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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_von_Herff" title="Maximilian von Herff – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maximilian von Herff" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_von_Herff" title="Maximilian von Herff – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maximilian von Herff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_von_Herff" title="Maximilian von Herff – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maximilian von Herff" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%81" title="ماكسيميليان فون هيرف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماكسيميليان فون هيرف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_von_Herff" title="Maximilian von Herff – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maximilian von Herff" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95" title="マキシミリアン・フォン・ヘルフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マキシミリアン・フォン・ヘルフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_von_Herff" title="Maximilian von Herff – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maximilian von Herff" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D1%84,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Херфф, Максимилиан фон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Херфф, Максимилиан фон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_von_Herff" title="Maximilian von Herff – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maximilian von Herff" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D1%84" title="Максиміліан фон Герфф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Максиміліан фон Герфф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German Waffen-SS commander, SS-Obergruppenführer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Maximilian von Herff</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_-_26549.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_-_26549.jpg/220px-Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_-_26549.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_-_26549.jpg/330px-Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_-_26549.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_-_26549.jpg/440px-Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_-_26549.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1345" data-file-height="903" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Herff (front right) during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">17 April 1893<br /><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 September 1945<span style="display:none">(1945-09-06)</span> (aged 52)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Cannock_Chase_German_war_cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannock Chase German war cemetery">Cannock Chase German war cemetery</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Obergruppenführer">Obergruppenführer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SS_Personnel_Main_Office" title="SS Personnel Main Office">SS Personnel Main Office</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%9319" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–19">German Revolution of 1918–19</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maximilian Karl Otto von Herff</b> (17 April 1893 – 6 September 1945) was a German senior <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> commander during the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi era">Nazi era</a>. He served as head of the <a href="/wiki/SS_Personnel_Main_Office" title="SS Personnel Main Office">SS Personnel Main Office</a> from 1942 to 1945. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_von_Herff&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maximilian von Herff was born in Hanover on 17 April 1893, the son of a general practitioner. The Protestant von Herff family originated from <a href="/wiki/Herve" title="Herve">Herve</a> in Belgium and moved to the Palatinate in 1577 to escape religious persecution. His ancestor Christian Herff had been inducted into the noble class in 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After school, Maximilian von Herff joined the army and became <i>Leutnant</i> (second lieutenant) in an infantry regiment of the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Army" title="Prussian Army">Prussian Army</a>); he served with the unit throughout World War I. He stayed in the <a href="/wiki/Reichswehr" title="Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a> after the war, and in 1926 served as <i>Oberleutnant</i> (lieutenant) in the 18. Reiter-Regiment in Stuttgart. In <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">Wehrmacht</a> on 3 January 1939, Herff reached the rank of Oberstleutnant (lieutenant-colonel). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_von_Herff&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Herff served with the <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Afrika_Korps" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsches Afrika Korps">Deutsches Afrika Korps</a></i> in North Africa. He was promoted to <i><a href="/wiki/Oberst" title="Oberst">Oberst</a></i> (colonel) and commanded "Kampfgruppe von Herff". For his service in North Africa he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a> in June 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the suggestion of <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>, he transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a>. On 1 April 1942 Herff joined the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> (member no. 8 858 661) and the SS (member no. 405 894). From 1 October 1942 to 8 May 1945, he was chief of the <a href="/wiki/SS_Personnel_Main_Office" title="SS Personnel Main Office">SS Personnel Main Office</a>. Herff dealt with internal and financial SS matters. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franke-Gricksch-Report.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Franke-Gricksch-Report.jpg/250px-Franke-Gricksch-Report.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Franke-Gricksch-Report.jpg/375px-Franke-Gricksch-Report.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Franke-Gricksch-Report.jpg/500px-Franke-Gricksch-Report.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1219" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption>Part of a report rendered by SS-Sturmbannführer Alfred Franke-Gricksch on a trip through the General Government on 4 to 16 May 1943. Excerpt by Eric M. Lipman, War Crime Branch Officer, Third U.S. Army</figcaption></figure> <p>In his later diary entries, Herff claimed to have had knowledge of the Final Solution but not have played any role in administrative or actual involvement in exterminations or deportations. However, on 14–15 May 1943, Herff was in Warsaw during the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a> and supervised its suppression under orders from Himmler. His adjutant, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Kaleske&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Kaleske (page does not exist)">Karl Kaleske</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kaleske" class="extiw" title="pl:Karl Kaleske">pl</a>]</span> wrote of the deportations carried out following the uprising to <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a> and other camps where "special action" was required. <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Stroop" title="Jürgen Stroop">Jürgen Stroop</a>'s report on the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a> contains a photograph of Herff and Stroop taken during the May 1943 visit and confirms Herff's visit to the ghetto 14 May 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 April 1944, Herff was promoted to SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Obergruppenführer">Obergruppenführer</a></i> (SS general).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capture_and_death">Capture and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_von_Herff&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Capture and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Herff was taken prisoner by British forces in 1945, and held at <a href="/wiki/Grizedale_Hall" title="Grizedale Hall">Grizedale Hall</a> POW camp. He suffered a stroke and died at nearby <a href="/wiki/Conishead_Priory" title="Conishead Priory">Conishead Priory</a> Military Hospital. He was later reburied at <a href="/wiki/Cannock_Chase_German_Military_Cemetery" title="Cannock Chase German Military Cemetery">Cannock Chase German Military Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>. </p><p>His sister Carin von Herff moved to London during his imprisonment where she lived for four years before returning to Germany with her French <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> husband, a former SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Oberf%C3%BChrer" title="Oberführer">Oberführer</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_Charlemagne_(1st_French)" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne (1st French)">33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne (1st French)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both were acquitted of any war crimes and, along with Maximilian von Herff, claimed they were only involved in the Nazi Party base and Waffen-SS<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> not the <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">extermination of the Jews</a>. The couple later returned to live in England in the 1960s. </p><p>His cousin was <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Herf" title="Eberhard Herf">Eberhard Herf</a>, a senior SS police official. He commanded <a href="/wiki/Police_Regiment_North" title="Police Regiment North">Police Regiment North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Order_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Order Police">Order Police</a> units in <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk, Belarus</a>; in the latter capacity, Eberhard Herf directed mass murder of the Jews in the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Ghetto" title="Minsk Ghetto">Minsk Ghetto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the war, Eberhard Herf was convicted in the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Trial" title="Minsk Trial">Minsk Trial</a> and executed.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_von_Herff&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a> on 13 June 1941 as <i><a href="/wiki/Oberst" title="Oberst">Oberst</a></i> and as commander of Kampfgruppe "von Herff" (Schützen-Regiment 115).<sup id="cite_ref-KC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_von_Herff&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Bd. 52, 210/212</i>. C.A.Starke Verlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genealogisches+Handbuch+des+Adels%2C+Bd.+52%2C+210%2F212&rft.pub=C.A.Starke+Verlag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaximilian+von+Herff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFellgiebel1986" class="citation book cs1">Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (1986). <i>Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes, 1939–1945. Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile</i>. Pozun Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7909-0284-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-7909-0284-5"><bdi>3-7909-0284-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Tr%C3%A4ger+des+Ritterkreuzes+des+Eisernen+Kreuzes%2C+1939%E2%80%931945.+Die+Inhaber+der+h%C3%B6chsten+Auszeichnung+des+Zweiten+Weltkrieges+aller+Wehrmachtteile&rft.pub=Pozun+Verlag&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=3-7909-0284-5&rft.aulast=Fellgiebel&rft.aufirst=Walther-Peer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaximilian+von+Herff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScherze2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Scherze, Veit (2007). <i>Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945</i> [<i>The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939</i>] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. p. 384. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-938845-17-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-938845-17-2"><bdi>978-3-938845-17-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Ritterkreuztr%C3%A4ger+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Jena%2C+Germany&rft.pages=384&rft.pub=Scherzers+Militaer-Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-938845-17-2&rft.aulast=Scherze&rft.aufirst=Veit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaximilian+von+Herff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jpfo.org/filegen-n-z/stroop.htm">Stroop Daily report 14 May 1943; accessed 18 August 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Dienstalterliste der Waffen-SS, SS-Obergruppenführer bis SS-Hauptsturmführer, Stand vom 1. Juli 1944, berichtigt 31.08.1944, 29.12.1944, 31.01.1945</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dienstalterliste+der+Waffen-SS%2C+SS-Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer+bis+SS-Hauptsturmf%C3%BChrer%2C+Stand+vom+1.+Juli+1944%2C+berichtigt+31.08.1944%2C+29.12.1944%2C+31.01.1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaximilian+von+Herff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Preradovich1985" class="citation book cs1">von Preradovich, Nikolaus (1985). <i>Die Generale der Waffen-SS</i>. Kurt Vowinckel Verlag KG. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-921-655-41-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-921-655-41-2"><bdi>3-921-655-41-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Generale+der+Waffen-SS&rft.pub=Kurt+Vowinckel+Verlag+KG&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=3-921-655-41-2&rft.aulast=von+Preradovich&rft.aufirst=Nikolaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaximilian+von+Herff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The USA and us"-"The sins of the forefathers" J. Andreani,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlood2006" class="citation book cs1">Blood, Philip W. (2006). <i><a href="/wiki/Hitler%27s_Bandit_Hunters" title="Hitler's Bandit Hunters">Hitler's Bandit Hunters: The SS and the Nazi Occupation of Europe</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Potomac_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Potomac Books">Potomac Books</a>. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59797-021-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59797-021-1"><bdi>978-1-59797-021-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Bandit+Hunters%3A+The+SS+and+the+Nazi+Occupation+of+Europe&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-59797-021-1&rft.aulast=Blood&rft.aufirst=Philip+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaximilian+von+Herff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeer1995" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Heer" title="Hannes Heer">Heer, Hannes</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hannesheer.de/theater/der-minsker-prozess/">"Der Minsker Prozess"</a>. Hannesheer.de.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Der+Minsker+Prozess&rft.pub=Hannesheer.de&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Heer&rft.aufirst=Hannes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hannesheer.de%2Ftheater%2Fder-minsker-prozess%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaximilian+von+Herff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Knight&#039;s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_recipients_of_the_15th_Panzer_Division" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Knight&#039;s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_recipients_of_the_15th_Panzer_Division" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a> recipients of the <a href="/wiki/15th_Panzer_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)">15th Panzer Division</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willibald_Borowietz" title="Willibald Borowietz">Willibald Borowietz</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <small>(Oak Leaves)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst-G%C3%BCnther_Baade" title="Ernst-Günther Baade">Ernst-Günther Baade</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <small>(Oak Leaves & Swords)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Cramer" title="Hans Cramer">Hans Cramer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Crasemann" title="Eduard Crasemann">Eduard Crasemann</a><sup><small>4</small></sup> <small>(Oak Leaves)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maximilian von Herff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_von_H%C3%B6%C3%9Flin" title="Roland von Hößlin">Roland von Hößlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav-Georg_Knabe" title="Gustav-Georg Knabe">Gustav-Georg Knabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_K%C3%BCmmel" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Kümmel">Johannes Kümmel</a> <small>(Oak Leaves)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Menny" title="Erwin Menny">Erwin Menny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Knight's Cross with the <a href="/wiki/9th_Panzer_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="9th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)">9th Panzer Division</a>. <sup><small>3</small></sup> Oak Leaves and Swords with the <a href="/wiki/90th_Panzergrenadier_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="90th Panzergrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)">90th Panzergrenadier Division</a>. <sup><small>4</small></sup> Oak Leaves with the <a href="/wiki/26th_Panzer_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)">26th Panzer Division</a>. <sup><small>5</small></sup> Oak Leaves with <a href="/wiki/102nd_Panzer_Brigade" title="102nd Panzer Brigade">102nd Panzer Brigade</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73671#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73671#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73671#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11939412X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr98030966">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13748417c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13748417c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007288437505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11939412X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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