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<span>Occurrence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occurrence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Voiced velar nasal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarer_Nasal" title="Velarer Nasal – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Velarer Nasal" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A" title="طبقي أنفي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طبقي أنفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="ঘোষ পশ্চাত্তালব্য নাসিক্যধ্বনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘোষ পশ্চাত্তালব্য নাসিক্যধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C5%84g-kok_ph%C4%AB%E2%81%BF-im" title="Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Звучна заднонебна носова съгласна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звучна заднонебна носова съгласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frienn_ouel_mouezhiet" title="Frienn ouel mouezhiet – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Frienn ouel mouezhiet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_velar_sonora" title="Nasal velar sonora – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nasal velar sonora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zn%C4%9Bl%C3%A1_vel%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_naz%C3%A1la" title="Znělá velární nazála – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Znělá velární nazála" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmhafter_velarer_Nasal" title="Stimmhafter velarer Nasal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stimmhafter velarer Nasal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_velar" title="Nasal velar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nasal velar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خیشومی نرم‌کامی واک‌دار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خیشومی نرم‌کامی واک‌دار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonne_nasale_v%C3%A9laire_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne nasale vélaire voisée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consonne nasale vélaire voisée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_velar" title="Nasal velar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nasal velar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EA%B0%9C_%EB%B9%84%EC%9D%8C" title="연구개 비음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연구개 비음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कण्ठ्य नासिक्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कण्ठ्य नासिक्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarni_nazal" title="Velarni nazal – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Velarni nazal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_langit-langit_belakang" title="Konsonan sengau langit-langit belakang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsonan sengau langit-langit belakang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasale_velare" title="Nasale velare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nasale velare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99" title="עיצור וילוני, אפי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצור וילוני, אפי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vel%C4%81rs_naz%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Velārs nazāls līdzskanis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Velārs nazāls līdzskanis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velaire_nasaal" title="Velaire nasaal – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Velaire nasaal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengauan_velar" title="Sengauan velar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sengauan velar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velaire_nasaal" title="Velaire nasaal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Velaire nasaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E5%8F%A3%E8%93%8B%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="軟口蓋鼻音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="軟口蓋鼻音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasala_velara" title="Nasala velara – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nasala velara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_nosowa_tylnoj%C4%99zykowo-mi%C4%99kkopodniebienna_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska nosowa tylnojęzykowo-miękkopodniebienna dźwięczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spółgłoska nosowa tylnojęzykowo-miękkopodniebienna dźwięczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_velar" title="Nasal velar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nasal velar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_nazal%C4%83_velar%C4%83" title="Consoană nazală velară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană nazală velară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Велярный носовой согласный – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Велярный носовой согласный" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voiced velar nasal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velaarinen_nasaali" title="Velaarinen nasaali – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Velaarinen nasaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_nasal" title="Velar nasal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Velar nasal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matunog_na_panlalamunang_pailong" title="Matunog na panlalamunang pailong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Matunog na panlalamunang pailong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Тел арты борын тартыгы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тел арты борын тартыгы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เสียงนาสิก เพดานอ่อน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสียงนาสิก เพดานอ่อน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artdamaks%C4%B1l_genizsil_%C3%BCns%C3%BCz" title="Artdamaksıl genizsil ünsüz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Artdamaksıl genizsil ünsüz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%27%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="М'якопіднебінний носовий приголосний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="М'якопіднебінний носовий 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searchaux" style="display:none">Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ŋ⟩ in IPA</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Velar nasal" and "Agma" redirect here. For the voiceless consonant, see <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_nasal" title="Voiceless velar nasal">Voiceless velar nasal</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Agma_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Agma (disambiguation)">Agma (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced velar nasal</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">119</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="Velar_nasal.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Velar_nasal.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/Velar_nasal.ogg/Velar_nasal.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> <div><small><a href="/wiki/File:Velar_nasal.ogg" title="File:Velar nasal.ogg">source</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(decimal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#331;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(hex)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">U+014B</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>N</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8B.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) U+282B"><img alt="⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/25px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/38px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/50px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0; border:0; background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#FFFFE6; border:0;">Image </th></tr> <tr> <td class="center" style="background: transparent; border:0;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Velar_nasal_(vector).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Velar_nasal_%28vector%29.svg/150px-Velar_nasal_%28vector%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Velar_nasal_%28vector%29.svg/225px-Velar_nasal_%28vector%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Velar_nasal_%28vector%29.svg/300px-Velar_nasal_%28vector%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>voiced velar nasal</b>, also known as <b><a href="/wiki/Eng_(letter)" title="Eng (letter)">eng</a></b>, <b>engma</b>, or <b>agma</b> (from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἆγμα</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">âgma</i></span> 'fragment'), is a type of <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> sound used in some <a href="/wiki/Speech_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech communication">spoken</a> <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>. It is the sound of <i>ng</i> in English <i>si<b>ng</b></i> as well as <i>n</i> before velar consonants as in <i>E<b>n</b>glish</i> and <i>i<b>n</b>k</i>. The symbol in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> that represents this sound is ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ŋ</span>⟩, and the equivalent <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> symbol is <code>N</code>. The IPA symbol ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></span>⟩ is similar to ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ɳ</span>⟩, the symbol for the <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex nasal">retroflex nasal</a>, which has a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem, and to ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C6%9D" title="Ɲ">ɲ</a></span>⟩, the symbol for the <a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal">palatal nasal</a>, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the left stem. </p><p>While almost all languages have <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> as <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemes</a>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span> is rarer.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Half of the 469 languages surveyed in <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2008">Anderson (2008)</a> had a velar nasal phoneme; as a further curiosity, many of them limit its occurrence to the <a href="/wiki/Syllable_coda" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable coda">syllable coda</a>. The velar nasal does not occur in many of the languages of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">the Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Middle East">the Middle East</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Caucasus" title="Languages of the Caucasus">the Caucasus</a>, but it is extremely common among <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal languages">Australian Aboriginal languages</a>, languages of <a href="/wiki/African_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="African languages">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_languages" title="East Asian languages">East Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian languages">Southeast Asian languages</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian languages</a>. In many languages that do not have the velar nasal as a phoneme, such as the <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>, it occurs as an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before velar consonants. This kind of <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(phonology)" title="Assimilation (phonology)">assimilation</a> can even be found in languages with phonemic voiced velar nasals, such as <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. An example of this phenomenon is the word <i>income</i>; its <a href="/wiki/Underlying_representation" title="Underlying representation">underlying representation</a>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈɪnˌkʌm/</span>, can be <a href="/wiki/Realization_(linguistics)" title="Realization (linguistics)">realized</a> as either <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɪnˌkʌm]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɪŋˌkʌm]</span>. </p><p>An example of a language that lacks a phonemic or allophonic velar nasal is <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, in which <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> is pronounced as laminal denti-alveolar <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n̪</a>]</span> even before velar consonants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesWard1969160_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesWard1969160-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some languages have the <b>pre-velar nasal</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical velar nasal, though not as front as the prototypical <a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal">palatal nasal</a> - see that article for more information. </p><p>Conversely, some languages have the <b>post-velar nasal</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of a prototypical velar nasal, though not as back as the prototypical <a href="/wiki/Uvular_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Uvular nasal">uvular nasal</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_nasal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_nasal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Voiced_velar_nasal.svg/150px-Voiced_velar_nasal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Voiced_velar_nasal.svg/225px-Voiced_velar_nasal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Voiced_velar_nasal.svg/300px-Voiced_velar_nasal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </p><p>Features of the voiced velar nasal: </p> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Occlusive_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occlusive (phonetics)">occlusive</a>, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is also <a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">nasal</a>, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">velar</a>, which means it is articulated with the back of the <a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongue</a> (the dorsum) at the <a href="/wiki/Soft_palate" title="Soft palate">soft palate</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasal</a> consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (<a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">nasal stops</a>) or in addition to through the mouth.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_nasal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></td> <td><span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet"><b>n</b>gaqë</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋɡacə]</span></td> <td>'because'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Aleut</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005165_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005165-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Aleut-language text"><i lang="ale-Latn">chaa<b>ng</b></i></span>/<span title="Aleut-language text"><span lang="ale-Cyrl">ча̄<b>ӈ</b></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʃɑːŋ]</span></td> <td>'five'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a><br /><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مـ<b>ـنـ</b>ـقل</span></span>/<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mi<i>n</i>gal</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɪŋɡal]</span> </td> <td>'brazier' </td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before velar stops. See <a href="/wiki/Hejazi_Arabic_phonology" title="Hejazi Arabic phonology">Hejazi Arabic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenian" title="Eastern Armenian">Eastern</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200919_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200919-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">ը<b>ն</b>կեր</a></span></span>/<span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">ë<b>n</b>ker</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[əŋˈkɛɾ]</span></td> <td>'friend'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before velar consonants </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></td> <td><span title="Assamese-language text"><span lang="as"><a href="/wiki/Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">ৰং</a></span></span>/<span title="Assamese-language romanization"><i lang="as-Latn">ŗô<b>ng</b></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɹɔŋ]</span></td> <td>'color'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a> </td> <td><span title="Asturian-language text"><i lang="ast">non</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nõŋ]</span> </td> <td>'no' </td> <td>Allophone of /n/ in word-final position, either before consonants other than velar stops or vowel-beginning words or before a pause. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a></td> <td><span title="Bambara-language text"><i lang="bm"><b>ŋ</b>onI</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋoni]</span></td> <td>'guitar'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a></td> <td><span title="Bashkir-language text"><span lang="ba-Cyrl">ме<b>ң</b></span></span> / <span title="Bashkir-language romanization"><i lang="ba-Latn">me<b>ñ</b></i></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2e\/Ba-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D2%A3.ogg\/Ba-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D2%A3.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[m\u026a\u031e\u014b]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ba-\u043c\u0435\u04a3.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/Ba-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D2%A3.ogg/Ba-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D2%A3.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɪ̞ŋ]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ba-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D2%A3.ogg" title="File:Ba-мең.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'one thousand'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></td> <td><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu"><a href="/wiki/Basque_alphabet" title="Basque alphabet">ha<b>n</b>ka</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[haŋka]</span></td> <td>'leg'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td> <td><span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">র<b>ঙ</b></a></span></span>/<span title="Bengali-language romanization"><i lang="bn-Latn">rông</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɾɔŋ]</span></td> <td>'color'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_alphabet" title="Bulgarian alphabet">тъ<b>н</b>ко</a></span></span>/<span title="Bulgarian-language romanization"><i lang="bg-Latn">tă<b>n</b>ko</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtɤŋko]</span></td> <td>'thin'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> </td> <td><span title="Yue Chinese-language text"><span lang="yue-Hani"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">昂</a></span></span>/<span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="yue-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese"><b>ng</b>òh<b>ng</b></a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋɔːŋ˩]</span> </td> <td>'raise' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_phonology" title="Cantonese phonology">Cantonese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199253_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199253-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_orthography" title="Catalan orthography">sa<b>ng</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈsɑ̃ŋ(k)]</span></td> <td>'blood'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Catalan_phonology" title="Catalan phonology">Catalan phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a></td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb"><b>ng</b>ano</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈŋano]</span></td> <td>'why'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a></td> <td><span title="Chamorro-language text"><i lang="ch"><b>ng</b>å<b>ng</b>a'</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋɑŋaʔ]</span></td> <td>'duck'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_language" title="Chukchi language">Chukchi</a></td> <td><span title="Chukot-language text"><span lang="ckt"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>ӈ</b>ыроӄ</a></span></span>/<span title="Chukot-language romanization"><i lang="ckt-Latn"><b>ṇ</b>yroq</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋəɹoq]</span></td> <td>'three'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a></td> <td><span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs"><a href="/wiki/Czech_orthography" title="Czech orthography">ta<b>n</b>k</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[taŋk]</span></td> <td>'tank'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Czech_phonology" title="Czech phonology">Czech phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dinka_language" title="Dinka language">Dinka</a></td> <td><span title="Dinka-language text"><i lang="din"><a href="/wiki/Dinka_alphabet" title="Dinka alphabet"><b>ŋ</b>a</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋa]</span></td> <td>'who'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></td> <td><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da"><a href="/wiki/Danish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish alphabet">sa<b>ng</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sɑŋˀ]</span></td> <td>'song'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Danish_phonology" title="Danish phonology">Danish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">a<b>ng</b>st</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑŋst]</span></td> <td>'fear'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Dutch_phonology" title="Dutch phonology">Dutch phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a> </td> <td><span title="Min Dong Chinese-language text"><span lang="cdo"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">疑</a></span></span>/<span title="Min Dong Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="cdo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0ng-u%C3%A2-c%C3%AA" title="Bàng-uâ-cê"><b>ng</b>ì</a></i></span> </td> <td>[ŋi<sup>53</sup>] </td> <td>'suspect' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">si<b>ng</b></a></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/transcoded\/9\/91\/Sing-pronunciation-audio.ogg\/Sing-pronunciation-audio.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[s\u026a\u014b]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sing-pronunciation-audio.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/9/91/Sing-pronunciation-audio.ogg/Sing-pronunciation-audio.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sɪŋ]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Sing-pronunciation-audio.ogg" title="File:Sing-pronunciation-audio.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'sing'</td> <td>Restricted to the <a href="/wiki/Syllable_coda" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable coda">syllable coda</a>. See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a></td> <td><span title="Faroese-language text"><i lang="fo">o<b>n</b>g</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔŋk]</span></td> <td>'meadow'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a></td> <td><span title="Fijian-language text"><i lang="fj"><b>g</b>one</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈŋone]</span></td> <td>'child'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></td> <td><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish alphabet">ka<b>ng</b>as</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈkɑŋːɑs]</span></td> <td>'cloth'</td> <td>Occurs in native vocabulary only intervocally (as a geminate) and before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Finnish_phonology" title="Finnish phonology">Finnish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells198944_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells198944-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Standard</td> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">campi<b>ng</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/15\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Aemines2-camping.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Aemines2-camping.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[k\u0251\u0303pi\u014b(\u0261)]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Aemines2-camping.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Aemines2-camping.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Aemines2-camping.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kɑ̃piŋ(ɡ)]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Aemines2-camping.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Aemines2-camping.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'camping'</td> <td>Occurs only in words borrowed from English or Chinese. See <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">French phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southern France</td> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">pai<b>n</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/68\/Fr-pain_%28Avignon%29.ogg\/Fr-pain_%28Avignon%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[p\u025b\u014b]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-pain (Avignon).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Fr-pain_%28Avignon%29.ogg/Fr-pain_%28Avignon%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pɛŋ]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-pain_(Avignon).ogg" title="File:Fr-pain (Avignon).ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'bread'</td> <td>For many speakers, [ŋ] acts as a substitute for the nasalization of the preceding vowel, which may still be partially nasal. It is one of the most typical traits of varieties of French influenced by an <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> substrate. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></td> <td><span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">u<b>nh</b>a</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈuŋa]</span></td> <td>'one' (<a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">f.</a>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan</a> </td> <td><span title="Gan Chinese-language text"><span lang="gan"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">牙</a></span></span>/<span title="Gan Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="gan-Latn"><b>ng</b>a</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋa]</span> </td> <td>'tooth' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">la<b>ng</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[laŋ]</span></td> <td>'long'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Standard_German_phonology" title="Standard German phonology">Standard German phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el"><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">ά<b>γ</b>χος</a></span></span> / <span title="ISO 843 Greek (Greek language) transliteration"><i lang="el-Latn"><i><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">a<b>n</b>chos</a></i></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">['aŋxo̞s]</span></td> <td>'Stress'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology" title="Modern Greek phonology">Modern Greek phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sixian_dialect" title="Sixian dialect">Sixian</a> </td> <td><span title="Hakka-language text"><span lang="hak"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">我</a></span></span>/<span title="Hakka-language romanization"><i lang="hak-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-fa-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Pha̍k-fa-sṳ"><b>ng</b>ô</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋai˨˦]</span> </td> <td>'I' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></td> <td>Standard</td> <td><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">א<b>נ</b>גלית</a></span></span>/<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">anglit</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aŋɡˈlit]</span></td> <td>'English language'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before velar stops. See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew_phonology" title="Modern Hebrew phonology">Modern Hebrew phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew" title="Sephardi Hebrew">Sephardi</a></td> <td><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">עין</a></span></span>/<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">nayin</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋaˈjin]</span></td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">Ayin</a>'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew" title="Sephardi Hebrew">Sephardi Hebrew</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a></td> <td><span title="Hiligaynon-language text"><i lang="hil">bua<b>ng</b></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[bu'äŋ]</span></td> <td>'crazy/mentally unstable'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi Language">Hindi</a> </td> <td><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">रंग</a></span></span>/<span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">रङ्ग</a></span></span>/<span title="Hindi-language romanization"><i lang="hi-Latn">ra<b>ṅ</b>g</i></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[rəŋg]</span> </td> <td rowspan="3">'color' </td> <td rowspan="3">See <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_phonology" title="Hindustani phonology">Hindustani phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a> </td> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">رن٘گ</a></span></span>/<span title="Urdu-language romanization"><i lang="ur-Latn">ra<b>ṅ</b>g</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fiji_Hindi" title="Fiji Hindi">Fiji Hindustani</a> </td> <td><span title="Fiji Hindi-language text"><i lang="hif">Rang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ho_language" title="Ho language">Ho</a></td> <td><span title="Ho-language text"><i lang="hoc"><a href="/wiki/Ho_language#Phonology" title="Ho language">mara<b>ṅ</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[maraŋ]</span></td> <td>'big'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></td> <td><span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_orthography" title="Hungarian orthography">i<b>n</b>g</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iŋɡ]</span></td> <td>'shirt'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_phonology" title="Hungarian phonology">Hungarian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a></td> <td><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography">gö<b>n</b>g</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈkœy̯ŋk]</span></td> <td>'tunnel'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_phonology" title="Icelandic phonology">Icelandic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo"><b>ng</b>al<b>ng</b>al</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋalŋal]</span></td> <td>'to chew'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></td> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">ᐴ<b>ᙳ</b>ᐆᖅ</a></span></span> / <span title="Inuktitut-language romanization"><i lang="iu-Latn">puu<b>nng</b>uuq</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[puːŋŋuːq]</span></td> <td>'dog'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Inuvialuktun" title="Inuvialuktun">Inuvialuktun</a></td> <td><span title="Inuinnaqtun-language text"><i lang="ikt">qam<b>ng</b>uiyuaq</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[qamŋuijuaq]</span></td> <td>'snores'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></td> <td><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Irish_orthography" title="Irish orthography">a <b>ng</b>lór</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˌə̃<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈŋl̪ˠoːɾˠ]</span></td> <td>'their voice'</td> <td>Occurs word-initially as a result of the consonantal mutation <a href="/wiki/Irish_initial_mutations#Eclipsis" title="Irish initial mutations">eclipsis</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Irish_phonology" title="Irish phonology">Irish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004118_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004118-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">a<b>n</b>che</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈaŋke]</span></td> <td>'also'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Italian_phonology" title="Italian phonology">Italian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Itelmen_language" title="Itelmen language">Itelmen</a></td> <td><span title="Itelmen-language text"><span lang="itl-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">қни<b>ң</b></a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[qniŋ]</span></td> <td>'one'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></td> <td>Standard</td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja-Hani">南極</span></span> / <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">na<b>n</b>kyoku</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[naŋkʲokɯ]</span></td> <td>'the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a>'</td> <td rowspan="2">See <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dialects#Eastern_and_Western_Japanese" title="Japanese dialects">Eastern dialects</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkada1999118_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkada1999118-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja-Hani"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">鍵</a></span></span> / <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">ka<b>g</b>i</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kaŋi]</span></td> <td>'key' </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a></td> <td><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">sengak</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[səŋak]</span></td> <td>stink</td> <td>Additional /ŋ/ caused by vowel after /ŋ/ sounding </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a> </td> <td>Yuci </td> <td><span title="Jinyu Chinese-language text"><span lang="cjy"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">我</a></span></span>/<span title="Jinyu Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="cjy-Latn">ngie</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋie]</span> </td> <td>'I' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kagayanen_language" title="Kagayanen language">Kagayanen</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlsonMielkeSanicas-DagumanPebley2010206–207_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlsonMielkeSanicas-DagumanPebley2010206–207-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Kagayanen-language text"><i lang="cgc">mana<b>ng</b></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[manaŋ]</span></td> <td>'older sister'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Karelian-language text"><i lang="krl"><a href="/wiki/Karelian_alphabet" title="Karelian alphabet">o<b>ng</b>i</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈoŋɡi]</span></td> <td>'fishing rod'</td> <td>Occurs only before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/g/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kk/</span>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></td> <td><span title="Kazakh-language text"><span lang="kk"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">мы<b>ң</b></a></span></span> / <span title="Kazakh-language text"><i lang="kk-Latn">my<b>ń</b></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[məŋ]</span></td> <td rowspan="2">'thousand'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></td> <td><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">ми<b>ң</b></a></span></span>/<span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><i lang="ky-Latn">miñ</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[miŋ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ket_language" title="Ket language">Ket</a></td> <td><span title="Ket-language text"><span lang="ket-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">ая<b>ң</b></a></span></span>/<span title="Ket-language romanization"><i lang="ket-Latn">ajaņ</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ajaŋ]</span></td> <td>'to damn'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a></td> <td><span title="Khasi-language text"><i lang="kha"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script"><b>ng</b>ap</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋap]</span></td> <td>'honey'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">ងាយ</a></span></span> / <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn"><b>ng</b>éay</i></span></li><li><span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">កសាង</a></span></span> / <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">kâsa<b>ng</b></i></span></li></ul></div></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋiəj]</span></li><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kɑːsaːŋ]</span></li></ul></div></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>'easy'</li><li>'to build'</li></ul></div></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Khmer_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer phonology">Khmer phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">성에</a></span></span> / <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">seo<b>ng</b>e</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sʌŋe]</span></td> <td>'window frost'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Korean_phonology" title="Korean phonology">Korean phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Northern</a> </td> <td><span title="Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ku"><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurmanji alphabet">ce<b>ng</b></a></i></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dʒɛŋ]</span> </td> <td rowspan="3">'war' </td> <td rowspan="3">See <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_phonology" title="Kurdish phonology">Kurdish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Central</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Kurdish-language text"><span lang="ku"><a href="/wiki/Sorani_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorani alphabet">جه‌<b>نگ</b></a></span></span>/<span title="Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ku">ce<b>ng</b></i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Southern</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ganda_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganda language">Luganda</a></td> <td><span title="Macedonian-language text"><i lang="mk"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet"><b>ŋ</b>aa<b>ŋ</b>a</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋɑːŋɑ]</span></td> <td>'hornbill'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Luxembourgish-language text"><i lang="lb">ke<b>ng</b></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kʰæŋ]</span></td> <td>'nobody'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_phonology" title="Luxembourgish phonology">Luxembourgish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></td> <td><span title="Macedonian-language text"><span lang="mk"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian orthography">a<b>нг</b>лиски</a></span></span>/<span title="Macedonian-language romanization"><i lang="mk-Latn">angliski</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈaŋɡliski]</span></td> <td>'English'</td> <td>Occurs occasionally as an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_phonology" title="Macedonian phonology">Macedonian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></td> <td><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms"><a href="/wiki/Malay_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay alphabet">ba<b>ng</b>un</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈbaŋʊn]</span></td> <td>'wake up'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Kelantan-Pattani</a> </td> <td><i>sini</i> </td> <td>[si.niŋ] </td> <td>'here' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Kelantan-Pattani Malay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Terengganu</a> </td> <td><i>ayam</i> </td> <td>[a.jaŋ] </td> <td>'chicken' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Terengganu Malay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005165_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005165-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">മാ<b>ങ്ങ</b></a>/mān̄n̄a</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[maːŋŋɐ]</span></td> <td>'mango'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard</a> </td> <td><span title="Mandarin Chinese-language text"><span lang="cmn-Hani"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">北京</a></span></span>/<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Běijī<b>ng</b></a> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[peɪ˨˩tɕiŋ˥]</span> </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>' </td> <td>Restricted to the <a href="/wiki/Syllable_coda" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable coda">syllable coda</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin phonology">Mandarin phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuanese dialect">Sichuanese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">我</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_Pinyin" title="Sichuanese Pinyin"><b>ng</b>o<sup>3</sup></a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋɔ˨˩]</span></td> <td>'I'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></td> <td><span title="Marathi-language text"><span lang="mr"><a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">रंग</a></span></span>/ranga</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[rəŋə]</span></td> <td>'colour'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Marathi_phonology" title="Marathi phonology">Marathi phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mari_language" title="Mari language">Mari</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">е<b>ҥ</b></a>/eng</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jeŋ]</span></td> <td>'human'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_language" title="Minangkabau language">Minangkabau</a> </td> <td><i>ma<b>ng</b>arasau</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mäŋäräsäu̯]</span> </td> <td>'nonsense' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a></td> <td><span title="Kazakh-language text"><span lang="kk"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_alphabets" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian alphabets">тэ<b>н</b>гэр / te<b>ŋ</b>ger</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[teŋger]</span></td> <td>'sky'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></td> <td><span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ne"><a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">न<b>ङ</b></a></span></span>/nang </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nʌŋ]</span> </td> <td>'nail'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Nepali_phonology" title="Nepali phonology">Nepali phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nganasan_language" title="Nganasan language">Nganasan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>ӈ</b>а<b>ӈ</b></a>/ngang</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋaŋ]</span></td> <td>'mouth'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nivkh language">Nivkh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>ң</b>амг</a>/ngamg</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋamɡ]</span></td> <td>'seven'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Frisian_language" title="North Frisian language">North Frisian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mooring_(North_Frisian_dialect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mooring (North Frisian dialect)">Mooring</a></td> <td><span title="North Frisian-language text"><i lang="frr">kåchel<b>ng</b></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈkɔxəlŋ]</span></td> <td>'stove'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern Min</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">外</a>/ngui </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋui]</span> </td> <td>'outside' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAikioYlikoski2022151_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAikioYlikoski2022151-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Eastern Finnmark</td> <td><span title="Northern Sami-language text"><i lang="se">maŋis</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɒːŋiːs]</span></td> <td>'behind'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western Finnmark</td> <td><span title="Northern Sami-language text"><i lang="se">máŋga</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɑːŋˑka]</span></td> <td>'many'</td> <td>[ŋ] has merged with [ɲ] in Western Finnmark, except before velar stops. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a></td> <td><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian alphabet">ga<b>ng</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡɑŋ]</span></td> <td>'hallway'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_phonology" title="Norwegian phonology">Norwegian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></td> <td><span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or"><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">ଏବଂ</a></span></span>/ebang</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ebɔŋ]</span></td> <td>'and'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan</a></td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><i lang="ryu">nkai</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋkai]</span></td> <td>'to'</td> <td>Allophone of [n] before velars, before consonants in an onset cluster, and also word-finally in some dialects. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish">Ottoman Turkish</a></td> <td><span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DA%AD%DB%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:یڭی">ی<b>ڭ</b>ی</a></span></span>/<i>ye<b>ŋ</b>i</i></td> <td></td> <td>'new'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Panjabi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">ਰੰਗ</a>/rang </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[rəŋ]</span> </td> <td rowspan="3">'color' </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahmukhi alphabet">Shahmukhi</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Punjabi-language text"><span lang="pa"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">ر<strong>نگ</strong></a></span></span>/rang </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Persian" title="Iranian Persian">Iranian Persian</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ræŋg]</span></td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before velar plosives. See <a href="/wiki/Persian_phonology" title="Persian phonology">Persian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pipil_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipil language">Pipil</a></td> <td><span title="Pipil-language text"><i lang="ppl">nema<b>nh</b>a</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nemaŋa]</span></td> <td>'later'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJassem2003103_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJassem2003103-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography">ba<b>n</b>k</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[bäŋk]</span></td> <td>'bank'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡ,<span class="wrap"> </span>x/</span>; <a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">post-palatal</a> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kʲ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡʲ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGussmann1974107,_111_and_114_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussmann1974107,_111_and_114-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstaszewskaTambor200035,_41_and_86_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstaszewskaTambor200035,_41_and_86-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Polish_phonology" title="Polish phonology">Polish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td> <td><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">ma<b>n</b>ga</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈmɐ̃(ŋ)ɡɐ]</span></td> <td>'mango'</td> <td>Occurs occasionally in slow, careful speech, as an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span>, when the speaker does not delete the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> by <a href="/wiki/Fusion_(phonetics)" title="Fusion (phonetics)">fusing</a> it with the preceding vowel. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" title="Provençal dialect">Provençal</a></td> <td><span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc"><a href="/wiki/Latin_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin orthography">vi<b>n</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[viŋ]</span></td> <td>'wine'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_language" title="Rapa Nui language">Rapanui</a></td> <td><span title="Rapa Nui-language text"><i lang="rap-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">ha<b>ng</b>a</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[haŋa]</span></td> <td>'bay'</td> <td>Sometimes written <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> in Rapanui </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a></td> <td><i>Țara Moților</i> <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_varieties_of_Romanian" title="Transylvanian varieties of Romanian">Transylvanian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPop193831_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPop193831-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">câi<b>n</b>e</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">['kɨŋi]</span></td> <td>'dog'</td> <td>Corresponds to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>]</span> in standard Romanian. See <a href="/wiki/Romanian_phonology" title="Romanian phonology">Romanian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a></td> <td><span title="Samoan-language text"><i lang="sm"><b>g</b>a<b>g</b>ana</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋaˈŋana]</span></td> <td>'language'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a><sup id="cite_ref-Landau1999_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landau1999-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">sta<b>n</b>ka</a></i></span> / <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><span lang="sh-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">ста<b>н</b>ка</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[stâːŋka]</span></td> <td>'pause'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡ,<span class="wrap"> </span>x/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Landau1999_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landau1999-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_phonology" title="Serbo-Croatian phonology">Serbo-Croatian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Seri_language" title="Seri language">Seri</a></td> <td><span title="Seri-language text"><i lang="sei"><a href="/wiki/Seri_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Seri alphabet">co<b>m</b>cáac</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[koŋˈkaak]</span></td> <td>'Seri people'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona</a></td> <td><b>n'</b>a<b>n</b>ga</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋaŋɡa]</span></td> <td>'traditional healer'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a></td> <td><span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl">ta<b>n</b>k</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪âːŋk]</span></td> <td>'tank'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">黃</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī"><b>n̂g</b></a> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ̍˨˦]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">'yellow' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">黃</a>/<a href="/wiki/Peng%27im" title="Peng'im"><b>ng</b><sup>5</sup></a> </td> <td>[ŋ̍<sup>55</sup>] </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003258_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003258-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>All dialects</td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">domi<b>n</b>go</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d̪o̞ˈmĩŋɡo̞]</span></td> <td>'Sunday'</td> <td>Allophone of /n/ before velar consonants. See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Galician Spanish, Andalusian, Canarian, Andean, and most Caribbean dialects</td> <td><i>alquitrá<b>n</b></i></td> <td>[<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">alkiˈtɾaŋ</span>]</td> <td>'tar'</td> <td>Allophone of /n/ in word-final position regardless of what follows. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></td> <td><b>ng'</b>ombe</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋombɛ]</span></td> <td>'cow'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></td> <td>Standard</td> <td><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">i<b>ng</b>enti<b>ng</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪŋɛnˈtʰɪŋ]</span></td> <td>'nothing'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Swedish_phonology" title="Swedish phonology">Swedish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southern Västerbotten<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>ngiv</td> <td>[ˈŋiːv]</td> <td>'knife' </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl"><a href="/wiki/Filipino_orthography" title="Filipino orthography"><b>ng</b>ayón</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋaˈjon]</span></td> <td>'now'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td> <td>இ<b>ங்</b>கே/in̄gē</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iŋgeː]</span></td> <td>'here' </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></td> <td><span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">వా<b>ఙ్మ</b>యం</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʋaːŋmajam]</span></td> <td>'Literature'</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">Allophone</a> of <a href="/wiki/Anuswara" class="mw-redirect" title="Anuswara">anuswara</a> when followed by <a href="/wiki/Velar_stop" title="Velar stop">velar stop</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_Tibetan" title="Lhasa Tibetan">Tibetan</a> </td> <td>Standard </td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%BD%84#Etymology_2_4" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ང">ང</a>/nga </td> <td>[ŋa˩˧] </td> <td>'I' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></td> <td><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th"><a href="/wiki/Thai_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai alphabet"><b>ง</b>าน</a></span></span>/ngaan</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋaːn]</span></td> <td>'work'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nuer_language" title="Nuer language">Nuer - Thok Nath</a></td> <td><span title="Nuer-language text"><i lang="nus"><b>ŋ</b>a</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋa]</span></td> <td>'who?' or 'Is who?'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tongan_language" title="Tongan language">Tongan</a></td> <td><span title="Tongan-language text"><i lang="to"><a href="/wiki/Tongan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongan alphabet">ta<b>ng</b>ata</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[taŋata]</span></td> <td>'man'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tuamotuan_language" title="Tuamotuan language">Tuamotuan</a></td> <td><span title="Thai-language text"><i lang="th"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">ra<b>ng</b>i / ra<b>g</b>i</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[raŋi]</span></td> <td>'sky'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tundra_Nenets_language" title="Tundra Nenets language">Tundra Nenets</a></td> <td><span title="Nenets-language text"><span lang="yrk"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>ӈ</b>эва</a></span></span>/ŋəwa</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋæewa]</span></td> <td>'head'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tupi_language" title="Tupi language">Tupi</a> </td> <td><i>monha<b>ng</b></i> </td> <td>[mɔɲaŋ] </td> <td>'to make' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Tupi_language#Phonology" title="Tupi language">Tupian Phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></td> <td><span title="Turkmen-language text"><i lang="tk"><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_alphabet" title="Turkmen alphabet">mü<b>ň</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[myŋ]</span></td> <td>'thousand'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tyap_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyap language">Tyap</a></td> <td><span title="Tyap-language text"><i lang="kcg"><b>nɡ</b>ɡwon</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋɡʷən]</span></td> <td>'child'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></td> <td><span title="Uzbek-language text"><i lang="uz"><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_alphabet" title="Uzbek alphabet">mi<b>ng</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[miŋ]</span></td> <td>'thousand'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a></td> <td><span title="Venetian-language text"><i lang="vec"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">ma<b>n</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[maŋ]</span></td> <td>'hand'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet"><b>ng</b>à</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋaː˨˩]</span></td> <td>'ivory'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology" title="Vietnamese phonology">Vietnamese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></td> <td><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">rhw<b>ng</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[r̥ʊŋ]</span></td> <td>'between'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">West Frisian</a></td> <td><span title="West Frisian-language text"><i lang="fy">keni<b>ng</b></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈkeːnɪŋ]</span></td> <td>'king'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">五</a>/ng </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ˩˧]</span> </td> <td>'five' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a></td> <td><span title="Xhosa-language text"><i lang="xh">i<b>ng</b>'a<b>ng</b>'ane</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iŋaŋaːne]</span></td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Hadada_ibis" title="Hadada ibis">hadada ibis</a>'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">熬</a>/ngau </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋau]</span> </td> <td>'to boil' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Yi</a></td> <td><span title="Yi-language text"><span lang="ii"><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">ꉢ</a></span></span>/<span title="Yi-language text"><i lang="ii"><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script"><b>ng</b>a</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋa˧]</span></td> <td>'I'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yupik_languages" title="Yupik languages">Yup'ik</a></td> <td><span title="Yupik languages collective text"><i lang="ypk-Latn">u<b>ng</b>u<b>ng</b>ssiq</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[uŋuŋssiq]</span></td> <td>'animal'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapotec language">Zapotec</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tilquiapan_Zapotec" title="Tilquiapan Zapotec">Tilquiapan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008109_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008109-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><i>ya<b>n</b></i></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jaŋ]</span></td> <td>'neck'</td> <td>Word-final allophone of lenis <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_nasal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_phonetics_articles" title="Index of phonetics articles">Index of phonetics articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eng_(letter)" title="Eng (letter)">Eng (letter)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_nasal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLadefoged2005">Ladefoged (2005)</a>, p. 164. The oral counterparts <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p,<span class="wrap"> </span>t,<span class="wrap"> </span>k/</span> are found together in almost all languages</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesWard1969160-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesWard1969160_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesWard1969">Jones & Ward (1969)</a>, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Instead of "pre-velar", it can be called "advanced velar", "fronted velar", "front-velar", "palato-velar", "post-palatal", "retracted palatal" or "backed palatal".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Instead of "post-velar", it can be called "retracted velar", "backed velar", "pre-uvular", "advanced uvular" or "fronted uvular".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005165-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005165_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005165_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLadefoged2005">Ladefoged (2005)</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200919-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200919_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDum-Tragut2009">Dum-Tragut (2009)</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSabev" class="citation web cs1">Sabev, Mitko. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.personal.rdg.ac.uk/~llsroach/phon2/b_phon/b_phon.htm">"Bulgarian Sound System"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120711192625/http://www.personal.rdg.ac.uk/~llsroach/phon2/b_phon/b_phon.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karjalan+grammari+kaikella+rahvahalla+1&rft.pages=13%2C+19&rft.pub=Karjalan+Kielet+ry&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Jeskanen&rft.aufirst=Matti&rft.au=Jahn%2C+Eila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.uef.fi%2Fkarjalanelvytys%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F155%2F2022%2F12%2FKarjalan_Grammari_kaikella_rahvahalla_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGillesTrouvain2013">Gilles & Trouvain (2013)</a>, pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAikioYlikoski2022151-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAikioYlikoski2022151_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAikioYlikoski2022">Aikio & Ylikoski (2022)</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJassem2003103-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJassem2003103_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJassem2003">Jassem (2003)</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussmann1974107,_111_and_114-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGussmann1974107,_111_and_114_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGussmann1974">Gussmann (1974)</a>, pp. 107, 111 and 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstaszewskaTambor200035,_41_and_86-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstaszewskaTambor200035,_41_and_86_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOstaszewskaTambor2000">Ostaszewska & Tambor (2000)</a>, pp. 35, 41 and 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPop193831-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPop193831_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPop1938">Pop (1938)</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Landau1999-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Landau1999_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Landau1999_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandauLončarićHorgaŠkarić1999">Landau et al. 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Umeå: Dialekt- och ortnamnsarkivet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-970358-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-970358-1-1"><bdi>978-91-970358-1-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H%C3%B6ssj%C3%B6m%C3%A5let%3A+ordbok+%C3%B6ver+en+sydv%C3%A4sterbottnisk+dialekt&rft.place=Ume%C3%A5&rft.edition=2.+uppl&rft.pub=Dialekt-+och+ortnamnsarkivet&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-91-970358-1-1&rft.aulast=S%C3%B6derstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Sven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1959">Thompson (1959)</a>, pp. 458–461.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: no target: CITEREFThompson1959 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008109-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008109_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMerrill2008">Merrill (2008)</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_nasal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAikioYlikoski2022" class="citation cs2">Aikio, Ante; Ylikoski, Jussi (2022), "North Saami", in Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena (eds.), <i>The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages</i>, Oxford Guides to the World's Languages, Oxford University Press, pp. 147–177, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198767664.003.0010">10.1093/oso/9780198767664.003.0010</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-876766-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-876766-4"><bdi>978-0-19-876766-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=North+Saami&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Guide+to+the+Uralic+Languages&rft.series=Oxford+Guides+to+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.pages=147-177&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198767664.003.0010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-876766-4&rft.aulast=Aikio&rft.aufirst=Ante&rft.au=Ylikoski%2C+Jussi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2008" class="citation cs2">Anderson, Gregory D. S. (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wals.info/feature/9">"The Velar Nasal"</a>, in Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S; Gil, David; et al. (eds.), <i>The World Atlas of Language Structures Online</i>, Munich: Max Planck Digital Library<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-30</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Velar+Nasal&rft.btitle=The+World+Atlas+of+Language+Structures+Online&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Digital+Library&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Gregory+D.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwals.info%2Ffeature%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarbonellLlisterri1992" class="citation cs2">Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>22</b> (1–2): 53–56, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300004618">10.1017/S0025100300004618</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249411809">249411809</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Catalan&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=53-56&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004618&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249411809%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Carbonell&rft.aufirst=Joan+F.&rft.au=Llisterri%2C+Joaquim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDum-Tragut2009" class="citation cs2">Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), <i>Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian</i>, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenian%3A+Modern+Eastern+Armenian&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Dum-Tragut&rft.aufirst=Jasmine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillesTrouvain2013" class="citation cs2">Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>43</b> (1): 67–74, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100312000278">10.1017/S0025100312000278</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Luxembourgish&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=67-74&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100312000278&rft.aulast=Gilles&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Trouvain%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGussenhoven1992" class="citation cs2">Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>22</b> (2): 45–47, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002510030000459X">10.1017/S002510030000459X</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243772965">243772965</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Dutch&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=45-47&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS002510030000459X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243772965%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gussenhoven&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGussmann1974" class="citation cs2">Gussmann, Edmund (1974), Fisiak, Jacek (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED115080.pdf">"Nasality in Polish and English"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics</i>, <b>2</b>, Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University: 105–122</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Papers+and+Studies+in+Contrastive+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Nasality+in+Polish+and+English&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=105-122&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Gussmann&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.eric.ed.gov%2Ffulltext%2FED115080.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJassem2003" class="citation cs2">Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>33</b> (1): 103–107, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100303001191">10.1017/S0025100303001191</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Polish&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103-107&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100303001191&rft.aulast=Jassem&rft.aufirst=Wiktor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesWard1969" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a>; Ward, Dennis (1969), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A9rrVMQ-PxsC"><i>The Phonetics of Russian</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15300-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15300-3"><bdi>978-0-521-15300-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonetics+of+Russian&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15300-3&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Ward%2C+Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA9rrVMQ-PxsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadefoged2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ladefoged" title="Peter Ladefoged">Ladefoged, Peter</a> (2005), <i>Vowels and Consonants: An Introduction to the Sounds of Languages</i>, vol. 1, Wiley-Blackwell</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vowels+and+Consonants%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Sounds+of+Languages&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandauLončarićHorgaŠkarić1999" class="citation cs2">Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-65236-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-65236-7"><bdi>0-521-65236-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Croatian&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=66-69&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-65236-7&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=Ernestina&rft.au=Lon%C4%8Dari%C4%87%2C+Mijo&rft.au=Horga%2C+Damir&rft.au=%C5%A0kari%C4%87%2C+Ivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003" class="citation cs2">Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>33</b> (2): 255–259, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100303001373">10.1017/S0025100303001373</a></span> (inactive 1 November 2024)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Castilian+Spanish&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=255-259&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100303001373&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Planas%2C+Ana+Ma.&rft.au=Carrera-Sabat%C3%A9%2C+Josefina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrill2008" class="citation cs2">Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balsas-nahuatl.org/mixtec/Christian_articles/Otomanguean/Merrill.pdf">"Tilquiapan Zapotec"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>38</b> (1): 107–114, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100308003344">10.1017/S0025100308003344</a></span> (inactive 1 November 2024)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Tilquiapan+Zapotec&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=107-114&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100308003344&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balsas-nahuatl.org%2Fmixtec%2FChristian_articles%2FOtomanguean%2FMerrill.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkada1999" class="citation cs2">Okada, Hideo (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_jpn_phon-2">"Japanese"</a>, in International Phonetic Association (ed.), <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</i>, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52163751-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52163751-0"><bdi>978-0-52163751-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japanese&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.pages=117-119&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-52163751-0&rft.aulast=Okada&rft.aufirst=Hideo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frosettaproject_jpn_phon-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsonMielkeSanicas-DagumanPebley2010" class="citation cs2">Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J. III (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/57/61/33/57613375662347024243010702792934392955/OlsonMielkeSanicas_DagumanPebleyPaterson2010.pdf">"The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>40</b> (2): 199–215, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100309990296">10.1017/S0025100309990296</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38504322">38504322</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=The+phonetic+status+of+the+%28inter%29dental+approximant&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=199-215&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100309990296&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A38504322%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Mielke%2C+Jeff&rft.au=Sanicas-Daguman%2C+Josephine&rft.au=Pebley%2C+Carol+Jean&rft.au=Paterson%2C+Hugh+J.+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Freapdata%2F57%2F61%2F33%2F57613375662347024243010702792934392955%2FOlsonMielkeSanicas_DagumanPebleyPaterson2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstaszewskaTambor2000" class="citation cs2">Ostaszewska, Danuta; Tambor, Jolanta (2000), <i>Fonetyka i fonologia współczesnego języka polskiego</i>, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-01-12992-1" title="Special:BookSources/83-01-12992-1"><bdi>83-01-12992-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fonetyka+i+fonologia+wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czesnego+j%C4%99zyka+polskiego&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=83-01-12992-1&rft.aulast=Ostaszewska&rft.aufirst=Danuta&rft.au=Tambor%2C+Jolanta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPop1938" class="citation cs2">Pop, Sever (1938), <i>Micul Atlas Linguistic Român</i>, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Micul+Atlas+Linguistic+Rom%C3%A2n&rft.pub=Muzeul+Limbii+Rom%C3%A2ne+Cluj&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Pop&rft.aufirst=Sever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed2001" class="citation cs2">Reed, A.W. (2001), <a href="/wiki/T%C4%ABmoti_K%C4%81retu" title="Tīmoti Kāretu">Kāretu, Tīmoti</a> (ed.), <i>The Reed Concise Māori Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reed+Concise+M%C4%81ori+Dictionary&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=A.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogersd'Arcangeli2004" class="citation cs2">Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>34</b> (1): 117–121, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100304001628">10.1017/S0025100304001628</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Italian&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-121&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100304001628&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.au=d%27Arcangeli%2C+Luciana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSöderström1980" class="citation cs2">Söderström, Sven (1980), <i>Ordbok över en sydvästerbottnisk dialekt. På grundval av Evert Larssons samlingar</i>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-970358-1-5" title="Special:BookSources/91-970358-1-5"><bdi>91-970358-1-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordbok+%C3%B6ver+en+sydv%C3%A4sterbottnisk+dialekt.+P%C3%A5+grundval+av+Evert+Larssons+samlingar&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=91-970358-1-5&rft.aulast=S%C3%B6derstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Sven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells1989" class="citation cs2">Wells, J.C. (1989), "Computer-Coded Phonemic Notation of Individual Languages of the European Community", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>19</b> (1): 31–54, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300005892">10.1017/S0025100300005892</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145148170">145148170</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Computer-Coded+Phonemic+Notation+of+Individual+Languages+of+the+European+Community&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-54&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300005892&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145148170%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+velar+nasal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_nasal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=%C5%8B">List of languages with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ]</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{padding:0.2em;text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2ce;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table .wraplinks .selflink{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th:not(.IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow)[scope="col"]{text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;max-width:4em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th:not(.IPA-pulmonic-placearrow)[scope="row"]{text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable:not(.IPA-common-audiotable) td:not([colspan]){text-align:center;max-width:1.2em;min-width:1.2em;padding:0.1em 0.2em;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-audiotable td{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-noleftborder{border-left:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-norightborder{border-right:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notopborder{border-top:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-nobottomborder{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-shaded{background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes{text-align:left;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(chart)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_navigation" title="Template talk:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(chart)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">chart</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="IPA_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">IPA topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IPA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Association" title="International Phonetic Association">International Phonetic Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="History of the International Phonetic Alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_Quality_Symbols" title="Voice Quality Symbols">Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_International_Phonetic_Association" title="Journal of the International Phonetic Association"><i>Journal of the IPA</i> (<i>JIPA</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_forms_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Cursive forms of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Cursive forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_variants_of_IPA_letters" title="Case variants of IPA letters">Case variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_and_nonstandard_symbols_in_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet">Obsolete and nonstandard symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Naming conventions of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinological_extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinological extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Sinological extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Orthography" title="World Orthography">World Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">IPA chart for English dialects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Encodings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet">ASCII encodings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAMPA" title="SAMPA">SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirshenbaum" title="Kirshenbaum">Kirshenbaum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIPA_(software)" title="TIPA (software)">TIPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">Phonetic symbols in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_number" title="IPA number">IPA number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Consonants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_consonant" title="Pulmonic consonant">Pulmonic consonants</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable IPA-pulmonic-main" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-pulmonic-placearrow"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">Place</a> → </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_consonant" title="Laryngeal consonant">Laryngeal</a> </th></tr> <tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th scope="col" class="IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow"><a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">Manner</a> ↓ </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labiodental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Linguolabial_consonant" title="Linguolabial consonant">Linguolabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Postalveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant">Pharyngeal/epiglottal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiceless bilabial nasal">m̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiceless labiodental nasal">ɱ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_nasal" title="Voiced linguolabial nasal">n̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_nasal" title="Voiceless alveolar nasal">n̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiceless retroflex nasal">ɳ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_nasal" title="Voiceless palatal nasal">ɲ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_nasal" title="Voiceless velar nasal">ŋ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_nasal" title="Voiceless uvular nasal">ɴ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiceless labiodental plosive">p̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiced labiodental plosive">b̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiceless linguolabial plosive">t̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiced linguolabial plosive">d̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_plosive" title="Epiglottal plosive">ʡ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">Sibilant</a> <a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">affricate</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t̠ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d̠ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">tʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">dʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant affricate </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiceless bilabial affricate">pɸ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiced bilabial affricate">bβ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiceless labiodental affricate">p̪f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiced labiodental affricate">b̪v</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate">t̪θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate">d̪ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate">tɹ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate">dɹ̝</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">t̠ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">d̠ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal affricate">cç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_affricate" title="Voiced palatal affricate">ɟʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_affricate" title="Voiceless velar affricate">kx</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_affricate" title="Voiced velar affricate">ɡɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_affricate" title="Voiceless uvular affricate">qχ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_affricate" title="Voiced uvular affricate">ɢʁ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiceless epiglottal affricate">ʡʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiced epiglottal affricate">ʡʢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_affricate" title="Voiceless glottal affricate">ʔh</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sibilant <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant fricative </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiceless linguolabial fricative">θ̼</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiced linguolabial fricative">ð̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative">θ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative">ð̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative">ç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">ʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Creaky-voiced_glottal_approximant" title="Creaky-voiced glottal approximant">ʔ̞</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tap_and_flap_consonants" title="Tap and flap consonants">Tap/flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_flap" title="Voiced bilabial flap">ⱱ̟</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_flap" title="Voiced labiodental flap">ⱱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced linguolabial tap">ɾ̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar tap">ɾ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex flap">ɽ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_tap_and_flap" title="Voiced uvular tap and flap">ɢ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_tap" title="Voiced epiglottal tap">ʡ̆</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_trill" title="Voiceless bilabial trill">ʙ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_trill" title="Voiced bilabial trill">ʙ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_trill" title="Voiceless alveolar trill">r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_trill" title="Voiceless retroflex trill">ɽ̊r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_trill" title="Voiced retroflex trill">ɽr</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_trill" title="Voiceless uvular trill">ʀ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">ʀ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiceless epiglottal trill">ʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiced epiglottal trill">ʢ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate">tɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar lateral affricate">dɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate">tꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex lateral affricate">d𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal lateral affricate">c𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced palatal lateral affricate">ɟʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless velar lateral affricate">k𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced velar lateral affricate">ɡʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">ɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative">ꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex lateral fricative">𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal lateral fricative">𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced palatal lateral fricative">ʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless velar lateral fricative">𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced velar lateral fricative">ʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral approximant </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced uvular lateral approximant">ʟ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral tap/flap </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral flap">ɺ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral flap">ɺ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral flap">𝼈̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiced retroflex lateral flap">𝼈</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_flap" title="Voiced palatal lateral flap">ʎ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_tap" title="Voiced velar lateral tap">ʟ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Symbols to the right in a cell are <a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a>, to the left are <a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a>. <span style="display: inline-block;">Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="nowrap"><div style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 2em;"><b>Non-pulmonic consonants</b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable" style=""> <tbody><tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant"><abbr title="Bilabial">BL</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant"><abbr title="Labiodental">LD</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant"><abbr title="Dental">D</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant"><abbr title="Alveolar">A</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant"><abbr title="Postalveolar">PA</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant"><abbr title="Retroflex">RF</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant"><abbr title="Palatal">P</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant"><abbr title="Velar">V</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant"><abbr title="Uvular">U</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant"><abbr title="Epiglottal">EG</abbr></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Stop</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_stop" title="Bilabial ejective stop">pʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ejective stop">tʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_stop" title="Retroflex ejective stop">ʈʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_ejective_stop" title="Palatal ejective stop">cʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_stop" title="Uvular ejective stop">qʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_ejective" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiglottal ejective">ʡʼ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_affricate" title="Labiodental ejective affricate">p̪fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_affricate" title="Dental ejective affricate">t̪θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar ejective affricate">tsʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Palato-alveolar ejective affricate">t̠ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_affricate" title="Retroflex ejective affricate">tʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate">tɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_affricate" title="Velar ejective affricate">kxʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular ejective affricate">qχʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_fricative" title="Bilabial ejective fricative">ɸʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_fricative" title="Labiodental ejective fricative">fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_fricative" title="Dental ejective fricative">θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar ejective fricative">sʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Palato-alveolar ejective fricative">ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_fricative" title="Retroflex ejective fricative">ʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative">ɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_fricative" title="Velar ejective fricative">xʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_fricative" title="Uvular ejective fricative">χʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar lateral ejective affricate">tɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Palatal lateral ejective affricate">c𝼆ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Velar lateral ejective affricate">k𝼄ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular lateral ejective affricate">q𝼄ʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar lateral ejective fricative">ɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">Click</a><br />(top: velar;<br />bottom: uvular) </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">Tenuis</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_bilabial_click" title="Tenuis bilabial click">kʘ<br />qʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_dental_click" title="Tenuis dental click">kǀ<br />qǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_click" title="Tenuis alveolar click">kǃ<br />qǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_retroflex_click" title="Tenuis retroflex click">k𝼊<br />q𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_palatal_click" title="Tenuis palatal click">kǂ<br />qǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voiced</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_click" title="Voiced bilabial click">ɡʘ<br />ɢʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_click" title="Voiced dental click">ɡǀ<br />ɢǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_click" title="Voiced alveolar click">ɡǃ<br />ɢǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_click" title="Voiced retroflex click">ɡ𝼊<br />ɢ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_click" title="Voiced palatal click">ɡǂ<br />ɢǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_click" title="Nasal click">Nasal</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial nasal click">ŋʘ<br />ɴʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental nasal click">ŋǀ<br />ɴǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal click">ŋǃ<br />ɴǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex nasal click">ŋ𝼊<br />ɴ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal click">ŋǂ<br />ɴǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Back-released_click" title="Back-released click">ʞ</a></span><br />  </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tenuis <a href="/wiki/Lateral_click" title="Lateral click">lateral</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenuis alveolar lateral click">kǁ<br />qǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Voiced lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral click">ɡǁ<br />ɢǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nasal lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral nasal click">ŋǁ<br />ɴǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a> </th> <th scope="row">Voiced </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">ɓ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">ɗ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiced retroflex implosive">ᶑ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive">ʄ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive">ɠ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_implosive" title="Voiced uvular implosive">ʛ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">Voiceless</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiceless bilabial implosive">ɓ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_implosive" title="Voiceless alveolar implosive">ɗ̥</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiceless retroflex implosive">ᶑ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_implosive" title="Voiceless palatal implosive">ʄ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_implosive" title="Voiceless velar implosive">ɠ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_implosive" title="Voiceless uvular implosive">ʛ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_non-pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA non-pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="display: inline-block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Co-articulated_consonant" title="Co-articulated consonant">Co-articulated consonants</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="nowrap IPA-coarticulated-main IPA-coarticulated-nocaption" style=""> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–alveolar nasal">n͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93coronal_consonant" title="Labial–coronal consonant">Labial–alveolar</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced labial–retroflex nasal">ɳ͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93retroflex_consonant" title="Labial–retroflex consonant">Labial–retroflex</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–velar nasal">ŋ͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93velar_consonant" title="Labial–velar consonant">Labial–velar</a></div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive">t͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–alveolar plosive">d͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive">ʈ͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced labial–retroflex plosive">ɖ͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–retroflex</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar plosive">k͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–velar plosive">ɡ͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive">q͡ʡ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_consonant" title="Uvular–epiglottal consonant">Uvular–epiglottal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–uvular plosive">q͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93uvular_consonant" title="Labial–uvular consonant">Labial–uvular</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a>/<a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">approximant</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–palatal fricative">ɥ̊</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labio-palatalization" title="Labio-palatalization">Labial–palatal</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">ʍ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound"><i>Sj</i>-sound</a> (variable)</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> approximant</div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization">Velarized</a> alveolar</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar implosive">ɠ̊͜ɓ̥</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiced labial–velar implosive">ɠ͡ɓ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93alveolar_ejective_stop" title="Labial–alveolar ejective stop">t͡pʼ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_co-articulated_consonants" title="Template:IPA co-articulated consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Other" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Nasal labial–velar approximant">Nasal labial–velar approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_palatal_approximant" title="Nasal palatal approximant">Nasal palatal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bidental_fricative" title="Voiceless bidental fricative">Voiceless bidental fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̪͆]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabially_post-trilled_dental_stop" title="Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop">Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʙ̥]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_nasal_glottal_approximant" title="Voiceless nasal glottal approximant">Voiceless nasal glottal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̃]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vowels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="nowrap IPA-vowels-main IPA-vowels-nocaption IPA-vowels-noaudio" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td class="IPA-vowels-image-cell"><span class="IPA-vowels-image skin-invert notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/320px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/480px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/640px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-22px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-1px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_vowel" title="Near-close vowel">Near-close</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(40px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-15px, -1px);"><div></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">ɘ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Mid front rounded vowel">ø̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(32px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(64px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">œ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel">ɜ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel">ɞ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_vowel" title="Near-open vowel">Near-open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(85px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(53px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(106px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">ɶ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(63px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_vowels" title="Template:IPA vowels">template</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Legend: <a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">unrounded <span style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);">•</span> rounded</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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