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interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_kirgu%C3%ADs" title="Alfabeto kirguís – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto kirguís" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="الفبای قرقیزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبای قرقیزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="키르기스어 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키르기스어 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%96" title="Қырғыз әліпбиі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қырғыз әліпбиі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кыргыз алфавити – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кыргыз алфавити" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiz_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9" title="Kirgiz ábécé – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kirgiz ábécé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Киргиска азбука – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Киргиска азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qirg%CA%BBiz_alifbosi" title="Qirgʻiz alifbosi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qirgʻiz alifbosi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C7%B5%C4%B1z_%C3%A1lipbesi" title="Qırǵız álipbesi – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qırǵız álipbesi" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Киргизская письменность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киргизская письменность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kyrgyz_ArabicScript_QasymT_Kg.png/500px-Kyrgyz_ArabicScript_QasymT_Kg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kyrgyz_ArabicScript_QasymT_Kg.png/750px-Kyrgyz_ArabicScript_QasymT_Kg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kyrgyz_ArabicScript_QasymT_Kg.png/1000px-Kyrgyz_ArabicScript_QasymT_Kg.png 2x" data-file-width="5333" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Kyrgyz Arabic Script as developed by the founder of the Kyrgyz linguistics, Qasym Tynystanov.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Kyrgyz alphabets</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are the alphabets used to write the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz language</a>. Kyrgyz uses the following alphabets: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a> is officially used in the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyz Republic</a> (Kyrgyzstan)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a> is officially used in Afghanistan, Pakistan and the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> (China) in the <a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz Braille</a></li></ul> <p>The Arabic script was traditionally used to write Kyrgyz before the introduction of the first Latin-based alphabets in 1927. In the years 1923-1925, Kyrgyz literaturists and liguists such as <a href="/wiki/Kasym_Tynystanov" title="Kasym Tynystanov">Kasym Tynystanov</a> and <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Арабаев, Ишеналы">Ishenali Arabayev</a> undertook a project of reforming Kyrgyz Arabic orthography. In doing so, they took inspiration from the reformed <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh Arabic alphabet</a>, one of the first Turkic Arabic scripts to be undergoing reforms as early as 1912. Today an Arabic alphabet is used in China, which slightly differs from the 1920s Soviet standard. For example, in the 1920s Arabic alphabet, the distinction between front and back vowel pairs [о][ɵ] and [u][ʏ] was to be marked with an initial <i>hamza</i> if it couldn't be inferred from the word itself. In the Chinese variant standardized in 1950s, each of the said four vowels have a unique letter for example, thus making the use of a hamza unnecessary.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-knab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1alif" title="Yañalif">New Turkic Alphabet</a> was used in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a> in the 1930s until its <a href="/wiki/Cyrillisation_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cyrillisation in the Soviet Union">replacement</a> by a Cyrillic script.<sup id="cite_ref-sumarokova_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sumarokova-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kyrgyz Cyrillic alphabet is the alphabet used in Kyrgyzstan. It contains 36 letters: 33 from the Russian alphabet with 3 additional letters for sounds of the Kyrgyz language: Ң, Ү, Ө. </p><p>Within the country, there have been mixed reactions to the idea of adopting the Latin alphabet for Kyrgyz. The chairman of Kyrgyzstan's National Commission for the State Language and Language Policies, Kanybek Osmonaliev, announced in September 2022 that it is considering switching to the Latin alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, several months later, Russia suspended dairy exports to Kyrgyzstan after Osmonaliev repeated his proposal to change the official script from Cyrillic to Latin to bring the country in line with other Turkic-speaking nations. Osmonaliev was reprimanded by President <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Sadyr Japarov</a> who then clarified that Kyrgyzstan had no plans to replace the Cyrillic alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vowels">Vowels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_alphabets&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Kyrgyz Cyrillic alphabet, there are 15 vowels, and in Kyrgyz Arabic Alphabet, there are 13. The discrepancy is for two reasons. First, in Kyrgyz Cyrillic, both vowels <b>Э э</b> and <b>Е е</b> were imported from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Cyrillic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Cyrillic alphabet">Russian Cyrillic alphabet</a>. They essentially make the same sound, and the choice comes down to a matter of orthographic rule. They are both represented in the Kyrgyz Arabic alphabet with <b>ە / ﻪ</b>. The second difference is that Kyrgyz Cyrillic has two letters <b>Ы ы</b> and <b>И и</b>, the former being a back vowel and the latter a front vowel. </p><p>Similar to other Turkic languages, Kyrgyz vowels are divided into <a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">front vowel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">back vowel</a>, and all words shall follow the <a href="/wiki/Vowel_harmony" title="Vowel harmony">vowel harmony</a> rules. This means that the vowel sounds within a word can either be front vowel, or back vowel. </p><p>In Kyrgyz, vowels are also divided into short and long. Whether in Kyrgyz Cyrillic Alphabet, or in Kyrgyz Arabic Alphabet, long vowels are represented by writing the same letter twice. For example, in the word <b>дөөлөт / دۅۅلۅت</b> 'state', there is a long vowel and a short vowel. Of the two letters <b>Э э</b> and <b>Е е</b>, only the former also has a long vowel, <b>Ээ ээ</b> </p><p>The letters <b>Ы ы</b> and <b>И и</b> do not have a long vowel equivalent. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">Rounded</a> </th> <th colspan="5">Unrounded </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <th colspan="3">Close </th> <th colspan="2">Open </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">Short</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">Long</a> </th> <th>Short </th> <th>Long </th> <th>N/A </th> <th>Short </th> <th>Long </th> <th>Short </th> <th>Long </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a><br />Жоон үндүүлөр<br />جوون ۉندۉۉلۅر </th> <th>Arabic </th> <td><big>ـﯗ‎ / ﯗ</big> </td> <td><big>ـﯗﯗ‎ / ﯗﯗ</big> </td> <td><big>ـو‎ / و‎</big> </td> <td><big>ـوو‎ / وو‎</big> </td> <td><big>ىـ / ـى / ى‎</big> </td> <td colspan="2;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td><big>ا / ‍ـا</big> </td> <td><big>اا / ‍ـاا</big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Cyrillic<br />(Latin) </th> <td>У у<br />(U u) </td> <td>Уу уу<br />(Uu uu) </td> <td>О о<br />(O o) </td> <td>Оо оо<br />(Oo oo) </td> <td>Ы ы<br />(Y y) </td> <td>А а<br />(A a) </td> <td>Аа аа<br />(Aa aa) </td></tr> <tr> <th>IPA </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a>]</span> </td> <td>[uː] </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>]</span> </td> <td>[ɔː] </td> <td>[ɯ] </td> <td>[ɑ] </td> <td>[ɑː] </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a><br />Ичке үндүүлөр<br />ئچكە ۉندۉۉلۅر </th> <th>Arabic </th> <td><big>ـۉ‎ / ۉ</big> </td> <td><big>ـۉۉ‎ / ۉۉ</big> </td> <td><big>ـۅ‎ / ۅ‎</big> </td> <td><big>ـۅۅ‎ / ۅۅ</big> </td> <td><big>ىـ / ـى / ى‎</big> <br />(<big>ئـ / ـئ / ئ‎</big>)<sup>1</sup> </td> <td><big>ە / ـە</big> </td> <td><big>ەە / ـەە</big> </td> <td colspan="3;" rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Cyrillic<br />(Latin) </th> <td>Ү ү<br />(Ü ü) </td> <td>Үү үү<br />(Üü üü) </td> <td>Ө ө<br />(Ö ö) </td> <td>Өө өө<br />(Öö öö) </td> <td>И и<br />(I i) </td> <td>Е е / Э э<br />(E e) </td> <td>Ээ ээ<br />(Ee ee) </td></tr> <tr> <th>IPA </th> <td>[ʏ] </td> <td>[yː] </td> <td>[ɵ] </td> <td>[ɵː] </td> <td>[ɪ] </td> <td>[e] </td> <td>[eː] </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>Notes</dd></dl> <ol><li>The common and standard letter for use the vowel pair [Ы ы][И и] (back vowel and front vowel respectively) in Arabic is the letter "ىـ / ـى / ى". When it cannot be inferred from the word which of these two the letter is referring to, if the vowel is front vowel, a <i>hamza</i> is placed on the letter. If there exists multiple front vowels [И и] in a word, where in Arabic, the <i>hamza</i> is necessary for the correct inference of the pronounciation, only the initial letter is to take <i>hamza</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-knab_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <dl><dd>What is meant by inference, is that the consonants "قـ ق" and "عـ ع" ([q] and [ɢ~ʁ]) are only used with back vowels, and the letters "كـ ك" and "گـ‌ گ" ([k] and [g]) with front vowels. Each of the other vowels in a word are also clearly either front or back vowels. So based on vowel harmony rules, it can be inferred that an unmarked "ىـ / ـى / ى" letter is also either back or front vowel, matching the word. However, there exists words in Kyrgyz, where in a word that contains back-vowels, there exists mid-word an exceptional use of the front vowel [И и]. In these cases as well, the <i>hamza</i> is to be used to mark the vowel. Below a variety of examples, and their cyrillic transliterations:</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>س<span style="background-color:; color:red;">ى</span>ر</b> <i>сыр</i> ('secret')</li> <li><b><span style="background-color:; color:blue;">ا</span>نىن س<span style="background-color:; color:red;">ى</span>ر<span style="background-color:; color:red;">ى</span></b> (<i>анын сыры</i>) ('his secret')</li> <li><b>ب<span style="background-color:; color:red;">ئ</span>ر</b> <i>бир</i> ('one')</li> <li><b>ب<span style="background-color:; color:red;">ئ</span>ر<span style="background-color:; color:red;">ى</span></b> <i>бири</i> ('one of')</li> <li><b><span style="background-color:; color:blue;">ا</span>ب<span style="background-color:; color:red;">ئ</span>ي<span style="background-color:; color:red;">ى</span>ر</b> <i>абийир</i> ('conscience')</li> <li><b><span style="background-color:; color:blue;">ك</span><span style="background-color:; color:red;">ى</span>رد<span style="background-color:; color:red;">ى</span>م</b> <i>кирдим</i> ('I entered')</li> <li><b><span style="background-color:; color:blue;">ق</span><span style="background-color:; color:red;">ى</span>رد<span style="background-color:; color:red;">ى</span>م</b> <i>кырдым</i> ('I shaved')</li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Correspondence_chart">Correspondence chart</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_alphabets&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Correspondence chart"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Correspondence chart of four Kyrgyz alphabets: the Kyrgyz Cyrillic and <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz Braille</a> alphabets used in <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, the Kyrgyz Latin alphabet used from 1928 to 1938 in the <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic">Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, and the Kyrgyz Arabic alphabet used in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, China. In this correspondence chart, the Cyrillic alphabet is written in its official order. The Arabic and Latin equivalents are not written in their official alphabetical orders but have been listed around the Cyrillic for ease of understanding. </p> <table class="sortable wikitable" width="400"> <caption>Comparison of Kyrgyz alphabets<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Cyrillic </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Braille </th> <th>Arabic<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Kyrgyz" title="Romanization of Kyrgyz">Transliteration</a><br /><a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN_romanization" title="BGN/PCGN romanization">(BGN/PCGN)</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1alif" title="Yañalif">Latin</a> <br />(1928–⁠1938)<sup id="cite_ref-sumarokova_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sumarokova-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA transcription</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А">А</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А">а</a></td> <td>а (a)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠁</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ا">ا</a></td> <td>A a</td> <td>A a</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɑ~a/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">Б</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">б</a></td> <td>бе (be)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ب">ب</a></td> <td>B b</td> <td>B ʙ</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b~w/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="В">В</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="В">в</a></td> <td>ве (we)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456) U+283A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠺</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="ۋ">ۋ</a></td> <td>V v</td> <td>V v</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w~v/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">Г</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">г</a></td> <td>ге (ge)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠛</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="گ">گ</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="ع">ع</a>*</td> <td>G g</td> <td>G g, <a href="/wiki/%C6%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƣ">Ƣ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƣ">ƣ</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁ~ɢ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">Д</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">д</a></td> <td>де (de)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠙</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="د">د</a></td> <td>D d</td> <td>D d</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Е">Е</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Е">е</a></td> <td>е (ye)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠑</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%95" class="mw-redirect" title="ە">ە</a></td> <td>E e</td> <td>E e</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/je,<span class="wrap"> </span>e/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ё">Ё</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ё">ё</a></td> <td>ё (yo)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) U+2821" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠡</span></td> <td>ي+و(يو)</td> <td>Yo yo</td> <td>Jo jo</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/jɵ~jo/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ж">Ж</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ж">ж</a></td> <td>же (je)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠚</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a></td> <td>C c</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">Cc</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C6%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƶ">Ƶ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƶ">ƶ</a> from 1938)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d͡ʑ/</span>, both <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d͡ʑ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʑ/</span> since 1938 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">З</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">з</a></td> <td>зе (ze)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) U+2835" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠵</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ز">ز</a></td> <td>Z z</td> <td>Z z</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="И">И</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="И">и</a></td> <td>и (i)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ى">ى</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="ئ">ئ</a>)</td> <td>I i</td> <td>I i</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i~ɪ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">Й</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">й</a></td> <td>ий (ii)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) U+282F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠯</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ي">ي</a></td> <td>Y y</td> <td>J j</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="К">К</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="К">к</a></td> <td>ка (ka)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠅</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ك">ك</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a>*</td> <td>K k</td> <td>K k, Q q</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k,<span class="wrap"> </span>q~χ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Л">Л</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Л">л</a></td> <td>эл (el)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠇</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="ل">ل</a></td> <td>L l</td> <td>L l</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɫ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="М">М</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="М">м</a></td> <td>эм (em)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠍</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="م">م</a></td> <td>M m</td> <td>M m</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">Н</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">н</a></td> <td>эн (en)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠝</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ن">ن</a></td> <td>N n</td> <td>N n</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">Ң</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">ң</a></td> <td>ың (yng)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠽</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ڭ">ڭ</a></td> <td>Ng ng</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꞑ">Ꞑ</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꞑ">ꞑ</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ~ɴ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="О">О</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="О">о</a></td> <td>о (o)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠕</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">و</a></td> <td>O o</td> <td>O o</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o~ɔ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">Ө</a> <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">ө</a></td> <td>ө (ö)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠌</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ۅ">ۅ</a></td> <td>Ö ö</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C6%9F" title="Ɵ">Ɵ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%9F" title="Ɵ">ɵ</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɵ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">П</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">п</a></td> <td>пе (pe)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) U+280F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠏</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="پ">پ</a></td> <td>P p</td> <td>P p</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Р">Р</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Р">р</a></td> <td>эр (er)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠗</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ر">ر</a></td> <td>R r</td> <td>R r</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r~ɾ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">С</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">с</a></td> <td>эс (es)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) U+280E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="س">س</a></td> <td>S s</td> <td>S s</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">Т</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">т</a></td> <td>те (te)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠞</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="ت">ت</a></td> <td>T t</td> <td>T t</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">У</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">у</a></td> <td>у (u)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠥ (braille pattern dots-136) U+2825" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠥</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ۇ">ۇ</a></td> <td>U u</td> <td>U u</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u~ʊ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">Ү</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">ү</a></td> <td>ү (ü)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠧</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ۉ">ۉ</a></td> <td>Ü ü</td> <td>Y y</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/y~ʏ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">Ф</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">ф</a></td> <td>эф (ef)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ف">ف</a></td> <td>F f</td> <td>F f</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɸ~f/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Х">Х</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Х">х</a></td> <td>ха (ha)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠓</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ح">ح</a></td> <td>Kh kh</td> <td>H h</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/χ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ц">Ц</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ц">ц</a></td> <td>це (ce)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠉</span></td> <td>(ت+س (تس</td> <td>C c</td> <td>Ts ts</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t͡s/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч">Ч</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч">ч</a></td> <td>че (che)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345) U+281F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠟</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DA%86" class="mw-redirect" title="چ">چ</a></td> <td>Ch ch</td> <td>Ç ç</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t͡ɕ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">Ш</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">ш</a></td> <td>ша (sha)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠱</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ش">ش</a></td> <td>Ş ş</td> <td>Ş ş</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɕ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Щ">Щ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Щ">щ</a></td> <td>ща (shcha)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346) U+282D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠭</span></td> <td>-</td> <td>Shch shch</td> <td>ŞÇ şç</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɕː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ъ">Ъ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ъ">ъ</a></td> <td>ажыратуу белгиси (ajyratuu belgisi)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356) U+2837" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠷</span></td> <td>-</td> <td>”</td> <td>-</td> <td>*<sup id="cite_ref-no_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-no-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">Ы</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">ы</a></td> <td>ы (y)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠮</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ى">ى</a></td> <td>Y y</td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_with_bowl" title="I with bowl">Ь</a> <a href="/wiki/I_with_bowl" title="I with bowl">ь</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɯ~ɤ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ь">Ь</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ь">ь</a></td> <td>ичкертүү белгиси (ichkertüü belgisi)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) U+283E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠾</span></td> <td>-</td> <td>’</td> <td>-</td> <td>*<sup id="cite_ref-no_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-no-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Э">Э</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Э">э</a></td> <td>э (e)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠪</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%95" class="mw-redirect" title="ە">ە</a></td> <td>E e</td> <td>E e</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">Ю</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">ю</a></td> <td>ю (yu)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256) U+2833" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠳</span></td> <td>ي+ۇ(يۇ)</td> <td>Yu yu</td> <td>Ju ju</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ju~jʊ,<span class="wrap"> </span>jy~jʏ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Я">Я</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Я">я</a></td> <td>я (ya)</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) U+282B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠫</span></td> <td>ي+ا(يا)</td> <td>Ya ya</td> <td>Ja ja</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/jɑ~ja/</span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>К к and Г г correspond respectively with <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ق</span></span> and <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ع</span></span> in back-vowel words; and in front-vowel words with <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ك</span></span> and <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">گ</span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text_sample">Text sample</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_alphabets&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Text sample"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>Бардык адамдар өз беделинде жана укуктарында эркин жана тең укуктуу болуп жаралат. Алардын аң-сезими менен абийири бар жана бири-бирине бир туугандык мамиле кылууга тийиш. </td> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:90%;line-height:1.35;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">باردىق ادامدار ۅز بەدەلىندە جانا ۇقۇقتارىندا ەركىن جانا تەڭ ۇقۇقتۇۇ بولۇپ جارالات. الاردىن اڭ-سەزىمى مەنەن ابئيىرى بار جانا بئری-بئرىنە بئر تۇۇعاندىق مامئلە قىلۇۇعا تئيىش.</span>‎</span> </td> <td>Bardyk adamdar öz bedelinde jana ukuktarynda erkin jana teng ukuktuu bolup jaralat. Alardyn ang-sezimi menen abiiri bar jana biri-birine bir tuugandyk mamile kyluuga tiish. </td> <td>Bardeⱪ adamdar ɵz bêdêlindê jana uⱪuⱪtarenda êrkin jana têng uⱪuⱪtuu bolup jaralat. Alarden ang-sêzimi mênên abiyiri bar jana biri-birinê bir tuuƣandeⱪ mamilê ⱪeluuƣa tiyix. </td> <td>[pɑɾtɯ́χ ɑtɑmtɑ́ɾ ɵ́s petelɪnté t͡ɕɑnɑ́ ʊχʊ̥χtʰɑɾɯntɑ́ eɾkʰɪ́n t͡ɕɑnɑ́ tʰéŋ ʊχʊ̥χtʰúː poɫʊ́p t͡ɕɑɾɑɫɑ́t ‖ ɑɫɑɾtɯ́n ɑ́ŋ‿sezɪmɪ́ menén ɑβɪjɪɾɪ́ pɑɾ t͡ɕɑnɑ́ pɪɾɪ́‿βɪɾɪné pɪ́ɾ tʰuːʁɑntɯ́χ mamɪlé qɯɫuːʁɑ́ tʰɪjɪ́ɕ ‖] </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Turkic Alphabet">Common Turkic Alphabet</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Turkic alphabet">Old Turkic alphabet</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian alphabet</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1alif" title="Yañalif">Old Latin alphabet</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Translation" title="Translation">translation</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>Bardık adamdar öz bedelinde jana ukuktarında erkin jana teñ ukuktuu bolup jaralat. Alardın añ-sezimi menen abiyiri bar jana biri-birine bir tuugandık mamile kıluuga tiyiş. </td> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:90%;line-height:1.35;">𐰉𐰀𐰺𐰒𐰃𐰶 𐰀𐰒𐰀𐰢𐰒𐰀𐰺 𐰇𐰕 𐰋𐰅𐰓𐰅𐰠𐰄𐰧𐰅 𐰳𐰀𐰣𐰀 𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰸𐱄𐰀𐰺𐰃𐰧𐰀 𐰅𐰼𐰚𐰄𐰤 𐰳𐰀𐰣𐰀 𐱅𐰅𐰭 𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰸𐱇𐰆𐰆 𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰯 𐰳𐰀𐰺𐰀𐰞𐰀𐱄٠ 𐰀𐰞𐰀𐰺𐰒𐰃𐰣 𐰀𐰭־𐰾𐰅𐰕𐰄𐰢𐰄 𐰢𐰅𐰤𐰅𐰤 𐰀𐰋𐰄𐰘𐰄𐰼𐰄 𐰉𐰀𐰺 𐰳𐰀𐰣𐰀 𐰋𐰄𐰼𐰄־𐰋𐰄𐰼𐰄𐰤𐰅 𐰋𐰄𐰼 𐱇𐰆𐰆𐰍𐰀𐰧𐰃𐰶 𐰢𐰀𐰢𐰄𐰠𐰅 𐰶𐰃𐰞𐰆𐰆𐰍𐰀 𐱅𐰄𐰘𐰄𐱁٠</span> </td> <td>ᠪᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠍ ᠤᠺ ᠠᠳᠮᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠥᠽ ᠪᠧᠳᠧᠯᠢᠨᠳᠧ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠤᠺᠦᠶᠢᠺᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠺᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠧᠨ ᠤᠺᠦᠶᠢᠺᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠫ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ᠃ ᠠᠯᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠍ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠰᠧᠽᠢᠮᠢ ᠮᠧᠨᠧᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠦᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠢᠷᠢᠨᠧ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠲᠤᠤᠭᠠᠨᠳ ᠤᠺ ᠮᠠᠮᠢᠯᠧ ᠺ ᠤᠯᠤᠤᠭᠠ ᠲ ᠦᠡᠰᠢ᠃ </td> <td>Bardьq adamdar ɵz ʙedelinde çana uquqtarьnda erkin çana teꞑ uquqtuu ʙolup çaralat. Alardьn aꞑ-sezimi menen aʙijiri ʙar çana ʙiri-ʙirine ʙir tuuƣandьq mamile qьluuƣa tijiş. </td> <td>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arabic">Arabic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_alphabets&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arabic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The table below illustrates the letter order for Kyrgyz as the letter order differs based on whether it's being written in Arabic, Cyrillic or Latin. </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">Transliteration</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">Letter name </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">Isolated </th> <th rowspan="2">Final </th> <th rowspan="2">Medial </th> <th rowspan="2">Initial </th></tr> <tr> <th>Cyrillic </th> <th>Latin </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>А а </td> <td>A a </td> <td>Алиф </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ا</span>‎</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺎ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ا</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Б б </td> <td>B b </td> <td>Бе </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[b]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺏ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺐ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺒ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺑ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>П п </td> <td>P p </td> <td>Пе </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">پ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﭗ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﭙ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﭙ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Т т </td> <td>T t </td> <td>Те </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺕ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺖ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺘ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺗ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ж ж </td> <td>J j </td> <td>Жим </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dʑ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺝ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺞ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺠ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺟ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ч ч </td> <td>Ch ch </td> <td>Чим </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t͡ɕ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﭺ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﭻ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﭽ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﭼ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Х х </td> <td>H h </td> <td>Хе </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[χ~q]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺡ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺢ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺤ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺣ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Д д </td> <td>D d </td> <td>Дал </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺩ</span>‎</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺪ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺩ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Р р </td> <td>R r </td> <td>Ре </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[r~ɾ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺭ</span>‎</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺮ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺭ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>З з </td> <td>Z z </td> <td>Зайн </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[z]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺯ</span>‎</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺰ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺯ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>С с </td> <td>S s </td> <td>Син </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺱ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺲ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺴ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺳ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ш ш </td> <td>Sh sh </td> <td>Шин </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɕ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺵ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺶ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺸ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﺷ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Г г </td> <td>G g </td> <td>Гайн </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɢ~ʁ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻉ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻊ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻌ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻋ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ф ф </td> <td>F f </td> <td>Фе </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɸ~f]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻑ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻒ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻔ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻓ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>К к </td> <td>K k </td> <td>Каф </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻕ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻖ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻘ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻗ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>К к </td> <td>K k </td> <td>Kе </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ك</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـك</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـكـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">كـ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Г г </td> <td>G g </td> <td>Ге </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">گ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﮓ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﮕ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﮔ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ң ң </td> <td>Ng ng </td> <td>Эң </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ~ɴ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڭ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڭ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـڭـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڭـ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Л л </td> <td>L l </td> <td>Лам </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l~ɫ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻝ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻞ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻠ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻟ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>М м </td> <td>M m </td> <td>Mим </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[m]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻡ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻢ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻤ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻣ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Н н </td> <td>N n </td> <td>Нун </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻥ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻦ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻨ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻧ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>О о </td> <td>O o </td> <td>O o </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o~ɔ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">و</span>‎</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻮ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">و</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ө ө </td> <td>Ö ö </td> <td>Ө ө </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɵ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ۅ</span>‎</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـۅ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ۅ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>У у </td> <td>U u </td> <td>У у </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u~ʊ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﯗ</span>‎</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـﯗ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﯗ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ү ү </td> <td>Ü ü </td> <td>Ү ү </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[y~ʏ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ۉ</span>‎</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـۉ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ۉ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>В в </td> <td>W w </td> <td>Ве </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v~w]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﯞ</span>‎</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـﯞ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﯞ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Э э </td> <td>E e </td> <td>Э э </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ە</span>‎</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻪ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ە</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ы ы </td> <td>Y y </td> <td>Ы ы </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɯ~ɤ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻯ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻯ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـىـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ىـ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>И и </td> <td>I i </td> <td>И и </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i~ɪ]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ئ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ئ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـئـ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ئـ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Й й </td> <td>I i </td> <td>Эй эй </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j]</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ي</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ي</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻴ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ﻳ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td> </td> <td><span title="Semitic languages romanization"><i lang="sem-Latn">-</i></span> </td> <td>Кыбачы </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ء</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;"></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In earlier versions of the alphabet, the sequence <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ي</span>‎ (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ییی</span>‎) was used to represent ы/и; the sequence <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ې</span>‎ (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ېېې</span>‎) was instead used to represent й. This modification was likely undone because of the historic role of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ې</span>‎ representing <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span>. Although <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ې</span>‎ was never a part of standardized <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a> orthography, it possibly had precedent as a scribal variation of representing <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span> and its modern-day role in <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a> is also representing <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span>. For this reason Kasym Tynystanov likely erred on the side of caution and settled on the modern scheme shown above.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_alphabets&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Kyrgyz" title="Romanization of Kyrgyz">Romanization of Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh alphabets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_alphabets" title="Uyghur alphabets">Uyghur alphabets</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_alphabets&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>: <span lang="ky">Кыргыз алфавити</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Kyrgyz" title="Romanization of Kyrgyz">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Kyrgyz-language romanization"><i lang="ky-Latn">Kyrgyz alfaviti</i></span>, <span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky-Arab" dir="rtl">قىرعىز الفاۋئتى</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1alif" title="Yañalif">Yañalif</a>: <i>Qьrƣьz alfaviti</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ky-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">[qɯrˈɢɯz<span class="wrap"> </span>ɐɫfɐˈvʲitɪ]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_alphabets&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMinglang_Zhou2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Minglang Zhou (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=joE5ZASNCGYC&pg=PA149"><i>Multilingualism in China: the politics of writing reforms for minority languages, 1949–2002</i></a>. Vol. 89 of Contributions to the sociology of language (illustrated ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-017896-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-017896-6"><bdi>3-11-017896-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multilingualism+in+China%3A+the+politics+of+writing+reforms+for+minority+languages%2C+1949%E2%80%932002&rft.pages=149&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3-11-017896-6&rft.au=Minglang+Zhou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjoE5ZASNCGYC%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+alphabets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knab-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-knab_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-knab_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblky.pdf">"Kirghiz romanization"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Institute of the Estonian Language. 2012-09-25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150128111712/http://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblky.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2015-01-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kirghiz+romanization&rft.pub=Institute+of+the+Estonian+Language&rft.date=2012-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eki.ee%2Fknab%2Flat%2Fkblky.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+alphabets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sumarokova-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sumarokova_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sumarokova_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO.L._Sumarokova2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">O.L. Sumarokova (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://krsu.edu.kg/images/news/files/istoriko_document_vistavka.pdf">"Кыргызский алфавит: долгий путь к кириллице"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz-Russian_Slavic_University" title="Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University">Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University</a>. pp. 59–73, 77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%3A+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BA+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5&rft.pages=59-73%2C+77&rft.pub=Kyrgyz-Russian+Slavic+University&rft.date=2021&rft.au=O.L.+Sumarokova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkrsu.edu.kg%2Fimages%2Fnews%2Ffiles%2Fistoriko_document_vistavka.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+alphabets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/9766/Artykul/3045047,Kyrgyzstan-to-adopt-Latin-alphabet-in-blow-to-%E2%80%98Russian-order%E2%80%99-report">"Kyrgyzstan to adopt Latin alphabet, in blow to 'Russian order'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 29 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kyrgyzstan+to+adopt+Latin+alphabet%2C+in+blow+to+%27Russian+order%27&rft.date=2022-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polskieradio.pl%2F395%2F9766%2FArtykul%2F3045047%2CKyrgyzstan-to-adopt-Latin-alphabet-in-blow-to-%25E2%2580%2598Russian-order%25E2%2580%2599-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+alphabets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-kyrgyzstan-dairy-products-banned-cyrillic-latin/32373802.html">Russia Suspends Dairy Products From Kyrgyzstan After Calls In Bishkek To Drop Cyrillic Script</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a>, 21 April 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/kirghiz.htm">"Kyrgyz alphabet, language and pronunciation"</a>. <i>omniglot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Kyrgyz+alphabet%2C+language+and+pronunciation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fkirghiz.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+alphabets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSSearch/GNSDocs/romanization/ROMANIZATION_OF_KYRGYZ.pdf">Romanization of Kyrgyz</a>, United States Board on Geographic Names, October 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qyrgyz.com/kyrgyzskaya-latinitsa">Кыргызская латиница (Kyrgyz Latin Alphabet)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-no-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-no_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-no_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">no phonemic value; only found in borrowings</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Адам_укуктарынын_жалпы_декларациясы">Kyrgyz edition of Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_alphabets&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qyrgyz.com/">Kyrgyz Cyrillic–Latin–Arabic–Orkhon converter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translit.kerben.org/">Kyrgyz – Latin converter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513025147/http://kyrgyz.lugovsa.net/script.htm">Грамматический справочник – Письменность</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ibtrussia.org/en/text?m=KYROHA&l=Gen.1.1.1&g=20">Translation of the Bible into Kyrgyz using the Arabic script</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://songs.worshipleaderapp.com/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%89-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%B2%D8%8C-%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%86%D9%89%D9%86-%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%89%DA%AD-%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%82-i17140#songinfo?song_id=16568&set_id=">Various Christian-themed hymns written in Kyrgyz, both Cyrillic and Arabic scripts</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aljamiado" title="Aljamiado">Aljamiado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avar_language#Writing_systems" title="Avar language">Avar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Arabic_alphabet" title="Belarusian Arabic alphabet">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language#Alphabets" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a></li> <li>Circassian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language#Other_writing_systems" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language#Orthography" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_alphabet" title="Crimean Tatar alphabet">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar_alphabet" title="Dobrujan Tatar alphabet">Dobrujan Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Aljamiado" title="Greek Aljamiado">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lak_language#Writing_Comparison_Table" title="Lak language">Lak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arebica" title="Arebica">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li>Tatar (<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ske_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="İske imlâ alphabet">İske imlâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1a_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="Yaña imlâ alphabet">Yaña imlâ</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_Standard_Alphabet" title="Balochi Standard Alphabet">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_Wolio" title="Buri Wolio">Buri Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski#Writing_system" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Jawi" title="Cham Jawi">Cham Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language#Writing_system" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_alphabet" title="Khowar alphabet">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets" title="Kurdish alphabets">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabi_Malayalam_script" title="Arabi Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari (Rajasthani)</a></li> <li>Pamir (<a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet" title="Rohingya Arabic Alphabet">Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_alphabet" title="Saraiki alphabet">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language#Writing_system" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a></li> <li>Shina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language#Orthography" title="Shina language">Gilgiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohistani_Shina#Alphabet" title="Kohistani Shina">Kohistani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Sulat Sug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwi" title="Arwi">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torwali_language#Alphabet" title="Torwali language">Torwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_alphabet" title="Turkmen alphabet">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_alphabet" title="Uzbek alphabet">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Afrikaans" title="Arabic Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Arabic_alphabet" title="Berber Arabic alphabet">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian language">Comorain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_alphabets" title="Fula alphabets">Fula Ajami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Adamawa Fulfulde">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagirmi_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Bagirmi Fulfulde">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Fulfulde" title="Nigerian Fulfulde">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pular_language#Writing" title="Pular language">Fuuta Jalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaar_language#Orthography" title="Pulaar language">Fuuta Tooro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasina_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Maasina Fulfulde">Maasina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushi_language" title="Bushi language">Kibushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_Ajami" title="Hausa Ajami">Hausa Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanembu_language" title="Kanembu language">Kanembu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maba_language" title="Maba language">Maba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_language#Writing_system" title="Serer language">Serer Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maore_dialect" title="Maore dialect">Shimaore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humburi_Senni_language" title="Humburi Senni language">Humburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyra_Chiini_language" title="Koyra Chiini language">Koyra Chiini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyraboro_Senni" title="Koyraboro Senni">Koyraboro Senni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorabe_alphabet" title="Sorabe alphabet">Sorabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tamajeq_language" title="Air Tamajeq language">Air Tamajeq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawellemmet_language" title="Tawellemmet language">Tawellemmet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_Ajami" title="Swahili Ajami">Swahili Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadaad%27s_writing" title="Wadaad's writing">Wadaad's</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolofal_alphabet" title="Wolofal alphabet">Wolof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjemi" title="Anjemi">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span 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