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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工作原理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工作原理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>工作原理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工作原理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>應用</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-應用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关應用子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-數位技術" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#數位技術"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>數位技術</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-數位技術-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-彩色影印機" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#彩色影印機"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>彩色影印機</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-彩色影印機-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法律問題" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法律問題"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>法律問題</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法律問題-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法定身份识别" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法定身份识别"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>法定身份识别</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法定身份识别-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">复印机</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。58种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A9_%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ناسخة ضوئية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناسخة ضوئية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Күсермә яһау аппараты – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Күсермә яһау аппараты" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Копирна машина – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Копирна машина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95" title="আলোক চিত্রানুলিপিকারক – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলোক চিত্রানুলিপিকারক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc%27heilerez" title="Luc'heilerez – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Luc'heilerez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotocopiadora" title="Fotocopiadora – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fotocopiadora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="ئامێری لەبەرگرتنەوە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئامێری لەبەرگرتنەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotokop%C3%ADrka" title="Fotokopírka – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fotokopírka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopimaskine" title="Kopimaskine – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kopimaskine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Φωτοτυπικό μηχάνημα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φωτοτυπικό μηχάνημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocopier" title="Photocopier – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Photocopier" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotokopiado" title="Fotokopiado – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fotokopiado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotocopiadora" title="Fotocopiadora – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fotocopiadora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotokopiagailu" title="Fotokopiagailu – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fotokopiagailu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="دستگاه فتوکپی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستگاه فتوکپی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valokopiointi" title="Valokopiointi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valokopiointi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocopieur" title="Photocopieur – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Photocopieur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotocopiadora" title="Fotocopiadora – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fotocopiadora" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D" title="מכונת צילום – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכונת צילום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotokopiranje" title="Fotokopiranje – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fotokopiranje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotokopi" title="Fotokopi – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fotokopi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Պատճենահան ապարատ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատճենահան ապարատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_fotokopi" title="Mesin fotokopi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mesin fotokopi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arri%E1%B8%B7iun" title="Arriḷiun – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Arriḷiun" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3sritunarv%C3%A9l" title="Ljósritunarvél – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ljósritunarvél" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotocopiatrice" title="Fotocopiatrice – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fotocopiatrice" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%86%99%E6%A9%9F" title="複写機 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="複写機" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Еселегіш құрылғы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Еселегіш құрылғы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC%EA%B8%B0" title="복사기 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="복사기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopijavimo_aparatas" title="Kopijavimo aparatas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kopijavimo aparatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Фотокопирање – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фотокопирање" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="കോപിയർ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോപിയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Хувилуур – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хувилуур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_fotokopi" title="Mesin fotokopi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mesin fotokopi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="မိတ္တူကူးစက် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိတ္တူကူးစက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="زیراکس – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زیراکس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotokopi%C3%ABren" title="Fotokopiëren – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fotokopiëren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopimaskin" title="Kopimaskin – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kopimaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopimaskin" title="Kopimaskin – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kopimaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotocopiadera" title="Fotocopiadera – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fotocopiadera" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserokopiarka" title="Kserokopiarka – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kserokopiarka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotocopiadora" title="Fotocopiadora – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fotocopiadora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotocopiator" title="Fotocopiator – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fotocopiator" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Копировальный аппарат – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Копировальный аппарат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocopier" title="Photocopier – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Photocopier" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Фотокопирање – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фотокопирање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopiator" title="Kopiator – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kopiator" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80" title="ఫోటో కాపీ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫోటో కాపీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="เครื่องถ่ายเอกสาร – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องถ่ายเอกสาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocopier" title="Photocopier – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Photocopier" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotokopi" title="Fotokopi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fotokopi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%87%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%89%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%DB%87" title="نۇسخىئالغۇ – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نۇسخىئالغۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Копіювальний апарат – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Копіювальний апарат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_photocopy" title="Máy photocopy – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy photocopy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotocopiaedje" title="Fotocopiaedje – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fotocopiaedje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocopier" title="Photocopier – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Photocopier" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="复印机 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="复印机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E5%8D%B0%E6%A9%9F" title="影印機 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="影印機" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185369#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" 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.ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small 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href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-7cdb48a8" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:复印机; zh-hant:影印機"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:复印; zh-hant:複印"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:施乐; zh-hant:全錄"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:数码; zh-hant:數位"></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DFC_100.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/DFC_100.JPG/240px-DFC_100.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/DFC_100.JPG/360px-DFC_100.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/DFC_100.JPG/480px-DFC_100.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Develop_330.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Develop_330.JPG/230px-Develop_330.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Develop_330.JPG/345px-Develop_330.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Develop_330.JPG/460px-Develop_330.JPG 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption>攜帶式影印機</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ineo%2B_650.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ineo%2B_650.jpg/230px-Ineo%2B_650.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ineo%2B_650.jpg/345px-Ineo%2B_650.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ineo%2B_650.jpg/460px-Ineo%2B_650.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>電腦化<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="複合機">多功能複合機</a>，彩色影印之外還兼具<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%9C%9F" title="傳真">傳真</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="無線網路">無線網路</a>印表機功能</figcaption></figure> <p><b>影印機</b>是一種可將<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="文件">文件</a>及影像快捷及廉宜地複印到<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="紙">紙</a>上的儀器，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%8C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="全錄">全錄</a>在1960年代開發<sup id="cite_ref-story-of-xerography_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-of-xerography-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在隨後的20年間逐漸取代<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="碳纸">碳紙</a>複印技術、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E5%8D%B0" title="油印">油印</a>及其他複印機。<mark class="noprint template-facttext" title="可能为原创研究">它的普及應用，是令在<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="數位革命">數位革命</a>初期曾被倡議的<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B4%99%E8%BE%A6%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="無紙辦公">無紙辦公室</a>仍無法實現的原因之一。</mark><sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究"><span title="原创研究验证请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[原創研究？]</span></span></a></sup> </p><p>影印機在商業、教育及政府機構中皆被廣泛應用。不少人曾經估計，在越來越多人以數位技術製作文件內容下，影印機會逐漸式微，亦會減少依賴紙張作傳遞文件之用，但毫無疑問影印機在複製文件這種簡單工作上，確實比電腦更方便。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1780年代，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%98%8E%E7%BF%B0" title="伯明翰">伯明翰</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9" title="詹姆斯·瓦特">詹姆斯·瓦特</a>發明了文字複製機（letter copying machine），是今日數位影印機的前身。 </p><p>影印機的發明人<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="切斯特·卡尔森" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chester Carlson"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切斯特·卡尔森（页面不存在）">切斯特·卡尔森</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_Carlson" class="extiw" title="en:Chester Carlson"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chester Carlson</span></a></span>）</span></span>，原本是一位<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="專利">專利</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="律師">律師</a>，兼職研究員及發明家。他在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約">紐約</a>專利辦公室的工作需要複製大量重要文件。卡尔森患有關節炎，視複製文件為痛苦及單調的工作。這鼓勵了他進行有關影像傳導的實驗，並估計可最簡單地製作複印本。卡尔森在家中廚房進行電子影像實驗，1938年為過程技術申請專利。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>他使用以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E7%A3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="硫磺">硫磺</a>掩蓋的<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%85" class="mw-redirect" title="鋅">鋅</a>片製作出首份影印。 </p><p>他使用一個覆有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E7%A3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="硫磺">硫磺</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">鋅</a>板製造了第一個“影印机”。文字“10-22-38 Astoria”印在一個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="显微（页面不存在）">顯微</a>幻燈片上，這個幻換片放在硫磺上進行强光照射。幻燈片拿走後，那些文字的鏡像就留在了硫磺上。卡尔森打算將他的發明出售给一些公司，但是由於這個處理過程還不成熟沒能取得成效。在那個時代，大量的複製工作使用炭纸或者複製機完成，人們對於電子影印機没有強烈的需求。在1939年到1944年間，卡尔森被包括<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="通用電氣">通用電氣</a>在内的20多個公司拒绝，没有一家認為影印機會有大量的市場需求。 </p><p>1944年，一个位于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E" title="俄亥俄州">俄亥俄州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83_(%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E)" title="哥伦布 (俄亥俄州)">哥倫布</a>的非盈利组织Battelle Memorial Institute与卡尔森签订合約完善他的新工艺。在随后的五年时间里，这个机构进行了许多试验以改进电子照相工艺。在1947年<a href="/w/index.php?title=Haloid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haloid（页面不存在）">Haloid</a>（一个位于纽约的在当时制造销售相纸的小型组织）接洽Battelle以获得授权来开发销售基于这项技术的影印机<sup id="cite_ref-story-of-xerography_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-of-xerography-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>Haloid意識到“電子照相”這個詞過於複雜並且没有很好的記憶性。在咨询過<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="俄亥俄州立大学">俄亥俄州立大学</a>一位經典語言教授之後，Haloid和卡尔森將這個過程的名字更改為“<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E7%94%B5%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="静电印刷">xerography</a>”，它由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="希腊语">希臘語</a>中的“乾寫”一詞派生而来。Haloid決定將新的影印機稱為“全錄”，在1948年全錄成為商標。 </p><p>在二十世纪五十年代早期，RCA（美国无线电公司）开发了一系列的称为<a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrofax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrofax（页面不存在）">Electrofax</a>的工艺，使用这种工艺图像直接在特殊的有覆层的纸上生成，使用液体的墨粉进行着色。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="工作原理"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E4.BD.9C.E5.8E.9F.E7.90.86"></span>工作原理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：工作原理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xerographic_photocopy_process_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Xerographic_photocopy_process_en.svg/230px-Xerographic_photocopy_process_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="446" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Xerographic_photocopy_process_en.svg/345px-Xerographic_photocopy_process_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Xerographic_photocopy_process_en.svg/460px-Xerographic_photocopy_process_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1550" /></a><figcaption>影印機原理</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E7%94%B5%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="静电印刷">静电印刷</a></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%85%E9%9B%BB" title="充電">充電</a>：一條高壓導線把圓柱形影印鼓表面上充滿負性靜電電荷叫做電極絲（corona wire）或充電輥（charge roller）。影印鼓用光電導材料（例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒</a>）塗制成，當暴露在光照下時光導體會變成傳導體。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89" title="曝光">曝光</a>：曝光燈照射了原稿，把原稿的白色區域光線反射到影印鼓表面上，該區域被照射下（原稿的白色區域）變成導電，因此電荷接到地線排走，不被照射下（原稿的黑色區域）仍然帶負電荷，結果在影印鼓的表面上有一個潛伏性的影像。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%AF%E5%BD%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="顯影（页面不存在）">顯影</a>：碳粉是正電荷，當它應用到滾筒顯影，它被吸引而且附著於負電荷（黑色區域），正如紙用靜電附著於一個供玩耍的氣球上。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E5%8D%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉印（页面不存在）">轉印</a>：因比一個影印鼓較高的負電荷，在影印鼓的表面上產生的碳粉影像轉印到紙上。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E5%BD%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定影（页面不存在）">定影</a>：由高溫高壓滾軸，把碳粉熔化並黏貼文件上。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81" title="清洁">清潔</a>：用清潔刀片把影印鼓碳粉清走。</li></ol> <p>這一個例子，影印鼓和紙是帶負電荷，碳粉是帶正電荷。一些影印機相反，一個帶正電荷影印鼓和紙，並帶負電荷的碳粉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用"><span id=".E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1949年，全錄公司開發了第一個稱為型號A的静電圖像影印機。全錄公司取得了如此大的成功以至於影印技術被大眾稱為“Xeroxing”，全錄公司積極應對以防止“xerox”成为一个<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%95%86%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="通用商标">通用商标</a>。“Xerox”在一些字典中作為影印的同義詞出现，這個致全錄公司發出信函和广告要求他们更改这些条目，并且要求人们不要这样使用“Xerox”。但是，仅仅在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="北美">北美</a>地区出现了这种情况。例如，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="不列颠群岛">不列颠群岛</a>“photocopying”远比“Xeroxing”使用更为普遍，这或许是由于在影印技术开始流行之后来自<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>制造商的影印机数量远远超过施乐公司的产品。在一些语言中使用混合词汇，如在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语">波兰语</a>中广泛地使用<i>kserokopia</i>（“xerocopy”），尽管施乐公司商标的影印机所占市场份额很小。 </p><p>随着技术进步诞生了静电影印技术，首先在硒鼓上生成一个高对比度的静电影像，然后一种可熔化的塑膠粉末（称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E7%B2%89" title="墨粉">墨粉</a>）转送到普通纸上，经过加热熔化到纸张上，这个过程类似于<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="激光打印机">激光打印机</a>中使用的技术。技术进步带来了彩色影印和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%99%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%8D%B0%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="静电影印艺术（页面不存在）">静电影印艺术</a>在1970年代和1980年代的发展。 </p><p>一些市面上作为影印机销售的产品使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%B7%E5%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喷墨（页面不存在）">喷墨</a>或者胶片转印技术取代了基于硒鼓的工作过程。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharp_MX-M700N_controls.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="控制面板"><img alt="控制面板" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sharp_MX-M700N_controls.JPG/120px-Sharp_MX-M700N_controls.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sharp_MX-M700N_controls.JPG/180px-Sharp_MX-M700N_controls.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sharp_MX-M700N_controls.JPG/240px-Sharp_MX-M700N_controls.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">控制面板</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharp_MX-M700N_feeder_tray.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="多張自動進件槽"><img alt="多張自動進件槽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Sharp_MX-M700N_feeder_tray.JPG/120px-Sharp_MX-M700N_feeder_tray.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Sharp_MX-M700N_feeder_tray.JPG/180px-Sharp_MX-M700N_feeder_tray.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Sharp_MX-M700N_feeder_tray.JPG/240px-Sharp_MX-M700N_feeder_tray.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">多張自動進件槽</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharp_MX-M700N_8.5_x_11_tray.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="雙槽式紙夾"><img alt="雙槽式紙夾" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sharp_MX-M700N_8.5_x_11_tray.JPG/120px-Sharp_MX-M700N_8.5_x_11_tray.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sharp_MX-M700N_8.5_x_11_tray.JPG/180px-Sharp_MX-M700N_8.5_x_11_tray.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sharp_MX-M700N_8.5_x_11_tray.JPG/240px-Sharp_MX-M700N_8.5_x_11_tray.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">雙槽式紙夾</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharp_MX-M700N_11_x_17_tray.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="單槽式紙夾"><img alt="單槽式紙夾" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sharp_MX-M700N_11_x_17_tray.JPG/120px-Sharp_MX-M700N_11_x_17_tray.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sharp_MX-M700N_11_x_17_tray.JPG/180px-Sharp_MX-M700N_11_x_17_tray.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sharp_MX-M700N_11_x_17_tray.JPG/240px-Sharp_MX-M700N_11_x_17_tray.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">單槽式紙夾</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharp_MX-M700N_glass.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="掃描台"><img alt="掃描台" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sharp_MX-M700N_glass.JPG/120px-Sharp_MX-M700N_glass.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sharp_MX-M700N_glass.JPG/180px-Sharp_MX-M700N_glass.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sharp_MX-M700N_glass.JPG/240px-Sharp_MX-M700N_glass.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">掃描台</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Copier.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="主要構成元件"><img alt="主要構成元件" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Copier.JPG/90px-Copier.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Copier.JPG/135px-Copier.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Copier.JPG/180px-Copier.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">主要構成元件</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_way_a_photocopier_works.png" class="mw-file-description" title="滾筒頭和雷射元件"><img alt="滾筒頭和雷射元件" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/The_way_a_photocopier_works.png/120px-The_way_a_photocopier_works.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/The_way_a_photocopier_works.png/180px-The_way_a_photocopier_works.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/The_way_a_photocopier_works.png/240px-The_way_a_photocopier_works.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="446" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">滾筒頭和雷射元件</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="數位技術"><span id=".E6.95.B8.E4.BD.8D.E6.8A.80.E8.A1.93"></span>數位技術</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：數位技術"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="多功能打印机">多功能打印机</a></div> <p>近年来，高階影印机采用了<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="数码">数码</a>技术有效地将<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AB%E6%8F%8F%E4%BB%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="扫描仪">扫描仪</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="激光打印机">激光打印机</a>组合成影印机。这种设计有几个优点，如图像品质自动增强、“组建任务”的能力或者独立于列印过程的扫描页面图像。一些数位影印机能够作为高速扫描仪使用；一些型号能够通过电子邮件发送文档或者能够在區域网路中共用。 </p><p>一些低階的复印机也使用了<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="数码">数码</a>技术，但是它们通常是由连接到普通个人电脑的扫描仪加上一个喷墨打印机组成，而这两种设备的速度远远低于与之对应的高階影印机。但是，低階的扫描-喷墨打印组合能够提供一种比传统彩色影印机成本低得多的彩色影印能力。电子器件的成本如此之低以至于一些扫描仪-打印机组合带有一个内置的传真机。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="彩色影印機"><span id=".E5.BD.A9.E8.89.B2.E5.BD.B1.E5.8D.B0.E6.A9.9F"></span>彩色影印機</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：彩色影印機"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharp_MX-M700N.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sharp_MX-M700N.JPG/220px-Sharp_MX-M700N.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sharp_MX-M700N.JPG/330px-Sharp_MX-M700N.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sharp_MX-M700N.JPG/440px-Sharp_MX-M700N.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>夏普MX-M700N彩色影印機</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Print_and_copy_system_of_7-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Print_and_copy_system_of_7-11.jpg/220px-Print_and_copy_system_of_7-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Print_and_copy_system_of_7-11.jpg/330px-Print_and_copy_system_of_7-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Print_and_copy_system_of_7-11.jpg/440px-Print_and_copy_system_of_7-11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>便利商店的投幣式影印機</figcaption></figure> <p>彩色墨粉在1950年代出现，但是直到1968年<a href="/wiki/3M" class="mw-redirect" title="3M">3M</a>公司发布第一款<i>Color-in-Color</i>影印机时真彩影印机才开始商业化上市，这款影印机使用了一种<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%93%E6%96%99%E6%98%87%E8%8F%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="染料昇華（页面不存在）">染料昇華</a>工艺而不是通常的静电技术。第一款静电彩色影印机是<a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canon Inc.（页面不存在）">佳能公司</a>在1973年发布的。 </p><p>彩色影印机由于使<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E9%92%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="伪钞">伪钞</a>的制造变得容易而成为各国<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政府</a>担忧的对象。一些国家在钞票中采用了一些防伪造技术以使通过彩色影印机制造伪钞更加困难。这些技术包括水印、显微印刷、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E6%81%AF%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全息图像（页面不存在）">全息图像</a>、使用塑膠或其它材料制作的纤细安全条纹以及使钞票在不同倾斜角度能够显出不同颜色的墨水。一些影印机中带有特殊的軟體可辨識带有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E5%9C%88%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E9%98%B2%E4%BC%AA%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="圆圈星座防伪技术">圓圈星座防偽技術</a>（EURion constellation）等特殊防偽图案的钞票，以防止复制。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法律問題"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.BE.8B.E5.95.8F.E9.A1.8C"></span>法律問題</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：法律問題"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>影印有<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="版權">版權</a>的文件，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="書籍">書籍</a>或科學研究報告等，在大部份國家都受到法例的監管，但對部份人士尤其是學生來說可能已是一種風氣，因為為了僅僅數頁內容或一篇文章就購買一本書可能有點無謂，事實上<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8" title="合理使用">合理使用</a>（在美國）或<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%B9%B3%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="公平處理">公平處理</a>（在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="伯尔尼公约">伯爾尼公約</a>的國家）原則允許這種以研究目的的影印。 </p><p>在一些國家例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>，部分<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="大學">大學</a>的影印機及影印中心需為每張影印本向版權費收集者支付版權費，版權費收集者會將版權費分配給多間<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8" title="教科書">教科書</a>出版商。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>，大學課堂一般需要影印的文章，講義，繪圖或其他資料，講師或影印店需負責弄清楚版權問題，版權資訊通常在資料的前面列明。 </p><p>由於彩色影印的精細度提高，為避免影印機被用做<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E9%88%94" class="mw-redirect" title="偽鈔">偽鈔</a>印刷之用，影印機通常會偵測<a href="/wiki/EURion_constellation" class="mw-redirect" title="EURion constellation">EURion constellation</a>等方式以辨別。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法定身份识别"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.AE.9A.E8.BA.AB.E4.BB.BD.E8.AF.86.E5.88.AB"></span>法定身份识别</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：法定身份识别"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>类似于<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E5%AD%97%E6%9C%BA" title="打字机">打字机</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法定身份识别（页面不存在）">法定身份识别</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="打印机">打印机</a>和影印机也能够根据结果中的不完善性进行追踪。硒鼓和进纸机构的机械误差带来<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%A1%E5%B8%A6%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="条带现象（页面不存在）">条带现象</a>，其中包含着单个设备机械特性的訊息。通常能够根据这些确定制造商和品牌，但是在一些情况下通过比较一系列已知输出结果从可以追踪到单个的打印机。<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://news.uns.purdue.edu/UNS/html4ever/2004/041011.Delp.forensics.html">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110517065433/http://news.uns.purdue.edu/UNS/html4ever/2004/041011.Delp.forensics.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050609074529/http://dsc.discovery.com/news/briefs/20041011/printer.html">[2]</a> </p><p>2005年一些厂商展示了在打印结果上带有加密识别码的高品质彩色打印机和影印机，它们是非常细小幾乎肉眼无法识别的黄色小点；据报道这种技术已经在高階影印机中使用了几年了。消息来源指出<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E4%B9%90" title="施乐">施乐</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%B3%E8%83%BD" title="佳能">佳能</a>公司正在这样做。<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,118664,00.asp">[3]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130116185936/http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,118664,00.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id;1002274598">[4]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090121134548/http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id;1002274598">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）据报道美国政府已经要求这些公司实施这样的一个追踪机制以追踪<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E9%80%A0" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="偽造">伪造</a>行为。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="多功能打印机">多功能打印機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="印刷">印刷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="傳真機">傳真機</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-story-of-xerography-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-story-of-xerography_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-story-of-xerography_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125034707/https://www.xerox.com/downloads/usa/en/s/Storyofxerography.pdf">The Story of Xerography</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Xerox Corporation. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2017]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xerox.com/downloads/usa/en/s/Storyofxerography.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于25 January 2021）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Xerography&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Xerox+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xerox.com%2Fdownloads%2Fusa%2Fen%2Fs%2FStoryofxerography.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">陳炳聖. 《萬物簡史》. 源樺. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/986828421X" title="Special:网络书源/986828421X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 986828421X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E7%82%B3%E8%81%96&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%90%AC%E7%89%A9%E7%B0%A1%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=986828421X&rft.pub=%E6%BA%90%E6%A8%BA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>书籍</dt></dl> <ul><li>R. Schaffert: <i>Electrophotography</i>. Focal Press, 1975</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051022213922/http://tumb1.biblio.tu-muenchen.de/publ/diss/ei/2004/hoffmann_r.pdf">Detailed description and simulation of the electrophotographic print process</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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