in_the_Winnemucca_Lake_Basin_Nevada?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_29572607","summary":"Fishbone and Crypt caves, located in the eastern Winnemucca Lake basin, may be the oldest sites in the Lahontan basin, and the only occupations dating to at least the Clovis Period. In the 1950’s Phil Orr excavated portions of the caves, discovering a rich inventory of articles. Extinct Pleistocene fauna was recovered; two horse mandibles from Fishbone Cave date to ca. 13,230 and 13,110 cal BP, while a possible cache of grasshoppers found in lakebed sediments within Crypt Cave date to 14,150 cal BP. The Center for the Study of the First Americans surveyed the eastern Winnemucca caves in 2016 to assess their condition and attempt to determine if intact Pleistocene deposits remain. Preliminary examination of the caves indicates that despite large scale looting, artifacts as well as intact deposits are present in all of the caves. Future testing of these intact sediments could verify the antiquity of the sites. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50012999,"asset_id":29572607,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3601129,"first_name":"Jordan","last_name":"Pratt","domain_name":"tamu","page_name":"JordanPratt","display_name":"Jordan Pratt","profile_url":"https://tamu.academia.edu/JordanPratt?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3601129/1256020/15931535/s65_jordan.pratt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":41578,"name":"Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherer_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":63532,"name":"Great Basin Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":281792,"name":"Great Basin hunter-gatherers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_hunter-gatherers?f_ri=55633"},{"id":582121,"name":"Great Basin Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Prehistory?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44978657" data-work_id="44978657" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44978657/_PNAS_2021_Dog_domestication_and_the_dual_dispersal_of_people_and_dogs_into_the_Americas">(PNAS 2021) Dog domestication and the dual dispersal of people and dogs into the Americas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Advances in the isolation and sequencing of ancient DNA have begun to reveal the population histories of both people and dogs. Over the last 10,000 y, the genetic signatures of ancient dog remains have been linked with known human... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44978657" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Advances in the isolation and sequencing of ancient DNA have begun to reveal the population histories of<br />both people and dogs. Over the last 10,000 y, the genetic signatures of ancient dog remains have been<br />linked with known human dispersals in regions such as the Arctic and the remote Pacific. It is suspected,<br />however, that this relationship has a much deeper antiquity, and that the tandem movement of people and<br />dogs may have begun soon after the domestication of the dog from a gray wolf ancestor in the late<br />Pleistocene. Here, by comparing population genetic results of humans and dogs from Siberia, Beringia,<br />and North America, we show that there is a close correlation in the movement and divergences of their<br />respective lineages. This evidence places constraints on when and where dog domestication took place.<br />Most significantly, it suggests that dogs were domesticated in Siberia by ∼23,000 y ago, possibly while<br />both people and wolves were isolated during the harsh climate of the Last Glacial Maximum. Dogs then<br />accompanied the first people into the Americas and traveled with them as humans rapidly dispersed into<br />the continent beginning ∼15,000 y ago.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44978657" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="131078" href="https://tamu.academia.edu/AngelaPerri">Angela Perri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="131078" type="text/json">{"id":131078,"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Perri","domain_name":"tamu","page_name":"AngelaPerri","display_name":"Angela Perri","profile_url":"https://tamu.academia.edu/AngelaPerri?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/131078/34945/9414362/s65_angela.perri.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44978657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44978657"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44978657, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44978657", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44978657]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44978657").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44978657").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44978657"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="142522" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestication">Domestication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="142522" type="text/json">{"id":142522,"name":"Domestication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestication?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44978657]'), work: {"id":44978657,"title":"(PNAS 2021) Dog domestication and the dual dispersal of people and dogs into the Americas","created_at":"2021-01-25T23:53:06.120-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44978657/_PNAS_2021_Dog_domestication_and_the_dual_dispersal_of_people_and_dogs_into_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_44978657","summary":"Advances in the isolation and sequencing of ancient DNA have begun to reveal the population histories of\nboth people and dogs. Over the last 10,000 y, the genetic signatures of ancient dog remains have been\nlinked with known human dispersals in regions such as the Arctic and the remote Pacific. It is suspected,\nhowever, that this relationship has a much deeper antiquity, and that the tandem movement of people and\ndogs may have begun soon after the domestication of the dog from a gray wolf ancestor in the late\nPleistocene. Here, by comparing population genetic results of humans and dogs from Siberia, Beringia,\nand North America, we show that there is a close correlation in the movement and divergences of their\nrespective lineages. This evidence places constraints on when and where dog domestication took place.\nMost significantly, it suggests that dogs were domesticated in Siberia by ∼23,000 y ago, possibly while\nboth people and wolves were isolated during the harsh climate of the Last Glacial Maximum. Dogs then\naccompanied the first people into the Americas and traveled with them as humans rapidly dispersed into\nthe continent beginning ∼15,000 y ago.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":131078,"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Perri","domain_name":"tamu","page_name":"AngelaPerri","display_name":"Angela Perri","profile_url":"https://tamu.academia.edu/AngelaPerri?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/131078/34945/9414362/s65_angela.perri.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":142522,"name":"Domestication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestication?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":166361,"name":"Archaeological dogs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_dogs?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1463449,"name":"Siberian Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siberian_Archeology?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3497175 coauthored" data-work_id="3497175" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3497175/Politis_Prates_y_Perez_El_poblamiento_de_Am%C3%A9rica_arqueolog%C3%ADa_y_bioantropolog%C3%ADa_de_los_primeros_americanos_EUDEBA_Buenos_Aires">Politis, Prates y Perez. El poblamiento de América: arqueología y bioantropología de los primeros americanos. EUDEBA, Buenos Aires</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3497175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="962af9d8141fca0e782cc619de5c9ea0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36893831,"asset_id":3497175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36893831/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1008320" href="https://unlp.academia.edu/LucianoPrates">Luciano Prates</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1008320" type="text/json">{"id":1008320,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Prates","domain_name":"unlp","page_name":"LucianoPrates","display_name":"Luciano Prates","profile_url":"https://unlp.academia.edu/LucianoPrates?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1008320/1587618/33828629/s65_luciano.prates.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-3497175">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-3497175"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://conicet.academia.edu/GustavoPolitis">Gustavo Politis</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-3497175'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-3497175').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3497175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3497175"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3497175, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3497175", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3497175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3497175; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3497175"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3497175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3497175"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3497175; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3497175]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3497175").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3497175").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3497175"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2795" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology">Landscape Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2795" type="text/json">{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6563" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argentina_History">Argentina History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6563" type="text/json">{"id":6563,"name":"Argentina History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argentina_History?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3497175]'), work: {"id":3497175,"title":"Politis, Prates y Perez. El poblamiento de América: arqueología y bioantropología de los primeros americanos. EUDEBA, Buenos Aires","created_at":"2013-05-08T22:50:17.068-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3497175/Politis_Prates_y_Perez_El_poblamiento_de_Am%C3%A9rica_arqueolog%C3%ADa_y_bioantropolog%C3%ADa_de_los_primeros_americanos_EUDEBA_Buenos_Aires?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_3497175","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36893831,"asset_id":3497175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1008320,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Prates","domain_name":"unlp","page_name":"LucianoPrates","display_name":"Luciano Prates","profile_url":"https://unlp.academia.edu/LucianoPrates?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1008320/1587618/33828629/s65_luciano.prates.jpg"},{"id":2428944,"first_name":"Gustavo","last_name":"Politis","domain_name":"conicet","page_name":"GustavoPolitis","display_name":"Gustavo Politis","profile_url":"https://conicet.academia.edu/GustavoPolitis?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2428944/763756/102117442/s65_gustavo.politis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":6563,"name":"Argentina History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argentina_History?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":38945,"name":"Arqueología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":66936,"name":"Historia Argentina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Argentina?f_ri=55633"},{"id":71380,"name":"Arqueologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia?f_ri=55633"},{"id":89509,"name":"Prehistoria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoria?f_ri=55633"},{"id":165297,"name":"Migrations as Human Mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrations_as_Human_Mobilities?f_ri=55633"},{"id":169964,"name":"Historia de los pueblos indígenas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_los_pueblos_indigenas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":193295,"name":"Early peopling of America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America?f_ri=55633"},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":212364,"name":"Pueblos Originarios","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pueblos_Originarios?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":350585,"name":"Pueblos indígenas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pueblos_ind%C3%ADgenas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":955617,"name":"Pasado Humano","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pasado_Humano?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1017842,"name":"POBLAMIENTO DE AMERICA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/POBLAMIENTO_DE_AMERICA?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1896641,"name":"Objetos Del Pasado","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Objetos_Del_Pasado?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1896642,"name":"Antiguos Pobladores","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiguos_Pobladores?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34784208" data-work_id="34784208" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34784208/El_poblamiento_inicial_de_Am%C3%A9rica_Central">El poblamiento inicial de América Central</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Publicado en la revista Anales de la Academia de Geografía e Historia de Guatemala, tomo XCI (2016): 7-27. 2017.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34784208" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c44da73b2677eed0561e0b25f474e522" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54643217,"asset_id":34784208,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54643217/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4267323" href="https://univ-antilles.academia.edu/S%C3%A9bastienPerrotMinnot">Sébastien Perrot-Minnot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4267323" type="text/json">{"id":4267323,"first_name":"Sébastien","last_name":"Perrot-Minnot","domain_name":"univ-antilles","page_name":"SébastienPerrotMinnot","display_name":"Sébastien Perrot-Minnot","profile_url":"https://univ-antilles.academia.edu/S%C3%A9bastienPerrotMinnot?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4267323/3383007/88107507/s65_s_bastien.perrot-minnot.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34784208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34784208"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34784208, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34784208", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34784208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34784208; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34784208"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34784208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34784208"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34784208; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34784208]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34784208").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34784208").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34784208"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89509" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoria">Prehistoria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="89509" type="text/json">{"id":89509,"name":"Prehistoria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoria?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="195171" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology">Paleoindian archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="195171" type="text/json">{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34784208]'), work: {"id":34784208,"title":"El poblamiento inicial de América Central","created_at":"2017-10-06T10:44:14.612-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34784208/El_poblamiento_inicial_de_Am%C3%A9rica_Central?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_34784208","summary":"Publicado en la revista Anales de la Academia de Geografía e Historia de Guatemala, tomo XCI (2016): 7-27. 2017.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54643217,"asset_id":34784208,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4267323,"first_name":"Sébastien","last_name":"Perrot-Minnot","domain_name":"univ-antilles","page_name":"SébastienPerrotMinnot","display_name":"Sébastien 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2828738" href="https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado">Bonnie L Pitblado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2828738" type="text/json">{"id":2828738,"first_name":"Bonnie","last_name":"Pitblado","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"BonniePitblado","display_name":"Bonnie L Pitblado","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2828738/925707/1158988/s65_bonnie.pitblado.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34077192">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34077192"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarthaDeeringer">Martha Deeringer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34077192'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34077192').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34077192 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34077192"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34077192, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34077192", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34077192 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34077192; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34077192"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34077192 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34077192"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34077192; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34077192]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34077192").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34077192").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34077192"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193295" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America">Early peopling of America</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="193295" type="text/json">{"id":193295,"name":"Early peopling of America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34077192]'), work: {"id":34077192,"title":"Bonnie Pitblado: A Passion for Peaks, Paleoamericans, and Public Archaeology","created_at":"2017-07-30T06:26:28.893-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34077192/Bonnie_Pitblado_A_Passion_for_Peaks_Paleoamericans_and_Public_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_34077192","summary":"Profile of Bonnie Pitblado in \"Mammoth Trumpet,\" Volume 32, Number 3, pp. 15-20. Author: Martha Deeringer.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54011904,"asset_id":34077192,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2828738,"first_name":"Bonnie","last_name":"Pitblado","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"BonniePitblado","display_name":"Bonnie L Pitblado","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2828738/925707/1158988/s65_bonnie.pitblado.jpg"},{"id":52579317,"first_name":"Martha","last_name":"Deeringer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarthaDeeringer","display_name":"Martha Deeringer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarthaDeeringer?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52579317/15075611/18505606/s65_martha.deeringer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":193295,"name":"Early peopling of America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":205664,"name":"Paleoindians, Paleolithic, Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians_Paleolithic_Clovis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"},{"id":429544,"name":"Paleoindian Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_Research?f_ri=55633"},{"id":651190,"name":"Rocky Mountain Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rocky_Mountain_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12645256" data-work_id="12645256" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12645256/A_Response_to_the_paper_entitled_The_CINMAR_discovery_and_the_proposed_pre_Late_Glacial_Maximum_occupation_of_North_America_by_Three_University_of_Missouri_Scholars_">A Response to the paper entitled “The CINMAR discovery and the proposed pre-Late Glacial Maximum occupation of North America” by Three University of Missouri “Scholars”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The information presented in this summary was compiled to serve as a response to an article written by Metin Eren, Matthew Boulanger, and Michael J. O'Brien which appeared in the JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12645256" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="29a7966759324c2d5c17d8a600bb0429" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55534661,"asset_id":12645256,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55534661/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2817549" href="https://si.academia.edu/DarrinLowery">Darrin Lowery</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2817549" type="text/json">{"id":2817549,"first_name":"Darrin","last_name":"Lowery","domain_name":"si","page_name":"DarrinLowery","display_name":"Darrin Lowery","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/DarrinLowery?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2817549/990298/15490945/s65_darrin.lowery.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12645256 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12645256"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12645256, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12645256", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12645256 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12645256; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12645256"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12645256 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12645256"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12645256; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12645256]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12645256").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12645256").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12645256"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5053" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_Archaeology_">North American (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5053" type="text/json">{"id":5053,"name":"North American (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northeastern_North_America_Archaeology_">Northeastern North America (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5054" type="text/json">{"id":5054,"name":"Northeastern North America (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northeastern_North_America_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13649" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_archaeology">North American archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13649" type="text/json">{"id":13649,"name":"North American archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12645256]'), work: {"id":12645256,"title":"A Response to the paper entitled “The CINMAR discovery and the proposed pre-Late Glacial Maximum occupation of North America” by Three University of Missouri “Scholars”","created_at":"2015-05-28T04:16:19.218-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12645256/A_Response_to_the_paper_entitled_The_CINMAR_discovery_and_the_proposed_pre_Late_Glacial_Maximum_occupation_of_North_America_by_Three_University_of_Missouri_Scholars_?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_12645256","summary":"The information presented in this summary was compiled to serve as a response to an article written by Metin Eren, Matthew Boulanger, and Michael J. O'Brien which appeared in the JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55534661,"asset_id":12645256,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2817549,"first_name":"Darrin","last_name":"Lowery","domain_name":"si","page_name":"DarrinLowery","display_name":"Darrin Lowery","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/DarrinLowery?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2817549/990298/15490945/s65_darrin.lowery.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":5053,"name":"North American (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":5054,"name":"Northeastern North America (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northeastern_North_America_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":13649,"name":"North American archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":18088,"name":"Southeastern Archaeology (Archaeology in North America)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeastern_Archaeology_Archaeology_in_North_America_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"},{"id":796899,"name":"Chesapeake Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chesapeake_Prehistory?f_ri=55633"},{"id":901824,"name":"Archaeology of the Middle Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Middle_Atlantic?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70170600 coauthored" data-work_id="70170600" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70170600/Archaeological_Recovery_of_Late_Pleistocene_Hair_and_Environmental_DNA_from_Interior_Alaska">Archaeological Recovery of Late Pleistocene Hair and Environmental DNA from Interior Alaska</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ancient hair and remnant plant DNA are important environmental proxies that preserve for millennia in specific archaeological contexts. However, recovery has been rare from late Pleistocene sites and more may be found if deliberately... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70170600" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ancient hair and remnant plant DNA are important environmental proxies that preserve for millennia in specific archaeological contexts. However, recovery has been rare from late Pleistocene sites and more may be found if deliberately sought. Once discovered, singular hair fragments are not easily identified to taxa through comparative analyses and environmental DNA (eDNA) extraction can be difficult depending on preservation or contamination. In this paper, we present our methods for the combined recovery of ancient hair specimens and eDNA from sediments to improve our understanding of late Pleistocene environments from the Holzman site along Shaw Creek in interior Alaska. The approach serves as a useful case study for learning more about local environmental changes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70170600" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a569ac3edcf13d973e81651e627cb4d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80119737,"asset_id":70170600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80119737/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2613476" href="https://adelphi.academia.edu/BrianWygal">Brian Wygal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2613476" type="text/json">{"id":2613476,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Wygal","domain_name":"adelphi","page_name":"BrianWygal","display_name":"Brian Wygal","profile_url":"https://adelphi.academia.edu/BrianWygal?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2613476/826563/1027276/s65_brian.wygal.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-70170600">+4</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-70170600"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uaf.academia.edu/ChuckHolmes">Charles Holmes</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://dri.academia.edu/TeresaWriston">Teresa Wriston</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uaf.academia.edu/BarbaraCrass">Barbara Crass</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DaveMcMahan">Dave McMahan</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-70170600'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-70170600').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70170600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70170600"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70170600; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70170600]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70170600").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70170600").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70170600"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77508" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Pleistocene">Late Pleistocene</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="77508" type="text/json">{"id":77508,"name":"Late Pleistocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Pleistocene?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70170600]'), work: {"id":70170600,"title":"Archaeological Recovery of Late Pleistocene Hair and Environmental DNA from Interior Alaska","created_at":"2022-01-31T10:20:38.662-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70170600/Archaeological_Recovery_of_Late_Pleistocene_Hair_and_Environmental_DNA_from_Interior_Alaska?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_70170600","summary":"Ancient hair and remnant plant DNA are important environmental proxies that preserve for millennia in specific archaeological contexts. However, recovery has been rare from late Pleistocene sites and more may be found if deliberately sought. Once discovered, singular hair fragments are not easily identified to taxa through comparative analyses and environmental DNA (eDNA) extraction can be difficult depending on preservation or contamination. In this paper, we present our methods for the combined recovery of ancient hair specimens and eDNA from sediments to improve our understanding of late Pleistocene environments from the Holzman site along Shaw Creek in interior Alaska. The approach serves as a useful case study for learning more about local environmental changes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80119737,"asset_id":70170600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2613476,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Wygal","domain_name":"adelphi","page_name":"BrianWygal","display_name":"Brian Wygal","profile_url":"https://adelphi.academia.edu/BrianWygal?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2613476/826563/1027276/s65_brian.wygal.jpg"},{"id":920444,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Holmes","domain_name":"uaf","page_name":"ChuckHolmes","display_name":"Charles Holmes","profile_url":"https://uaf.academia.edu/ChuckHolmes?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/920444/343481/887344/s65_charles.holmes.jpg"},{"id":290829,"first_name":"Teresa","last_name":"Wriston","domain_name":"dri","page_name":"TeresaWriston","display_name":"Teresa Wriston","profile_url":"https://dri.academia.edu/TeresaWriston?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/290829/59316/61638/s65_teresa.wriston.jpg"},{"id":67194115,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Crass","domain_name":"uaf","page_name":"BarbaraCrass","display_name":"Barbara Crass","profile_url":"https://uaf.academia.edu/BarbaraCrass?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":7011189,"first_name":"Dave","last_name":"McMahan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DaveMcMahan","display_name":"Dave McMahan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DaveMcMahan?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7011189/30952939/28625751/s65_dave.mcmahan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":77508,"name":"Late Pleistocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Pleistocene?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":96482,"name":"Beringia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beringia?f_ri=55633"},{"id":100347,"name":"Ancient DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA?f_ri=55633"},{"id":242611,"name":"Paleoecology of Beringia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology_of_Beringia?f_ri=55633"},{"id":263537,"name":"Hair Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hair_Analysis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1212516,"name":"Environmental DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_DNA?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14432220" data-work_id="14432220" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14432220/La_fachada_atl%C3%A1ntica_como_puerta_de_ingreso_alternativa_de_la_colonizaci%C3%B3n_humana_de_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Sur_durante_la_transici%C3%B3n_Pleistoceno_Holoceno">La fachada atlántica, como puerta de ingreso alternativa de la colonización humana de América del Sur durante la transición Pleistoceno/Holoceno</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">América del Sur fue durante mucho tiempo un continente isla y si bien durante la última gran glaciación ya estaba unido a América Central, continúa hasta el presente siendo un continente netamente marítimo, rodeado por los océanos... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14432220" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">América del Sur fue durante mucho tiempo un continente isla y si bien durante la última gran glaciación ya estaba unido a América Central, continúa hasta el presente siendo un continente netamente marítimo, rodeado por los océanos Pacífico, Atlántico y el mar Caribe. Durante la<br />transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno (ca. 13–8.5 ka ap) las condiciones climáticas y ambientales<br />fueron profundas y altamente cambiantes, las mismas involucraron sensibles cambios en los<br />niveles del mar, acompañados con breves pero dramáticos episodios de expansiones glaciarias, que se conocen como el Episodio de Enfriamiento Reverso Antártico. Este evento registrado en diferentes sectores de Patagonia, Andes centrales, Amazonia, y Puna de Atacama, sería equivalente al Younger Dryas (11-10 ka ap) del hemisferio Norte. Este cuadro paleoambiental sugiere diferencias mayores entre ambos hemisferios en cuanto a la disponibilidad espacial y de recursos para las primeras ocupaciones humanas del Nuevo Mundo. En este marco es que el modelo de las adaptaciones acuáticas cobra mayor sentido como herramienta teórica para reevaluar las proposiciones vigentes sobre la colonización humana de América del Sur. En este trabajo se discuten las implicancias interpretativas del modelo de adaptaciones acuáticas junto con la información arqueológica, paleoambiental y cronológica de Sudamérica con el fin de<br />presentar una alternativa acerca del ingreso y la dispersión en el último sector del planeta colonizado por los humanos. Especial atención merecrá la información producida en el Cono<br />Sur de Sudamérica.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14432220" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4bc52169dac9bc20d7b87587517cba6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38305257,"asset_id":14432220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38305257/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1825197" href="https://unlp.academia.edu/LauraMiotti">Laura Miotti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1825197" type="text/json">{"id":1825197,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Miotti","domain_name":"unlp","page_name":"LauraMiotti","display_name":"Laura Miotti","profile_url":"https://unlp.academia.edu/LauraMiotti?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1825197/2775969/3236343/s65_laura.miotti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14432220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14432220"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14432220, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14432220", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14432220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14432220; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14432220"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14432220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14432220"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14432220; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14432220]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14432220").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14432220").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14432220"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14432220]'), work: {"id":14432220,"title":"La fachada atlántica, como puerta de ingreso alternativa de la colonización humana de América del Sur durante la transición Pleistoceno/Holoceno","created_at":"2015-07-27T05:14:28.110-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14432220/La_fachada_atl%C3%A1ntica_como_puerta_de_ingreso_alternativa_de_la_colonizaci%C3%B3n_humana_de_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Sur_durante_la_transici%C3%B3n_Pleistoceno_Holoceno?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_14432220","summary":"América del Sur fue durante mucho tiempo un continente isla y si bien durante la última gran glaciación ya estaba unido a América Central, continúa hasta el presente siendo un continente netamente marítimo, rodeado por los océanos Pacífico, Atlántico y el mar Caribe. Durante la\ntransición Pleistoceno-Holoceno (ca. 13–8.5 ka ap) las condiciones climáticas y ambientales\nfueron profundas y altamente cambiantes, las mismas involucraron sensibles cambios en los\nniveles del mar, acompañados con breves pero dramáticos episodios de expansiones glaciarias, que se conocen como el Episodio de Enfriamiento Reverso Antártico. Este evento registrado en diferentes sectores de Patagonia, Andes centrales, Amazonia, y Puna de Atacama, sería equivalente al Younger Dryas (11-10 ka ap) del hemisferio Norte. Este cuadro paleoambiental sugiere diferencias mayores entre ambos hemisferios en cuanto a la disponibilidad espacial y de recursos para las primeras ocupaciones humanas del Nuevo Mundo. En este marco es que el modelo de las adaptaciones acuáticas cobra mayor sentido como herramienta teórica para reevaluar las proposiciones vigentes sobre la colonización humana de América del Sur. En este trabajo se discuten las implicancias interpretativas del modelo de adaptaciones acuáticas junto con la información arqueológica, paleoambiental y cronológica de Sudamérica con el fin de\npresentar una alternativa acerca del ingreso y la dispersión en el último sector del planeta colonizado por los humanos. Especial atención merecrá la información producida en el Cono\nSur de Sudamérica.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38305257,"asset_id":14432220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1825197,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Miotti","domain_name":"unlp","page_name":"LauraMiotti","display_name":"Laura Miotti","profile_url":"https://unlp.academia.edu/LauraMiotti?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1825197/2775969/3236343/s65_laura.miotti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10459445 coauthored" data-work_id="10459445" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10459445/Early_Art_in_North_America_Clovis_and_later_Paleoindian_incised_artifacts_from_the_Gault_Site_Texas_41BL323_">Early Art in North America: Clovis and later Paleoindian incised artifacts from the Gault Site, Texas (41BL323)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Engraved and carved bone and stone artifacts capture our imaginations and are known worldwide from archaeological contexts, but they are seemingly rare and oftentimes difficult to recognize. While preservation issues play a role in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10459445" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Engraved and carved bone and stone artifacts capture our imaginations and are known worldwide from archaeological <br />contexts, but they are seemingly rare and oftentimes difficult to recognize. While preservation issues play a role in the limited <br />recovery of early art objects, research on incised stones and bone from the Gault site in Texas demonstrates that an <br />expectation to find such artifacts plays a key role in their identification and recovery. The presence of incised stones found by collectors at Gault alerted archaeologists to the potential for finding early art in systematic excavations. To date, 11 incised stones and one engraved bone of Paleoindian age (13,000–9,000 calibrated years before present) have been <br />recovered and of these, the Clovis artifacts are among the earliest portable art objects from secure context in North America. The presence of incised stone and bone at Gault led to the development of an examination protocol for identifying and analyzing engraved and incised artifacts that can be applied to a wide variety of archaeological contexts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10459445" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98ba169dc24897f5e3b8f474df940b0b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36493078,"asset_id":10459445,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36493078/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3313683" href="https://uwm.academia.edu/AshleyLemke">Ashley Lemke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3313683" type="text/json">{"id":3313683,"first_name":"Ashley","last_name":"Lemke","domain_name":"uwm","page_name":"AshleyLemke","display_name":"Ashley Lemke","profile_url":"https://uwm.academia.edu/AshleyLemke?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3313683/1105688/61076599/s65_ashley.lemke.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-10459445">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-10459445"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://utexas.academia.edu/DClarkWernecke">D. Clark Wernecke</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-10459445'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-10459445').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10459445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10459445"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10459445, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10459445", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10459445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10459445; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10459445"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10459445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10459445"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10459445; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10459445]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10459445").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10459445").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10459445"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26153" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Art">Prehistoric Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26153" type="text/json">{"id":26153,"name":"Prehistoric Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Art?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32948" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_">Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32948" type="text/json">{"id":32948,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10459445]'), work: {"id":10459445,"title":"Early Art in North America: Clovis and later Paleoindian incised artifacts from the Gault Site, Texas (41BL323)","created_at":"2015-02-02T10:32:39.456-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10459445/Early_Art_in_North_America_Clovis_and_later_Paleoindian_incised_artifacts_from_the_Gault_Site_Texas_41BL323_?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_10459445","summary":"Engraved and carved bone and stone artifacts capture our imaginations and are known worldwide from archaeological\r\ncontexts, but they are seemingly rare and oftentimes difficult to recognize. While preservation issues play a role in the limited\r\nrecovery of early art objects, research on incised stones and bone from the Gault site in Texas demonstrates that an\r\nexpectation to find such artifacts plays a key role in their identification and recovery. The presence of incised stones found by collectors at Gault alerted archaeologists to the potential for finding early art in systematic excavations. To date, 11 incised stones and one engraved bone of Paleoindian age (13,000–9,000 calibrated years before present) have been\r\nrecovered and of these, the Clovis artifacts are among the earliest portable art objects from secure context in North America. The presence of incised stone and bone at Gault led to the development of an examination protocol for identifying and analyzing engraved and incised artifacts that can be applied to a wide variety of archaeological contexts.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36493078,"asset_id":10459445,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3313683,"first_name":"Ashley","last_name":"Lemke","domain_name":"uwm","page_name":"AshleyLemke","display_name":"Ashley Lemke","profile_url":"https://uwm.academia.edu/AshleyLemke?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3313683/1105688/61076599/s65_ashley.lemke.jpg"},{"id":3668689,"first_name":"D. Clark","last_name":"Wernecke","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"DClarkWernecke","display_name":"D. Clark Wernecke","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/DClarkWernecke?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3668689/1297856/1612905/s65_d._clark.wernecke.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":26153,"name":"Prehistoric Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Art?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":32948,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":41578,"name":"Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherer_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":41774,"name":"Prehistoric Rock Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Rock_Art?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":225722,"name":"Bone Modification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Modification?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":499334,"name":"Folsom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folsom?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27105400" data-work_id="27105400" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27105400/Estudo_arqueo_ecolingu%C3%ADstico_das_terras_tropicais_sul_americanas_2a_atualiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Outubro_de_2017_">Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (2ª atualização, Outubro de 2017)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This research aims to present a diachronic model of linguistic diversity in the tropical region of South America, as well as to map the interaction spheres that arose therein during prehistory. For this purpose the Archaeo-Ecolinguistics... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27105400" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This research aims to present a diachronic model of linguistic diversity in the tropical region of South America, as well as to map the interaction spheres that arose therein during prehistory. For this purpose the Archaeo-Ecolinguistics approach was chosen, which is characterized by compiling and integrating linguistic, archaeological, anthropological, (ethno)-historical and genetic data representative of the study area, so that the evidences used to support this explanatory model are multidimensional and hence less susceptible to interpretative ambiguity. In addition, this study attempts to deepen the theoretical foundations of the field of research known as Ecolinguistics and by focusing on its diachronic dimension, proposes the incorporation of an archaeological interface this investigative platform. This new discipline was, then, called Archaeo-Ecolinguistics. The dissertation contains three parts and five chapters. Part I, consisting of two chapters, is a breakdown of the theoretical and epistemological foundations. In §1 non-linguistic concepts underlying Ecolinguistics studies are presented and in §2 a comprehensive description of the linguistic concepts underlying this emergent field of research is presented. Part II, consisting of three chapters, focuses on the presentation of the aforementioned diachronic model. §3 is an archaeo-ecolinguistic characterization of the study area by its physical and human geographies. To portray the human geography in its diachronic dimension, a reconstruction of the ethno-linguistic diversity at the time of European invasion is offered in association with a detailed archaeological panorama. In §4 the data and the linguistic analyses are presented, highlighting the ethnolinguistic groups that have been in contact for some time in prehistory and §5 encloses the formalization of the aforementioned archaeo-ecolinguistic model along with the mapping of the interaction spheres that have emerged during that period. Finally, Part III presents some additional conclusions based on the aforementioned results. These results show a wide range of contact situations and point that two opposite tendencies developed respectively in the Andes and in the tropical Lowlands east of the Andes: while in the Andes there was a trend towards linguistic homogenization, in the Lowlands east of the Andes the observed trend was towards an acceleration of linguistic diversification. By combining the multidisciplinary data it was concluded (i) that the opposite evolutionary behaviors detected in these two areas were directly motivated by distinctive features observed in the three ranges (physical, social and mental) of the reconstructed linguistic ecosystems circumscribed in each of these regions and (ii) that this opposite tendency was strengthened by the synergetic effect caused by the continuous feedback of such peculiarities. These observations, in short, prove the veracity of the multidimensional nature of the EFL and that linguistic evolution is intrinsically dependent and effectively motivated by the conjuncture of all the dimensions of reality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27105400" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6da37789e856939589bcf4ae78455a1c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55384361,"asset_id":27105400,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55384361/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="196744" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/MarceloJolkesky">Marcelo Jolkesky</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="196744" type="text/json">{"id":196744,"first_name":"Marcelo","last_name":"Jolkesky","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"MarceloJolkesky","display_name":"Marcelo Jolkesky","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/MarceloJolkesky?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/196744/46824/18670874/s65_marcelo.jolkesky.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27105400 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27105400"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27105400, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27105400", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27105400 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27105400; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27105400"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27105400 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27105400"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27105400; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27105400]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27105400").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27105400").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27105400"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1207" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics">Historical Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1207" type="text/json">{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1789" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andean_Archaeology">Andean Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1789" type="text/json">{"id":1789,"name":"Andean Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andean_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12440" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonian_Archaeology">Amazonian Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12440" type="text/json">{"id":12440,"name":"Amazonian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonian_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15405" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonian_Languages">Amazonian Languages</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15405" type="text/json">{"id":15405,"name":"Amazonian Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonian_Languages?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27105400]'), work: {"id":27105400,"title":"Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (2ª atualização, Outubro de 2017)","created_at":"2016-07-19T10:26:06.452-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27105400/Estudo_arqueo_ecolingu%C3%ADstico_das_terras_tropicais_sul_americanas_2a_atualiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Outubro_de_2017_?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_27105400","summary":"This research aims to present a diachronic model of linguistic diversity in the tropical region of South America, as well as to map the interaction spheres that arose therein during prehistory. For this purpose the Archaeo-Ecolinguistics approach was chosen, which is characterized by compiling and integrating linguistic, archaeological, anthropological, (ethno)-historical and genetic data representative of the study area, so that the evidences used to support this explanatory model are multidimensional and hence less susceptible to interpretative ambiguity. In addition, this study attempts to deepen the theoretical foundations of the field of research known as Ecolinguistics and by focusing on its diachronic dimension, proposes the incorporation of an archaeological interface this investigative platform. This new discipline was, then, called Archaeo-Ecolinguistics. The dissertation contains three parts and five chapters. Part I, consisting of two chapters, is a breakdown of the theoretical and epistemological foundations. In §1 non-linguistic concepts underlying Ecolinguistics studies are presented and in §2 a comprehensive description of the linguistic concepts underlying this emergent field of research is presented. Part II, consisting of three chapters, focuses on the presentation of the aforementioned diachronic model. §3 is an archaeo-ecolinguistic characterization of the study area by its physical and human geographies. To portray the human geography in its diachronic dimension, a reconstruction of the ethno-linguistic diversity at the time of European invasion is offered in association with a detailed archaeological panorama. In §4 the data and the linguistic analyses are presented, highlighting the ethnolinguistic groups that have been in contact for some time in prehistory and §5 encloses the formalization of the aforementioned archaeo-ecolinguistic model along with the mapping of the interaction spheres that have emerged during that period. Finally, Part III presents some additional conclusions based on the aforementioned results. These results show a wide range of contact situations and point that two opposite tendencies developed respectively in the Andes and in the tropical Lowlands east of the Andes: while in the Andes there was a trend towards linguistic homogenization, in the Lowlands east of the Andes the observed trend was towards an acceleration of linguistic diversification. By combining the multidisciplinary data it was concluded (i) that the opposite evolutionary behaviors detected in these two areas were directly motivated by distinctive features observed in the three ranges (physical, social and mental) of the reconstructed linguistic ecosystems circumscribed in each of these regions and (ii) that this opposite tendency was strengthened by the synergetic effect caused by the continuous feedback of such peculiarities. These observations, in short, prove the veracity of the multidimensional nature of the EFL and that linguistic evolution is intrinsically dependent and effectively motivated by the conjuncture of all the dimensions of reality.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55384361,"asset_id":27105400,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":48149639,"asset_id":27105400,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":196744,"first_name":"Marcelo","last_name":"Jolkesky","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"MarceloJolkesky","display_name":"Marcelo Jolkesky","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/MarceloJolkesky?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/196744/46824/18670874/s65_marcelo.jolkesky.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":1789,"name":"Andean Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andean_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":12440,"name":"Amazonian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonian_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":15405,"name":"Amazonian Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonian_Languages?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":17645,"name":"South American indigenous languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_American_indigenous_languages?f_ri=55633"},{"id":17814,"name":"Language Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Ecology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":19722,"name":"Andean Prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andean_Prehistory_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":22084,"name":"Ecolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecolinguistics?f_ri=55633"},{"id":42147,"name":"Andean Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andean_Languages?f_ri=55633"},{"id":50796,"name":"Language contact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_contact?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":58339,"name":"Andean studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andean_studies?f_ri=55633"},{"id":64268,"name":"South American Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_American_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":80151,"name":"South American Indians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_American_Indians?f_ri=55633"},{"id":131491,"name":"Arqueologia amazônica, período Formativo, grupos horticultores","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia_amazonica_periodo_Formativo_grupos_horticultores?f_ri=55633"},{"id":247414,"name":"Formative Andean archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formative_Andean_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":417173,"name":"Arqueología Amazónica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia_Amazonica?f_ri=55633"},{"id":559786,"name":"South American Indian Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_American_Indian_Languages?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34362671" data-work_id="34362671" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34362671/The_role_of_the_Rocky_Mountains_in_the_peopling_of_North_America">The role of the Rocky Mountains in the peopling of North America</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper argues that the Rocky Mountains played a significantly more important role in the process of the peopling of the New World than archaeologists have traditionally recognized. Although First Americans did not reach the Rockies... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34362671" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper argues that the Rocky Mountains played a significantly more important role in the process of the peopling of the New World than archaeologists have traditionally recognized. Although First Americans did not reach the Rockies before they set foot in any other New World regiondthey could not have, regardless of their point of entrydby Clovis time, evidence suggests that Clovis people knew the Rocky Mountain landscape intimately. Archaeologists should have long anticipated this, given the many resources the Rocky Mountains offer that adjacent, albeit archaeologically better-known regions such as the Plains and some parts of the Far West do not; at least not as ubiquitously. These include plentiful water in the form of streams, lakes, snowpack, and glaciers; high-quality sources of obsidian, chert, quartzite and other knappable stone; and a vertically oriented landscape that maximizes floral and faunal diversity within comparatively condensed space. Two other non-economic characteristics likely contributed significantly to the appeal of the Rocky Mountains to some First Americans: the power and sanctity nearly all humans attribute to mountains, and the seemingly little-recognized fact that northeast Asian Upper Paleolithic people who populated the New World during the terminal Pleistocene occupied mountainous landscapes for some 45,000 years prior to their departure. For many First Americans, mountainsdnot the flat, windswept tundra of Si-berian stereotypesdhad always been home. Evidence for the familiarity of Clovis groups with the Rocky Mountain landscapes comes principally from three Clovis caches: Anzick, Fenn, and Mahaffy. All three caches are located in the Rockies, collectively contain artifacts made from ten of the highest-quality stone raw materials available in the Southern, Central and Northern Rockies, and at least one of the caches accompanies the burial of a young child who appears to have been interred intentionally on a prominent and likely sacred landform in a mountain valley. Bringing the paper's argument full circle, that same child's genetic profile shows a direct link to that of another youngster buried thousands of years earlier at the Late Glacial Maximum Mal'ta site in the mountainous Trans-Baikal region of Siberia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34362671" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6acb37db2b2d1a76372ce91b428fe859" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54952435,"asset_id":34362671,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54952435/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2828738" href="https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado">Bonnie L Pitblado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2828738" type="text/json">{"id":2828738,"first_name":"Bonnie","last_name":"Pitblado","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"BonniePitblado","display_name":"Bonnie L Pitblado","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2828738/925707/1158988/s65_bonnie.pitblado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34362671 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34362671"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34362671, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34362671", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34362671 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34362671; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34362671"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34362671 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34362671"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34362671; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34362671]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34362671").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34362671").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34362671"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_Caches">Paleoindian Caches</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88086" type="text/json">{"id":88086,"name":"Paleoindian Caches","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_Caches?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193295" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America">Early peopling of America</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="193295" type="text/json">{"id":193295,"name":"Early peopling of America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34362671]'), work: {"id":34362671,"title":"The role of the Rocky Mountains in the peopling of North America","created_at":"2017-08-26T12:10:17.945-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34362671/The_role_of_the_Rocky_Mountains_in_the_peopling_of_North_America?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_34362671","summary":"This paper argues that the Rocky Mountains played a significantly more important role in the process of the peopling of the New World than archaeologists have traditionally recognized. Although First Americans did not reach the Rockies before they set foot in any other New World regiondthey could not have, regardless of their point of entrydby Clovis time, evidence suggests that Clovis people knew the Rocky Mountain landscape intimately. Archaeologists should have long anticipated this, given the many resources the Rocky Mountains offer that adjacent, albeit archaeologically better-known regions such as the Plains and some parts of the Far West do not; at least not as ubiquitously. These include plentiful water in the form of streams, lakes, snowpack, and glaciers; high-quality sources of obsidian, chert, quartzite and other knappable stone; and a vertically oriented landscape that maximizes floral and faunal diversity within comparatively condensed space. Two other non-economic characteristics likely contributed significantly to the appeal of the Rocky Mountains to some First Americans: the power and sanctity nearly all humans attribute to mountains, and the seemingly little-recognized fact that northeast Asian Upper Paleolithic people who populated the New World during the terminal Pleistocene occupied mountainous landscapes for some 45,000 years prior to their departure. For many First Americans, mountainsdnot the flat, windswept tundra of Si-berian stereotypesdhad always been home. Evidence for the familiarity of Clovis groups with the Rocky Mountain landscapes comes principally from three Clovis caches: Anzick, Fenn, and Mahaffy. All three caches are located in the Rockies, collectively contain artifacts made from ten of the highest-quality stone raw materials available in the Southern, Central and Northern Rockies, and at least one of the caches accompanies the burial of a young child who appears to have been interred intentionally on a prominent and likely sacred landform in a mountain valley. Bringing the paper's argument full circle, that same child's genetic profile shows a direct link to that of another youngster buried thousands of years earlier at the Late Glacial Maximum Mal'ta site in the mountainous Trans-Baikal region of Siberia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54952435,"asset_id":34362671,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2828738,"first_name":"Bonnie","last_name":"Pitblado","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"BonniePitblado","display_name":"Bonnie L Pitblado","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2828738/925707/1158988/s65_bonnie.pitblado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":88086,"name":"Paleoindian Caches","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_Caches?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":193295,"name":"Early peopling of America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":203654,"name":"Paleoindian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian?f_ri=55633"},{"id":205664,"name":"Paleoindians, Paleolithic, Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians_Paleolithic_Clovis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":429544,"name":"Paleoindian Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_Research?f_ri=55633"},{"id":559690,"name":"PaleoIndian adaptations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PaleoIndian_adaptations?f_ri=55633"},{"id":651190,"name":"Rocky Mountain Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rocky_Mountain_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":735510,"name":"Peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1584128,"name":"Origins of New World Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_New_World_Peoples?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20036549" data-work_id="20036549" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20036549/Los_Primeros_Mexicanos_Late_Pleistocene_and_Early_Holocene_People_of_Sonora_Mexico_Anthropological_Papers_of_the_University_of_Arizona_Number_76_S%C3%A1nchez_2016_">Los Primeros Mexicanos: Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene People of Sonora, Mexico. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona Number 76 (Sánchez 2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BOOK SUMMARY Complete book, libro completo Traditionally Mexico is identified as a significant region for understanding the colonization of the continent, his territory is shape as a funnel, if the first Americans move inland from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20036549" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BOOK SUMMARY  Complete book, libro completo <br />Traditionally Mexico is identified as a significant region for understanding the colonization of the continent, his territory is shape as a funnel, if the first Americans move inland from Beringa to South America they had to cross Mexico. The archaeological record of the first people of Mexico -with the exception of the state of Sonora- is scarce and the information generated until today is confusing and little systematic. A synthesis of the current archaeological data of the people of Mexico is presented here. The state of Sonora presents a remarkably pristine setting for studying the late Pleistocene occupation of North America. The early archaeological record in Sonora is stunning in terms of its relative abundance and only within the past ten years has this fact become evident. The Paleo-Indian sites are concentrated in north-central Sonora on and surrounding, the Llanos de Hermosillo; here a summary of the sites studied is presented. A large collection of Clovis artifacts were collected from the sites and a lithic technological study is presented.  The settlement pattern appears to indicate that the Sonoran Clovis groups depended and exploited a wide range of environments, and their diet was based upon a wide variety of foodstuffs. The Clovis groups of Sonora developed a sophisticated settlement pattern and land use determined largely on the water resources, the location of lithic sources for tool making, large prey animals and a mosaic of edible plants and small animals. Exploiting an extensive territory probably permitted them to remain in the same region for longer periods of time. The presence of only few late Paleo-Indian diagnostic points could represent the decrease of population density in Sonora, but most likely it is an indication that after Clovis a regionalization of the hunter and gather groups took place in Sonora. The Sonoran Clovis occupation is a testimony that multiple regional Clovis adaptations emerged each with specific responses to plants, animals and diverse regional resources.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20036549" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db6c37bb0db66af33fcdab78e4003a6b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64396721,"asset_id":20036549,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64396721/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1523175" href="https://inah.academia.edu/GuadalupeSanchez">Guadalupe Sanchez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1523175" type="text/json">{"id":1523175,"first_name":"Guadalupe","last_name":"Sanchez","domain_name":"inah","page_name":"GuadalupeSanchez","display_name":"Guadalupe Sanchez","profile_url":"https://inah.academia.edu/GuadalupeSanchez?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1523175/539440/86323947/s65_guadalupe.sanchez.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20036549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20036549"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20036549, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20036549", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20036549]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20036549").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20036549").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20036549"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22562" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southwestern_Archaeology">Southwestern Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22562" type="text/json">{"id":22562,"name":"Southwestern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southwestern_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55632" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Paleoindian_toolkit">The Paleoindian toolkit</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55632" type="text/json">{"id":55632,"name":"The Paleoindian toolkit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Paleoindian_toolkit?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20036549]'), work: {"id":20036549,"title":"Los Primeros Mexicanos: Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene People of Sonora, Mexico. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona Number 76 (Sánchez 2016)","created_at":"2016-01-05T06:26:06.812-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20036549/Los_Primeros_Mexicanos_Late_Pleistocene_and_Early_Holocene_People_of_Sonora_Mexico_Anthropological_Papers_of_the_University_of_Arizona_Number_76_S%C3%A1nchez_2016_?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_20036549","summary":"BOOK SUMMARY Complete book, libro completo \nTraditionally Mexico is identified as a significant region for understanding the colonization of the continent, his territory is shape as a funnel, if the first Americans move inland from Beringa to South America they had to cross Mexico. The archaeological record of the first people of Mexico -with the exception of the state of Sonora- is scarce and the information generated until today is confusing and little systematic. A synthesis of the current archaeological data of the people of Mexico is presented here. The state of Sonora presents a remarkably pristine setting for studying the late Pleistocene occupation of North America. The early archaeological record in Sonora is stunning in terms of its relative abundance and only within the past ten years has this fact become evident. The Paleo-Indian sites are concentrated in north-central Sonora on and surrounding, the Llanos de Hermosillo; here a summary of the sites studied is presented. A large collection of Clovis artifacts were collected from the sites and a lithic technological study is presented. The settlement pattern appears to indicate that the Sonoran Clovis groups depended and exploited a wide range of environments, and their diet was based upon a wide variety of foodstuffs. The Clovis groups of Sonora developed a sophisticated settlement pattern and land use determined largely on the water resources, the location of lithic sources for tool making, large prey animals and a mosaic of edible plants and small animals. Exploiting an extensive territory probably permitted them to remain in the same region for longer periods of time. The presence of only few late Paleo-Indian diagnostic points could represent the decrease of population density in Sonora, but most likely it is an indication that after Clovis a regionalization of the hunter and gather groups took place in Sonora. The Sonoran Clovis occupation is a testimony that multiple regional Clovis adaptations emerged each with specific responses to plants, animals and diverse regional resources.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64396721,"asset_id":20036549,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1523175,"first_name":"Guadalupe","last_name":"Sanchez","domain_name":"inah","page_name":"GuadalupeSanchez","display_name":"Guadalupe Sanchez","profile_url":"https://inah.academia.edu/GuadalupeSanchez?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1523175/539440/86323947/s65_guadalupe.sanchez.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":22562,"name":"Southwestern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southwestern_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55632,"name":"The Paleoindian toolkit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Paleoindian_toolkit?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":241244,"name":"Northern Mexico Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northern_Mexico_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11885083" data-work_id="11885083" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11885083/The_Millennium_Before_Clovis">The Millennium Before Clovis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper reviews the published information, uncertainties about claims, and possible technological and cultural relationships of a sample of sites which have older-than-Clovis dates in North America. The goal is to trace the origins of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11885083" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper reviews the published information, uncertainties about claims, and possible technological and cultural relationships of a sample of sites which have older-than-Clovis dates in North America.  The goal is to trace the origins of “Classic” Clovis techno-cultural patterns.  Some sites in the sample contain lithic artifacts and some do not.  Production technology and artifact characteristics in a number of the lithic sites (such as Debra Friedkin and possibly Page-Ladsen) may be evidence of Clovis ancestry, but the lithic materials in most pre-Clovis sites cannot be explicitly linked to Clovis.  A few nonlithics sites (such as Manis, Firelands, and Lindsay) may indicate a pre-Clovis pattern of large-mammal exploitation foreshadowing a later Clovis trait.  Overall, the available data are incomplete or ambiguous, and, as a result, individual interpretations have produced incompatible models of Clovis origins.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11885083" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="04f0d121ecba7314e4d2faa3ed958c31" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38983375,"asset_id":11885083,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38983375/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3422986" href="https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GaryHaynes">Gary Haynes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3422986" type="text/json">{"id":3422986,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Haynes","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"GaryHaynes","display_name":"Gary Haynes","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GaryHaynes?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3422986/1163292/2444128/s65_gary.haynes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11885083 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11885083"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11885083, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11885083", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11885083 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11885083; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11885083"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11885083 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11885083"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11885083; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11885083]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11885083").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11885083").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11885083"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193295" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America">Early peopling of America</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="193295" type="text/json">{"id":193295,"name":"Early peopling of America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236101" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World">Peopling of the New World</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="236101" type="text/json">{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11885083]'), work: {"id":11885083,"title":"The Millennium Before Clovis","created_at":"2015-04-10T07:22:10.263-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11885083/The_Millennium_Before_Clovis?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_11885083","summary":"This paper reviews the published information, uncertainties about claims, and possible technological and cultural relationships of a sample of sites which have older-than-Clovis dates in North America. The goal is to trace the origins of “Classic” Clovis techno-cultural patterns. Some sites in the sample contain lithic artifacts and some do not. Production technology and artifact characteristics in a number of the lithic sites (such as Debra Friedkin and possibly Page-Ladsen) may be evidence of Clovis ancestry, but the lithic materials in most pre-Clovis sites cannot be explicitly linked to Clovis. A few nonlithics sites (such as Manis, Firelands, and Lindsay) may indicate a pre-Clovis pattern of large-mammal exploitation foreshadowing a later Clovis trait. Overall, the available data are incomplete or ambiguous, and, as a result, individual interpretations have produced incompatible models of Clovis origins. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38983375,"asset_id":11885083,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3422986,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Haynes","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"GaryHaynes","display_name":"Gary Haynes","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GaryHaynes?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3422986/1163292/2444128/s65_gary.haynes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":193295,"name":"Early peopling of America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":280990,"name":"Pre Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre_Clovis?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31136534" data-work_id="31136534" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31136534/The_Terminal_Pleistocene_Early_Holocene_Record_in_the_Northwestern_Great_Basin_What_We_Know_What_We_Dont_Know_and_How_We_May_Be_Wrong">The Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Record in the Northwestern Great Basin: What We Know, What We Don't Know, and How We May Be Wrong</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Great Basin has traditionally not featured prominently in discussions of how and when the New World was colonized; however, in recent years work at Oregon's Paisley Five Mile Point Caves and other sites has highlighted the region's... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31136534" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Great Basin has traditionally not featured prominently in discussions of how and when the New World was colonized; however, in recent years work at Oregon's Paisley Five Mile Point Caves and other sites has highlighted the region's importance to ongoing debates about the peopling of the Americas. In this paper, we outline our current understanding of Paleoindian lifeways in the northwestern Great Basin, focusing primarily on developments in the past 20 years. We highlight several potential biases that have shaped traditional interpretations of Paleoindian lifeways and suggest that the foundations of ethnographically-documented behavior were present in the earliest period of human history in the region.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31136534" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdff374fd142f250b7df366c48c13b5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51570455,"asset_id":31136534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51570455/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5943018" href="https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GeoffreySmith">Geoffrey Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5943018" type="text/json">{"id":5943018,"first_name":"Geoffrey","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"GeoffreySmith","display_name":"Geoffrey Smith","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GeoffreySmith?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5943018/2537522/11856487/s65_geoffrey.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31136534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31136534"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31136534, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31136534", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31136534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31136534; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31136534"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31136534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31136534"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31136534; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31136534]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31136534").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31136534").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31136534"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology">Great Basin Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="63532" type="text/json">{"id":63532,"name":"Great Basin Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="195171" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology">Paleoindian archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="195171" type="text/json">{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236101" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World">Peopling of the New World</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="236101" type="text/json">{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31136534]'), work: {"id":31136534,"title":"The Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Record in the Northwestern Great Basin: What We Know, What We Don't Know, and How We May Be Wrong","created_at":"2017-01-31T08:21:29.678-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31136534/The_Terminal_Pleistocene_Early_Holocene_Record_in_the_Northwestern_Great_Basin_What_We_Know_What_We_Dont_Know_and_How_We_May_Be_Wrong?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_31136534","summary":"The Great Basin has traditionally not featured prominently in discussions of how and when the New World was colonized; however, in recent years work at Oregon's Paisley Five Mile Point Caves and other sites has highlighted the region's importance to ongoing debates about the peopling of the Americas. In this paper, we outline our current understanding of Paleoindian lifeways in the northwestern Great Basin, focusing primarily on developments in the past 20 years. We highlight several potential biases that have shaped traditional interpretations of Paleoindian lifeways and suggest that the foundations of ethnographically-documented behavior were present in the earliest period of human history in the region.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51570455,"asset_id":31136534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5943018,"first_name":"Geoffrey","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"GeoffreySmith","display_name":"Geoffrey Smith","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GeoffreySmith?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5943018/2537522/11856487/s65_geoffrey.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":63532,"name":"Great Basin Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":351677,"name":"Oregon Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oregon_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":351682,"name":"Nevada Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nevada_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26780105 coauthored" data-work_id="26780105" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26780105/ICE_AGE_STONE_TOOLS_FROM_THE_SAN_JOAQUIN_VALLEY">ICE-AGE STONE TOOLS FROM THE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present publication consists of four manuscripts (included as chapters one through four). Initially, six chapters were planned but two authors could not meet the time constraints. Hopefully, they will be included in a subsequent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26780105" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present publication consists of four<br />manuscripts (included as chapters one through<br />four). Initially, six chapters were planned but<br />two authors could not meet the time constraints.<br />Hopefully, they will be included in a subsequent<br />TULARG publication.<br />Briefly, Chapter 1 surveys and identifies a<br />flaked stone assemblage of time-diagnostic artifacts<br />from Tulare Lake. This is the first published<br />attempt to categorize and describe Tulare<br />Lake’s Paleoindian tool kit. Chapter 2 presents<br />the initial attempts at obsidian tracing and hydration<br />dating of Tulare Lake’s ancient artifacts<br />as well as providing a small sample from China<br />Lake in eastern California. Chapter 3 critically<br />reevaluates the number of reported Clovis-like<br />projectile point discoveries from Tulare Lake<br />and finally, Chapter 4 describes a unique ground<br />stone “butterfly” crescent from the study area<br />and discusses its possible meaning, function, and<br />significance.<br />Tulare Lake, located in California’s southern<br />San Joaquin Valley midway between the San<br />Francisco Bay and the Los Angeles Basin, was<br />formed sometime during the later part of the<br />Pleistocene epoch and, over millennia, expanded<br />to cover about 760 square miles before it was<br />drained and reclaimed for agricultural crops. Artifacts<br />collected from early shorelines suggest<br />the lake supported Paleoindian people for a considerable<br />amount of time before the earliest<br />Yokuts occupation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26780105" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5eebea62333c83a506d2fbc189e729c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47056585,"asset_id":26780105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47056585/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2406262" href="https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel">Alan Garfinkel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2406262" type="text/json">{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26780105">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26780105"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GerritFenenga">Gerrit Fenenga</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26780105'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26780105').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26780105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26780105"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26780105, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26780105", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26780105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26780105; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26780105"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26780105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26780105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26780105; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26780105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26780105").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26780105").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26780105"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7101" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology">Paleoecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7101" type="text/json">{"id":7101,"name":"Paleoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26780105]'), work: {"id":26780105,"title":"ICE-AGE STONE TOOLS FROM THE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY","created_at":"2016-07-06T08:51:20.023-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26780105/ICE_AGE_STONE_TOOLS_FROM_THE_SAN_JOAQUIN_VALLEY?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_26780105","summary":"The present publication consists of four\nmanuscripts (included as chapters one through\nfour). Initially, six chapters were planned but\ntwo authors could not meet the time constraints.\nHopefully, they will be included in a subsequent\nTULARG publication.\nBriefly, Chapter 1 surveys and identifies a\nflaked stone assemblage of time-diagnostic artifacts\nfrom Tulare Lake. This is the first published\nattempt to categorize and describe Tulare\nLake’s Paleoindian tool kit. Chapter 2 presents\nthe initial attempts at obsidian tracing and hydration\ndating of Tulare Lake’s ancient artifacts\nas well as providing a small sample from China\nLake in eastern California. Chapter 3 critically\nreevaluates the number of reported Clovis-like\nprojectile point discoveries from Tulare Lake\nand finally, Chapter 4 describes a unique ground\nstone “butterfly” crescent from the study area\nand discusses its possible meaning, function, and\nsignificance.\nTulare Lake, located in California’s southern\nSan Joaquin Valley midway between the San\nFrancisco Bay and the Los Angeles Basin, was\nformed sometime during the later part of the\nPleistocene epoch and, over millennia, expanded\nto cover about 760 square miles before it was\ndrained and reclaimed for agricultural crops. Artifacts\ncollected from early shorelines suggest\nthe lake supported Paleoindian people for a considerable\namount of time before the earliest\nYokuts occupation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47056585,"asset_id":26780105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"},{"id":50840866,"first_name":"Gerrit","last_name":"Fenenga","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GerritFenenga","display_name":"Gerrit Fenenga","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GerritFenenga?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":7101,"name":"Paleoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":140612,"name":"Obsidian Hydration Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Hydration_Dating?f_ri=55633"},{"id":268155,"name":"Obsidian in Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_in_Prehistory?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18213889" data-work_id="18213889" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18213889/A_Framework_for_the_Initial_Occupation_of_the_Americas">A Framework for the Initial Occupation of the Americas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18213889" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4900dbe7bf2029e42c7c0c567b659622" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39936689,"asset_id":18213889,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39936689/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33260374" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MadsenD">D. Madsen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33260374" type="text/json">{"id":33260374,"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Madsen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MadsenD","display_name":"D. Madsen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MadsenD?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18213889 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18213889"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18213889, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18213889", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18213889 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18213889; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18213889"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18213889 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18213889"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18213889; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18213889]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18213889").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18213889").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18213889"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18213889]'), work: {"id":18213889,"title":"A Framework for the Initial Occupation of the Americas","created_at":"2015-11-12T09:05:00.601-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18213889/A_Framework_for_the_Initial_Occupation_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_18213889","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39936689,"asset_id":18213889,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33260374,"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Madsen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MadsenD","display_name":"D. Madsen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MadsenD?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40605527 coauthored" data-work_id="40605527" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40605527/International_Conference_En_desde_y_hacia_las_Am%C3%A9ricas_Migraciones_musicales_comunidades_transnacionales_historia_oral_y_memoria_cultural_II_MUSAM_SEdeM_Conference_Madrid_Universidad_Complutense_24_25_October_2019_Final_Program_">International Conference "En, desde y hacia las Américas. Migraciones musicales: comunidades transnacionales, historia oral y memoria cultural", II MUSAM/SEdeM Conference (Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 24-25 October 2019) [Final Program]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Uno de los fenómenos que más repercusión ha tenido en el devenir musical de los distintos países que hoy conforman las Américas ha sido el intenso movimiento migratorio que se inició hace siglos y se mantiene en la actualidad. Los... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40605527" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Uno de los fenómenos que más repercusión ha tenido en el devenir musical de los distintos países que hoy conforman las Américas ha sido el intenso movimiento migratorio que se inició hace siglos y se mantiene en la actualidad. Los continuos flujos migratorios en, desde y hacia el continente americano no han sido homogéneos en el tiempo ni en el espacio y han estado provocados por factores diversos: desarrollos tecnológicos, motivaciones económicas y sociopolíticas, circunstancias personales o intereses artísticos, entre otros. El II Congreso Internacional MUSAM aspira a promover nuevas perspectivas sobre el estudio del fenómeno migratorio en música hacia, desde y en las Américas, contemplando la continua circulación no solo de personas, textos y objetos materiales, sino también de prácticas, ideas, símbolos y discursos, con todo lo que ello implica en términos de imposición,  apropiación y/o negociación cultural. En el estudio de estos fenómenos se incidirá en aspectos a los que se ha prestado poca atención desde la perspectiva musicológica, tales como la creación de comunidades transnacionales por medio de la música (en las sociedades de origen y destino), la utilización de fuentes orales (u otras a caballo entre escritura y oralidad como la correspondencia privada) y los procesos de construcción de la memoria individual y colectiva, que afectan de manera directa al modo en que la música americana y su historia son escritas, transmitidas y recordadas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40605527" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="527d5402e308addae2fe1f6bc819c919" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60884482,"asset_id":40605527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60884482/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="541245" href="https://jaen.academia.edu/JavierMarinLopez">Javier Marín-López</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="541245" type="text/json">{"id":541245,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Marín-López","domain_name":"jaen","page_name":"JavierMarinLopez","display_name":"Javier Marín-López","profile_url":"https://jaen.academia.edu/JavierMarinLopez?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/541245/2929659/21124521/s65_javier.mar_n-l_pez.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40605527">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40605527"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://sedem.academia.edu/M%C3%BAsicayestudiosamericanosMUSAMSEdeM">Música y estudios americanos (MUSAM / SEdeM)</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40605527'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40605527').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40605527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40605527"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40605527, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40605527", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40605527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40605527; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40605527"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40605527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40605527"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40605527; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40605527]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40605527").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40605527").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40605527"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="685" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History">Music History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="685" type="text/json">{"id":685,"name":"Music History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6337" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_history">Oral history</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6337" type="text/json">{"id":6337,"name":"Oral history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_history?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40605527]'), work: {"id":40605527,"title":"International Conference \"En, desde y hacia las Américas. Migraciones musicales: comunidades transnacionales, historia oral y memoria cultural\", II MUSAM/SEdeM Conference (Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 24-25 October 2019) [Final Program]","created_at":"2019-10-13T02:21:15.166-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40605527/International_Conference_En_desde_y_hacia_las_Am%C3%A9ricas_Migraciones_musicales_comunidades_transnacionales_historia_oral_y_memoria_cultural_II_MUSAM_SEdeM_Conference_Madrid_Universidad_Complutense_24_25_October_2019_Final_Program_?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_40605527","summary":"Uno de los fenómenos que más repercusión ha tenido en el devenir musical de los distintos países que hoy conforman las Américas ha sido el intenso movimiento migratorio que se inició hace siglos y se mantiene en la actualidad. Los continuos flujos migratorios en, desde y hacia el continente americano no han sido homogéneos en el tiempo ni en el espacio y han estado provocados por factores diversos: desarrollos tecnológicos, motivaciones económicas y sociopolíticas, circunstancias personales o intereses artísticos, entre otros. El II Congreso Internacional MUSAM aspira a promover nuevas perspectivas sobre el estudio del fenómeno migratorio en música hacia, desde y en las Américas, contemplando la continua circulación no solo de personas, textos y objetos materiales, sino también de prácticas, ideas, símbolos y discursos, con todo lo que ello implica en términos de imposición, apropiación y/o negociación cultural. En el estudio de estos fenómenos se incidirá en aspectos a los que se ha prestado poca atención desde la perspectiva musicológica, tales como la creación de comunidades transnacionales por medio de la música (en las sociedades de origen y destino), la utilización de fuentes orales (u otras a caballo entre escritura y oralidad como la correspondencia privada) y los procesos de construcción de la memoria individual y colectiva, que afectan de manera directa al modo en que la música americana y su historia son escritas, transmitidas y recordadas. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60884482,"asset_id":40605527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":541245,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Marín-López","domain_name":"jaen","page_name":"JavierMarinLopez","display_name":"Javier Marín-López","profile_url":"https://jaen.academia.edu/JavierMarinLopez?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/541245/2929659/21124521/s65_javier.mar_n-l_pez.jpg"},{"id":285020884,"first_name":"Música y estudios americanos","last_name":"(MUSAM / SEdeM)","domain_name":"sedem","page_name":"MúsicayestudiosamericanosMUSAMSEdeM","display_name":"Música y estudios americanos (MUSAM / SEdeM)","profile_url":"https://sedem.academia.edu/M%C3%BAsicayestudiosamericanosMUSAMSEdeM?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/285020884/132709686/122134721/s65_m_sica_y_estudios_americanos_musam.sedem.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":685,"name":"Music History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":6337,"name":"Oral history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_history?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":11452,"name":"Memory Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Studies?f_ri=55633"},{"id":11483,"name":"Cultural Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Memory?f_ri=55633"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=55633"},{"id":16472,"name":"Transnational migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_migration?f_ri=55633"},{"id":16958,"name":"Latin American Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Music?f_ri=55633"},{"id":24405,"name":"Translational Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translational_Research?f_ri=55633"},{"id":29324,"name":"Latin American Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":77969,"name":"Identity and Alterity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_and_Alterity?f_ri=55633"},{"id":114566,"name":"Historia Cultural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Cultural?f_ri=55633"},{"id":183921,"name":"Cross-Cultural Negotiations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Negotiations?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33044674 coauthored" data-work_id="33044674" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33044674/_Great_Spirits_of_All_Who_Lived_Before_Exploring_the_Original_Peopling_of_the_Americas_Through_the_Examination_of_Paleoindian_Skeletal_Remains">“Great Spirits of All Who Lived Before”: Exploring the Original Peopling of the Americas Through the Examination of Paleoindian Skeletal Remains</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The original peopling of the Americas has puzzled researchers for decades. While some evidence points to a single wave of migration, still other data suggests two or more waves. Their reasonable estimated arrival dates range from 14,500... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33044674" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The original peopling of the Americas has puzzled researchers for decades. While some evidence points to a single wave of migration, still other data suggests two or more waves. Their reasonable estimated arrival dates range from 14,500 to over 20,000 BP, although some scholars push back their arrival even farther. Drawing from archaeology, genetics, historical linguistics, and physical anthropology, the peopling of the Americas debate encompasses research from a wide range of experts. In this study, craniometric data is examined through the means of the cranial index, defined as the ratio calculated by multiplying the maximum width (XCB) of the head by 100, then dividing by the maximum length of the head (GOL). Cranial indices are known to vary between different regions of the world, suggesting that different ratios represent different geographic affinities of peoples. I examine cranial indices from 112 individuals dating from the Terminal Pleistocene to the Early Holocene found throughout the Americas. These indices are then compared to the 2,524 indices from 30 populations examined in the Howells Craniometric Data Set using basic statistical functions. Results of these tests suggest morphological affinities between certain ancient and modern groups, offering insight into possible links between the two populations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33044674" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e47be8cce0e3ded6df40cb283319c38f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54307475,"asset_id":33044674,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54307475/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28180683" href="https://mercyhurst.academia.edu/HannahMatulek">Hannah E . Matulek, M.S.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28180683" type="text/json">{"id":28180683,"first_name":"Hannah","last_name":"Matulek, M.S.","domain_name":"mercyhurst","page_name":"HannahMatulek","display_name":"Hannah E . Matulek, M.S.","profile_url":"https://mercyhurst.academia.edu/HannahMatulek?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28180683/7970271/17004513/s65_hannah.matulek.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33044674">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33044674"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wooster.academia.edu/PNickKardulias">P. Nick Kardulias</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33044674'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33044674').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33044674 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33044674"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33044674, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33044674", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33044674 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33044674; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33044674"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33044674 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33044674"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33044674; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33044674]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33044674").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33044674").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33044674"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology">Physical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13723" type="text/json">{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33044674]'), work: {"id":33044674,"title":"“Great Spirits of All Who Lived Before”: Exploring the Original Peopling of the Americas Through the Examination of Paleoindian Skeletal Remains","created_at":"2017-05-16T15:17:15.031-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33044674/_Great_Spirits_of_All_Who_Lived_Before_Exploring_the_Original_Peopling_of_the_Americas_Through_the_Examination_of_Paleoindian_Skeletal_Remains?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_33044674","summary":"The original peopling of the Americas has puzzled researchers for decades. While some evidence points to a single wave of migration, still other data suggests two or more waves. Their reasonable estimated arrival dates range from 14,500 to over 20,000 BP, although some scholars push back their arrival even farther. Drawing from archaeology, genetics, historical linguistics, and physical anthropology, the peopling of the Americas debate encompasses research from a wide range of experts. In this study, craniometric data is examined through the means of the cranial index, defined as the ratio calculated by multiplying the maximum width (XCB) of the head by 100, then dividing by the maximum length of the head (GOL). Cranial indices are known to vary between different regions of the world, suggesting that different ratios represent different geographic affinities of peoples. I examine cranial indices from 112 individuals dating from the Terminal Pleistocene to the Early Holocene found throughout the Americas. These indices are then compared to the 2,524 indices from 30 populations examined in the Howells Craniometric Data Set using basic statistical functions. Results of these tests suggest morphological affinities between certain ancient and modern groups, offering insight into possible links between the two populations. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54307475,"asset_id":33044674,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28180683,"first_name":"Hannah","last_name":"Matulek, M.S.","domain_name":"mercyhurst","page_name":"HannahMatulek","display_name":"Hannah E . Matulek, M.S.","profile_url":"https://mercyhurst.academia.edu/HannahMatulek?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28180683/7970271/17004513/s65_hannah.matulek.jpg"},{"id":1151456,"first_name":"P. Nick","last_name":"Kardulias","domain_name":"wooster","page_name":"PNickKardulias","display_name":"P. Nick Kardulias","profile_url":"https://wooster.academia.edu/PNickKardulias?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1151456/11017705/28790457/s65_p._nick.kardulias.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8365818" data-work_id="8365818" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8365818/Envisioning_Water_Transport_Technology_in_Late_Pleistocene_America_2005">Envisioning Water Transport Technology in Late Pleistocene America 2005</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Human use of watercraft dates back at least thirty thousand years and some researchers propose that this technology enabled the peopling of Australia closer to fifty thousand years ago. Due to the vagaries of preservation across... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8365818" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Human use of watercraft dates back at least thirty thousand years and some researchers propose that this technology enabled the peopling  of Australia closer to fifty thousand years ago.  Due to the vagaries of preservation across millennia, direct evidence of Paleolithic rafts or boats is lacking despite other data substantiating their use.  Archeologists iner the existence of Paleolithic watercraft from indirect evidence such as the transport of stone across bodies of water that separate locations where raw stone was acquired from places where it was used and  discarded (i.e. obsidian gathered from islands inaccessible from the mainland without the use of boats).  This article takes as its starting position the likelihood that watercraft technologies were among transportation and mobility options employed during early explorations and settlements of the Americas.  While early colonization models increasingly envision possible maritime travel, they are relatively mute on possible uses for watercraft as aids in inland exploration, mobility, and settlement.  This paper draws ideas from examinations of ethnographic and archaeological records to provide a springboard for expanding mobility models beyond their present tendency to view pedestrian travel as the dominant, if not nearly exclusive, mode of inland movement in late Pleistocene America.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8365818" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba5703f8f2edbfbc6904045fc9653571" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34766420,"asset_id":8365818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34766420/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3523162" href="https://si.academia.edu/PegiJodry">Margaret (Pegi) Jodry</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3523162" type="text/json">{"id":3523162,"first_name":"Margaret (Pegi)","last_name":"Jodry","domain_name":"si","page_name":"PegiJodry","display_name":"Margaret (Pegi) Jodry","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/PegiJodry?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3523162/1208226/5324646/s65_pegi.jodry.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8365818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8365818"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8365818, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8365818", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8365818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8365818; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8365818"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8365818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8365818"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8365818; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8365818]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8365818").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8365818").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8365818"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Archaeology_">Mobility (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25633" type="text/json">{"id":25633,"name":"Mobility (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="962109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Watercraft">Prehistoric Watercraft</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="962109" type="text/json">{"id":962109,"name":"Prehistoric Watercraft","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Watercraft?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8365818]'), work: {"id":8365818,"title":"Envisioning Water Transport Technology in Late Pleistocene America 2005","created_at":"2014-09-17T04:06:55.953-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8365818/Envisioning_Water_Transport_Technology_in_Late_Pleistocene_America_2005?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_8365818","summary":"Human use of watercraft dates back at least thirty thousand years and some researchers propose that this technology enabled the peopling of Australia closer to fifty thousand years ago. Due to the vagaries of preservation across millennia, direct evidence of Paleolithic rafts or boats is lacking despite other data substantiating their use. Archeologists iner the existence of Paleolithic watercraft from indirect evidence such as the transport of stone across bodies of water that separate locations where raw stone was acquired from places where it was used and discarded (i.e. obsidian gathered from islands inaccessible from the mainland without the use of boats). This article takes as its starting position the likelihood that watercraft technologies were among transportation and mobility options employed during early explorations and settlements of the Americas. While early colonization models increasingly envision possible maritime travel, they are relatively mute on possible uses for watercraft as aids in inland exploration, mobility, and settlement. This paper draws ideas from examinations of ethnographic and archaeological records to provide a springboard for expanding mobility models beyond their present tendency to view pedestrian travel as the dominant, if not nearly exclusive, mode of inland movement in late Pleistocene America.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34766420,"asset_id":8365818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3523162,"first_name":"Margaret (Pegi)","last_name":"Jodry","domain_name":"si","page_name":"PegiJodry","display_name":"Margaret (Pegi) Jodry","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/PegiJodry?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3523162/1208226/5324646/s65_pegi.jodry.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25633,"name":"Mobility (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":962109,"name":"Prehistoric Watercraft","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Watercraft?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2028821" data-work_id="2028821" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2028821/Climate_Change_at_the_Pleistocene_Holocene_Boundary_in_the_Pacific_Northwest_A_Comparison_of_Proxy_Datasets_and_the_Archaeological_Record">Climate Change at the Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary in the Pacific Northwest: A Comparison of Proxy Datasets and the Archaeological Record</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The relationship between climate change at the Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary (ca. 12,600-10,200 cal B.P.) and cultural responses to attendant shifts in the environment remains a vexing issue for archaeologists. This study compiles and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2028821" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The relationship between climate change at the Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary (ca. 12,600-10,200 cal B.P.) and cultural responses to attendant shifts in the environment remains a vexing issue for archaeologists. This study compiles and analyzes glacial, palynological, faunal, and stratigraphic/geomorphological proxy datasets for climate change in the Pacific Northwest of North America and compares them to the coeval archaeological record. The primary purpose of this exercise is to consider the potential ways in which climate change at the Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary affected cultural development for Late Paleoindian-Early Archaic peoples in the Pacific Northwest. Results indicate that climatic and environmental change at this interval was rapid or abrupt, and of a magnitude that likely produced varying adaptational responses by peoples of different cultural traditions who appear across the region at this period. Transformations in tools and technology, shifts in dietary habits, migration and regionalization, and trade intensification are all elements of Late Paleoindian-Early Archaic cultural responses to rapid climate change.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2028821" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c736fd94cb81d24d42517fbac10e6a80" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":29475506,"asset_id":2028821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29475506/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1360458" href="https://spokanefalls.academia.edu/TiffanyJFulkerson">Tiffany J. Fulkerson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1360458" type="text/json">{"id":1360458,"first_name":"Tiffany J.","last_name":"Fulkerson","domain_name":"spokanefalls","page_name":"TiffanyJFulkerson","display_name":"Tiffany J. 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This study compiles and analyzes glacial, palynological, faunal, and stratigraphic/geomorphological proxy datasets for climate change in the Pacific Northwest of North America and compares them to the coeval archaeological record. The primary purpose of this exercise is to consider the potential ways in which climate change at the Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary affected cultural development for Late Paleoindian-Early Archaic peoples in the Pacific Northwest. Results indicate that climatic and environmental change at this interval was rapid or abrupt, and of a magnitude that likely produced varying adaptational responses by peoples of different cultural traditions who appear across the region at this period. Transformations in tools and technology, shifts in dietary habits, migration and regionalization, and trade intensification are all elements of Late Paleoindian-Early Archaic cultural responses to rapid climate change.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29475506,"asset_id":2028821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1360458,"first_name":"Tiffany J.","last_name":"Fulkerson","domain_name":"spokanefalls","page_name":"TiffanyJFulkerson","display_name":"Tiffany J. Fulkerson","profile_url":"https://spokanefalls.academia.edu/TiffanyJFulkerson?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1360458/846775/93508530/s65_tiffany_j..fulkerson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric 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Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1706,"name":"Geoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":2258,"name":"Paleoclimatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoclimatology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":7075,"name":"Paleoenvironment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoenvironment?f_ri=55633"},{"id":7101,"name":"Paleoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":7933,"name":"Palynology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palynology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":14402,"name":"Landscapes in prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscapes_in_prehistory?f_ri=55633"},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=55633"},{"id":16934,"name":"Paleoenvironmental Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoenvironmental_Change?f_ri=55633"},{"id":17007,"name":"Prehistoric Settlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Settlement?f_ri=55633"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=55633"},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":23422,"name":"Paleoclimate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoclimate?f_ri=55633"},{"id":24375,"name":"Vertebrate Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrate_Paleontology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":24828,"name":"Lithics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithics?f_ri=55633"},{"id":30254,"name":"Pleistocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene?f_ri=55633"},{"id":30700,"name":"Phytoliths","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytoliths?f_ri=55633"},{"id":31034,"name":"Rapid Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rapid_Climate_Change?f_ri=55633"},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633"},{"id":34136,"name":"Mammal Extinctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammal_Extinctions?f_ri=55633"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=55633"},{"id":35587,"name":"Quaternary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary?f_ri=55633"},{"id":42252,"name":"Late Pleistocene to Early 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Dryas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Younger_Dryas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":180293,"name":"Rockshelters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rockshelters?f_ri=55633"},{"id":193295,"name":"Early peopling of America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_peopling_of_America?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":280990,"name":"Pre Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre_Clovis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":345193,"name":"Mastodon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mastodon?f_ri=55633"},{"id":622210,"name":"Windust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Windust?f_ri=55633"},{"id":622211,"name":"Haskett","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haskett?f_ri=55633"},{"id":622212,"name":"Sentinel Gap (45KT1362)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sentinel_Gap_45KT1362_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":622214,"name":"Proxy Datasets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proxy_Datasets?f_ri=55633"},{"id":622217,"name":"Climate Change at the Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_at_the_Pleistocene-Holocene_Boundary?f_ri=55633"},{"id":735510,"name":"Peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":967919,"name":"Interglacial Climate Variability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interglacial_Climate_Variability?f_ri=55633"},{"id":983866,"name":"Pleistocene Holocene Transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene_Holocene_Transition-1?f_ri=55633"},{"id":984220,"name":"First Americans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_Americans?f_ri=55633"},{"id":1116199,"name":"Paleovegetation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleovegetation?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5161056" data-work_id="5161056" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5161056/The_Origin_and_Evolution_of_the_Mesa_Projectile_Point">The Origin and Evolution of the Mesa Projectile Point</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Approximately 10.500 14C years ago a people lived in Arctic Alaska that made a typical kind of projectile points. These points were probably tipped on atlatl darts and used to hunt migratory animals such as horse and bison. We refer to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5161056" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Approximately 10.500 14C years ago a people lived in Arctic Alaska that made a typical kind of projectile points. These points were probably tipped on atlatl darts and used to hunt migratory animals such as horse and bison. We refer to these points as Mesa points. These bifacial projectile points represent the Paleoindian type that is found south of the continental ice-sheets covering North America during the last ice age. No other bifacial technologies are known north of the ice-sheets. So the question is: where lies the origin of this technological tradition? <br /> <br />Three projectile point complexes in the Americas show close similarities to the Mesa type: Agate Basin from the Great Plains, Haskett from the Great Basin and El Jobo from Venezuela. The points are lanceolate in shape, relatively thick with respect to their width and have many technological traits in common. Could these complexes be connected to the Mesa complex? The dating of these four complexes has shown a succession in time. From old to young: El Jobo -> Haskett -> Agate Basin -> Mesa. This is an indication for a possible migration or transmission of technological knowledge through contact from Venezuela all the way to the Arctic. Or could this similarity be the result of independent innovation? The reason why these projectile points are so similar is most probably found in the employment of socketed shaft hafting. This technique required a specific kind of projectile point shape. However, flaking patterns are also generally the same with the exception of Agate Basin, which has more parallel flake scars opposed to the collateral flaking of the other three types. <br /> <br />El Jobo (13.000 – 11.000 14C BP) might have migrated towards the north because megafauna was becoming extinct in Venezuela and they were looking for new hunting grounds. There are a few sites that might prove a northward movement of the El Jobo hunters. Two sites in Panama and one in Mexico (11.000 14C BP) show similar projectile point technology. Other than these there are no sites of similar projectile points in Mesoamerica or the Southwestern United States mentioned in the consulted literature. Haskett (10.800 – 9.800 14C BP) might very well have been in contact with Agate Basin (10.500 -9.700 14C BP) as the Great Basin and Great Plains areas are bordering. Both hunting traditions probably hunted bison. At 10.500 14C BP Bison antiquus from the Great Plains migrated northward and is found at the Charlie Lake Cave site. Agate Basin is known to have moved northward during this period. They might have followed their prey species and ended up in the Arctic where they either transferred their technological knowledge to a people already living here or they changed their way of projectile point manufacture slightly to become what we refer to as Mesa technology (10.300 – 9.700 14C BP). <br /> <br />Although there are some indications for a northward movement of the El Jobo complex, the evidence is not substantial enough to hypothesize a migration at this time. The connection between Agate Basin and Mesa is more plausible and Haskett is easily incorporated here although more research on the connection of hunting cultures of the Great Basin and Great Plains is desirable.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5161056" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aec7724f9fa96856bb10630d2eefdac7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32357529,"asset_id":5161056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32357529/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1295438" href="https://uaf.academia.edu/MarjoleinAdmiraal">Marjolein Admiraal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1295438" type="text/json">{"id":1295438,"first_name":"Marjolein","last_name":"Admiraal","domain_name":"uaf","page_name":"MarjoleinAdmiraal","display_name":"Marjolein Admiraal","profile_url":"https://uaf.academia.edu/MarjoleinAdmiraal?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1295438/477239/35572936/s65_marjolein.admiraal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5161056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5161056"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5161056, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5161056", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5161056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5161056; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5161056"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5161056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5161056"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5161056; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5161056]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5161056").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5161056").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5161056"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22563" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plains_Archaeology">Plains Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22563" type="text/json">{"id":22563,"name":"Plains Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plains_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23841" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrations_Archaeology_">Migrations (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23841" type="text/json">{"id":23841,"name":"Migrations (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrations_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alaska_Archaeology">Alaska Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47728" type="text/json">{"id":47728,"name":"Alaska Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alaska_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5161056]'), work: {"id":5161056,"title":"The Origin and Evolution of the Mesa Projectile Point","created_at":"2013-11-20T00:50:16.252-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5161056/The_Origin_and_Evolution_of_the_Mesa_Projectile_Point?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_5161056","summary":"Approximately 10.500 14C years ago a people lived in Arctic Alaska that made a typical kind of projectile points. These points were probably tipped on atlatl darts and used to hunt migratory animals such as horse and bison. We refer to these points as Mesa points. These bifacial projectile points represent the Paleoindian type that is found south of the continental ice-sheets covering North America during the last ice age. No other bifacial technologies are known north of the ice-sheets. So the question is: where lies the origin of this technological tradition?\r\n\r\nThree projectile point complexes in the Americas show close similarities to the Mesa type: Agate Basin from the Great Plains, Haskett from the Great Basin and El Jobo from Venezuela. The points are lanceolate in shape, relatively thick with respect to their width and have many technological traits in common. Could these complexes be connected to the Mesa complex? The dating of these four complexes has shown a succession in time. From old to young: El Jobo -\u003e Haskett -\u003e Agate Basin -\u003e Mesa. This is an indication for a possible migration or transmission of technological knowledge through contact from Venezuela all the way to the Arctic. Or could this similarity be the result of independent innovation? The reason why these projectile points are so similar is most probably found in the employment of socketed shaft hafting. This technique required a specific kind of projectile point shape. However, flaking patterns are also generally the same with the exception of Agate Basin, which has more parallel flake scars opposed to the collateral flaking of the other three types.\r\n\r\nEl Jobo (13.000 – 11.000 14C BP) might have migrated towards the north because megafauna was becoming extinct in Venezuela and they were looking for new hunting grounds. There are a few sites that might prove a northward movement of the El Jobo hunters. Two sites in Panama and one in Mexico (11.000 14C BP) show similar projectile point technology. Other than these there are no sites of similar projectile points in Mesoamerica or the Southwestern United States mentioned in the consulted literature. Haskett (10.800 – 9.800 14C BP) might very well have been in contact with Agate Basin (10.500 -9.700 14C BP) as the Great Basin and Great Plains areas are bordering. Both hunting traditions probably hunted bison. At 10.500 14C BP Bison antiquus from the Great Plains migrated northward and is found at the Charlie Lake Cave site. Agate Basin is known to have moved northward during this period. They might have followed their prey species and ended up in the Arctic where they either transferred their technological knowledge to a people already living here or they changed their way of projectile point manufacture slightly to become what we refer to as Mesa technology (10.300 – 9.700 14C BP). \r\n\r\nAlthough there are some indications for a northward movement of the El Jobo complex, the evidence is not substantial enough to hypothesize a migration at this time. The connection between Agate Basin and Mesa is more plausible and Haskett is easily incorporated here although more research on the connection of hunting cultures of the Great Basin and Great Plains is desirable. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32357529,"asset_id":5161056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1295438,"first_name":"Marjolein","last_name":"Admiraal","domain_name":"uaf","page_name":"MarjoleinAdmiraal","display_name":"Marjolein Admiraal","profile_url":"https://uaf.academia.edu/MarjoleinAdmiraal?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1295438/477239/35572936/s65_marjolein.admiraal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22563,"name":"Plains Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plains_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":23841,"name":"Migrations (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrations_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":47728,"name":"Alaska Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alaska_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":63532,"name":"Great Basin Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":80299,"name":"Projectile Points","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Projectile_Points?f_ri=55633"},{"id":84388,"name":"Lithic Projectile Hafting system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Projectile_Hafting_system?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"},{"id":252570,"name":"Venezuelan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Venezuelan_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":351690,"name":"Haskett Projectile Points","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haskett_Projectile_Points?f_ri=55633"},{"id":698811,"name":"Archaeology of the Brooks Range","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Brooks_Range?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2314528" data-work_id="2314528" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2314528/A_Tale_of_Two_Migrations_Reconciling_Recent_Biological_and_Archaeological_Evidence_for_the_Pleistocene_Peopling_of_the_Americas">A Tale of Two Migrations: Reconciling Recent Biological and Archaeological Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper synthesizes primarily 2000s-era “peopling of the Americas” data drawn from the fields of molecular biology, osteology, and archaeology. Collectively, they suggest that colonization proceeded in two pulses, both originating in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2314528" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper synthesizes primarily 2000s-era “peopling of the Americas” data drawn from the fields of molecular biology, osteology, and archaeology.  Collectively, they suggest that colonization proceeded in two pulses, both originating in Western Beringia and before that, south-central and southeastern Siberia.  The first occurred ca. 16k – 15k cal. B.P. by watercraft along the coast of Beringia and western North and South America.  The second took place 1,000 years later and involved proto-Clovis hunter-gatherers who used the ice-free corridor (IFC) as a conduit south.  In addition, at least eight North American sites dating back as far as the last glacial maximum (LGM) suggest that the peopling picture may eventually need to change to accommodate an earlier-than-previously thought IFC migration.  For now, the data are not strong enough to support this scenario, but they are tantalizingly close.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2314528" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8fe977780250d62af0fee0d4fe986c49" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30360618,"asset_id":2314528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30360618/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2828738" href="https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado">Bonnie L Pitblado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2828738" type="text/json">{"id":2828738,"first_name":"Bonnie","last_name":"Pitblado","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"BonniePitblado","display_name":"Bonnie L Pitblado","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2828738/925707/1158988/s65_bonnie.pitblado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2314528 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2314528"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2314528, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2314528", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2314528 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2314528; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2314528"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2314528 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2314528"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2314528; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2314528]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2314528").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2314528").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2314528"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="195171" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology">Paleoindian archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="195171" type="text/json">{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2314528]'), work: {"id":2314528,"title":"A Tale of Two Migrations: Reconciling Recent Biological and Archaeological Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas","created_at":"2012-12-20T05:31:48.376-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2314528/A_Tale_of_Two_Migrations_Reconciling_Recent_Biological_and_Archaeological_Evidence_for_the_Pleistocene_Peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_2314528","summary":"This paper synthesizes primarily 2000s-era “peopling of the Americas” data drawn from the fields of molecular biology, osteology, and archaeology. Collectively, they suggest that colonization proceeded in two pulses, both originating in Western Beringia and before that, south-central and southeastern Siberia. The first occurred ca. 16k – 15k cal. B.P. by watercraft along the coast of Beringia and western North and South America. The second took place 1,000 years later and involved proto-Clovis hunter-gatherers who used the ice-free corridor (IFC) as a conduit south. In addition, at least eight North American sites dating back as far as the last glacial maximum (LGM) suggest that the peopling picture may eventually need to change to accommodate an earlier-than-previously thought IFC migration. For now, the data are not strong enough to support this scenario, but they are tantalizingly close.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30360618,"asset_id":2314528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2828738,"first_name":"Bonnie","last_name":"Pitblado","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"BonniePitblado","display_name":"Bonnie L Pitblado","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2828738/925707/1158988/s65_bonnie.pitblado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4407020" data-work_id="4407020" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4407020/Clovis_Caches_Current_Perspectives_and_Future_Directions">Clovis Caches: Current Perspectives and Future Directions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Scattered sporadically across much of the American interior are tight clusters of Clovis artifacts identified as material caches. Clovis caches consist of bifaces, projectile points, blades, flakes, cores, bone and ivory rods, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4407020" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Scattered sporadically across much of the American interior are tight clusters of Clovis artifacts identified as material caches. Clovis caches consist of bifaces, projectile points, blades, flakes, cores, bone and ivory rods, and occasionally other items that appear to have been carefully set aside rather than discarded or lost. As the defining attributes of Clovis caches have become clearer, caches are recognized and reported with increasing frequency, in the form of new discoveries in the field and among existing collections. The first section of this paper provides an overview of currently known Clovis caches, ranging from assemblages discovered as much as 50 years ago to less familiar collections just coming to light, with the goal of presenting an up-to-date synopsis for every reported cache attributed to Clovis. A second section reviews our current understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution of Clovis caching and caching behavior, along with some proposed explanations for those patterns. A final section provides an overview of contemporary perspectives on Clovis caches, with special consideration given to their relationships to other assemblages and to Clovis migration and mobility, along with a summary of current and future directions for research involving Clovis caches."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4407020" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="56d6cfe89b445c738c357ebbbf45938f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31833694,"asset_id":4407020,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31833694/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2928225" href="https://txstate.academia.edu/DavidKilby">David Kilby</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2928225" type="text/json">{"id":2928225,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Kilby","domain_name":"txstate","page_name":"DavidKilby","display_name":"David Kilby","profile_url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/DavidKilby?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2928225/967765/2224489/s65_david.kilby.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4407020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4407020"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4407020, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4407020", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4407020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4407020; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4407020"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4407020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4407020"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4407020; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4407020]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4407020").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4407020").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4407020"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2795" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology">Landscape Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2795" type="text/json">{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13649" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_archaeology">North American archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13649" type="text/json">{"id":13649,"name":"North American archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology">Lithic Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19728" type="text/json">{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4407020]'), work: {"id":4407020,"title":"Clovis Caches: Current Perspectives and Future Directions","created_at":"2013-09-04T06:26:24.083-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4407020/Clovis_Caches_Current_Perspectives_and_Future_Directions?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_4407020","summary":"\"Scattered sporadically across much of the American interior are tight clusters of Clovis artifacts identified as material caches. Clovis caches consist of bifaces, projectile points, blades, flakes, cores, bone and ivory rods, and occasionally other items that appear to have been carefully set aside rather than discarded or lost. As the defining attributes of Clovis caches have become clearer, caches are recognized and reported with increasing frequency, in the form of new discoveries in the field and among existing collections. The first section of this paper provides an overview of currently known Clovis caches, ranging from assemblages discovered as much as 50 years ago to less familiar collections just coming to light, with the goal of presenting an up-to-date synopsis for every reported cache attributed to Clovis. A second section reviews our current understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution of Clovis caching and caching behavior, along with some proposed explanations for those patterns. A final section provides an overview of contemporary perspectives on Clovis caches, with special consideration given to their relationships to other assemblages and to Clovis migration and mobility, along with a summary of current and future directions for research involving Clovis caches.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31833694,"asset_id":4407020,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2928225,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Kilby","domain_name":"txstate","page_name":"DavidKilby","display_name":"David Kilby","profile_url":"https://txstate.academia.edu/DavidKilby?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2928225/967765/2224489/s65_david.kilby.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":13649,"name":"North American archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":24828,"name":"Lithics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithics?f_ri=55633"},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":108398,"name":"Lithic Raw Material Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Raw_Material_Sourcing?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69025343" data-work_id="69025343" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69025343/Genes_and_Myths_Which_Genes_and_Myths_did_the_Different_Waves_of_the_Peopling_of_Americas_Bring_to_the_New_World">Genes and Myths: Which Genes and Myths did the Different Waves of the Peopling of Americas Bring to the New World</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The spatial distribution of folklore-mythological motifs is shown to correlate rather tightly with the distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome (NRY) haplogroups. The analysis of spatial distribution of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69025343" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The spatial distribution of folklore-mythological motifs is shown to correlate<br />rather tightly with the distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and<br />Y-chromosome (NRY) haplogroups. The analysis of spatial distribution of folklore-mythological motifs confirms earlier findings of geneticists which identified South Siberia as the Old World homeland of the main wave of the peopling of the New World (the diffusion of the respective populations in the New World turns out to be associated with the spread of Clovis and para-Clovis archaeological cultures). Indeed, this is just South Siberia where the highest concentration of the Amerindian folklore-mythological motifs in Eurasia is observed.<br />On the other hand, it turns out to be possible to connect the penetration of<br />mtDNA HG C and NRY HG Q > Q3 to the New World with this migration wave.<br />The spatial distribution of the ‘Circumgobi-Amerindian’ folklore-mythological<br />motifs follows rather closely the distribution of mtDNA HG C in the New World.<br />This makes it possible to re-construct up to a considerable detail the mythology brought to the New World from South Siberia by this migration wave. Another migration wave turns out to be associated with the distribution of mtDNA HG B and motifs of ‘Melazonian’ mythological complex whose highest concentration is observed in Melanesia, on the one hand, and Amazonia, on the other. These motifs form a few connected sets, which suggest certain possibilities for the reconstruction of some features of ‘proto-Melazonian’ mythology brought to<br />the New World by the bearers of mtDNA HG B. MtDNA HG A frequencies in<br />Siberian and American populations display a rather strong and statistically<br />significant correlation with the number of the ‘Raven Cycle’ motifs in respect<br />of folklore-mythological traditions. There are certain grounds to believe that<br />both these motifs and the respective genetic marker (‘Arctic A’) were brought<br />to the extreme American North-West and extreme North-East Asia (‘Transberingia’) later than both maternal lines B+C and Circumgobi-Amerindian, Melazonian and Ural-Amerindian motifs had been brought to the New World. The presence of a relatively homogenous Transberingian ‘genetic-mythological’ zone characterized by high frequencies of both mtDNA HG A and the Transberingian motifs seems to be accounted for, first of all, by the fact that they were brought to this zone relatively later with the migrations apparently<br />corresponding to the movement to this area of Dene, Esko-Aleut and Chukotko-Kamchatkan language speakers and replaced to a considerable extent earlier<br />genetic markers and folklore-mythological motifs. But, on the other hand, the<br />same fact seems to be additionally accounted for by the functioning up to<br />the Modern Age of the Transberingian communicative network, as in the Holocene<br />the communication through the Bering straits does not appear to have<br />ever interrupted, and led to additional homogenization of the zone. And the<br />movement through the Bering straits definitely went in both directions, in<br />the framework of which their way to the Old World appears to have been found by both some New World genetic markers (e.g., NRY HG Q3), and apparently<br />some folklore-mythological motifs which were developed already in the New<br />World (the possibility of the migration of some Transberingian motifs from the<br />New World to the NE Asia [suggested {in a bit exaggerated way} already by<br />the members of the Jesup Expedition] seems to be supported by a higher concentration<br />of these motifs in the New World part of this zone). The analyzed<br />evidence suggests that the Ural-Amerindian mythological complex was brought to the New World by a wave of migration which took place between 10,000 and 13,000, i.e. not long after the main wave of the peopling of Americas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69025343" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a7738e3802ce4ef7a9537f8cc6610cc1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79283112,"asset_id":69025343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79283112/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1547747" href="https://hse-ru.academia.edu/AndreyKorotayev">Andrey Korotayev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1547747" type="text/json">{"id":1547747,"first_name":"Andrey","last_name":"Korotayev","domain_name":"hse-ru","page_name":"AndreyKorotayev","display_name":"Andrey Korotayev","profile_url":"https://hse-ru.academia.edu/AndreyKorotayev?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1547747/546497/59245288/s65_andrey.korotayev.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69025343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69025343"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69025343, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69025343", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69025343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69025343; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69025343"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69025343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69025343"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69025343; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69025343]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69025343").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69025343").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69025343"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology">Mythology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="788" type="text/json">{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1135" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Genetics">Human Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1135" type="text/json">{"id":1135,"name":"Human Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Genetics?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3497" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmology_Anthropology_">Cosmology (Anthropology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3497" type="text/json">{"id":3497,"name":"Cosmology (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmology_Anthropology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69025343]'), work: {"id":69025343,"title":"Genes and Myths: Which Genes and Myths did the Different Waves of the Peopling of Americas Bring to the New World","created_at":"2022-01-21T09:18:22.279-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69025343/Genes_and_Myths_Which_Genes_and_Myths_did_the_Different_Waves_of_the_Peopling_of_Americas_Bring_to_the_New_World?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_69025343","summary":"The spatial distribution of folklore-mythological motifs is shown to correlate\nrather tightly with the distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and\nY-chromosome (NRY) haplogroups. The analysis of spatial distribution of folklore-mythological motifs confirms earlier findings of geneticists which identified South Siberia as the Old World homeland of the main wave of the peopling of the New World (the diffusion of the respective populations in the New World turns out to be associated with the spread of Clovis and para-Clovis archaeological cultures). Indeed, this is just South Siberia where the highest concentration of the Amerindian folklore-mythological motifs in Eurasia is observed.\nOn the other hand, it turns out to be possible to connect the penetration of\nmtDNA HG C and NRY HG Q \u003e Q3 to the New World with this migration wave.\nThe spatial distribution of the ‘Circumgobi-Amerindian’ folklore-mythological\nmotifs follows rather closely the distribution of mtDNA HG C in the New World.\nThis makes it possible to re-construct up to a considerable detail the mythology brought to the New World from South Siberia by this migration wave. Another migration wave turns out to be associated with the distribution of mtDNA HG B and motifs of ‘Melazonian’ mythological complex whose highest concentration is observed in Melanesia, on the one hand, and Amazonia, on the other. These motifs form a few connected sets, which suggest certain possibilities for the reconstruction of some features of ‘proto-Melazonian’ mythology brought to\nthe New World by the bearers of mtDNA HG B. MtDNA HG A frequencies in\nSiberian and American populations display a rather strong and statistically\nsignificant correlation with the number of the ‘Raven Cycle’ motifs in respect\nof folklore-mythological traditions. There are certain grounds to believe that\nboth these motifs and the respective genetic marker (‘Arctic A’) were brought\nto the extreme American North-West and extreme North-East Asia (‘Transberingia’) later than both maternal lines B+C and Circumgobi-Amerindian, Melazonian and Ural-Amerindian motifs had been brought to the New World. The presence of a relatively homogenous Transberingian ‘genetic-mythological’ zone characterized by high frequencies of both mtDNA HG A and the Transberingian motifs seems to be accounted for, first of all, by the fact that they were brought to this zone relatively later with the migrations apparently\ncorresponding to the movement to this area of Dene, Esko-Aleut and Chukotko-Kamchatkan language speakers and replaced to a considerable extent earlier\ngenetic markers and folklore-mythological motifs. But, on the other hand, the\nsame fact seems to be additionally accounted for by the functioning up to\nthe Modern Age of the Transberingian communicative network, as in the Holocene\nthe communication through the Bering straits does not appear to have\never interrupted, and led to additional homogenization of the zone. And the\nmovement through the Bering straits definitely went in both directions, in\nthe framework of which their way to the Old World appears to have been found by both some New World genetic markers (e.g., NRY HG Q3), and apparently\nsome folklore-mythological motifs which were developed already in the New\nWorld (the possibility of the migration of some Transberingian motifs from the\nNew World to the NE Asia [suggested {in a bit exaggerated way} already by\nthe members of the Jesup Expedition] seems to be supported by a higher concentration\nof these motifs in the New World part of this zone). The analyzed\nevidence suggests that the Ural-Amerindian mythological complex was brought to the New World by a wave of migration which took place between 10,000 and 13,000, i.e. not long after the main wave of the peopling of Americas.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79283112,"asset_id":69025343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1547747,"first_name":"Andrey","last_name":"Korotayev","domain_name":"hse-ru","page_name":"AndreyKorotayev","display_name":"Andrey Korotayev","profile_url":"https://hse-ru.academia.edu/AndreyKorotayev?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1547747/546497/59245288/s65_andrey.korotayev.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":1135,"name":"Human Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Genetics?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":3497,"name":"Cosmology (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmology_Anthropology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":3502,"name":"Amerindian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amerindian_Studies?f_ri=55633"},{"id":3572,"name":"Amerindian Cosmologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amerindian_Cosmologies?f_ri=55633"},{"id":11096,"name":"Cultural Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Evolution?f_ri=55633"},{"id":11370,"name":"Na-Dene languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Na-Dene_languages?f_ri=55633"},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":29063,"name":"Melanesia (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melanesia_Anthropology_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":30825,"name":"Upper Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Paleolithic?f_ri=55633"},{"id":38130,"name":"Folklore (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore_Anthropology_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":61208,"name":"Migrations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrations?f_ri=55633"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=55633"},{"id":165099,"name":"Y chromosome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Y_chromosome?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"},{"id":284028,"name":"Siberian Ethnography (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siberian_Ethnography_Anthropology_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":527382,"name":"Native American and Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_and_Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=55633"},{"id":557362,"name":"Deep History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_History?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40697965 coauthored" data-work_id="40697965" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40697965/Post_glacial_human_colonization_of_southern_Alaska_The_archaeology_of_Trapper_Creek">Post-glacial human colonization of southern Alaska: The archaeology of Trapper Creek</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The migratory route for the Pleistocene colonization of the Americas by humans has been debated among North American archaeologists and antiquarians since before the Revolutionary War. It remains the most contentious question in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40697965" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The migratory route for the Pleistocene colonization of the Americas by humans has been debated among North American archaeologists and antiquarians since before the Revolutionary War. It remains the most contentious question in archaeology today. When and by what path did the first people spread throughout the continent? Here, we report updated results from the middle Susitna Valley in southcen-tral Alaska near the community of Trapper Creek. The region is significant because it lies at the heart of what was a piedmont glacier that blocked the first Alaskans from accessing the rich resources of Alaska's southern coasts during the late glacial period. Deglaciation and human colonization of the heavily glaci-ated southeasternmost Beringia is relevant to our understanding of the timing and geographical origin of the first small-scale foraging societies to explore and eventually settle the rivers and coasts of southcentral Alaska, British Columbia, and the greater Pacific Northwest. Results suggests an interior-to-coastal migration occurred following deglaciation with no current evidence of a reverse scenario.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40697965" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2085e24126a788c424a7365debc782d8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60983145,"asset_id":40697965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60983145/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2613476" href="https://adelphi.academia.edu/BrianWygal">Brian Wygal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2613476" type="text/json">{"id":2613476,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Wygal","domain_name":"adelphi","page_name":"BrianWygal","display_name":"Brian Wygal","profile_url":"https://adelphi.academia.edu/BrianWygal?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2613476/826563/1027276/s65_brian.wygal.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40697965">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40697965"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://adelphi.academia.edu/KathrynKrasinski">Kathryn Krasinski</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40697965'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40697965').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40697965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40697965"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40697965; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40697965]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40697965").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40697965").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40697965"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Archaeology">Environmental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2109" type="text/json">{"id":2109,"name":"Environmental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7075" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoenvironment">Paleoenvironment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7075" type="text/json">{"id":7075,"name":"Paleoenvironment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoenvironment?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40697965]'), work: {"id":40697965,"title":"Post-glacial human colonization of southern Alaska: The archaeology of Trapper Creek","created_at":"2019-10-22T04:52:38.612-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40697965/Post_glacial_human_colonization_of_southern_Alaska_The_archaeology_of_Trapper_Creek?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_40697965","summary":"The migratory route for the Pleistocene colonization of the Americas by humans has been debated among North American archaeologists and antiquarians since before the Revolutionary War. It remains the most contentious question in archaeology today. When and by what path did the first people spread throughout the continent? Here, we report updated results from the middle Susitna Valley in southcen-tral Alaska near the community of Trapper Creek. The region is significant because it lies at the heart of what was a piedmont glacier that blocked the first Alaskans from accessing the rich resources of Alaska's southern coasts during the late glacial period. Deglaciation and human colonization of the heavily glaci-ated southeasternmost Beringia is relevant to our understanding of the timing and geographical origin of the first small-scale foraging societies to explore and eventually settle the rivers and coasts of southcentral Alaska, British Columbia, and the greater Pacific Northwest. Results suggests an interior-to-coastal migration occurred following deglaciation with no current evidence of a reverse scenario.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60983145,"asset_id":40697965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2613476,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Wygal","domain_name":"adelphi","page_name":"BrianWygal","display_name":"Brian Wygal","profile_url":"https://adelphi.academia.edu/BrianWygal?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2613476/826563/1027276/s65_brian.wygal.jpg"},{"id":3787499,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Krasinski","domain_name":"adelphi","page_name":"KathrynKrasinski","display_name":"Kathryn Krasinski","profile_url":"https://adelphi.academia.edu/KathrynKrasinski?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3787499/3285193/16399520/s65_kathryn.krasinski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":2109,"name":"Environmental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":7075,"name":"Paleoenvironment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoenvironment?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":18753,"name":"American Indian \u0026 Alaska Native","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indian_and_Alaska_Native?f_ri=55633"},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":30825,"name":"Upper Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Paleolithic?f_ri=55633"},{"id":47728,"name":"Alaska Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alaska_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":91636,"name":"Paleolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":96482,"name":"Beringia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beringia?f_ri=55633"},{"id":99317,"name":"Lithic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Analysis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69030012" data-work_id="69030012" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69030012/On_Rehumanizing_Pleistocene_People_of_the_Western_Hemisphere">On Rehumanizing Pleistocene People of the Western Hemisphere</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">late 1920s, peopling archaeology has sought to understand the earliest human occupants of the Western Hemisphere. Three generations of practitioners have made great strides in the techno-environmental arena. However, we have largely... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69030012" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">late 1920s, peopling archaeology has sought to understand the earliest human occupants of the Western Hemisphere. Three generations of practitioners have made great strides in the techno-environmental arena. However, we have largely failed to tap into PaleoIndigenous intellectual, emotional, and social lives-the very domains that made Ice Age people as fully human as we are. As a result, our interpretations of those pioneering populations could often apply as readily to a colony of ants or a herd of wildebeest as they do to living, breathing, thinking, dreaming, loving, striving human ancestors. This article first explores the reasons for our failure to fully actualize First Peoples, identifying and implicating a feedback loop that includes practitioner homogeneity (we have always been and continue to be disproportionately white men of European descent); our predominantly positivist worldview; our language, training, and practice; and even the limited nature of the material record we study. This article also, however, highlights the ways that an important minority of peopling scholars have sought to access the humanity of PaleoIndigenous people. By more consistently mobilizing our own human capacity to creatively interrogate the deep past, we will produce scholarship that more consistently recognizes the capacity of the people who lived it and, just as importantly, respects those living today.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69030012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f96ffbf312a0c944e015785b4af5c3c7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79285641,"asset_id":69030012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79285641/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2828738" href="https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado">Bonnie L Pitblado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2828738" type="text/json">{"id":2828738,"first_name":"Bonnie","last_name":"Pitblado","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"BonniePitblado","display_name":"Bonnie L Pitblado","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2828738/925707/1158988/s65_bonnie.pitblado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69030012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69030012"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69030012, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69030012", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69030012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69030012; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69030012"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69030012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69030012"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69030012; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69030012]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69030012").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69030012").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69030012"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88081" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_Ritual">Paleoindian Ritual</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88081" type="text/json">{"id":88081,"name":"Paleoindian Ritual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_Ritual?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136219" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoamericans">Paleoamericans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="136219" type="text/json">{"id":136219,"name":"Paleoamericans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoamericans?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69030012]'), work: {"id":69030012,"title":"On Rehumanizing Pleistocene People of the Western Hemisphere","created_at":"2022-01-21T09:52:01.320-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69030012/On_Rehumanizing_Pleistocene_People_of_the_Western_Hemisphere?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_69030012","summary":"late 1920s, peopling archaeology has sought to understand the earliest human occupants of the Western Hemisphere. Three generations of practitioners have made great strides in the techno-environmental arena. However, we have largely failed to tap into PaleoIndigenous intellectual, emotional, and social lives-the very domains that made Ice Age people as fully human as we are. As a result, our interpretations of those pioneering populations could often apply as readily to a colony of ants or a herd of wildebeest as they do to living, breathing, thinking, dreaming, loving, striving human ancestors. This article first explores the reasons for our failure to fully actualize First Peoples, identifying and implicating a feedback loop that includes practitioner homogeneity (we have always been and continue to be disproportionately white men of European descent); our predominantly positivist worldview; our language, training, and practice; and even the limited nature of the material record we study. This article also, however, highlights the ways that an important minority of peopling scholars have sought to access the humanity of PaleoIndigenous people. By more consistently mobilizing our own human capacity to creatively interrogate the deep past, we will produce scholarship that more consistently recognizes the capacity of the people who lived it and, just as importantly, respects those living today.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79285641,"asset_id":69030012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2828738,"first_name":"Bonnie","last_name":"Pitblado","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"BonniePitblado","display_name":"Bonnie L Pitblado","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/BonniePitblado?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2828738/925707/1158988/s65_bonnie.pitblado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":88081,"name":"Paleoindian Ritual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_Ritual?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":136219,"name":"Paleoamericans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoamericans?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":203654,"name":"Paleoindian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"},{"id":429544,"name":"Paleoindian Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_Research?f_ri=55633"},{"id":559690,"name":"PaleoIndian adaptations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PaleoIndian_adaptations?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38656203 coauthored" data-work_id="38656203" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38656203/Chapter_4_Clocking_the_arrival_of_Homo_sapiens_in_the_Southern_Cone_of_South_America">Chapter 4 Clocking the arrival of Homo sapiens in the Southern Cone of South America</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Southern Cone of South America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Southeastern Brazil) was the last continental mass colonized by humans. Until recently, the discussion about the peopling of the Americas revolved around the Clovis... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38656203" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Southern Cone of South America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Southeastern Brazil) was the last continental mass colonized by humans. Until recently, the discussion about the peopling of the Americas revolved around the Clovis First-Pre-Clovis debate. Nowadays, the axis of this debate has changed (it has been consistently proved that there were people in the Americas before Clovis) and the central debate is if humans were South of the Laurentide/Cordilleran Ice Sheet after or before the onset of deglaciation (ca. 18 to 19 ky) of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, while several models have been proposed to uphold the first hypothesis, the second one is only supported by isolated site reports and sparse data. With very few exceptions, no coherent models have been proposed to integrate the few suggested pre-LGM sites sprawled in the continent. In this scenario, a fine-grain study of the timing of the arrival and the spatial occupation sequences of the expansion process is significant to understand the pattern of colonization of Homo sapiens in the Americas. In this chapter, we summarize and discuss the evidence from some key sites in the Southern Cone with pre-and post-onset of LGM deglaciation ages. We present a compilation of the earliest 14 C dates as a proxy of human presence in the Southern Cone, both from samples (charcoal, faunal remains, etc.) associated with human presence as well from human skeletons. Based this data, we analyze the main chronological trends and spatial sequences in the region. Finally, we contrast our results from the Southern Cone with the new continental scale models of peopling of the Americas, based on ancient DNA. Resumen El Cono Sur de Sudamérica (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay y el sureste de Brasil) fue la última masa continental colonizada por los humanos. Hasta hace poco, la dis-cusión sobre el poblamiento de América giró en torno al debate Clovis-Primero vs. Pre-Clovis. Actualmente el eje del debate ha cambiado ya que ha sido acepta-do consistentemente que hubo gente en el continente americano antes de Clovis), concentrándose en si los humanos estuvieron en el sur de la escudo gla-cial Laurentino/Cordillerano antes o después del comienzo de desglaciación New Perspectives on the Peopling of the Americas, ed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38656203" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="79f11a687d78fedaffd1aca99a6dc0fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58735244,"asset_id":38656203,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58735244/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2428944" href="https://conicet.academia.edu/GustavoPolitis">Gustavo Politis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2428944" type="text/json">{"id":2428944,"first_name":"Gustavo","last_name":"Politis","domain_name":"conicet","page_name":"GustavoPolitis","display_name":"Gustavo Politis","profile_url":"https://conicet.academia.edu/GustavoPolitis?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2428944/763756/102117442/s65_gustavo.politis.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38656203">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38656203"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unlp.academia.edu/LucianoPrates">Luciano Prates</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38656203'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38656203').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38656203 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38656203"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38656203, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38656203", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38656203 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38656203; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38656203"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38656203 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38656203"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38656203; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38656203]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38656203").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38656203").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38656203"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28226" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bayesian_Radiocarbon_Dating">Bayesian Radiocarbon Dating</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28226" type="text/json">{"id":28226,"name":"Bayesian Radiocarbon Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bayesian_Radiocarbon_Dating?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112668" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiocarbon_Dating_Archaeology_">Radiocarbon Dating (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112668" type="text/json">{"id":112668,"name":"Radiocarbon Dating (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiocarbon_Dating_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38656203]'), work: {"id":38656203,"title":"Chapter 4 Clocking the arrival of Homo sapiens in the Southern Cone of South America","created_at":"2019-03-28T12:31:44.323-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38656203/Chapter_4_Clocking_the_arrival_of_Homo_sapiens_in_the_Southern_Cone_of_South_America?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_38656203","summary":"The Southern Cone of South America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Southeastern Brazil) was the last continental mass colonized by humans. Until recently, the discussion about the peopling of the Americas revolved around the Clovis First-Pre-Clovis debate. Nowadays, the axis of this debate has changed (it has been consistently proved that there were people in the Americas before Clovis) and the central debate is if humans were South of the Laurentide/Cordilleran Ice Sheet after or before the onset of deglaciation (ca. 18 to 19 ky) of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, while several models have been proposed to uphold the first hypothesis, the second one is only supported by isolated site reports and sparse data. With very few exceptions, no coherent models have been proposed to integrate the few suggested pre-LGM sites sprawled in the continent. In this scenario, a fine-grain study of the timing of the arrival and the spatial occupation sequences of the expansion process is significant to understand the pattern of colonization of Homo sapiens in the Americas. In this chapter, we summarize and discuss the evidence from some key sites in the Southern Cone with pre-and post-onset of LGM deglaciation ages. We present a compilation of the earliest 14 C dates as a proxy of human presence in the Southern Cone, both from samples (charcoal, faunal remains, etc.) associated with human presence as well from human skeletons. Based this data, we analyze the main chronological trends and spatial sequences in the region. Finally, we contrast our results from the Southern Cone with the new continental scale models of peopling of the Americas, based on ancient DNA. Resumen El Cono Sur de Sudamérica (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay y el sureste de Brasil) fue la última masa continental colonizada por los humanos. Hasta hace poco, la dis-cusión sobre el poblamiento de América giró en torno al debate Clovis-Primero vs. Pre-Clovis. Actualmente el eje del debate ha cambiado ya que ha sido acepta-do consistentemente que hubo gente en el continente americano antes de Clovis), concentrándose en si los humanos estuvieron en el sur de la escudo gla-cial Laurentino/Cordillerano antes o después del comienzo de desglaciación New Perspectives on the Peopling of the Americas, ed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58735244,"asset_id":38656203,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2428944,"first_name":"Gustavo","last_name":"Politis","domain_name":"conicet","page_name":"GustavoPolitis","display_name":"Gustavo Politis","profile_url":"https://conicet.academia.edu/GustavoPolitis?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2428944/763756/102117442/s65_gustavo.politis.jpg"},{"id":1008320,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Prates","domain_name":"unlp","page_name":"LucianoPrates","display_name":"Luciano Prates","profile_url":"https://unlp.academia.edu/LucianoPrates?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1008320/1587618/33828629/s65_luciano.prates.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":28226,"name":"Bayesian Radiocarbon Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bayesian_Radiocarbon_Dating?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":112668,"name":"Radiocarbon Dating (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiocarbon_Dating_Archaeology_?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11623023" data-work_id="11623023" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11623023/Special_volume_MULTIDISCIPLINARY_STUDIES_ON_THE_HUMAN_ENVIRONMENT_INTERACTION_DURING_THE_INITIAL_PEOPLING_OF_THE_AMERICAS">Special volume MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES ON THE HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION DURING THE INITIAL PEOPLING OF THE AMERICAS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11623023" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="844237" href="https://unlp.academia.edu/DelgadoMiguel">Miguel Delgado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="844237" type="text/json">{"id":844237,"first_name":"Miguel","last_name":"Delgado","domain_name":"unlp","page_name":"DelgadoMiguel","display_name":"Miguel Delgado","profile_url":"https://unlp.academia.edu/DelgadoMiguel?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/844237/301048/15391990/s65_miguel.delgado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11623023 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11623023"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11623023, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11623023", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11623023 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden 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'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11623023]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11623023").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11623023").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11623023"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3991" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Environment_Relations">Human-Environment Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3991" type="text/json">{"id":3991,"name":"Human-Environment Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Environment_Relations?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunters_Fishers_and_Gatherers_Archaeology">Hunters, Fishers and Gatherers' Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8184" type="text/json">{"id":8184,"name":"Hunters, Fishers and Gatherers' Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunters_Fishers_and_Gatherers_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11623023]'), work: {"id":11623023,"title":"Special volume MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES ON THE HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION DURING THE INITIAL PEOPLING OF THE AMERICAS","created_at":"2015-03-23T21:26:32.476-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11623023/Special_volume_MULTIDISCIPLINARY_STUDIES_ON_THE_HUMAN_ENVIRONMENT_INTERACTION_DURING_THE_INITIAL_PEOPLING_OF_THE_AMERICAS?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_11623023","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37091509,"asset_id":11623023,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":844237,"first_name":"Miguel","last_name":"Delgado","domain_name":"unlp","page_name":"DelgadoMiguel","display_name":"Miguel Delgado","profile_url":"https://unlp.academia.edu/DelgadoMiguel?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/844237/301048/15391990/s65_miguel.delgado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":3991,"name":"Human-Environment Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Environment_Relations?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":8184,"name":"Hunters, Fishers and Gatherers' Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunters_Fishers_and_Gatherers_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":17007,"name":"Prehistoric Settlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Settlement?f_ri=55633"},{"id":30254,"name":"Pleistocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene?f_ri=55633"},{"id":32948,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":41578,"name":"Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherer_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":42252,"name":"Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Pleistocene_to_Early_Holocene?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":219622,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4405547" data-work_id="4405547" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4405547/Clovis_era_Subsistence_Regional_Variability_Continental_Patterning_book_chapter_">Clovis-era Subsistence: Regional Variability, Continental Patterning (book chapter)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Clovis-era subsistence was variable from site to site and region to region, but large mammals numerically dominate at archeological sites with food remains. Plant remains are extremely scarce in Clovis sites. The lack of specialized... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4405547" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Clovis-era subsistence was variable from site to site and region to region, but large mammals numerically dominate at archeological sites with food remains.  Plant remains are extremely scarce in Clovis sites.  The lack of specialized processing and storage technology suggests seeds and nuts were not prominent in the diet, as they became in later times.  Sites dated to a possible proto-Clovis phase, 1,000—3,000 years older than the generally accepted age of Clovis, also contain mostly or exclusively large-mammal remains.  Many (perhaps most or all) of the largest animals were probably killed and butchered by Late Glacial foragers; they were not found dead and scavenged by people.  Proboscidean carcass utilization by Clovis butchers was often incomplete, because Clovis foraging bands were small in number, very mobile, and most likely could predict where to find vulnerable prey.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4405547" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a32b7081acbdc2781682680c74133b99" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31832774,"asset_id":4405547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31832774/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3422986" href="https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GaryHaynes">Gary Haynes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3422986" type="text/json">{"id":3422986,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Haynes","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"GaryHaynes","display_name":"Gary Haynes","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GaryHaynes?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3422986/1163292/2444128/s65_gary.haynes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4405547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4405547"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4405547, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4405547", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4405547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4405547; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4405547"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4405547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4405547"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4405547; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4405547]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4405547").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4405547").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4405547"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236113" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis">Clovis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236113" type="text/json">{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236794" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene_megafauna">Pleistocene megafauna</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236794" type="text/json">{"id":236794,"name":"Pleistocene megafauna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene_megafauna?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="393307" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet_and_Subsistence">Diet and Subsistence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="393307" type="text/json">{"id":393307,"name":"Diet and Subsistence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet_and_Subsistence?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4405547]'), work: {"id":4405547,"title":"Clovis-era Subsistence: Regional Variability, Continental Patterning (book chapter)","created_at":"2013-09-04T02:57:58.687-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4405547/Clovis_era_Subsistence_Regional_Variability_Continental_Patterning_book_chapter_?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_4405547","summary":"Clovis-era subsistence was variable from site to site and region to region, but large mammals numerically dominate at archeological sites with food remains. Plant remains are extremely scarce in Clovis sites. The lack of specialized processing and storage technology suggests seeds and nuts were not prominent in the diet, as they became in later times. Sites dated to a possible proto-Clovis phase, 1,000—3,000 years older than the generally accepted age of Clovis, also contain mostly or exclusively large-mammal remains. Many (perhaps most or all) of the largest animals were probably killed and butchered by Late Glacial foragers; they were not found dead and scavenged by people. Proboscidean carcass utilization by Clovis butchers was often incomplete, because Clovis foraging bands were small in number, very mobile, and most likely could predict where to find vulnerable prey.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31832774,"asset_id":4405547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3422986,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Haynes","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"GaryHaynes","display_name":"Gary Haynes","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GaryHaynes?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3422986/1163292/2444128/s65_gary.haynes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":236794,"name":"Pleistocene megafauna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene_megafauna?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":393307,"name":"Diet and Subsistence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet_and_Subsistence?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24651307 coauthored" data-work_id="24651307" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24651307/The_Sudden_Flats_Site_A_Pleistocene_Holocene_Transition_Shell_Midden_on_Alta_Californias_Central_Coast">The Sudden Flats Site: A Pleistocene/Holocene Transition Shell Midden on Alta California's Central Coast</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Excavations at the Sudden Flats site on the coast of Vandenberg Air Force Base (AFB) revealed a dense, single-component shell midden dating around 10,725 calibrated years before present. Subsistence remains indicate a focus on shellfish,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24651307" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Excavations at the Sudden Flats site on the coast of Vandenberg Air<br />Force Base (AFB) revealed a dense, single-component shell midden dating<br />around 10,725 calibrated years before present. Subsistence remains indicate a<br />focus on shellfish, marine fish, and small mammals. Contrary to expectations,<br />the emphasis on marine resources is not unusual compared to later shell<br />middens on the Vandenberg coast. Surprisingly, however, the lithic assemblage<br />includes burins, burin spalls, and microblades—all items not found in<br />Vandenberg AFB assemblages later in time. The site also yielded much higher proportions of obsidian than found during subsequent time periods, suggesting<br />that exchange networks were active and extensive during these very early times.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24651307" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="97cc3f512f32885773db16371ca68b04" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44978864,"asset_id":24651307,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44978864/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="99260" href="https://wsu.academia.edu/DouglasHarro">Douglas Harro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="99260" type="text/json">{"id":99260,"first_name":"Douglas","last_name":"Harro","domain_name":"wsu","page_name":"DouglasHarro","display_name":"Douglas Harro","profile_url":"https://wsu.academia.edu/DouglasHarro?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99260/2072506/2438996/s65_douglas.harro.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-24651307">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-24651307"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://appliedearthworks.academia.edu/ErinEnright">Erin Enright</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeeannHaslouer">Leeann Haslouer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-24651307'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-24651307').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24651307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24651307"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24651307, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24651307", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24651307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24651307; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24651307"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24651307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24651307"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24651307; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24651307]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24651307").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24651307").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24651307"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14492" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_and_Island_Archaeology">Coastal and Island Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14492" type="text/json">{"id":14492,"name":"Coastal and Island Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_and_Island_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_Archaeology">California Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="59383" type="text/json">{"id":59383,"name":"California Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24651307]'), work: {"id":24651307,"title":"The Sudden Flats Site: A Pleistocene/Holocene Transition Shell Midden on Alta California's Central Coast","created_at":"2016-04-22T00:43:33.362-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24651307/The_Sudden_Flats_Site_A_Pleistocene_Holocene_Transition_Shell_Midden_on_Alta_Californias_Central_Coast?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_24651307","summary":"Excavations at the Sudden Flats site on the coast of Vandenberg Air\nForce Base (AFB) revealed a dense, single-component shell midden dating\naround 10,725 calibrated years before present. Subsistence remains indicate a\nfocus on shellfish, marine fish, and small mammals. Contrary to expectations,\nthe emphasis on marine resources is not unusual compared to later shell\nmiddens on the Vandenberg coast. Surprisingly, however, the lithic assemblage\nincludes burins, burin spalls, and microblades—all items not found in\nVandenberg AFB assemblages later in time. The site also yielded much higher proportions of obsidian than found during subsequent time periods, suggesting\nthat exchange networks were active and extensive during these very early times.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44978864,"asset_id":24651307,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":99260,"first_name":"Douglas","last_name":"Harro","domain_name":"wsu","page_name":"DouglasHarro","display_name":"Douglas Harro","profile_url":"https://wsu.academia.edu/DouglasHarro?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99260/2072506/2438996/s65_douglas.harro.jpg"},{"id":47779218,"first_name":"Erin","last_name":"Enright","domain_name":"appliedearthworks","page_name":"ErinEnright","display_name":"Erin Enright","profile_url":"https://appliedearthworks.academia.edu/ErinEnright?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47779218/20732697/20301175/s65_erin.enright.jpg"},{"id":9516457,"first_name":"Leeann","last_name":"Haslouer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LeeannHaslouer","display_name":"Leeann Haslouer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LeeannHaslouer?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":14492,"name":"Coastal and Island Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_and_Island_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":59383,"name":"California Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40206470" data-work_id="40206470" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40206470/The_North_Atlantic_ice_edge_corridor_a_possible_Palaeolithic_route_to_the_New_World">The North Atlantic ice-edge corridor: a possible Palaeolithic route to the New World</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The early peopling of the New World has been a topic of intense research since the early twentieth century. We contend that the exclusive focus of research on a Beringian entry point has not been productive. Evidence has accumulated over... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40206470" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The early peopling of the New World has been a topic of intense research since the early twentieth century. We contend that the exclusive focus of research on a Beringian entry point has not been productive. Evidence has accumulated over the past two decades indicating that the earliest origin of people in North America may have been from southwestern Europe during the last glacial maximum. In this summary we outline a theory of a Solutrean origin for Clovis culture and briefly present the archaeological data supporting this assertion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40206470" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19f19f1047af17c1bbe0bcac857dd46a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60432646,"asset_id":40206470,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60432646/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="66318750" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/BBradley">Bruce Bradley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="66318750" type="text/json">{"id":66318750,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Bradley","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"BBradley","display_name":"Bruce Bradley","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/BBradley?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/66318750/31448207/28862755/s65_bruce.bradley.gif"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40206470 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40206470"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40206470, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40206470", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40206470 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40206470; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40206470"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40206470 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40206470"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40206470; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40206470]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40206470").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40206470").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40206470"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="195171" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology">Paleoindian archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="195171" type="text/json">{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40206470]'), work: {"id":40206470,"title":"The North Atlantic ice-edge corridor: a possible Palaeolithic route to the New World","created_at":"2019-08-29T10:45:19.268-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40206470/The_North_Atlantic_ice_edge_corridor_a_possible_Palaeolithic_route_to_the_New_World?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_40206470","summary":"The early peopling of the New World has been a topic of intense research since the early twentieth century. We contend that the exclusive focus of research on a Beringian entry point has not been productive. Evidence has accumulated over the past two decades indicating that the earliest origin of people in North America may have been from southwestern Europe during the last glacial maximum. In this summary we outline a theory of a Solutrean origin for Clovis culture and briefly present the archaeological data supporting this assertion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60432646,"asset_id":40206470,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":66318750,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Bradley","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"BBradley","display_name":"Bruce Bradley","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/BBradley?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/66318750/31448207/28862755/s65_bruce.bradley.gif"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25746335 coauthored" data-work_id="25746335" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25746335/Sinodonty_Sundadonty_and_the_Beringian_Standstill_model_Issues_of_timing_and_migrations_into_the_New_World">Sinodonty, Sundadonty, and the Beringian Standstill model: Issues of timing and migrations into the New World</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">C.G. Turner II made dental morphological observations on thousands of Eskimo-Aleuts and American Indians and concluded they were derived from ancestral populations in northeast Asia during the last stages of the Pleistocene. He further... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25746335" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">C.G. Turner II made dental morphological observations on thousands of Eskimo-Aleuts and American Indians and concluded they were derived from ancestral populations in northeast Asia during the last stages of the Pleistocene. He further distinguished two dental patterns in Asia. In East Asia, populations exhibit Sinodonty, a specialized dentition with intensified trait expressions. Southeast Asians exhibit Sundadonty, a more generalized dentition for crown and root traits. Turner argued all New World groups were derived from Sinodonts. Recent work has led some researchers to conclude there is evidence for the Sundadont pattern in Native American populations, an observation in accord with craniometric research that argues for an early migration of a generalized Asian population, followed by an influx of more specialized northeast Asians. A reanalysis of Turner's dataset fails to reveal evidence for a Sundadont component in the settlement of the Americas, but it does provide support for the Beringian Standstill model proposed by geneticists.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25746335" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="738d6a405d239de8f6cc381dde1f3aa3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46103272,"asset_id":25746335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46103272/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4693620" href="https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/MarinPilloud">Marin Pilloud</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4693620" type="text/json">{"id":4693620,"first_name":"Marin","last_name":"Pilloud","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"MarinPilloud","display_name":"Marin Pilloud","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/MarinPilloud?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4693620/1977641/15407982/s65_marin.pilloud.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-25746335">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-25746335"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/KirkSchmitz">Kirk Schmitz</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/KellyHeim">Kelly Heim</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-25746335'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-25746335').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25746335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25746335"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25746335, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25746335", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25746335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25746335; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25746335"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25746335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25746335"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25746335; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25746335]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25746335").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25746335").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25746335"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46162" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodistance">Biodistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46162" type="text/json">{"id":46162,"name":"Biodistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodistance?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73301" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Morphology">Dental Morphology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73301" type="text/json">{"id":73301,"name":"Dental Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Morphology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25746335]'), work: {"id":25746335,"title":"Sinodonty, Sundadonty, and the Beringian Standstill model: Issues of timing and migrations into the New World","created_at":"2016-05-31T10:39:05.288-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25746335/Sinodonty_Sundadonty_and_the_Beringian_Standstill_model_Issues_of_timing_and_migrations_into_the_New_World?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_25746335","summary":"C.G. Turner II made dental morphological observations on thousands of Eskimo-Aleuts and American Indians and concluded they were derived from ancestral populations in northeast Asia during the last stages of the Pleistocene. He further distinguished two dental patterns in Asia. In East Asia, populations exhibit Sinodonty, a specialized dentition with intensified trait expressions. Southeast Asians exhibit Sundadonty, a more generalized dentition for crown and root traits. Turner argued all New World groups were derived from Sinodonts. Recent work has led some researchers to conclude there is evidence for the Sundadont pattern in Native American populations, an observation in accord with craniometric research that argues for an early migration of a generalized Asian population, followed by an influx of more specialized northeast Asians. A reanalysis of Turner's dataset fails to reveal evidence for a Sundadont component in the settlement of the Americas, but it does provide support for the Beringian Standstill model proposed by geneticists.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46103272,"asset_id":25746335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4693620,"first_name":"Marin","last_name":"Pilloud","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"MarinPilloud","display_name":"Marin Pilloud","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/MarinPilloud?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4693620/1977641/15407982/s65_marin.pilloud.jpg"},{"id":1339690,"first_name":"Kirk","last_name":"Schmitz","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"KirkSchmitz","display_name":"Kirk Schmitz","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/KirkSchmitz?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":58984625,"first_name":"Kelly","last_name":"Heim","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"KellyHeim","display_name":"Kelly Heim","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/KellyHeim?f_ri=55633","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":46162,"name":"Biodistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodistance?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":73301,"name":"Dental Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Morphology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36650194" data-work_id="36650194" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36650194/California_Archaeology_Fluted_and_Basally_Thinned_Concave_Base_Points_of_Obsidian_in_the_Borden_Collection_from_Inyo_County_Alta_California_Age_and_Significance">California Archaeology Fluted and Basally Thinned Concave-Base Points of Obsidian in the Borden Collection from Inyo County, Alta California: Age and Significance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article describes, classiﬁes, and provides the calculated ages of 14 basally thinned and ﬂuted points of obsidian in the Borden collection from Rose Valley in southern Inyo County, California. With the exception of one item of Fish... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36650194" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article describes, classiﬁes, and provides the calculated ages of 14 basally thinned and ﬂuted points of obsidian in the Borden collection from Rose Valley in southern Inyo County, California. With the exception of one item of Fish Springs obsidian, the specimens are all made of glass from geologic subsources in the Coso Volcanic Field. Typologically, the fragmentary and reworked artifacts appear to represent Clovis, or perhaps Clovis-derived, concave-base lanceolate points. Obsidian hydration measurements permit age calculations that range between approximately 13,793 and 11,308 calendar years ago. The calculated ages of the Borden artifacts are consistent with their discovery on landforms associated with Younger Dryas and very early Holocene wetlands. Our research results also suggest that Clovis technology may have persisted longer in California than it did in the southeastern, central, and southwestern United States.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36650194" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e44f0884ea8248017b1b18c5de446ce9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56583640,"asset_id":36650194,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56583640/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2406262" href="https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel">Alan Garfinkel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2406262" type="text/json">{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36650194 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36650194"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36650194, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36650194", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36650194 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36650194; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36650194"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36650194 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36650194"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36650194; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36650194]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36650194").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36650194").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36650194"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology">Lithic Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19728" type="text/json">{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36650194]'), work: {"id":36650194,"title":"California Archaeology Fluted and Basally Thinned Concave-Base Points of Obsidian in the Borden Collection from Inyo County, Alta California: Age and Significance","created_at":"2018-05-16T10:57:19.192-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36650194/California_Archaeology_Fluted_and_Basally_Thinned_Concave_Base_Points_of_Obsidian_in_the_Borden_Collection_from_Inyo_County_Alta_California_Age_and_Significance?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_36650194","summary":"This article describes, classiﬁes, and provides the calculated ages of 14 basally thinned and ﬂuted points of obsidian in the Borden collection from Rose Valley in southern Inyo County, California. With the exception of one item of Fish Springs obsidian, the specimens are all made of glass from geologic subsources in the Coso Volcanic Field. Typologically, the fragmentary and reworked artifacts appear to represent Clovis, or perhaps Clovis-derived, concave-base lanceolate points. Obsidian hydration measurements permit age calculations that range between approximately 13,793 and 11,308 calendar years ago. The calculated ages of the Borden artifacts are consistent with their discovery on landforms associated with Younger Dryas and very early Holocene wetlands. Our research results also suggest that Clovis technology may have persisted longer in California than it did in the southeastern, central, and southwestern United States.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56583640,"asset_id":36650194,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=55633"},{"id":41578,"name":"Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherer_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":110204,"name":"Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dating?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=55633"},{"id":250543,"name":"Primitive Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primitive_Arts?f_ri=55633"},{"id":470591,"name":"Clovis stone tool technology, land use and lithic resources procurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis_stone_tool_technology_land_use_and_lithic_resources_procurement?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43428850" data-work_id="43428850" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43428850/Creationist_pseudoscience_in_the_American_university">Creationist pseudoscience in the American university</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter focuses on a field of research in narrative studies that is central to multicultural education: how can we advance our understanding of the traditional narrative genres? Continuing work in the partnership between researchers... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43428850" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter focuses on a field of research in narrative studies that is central to multicultural education: how can we advance our understanding of the traditional narrative genres? Continuing work in the partnership between researchers and communities is of great importance because of a unique circumstance: much of the cultural and artistic inheritance in this realm of literature is endangered. However, within the academy itself, the growing popularity of a version of relativism has placed this work in jeopardy. The relativist position denies that objective evidence can be brought to bear on scientific proposals because the validity of the evidence, it is claimed, is relative to the beliefs, worldview or political interests of social groups. In the present case, the denial of objectivity is directed against new findings in evolutionary science and population genetics. The new findings are consistent with the established consensus on human evolution. But it has now been questioned by relativist theories, reflecting a selective and in effect discriminatory down-grading of the centrality of science education.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43428850" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9b413d44c3e08af8eae4cb15bf00625d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63732081,"asset_id":43428850,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63732081/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1133809" href="https://nau.academia.edu/NFrancis">Norbert Francis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1133809" type="text/json">{"id":1133809,"first_name":"Norbert","last_name":"Francis","domain_name":"nau","page_name":"NFrancis","display_name":"Norbert Francis","profile_url":"https://nau.academia.edu/NFrancis?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1133809/397633/33877225/s65_norbert.francis.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43428850 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43428850"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43428850, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43428850", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43428850 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43428850; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43428850"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43428850 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43428850"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43428850; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43428850]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43428850").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43428850").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43428850"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3891" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orality-Literacy_Studies">Orality-Literacy Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3891" type="text/json">{"id":3891,"name":"Orality-Literacy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orality-Literacy_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43428850]'), work: {"id":43428850,"title":"Creationist pseudoscience in the American university","created_at":"2020-06-24T16:14:00.700-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43428850/Creationist_pseudoscience_in_the_American_university?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_43428850","summary":"This chapter focuses on a field of research in narrative studies that is central to multicultural education: how can we advance our understanding of the traditional narrative genres? Continuing work in the partnership between researchers and communities is of great importance because of a unique circumstance: much of the cultural and artistic inheritance in this realm of literature is endangered. However, within the academy itself, the growing popularity of a version of relativism has placed this work in jeopardy. The relativist position denies that objective evidence can be brought to bear on scientific proposals because the validity of the evidence, it is claimed, is relative to the beliefs, worldview or political interests of social groups. In the present case, the denial of objectivity is directed against new findings in evolutionary science and population genetics. The new findings are consistent with the established consensus on human evolution. But it has now been questioned by relativist theories, reflecting a selective and in effect discriminatory down-grading of the centrality of science education.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63732081,"asset_id":43428850,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1133809,"first_name":"Norbert","last_name":"Francis","domain_name":"nau","page_name":"NFrancis","display_name":"Norbert Francis","profile_url":"https://nau.academia.edu/NFrancis?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1133809/397633/33877225/s65_norbert.francis.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":3891,"name":"Orality-Literacy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orality-Literacy_Studies?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":7540,"name":"Oral Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Traditions?f_ri=55633"},{"id":10444,"name":"Postmodernism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmodernism?f_ri=55633"},{"id":17645,"name":"South American indigenous languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_American_indigenous_languages?f_ri=55633"},{"id":19495,"name":"Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=55633"},{"id":24347,"name":"Creationism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creationism?f_ri=55633"},{"id":35927,"name":"Human origins (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_origins_Anthropology_?f_ri=55633"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633"},{"id":91628,"name":"Modern Human Origins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Human_Origins?f_ri=55633"},{"id":208901,"name":"New World Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_World_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":236101,"name":"Peopling of the New World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peopling_of_the_New_World?f_ri=55633"},{"id":267142,"name":"Creationism in education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creationism_in_education?f_ri=55633"},{"id":727416,"name":"Concepts of Modernism and Postmodernism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concepts_of_Modernism_and_Postmodernism?f_ri=55633"},{"id":972455,"name":"Creationism V Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creationism_V_Evolution?f_ri=55633"},{"id":972472,"name":"Poetic Research of Oral Tradition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetic_Research_of_Oral_Tradition?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34688167 coauthored" data-work_id="34688167" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34688167/Late_Pleistocene_to_Holocene_history_of_Lake_Warner_and_its_prehistoric_occupations_Warner_Valley_Oregon_USA">Late Pleistocene to Holocene history of Lake Warner and its prehistoric occupations, Warner Valley, Oregon (USA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the late Pleistocene, Warner Valley (Oregon, USA) was filled by Lake Warner; however, little is known about its rise and fall and how its changing lake levels effected the distribution of the valley's earliest occupants. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34688167" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the late Pleistocene, Warner Valley (Oregon, USA) was filled by Lake Warner; however, little is known about its rise and fall and how its changing lake levels effected the distribution of the valley's earliest occupants. The discovery of Paleoindian projectile points along ancient shorelines of the lake spurred us to examine them for geochronological controls to aid in constructing the lake's history. We found that Lake Warner filled the valley floor between ca. 30,000 and 10,300 cal yr BP, probably reaching its maximum ca. 17,000–16,100 cal yr BP before it began to recede. People arrived with Clovis and Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) projectile points before ca. 12,800 cal yr BP, around the time the lake stalled in its retreat. When the lake continued its decline, people using WST points followed it southward into the valley floor, where dune-and-slough topography began developing ca. 10,300 cal yr BP in response to episodic wetting and drying during the early Holocene. By the time Mazama tephra fell, ca. 7600 cal yr BP, the once large lake was divided into a series of small lakes, ponds, and sloughs that attracted people to their abundant resources of endemic fish and marsh plants.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34688167" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdd90512c851dce6dfd6f4dc090c83a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54547008,"asset_id":34688167,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54547008/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="290829" href="https://dri.academia.edu/TeresaWriston">Teresa Wriston</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="290829" type="text/json">{"id":290829,"first_name":"Teresa","last_name":"Wriston","domain_name":"dri","page_name":"TeresaWriston","display_name":"Teresa Wriston","profile_url":"https://dri.academia.edu/TeresaWriston?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/290829/59316/61638/s65_teresa.wriston.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34688167">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34688167"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GeoffreySmith">Geoffrey Smith</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34688167'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34688167').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34688167 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34688167"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34688167, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34688167", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34688167 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34688167; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34688167"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34688167 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34688167"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34688167; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34688167]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34688167").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34688167").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34688167"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="417" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology">Paleontology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="417" type="text/json">{"id":417,"name":"Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians">Paleoindians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33881" type="text/json">{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55633" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas">The peopling of the Americas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55633" type="text/json">{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63532" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology">Great Basin Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63532" type="text/json">{"id":63532,"name":"Great Basin Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34688167]'), work: {"id":34688167,"title":"Late Pleistocene to Holocene history of Lake Warner and its prehistoric occupations, Warner Valley, Oregon (USA","created_at":"2017-09-26T19:59:19.935-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34688167/Late_Pleistocene_to_Holocene_history_of_Lake_Warner_and_its_prehistoric_occupations_Warner_Valley_Oregon_USA?f_ri=55633","dom_id":"work_34688167","summary":"During the late Pleistocene, Warner Valley (Oregon, USA) was filled by Lake Warner; however, little is known about its rise and fall and how its changing lake levels effected the distribution of the valley's earliest occupants. The discovery of Paleoindian projectile points along ancient shorelines of the lake spurred us to examine them for geochronological controls to aid in constructing the lake's history. We found that Lake Warner filled the valley floor between ca. 30,000 and 10,300 cal yr BP, probably reaching its maximum ca. 17,000–16,100 cal yr BP before it began to recede. People arrived with Clovis and Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) projectile points before ca. 12,800 cal yr BP, around the time the lake stalled in its retreat. When the lake continued its decline, people using WST points followed it southward into the valley floor, where dune-and-slough topography began developing ca. 10,300 cal yr BP in response to episodic wetting and drying during the early Holocene. By the time Mazama tephra fell, ca. 7600 cal yr BP, the once large lake was divided into a series of small lakes, ponds, and sloughs that attracted people to their abundant resources of endemic fish and marsh plants.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54547008,"asset_id":34688167,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":290829,"first_name":"Teresa","last_name":"Wriston","domain_name":"dri","page_name":"TeresaWriston","display_name":"Teresa Wriston","profile_url":"https://dri.academia.edu/TeresaWriston?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/290829/59316/61638/s65_teresa.wriston.jpg"},{"id":5943018,"first_name":"Geoffrey","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"GeoffreySmith","display_name":"Geoffrey Smith","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/GeoffreySmith?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5943018/2537522/11856487/s65_geoffrey.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":417,"name":"Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":63532,"name":"Great Basin Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology?f_ri=55633","nofollow":false},{"id":195171,"name":"Paleoindian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindian_archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":351677,"name":"Oregon Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oregon_Archaeology?f_ri=55633"},{"id":351678,"name":"Pluvial Lakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pluvial_Lakes?f_ri=55633"},{"id":580754,"name":"Western Stemmed Tradition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Stemmed_Tradition?f_ri=55633"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37624585" data-work_id="37624585" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37624585/Genes_and_Myths_Which_Genes_and_Myths_did_the_Different_Waves_of_the_Peopling_of_Americas_Bring_to_the_New_World">Genes and Myths: Which Genes and Myths did the Different Waves of the Peopling of Americas Bring to the New World</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The spatial distribution of folklore-mythological motifs is shown to correlate rather tightly with the distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome (NRY) haplogroups. The analysis of spatial distribution of folklore... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37624585" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The spatial distribution of folklore-mythological motifs is shown to correlate rather tightly with the distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome (NRY) haplogroups. The analysis of spatial distribution of folklore mythological motifs confirms earlier findings of geneticists which identified South Siberia as the Old World homeland of the main wave of the peopling of the New World (the diffusion of the respective populations in the New World turns out to be associated with the spread of Clovis and para-Clovis archaeological cultures). Indeed, this is just South Siberia where the highest concentration of the Amerindian folklore-mythological motifs in Eurasia is observed. On the other hand, it turns out to be possible to connect the penetration of mtDNA HG C and NRY HG Q > Q3 to the New World with this migration wave. The spatial distribution of the 'Circumgobi-Amerindian' folklore-mythological motifs follows rather closely the distribution of mtDNA HG C in the New World. This makes it possible to reconstruct up to a considerable detail the mythology brought to the New World from South Siberia by this migration wave. Another migration wave turns out to be associated with the distribution of mtDNA HG B and motifs of 'Melazonian' mythological complex whose highest concentration is observed in Melanesia, on the one hand, and Amazonia, on the other. These motifs form a few connected sets, which suggest certain possibilities for the *</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37624585" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="647a50f294f413b2d5bb5e1965fdde9e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57608674,"asset_id":37624585,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57608674/download_file?st=MTczMjU1OTY3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1547747" href="https://hse-ru.academia.edu/AndreyKorotayev">Andrey Korotayev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1547747" type="text/json">{"id":1547747,"first_name":"Andrey","last_name":"Korotayev","domain_name":"hse-ru","page_name":"AndreyKorotayev","display_name":"Andrey Korotayev","profile_url":"https://hse-ru.academia.edu/AndreyKorotayev?f_ri=55633","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1547747/546497/59245288/s65_andrey.korotayev.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37624585 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37624585"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37624585, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37624585", }); 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The analysis of spatial distribution of folklore mythological motifs confirms earlier findings of geneticists which identified South Siberia as the Old World homeland of the main wave of the peopling of the New World (the diffusion of the respective populations in the New World turns out to be associated with the spread of Clovis and para-Clovis archaeological cultures). Indeed, this is just South Siberia where the highest concentration of the Amerindian folklore-mythological motifs in Eurasia is observed. On the other hand, it turns out to be possible to connect the penetration of mtDNA HG C and NRY HG Q \u003e Q3 to the New World with this migration wave. The spatial distribution of the 'Circumgobi-Amerindian' folklore-mythological motifs follows rather closely the distribution of mtDNA HG C in the New World. This makes it possible to reconstruct up to a considerable detail the mythology brought to the New World from South Siberia by this migration wave. Another migration wave turns out to be associated with the distribution of mtDNA HG B and motifs of 'Melazonian' mythological complex whose highest concentration is observed in Melanesia, on the one hand, and Amazonia, on the other. 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