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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Authorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_early_manuscripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_early_manuscripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Surviving early manuscripts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_early_manuscripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prologue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prologue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Prologue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prologue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Johannine_Comma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Johannine_Comma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Johannine Comma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Johannine_Comma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_verse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_verse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Final verse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_verse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"To_the_Parthians"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"To_the_Parthians""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>"To the Parthians"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"To_the_Parthians"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">First Epistle of John</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Johannes" title="1 Johannes – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1 Johannes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8C%80%E1%88%98%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%B1_%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%90%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%AB%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8B%A8%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%90%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5_%E1%88%98%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%AD%E1%89%B5" title="መጀመሪያይቱ የሐዋርያው የዮሐንስ መልእክት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መጀመሪያይቱ የሐዋርያው የዮሐንስ መልእክት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="رسالة يوحنا الأولى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رسالة يوحنا الأولى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%A9%DC%95%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%A2%DC%A2" title="ܐܓܪܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܕܝܘܚܢܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܓܪܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܕܝܘܚܢܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iok-h%C4%81n_It-su" title="Iok-hān It-su – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iok-hān It-su" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Першы ліст Яна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Першы ліст Яна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Першае пасланьне Яна Багаслова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Першае пасланьне Яна Багаслова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Първо съборно послание на свети апостол Иоана Богослова – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Първо съборно послание на свети апостол Иоана Богослова" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._Briaf_vom_Johannes" title="1. Briaf vom Johannes – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1. Briaf vom Johannes" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizher_kenta%C3%B1_Sant_Yann" title="Lizher kentañ Sant Yann – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizher kentañ Sant Yann" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_carta_de_Joan" title="Primera carta de Joan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Primera carta de Joan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_list_Jan%C5%AFv" title="První list Janův – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="První list Janův" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%27_F%C3%B8rste_Brev" title="Johannes' Første Brev – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johannes' Første Brev" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._Brief_des_Johannes" title="1. Brief des Johannes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1. Brief des Johannes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannese_esimene_kiri" title="Johannese esimene kiri – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Johannese esimene kiri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%84_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Α΄ Επιστολή Ιωάννη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Α΄ Επιστολή Ιωάννη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_ep%C3%ADstola_de_Juan" title="Primera epístola de Juan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primera epístola de Juan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-a_epistolo_de_Johano" title="1-a epistolo de Johano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1-a epistolo de Johano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanen_Lehen_Gutuna" title="Joanen Lehen Gutuna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joanen Lehen Gutuna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7" title="نامه یکم یوحنا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نامه یکم یوحنا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_%C3%A9p%C3%AEtre_de_Jean" title="Première épître de Jean – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Première épître de Jean" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earste_Brief_fan_Jehannes" title="Earste Brief fan Jehannes – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Earste Brief fan Jehannes" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letaris_di_Zuan" title="Letaris di Zuan – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Letaris di Zuan" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9ad_Litir_Naomh_Eoin" title="Céad Litir Naomh Eoin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Céad Litir Naomh Eoin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="जुांवाचें पयलें पत्र – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जुांवाचें पयलें पत्र" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yok-hon-yit-s%C3%BB" title="Yok-hon-yit-sû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yok-hon-yit-sû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%B2%AB%EC%A7%B8_%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%80" title="요한의 첫째 편지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요한의 첫째 편지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD_%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A9" title="Հովհաննես առաքյալի առաջին թուղթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հովհաննես առաքյալի առաջին թուղթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prva_Ivanova_poslanica" title="Prva Ivanova poslanica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prva Ivanova poslanica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Yohanes_yang_Pertama" title="Surat Yohanes yang Pertama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Surat Yohanes yang Pertama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Johane" title="1 Johane – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="1 Johane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_lettera_di_Giovanni" title="Prima lettera di Giovanni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prima lettera di Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="איגרת יוחנן הראשונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איגרת יוחנן הראשונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Yohanes" title="I Yohanes – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="I Yohanes" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9B._%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="ეპისტოლე წმ. მოციქულისა იოანესი (პირველი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეპისტოლე წმ. მოციქულისა იოანესი (პირველი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urwandiko_rwa_I_rwa_Yohana" title="Urwandiko rwa I rwa Yohana – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Urwandiko rwa I rwa Yohana" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waraka_wa_kwanza_wa_Yohane" title="Waraka wa kwanza wa Yohane – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waraka wa kwanza wa Yohane" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistula_I_Ioannis" title="Epistula I Ioannis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Epistula I Ioannis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81%C5%86a_1._v%C4%93stule" title="Jāņa 1. vēstule – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jāņa 1. vēstule" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmasis_Jono_lai%C5%A1kas" title="Pirmasis Jono laiškas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirmasis Jono laiškas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_letera_de%27l_Giuan" title="Prima letera de'l Giuan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Prima letera de'l Giuan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_els%C5%91_levele" title="János első levele – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="János első levele" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Прво послание на апостол Јован – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Прво послание на апостол Јован" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taratasy_voalohany_nosoratan%27_i_Joany" title="Taratasy voalohany nosoratan' i Joany – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Taratasy voalohany nosoratan' i Joany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="യോഹന്നാൻ എഴുതിയ ഒന്നാം ലേഖനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യോഹന്നാൻ എഴുതിയ ഒന്നാം ലേഖനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="رسالة يوحنا الاولى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رسالة يوحنا الاولى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3k-h%C3%A2ng,_%C3%89k_C%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Iók-hâng, Ék Cṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iók-hâng, Ék Cṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9F%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A9%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%99%E1%80%85%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ရှင်ယောဟန်ဩဝါဒစာပထမစောင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှင်ယောဟန်ဩဝါဒစာပထမစောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_brief_van_Johannes" title="Eerste brief van Johannes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eerste brief van Johannes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8D%E3%81%AE%E6%89%8B%E7%B4%99%E4%B8%80" title="ヨハネの手紙一 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨハネの手紙一" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%E2%80%99_f%C3%B8rste_brev" title="Johannes’ første brev – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johannes’ første brev" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._List_Jana" title="1. List Jana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1. List Jana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_Ep%C3%ADstola_de_Jo%C3%A3o" title="Primeira Epístola de João – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeira Epístola de João" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ent%C3%A2ia_epistol%C4%83_a_lui_Ioan" title="Întâia epistolă a lui Ioan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Întâia epistolă a lui Ioan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huwanpa_huk_%C3%B1iqin_qillqasqan" title="Huwanpa huk ñiqin qillqasqan – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Huwanpa huk ñiqin qillqasqan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Первое послание Иоанна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Первое послание Иоанна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_le_uluai_tusi_a_Ioane" title="O le uluai tusi a Ioane – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="O le uluai tusi a Ioane" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="First Epistle of John" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prv%C3%BD_J%C3%A1nov_list" title="Prvý Jánov list – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prvý Jánov list" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._Janezovo_pismo" title="1. Janezovo pismo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1. Janezovo pismo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Прва посланица Јованова – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прва посланица Јованова" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prva_Ivanova_poslanica" title="Prva Ivanova poslanica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prva Ivanova poslanica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensimm%C3%A4inen_Johanneksen_kirje" title="Ensimmäinen Johanneksen kirje – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ensimmäinen Johanneksen kirje" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rsta_Johannesbrevet" title="Första Johannesbrevet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Första Johannesbrevet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unang_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Unang Sulat ni Juan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unang Sulat ni Juan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="1 யோவான் (நூல்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1 யோவான் (நூல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="จดหมายของนักบุญยอห์น ฉบับที่ 1 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จดหมายของนักบุญยอห์น ฉบับที่ 1" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._Yuhanna" title="1. Yuhanna – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1. 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:New_Testament" title="Category:New Testament">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccccff;">Books of the<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/120px-P46.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/180px-P46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/240px-P46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="819" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Papyrus 46, one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_papyri" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a>, showing 2 Cor 11:33–12:9</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles_(genre)" title="Acts of the Apostles (genre)">Acts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Four Evangelists</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Lukan Acts</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic epistles</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1 John</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">3 John</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Apocalypse</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorship of the New Testament">Authorship</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Luke-Acts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Johannine works</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles" title="Authorship of the Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrine epistles">Petrine epistles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_manuscript" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament manuscript">New Testament manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">epistles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral epistles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#ddddff;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/16px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/24px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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href="/wiki/Template:Books_of_the_New_Testament" title="Template:Books of the New Testament"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books_of_the_New_Testament" title="Template talk:Books of the New Testament"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_New_Testament" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the New Testament"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Followers_of_Jesus" title="Category:Followers of Jesus">a series</a> of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">John in the Bible</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""St John the Evangelist" by Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri), 1620s"><img alt=""St John the Evangelist" by Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri), 1620s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/180px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/270px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/360px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4569" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_the_Evangelist_(Domenichino)" title="Saint John the Evangelist (Domenichino)">Saint John the Evangelist</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Domenichino" title="Domenichino">Domenichino</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Beloved disciple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Presbyter" title="John the Presbyter">Presbyter</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Related literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_John" title="Acts of John">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_John_in_Rome" title="Acts of John in Rome">Acts in Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signs_Gospel" title="Signs Gospel">Signs Gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_community" title="Johannine community">Johannine community</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Johannine_literature" title="Holy Spirit in Johannine literature">Holy Spirit in Johannine literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man" title="John's vision of the Son of Man">John's vision of the Son of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_John" title="New Testament people named John">New Testament people named John</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John" title="Template:John"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John" title="Template talk:John"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>First Epistle of John</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the first of the <a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine epistles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, and the fourth of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">catholic epistles</a>. There is no scholarly consensus as to the <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">authorship of the Johannine works</a>. The author of the First Epistle is termed <a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a>, who most modern scholars believe is not the same as <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most scholars<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> believe the three Johannine epistles have the same author, but there is no consensus if this was also the author of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a>. </p><p>This epistle was probably written in <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a> between 95 and 110 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_1_John_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_1_John-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author advises <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> on how to discern true teachers: by their <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a>, their proclamation of Jesus in the flesh, and by their <a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">love</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_1_John_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_1_John-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original text was written in <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a>. The epistle is divided into five <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible#Chapters" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main themes of the epistle are love and fellowship with God.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilder214_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilder214-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barbour346_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbour346-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author describes various tests by which readers may ascertain whether or not their communion with God is genuine, and teaches that the proof of spiritual regeneration is a life of active righteousness.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also distinguishes between the world (which is full of evil and under the dominion of Satan) and the children of God (who are set apart from the world).<sup id="cite_ref-Burton368_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton368-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style">Style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The epistle is not written in the same form as the other biblical epistles, as it lacks an <a href="/wiki/Epistle#Opening" title="Epistle">epistolary opening</a> or conclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilder211_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilder211-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The epistle is written in a simple style, without syntactical flourishes,<sup id="cite_ref-Wilder211_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilder211-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and makes frequent use of <a href="/wiki/Asyndeton" title="Asyndeton">asyndeton</a>, where related thoughts are placed next to one another without conjunctions.<sup id="cite_ref-Barbour343_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbour343-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to the linear style used in the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a>, biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/Ernest_DeWitt_Burton" title="Ernest DeWitt Burton">Ernest DeWitt Burton</a> suggests that John's thought "moves in circles", forming a slowly advancing sequence of thought.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton368_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton368-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is similar to the parallel structure of <a href="/wiki/Biblical_poetry" title="Biblical poetry">Hebrew poetry</a>, in which the second verse of a couplet often carries the same meaning as the first, although in this epistle the frequent recapitulations of already expressed ideas serve also to add to what has previously been said.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In summary, the epistle may be said to exhibit a <a href="/wiki/Protrepsis_and_paraenesis" title="Protrepsis and paraenesis">paraenetic</a> style which is "marked by personal appeal, contrasts of right and wrong, true and false, and an occasional rhetorical question".<sup id="cite_ref-Wilder211_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilder211-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The text refers to the writer's audience several times as "little children" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Τεκνία</span>, <i><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G5040">teknia</a></span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This affectionate <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> appears seven times in the letter, once as "my little children" (1 John 2:1), and the phrase also appears in <a href="/wiki/John_13#Verse_33" title="John 13">John 13:33</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> also uses the phrase "my little children" when addressing the Galatian churches in <a href="/wiki/Galatians_4" title="Galatians 4">Galatians 4</a>:19.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars have proposed the idea that the epistle is really John's commentary on a selection of traditional parallel couplets. While this theory, first propounded by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Dobsch%C3%BCtz" title="Ernst von Dobschütz">Ernst von Dobschütz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bultmann" title="Rudolf Bultmann">Rudolf Bultmann</a>, is not universally accepted, Amos Wilder writes that, "It is at least clear that there are considerable and sometimes continuous elements in the epistle whose style distinguishes them from that of the author both with respect to poetic structure and syntactic usage."<sup id="cite_ref-Wilder_212_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilder_212-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authorship">Authorship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Authorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship of the Johannine works</a></div> <p>The epistle is traditionally held to have been composed by <a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Burton367_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton367-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the writer was in advanced age. The epistle's content, language and conceptual style are very similar to the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_John" class="mw-redirect" title="2 John">2 John</a>, and <a href="/wiki/3_John" class="mw-redirect" title="3 John">3 John</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_1_John_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_1_John-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, at the end of the 19th century scholar <a href="/wiki/Ernest_DeWitt_Burton" title="Ernest DeWitt Burton">Ernest DeWitt Burton</a> wrote that there could be "no reasonable doubt" that 1 John and the gospel were written by the same author.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in the 20th century, however, critical scholars like <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Julius_Holtzmann" title="Heinrich Julius Holtzmann">Heinrich Julius Holtzmann</a> and <a href="/wiki/C._H._Dodd" title="C. H. Dodd">C. H. Dodd</a> identified the Gospel of John and 1 John as works of different authors. Certain linguistic features of the two texts support this view. For instance, 1 John often uses a <a href="/wiki/Demonstrative_pronoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonstrative pronoun">demonstrative pronoun</a> at the beginning of a sentence, then a particle or conjunction, followed by an explanation or definition of the demonstrative at the end of the sentence—a stylistic technique which is not used in the gospel.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilder211_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilder211-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author of the epistle also "uses the conditional sentence in a variety of rhetorical figures which are unknown to the gospel". This indicates, at the very least, the linguistic characteristics changed over time.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, following the work of <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Louis_Martyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Louis Martyn (page does not exist)">J. Louis Martyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown" title="Raymond E. Brown">Raymond Brown</a>, the majority of scholars believe that John and 1 John were written by different members of the same community: the "Johannine Community".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most critical scholars conclude that <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a> wrote none of these works.<sup id="cite_ref-Fourth_Gospel_1985_p._355_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fourth_Gospel_1985_p._355-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kelly2012_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly2012-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"The Fourth Gospel addresses itself to the challenges posed by Judaism and others outside Johannine circles who have rejected the community's vision of Jesus as preexistent Son, sent by the Father." The <a href="/wiki/New_Jerome_Biblical_Commentary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jerome Biblical Commentary">New Jerome Biblical Commentary</a> suggests that the three Johannine epistles "describe the fracturing of the Johannine community itself".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The author wrote the epistle so that the joy of his audience would "be full" (1:4); that they would "not practice sin" (2:1); that they would not be deceived by false teachers (2:26); and that "you who believe in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a>... may continue to know that you have <a href="/wiki/Eternal_life_(Christianity)" title="Eternal life (Christianity)">eternal life</a>" (5:13). There are two main approaches to understanding the overall purpose of the letter, tests of life (popularized by Robert Law) and tests of fellowship (popularized by John Mitchell and <a href="/wiki/Zane_C._Hodges" title="Zane C. Hodges">Zane Hodges</a>). Whereas the Gospel of John was written for unbelievers (<a href="/wiki/John_20:31" title="John 20:31">John 20:31</a>), this epistle was written to those who were already believers (5:13).<sup id="cite_ref-Barbour341_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbour341-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ernest DeWitt Burton found it likely that its audience was largely <a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">gentile</a> rather than Jewish, since it contains few Old Testament quotations or distinctly Jewish forms of expression.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton367_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton367-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The epistle also partakes of the debate over Jesus's nature: the debate over "flesh" or the <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">incarnation</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christianity</a>, some advocated for <a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">docetism</a>, a view that Christ had been a purely divine being. Most notably, the group that would eventually become the <a href="/wiki/Gnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostic">Gnostics</a> were docetic. 1 John fiercely denounces this belief in favor of the view that Jesus had a real appearance "in the flesh" on Earth. Chapter 4 writes that "every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God" (NRSV),<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other passages say that Jesus shed blood, and if he could not shed blood then his death was meaningless. Chapter 2 also includes a passage that refers to a group of proto-Gnostics: a group that was once with the church but have since left it and deny that the human Jesus was also the spiritual Christ. The author denounces these secessionists as "antichrists". The introduction possibly also addresses the issue, especially if the identification of the author as John, or a pseudepigraphic claim to have been a disciple, is assumed: Chapter 1 writes of having evidence of the truth via eyes and touch. The author may thus be claiming to have known the physical Jesus personally and is emphasizing his physicality as a flesh-and-blood person rather than a spirit or phantasm.<sup id="cite_ref-ehrman_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehrman-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_early_manuscripts">Surviving early manuscripts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Surviving early manuscripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:End_of_2_Peter_and_Beginning_of_1_John_in_Alexandrinus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/End_of_2_Peter_and_Beginning_of_1_John_in_Alexandrinus.JPG/170px-End_of_2_Peter_and_Beginning_of_1_John_in_Alexandrinus.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/End_of_2_Peter_and_Beginning_of_1_John_in_Alexandrinus.JPG/255px-End_of_2_Peter_and_Beginning_of_1_John_in_Alexandrinus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/End_of_2_Peter_and_Beginning_of_1_John_in_Alexandrinus.JPG/340px-End_of_2_Peter_and_Beginning_of_1_John_in_Alexandrinus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2180" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption>The end part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">Second Epistle of Peter</a> (3:16–18) and the beginning of the First Epistle of John (<a href="#Verse_1">1:1</a>–<a href="/wiki/1_John_2" class="mw-redirect" title="1 John 2">2:9</a>) on the same page of <a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a> (AD 400–440)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Papyrus_9_(GA),_POxy402.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Papyrus_9_%28GA%29%2C_POxy402.jpg/170px-Papyrus_9_%28GA%29%2C_POxy402.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Papyrus_9_%28GA%29%2C_POxy402.jpg/255px-Papyrus_9_%28GA%29%2C_POxy402.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Papyrus_9_%28GA%29%2C_POxy402.jpg/340px-Papyrus_9_%28GA%29%2C_POxy402.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>1 John 4:11-12, 14–17 in <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_9" title="Papyrus 9">Papyrus 9</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_papyri" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyrhynchus papyri">P. Oxy.</a> 402; 3rd century)</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest written versions of the epistle have been lost; some of the earliest surviving manuscripts include: </p> <dl><dt>In Greek</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus" title="Codex Vaticanus">Codex Vaticanus</a> (AD 300–325)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> (330–360)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a> (400–440)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Ephraemi_Rescriptus" title="Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus">Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus</a> (c. 450; fragmentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_74" title="Papyrus 74">Papyrus 74</a> (7th century; fragmentary)</li></ul> <dl><dt>In Latin</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_palimpsest" title="León palimpsest">León palimpsest</a> (7th century; extant verses 1 John 1:5–5:21,<sup id="cite_ref-Metzger_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metzger-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the text of the <a href="/wiki/Comma_Johanneum" class="mw-redirect" title="Comma Johanneum">Comma Johanneum</a> (<a href="/wiki/1_John_5:7" class="mw-redirect" title="1 John 5:7">1 John 5:7</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian fragment</a>, dated to AD 170, cites chapter 1, verses 1–3 within a discussion of the Gospel of John.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_9" title="Papyrus 9">Papyrus 9</a>, dating from the 3rd century, has surviving parts of chapter 4, verses 11–12 and 14–17.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different versions of the Greek manuscript have different wording for some verses. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_First_Epistle_of_John" title="Textual variants in the First Epistle of John">Textual variants in the First Epistle of John</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prologue">Prologue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Prologue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verses 1-4 of the first chapter constitute a prologue or introduction concerning the Incarnate Word.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the Prologue to John's Gospel, this introduction tells us that what the author proposes to write about is the Word which is the Life.<sup id="cite_ref-Plummer_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plummer-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anglican commentator Alfred Plummer notes that "the similarity to the <a href="/wiki/John_1:1" title="John 1:1">opening</a> of the Gospel is manifest", but with a significant difference, in that the gospel refers to the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">λόγος</a></span>, <i>lógos</i>, word, before the creation, whereas here the point is that the word existed before the <a href="/wiki/Incarnation" title="Incarnation">incarnation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Plummer_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plummer-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Johannine_Comma">Johannine Comma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Johannine Comma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cod._Montfortianus_p_434_r_1_John_5_Comma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cod._Montfortianus_p_434_r_1_John_5_Comma.jpg/170px-Cod._Montfortianus_p_434_r_1_John_5_Comma.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cod._Montfortianus_p_434_r_1_John_5_Comma.jpg/255px-Cod._Montfortianus_p_434_r_1_John_5_Comma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cod._Montfortianus_p_434_r_1_John_5_Comma.jpg/340px-Cod._Montfortianus_p_434_r_1_John_5_Comma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Codex_Montfortianus" title="Codex Montfortianus">Codex Montfortianus</a> (1520) page 434 recto with 1 John 5 <i>Comma Johanneum</i>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Johannine_Comma" title="Johannine Comma">Johannine Comma</a></div> <p>A Trinitarian <a href="/wiki/Biblical_gloss" title="Biblical gloss">gloss</a> (marginal note) known as the <a href="/wiki/Johannine_Comma" title="Johannine Comma">Johannine Comma</a>, added to Latin translations of the epistle in the 4th century,<sup id="cite_ref-Houghton_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houghton-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was <a href="/wiki/Interpolation_(manuscripts)" title="Interpolation (manuscripts)">interpolated</a> (added to the main text) within 1 John 5:7-8 over the course of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Houghton_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houghton-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although no Greek manuscripts before the 15th century include the passage, <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> added it to later editions of his edition of the New Testament, beginning in 1522.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2017_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2017-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bibles translated from his edition integrate the passage, including the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> (1611), which renders it as follows (<i>in italics</i>): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><sup><small>7</small></sup>For there are three that beare record <i>in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one. <sup><small>8</small></sup>And there are three that beare witnesse in earth,</i> the Spirit, and the Water, and the Blood, and these three agree in one.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Translations made since the 18th century and based on a <a href="/wiki/Critical_edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Critical edition">critical edition</a> do not include this text, or include it as a footnote. Because the addition supports the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Trinitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarianism">trinitarianism</a>, it featured in Protestant and Catholic debates on this subject in the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_verse">Final verse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Final verse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Little children, keep yourselves from idols. Amen.</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Plummer suggests that here, "as at the end of [John's] Gospel <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">Second Epistle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> '<a href="/wiki/Amen" title="Amen">Amen</a>' is the addition of a copyist".<sup id="cite_ref-Plummer_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plummer-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a> version includes "Ἀμήν", <i><a href="/wiki/Amen" title="Amen">Amen</a></i>, at the end but critical editions do not.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""To_the_Parthians""><span id=".22To_the_Parthians.22"></span>"To the Parthians"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: "To the Parthians""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 415, <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a> wrote a commentary in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>On the Epistle of John to the Parthians</i> (in Latin, <i>ad Parthos</i>), in which he identifies the addressees of John's letter as <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthians</a>. It has occasionally been suggested that this refers to a community of converts in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq" title="History of the Jews in Iraq">Jewish community of Babylonia</a>. Around 730, <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> wrote that <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a> had also believed in a Parthian destination for <i>1 John</i>. This tradition, however, is known only from Latin sources. (Three late Greek manuscripts of <i>2 John</i> label it "to the Parthians".) On balance, it is likely that John's first letter was written for the Ephesian church and that the Parthian label results from a misreading or misunderstanding.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"1 John 4:16" is a song title in the album "<a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_the_World_to_Come_(album)" title="The Life of the World to Come (album)"><i>The Life of the World to Come</i></a>", inspired by this verse, which was released by the American band <a href="/wiki/The_Mountain_Goats" title="The Mountain Goats">The Mountain Goats</a> in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If_the_world_hates_you" class="mw-redirect" title="If the world hates you">If the world hates you</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The book is sometimes called the <b>First Letter of John</b>, or simply <b>1st John</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which is also its most common form of abbreviation).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HiPouAEACAAJ"><i>ESV Pew Bible</i></a>. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 1021. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-6343-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-6343-0"><bdi>978-1-4335-6343-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603093159/https://www.google.com/books/edition/ESV_Pew_Bible_Black/HiPouAEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ESV+Pew+Bible&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+IL&rft.pages=1021&rft.pub=Crossway&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4335-6343-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHiPouAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations">"Bible Book Abbreviations"</a>. <i>Logos Bible Software</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421100743/https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Logos+Bible+Software&rft.atitle=Bible+Book+Abbreviations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.logos.com%2Fbible-book-abbreviations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris_1_John-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_1_John_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_1_John_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_1_John_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_L_Harris" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen L Harris">Harris, Stephen L.</a>, <i>Understanding the Bible</i> (Palo Alto: Mayfield, 1985) "1 John," p. 355–356</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilder214-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilder214_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilder, p. 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barbour346-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barbour346_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbour, p. 346</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbour, p. 348</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burton368-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burton368_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burton368_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton1896" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_DeWitt_Burton" title="Ernest DeWitt Burton">Burton, Ernest DeWitt</a> (1896). "The Epistles of John". <i>The Biblical World</i>. <b>7</b> (5): 366–369. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3140373">3140373</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biblical+World&rft.atitle=The+Epistles+of+John&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=366-369&rft.date=1896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3140373%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Ernest+DeWitt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilder211-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilder211_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilder211_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilder211_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilder211_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilder1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amos_Wilder" title="Amos Wilder">Wilder, Amos</a> (1957). "Introduction to the First, Second, and Third Epistles of John". In Harmon, Nolan (ed.). <i>The Interpreter's Bible</i>. Vol. 12. <a href="/wiki/Abingdon_Press" title="Abingdon Press">Abingdon Press</a>. p. 211.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+First%2C+Second%2C+and+Third+Epistles+of+John&rft.btitle=The+Interpreter%27s+Bible&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Wilder&rft.aufirst=Amos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barbour343-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barbour343_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbour1896" class="citation journal cs1">Barbour, J. H. (1896). "The Structure of the First Epistle of Saint John". <i>The Biblical World</i>. <b>9</b> (5): 341–348. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F472075">10.1086/472075</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3140289">3140289</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144652601">144652601</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biblical+World&rft.atitle=The+Structure+of+the+First+Epistle+of+Saint+John&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=341-348&rft.date=1896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144652601%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3140289%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F472075&rft.aulast=Barbour&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbour, p. 342</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/text/1_john/2-1.htm">Greek Text Analysis: 1 John 2:1</a>. Biblehub.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Morris" title="Leon Morris">Morris, Leon</a> (1994). "1 John". In <a href="/wiki/D._A._Carson" title="D. A. Carson">Carson, D. A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/R._T._France" title="R. T. France">France, R. T.</a>; <a href="/wiki/J._Alec_Motyer" title="J. Alec Motyer">Motyer, J. A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Wenham" title="Gordon Wenham">Wenham, G. J.</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uveHQgAACAAJ"><i>New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition</i></a> (4, illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Inter-Varsity Press. p. 1401. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851106489" title="Special:BookSources/9780851106489"><bdi>9780851106489</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1+John&rft.btitle=New+Bible+Commentary%3A+21st+Century+Edition&rft.pages=1401&rft.edition=4%2C+illustrated%2C+reprint%2C+revised&rft.pub=Inter-Varsity+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780851106489&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuveHQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_August_Wilhelm_Meyer" title="Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer">Meyer, H. A. W.</a> (1880), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/meyer/1_john/2.htm">Meyer's NT Commentary</a> on 1 John 2, translated from the German sixth edition, accessed 14 April 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilder_212-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilder_212_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilder, p. 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burton367-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burton367_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burton367_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton, p. 367</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton, p. 366</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodd1937" class="citation journal cs1">Dodd, C. H. (1 April 1937). "The first epistle of John and the Fourth Gospel". <i>Bulletin of the John Rylands Library</i>. <b>21</b> (1): 129–156. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7227%2Fbjrl.21.1.5">10.7227/bjrl.21.1.5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+John+Rylands+Library&rft.atitle=The+first+epistle+of+John+and+the+Fourth+Gospel&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=129-156&rft.date=1937-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7227%2Fbjrl.21.1.5&rft.aulast=Dodd&rft.aufirst=C.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1979" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Raymond (1979). <i>The Community of the Beloved Disciple</i>. Mahwah, NJ: Pauli's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0809121743" title="Special:BookSources/0809121743"><bdi>0809121743</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Community+of+the+Beloved+Disciple&rft.place=Mahwah%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Pauli%27s+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0809121743&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fourth_Gospel_1985_p._355-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fourth_Gospel_1985_p._355_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Although ancient traditions attributed to the Apostle John the Fourth Gospel, the Book of Revelation, and the three Epistles of John, modern scholars believe that he wrote none of them." <a href="/wiki/Stephen_L_Harris" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen L Harris">Harris, Stephen L.</a>, <i>Understanding the Bible</i> (Palo Alto: Mayfield, 1985) p. 355</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelly2012-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly2012_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2012" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Joseph F. (1 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=923-w0Knq-AC&pg=PA115"><i>History and Heresy: How Historical Forces Can Create Doctrinal Conflicts</i></a>. Liturgical Press. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5999-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5999-1"><bdi>978-0-8146-5999-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Heresy%3A+How+Historical+Forces+Can+Create+Doctrinal+Conflicts&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5999-1&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D923-w0Knq-AC%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The New Jerome Biblical Commentary, Edited by Raymond E. Brown, S.S., Union Theological Seminary, New York; NY, William J. Dalton, S. J.; Roland E. Murphy, O. Carm. (emeritus) The Divinity School, Duke University, Durham, NC; [The Johannine Epistles, Pheme Perkins], with a foreword by His Eminence Carlo Maria Cardinal Martini, S.J.; Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barbour341-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barbour341_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbour, p. 341</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20John%204:2&version=nrsv">1 John 4:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehrman-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ehrman_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bart_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart</a> (2012). <i>Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 431–437. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199928033" title="Special:BookSources/9780199928033"><bdi>9780199928033</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgery+and+Counterforgery%3A+The+Use+of+Literary+Deceit+in+Early+Christian+Polemics&rft.pages=431-437&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780199928033&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metzger-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Metzger_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce M. Metzger, <i>The Early Versions of the New Testament</i>, Oxford University Press, 1977, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlandAlandJ._Karavidopoulos,_C._M._Martini,_B._Metzger,_A._Wikgren1993" class="citation book cs1">Aland, B.; Aland, K.; J. Karavidopoulos, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Martini" title="Carlo Maria Martini">C. M. Martini</a>, B. Metzger, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Wikgren" title="Allen Wikgren">A. Wikgren</a> (1993). <i>The Greek New Testament</i>. Stuttgart: United Bible Societies. p. 819. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-438-05110-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-438-05110-3"><bdi>978-3-438-05110-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+New+Testament&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pages=819&rft.pub=United+Bible+Societies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-3-438-05110-3&rft.aulast=Aland&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Aland%2C+K.&rft.au=J.+Karavidopoulos%2C+C.+M.+Martini%2C+B.+Metzger%2C+A.+Wikgren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> [UBS4]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce_Metzger_(translator)" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Metzger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Metzger">Bruce Metzger</a> (translator). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/muratorian-metzger.html">"The Muratorian fragment"</a>. EarlyChristianWritings.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Muratorian+fragment&rft.pub=EarlyChristianWritings.com&rft.au=Bruce+Metzger+%28translator%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlychristianwritings.com%2Ftext%2Fmuratorian-metzger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComfortDavid_P._Barrett2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Comfort" title="Philip Comfort">Comfort, Philip W.</a>; David P. Barrett (2001). <i>The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts</i>. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8423-5265-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8423-5265-9"><bdi>978-0-8423-5265-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+of+the+Earliest+New+Testament+Greek+Manuscripts&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Tyndale+House+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8423-5265-9&rft.aulast=Comfort&rft.aufirst=Philip+W.&rft.au=David+P.+Barrett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem Bible</a>, 1966, 1 John</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plummer-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Plummer_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plummer_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plummer_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Plummer, A. (1896), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/1_john/1.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a> on 1 John 1, accessed 23 September 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houghton-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Houghton_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houghton_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoughton2016" class="citation book cs1">Houghton, H. A. G. (2016). <i>The Latin New Testament: a guide to its early history, texts, and manuscripts</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 178–179. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198744733.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198744733.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-874473-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-874473-3"><bdi>978-0-19-874473-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Latin+New+Testament%3A+a+guide+to+its+early+history%2C+texts%2C+and+manuscripts&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=178-179&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198744733.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-874473-3&rft.aulast=Houghton&rft.aufirst=H.+A.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald2017-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2017_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2017" class="citation book cs1">McDonald, Grantley (2017). "The Johannine Comma from Erasmus to Westminster". In Dirk van Miert; Henk J. M. Nellen; Piet Steenbakkers; Jetze Touber (eds.). <i>Scriptural authority and biblical criticism in the Dutch Golden Age: God's word questioned</i>. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 61–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198806837.003.0003">10.1093/oso/9780198806837.003.0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-880683-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-880683-7"><bdi>978-0-19-880683-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Johannine+Comma+from+Erasmus+to+Westminster&rft.btitle=Scriptural+authority+and+biblical+criticism+in+the+Dutch+Golden+Age%3A+God%27s+word+questioned&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=61-72&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198806837.003.0003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-880683-7&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Grantley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bible</i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#5:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 5:7–8</a>: King James Version</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bible</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John+5:21&version=nkjv">1 John 5:21</a>: New King James Version (NKJV)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bible</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+21:25&version=nkjv">John 21:25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bible</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+John+1:13&version=nkjv">2 John 1:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bible</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John+5:21&version=sblgnt">1 John 5:21</a>: The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition (2010) by Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/W._Hall_Harris_III" title="W. Hall Harris III">W. Hall Harris III</a>, <i>1, 2, 3 John: Comfort and Counsel for a Church in Crisis</i> (Biblical Studies Press, 2003), pp. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/the-mountain-goats-the-life-of-the-world-to-come/1863">"The Mountain Goats: The Life of the World to Come | Music Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slant_Magazine" title="Slant Magazine">Slant Magazine</a></i>. 2009-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slant+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Mountain+Goats%3A+The+Life+of+the+World+to+Come+%26%23124%3B+Music+Review&rft.date=2009-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slantmagazine.com%2Fmusic%2Freview%2Fthe-mountain-goats-the-life-of-the-world-to-come%2F1863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Robert Dabney, "The Doctrinal Various Readings of the New Testament Greek", 1894: p. 32.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaston1897" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_George_Easton" title="Matthew George Easton">Easton, Matthew George</a> (1897). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary_(1897)/John,_First_Epistle_of" class="extiw" title="s:Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/John, First Epistle of">John, First Epistle of</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary" title="Easton's Bible Dictionary">Easton's Bible Dictionary</a></i> (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John%2C+First+Epistle+of&rft.btitle=Easton%27s+Bible+Dictionary&rft.edition=New+and+revised&rft.pub=T.+Nelson+and+Sons&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Matthew+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://librivox.org/search?title=NT+23:+1+John&author=&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced">Bible: 1 John</a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> Various versions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=23&c=1">English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901100050/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=23&c=1">Archived</a> 2020-09-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=1John"><i>Online Bible</i> at GospelHall.org</a> (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=69">Multiple bible versions at <i>Bible Gateway</i></a> (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>First Epistle of John </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/General_epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="General epistles">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistles">Epistle</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">Second Peter</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <small><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Bible">Books of the Bible</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">Second John</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Epistle_of_John" title="Template:First Epistle of John"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Epistle_of_John" title="Template talk:First Epistle of John"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Epistle_of_John" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Epistle of John"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Epistle_of_John" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Epistle of John</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms/Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_Comma" title="Johannine Comma">Johannine Comma (<i>Comma Johanneum</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_First_Epistle_of_John" title="Textual variants in the First Epistle of John">Textual variants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%27" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Ιωάννου Α'">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Ioannis_I" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Ioannis I">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/1_Joon" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/1 Joon">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/1 John">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/1_John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 John">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/1_John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/1 John">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books_of_the_Bible" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template talk:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Books_of_the_Bible" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Books</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Protocanonical_books" title="Protocanonical books">(protocanon)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1–2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">1–2 Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Song of the Three Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eastern Orthodox & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon#Broader_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syriac <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">Psalms 152–155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testaments_of_the_Three_Patriarchs" title="Testaments of the Three Patriarchs">Testaments of the Three Patriarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Isaac" title="Testament of Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Jacob" title="Testament of Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament canon">Canon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans" title="Epistle to the Laodiceans">Laodiceans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">3 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Paul" title="Acts of Paul">Acts of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Hebrews" title="Gospel of the Hebrews">Gospel of the Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">1 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Clement" title="Second Epistle of Clement">2 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Third Epistle to the Corinthians">3 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_of_Hermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd of Hermas">Shepherd of Hermas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">Chapters and verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah#Pentateuch" title="Torah">Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature#Sapiential_Books" title="Wisdom literature">Wisdom books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Poetic Books</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Jewish canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertestamental_period" title="Intertestamental period">Intertestamental period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Christian canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">Pseudepigrapha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Testament_pseudepigrapha" title="List of Old Testament pseudepigrapha">Old Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating the Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">Manuscripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diatessaron" title="Diatessaron">Diatessaron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">New Testament manuscript categories</a></li> 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