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interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solc_cerebral" title="Solc cerebral – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Solc cerebral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surco_(neuroanatom%C3%ADa)" title="Surco (neuroanatomía) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Surco (neuroanatomía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillon_(neuroanatomie)" title="Sillon (neuroanatomie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sillon (neuroanatomie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%87%8C%EA%B3%A0%EB%9E%91" title="뇌고랑 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뇌고랑" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulkus_(neuroanatomi)" title="Sulkus (neuroanatomi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sulkus (neuroanatomi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solco_(neuroanatomia)" title="Solco (neuroanatomia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Solco (neuroanatomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sulcus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sulcus (disambiguation)">Sulcus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Sulcus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blausen_0115_BrainStructures.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Blausen_0115_BrainStructures.png/250px-Blausen_0115_BrainStructures.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Blausen_0115_BrainStructures.png/375px-Blausen_0115_BrainStructures.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Blausen_0115_BrainStructures.png/500px-Blausen_0115_BrainStructures.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1429" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Illustration depicting general <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> structures including sulci</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gyrus_sulcus-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gyrus_sulcus-en.svg/250px-Gyrus_sulcus-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gyrus_sulcus-en.svg/375px-Gyrus_sulcus-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gyrus_sulcus-en.svg/500px-Gyrus_sulcus-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="633" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sulcus and <a href="/wiki/Gyrus" title="Gyrus">gyrus</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroNames" title="NeuroNames">NeuroNames</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1208">1208</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.1.09.006%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.1.09.006</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=5433">5433</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma75759">75759</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2560248" class="extiw" title="d:Q2560248">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Neuroanatomy" title="Neuroanatomy">neuroanatomy</a>, a <b>sulcus</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: "furrow"; <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr>: <b>sulci</b>) is a shallow <a href="/wiki/Sulcus_(morphology)" title="Sulcus (morphology)">depression or groove</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cerebral cortex</a>. One or more sulci surround a <a href="/wiki/Gyrus" title="Gyrus">gyrus</a> (pl. gyri), a ridge on the surface of the cortex, creating the characteristic folded appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a> and most other <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>. The larger sulci are also called <a href="/wiki/Sulcus_(morphology)#Brain" title="Sulcus (morphology)">fissures</a>. The cortex develops in the <a href="/wiki/Fetal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fetal">fetal</a> stage of <a href="/wiki/Corticogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Corticogenesis">corticogenesis</a>, preceding the cortical folding stage known as <a href="/wiki/Gyrification" title="Gyrification">gyrification</a>. The large fissures and main sulci are the first to develop. </p><p>Mammals that have a folded cortex are known as <i>gyrencephalic</i>, and the small-brained mammals that have a smooth cortex, such as <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mice" class="mw-redirect" title="Mice">mice</a> are termed <a href="/wiki/Lissencephaly" title="Lissencephaly">lissencephalic</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brain_and_Nearby_Structures.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Brain_and_Nearby_Structures.png/260px-Brain_and_Nearby_Structures.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Brain_and_Nearby_Structures.png/390px-Brain_and_Nearby_Structures.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Brain_and_Nearby_Structures.png/520px-Brain_and_Nearby_Structures.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="873" /></a><figcaption>Sulci in relation to circulating <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sulci, the grooves, and gyri, the folds or ridges, make up the <a href="/wiki/Gyrification" title="Gyrification">folded surface</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cerebral cortex</a>. Larger or deeper sulci are also often termed <b>fissures</b>. The folded cortex creates a larger surface area for the brain in humans and other larger mammals, without the need of increasing the size of the <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cusack_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cusack-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">human brain</a>, two-thirds of the folded cortex is buried within the sulci, if the division of the hemispheres by the <a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_fissure" title="Longitudinal fissure">longitudinal fissure</a> is taken into account.<sup id="cite_ref-Ribas_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Willbrand_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willbrand-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sulci and fissures are shallow and deep grooves respectively in the cortex, that organise the brain into its regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Ribas_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sulcus is a shallow groove that surrounds a gyrus or part of a gyrus. A fissure is a deeper furrow that divides the brain into <a href="/wiki/Lobes_of_the_brain" title="Lobes of the brain">lobes</a>, and also into the two <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemisphere" title="Cerebral hemisphere">hemispheres</a> as the longitudinal fissure.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fissures are the most prominent and invariable of the sulci.<sup id="cite_ref-Ribas_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pia_mater" title="Pia mater">pia mater</a>, the membrane surrounding the brain follows the surface of the brain into each sulcus, but the <a href="/wiki/Arachnoid_mater#Structure" title="Arachnoid mater">arachnoid mater</a> stretches across all sizes of the sulci, except the longitudinal fissure where it follows the pia mater. Consequently the inner sides of almost all sulci are separated only by the pia mater and the <a href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Subarachnoid space">subarachnoid space</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a> circulates.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sulci may be considered as extensions of the subarachnoid space.<sup id="cite_ref-Ribas_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The approximate depth of a sulcus ranges between one and three centimetres. Other parameters of sulcal shape are length, width, and surface area.<sup id="cite_ref-SUN2022_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUN2022-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a sulcus there may be smaller gyri, collectively known as <i>transverse gyri</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ribas_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A sulcus is not necessarily a single structure. Some sulci have one or more parts that may branch in different directions. Such parts may be short, long, isolated, or connected to other sulci.<sup id="cite_ref-Ribas_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variations">Variations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sulcal pattern varies between human individuals, but the sulci and gyri do have a generalised arrangement, making a common nomenclature possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Ono_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ono-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ribas_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types">Types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>On the basis of formation:</b> <sup id="cite_ref-Ribas_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chauhan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chauhan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><b>Large primary sulci</b>: formed before birth, independently, such as the <a href="/wiki/Precentral_sulcus" title="Precentral sulcus">precentral sulcus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_sulcus" title="Central sulcus">central sulcus</a>.</li> <li><b>Short primary sulci</b> include <a href="/wiki/Rhinal_sulcus" title="Rhinal sulcus">rhinal sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfactory sulcus">olfactory sulcus</a>, occipital sulcus, and <a href="/wiki/Lateral_sulcus" title="Lateral sulcus">lateral sulcus</a>.</li> <li><b>Short branched sulci</b> sulci with several branches such as the <a href="/wiki/Subparietal_sulcus" title="Subparietal sulcus">subparietal sulcus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orbital_sulcus" title="Orbital sulcus">orbital sulcus</a>.</li> <li><b>Short free supplementary sulci</b> include the <a href="/wiki/Lunate_sulcus" title="Lunate sulcus">lunate sulcus</a>, and medial frontal sulcus.</li> <li><b>Sulci with side branches</b> that connect adjacent parallel sulci.</li></ol> <p><b>On the basis of function:</b> </p> <ol><li>A <b>limiting sulcus</b> separates at its floor into two areas which are different functionally and structurally e.g. central sulcus between the motor and sensory areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Ribas_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Axial sulcus develops in the long axis of a rapidly growing homogeneous area e.g. postcalcarine sulcus in the long axis of the striate area.</li> <li>Operculated sulcus separates by its lips into two areas and contains a third area in the walls of the sulcus e.g. lunate sulcus is an operculated sulcus, separating the striate and parastriate areas.</li></ol> <p><b>On the basis of depth:</b> </p> <ol><li>Complete sulcus is very deep so as to cause elevation in the walls of the lateral ventricle. Examples are the collateral and calcarine sulci.</li> <li>Incomplete sulci are superficially situated and are not very deep, E.g. paracentral sulcus.</li></ol> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_gyrification.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Early_gyrification.jpg/260px-Early_gyrification.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Early_gyrification.jpg/390px-Early_gyrification.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Early_gyrification.jpg/520px-Early_gyrification.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>Cell mechanisms of <a href="/wiki/Radial_glial_cell" title="Radial glial cell">radial glial cells</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog_protein" title="Sonic hedgehog protein">Sonic hedgehog protein</a> signalling promote <a href="/wiki/Gyrification" title="Gyrification">cortical folding</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gyrification" title="Gyrification">Gyrification</a></div> <p>The process of cortical folding is complex and incompletely understood. It is explained by a number of hypotheses including mechanical buckling, and axonal tension factors.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrews_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrews-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and can include their combined effects, with that of another mechanism of tangential expansion. Tangential expansion is associated with radial glial cells, and a process of intercalation of cortical neurons in between cells of the outer cortical plate layer producing the outward buckling of a gyrus.<sup id="cite_ref-Striedter2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Striedter2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ronan2014_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ronan2014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In humans, cerebral convolutions appear at about five months and take at least into the first year after birth to fully develop.<sup id="cite_ref-Hofman85_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hofman85-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hofman89_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hofman89-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a hierarchy of morphological development with the fissures and main sulci developing ahead of others. The first sulci to develop are the primary sulci, followed by secondary sulci. The more constantly found sulci are those related to functional specialization.<sup id="cite_ref-Ribas_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tertiary sulci develop primarily after birth. The development of the tertiary sulci seems to be unaffected by genetics, and more related to environmental factors.<sup id="cite_ref-White_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Development varies greatly between individuals. The potential influences of genetic, <a href="/wiki/Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics">epigenetic</a> and environmental factors are not fully understood.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sulci_of_note">Sulci of note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sulci of note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Five_sulci_measured.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Five_sulci_measured.png/260px-Five_sulci_measured.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Five_sulci_measured.png/390px-Five_sulci_measured.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Five_sulci_measured.png/520px-Five_sulci_measured.png 2x" data-file-width="1660" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Superior_frontal_sulcus" title="Superior frontal sulcus">Superior frontal</a> - green;<a href="/wiki/Central_sulcus" title="Central sulcus">Central</a> - red; <a href="/wiki/Lateral_sulcus" title="Lateral sulcus">Lateral sulcus</a> - dark blue; <a href="/wiki/Superior_temporal_sulcus" title="Superior temporal sulcus">Superior temporal</a> - light blue; <a href="/wiki/Intraparietal_sulcus" title="Intraparietal sulcus">Intraparietal</a> - yellow</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Frontal lobe</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Superior_frontal_sulcus" title="Superior frontal sulcus">Superior frontal sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferior_frontal_sulcus" title="Inferior frontal sulcus">Inferior frontal sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Precentral_sulcus" title="Precentral sulcus">Precentral sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfactory sulcus">Olfactory sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orbital_sulcus" title="Orbital sulcus">Orbital sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paracentral_sulcus" title="Paracentral sulcus">Paracentral sulcus</a> </p> <dl><dt>Parietal lobe</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Intraparietal_sulcus" title="Intraparietal sulcus">Intraparietal sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marginal_sulcus" title="Marginal sulcus">Marginal sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postcentral_sulcus" title="Postcentral sulcus">Postcentral sulcus</a> </p> <dl><dt>Occipital lobe</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Lunate_sulcus" title="Lunate sulcus">Lunate sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transverse_occipital_sulcus" title="Transverse occipital sulcus">Transverse occipital sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcarine_sulcus" title="Calcarine sulcus">Calcarine sulcus</a> </p> <dl><dt>Temporal lobe</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Superior_temporal_sulcus" title="Superior temporal sulcus">Superior temporal sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferior_temporal_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior temporal sulcus">Inferior temporal sulcus</a> </p> <dl><dt>Interlobar fissures</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_fissure" title="Longitudinal fissure">Longitudinal fissure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_sulcus" title="Central sulcus">Central sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lateral_sulcus" title="Lateral sulcus">Lateral sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collateral_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Collateral sulcus">Collateral sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Callosal_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Callosal sulcus">Callosal sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parieto-occipital_sulcus" title="Parieto-occipital sulcus">Parieto-occipital sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occipitotemporal_sulcus" title="Occipitotemporal sulcus">Occipitotemporal sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subparietal_sulcus" title="Subparietal sulcus">Subparietal sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cingulate_sulcus" title="Cingulate sulcus">Cingulate sulcus</a> </p> <dl><dt>Limbic lobe</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Hippocampal_sulcus" title="Hippocampal sulcus">Hippocampal sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhinal_sulcus" title="Rhinal sulcus">Rhinal sulcus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fimbriodentate_sulcus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fimbriodentate sulcus (page does not exist)">Fimbriodentate sulcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_sulcus_of_the_insula" class="mw-redirect" title="Central sulcus of the insula">Central sulcus of the insula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circular_sulcus_of_insula" class="mw-redirect" title="Circular sulcus of insula">Circular sulcus of insula</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The advanced cognitive abilities that have developed from the expansion of cortical folding, are shown to be adversely affected when the folds are malformed. Malformations of the cortical folds have been linked to the intellectual disabilities associated with <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Akula2023_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akula2023-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anomalies in gyrification can affect the width or depth of sulci that are associated with many neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-SUN2022_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUN2022-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The widening of sulci is seen to indicate early atrophy in <a href="/wiki/Neurodegenerative_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurodegenerative disorder">neurodegenerative disorders</a>, and may be used as a biomarker in their progression.<sup id="cite_ref-SUN2022_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUN2022-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been found that the width of cortical sulci increases not only with age,<sup id="cite_ref-Liu_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also with cognitive decline in the elderly.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ulegyria" title="Ulegyria">Ulegyria</a>, is a condition of scarring in the deep regions of sulci leading to disruption of the associated gyri. </p><p>The sulci are valuable landmarks in <a href="/wiki/Microneurosurgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Microneurosurgery">microneurosurgery</a>, and may also be used as corridors for <a href="/wiki/Surgeries" class="mw-redirect" title="Surgeries">surgeries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ribas_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ribas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The variation in the number of fissures in the brain (<a href="/wiki/Gyrification" title="Gyrification">gyrification</a>) between species is related to the size of the animal and the size of the brain. Mammals that have smooth-surfaced or nonconvoluted brains are called <a href="/wiki/Lissencephaly" title="Lissencephaly">lissencephalics</a> and those that have folded or convoluted brains gyrencephalics.<sup id="cite_ref-Hofman85_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hofman85-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hofman89_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hofman89-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division between the two groups occurs when cortical surface area is about 10 cm<sup>2</sup> and the brain has a volume of 3–4 cm<sup>3</sup>. Large rodents such as <a href="/wiki/Beavers" class="mw-redirect" title="Beavers">beavers</a> (40 pounds (18 kg)) and <a href="/wiki/Capybaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Capybaras">capybaras</a> (150 pounds (68 kg)) are gyrencephalic, and smaller rodents such as rats and mice, and some <a href="/wiki/New_World_monkey" title="New World monkey">New World monkeys</a> are lissencephalic.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Garcia2018_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garcia2018-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macaque">Macaque</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Macaque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Macaque" title="Macaque">macaque</a> has a more simple sulcal pattern. In a monograph Bonin and Bailey list the following as the primary sulci:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcarine_fissure" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcarine fissure">Calcarine fissure</a> (ca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_sulcus" title="Central sulcus">Central sulcus</a> (ce)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cingulate_sulcus" title="Cingulate sulcus">Sulcus cinguli</a> (ci)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocampal_fissure" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippocampal fissure">Hippocampal fissure</a> (h)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulcus_intraparitalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulcus intraparitalis">Sulcus intraparitalis</a> (ip)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_fissure" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral fissure">Lateral fissure</a> (or Sylvian fissure) (la)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulcus_olfactorius" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulcus olfactorius">Sulcus olfactorius</a> (olf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_parieto-occipital_fissure" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial parieto-occipital fissure">Medial parieto-occipital fissure</a> (pom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fissura_rhinalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fissura rhinalis">Fissura rhinalis</a> (rh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulcus_temporalis_superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulcus temporalis superior">Sulcus temporalis superior</a> (ts) – This sulcus runs parallel to the lateral fissure and extends to the temporal pole and often superficially merges with it.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sulci_of_the_brain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Different views of the sulci of the brain[23]"><img alt="Different views of the sulci of the brain[23]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sulci_of_the_brain.jpg/87px-Sulci_of_the_brain.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sulci_of_the_brain.jpg/130px-Sulci_of_the_brain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sulci_of_the_brain.jpg/173px-Sulci_of_the_brain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="904" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Different views of the sulci of the brain<sup id="cite_ref-FiN2018_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FiN2018-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray726.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gray's Fig. 726 – Lateral surface of left cerebral hemisphere, viewed from the left side"><img alt="Gray's Fig. 726 – Lateral surface of left cerebral hemisphere, viewed from the left side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray726.png/120px-Gray726.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray726.png/180px-Gray726.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray726.png/240px-Gray726.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's</a> Fig. 726 – Lateral surface of left cerebral hemisphere, viewed from the left side</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray727.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gray's Fig. 727 – Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere, viewed from the right side"><img alt="Gray's Fig. 727 – Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere, viewed from the right side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray727.svg/120px-Gray727.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray727.svg/180px-Gray727.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray727.svg/240px-Gray727.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's</a> Fig. 727 – Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere, viewed from the right side</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sulcus (neuroanatomy)">Sulcus (neuroanatomy)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulcus_(morphology)" title="Sulcus (morphology)">Sulcus (morphology)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cusack-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cusack_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCusack2005" class="citation journal cs1">Cusack, Rhodri (1 April 2005). 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accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6252390">6252390</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30510504">30510504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Neuroanatomy&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Common+Terminology+for+the+Gyri+and+Sulci+of+the+Human+Cerebral+Cortex.&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=93&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6252390%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30510504&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffnana.2018.00093&rft.aulast=Ten+Donkelaar&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.au=Tzourio-Mazoyer%2C+N&rft.au=Mai%2C+JK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6252390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASulcus+%28neuroanatomy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061022104007/http://mindsci-clinic.com/selected_gyri_sulci_and_fissures.htm">Visual explanation of gyri, sulci, and fissures</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Cerebral_cortex" title="Template:Cerebral cortex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cerebral_cortex" title="Template talk:Cerebral cortex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cerebral_cortex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cerebral cortex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomy_of_the_cerebral_cortex_of_the_human_brain304" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cerebral cortex</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">human brain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frontal_lobe" title="Frontal lobe">Frontal lobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superolateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex" title="Prefrontal cortex">Prefrontal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_frontal_gyrus" title="Superior frontal gyrus">Superior frontal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_4" title="Brodmann area 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_6" title="Brodmann area 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_8" title="Brodmann area 8">8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_frontal_gyrus" title="Middle frontal gyrus">Middle frontal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_9" title="Brodmann area 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_10" title="Brodmann area 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_46" title="Brodmann area 46">46</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_frontal_gyrus" title="Inferior frontal gyrus">Inferior frontal gyrus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_11" title="Brodmann area 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_47" title="Brodmann area 47">47</a>-<a href="/wiki/Orbital_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus" title="Orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus">Pars orbitalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broca%27s_area" title="Broca's area">Broca's area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_44" title="Brodmann area 44">44</a>-<a href="/wiki/Opercular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus">Pars opercularis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_45" title="Brodmann area 45">45</a>-<a href="/wiki/Triangular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus">Pars triangularis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_frontal_sulcus" title="Superior frontal sulcus">Superior frontal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_frontal_sulcus" title="Inferior frontal sulcus">Inferior frontal sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Precentral_gyrus" title="Precentral gyrus">Precentral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Precentral_gyrus" title="Precentral gyrus">Precentral gyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precentral_sulcus" title="Precentral sulcus">Precentral sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medial/inferior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex" title="Prefrontal cortex">Prefrontal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_frontal_gyrus" title="Superior frontal gyrus">Superior frontal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_4" title="Brodmann area 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_6" title="Brodmann area 6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_frontal_gyrus" title="Medial frontal gyrus">Medial frontal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_8" title="Brodmann area 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_9" title="Brodmann area 9">9</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paraterminal_gyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraterminal gyrus">Paraterminal gyrus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Paraolfactory_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraolfactory area">Paraolfactory area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_12" title="Brodmann area 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_gyrus" title="Straight gyrus">Straight gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_11" title="Brodmann area 11">11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_gyri" title="Orbital gyri">Orbital gyri</a>/<a href="/wiki/Orbitofrontal_cortex" title="Orbitofrontal cortex">Orbitofrontal cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_10" title="Brodmann area 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_11" title="Brodmann area 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_12" title="Brodmann area 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventromedial_prefrontal_cortex" title="Ventromedial prefrontal cortex">Ventromedial prefrontal cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_10" title="Brodmann area 10">10</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcallosal_area" title="Subcallosal area">Subcallosal area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_25" title="Brodmann area 25">25</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfactory sulcus">Olfactory sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_sulcus" title="Orbital sulcus">Orbital sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Precentral_gyrus" title="Precentral gyrus">Precentral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paracentral_lobule" title="Paracentral lobule">Paracentral lobule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_4" title="Brodmann area 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracentral_sulcus" title="Paracentral sulcus">Paracentral sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_motor_cortex" title="Primary motor cortex">Primary motor cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_4" title="Brodmann area 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premotor_cortex" title="Premotor cortex">Premotor cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_6" title="Brodmann area 6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_motor_area" title="Supplementary motor area">Supplementary motor area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_6" title="Brodmann area 6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_eye_field" title="Supplementary eye field">Supplementary eye field</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_6" title="Brodmann area 6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_eye_fields" title="Frontal eye fields">Frontal eye fields</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_8" title="Brodmann area 8">8</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parietal_lobe" title="Parietal lobe">Parietal lobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superolateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_parietal_lobule" title="Superior parietal lobule">Superior parietal lobule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_5" title="Brodmann area 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_7" title="Brodmann area 7">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_parietal_lobule" title="Inferior parietal lobule">Inferior parietal lobule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_40" title="Brodmann area 40">40</a>-<a href="/wiki/Supramarginal_gyrus" title="Supramarginal gyrus">Supramarginal gyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_39" title="Brodmann area 39">39</a>-<a href="/wiki/Angular_gyrus" title="Angular gyrus">Angular gyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parietal_operculum" class="mw-redirect" title="Parietal operculum">Parietal operculum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_43" title="Brodmann area 43">43</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intraparietal_sulcus" title="Intraparietal sulcus">Intraparietal sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medial/inferior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paracentral_lobule" title="Paracentral lobule">Paracentral lobule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_5" title="Brodmann area 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precuneus" title="Precuneus">Precuneus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_7" title="Brodmann area 7">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_sulcus" title="Marginal sulcus">Marginal sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postcentral_gyrus" title="Postcentral gyrus">Postcentral gyrus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Primary_somatosensory_cortex" title="Primary somatosensory cortex">Primary somatosensory cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_areas_3,_1_and_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann areas 3, 1 and 2">3, 1 and 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_somatosensory_cortex" title="Secondary somatosensory cortex">Secondary somatosensory cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_5" title="Brodmann area 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_parietal_cortex" title="Posterior parietal cortex">Posterior parietal cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_7" title="Brodmann area 7">7</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occipital_lobe" title="Occipital lobe">Occipital lobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superolateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemisphere#Poles" title="Cerebral hemisphere">Occipital pole of cerebrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_gyri" title="Occipital gyri">Occipital gyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_occipital_sulcus" title="Lateral occipital sulcus">Lateral occipital gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_18" title="Brodmann area 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_19" title="Brodmann area 19">19</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunate_sulcus" title="Lunate sulcus">Lunate sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_occipital_sulcus" title="Transverse occipital sulcus">Transverse occipital sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medial/inferior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_cortex" title="Visual cortex">Visual cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_17" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 17">17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneus" title="Cuneus">Cuneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_gyrus" title="Lingual gyrus">Lingual gyrus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcarine_sulcus" title="Calcarine sulcus">Calcarine sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temporal_lobe" title="Temporal lobe">Temporal lobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superolateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_temporal_gyrus" title="Transverse temporal gyrus">Transverse temporal gyrus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Auditory_cortex" title="Auditory cortex">Auditory cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_areas_41_and_42" title="Brodmann areas 41 and 42">41 and 42</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_temporal_gyrus" title="Superior temporal gyrus">Superior temporal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_38" title="Brodmann area 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_22" title="Brodmann area 22">22</a>/<a href="/wiki/Wernicke%27s_area" title="Wernicke's area">Wernicke's area</a> (<a href="/wiki/Planum_temporale" title="Planum temporale">Planum temporale</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_temporal_sulcus" title="Superior temporal sulcus">Superior temporal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_temporal_gyrus" title="Middle temporal gyrus">Middle temporal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_21" title="Brodmann area 21">21</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medial/inferior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occipitotemporal_sulcus" title="Occipitotemporal sulcus">Occipitotemporal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusiform_gyrus" title="Fusiform gyrus">Fusiform gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_37" title="Brodmann area 37">37</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_temporal_lobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial temporal lobe">Medial temporal lobe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_27" title="Brodmann area 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_28" title="Brodmann area 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_34" title="Brodmann area 34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_35" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_36" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 36">36</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_temporal_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior temporal sulcus">Inferior temporal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_temporal_gyrus" title="Inferior temporal gyrus">Inferior temporal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_20" title="Brodmann area 20">20</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interlobar<br />sulci/fissures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superolateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_sulcus" title="Central sulcus">Central (frontal+parietal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_sulcus" title="Lateral sulcus">Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parieto-occipital_sulcus" title="Parieto-occipital sulcus">Parieto-occipital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preoccipital_notch" title="Preoccipital notch">Preoccipital notch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medial/inferior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_fissure" title="Longitudinal fissure">Longitudinal fissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cingulate_sulcus" title="Cingulate sulcus">Cingulate (frontal+cingulate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_fissure" title="Collateral fissure">Collateral (temporal+occipital)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callosal_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Callosal sulcus">Callosal sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limbic_lobe" title="Limbic lobe">Limbic lobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parahippocampal_gyrus" title="Parahippocampal gyrus">Parahippocampal gyrus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>anterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entorhinal_cortex" title="Entorhinal cortex">Entorhinal cortex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perirhinal_cortex" title="Perirhinal cortex">Perirhinal cortex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postrhinal_cortex" title="Postrhinal cortex">Postrhinal cortex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_parahippocampal_gyrus" title="Posterior parahippocampal gyrus">Posterior parahippocampal gyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepyriform_area" title="Prepyriform area">Prepyriform area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cingulate_cortex" title="Cingulate cortex">Cingulate cortex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cingulate_gyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cingulate gyrus">gyrus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subgenual_area_25" class="mw-redirect" title="Subgenual area 25">Subgenual area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_25" title="Brodmann area 25">25</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_cingulate_cortex" title="Anterior cingulate cortex">Anterior cingulate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_24" title="Brodmann area 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_32" title="Brodmann area 32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_33" title="Brodmann area 33">33</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_cingulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior cingulate">Posterior cingulate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_23" title="Brodmann area 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_31" title="Brodmann area 31">31</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_cingulate_gyrus" title="Isthmus of cingulate gyrus">Isthmus of cingulate gyrus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Retrosplenial_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrosplenial region">Retrosplenial cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_26" title="Brodmann area 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_29" title="Brodmann area 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_30" title="Brodmann area 30">30</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hippocampal_formation" title="Hippocampal formation">Hippocampal formation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippocampal_sulcus" title="Hippocampal sulcus">Hippocampal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbria_of_hippocampus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fimbria of hippocampus">Fimbria of hippocampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentate_gyrus" title="Dentate gyrus">Dentate gyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinal_sulcus" title="Rhinal sulcus">Rhinal sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indusium_griseum" title="Indusium griseum">Indusium griseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncus" title="Uncus">Uncus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amygdala" title="Amygdala">Amygdala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insular_cortex" title="Insular cortex">Insular cortex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_cortex" title="Insular cortex">Insular cortex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operculum_(brain)" title="Operculum (brain)">Operculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemisphere#Poles" title="Cerebral hemisphere">Poles of cerebral hemispheres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><i>Some categorizations are approximations, and some <a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area" title="Brodmann area">Brodmann areas</a> span gyri.</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox576" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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