CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//img.lemde.fr"> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Medium-Web.ac7bf37b26f16e97.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.133dea79c01db68e.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/variables/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB-LeMonde.b353d5d190089f96.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <script>var lmd = {"consent":{"version":1},"context":{"aec":false,"urlPrefix":"\/en","staled":false,"pageType":"rubrique"},"user":false,"lang":"en","hosts":{"abo":"abo.lemonde.fr","lemonde":"www.lemonde.fr","sf_secure":"secure.lemonde.fr","forecast":"forecast.lemonde.fr"},"env":"prd","analytics":{"oneNext":{"id":"244044216595"},"fba":{"id":"122349388153507","idCommunication":"607705069438811","pageType":"signataires","contentType":"element-journaliste","name":"aude-dassonville"},"amplitude":{"id":"7dec6d6e90d5288af6e9a882f8def199","arvatoSelectionCode":"false","pageType":"signataires"},"chartbeat":{"domain":"en.lemonde.fr"},"smart_tag":{"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/bucket\/resources\/english\/ca618854ca95a48e.62b59fab7228d037275f2a0d1bd49f60f85b0045.43260.js","pixelPath":"\/62b59fab7228d037275f2a0d1bd49f60f85b0045","customObject":[]},"piano":{"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/bucket\/resources\/english\/03ea4fa719e85114.62b59fab7228d037275f2a0d1bd49f60f85b0045.pa.js","pixelPath":"62b59fab7228d037275f2a0d1bd49f60f85b0045","properties":{"site_level2":"102","page_chapter1":"signataires","page_chapter2":"aude-dassonville","page_chapter3":"","page":"page_1","population":"gratuit","producteur":"edito","refresh":"false"}}},"features":{"capping":false},"batch":{"smallIcon":"\/bucket\/resources\/front\/static\/img\/logos\/pwa-96-transparent.png","defaultIcon":"\/bucket\/resources\/front\/static\/img\/logos\/pwa-192.png"},"metas":{"canonicalUrl":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/signataires\/aude-dassonville\/"},"requests":{"_url":"\/en\/signataires\/aude-dassonville\/"},"current_date":"2025-04-01T07:17:12+02:00"}; lmd.device = "desktop"; </script> <script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";var e;(function(e){e.exports=function(){for(var e,t="__tcfapiLocator",a=[],r=window;r;){try{if(r.frames[t]){e=r;break}}catch(e){}if(r===window.top)break;r=r.parent}e||(function e(){var a=r.document,n=!!r.frames[t];if(!n)if(a.body){var s=a.createElement("iframe");s.style.cssText="display:none",s.name=t,a.body.appendChild(s)}else setTimeout(e,5);return!n}(),r.__tcfapi=function(){for(var e,t=arguments.length,r=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)r[n]=arguments[n];if(!r.length)return a;if("setGdprApplies"===r[0])r.length>3&&2===parseInt(r[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof r[3]&&(e=r[3],"function"==typeof r[2]&&r[2]("set",!0));else if("ping"===r[0]){var s={gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"};"function"==typeof r[2]&&r[2](s)}else a.push(r)},r.addEventListener("message",(function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data,a={};try{a=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){}var r=a.__tcfapiCall;r&&window.__tcfapi(r.command,r.version,(function(a,n){var s={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:a,success:n,callId:r.callId}};t&&(s=JSON.stringify(s)),e&&e.source&&e.source.postMessage&&e.source.postMessage(s,"*")}),r.parameter)}),!1))}}(e={exports:{}},e.exports),e.exports)()}();</script> <script type="text/javascript">var GDPR_CONFIG = {"displayMode":"standard","usePiano":true,"usePianoAsyncCommands":true,"pianoIdData":{"siteIdKey":"lmd_site_id","siteIdValue":"43260"}};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cmp.lemonde.fr/js/lemonde-en.min.js" async="1" onerror="(function(){window.cmpLoadFailed=true;document.dispatchEvent(new Event('gdprCmpLoadFailed'));})()"></script> <script> if(typeof Promise === 'undefined' || (sessionStorage.fontsFirst && sessionStorage.fontsLast && 'fonts' in document)) { document.documentElement.classList.add('fonts-loaded'); } </script> <style type="text/css">@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:The Antiqua B;font-stretch:25% 150%;font-style:normal;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/variables/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB-LeMonde.b353d5d190089f96.woff2) format("woff2-variations"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/variables/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB-LeMonde.b353d5d190089f96.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{ascent-override:99%;descent-override:29%;font-family:The Antiqua B Fallback;line-gap-override:1%;size-adjust:100%;src:local("Georgia"),local(Georgia)}:root{--font-antiqua-b:"The Antiqua B","The Antiqua B Fallback",Droid-serif;--font-antiqua-b-extrabold:"The Antiqua B ExtraBold","The Antiqua B ExtraBold Fallback","Georgia","Times Roman",serif;--font-marr-sans:"Marr Sans","Marr Sans Fallback",Roboto;--font-marr-sans-medium:"Marr Sans Medium","Marr Sans Medium Fallback",Roboto;--font-marr-sans-condensed:"Marr Sans Condensed","Marr Sans Condensed Fallback","DINCondensed-Bold","Roboto Condensed";--font-marr-sans-condensed-semibold:"Marr Sans Condensed Semibold","Marr Sans Condensed Semibold Fallback","DINCondensed-Bold","Roboto Condensed"}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:The Antiqua B standard;font-style:normal;font-weight:800;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.aa422a41ddcabe4b.eot);src:local("TheAntiquaB_LT_800"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.aa422a41ddcabe4b.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.a5e223e59d84d843.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.ae7988b2d6c42dc2.woff) format("woff"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.f1b6a43f72ebe70d.svg#TheAntiquaB_LT_800) format("svg")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:The Antiqua B ExtraBold;font-style:normal;font-weight:800;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.aa422a41ddcabe4b.eot);src:local("TheAntiquaB_LT_800"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.aa422a41ddcabe4b.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.a5e223e59d84d843.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.ae7988b2d6c42dc2.woff) format("woff"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.f1b6a43f72ebe70d.svg#TheAntiquaB_LT_800) format("svg")}@font-face{ascent-override:94%;descent-override:29%;font-family:The Antiqua B ExtraBold Fallback;line-gap-override:0%;size-adjust:107%;src:local(Georgia),local("Georgia")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Marr Sans;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Regular-Web.5f6ebfbc1a345c86.eot);src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Regular-Web.5f6ebfbc1a345c86.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Regular-Web.2f89fff3877253bf.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Regular-Web.cdb3946e94041532.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{ascent-override:90%;descent-override:36%;font-family:Marr Sans Fallback;line-gap-override:3%;size-adjust:102.6%;src:local("Arial")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Marr Sans;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Medium-Web.5e282e64aafd3c38.eot);src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Medium-Web.5e282e64aafd3c38.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Medium-Web.ac7bf37b26f16e97.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Medium-Web.925dd64435af08a3.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Marr Sans Medium;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Medium-Web.5e282e64aafd3c38.eot);src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Medium-Web.5e282e64aafd3c38.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Medium-Web.ac7bf37b26f16e97.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Medium-Web.925dd64435af08a3.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{ascent-override:98%;descent-override:23%;font-family:Marr Sans Medium Fallback;line-gap-override:3%;size-adjust:102%;src:local("Arial"),local(Arial)}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Marr Sans Condensed;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.54afa03f9c5947cd.eot);src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.54afa03f9c5947cd.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.133dea79c01db68e.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.3a8ed51cac63c624.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{ascent-override:103%;descent-override:22%;font-family:Marr Sans Condensed Fallback;line-gap-override:0%;size-adjust:89%;src:local(Arial Narrow),local("Arial Narrow")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Marr Sans Condensed;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Semibold-Web.b51b008de9e44bc9.eot);src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Semibold-Web.b51b008de9e44bc9.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Semibold-Web.22ed62e40765ed70.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Semibold-Web.38e59055f09189d1.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Marr Sans Condensed Semibold;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Semibold-Web.b51b008de9e44bc9.eot);src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Semibold-Web.b51b008de9e44bc9.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Semibold-Web.22ed62e40765ed70.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/front/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Semibold-Web.38e59055f09189d1.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{ascent-override:100%;descent-override:20%;font-family:Marr Sans Condensed Semibold Fallback;line-gap-override:0%;size-adjust:96%;src:local(Arial Narrow),local("Arial Narrow")}.weight--hairline{font-weight:100}.weight--thin{font-weight:200}.weight--light{font-weight:300}.weight--normal{font-weight:400}.weight--medium{font-weight:500}.weight--semibold{font-weight:600}.weight--bold{font-weight:700}.weight--extrabold{font-weight:800}.weight--black{font-weight:900}[data-af-custom-fonts=af-creatives-text]{font-family:Marr Sans,sans-serif!important} </style> <script>(()=>{var e={9910:e=>{!function(){function t(e,t){document.addEventListener?e.addEventListener("scroll",t,!1):e.attachEvent("scroll",t)}function n(e){this.g=document.createElement("div"),this.g.setAttribute("aria-hidden","true"),this.g.appendChild(document.createTextNode(e)),this.h=document.createElement("span"),this.i=document.createElement("span"),this.m=document.createElement("span"),this.j=document.createElement("span"),this.l=-1,this.h.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;",this.i.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;",this.j.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;",this.m.style.cssText="display:inline-block;width:200%;height:200%;font-size:16px;max-width:none;",this.h.appendChild(this.m),this.i.appendChild(this.j),this.g.appendChild(this.h),this.g.appendChild(this.i)}function i(e,t){e.g.style.cssText="max-width:none;min-width:20px;min-height:20px;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:auto;margin:0;padding:0;top:-999px;white-space:nowrap;font-synthesis:none;font:"+t+";"}function o(e){var t=e.g.offsetWidth,n=t+100;return e.j.style.width=n+"px",e.i.scrollLeft=n,e.h.scrollLeft=e.h.scrollWidth+100,e.l!==t&&(e.l=t,!0)}function s(e,n){function i(){var e=s;o(e)&&null!==e.g.parentNode&&n(e.l)}var s=e;t(e.h,i),t(e.i,i),o(e)}function a(e,t,n){t=t||{},n=n||window,this.family=e,this.style=t.style||"normal",this.weight=t.weight||"normal",this.stretch=t.stretch||"normal",this.context=n}var r=null,d=null,l=null,c=null;function h(e){return null===c&&(c=!!e.document.fonts),c}function u(e,t){var n=e.style,i=e.weight;if(null===l){var o=document.createElement("div");try{o.style.font="condensed 100px sans-serif"}catch(e){}l=""!==o.style.font}return[n,i,l?e.stretch:"","100px",t].join(" ")}a.prototype.load=function(e,t){var o=this,a=e||"BESbswy",l=0,c=t||3e3,f=(new Date).getTime();return new Promise((function(e,t){if(h(o.context)&&!function(e){return null===d&&(h(e)&&/Apple/.test(window.navigator.vendor)?(e=/AppleWebKit\/([0-9]+)(?:\.([0-9]+))(?:\.([0-9]+))/.exec(window.navigator.userAgent),d=!!e&&603>parseInt(e[1],10)):d=!1),d}(o.context)){var m=new Promise((function(e,t){!function n(){(new Date).getTime()-f>=c?t(Error(c+"ms timeout exceeded")):o.context.document.fonts.load(u(o,'"'+o.family+'"'),a).then((function(t){1<=t.length?e():setTimeout(n,25)}),t)}()})),p=new Promise((function(e,t){l=setTimeout((function(){t(Error(c+"ms timeout exceeded"))}),c)}));Promise.race([p,m]).then((function(){clearTimeout(l),e(o)}),t)}else!function(e){document.body?e():document.addEventListener?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",(function t(){document.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t),e()})):document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",(function t(){"interactive"!=document.readyState&&"complete"!=document.readyState||(document.detachEvent("onreadystatechange",t),e())}))}((function(){function d(){var t;(t=-1!=w&&-1!=g||-1!=w&&-1!=v||-1!=g&&-1!=v)&&((t=w!=g&&w!=v&&g!=v)||(null===r&&(t=/AppleWebKit\/([0-9]+)(?:\.([0-9]+))/.exec(window.navigator.userAgent),r=!!t&&(536>parseInt(t[1],10)||536===parseInt(t[1],10)&&11>=parseInt(t[2],10))),t=r&&(w==x&&g==x&&v==x||w==y&&g==y&&v==y||w==E&&g==E&&v==E)),t=!t),t&&(null!==T.parentNode&&T.parentNode.removeChild(T),clearTimeout(l),e(o))}var h=new n(a),m=new n(a),p=new n(a),w=-1,g=-1,v=-1,x=-1,y=-1,E=-1,T=document.createElement("div");T.dir="ltr",i(h,u(o,"sans-serif")),i(m,u(o,"serif")),i(p,u(o,"monospace")),T.appendChild(h.g),T.appendChild(m.g),T.appendChild(p.g),o.context.document.body.appendChild(T),x=h.g.offsetWidth,y=m.g.offsetWidth,E=p.g.offsetWidth,function e(){if((new Date).getTime()-f>=c)null!==T.parentNode&&T.parentNode.removeChild(T),t(Error(c+"ms timeout exceeded"));else{var n=o.context.document.hidden;!0!==n&&void 0!==n||(w=h.g.offsetWidth,g=m.g.offsetWidth,v=p.g.offsetWidth,d()),l=setTimeout(e,50)}}(),s(h,(function(e){w=e,d()})),i(h,u(o,'"'+o.family+'",sans-serif')),s(m,(function(e){g=e,d()})),i(m,u(o,'"'+o.family+'",serif')),s(p,(function(e){v=e,d()})),i(p,u(o,'"'+o.family+'",monospace'))}))}))},e.exports=a}()}},t={};function n(i){var o=t[i];if(void 0!==o)return o.exports;var s=t[i]={exports:{}};return e[i](s,s.exports,n),s.exports}n.n=e=>{var t=e&&e.__esModule?()=>e.default:()=>e;return n.d(t,{a:t}),t},n.d=(e,t)=>{for(var i in t)n.o(t,i)&&!n.o(e,i)&&Object.defineProperty(e,i,{enumerable:!0,get:t[i]})},n.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),(()=>{"use strict";var e=n(9910),t=n.n(e);const i=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{weight:500}),o=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{style:"italic",weight:500}),s=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{weight:700}),a=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{style:"italic",weight:700}),r=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{weight:800}),d=new(t())("Marr Sans",{weight:400}),l=new(t())("Marr Sans",{weight:500}),c=new(t())("Marr Sans",{weight:600}),h=new(t())("Marr Sans Condensed",{weight:500}),u=new(t())("Marr Sans Condensed",{weight:600}),f=new(t())("Marr Sans Condensed",{weight:700});"undefined"==typeof Promise||sessionStorage.fontsFirst&&sessionStorage.fontsLast||Promise.all([r.load(),h.load()]).then((()=>{sessionStorage.fontsFirst=!0,document.documentElement.classList.add("fonts-loaded"),Promise.all([c.load(),u.load(),f.load(),d.load(),l.load(),i.load(),o.load(),s.load(),a.load()]).then((()=>{sessionStorage.fontsLast=!0}))}))})()})();</script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/en_continu.b6b2ab0edb5b357f.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/icons.bbcf966d1bb2d34d.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/icons.bbcf966d1bb2d34d.css"></noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/fonts_last.115ee91286054d55.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/fonts_last.115ee91286054d55.css"></noscript> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive"> <meta name="robots" content="max-video-preview:3"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1"> <title>Aude Dassonville’s latest articles for Le Monde</title> <meta name="description" content="See all of Aude Dassonville’s articles in Le Monde, Number 1 website for news. Newspaper articles and all the news, all the time: International, France, Society, Economy, Culture, Environment, etc."> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Le Monde.fr"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:title" content="See all of Aude Dassonville’s articles in Le Monde"> <meta property="og:description" content="See all of Aude Dassonville’s articles in Le Monde, Number 1 website for news. Newspaper articles and all the news, all the time: International, France, Society, Economy, Culture, Environment, etc."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://asset.lemde.fr/medias/img/social-network/default.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1880"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="984"> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@LeMonde_EN"> <meta property="twitter:url" content="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <meta property="twitter:title" content="See all of Aude Dassonville’s articles in Le Monde"> <meta property="twitter:description" content="See all of Aude Dassonville’s articles in Le Monde, Number 1 website for news. Newspaper articles and all the news, all the time: International, France, Society, Economy, Culture, Environment, etc."> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://s1.lemde.fr/medias/web/1.2.708/img/placeholder/default.png"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="166878320861"> <meta property="fb:page_id" content="14892757589"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/img/logos/favicon.e92b44c2b7f5c147.ico"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="/bucket/resources/front/static/img/logos/pwa-180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="/bucket/resources/front/static/img/logos/pwa-180.png"> <link rel="alternate" > <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="ads" data-gdpr-inline>// Ads by Google !function(C,O,U,R,I,E,T){ var q = (a) => {a = a || O; return C.createElement(a)}, t = (a) => {U[E] = {};U[E].a = a}, p = (u, e) => { var a = q(), b = C.querySelector(O); a.src = R + u; if (e) { a.onerror = () => t(T);a.onload = () => t(!T) }; b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b) }, d = () => { try { if (U[E].a) p(I + "/cidbmp/adv.js"); else { if (Math.random()>0.1) return; var a = q("img"); a.style = "display:none!important;"; a.src = R + I + "/dbabp/noa" + E + "?clientWidth=" + U.innerWidth + "&network=mpub&sa=10"; C.body.appendChild(a); } } catch (e) { setTimeout(d, 100); } }; p("pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9945624415527048", T); d(); }(document, "script", window, "https://", "storage.googleapis.com", "dblock", !0); </script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/vendor.3aee036b216e2a97.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/batch_load.7e7c6e51a1c07e71.js" async="1"></script> <script async id="ebx" src="//applets.ebxcdn.com/ebx.js"></script> <link href="https://mastodon.social/@lemonde" rel="me"> <script id="__EDGEE_DATA_LAYER__" type="application/json"> {"data_collection":{"events":[{"type":"page","data":[],"components":{"all":false}},{"type":"track","data":{"name":"page.edgee","properties":{"site_level2":"102","page_chapter1":"signataires","page_chapter2":"aude-dassonville","page_chapter3":"","page":"page_1","population":"gratuit","producteur":"edito","refresh":"false","consent":"not found","consent_at":"false","edition":"en"}}}]}} </script> <script>(function(){(function(){if(typeof window.Event!="function"){var e=function(t,r){r=r||{bubbles:!1,cancelable:!1};var o=document.createEvent("Event");return o.initEvent(t,r.bubbles,r.cancelable),o};e.prototype=window.Event.prototype,window.Event=e}})();var B={h:"{{safe}}",s:"c",a:"fbf281a203e6e8b951a9f7d3b1f258a8",p:"/_edgee/event",t:!1,ac:{pageview:"{{ac_pageview}}",spa_pageview:"{{ac_spa_pageview}}",engagement:"{{ac_engagement}}",click:"{{ac_click}}",scroll:"{{ac_scroll}}",form:"{{ac_form}}"},methods:["user","track","page","consent"],start_time:Date.now()},i=B;function w(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function G(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return w(e)}function Q(e){if(typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]!=null||e["@@iterator"]!=null)return Array.from(e)}function Y(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function h(e){return G(e)||Q(e)||Z(e)||Y()}function Z(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return w(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return w(e,n)}}function x(){var e={},n=window.location.search;if(!n||n.charAt(0)!=="?"||n.length<=1)return e;for(var t=n.slice(1),r=t.split("&"),o=0;o<r.length;o++){var a=r[o].split("="),c=decodeURIComponent(a[0]),l=a.length>1?decodeURIComponent(a[1]):"";e[c]||(e[c]=l)}return e}var y=function(){var e=x()._edgeedebug;if(e!==null){if(e==="true")return document.cookie="_edgeedebug=true; path=/",!0;if(e==="false")return document.cookie="_edgeedebug=false; path=/",!1}return document.cookie.indexOf("_edgeedebug=true")!==-1},d=function(){for(var e=arguments.length,n=new Array(e),t=0;t<e;t++)n[t]=arguments[t];if(console&&typeof console.log=="function"&&y()){var r;(r=console).log.apply(r,h(["%cEDGEE","display: inline-block; color: #61d2a3; background: #231A26; padding: 1px 4px; border-radius: 3px;"].concat(h(n))))}},m=function(){for(var e=arguments.length,n=new Array(e),t=0;t<e;t++)n[t]=arguments[t];if(console&&typeof console.error=="function"&&y()){var r;(r=console).error.apply(r,h(["%cEDGEE","display: inline-block; color: #CB134A; background: #231A26; padding: 1px 4px; border-radius: 3px;"].concat(h(n))))}},v=function(e){if(e.hasAttribute("data-edgee-no-autocapture")||e.classList.contains("edgee-no-autocapture"))return!0;for(var n=e.parentElement;n;){if(n.hasAttribute("data-edgee-no-autocapture")||n.classList.contains("edgee-no-autocapture"))return!0;n=n.parentElement}return!1};function X(e){var n=window.location.pathname;i.t&&(n=i.p),i.t&&typeof localStorage!="undefined"&&(localStorage.getItem("_edgee")&&(n=n+"?e="+localStorage.getItem("_edgee")),localStorage.getItem("_edgee_u")&&(n=n+"&u="+localStorage.getItem("_edgee_u")));var t=JSON.stringify(e),r={"Content-Type":"application/json",Authorization:"Bearer "+i.a};y()&&(r["Edgee-Debug"]="1"),i.h!=="unsafe"&&(typeof window.fetch=="function"?W(n,t,r):K(n,t,r))}function W(e,n,t){fetch(e,{method:"POST",headers:t,body:n}).then(function(r){return r.ok?r.text().then(function(o){return o?JSON.parse(o):[]}):[]}).then(function(r){return P(r)}).catch(function(r){m("Failed to send event to "+e+": "+r)})}function K(e,n,t){var r=new XMLHttpRequest;r.open("POST",e,!0);for(var o in t)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,o)&&r.setRequestHeader(o,t[o]);r.onreadystatechange=function(){if(r.readyState===4&&r.status===200)try{if(r.responseText.length>0){var a=JSON.parse(r.responseText);P(a)}}catch(c){m("Failed to parse response: "+c)}},r.onerror=function(){m("Failed to send event to "+e+": "+r.statusText)},r.send(n)}function P(e){var n=e;if(i.t&&typeof localStorage!="undefined"&&(e.e&&localStorage.setItem("_edgee",e.e),e.u&&localStorage.setItem("_edgee_u",e.u),e.events&&(n=e.events)),n.length>0)for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++)d("\u25CB "+n[t].type+" event (client):",n[t])}var s=X;function g(e){ee(function(n){var t=n!==null?JSON.parse(n.textContent):{};t.data_collection=t.data_collection||{},t.data_collection.context=t.data_collection.context||{},t.data_collection.events=t.data_collection.events||[],t.data_collection.context.client=t.data_collection.context.client||{};var r=Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone;r&&(t.data_collection.context.client.timezone=r);var o=window.screen?window.screen.width:0,a=window.screen?window.screen.height:0;o&&a&&(t.data_collection.context.client.screen_width=o,t.data_collection.context.client.screen_height=a);var c=window.devicePixelRatio;c&&(t.data_collection.context.client.screen_density=c);var l=x();t.data_collection.context.campaign=t.data_collection.context.campaign||{},l.utm_campaign&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.name=l.utm_campaign),l.utm_source&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.source=l.utm_source),l.utm_medium&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.medium=l.utm_medium),l.utm_term&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.term=l.utm_term),l.utm_content&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.content=l.utm_content),l.utm_creative_format&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.creative_format=l.utm_creative_format),l.utm_marketing_tactic&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.marketing_tactic=l.utm_marketing_tactic),Object.keys(t.data_collection.context.campaign).length||delete t.data_collection.context.campaign;var u;document.querySelector('link[rel="canonical"]')&&document.querySelector('link[rel="canonical"]').getAttribute("href")&&(u=document.querySelector('link[rel="canonical"]').getAttribute("href"),u.indexOf("https://")!==0&&u.indexOf("http://")!==0&&u.indexOf("//")!==0&&(u=window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.host+u));var f;if(u){f=u.replace(/^https?:\/\//,"");var J=f.split("/")[0];f=f.replace(J,""),f=f.split("?")[0]}if(t.data_collection.context.page=t.data_collection.context.page||{},t.data_collection.context.page.url||(u?t.data_collection.context.page.url=u:t.data_collection.context.page.url=window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.host+window.location.pathname+window.location.search),t.data_collection.context.page.path||(f?t.data_collection.context.page.path=f:t.data_collection.context.page.path=window.location.pathname),!t.data_collection.context.page.search&&window.location.search!==""&&(t.data_collection.context.page.search=window.location.search),t.data_collection.context.page.title||(t.data_collection.context.page.title=document.title),!t.data_collection.context.page.keywords){var A=document.querySelector('meta[name="keywords"]');if(A){var $=A.getAttribute("content");t.data_collection.context.page.keywords=$.split(",").map(function(_){return _.trim()})}}document.referrer&&(t.data_collection.context.page.referrer=document.referrer),window.navigator.userAgentData&&window.Promise?window.navigator.userAgentData.getHighEntropyValues(["architecture","bitness","model","platformVersion","fullVersionList"]).then(function(_){Object.assign(t.data_collection.context.client,{user_agent_architecture:_.architecture,user_agent_bitness:_.bitness,user_agent_model:_.model,os_version:_.platformVersion,user_agent_full_version_list:_.fullVersionList.map(function(E){return"".concat(E.brand,";").concat(E.version)}).join("|")}),e(t)}).catch(function(){return e(t)}):(t.data_collection.context.client.user_agent=window.navigator.userAgent||"",e(t))})}function ee(e){function n(){var t=document.getElementById("__EDGEE_DATA_LAYER__");t!==null?e(t):document.readyState==="complete"?e(null):document.onreadystatechange=function(){document.readyState==="complete"&&n()}}n()}function j(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function te(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return e}function ne(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function re(e,n){var t=e==null?null:typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]||e["@@iterator"];if(t!=null){var r=[],o=!0,a=!1,c,l;try{for(t=t.call(e);!(o=(c=t.next()).done)&&(r.push(c.value),!(n&&r.length===n));o=!0);}catch(u){a=!0,l=u}finally{try{!o&&t.return!=null&&t.return()}finally{if(a)throw l}}return r}}function oe(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function D(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=arguments[n]!=null?arguments[n]:{},r=Object.keys(t);typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols=="function"&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t).filter(function(o){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,o).enumerable}))),r.forEach(function(o){ne(e,o,t[o])})}return e}function ae(e,n){return te(e)||re(e,n)||ie(e,n)||oe()}function S(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function ie(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return j(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return j(e,n)}}function ce(e){g(function(n){n.data_collection.events=[];var t={};if(t.type="page",e&&(typeof e=="undefined"?"undefined":S(e))==="object"&&e.length!==0){var r=ae(e,2),o=r[0],a=r[1];typeof o=="string"?t.data=o:(typeof o=="undefined"?"undefined":S(o))==="object"&&(t.data=D({},n.data_collection.context.page,o)),(typeof a=="undefined"?"undefined":S(a))==="object"&&(t.components=D({},n.data_collection.components,a))}n.data_collection.events.push(t),s(n)})}var b=ce;function k(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function le(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return e}function ue(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function fe(e,n){var t=e==null?null:typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]||e["@@iterator"];if(t!=null){var r=[],o=!0,a=!1,c,l;try{for(t=t.call(e);!(o=(c=t.next()).done)&&(r.push(c.value),!(n&&r.length===n));o=!0);}catch(u){a=!0,l=u}finally{try{!o&&t.return!=null&&t.return()}finally{if(a)throw l}}return r}}function se(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function pe(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=arguments[n]!=null?arguments[n]:{},r=Object.keys(t);typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols=="function"&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t).filter(function(o){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,o).enumerable}))),r.forEach(function(o){ue(e,o,t[o])})}return e}function de(e,n){return le(e)||fe(e,n)||me(e,n)||se()}function I(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function me(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return k(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return k(e,n)}}function ge(e){var n="Event name is required to track an event";if(e.length===0){m(n);return}g(function(t){t.data_collection.events=[];var r={};r.type="track",r.data={};var o=de(e,2),a=o[0],c=o[1];if(typeof a=="string")r.data.name=a;else if((typeof a=="undefined"?"undefined":I(a))==="object"){if(!a.name){m(n);return}r.data=a}if(r.data.name===""){m(n);return}(typeof c=="undefined"?"undefined":I(c))==="object"&&(r.components=pe({},t.data_collection.components,c)),t.data_collection.events.push(r),s(t)})}var p=ge;function C(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function _e(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return e}function ye(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function ve(e,n){var t=e==null?null:typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]||e["@@iterator"];if(t!=null){var r=[],o=!0,a=!1,c,l;try{for(t=t.call(e);!(o=(c=t.next()).done)&&(r.push(c.value),!(n&&r.length===n));o=!0);}catch(u){a=!0,l=u}finally{try{!o&&t.return!=null&&t.return()}finally{if(a)throw l}}return r}}function he(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function H(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=arguments[n]!=null?arguments[n]:{},r=Object.keys(t);typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols=="function"&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t).filter(function(o){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,o).enumerable}))),r.forEach(function(o){ye(e,o,t[o])})}return e}function be(e,n){return _e(e)||ve(e,n)||we(e,n)||he()}function O(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function we(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return C(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return C(e,n)}}function xe(e){g(function(n){n.data_collection.events=[];var t={};if(t.type="user",t.data={},e&&(typeof e=="undefined"?"undefined":O(e))==="object"&&e.length!==0){var r=be(e,2),o=r[0],a=r[1];typeof o=="string"?t.data.userId=o:(typeof o=="undefined"?"undefined":O(o))==="object"&&(t.data=H({},n.data_collection.context.user,o)),(typeof a=="undefined"?"undefined":O(a))==="object"&&(t.components=H({},n.data_collection.components,a))}n.data_collection.events.push(t),s(n)})}var T=xe;function Se(e){var n={};n.data_collection={},e[0]&&typeof e[0]=="string"&&(n.data_collection.consent=e[0]),s(n),d("- Consent set to:",n.data_collection.consent)}var L=Se;function Oe(){g(function(e){if(e.data_collection.events.length===0&&i.ac.pageview!="n"){var n={};n.type="page",e.data_collection.events.push(n)}s(e)})}var N=Oe;function Ae(){var e=["a","button","form","input","select","textarea","label"];document.addEventListener("click",function(n){var t=n.target;if(!v(t)&&e.includes(t.tagName.toLowerCase())){var r={name:"click",properties:{"target-tag":t.tagName,"target-id":t.id,"target-class":t.className,"target-text":t.innerText,"target-href":t.href,"target-value":t.value}};i.ac.engagement=="y"&&(r.properties.engagement_time=Date.now()-i.start_time),p([r])}})}var q=Ae;function Ee(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function Pe(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=arguments[n]!=null?arguments[n]:{},r=Object.keys(t);typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols=="function"&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t).filter(function(o){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,o).enumerable}))),r.forEach(function(o){Ee(e,o,t[o])})}return e}function je(e){var n=/^cc|cardnum|ccnum|creditcard|csc|cvc|cvv|exp|pass|pwd|routing|seccode|securitycode|securitynum|socialsec|socsec|ssn/i;return!!n.test(e.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/g,""))}function De(){document.addEventListener("submit",function(e){var n=e.target;if(!v(n)){var t=Array.from(n.elements).filter(function(o){return o.name}).filter(function(o){return!v(o)}).filter(function(o){return o.type!=="password"||o.type!=="hidden"}).filter(function(o){return!je(o.name)}).reduce(function(o,a,c){return o["field".concat(c+1,"-name")]=a.name,o["field".concat(c+1,"-value")]=a.value,o},[]),r={name:"form_submission",properties:Pe({action:n.action,method:n.method},t)};i.ac.engagement=="y"&&(r.properties.engagement_time=Date.now()-i.start_time),p([r])}})}var V=De;function ke(){var e=function(){b(),i.start_time=Date.now()};history.pushState=function(n){return function(){var r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e(),r}}(history.pushState),history.replaceState=function(n){return function(){var r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e(),r}}(history.replaceState),window.addEventListener("popstate",e)}var R=ke;function Ie(){var e=0;window.addEventListener("scroll",function(){var n=(window.scrollY+window.innerHeight)/document.body.scrollHeight,t=Math.floor(n*100);if(t>=e+5&&t%5==0){e=t;var r={name:"scroll",properties:{depth:t+"%"}};i.ac.engagement=="y"&&(r.properties.engagement_time=Date.now()-i.start_time),p([r])}})}var z=Ie;function Ce(){function e(){var n=Date.now()-i.start_time;if(n>0){var t={name:"user_engagement",properties:{engagement_time:n}};p([t])}}document.addEventListener("visibilitychange",function(){document.visibilityState==="hidden"&&e()}),window.addEventListener("beforeunload",e)}var F=Ce;function He(){i.ac.spa_pageview=="y"&&R(),i.ac.engagement=="y"&&F(),i.ac.click=="y"&&q(),i.ac.form=="y"&&V(),i.ac.scroll=="y"&&z()}var M=He;function Te(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function Le(){var e=window.edgee=window.edgee||[];if(e.load)return;e.load=!0,e.factory=function(u){return function(){var f=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);return l(u,f),e}};for(var n=0;n<i.methods.length;n++){var t=i.methods[n];e[t]=e.factory(t)}var r=document.currentScript;y()&&d("Edgee SDK initialized with debug mode");var o=r==null?void 0:r.src;if(o&&(o.indexOf("http://")===0||o.indexOf("https://")===0||o.indexOf("//")===0)){o=o.replace("https://",""),o=o.replace("http://",""),o=o.replace(/^\/\//,"");var a=o.split("/")[0];a!==window.location.host&&(i.t=!0,i.p="https://".concat(a,"/_edgee/csevent"),i.s="c",d("Edgee SDK used as third party. Event path set to "+i.p))}if(i.s!=="e")N();else if(Te(window._edgee_events)==="object"&&window._edgee_events.length>0)for(var c=0;c<window._edgee_events.length;c++)d("\u25C9 ".concat(window._edgee_events[c].type," event (edge):"),window._edgee_events[c]);window.dispatchEvent(new Event("edgee:loaded")),M();function l(u,f){u==="page"?b(f):u==="track"?p(f):u==="user"?T(f):u==="consent"&&L(f)}}var U=Le;window.edgee||U();})();</script> </head> <body id="js-body" class=" lmd-lang-en "> <svg style="display: none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <symbol id="lmd-icon-m-abo" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="#FFC700" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"/> <path fill="#2A303C" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M19.0334 7.94603c-.6672.41266-.8891.96964-.8891 1.8309v6.87167c0 .4318.0516.6279.2734.7544l.2223.126.6144-.3781.2055.4319-2.135 1.3462-.7339-.5213c-.3254-.2332-.4626-.5205-.4626-1.077v-6.1364c0-1.1479.3427-1.75888.8208-2.13496l.2734-.21526-2.0151-1.23889-.9049.57392v8.93659c0 .7535-.1023.8614-.7352 1.202 0 0-.4944.2517-1.1763.6284h-.1369V9.04126c0-.48401-.052-.59246-.308-.80746l-.7165-.60987-.8714.51971v5.13266c0 .8967-.1363 1.5427-.81943 1.9908l-1.70718 1.1308-.17178-.3045c.5301-.4314.64919-1.0422.64919-1.7595V9.09481c0-.77182-.10147-1.07651-.87079-.93284-.28999.05305-.73409.12536-1.0073.16102-1.12746.16195-1.60596-.68167-.83729-1.74008 0 0 .18834-.26927.66617-.91592l.37662.26992-.27408.41267c-.35833.53914-.06815.826.51289.60984.273-.10774.80201-.32233 1.17776-.4847 1.62165-.6634 2.21992.43117 2.30522 1.07738l2.0157-1.27412 1.7403 1.39904 2.1513-1.39904 1.6569.98726c.5632.33995.8366.19674 1.2295-.01897l.3246-.17911.2558.4488-.699.43007ZM8.4972 18.9461c-.17068-.5032-.66551-1.0232-1.55395-1.0589-.83727-.018-2.03265.3235-3.02231 1.1131l-.18852-.2516c.71773-.8258 2.39118-2.153 4.14955-2.1715.92283 0 1.57157.3235 2.03265.8438l.76888-.449.2221.4671-2.4084 1.507Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-nav-arrow" viewBox="0 0 7 12"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M5.62 11.77.24 6.55C.16 6.48.11 6.39.06 6.3.02 6.2 0 6.1 0 6s.02-.2.06-.3c.04-.1.1-.18.18-.25L5.62.23c.15-.15.36-.23.57-.23s.42.08.57.23c.15.15.24.35.24.55s-.09.41-.24.55L1.95 6l4.81 4.66c.15.15.24.35.24.55s-.09.41-.24.55c-.15.15-.36.23-.57.23s-.42-.08-.57-.23Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-phosphor-bookmark-simple-regular" viewBox="0 0 256 256"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M184,32H72A16,16,0,0,0,56,48V224a8,8,0,0,0,12.24,6.78L128,193.43l59.77,37.35A8,8,0,0,0,200,224V48A16,16,0,0,0,184,32Zm0,177.57-51.77-32.35a8,8,0,0,0-8.48,0L72,209.57V48H184Z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-phosphor-bookmark-simple-fill" viewBox="0 0 256 256"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M184,32H72A16,16,0,0,0,56,48V224a8,8,0,0,0,12.24,6.78L128,193.43l59.77,37.35A8,8,0,0,0,200,224V48A16,16,0,0,0,184,32Z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-phosphor-timer-regular" viewBox="0 0 256 256"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M128,40a96,96,0,1,0,96,96A96.11,96.11,0,0,0,128,40Zm0,176a80,80,0,1,1,80-80A80.09,80.09,0,0,1,128,216ZM173.66,90.34a8,8,0,0,1,0,11.32l-40,40a8,8,0,0,1-11.32-11.32l40-40A8,8,0,0,1,173.66,90.34ZM96,16a8,8,0,0,1,8-8h48a8,8,0,0,1,0,16H104A8,8,0,0,1,96,16Z"></path> </symbol> </svg> <div id="cover" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp-unloaded" data-format="cover" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div id="Header" class=" old__header"> <header class="Header"> <div class="left"> <p class="Header__englishdate"> <strong class="date">Tuesday, April 01, 2025</strong> <br/> <span>7:17 am (Paris)</span> </p> <button id="Burger-mobile" class="Burger js-nav-burger"> <span class="Burger__icon"> <span class="sr-only">Navigation</span> </span> </button> </div> <div class="center"> <div class="Header__logo"> <a href="/en/"> <div class="logo__lemonde logo--full"></div> <span class="sr-only">Go Back to the HomePage</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="Header__actions Header__actions--desktop old__header-actions-right"> <a class="Header__connexion js-header-login" href="https://secure.lemonde.fr/sfuser/connexion"> <span class="icon__nav-connexion"> <span class="sr-only">Sign in</span> </span> <span class="login-info">Sign in</span> </a> <a href="https://abo.lemonde.fr/en/" class="Header__subscription btn btn--premium js-btn-premium">Subscribe</a> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div class="Header__nav-container"> <nav id="Nav" class="Nav Nav--free lmd-u-shadow" data-sticky="0" data-is-home=0> <div id="nav-desktop" class="wrapper Nav--hidden"> <ul id="nav-markup" class=""> <li class="Nav__item js-burger-to-show Nav__item--hide"> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item-home Nav__item--extended"> <a href="/en/" class="Burger__right-arrow" data-target="a-la-une"> <span class="icon__home"></span> <span class="js-burger-to-show">Home</span> <span class="sr-only">Go Back to the HomePage</span> </a> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable Nav__item-actualites"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown Burger__right-arrow" data-target="news" role="button" aria-expanded="false">News</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open Nav__sub-item-actualites"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left"> <span>In the news</span> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-pen-s-fake-jobs-trial/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Le Pen's trial</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/war-in-ukraine/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">War in Ukraine</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/donald-trump/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Donald Trump</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/diplomacy/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Diplomacy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/israel-hamas-war/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Israel-Hamas war</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Emmanuel Macron</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right Nav__container--mobile"> <span> All sections </span> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--list old__nav-content-list"> <ul class="old__nav-content-list-container"> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/global-issues/">Global issues</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/">Economy</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/environment/">Environment</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/science/">Science</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/investigations/">Investigations</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/">Magazine</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/obituaries/">Obituaries</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/food/">Food</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sports/">Sports</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/">Lifestyle</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/">Culture</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/intimacy/">Intimacy</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pixels/">Pixels</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/">Les Décodeurs</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/religions/">Religion</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/">About Us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="World" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">World</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/" class="Nav__sub-title">World</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/united-states/"> United States </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/"> Africa </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/middle-east/"> Middle East </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/asia-and-pacific/"> Asia and Pacific </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/letter-from/"> Letters from </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/04/01/hungarians-don-t-see-russia-as-a-threat_6739726_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/27/0/0/1023/682/360/0/95/0/f94bd22_sirius-fs-upload-1-gjjy4kvyjhaj-1743096427716-000-34uj7tp.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/27/0/0/1023/682/180/0/95/0/f94bd22_sirius-fs-upload-1-gjjy4kvyjhaj-1743096427716-000-34uj7tp.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/27/0/0/1023/682/360/0/95/0/f94bd22_sirius-fs-upload-1-gjjy4kvyjhaj-1743096427716-000-34uj7tp.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/27/0/0/1023/682/180/0/95/0/f94bd22_sirius-fs-upload-1-gjjy4kvyjhaj-1743096427716-000-34uj7tp.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Hungarians don't see Russia as a threat</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/04/01/in-mexico-city-the-disillusion-of-migrants-after-the-us-border-s-closure_6739724_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/23/0/0/6183/4122/360/0/95/0/142b16b_sirius-fs-upload-1-idjv0finjabj-1742693930983-migrantsmex-jguillemard-17.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/23/0/0/6183/4122/180/0/95/0/142b16b_sirius-fs-upload-1-idjv0finjabj-1742693930983-migrantsmex-jguillemard-17.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Jesus, 26, from Venezuela, next to the shack where he lives in the Plaza de la Soledad camp, Mexico City, March 22, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/23/0/0/6183/4122/360/0/95/0/142b16b_sirius-fs-upload-1-idjv0finjabj-1742693930983-migrantsmex-jguillemard-17.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/23/0/0/6183/4122/180/0/95/0/142b16b_sirius-fs-upload-1-idjv0finjabj-1742693930983-migrantsmex-jguillemard-17.jpg" alt="Jesus, 26, from Venezuela, next to the shack where he lives in the Plaza de la Soledad camp, Mexico City, March 22, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">In Mexico City, the disillusion of migrants after the US border's closure</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/03/31/in-turkey-we-are-no-longer-afraid-to-speak-out-about-the-things-that-have-become-unbearable-for-us_6739708_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/29/0/0/7549/5033/360/0/95/0/aa77e84_ftp-import-images-1-q6w8tc4ejeoi-5460837-01-06.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/29/0/0/7549/5033/180/0/95/0/aa77e84_ftp-import-images-1-q6w8tc4ejeoi-5460837-01-06.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/29/0/0/7549/5033/360/0/95/0/aa77e84_ftp-import-images-1-q6w8tc4ejeoi-5460837-01-06.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/29/0/0/7549/5033/180/0/95/0/aa77e84_ftp-import-images-1-q6w8tc4ejeoi-5460837-01-06.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">In Turkey, 'We are no longer afraid to speak out about the things that have become unbearable for us'</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/03/31/war-in-ukraine-some-of-the-last-residents-near-the-russian-border-evacuate-under-the-threat-of-bombs_6739688_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/24/2/0/4000/2666/360/0/95/0/043ff64_sirius-fs-upload-1-c7tpi4k1lttk-1742775301641-krasnopillia-23.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/24/2/0/4000/2666/180/0/95/0/043ff64_sirius-fs-upload-1-c7tpi4k1lttk-1742775301641-krasnopillia-23.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/24/2/0/4000/2666/360/0/95/0/043ff64_sirius-fs-upload-1-c7tpi4k1lttk-1742775301641-krasnopillia-23.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/24/2/0/4000/2666/180/0/95/0/043ff64_sirius-fs-upload-1-c7tpi4k1lttk-1742775301641-krasnopillia-23.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Last Ukrainian residents near the Russian border evacuate under the threat of bombs</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="Europe" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">Europe</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/europe/" class="Nav__sub-title">Europe</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/european-union/"> European Union </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/united-kingdom/"> United Kingdom </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/war-in-ukraine/"> War in Ukraine </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/europe/article/2025/03/26/ngos-contribute-to-the-effective-functioning-of-democracy-silencing-them-will-not-make-the-environmental-crisis-go-away_6739541_143.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/10/08/0/0/5280/3520/360/0/95/0/def5995_5904931-01-06.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/10/08/0/0/5280/3520/180/0/95/0/def5995_5904931-01-06.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="The flooded streets of Glucholazy, southern Poland, in September 2024."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/10/08/0/0/5280/3520/360/0/95/0/def5995_5904931-01-06.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/10/08/0/0/5280/3520/180/0/95/0/def5995_5904931-01-06.jpg" alt="The flooded streets of Glucholazy, southern Poland, in September 2024."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Europe</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">'NGOs contribute to the effective functioning of democracy, silencing them will not make the environmental crisis go away'</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/03/20/on-defense-and-ukraine-european-nations-still-have-no-consensus_6739342_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/5/1995/1330/360/0/95/0/4b9712d_sirius-fs-upload-1-nu4cse2alhmy-1742312360291-kzihnioglu-macron-luxeuil-7.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/5/1995/1330/180/0/95/0/4b9712d_sirius-fs-upload-1-nu4cse2alhmy-1742312360291-kzihnioglu-macron-luxeuil-7.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/5/1995/1330/360/0/95/0/4b9712d_sirius-fs-upload-1-nu4cse2alhmy-1742312360291-kzihnioglu-macron-luxeuil-7.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/5/1995/1330/180/0/95/0/4b9712d_sirius-fs-upload-1-nu4cse2alhmy-1742312360291-kzihnioglu-macron-luxeuil-7.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">On defense and Ukraine, European nations still have no consensus</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/europe/article/2025/03/19/six-dead-40-missing-after-migrant-shipwreck-off-italian-coast_6739319_143.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/09/22/1/0/4000/2666/360/0/95/0/42bd420_1695393700426-88a2725.jpeg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/09/22/1/0/4000/2666/180/0/95/0/42bd420_1695393700426-88a2725.jpeg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/09/22/1/0/4000/2666/360/0/95/0/42bd420_1695393700426-88a2725.jpeg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/09/22/1/0/4000/2666/180/0/95/0/42bd420_1695393700426-88a2725.jpeg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Europe</div> <p class="article__title">Six dead, 40 missing after migrant shipwreck off Italian coast</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/03/16/europe-must-take-up-the-torch-of-the-free-world_6739216_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/16/0/0/5696/3797/360/0/95/0/bed5fc7_sirius-fs-upload-1-cdxvggivezax-1742140512499-bed5fc7-sirius-fs-upload-1-ztroc5lkgzgd-1742036042188-504348.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/16/0/0/5696/3797/180/0/95/0/bed5fc7_sirius-fs-upload-1-cdxvggivezax-1742140512499-bed5fc7-sirius-fs-upload-1-ztroc5lkgzgd-1742036042188-504348.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/16/0/0/5696/3797/360/0/95/0/bed5fc7_sirius-fs-upload-1-cdxvggivezax-1742140512499-bed5fc7-sirius-fs-upload-1-ztroc5lkgzgd-1742036042188-504348.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/16/0/0/5696/3797/180/0/95/0/bed5fc7_sirius-fs-upload-1-cdxvggivezax-1742140512499-bed5fc7-sirius-fs-upload-1-ztroc5lkgzgd-1742036042188-504348.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">'Europe must take up the torch of the free world'</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="France" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">France</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/" class="Nav__sub-title">France</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/"> French Politics </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/"> Emmanuel Macron </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/paris/"> Paris </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/03/31/french-far-right-leader-marine-le-pen-found-guilty-of-embezzlement-of-public-funds_6739685_7.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/3753/2502/360/0/95/0/eceafc1_ftp-import-images-1-0yely51ggn4z-5478379-01-06.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/3753/2502/180/0/95/0/eceafc1_ftp-import-images-1-0yely51ggn4z-5478379-01-06.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Marine Le Pen at the Paris courthouse on March 31, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/3753/2502/360/0/95/0/eceafc1_ftp-import-images-1-0yely51ggn4z-5478379-01-06.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/3753/2502/180/0/95/0/eceafc1_ftp-import-images-1-0yely51ggn4z-5478379-01-06.jpg" alt="Marine Le Pen at the Paris courthouse on March 31, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">France</div> <p class="article__title">Three-time presidential candidate will appeal</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2025/03/31/us-letter-demanding-compliance-with-anti-diversity-policy-is-an-attempt-at-a-moral-takeover-of-french-companies_6739713_19.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/4195/2797/360/0/95/0/db49334_sirius-fs-upload-1-f2k2o2ygizzq-1743409197052-000-d67el.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/4195/2797/180/0/95/0/db49334_sirius-fs-upload-1-f2k2o2ygizzq-1743409197052-000-d67el.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Aerial view of the US embassy in Paris, June 14, 2016."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/4195/2797/360/0/95/0/db49334_sirius-fs-upload-1-f2k2o2ygizzq-1743409197052-000-d67el.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/4195/2797/180/0/95/0/db49334_sirius-fs-upload-1-f2k2o2ygizzq-1743409197052-000-d67el.jpg" alt="Aerial view of the US embassy in Paris, June 14, 2016."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Economy</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">US letter demanding compliance with anti-diversity policy is 'an attempt at a moral takeover of French companies'</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/03/31/are-france-s-rearmament-efforts-threatening-its-social-model_6739703_7.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/0/0/5899/3933/360/0/95/0/1969f15_sirius-fs-upload-1-ibw9tv93g65p-1742911591865-jmug250320002.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/0/0/5899/3933/180/0/95/0/1969f15_sirius-fs-upload-1-ibw9tv93g65p-1742911591865-jmug250320002.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/0/0/5899/3933/360/0/95/0/1969f15_sirius-fs-upload-1-ibw9tv93g65p-1742911591865-jmug250320002.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/0/0/5899/3933/180/0/95/0/1969f15_sirius-fs-upload-1-ibw9tv93g65p-1742911591865-jmug250320002.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">France</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Are France's rearmament efforts threatening its social model?</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2025/03/31/donald-trump-puts-lvmh-to-the-test-with-his-tariffs_6739677_19.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/29/0/246/5691/3794/360/0/95/0/585641c_sirius-fs-upload-1-6t0rneez9qob-1743238506527-2019-10-17t224218z-1457129659-rc16917705c0-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/29/0/246/5691/3794/180/0/95/0/585641c_sirius-fs-upload-1-6t0rneez9qob-1743238506527-2019-10-17t224218z-1457129659-rc16917705c0-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/29/0/246/5691/3794/360/0/95/0/585641c_sirius-fs-upload-1-6t0rneez9qob-1743238506527-2019-10-17t224218z-1457129659-rc16917705c0-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/29/0/246/5691/3794/180/0/95/0/585641c_sirius-fs-upload-1-6t0rneez9qob-1743238506527-2019-10-17t224218z-1457129659-rc16917705c0-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Economy</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Donald Trump puts LVMH to the test with his tariffs</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="Videos" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">Videos</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/" class="Nav__sub-title">Videos</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/video-investigations/"> Investigations </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/explainer-videos/"> Explainers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/03/25/how-the-trump-administration-is-attacking-scientific-research-in-the-us_6739512_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/150/1620/1080/360/0/95/0/c2e447c_sirius-fs-upload-1-9yj0q72zvad0-1742381918311-00-tile-02-0-00-05-05.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/150/1620/1080/180/0/95/0/c2e447c_sirius-fs-upload-1-9yj0q72zvad0-1742381918311-00-tile-02-0-00-05-05.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/150/1620/1080/360/0/95/0/c2e447c_sirius-fs-upload-1-9yj0q72zvad0-1742381918311-00-tile-02-0-00-05-05.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/150/1620/1080/180/0/95/0/c2e447c_sirius-fs-upload-1-9yj0q72zvad0-1742381918311-00-tile-02-0-00-05-05.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">How the Trump administration is attacking scientific research in the US</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/03/20/tesla-cars-set-on-fire-in-las-vegas-as-calls-to-boycott-musk-s-company-grow-worldwide_6739360_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/207/343/530/353/360/0/95/0/66c896d_sirius-fs-upload-1-c865dmkurw37-1742462054375-tesla-2-mp4-00-00-02-21-still002.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/207/343/530/353/180/0/95/0/66c896d_sirius-fs-upload-1-c865dmkurw37-1742462054375-tesla-2-mp4-00-00-02-21-still002.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Several Tesla cars were set on fire in Las Vegas on Tuesday, March 18, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/207/343/530/353/360/0/95/0/66c896d_sirius-fs-upload-1-c865dmkurw37-1742462054375-tesla-2-mp4-00-00-02-21-still002.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/207/343/530/353/180/0/95/0/66c896d_sirius-fs-upload-1-c865dmkurw37-1742462054375-tesla-2-mp4-00-00-02-21-still002.jpg" alt="Several Tesla cars were set on fire in Las Vegas on Tuesday, March 18, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">Tesla cars set on fire in Las Vegas as calls to boycott Musk's company grow worldwide</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/03/13/can-france-s-nuclear-deterrent-protect-europe_6739121_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/12/167/0/2500/1666/360/0/95/0/153881b_sirius-fs-upload-1-itvzux0bwejx-1741790051027-000-dv474130.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/12/167/0/2500/1666/180/0/95/0/153881b_sirius-fs-upload-1-itvzux0bwejx-1741790051027-000-dv474130.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/12/167/0/2500/1666/360/0/95/0/153881b_sirius-fs-upload-1-itvzux0bwejx-1741790051027-000-dv474130.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/12/167/0/2500/1666/180/0/95/0/153881b_sirius-fs-upload-1-itvzux0bwejx-1741790051027-000-dv474130.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">Can France's nuclear deterrent protect Europe?</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/03/11/video-moscow-targeted-by-massive-ukrainian-drone-attack_6739034_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/11/0/57/5104/3403/360/0/95/0/4ea2049_ftp-import-images-1-tyh1jtbud5v4-2025-03-11t101747z-166791423-rc2wadairvxd-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-attack-moscow.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/11/0/57/5104/3403/180/0/95/0/4ea2049_ftp-import-images-1-tyh1jtbud5v4-2025-03-11t101747z-166791423-rc2wadairvxd-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-attack-moscow.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/11/0/57/5104/3403/360/0/95/0/4ea2049_ftp-import-images-1-tyh1jtbud5v4-2025-03-11t101747z-166791423-rc2wadairvxd-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-attack-moscow.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/11/0/57/5104/3403/180/0/95/0/4ea2049_ftp-import-images-1-tyh1jtbud5v4-2025-03-11t101747z-166791423-rc2wadairvxd-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-attack-moscow.JPG" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">Video: Moscow targeted by 'massive' Ukrainian drone attack</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="Opinion" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">Opinion</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/" class="Nav__sub-title">Opinion</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/editorials/"> Editorials </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/columns/"> Columns </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/op-eds/"> Op-Eds </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/analysis/"> Analysis </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/04/01/donald-trump-rekindles-ties-between-canada-and-europe_6739717_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/5500/3666/360/0/95/0/494045f_ftp-import-images-1-1bbd9icd096m-2025-03-17t112837z-137061850-rc2zeda8pkqe-rtrmadp-3-france-canada.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/5500/3666/180/0/95/0/494045f_ftp-import-images-1-1bbd9icd096m-2025-03-17t112837z-137061850-rc2zeda8pkqe-rtrmadp-3-france-canada.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney and French President Emmanuel Macron at the Elysée Palace in Paris on March 17, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/5500/3666/360/0/95/0/494045f_ftp-import-images-1-1bbd9icd096m-2025-03-17t112837z-137061850-rc2zeda8pkqe-rtrmadp-3-france-canada.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/5500/3666/180/0/95/0/494045f_ftp-import-images-1-1bbd9icd096m-2025-03-17t112837z-137061850-rc2zeda8pkqe-rtrmadp-3-france-canada.JPG" alt="Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney and French President Emmanuel Macron at the Elysée Palace in Paris on March 17, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Donald Trump rekindles ties between Canada and Europe</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/04/01/what-the-convictions-of-sarkozy-and-le-pen-have-in-common-media-and-political-attacks-against-the-courts_6739725_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/6192/4128/360/0/95/0/5f477a7_ftp-import-images-1-ciwooqgfjbue-5482132-01-06.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/6192/4128/180/0/95/0/5f477a7_ftp-import-images-1-ciwooqgfjbue-5482132-01-06.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="President of the far-right Rassemblement National (RN) parliamentary group Marine Le Pen during a televised interview broadcasted on March 31, 2025. "> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/6192/4128/360/0/95/0/5f477a7_ftp-import-images-1-ciwooqgfjbue-5482132-01-06.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/31/0/0/6192/4128/180/0/95/0/5f477a7_ftp-import-images-1-ciwooqgfjbue-5482132-01-06.jpg" alt="President of the far-right Rassemblement National (RN) parliamentary group Marine Le Pen during a televised interview broadcasted on March 31, 2025. "></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">What the convictions of Sarkozy and Le Pen have in common: Media and political attacks against the courts</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/03/31/strategic-independence-and-fragile-alliances-charles-de-gaulle-s-two-prophecies_6739693_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/11/5058/3372/360/0/95/0/5962cbe_sirius-fs-upload-1-kcd1hrgfkbel-1742573565508-000-arp2531564.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/11/5058/3372/180/0/95/0/5962cbe_sirius-fs-upload-1-kcd1hrgfkbel-1742573565508-000-arp2531564.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="French President Charles de Gaulle at a press conference in Paris on November 10, 1959."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/11/5058/3372/360/0/95/0/5962cbe_sirius-fs-upload-1-kcd1hrgfkbel-1742573565508-000-arp2531564.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/11/5058/3372/180/0/95/0/5962cbe_sirius-fs-upload-1-kcd1hrgfkbel-1742573565508-000-arp2531564.jpg" alt="French President Charles de Gaulle at a press conference in Paris on November 10, 1959."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Strategic independence and fragile alliances: Charles de Gaulle's two prophecies</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/03/31/six-ukrainian-mps-a-significant-increase-in-french-aid-to-ukraine-would-be-an-act-of-greatness-an-act-of-gaullism_6739676_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/09/30/0/130/7392/4928/360/0/95/0/02c9595_1664567188059-000-32cm2tq.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/09/30/0/130/7392/4928/180/0/95/0/02c9595_1664567188059-000-32cm2tq.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="The Ukrainian president, Volodymyr Zelensky, and his French counterpart, Emmanuel Macron, in Kyiv, on June 16, 2022."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/09/30/0/130/7392/4928/360/0/95/0/02c9595_1664567188059-000-32cm2tq.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/09/30/0/130/7392/4928/180/0/95/0/02c9595_1664567188059-000-32cm2tq.jpg" alt="The Ukrainian president, Volodymyr Zelensky, and his French counterpart, Emmanuel Macron, in Kyiv, on June 16, 2022."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Six Ukrainian MPs: 'A significant increase in French aid to Ukraine would be an act of greatness, an act of Gaullism'</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target=" M Magazine" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0"> M Magazine</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/" class="Nav__sub-title"> M Magazine</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/"> Lifestyle </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/fashion/"> Fashion </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/does-anyone-care/"> Does anyone care? </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/03/29/after-14-years-of-war-syrians-rediscover-the-sweetness-of-bakdash-ice-cream_6739647_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/04/0/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/d87941d_ftp-import-images-1-3ghpaqoxxt63-372083-3411382.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/04/0/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/d87941d_ftp-import-images-1-3ghpaqoxxt63-372083-3411382.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Bakdash glacier workers in the heart of Damascus's Al-Hamidiyah souk on February 19, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/04/0/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/d87941d_ftp-import-images-1-3ghpaqoxxt63-372083-3411382.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/04/0/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/d87941d_ftp-import-images-1-3ghpaqoxxt63-372083-3411382.jpg" alt="Bakdash glacier workers in the heart of Damascus's Al-Hamidiyah souk on February 19, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">After 14 years of war, Syrians rediscover the sweetness of Bakdash ice cream</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/03/29/in-the-bahamas-and-turks-and-caicos-islands-starship-rockets-cause-new-pollution_6739646_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/07/0/0/1543/1028/360/0/95/0/79dba8d_ftp-import-images-1-xqenfot3gxoc-2025-03-07t014316z-1644833646-rc228daz4ek6-rtrmadp-3-space-exploration-spacex-aviation.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/07/0/0/1543/1028/180/0/95/0/79dba8d_ftp-import-images-1-xqenfot3gxoc-2025-03-07t014316z-1644833646-rc228daz4ek6-rtrmadp-3-space-exploration-spacex-aviation.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/07/0/0/1543/1028/360/0/95/0/79dba8d_ftp-import-images-1-xqenfot3gxoc-2025-03-07t014316z-1644833646-rc228daz4ek6-rtrmadp-3-space-exploration-spacex-aviation.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/07/0/0/1543/1028/180/0/95/0/79dba8d_ftp-import-images-1-xqenfot3gxoc-2025-03-07t014316z-1644833646-rc228daz4ek6-rtrmadp-3-space-exploration-spacex-aviation.JPG" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">In the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands, Starship rockets create new pollution</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/03/22/in-peru-culture-is-under-censorship_6739408_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/6520/4346/360/0/95/0/478b81b_ftp-import-images-1-t9irlnbnvdf0-3628cb7f748a420ab1e6d9f63a1d3695-0-3b2594d18586495bb5d99da58dd3b22b.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/6520/4346/180/0/95/0/478b81b_ftp-import-images-1-t9irlnbnvdf0-3628cb7f748a420ab1e6d9f63a1d3695-0-3b2594d18586495bb5d99da58dd3b22b.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Peruvian President Dina Boluarte speaks at the government palace in Lima, on Jan. 29, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/6520/4346/360/0/95/0/478b81b_ftp-import-images-1-t9irlnbnvdf0-3628cb7f748a420ab1e6d9f63a1d3695-0-3b2594d18586495bb5d99da58dd3b22b.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/6520/4346/180/0/95/0/478b81b_ftp-import-images-1-t9irlnbnvdf0-3628cb7f748a420ab1e6d9f63a1d3695-0-3b2594d18586495bb5d99da58dd3b22b.jpg" alt="Peruvian President Dina Boluarte speaks at the government palace in Lima, on Jan. 29, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">In Peru, culture is under censorship</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/03/21/melanie-joly-the-canadian-minister-standing-up-to-the-trump-administration_6739403_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/118/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/87049f2_ftp-import-images-1-rdwlpkney1az-374373-3414649.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/118/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/87049f2_ftp-import-images-1-rdwlpkney1az-374373-3414649.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Mélanie Joly at a press conference in Ottawa, March 12, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/118/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/87049f2_ftp-import-images-1-rdwlpkney1az-374373-3414649.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/118/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/87049f2_ftp-import-images-1-rdwlpkney1az-374373-3414649.jpg" alt="Mélanie Joly at a press conference in Ottawa, March 12, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Mélanie Joly, the Canadian minister standing up to the Trump administration</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="French Delights" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">French Delights</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/french-delights/" class="Nav__sub-title">French Delights</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/exhibitions/"> Exhibitions </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/gastronomie/"> Gastronomy </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/"> Culture </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/article/2025/03/29/wes-anderson-s-childhood-memories-explored-in-paris-exhibition_6739649_30.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/26/97/0/3543/2362/360/0/95/0/7d4ccb1_sirius-fs-upload-1-roqadim16ikk-1742980819669-3128190-photographie-stei-phane-dabrowski-la-cinei-mathei-que-franci-aise.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/26/97/0/3543/2362/180/0/95/0/7d4ccb1_sirius-fs-upload-1-roqadim16ikk-1742980819669-3128190-photographie-stei-phane-dabrowski-la-cinei-mathei-que-franci-aise.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="View of the Wes Anderson exhibition at La Cinémathèque Française, Paris, March 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/26/97/0/3543/2362/360/0/95/0/7d4ccb1_sirius-fs-upload-1-roqadim16ikk-1742980819669-3128190-photographie-stei-phane-dabrowski-la-cinei-mathei-que-franci-aise.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/26/97/0/3543/2362/180/0/95/0/7d4ccb1_sirius-fs-upload-1-roqadim16ikk-1742980819669-3128190-photographie-stei-phane-dabrowski-la-cinei-mathei-que-franci-aise.jpg" alt="View of the Wes Anderson exhibition at La Cinémathèque Française, Paris, March 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Culture</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Wes Anderson's childhood memories explored in Paris exhibition</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/article/2025/03/29/raphael-barontini-painter-and-couturier-of-colonial-history-finds-fluidity-in-digital-collages_6739645_30.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/06/281/0/930/620/360/0/95/0/0ede3be_sirius-fs-upload-1-t12p57r0bco3-1741257594868-pdt-2025-raphaei-l-barontini-050.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/06/281/0/930/620/180/0/95/0/0ede3be_sirius-fs-upload-1-t12p57r0bco3-1741257594868-pdt-2025-raphaei-l-barontini-050.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/06/281/0/930/620/360/0/95/0/0ede3be_sirius-fs-upload-1-t12p57r0bco3-1741257594868-pdt-2025-raphaei-l-barontini-050.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/06/281/0/930/620/180/0/95/0/0ede3be_sirius-fs-upload-1-t12p57r0bco3-1741257594868-pdt-2025-raphaei-l-barontini-050.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Culture</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Raphaël Barontini, painter and couturier of colonial history, finds fluidity in digital collages</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/article/2025/03/29/in-paris-stuffed-dough-dishes-go-far-beyond-ravioli-and-dumplings-here-are-le-monde-s-five-favorites_6739641_37.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/0/0/3949/2632/360/0/95/0/1d5f8ab_sirius-fs-upload-1-w2yxjeif0tbv-1742466668341-ma-colchide-img-4507.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/0/0/3949/2632/180/0/95/0/1d5f8ab_sirius-fs-upload-1-w2yxjeif0tbv-1742466668341-ma-colchide-img-4507.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Chez Colchide, Paris."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/0/0/3949/2632/360/0/95/0/1d5f8ab_sirius-fs-upload-1-w2yxjeif0tbv-1742466668341-ma-colchide-img-4507.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/0/0/3949/2632/180/0/95/0/1d5f8ab_sirius-fs-upload-1-w2yxjeif0tbv-1742466668341-ma-colchide-img-4507.jpg" alt="Chez Colchide, Paris."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Lifestyle</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">In Paris, stuffed dough dishes go far beyond ravioli and dumplings: Here are Le Monde's five favorites</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/article/2025/03/29/black-paris-exhibition-at-the-centre-pompidou-fills-key-gaps-in-our-history_6739632_30.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/187/0/3805/2536/360/0/95/0/7aabaf5_sirius-fs-upload-1-8obnv3hlghms-1742219953864-beauford-delaney-james-baldwin-vers-1945-1950.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/187/0/3805/2536/180/0/95/0/7aabaf5_sirius-fs-upload-1-8obnv3hlghms-1742219953864-beauford-delaney-james-baldwin-vers-1945-1950.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""James Baldwin" (circa 1945-1950), by Beauford Delaney."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/187/0/3805/2536/360/0/95/0/7aabaf5_sirius-fs-upload-1-8obnv3hlghms-1742219953864-beauford-delaney-james-baldwin-vers-1945-1950.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/187/0/3805/2536/180/0/95/0/7aabaf5_sirius-fs-upload-1-8obnv3hlghms-1742219953864-beauford-delaney-james-baldwin-vers-1945-1950.jpg" alt=""James Baldwin" (circa 1945-1950), by Beauford Delaney."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Culture</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">'Black Paris' exhibition at the Centre Pompidou fills key gaps in our history</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="nav-mobile" class="Nav__mobile"></div> </nav> </div> <div class="lmd-banners js-lmd-banners"> </div> <main role="main" class="main LeMondeMain main--free "> <div id="dfp-habillage" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__slot--habillage" data-format="habillage" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div class="dfp__container"><div id="banniere_haute" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__slot--banniere dfp__slot--banniere-haute adm-ad-loading" data-format="banniere_haute" aria-hidden="true"><div class="loader"></div></div></div> <article class="page page--section"> <section class="zone zone--float"> <header class="page__heading page__heading--authors"> <section class="article__author article__author--posts"> <section class="article__author-description article__author-description--posts"> <h1 class="article__author-identity article__author-identity--posts">Aude Dassonville</h1> </section> </section> </header> <section class="page__float"> <aside class="page__side-content aside__page-float"> <section class="aside__page old__aside-page aside__page--sitemap"> <section class="friend friend--section "> <div id="pave_haut" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot friend--around dfp__sticky dfp__slot--pave dfp__slot--desktop" data-format="pave_haut" aria-hidden="true"></div> </section> <section id="forecast_widget" class="friend" data-title="Aude Dassonville"></section> <section class="friend friend--section "> <div id="pave_bas" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot friend--around dfp__sticky dfp__slot--pave dfp__slot--desktop dfp-unloaded" data-format="pave_bas" aria-hidden="true"></div> </section> </section> </aside> <section id="river" class="page__content river river--medium river--rubrique river--solo river--en-continu"> <h2 class="river__title"> All their publications </h2> <div class=""> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/03/0/0/5899/3933/780/520/60/0/3dea751_sirius-fs-upload-1-ay28jpvduvhe-1738622080253-jmug250203030.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/03/0/0/5899/3933/110/73/60/0/3dea751_sirius-fs-upload-1-ay28jpvduvhe-1738622080253-jmug250203030.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/03/0/0/5899/3933/110/73/60/0/3dea751_sirius-fs-upload-1-ay28jpvduvhe-1738622080253-jmug250203030.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2025/02/07/what-s-in-the-french-state-s-2025-budget_6737882_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">Round-up</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">What's in the French state's 2025 budget</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">On Thursday, France's budget was finally adopted after a two-month delay. Here are some of the measures in the legislation.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on February 7, 2025, at 5:00 am (Paris), updated on February 7, 2025, at 11:55 am</span> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau, Aude Dassonville, Iris Derœux, Maxime Ferrer, Assma Maad, Manon Romain and Maxime Vaudano</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/12/04/0/0/2500/1666/780/520/60/0/3010320_1733332619928-diptyquepapiers2.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/12/04/0/0/2500/1666/110/73/60/0/3010320_1733332619928-diptyquepapiers2.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/12/04/0/0/2500/1666/110/73/60/0/3010320_1733332619928-diptyquepapiers2.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2024/12/04/two-le-monde-journalists-awarded-top-journalism-prize_6735194_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Two Le Monde journalists awarded top journalism prize</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Lorraine de Foucher, in the print media category, and Martin Untersinger, for books, share the honor of the prestigious Prix Albert Londres with Antoine Védeilhé and Germain Baslé, for video.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on December 4, 2024, at 8:46 pm (Paris), updated on December 16, 2024, at 10:32 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/15/0/5/5089/3393/780/520/60/0/21034d0_1731704467264-080-hl-rmilani-2379563.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/15/0/5/5089/3393/110/73/60/0/21034d0_1731704467264-080-hl-rmilani-2379563.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/15/0/5/5089/3393/110/73/60/0/21034d0_1731704467264-080-hl-rmilani-2379563.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2024/11/18/paris-journalism-school-taken-over-by-billionaire-media-owners_6733206_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Paris journalism school taken over by billionaire media owners</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Bernard Arnault, Vincent Bolloré and Rodolphe Saadé are among the tycoons who have bought out the Ecole Supérieure de Journalisme in Paris.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on November 18, 2024, at 2:57 pm (Paris), updated on November 19, 2024, at 4:56 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/isabelle-chaperon/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Isabelle Chaperon</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/04/0/0/2200/1466/780/520/60/0/dfaa4ae_2024-11-04t120839z-1558048096-rc2byaaxl2vb-rtrmadp-3-new-york-times-results.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/04/0/0/2200/1466/110/73/60/0/dfaa4ae_2024-11-04t120839z-1558048096-rc2byaaxl2vb-rtrmadp-3-new-york-times-results.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/04/0/0/2200/1466/110/73/60/0/dfaa4ae_2024-11-04t120839z-1558048096-rc2byaaxl2vb-rtrmadp-3-new-york-times-results.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/11/05/with-election-count-just-hours-away-the-new-york-times-is-facing-a-strike-by-its-tech-workers_6731719_4.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">With election count just hours away, the New York Times is facing a strike by its tech workers</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Employees in the famous daily's technology businesses are demanding pay raises, flexibility on remote working and protection against dismissal without 'just cause.'</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on November 5, 2024, at 9:41 pm (Paris), updated on November 5, 2024, at 9:42 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/10/05/1/0/8192/5461/780/520/60/0/984e3f8_1728119752428-000-34962u4.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/10/05/1/0/8192/5461/110/73/60/0/984e3f8_1728119752428-000-34962u4.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/10/05/1/0/8192/5461/110/73/60/0/984e3f8_1728119752428-000-34962u4.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/middle-east-crisis/article/2024/10/07/gaza-how-french-media-have-been-reporting-on-a-war-journalists-don-t-have-access-to_6728525_368.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">In Depth</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Gaza: How French media have been reporting on a war journalists don't have access to</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The impossibility of getting into Gaza, as well as the number of local journalists who have been killed, makes independent reporting extremely challenging – an issue compounded by the explosive nature of the subject.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on October 7, 2024, at 7:00 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/brice-laemle/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Brice Laemle</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/09/25/0/24/1237/825/780/520/60/0/fd41b94_1727280082811-1444x920-audrey-fleurot-mehdi-nebbou-serie-hpi.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/09/25/0/24/1237/825/110/73/60/0/fd41b94_1727280082811-1444x920-audrey-fleurot-mehdi-nebbou-serie-hpi.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/09/25/0/24/1237/825/110/73/60/0/fd41b94_1727280082811-1444x920-audrey-fleurot-mehdi-nebbou-serie-hpi.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2024/09/26/hpi-the-story-of-a-french-high-potential-series-and-its-worldwide-success_6727300_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">'HPI': The high-potential French TV show and its worldwide success</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">After winning over the French audience, the series has been viewed by 280 million people in 105 countries. Its US adaptation, 'High Potential,' is off to a promising start.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on September 26, 2024, at 5:15 am (Paris), updated on September 26, 2024, at 10:02 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/05/0/0/7526/5017/780/520/60/0/74bc9a8_1722873805312-000-368g7aq.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/05/0/0/7526/5017/110/73/60/0/74bc9a8_1722873805312-000-368g7aq.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/05/0/0/7526/5017/110/73/60/0/74bc9a8_1722873805312-000-368g7aq.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2024/08/06/whether-viewership-or-terabits-the-paris-olympic-games-are-breaking-records_6710415_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">In Depth</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Whether viewership or terabits, the Paris Olympic Games are breaking records</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Whether live or pre-recorded, on the living room TV or a smartphone in the street, the Olympic events have generated record viewership figures for TV channels and telecommunications operators alike.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on August 6, 2024, at 6:03 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/olivier-pinaud/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Olivier Pinaud</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/27/0/13/5635/3757/780/520/60/0/62f6722_1722065340380-648564.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/27/0/13/5635/3757/110/73/60/0/62f6722_1722065340380-648564.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/27/0/13/5635/3757/110/73/60/0/62f6722_1722065340380-648564.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2024/07/28/paris-olympics-what-we-didn-t-see-from-the-opening-ceremony_6702814_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">In Depth</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Paris Olympics: What we didn't see from the opening ceremony</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">With sequences canceled, retracted or even censored in certain countries, Friday night's show did not reveal all the splendors that had been imagined by its creators.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on July 28, 2024, at 4:56 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/23/0/0/5515/3676/780/520/60/0/6834030_1721748187724-632301.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/23/0/0/5515/3676/110/73/60/0/6834030_1721748187724-632301.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/23/0/0/5515/3676/110/73/60/0/6834030_1721748187724-632301.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2024/07/24/did-the-world-s-richest-man-bernard-arnault-pressure-a-magazine-not-to-put-his-photo-on-the-front-page_6696879_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Did the world's richest man, Bernard Arnault, pressure a magazine not to put his photo on the front page?</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Journalists are claiming 'interference' in their work after the magazine 'Challenges' chose a generic cover for its issue dedicated to France's 500 biggest fortunes, without a photo of the Arnault family.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on July 24, 2024, at 3:11 pm (Paris), updated on July 24, 2024, at 3:12 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/01/0/1/5923/3949/780/520/60/0/5685506_1719828552042-000-34tp4ap.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/01/0/1/5923/3949/110/73/60/0/5685506_1719828552042-000-34tp4ap.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/01/0/1/5923/3949/110/73/60/0/5685506_1719828552042-000-34tp4ap.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2024/07/02/french-public-broadcasting-targeted-by-rn-threat-of-privatization_6676400_23.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News analysis</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">French public broadcasting targeted by RN threat of privatization</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The Rassemblement National may find it difficult to privatize public broadcasting, as it said it intends to do if it comes to power. But its demolition project has already begun.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on July 2, 2024, at 8:01 am (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/05/03/248/0/6000/4000/780/520/60/0/c294d33_1714742413518-24193-025-rodolphe-saade-by-antoine-doyen.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/05/03/248/0/6000/4000/110/73/60/0/c294d33_1714742413518-24193-025-rodolphe-saade-by-antoine-doyen.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/05/03/248/0/6000/4000/110/73/60/0/c294d33_1714742413518-24193-025-rodolphe-saade-by-antoine-doyen.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2024/05/07/rodolphe-saade-china-america-tensions-continue-unabated-even-though-both-countries-need-each-other_6670680_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Interview</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Rodolphe Saadé: 'China-America tensions continue unabated, even though both countries need each other'</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Climate, geopolitics and artificial intelligence are the challenges facing the shipping company CMA CGM in the years to come, according to its CEO, who recently inaugurated a training and innovation center in Marseille.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on May 7, 2024, at 2:30 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/jean-michel-bezat/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Jean-Michel Bezat</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Sophie Fay</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/04/26/0/0/5500/3666/780/520/60/0/e58a8e1_1714140553984-333664.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/04/26/0/0/5500/3666/110/73/60/0/e58a8e1_1714140553984-333664.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/04/26/0/0/5500/3666/110/73/60/0/e58a8e1_1714140553984-333664.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2024/04/28/how-french-society-got-caught-up-in-the-middle-east-conflict_6669796_7.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Long Read</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">How French society got caught up in the Middle East conflict</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Tensions between the pro-Israel and pro-Palestine camps, already exacerbated since the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023, have grown with each passing day.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on April 28, 2024, at 6:30 pm (Paris), updated on April 29, 2024, at 12:36 pm</span> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Christophe Ayad, Aude Dassonville, Brice Laemle, Sandrine Cassini, Bertrand Bissuel and Soazig Le Nevé</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/21/0/0/5319/3546/780/520/60/0/36e918c_1711002812161-france-24.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/21/0/0/5319/3546/110/73/60/0/36e918c_1711002812161-france-24.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/21/0/0/5319/3546/110/73/60/0/36e918c_1711002812161-france-24.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2024/03/21/strike-at-france-24-has-disrupted-18-days-of-broadcasting_6641345_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Strike at France 24 has disrupted 18 days of broadcasting</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Technicians working in the master control room at the trilingual broadcaster are protesting against an increase in their workload without a pay rise.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on March 21, 2024, at 10:11 am (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/15/1/0/6681/4454/780/520/60/0/4d27f1a_1710495982380-000-33l9628.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/15/1/0/6681/4454/110/73/60/0/4d27f1a_1710495982380-000-33l9628.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/15/1/0/6681/4454/110/73/60/0/4d27f1a_1710495982380-000-33l9628.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2024/03/15/france-s-top-news-channel-bfm-tv-sold-to-billionaire-rodolphe-saade_6621808_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">In Depth</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">France's top news channel BFM-TV sold to billionaire Rodolphe Saadé</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">On the morning of March 15, Altice announced it was selling of 100% of its media subsidiary to the French-Lebanese billionaire's shipping giant, CMA CGM.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on March 15, 2024, at 12:24 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/01/20/0/90/2700/1800/780/520/60/0/3bd492a_1705738550642-capture-da-ei-cran-2024-01-20-ai-09-07-41.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/01/20/0/90/2700/1800/110/73/60/0/3bd492a_1705738550642-capture-da-ei-cran-2024-01-20-ai-09-07-41.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/01/20/0/90/2700/1800/110/73/60/0/3bd492a_1705738550642-capture-da-ei-cran-2024-01-20-ai-09-07-41.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2024/01/28/how-far-right-ideas-are-becoming-mainstream-in-french-media_6473487_5.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">In Depth</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">How far-right ideas are becoming mainstream in French media</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Far-right politicians, journalists, and activists are delighted that their 'cultural combat' has moved from relatively confidential publications to highly-watched television channels.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on January 28, 2024, at 8:00 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/clement-guillou/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Clément Guillou</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/07/29/0/0/8256/5504/780/520/60/0/53772e1_1690625009617-000-33pb7ry.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/07/29/0/0/8256/5504/110/73/60/0/53772e1_1690625009617-000-33pb7ry.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/07/29/0/0/8256/5504/110/73/60/0/53772e1_1690625009617-000-33pb7ry.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2023/08/01/as-new-boss-arrives-france-s-only-sunday-paper-faces-inevitable-demise_6074996_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News analysis</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">As new boss arrives, France's only Sunday paper faces inevitable demise</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Journalists at the 75-year-old 'Le Journal du dimanche' are striking against the appointment of a new far-right editor-in-chief. But precedents in other French newsrooms demonstrate that the newspaper will irreversibly change.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on August 1, 2023, at 4:55 am (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/07/24/0/1/4999/3333/780/520/60/0/4ddcc47_1690193126445-hl-bgirette-1846551.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/07/24/0/1/4999/3333/110/73/60/0/4ddcc47_1690193126445-hl-bgirette-1846551.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/07/24/0/1/4999/3333/110/73/60/0/4ddcc47_1690193126445-hl-bgirette-1846551.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2023/07/30/arnaud-de-puyfontaine-the-bollore-family-s-zealous-lieutenant_6072970_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Profile</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Arnaud de Puyfontaine, the Bolloré family's zealous lieutenant</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Vivendi's chief executive officer, formerly of the magazine sector, has had to deal with the Telecom Italia quagmire and the Lagardère takeover.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on July 30, 2023, at 7:00 pm (Paris)</span> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Raphaëlle Bacqué, Aude Dassonville, Olivier Pinaud and Nicole Vulser</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/27/0/0/5976/3984/780/520/60/0/29c7ab2_1682605689863-daj23007d47.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/27/0/0/5976/3984/110/73/60/0/29c7ab2_1682605689863-daj23007d47.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/27/0/0/5976/3984/110/73/60/0/29c7ab2_1682605689863-daj23007d47.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/media/article/2023/05/03/violence-at-french-protests-provokes-conflicting-views-between-generations_6025224_22.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Investigation</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Violence at French protests provokes conflicting views between generations</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Between television and social media, the way certain footage is handled can radically differ, particularly regarding clashes with police. Over the course of the pensions conflict, this dichotomy has widened the generational gap.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on May 3, 2023, at 5:30 am (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/vanessa-schneider/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Vanessa Schneider</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/08/0/0/4656/3104/780/520/60/0/fc1127d_1680943674449-000-336g6rh.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/08/0/0/4656/3104/110/73/60/0/fc1127d_1680943674449-000-336g6rh.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/08/0/0/4656/3104/110/73/60/0/fc1127d_1680943674449-000-336g6rh.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2023/04/10/playboy-french-minister-s-cover-proves-successful-stunt-for-ailing-magazine_6022379_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">In Depth</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">'Playboy': French minister's cover proves successful stunt for ailing magazine</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Thanks to a (clothed) front cover featuring Marlène Schiappa, the outdated publication was brought back out of obscurity and earned a spot at the heart of the news cycle.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on April 10, 2023, at 12:00 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/03/28/384/818/4445/2963/780/520/60/0/4383247_1679982787421-ad063-retraites23mars-dsc01523.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/03/28/384/818/4445/2963/110/73/60/0/4383247_1679982787421-ad063-retraites23mars-dsc01523.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/03/28/384/818/4445/2963/110/73/60/0/4383247_1679982787421-ad063-retraites23mars-dsc01523.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2023/03/29/citizen-journalists-capture-the-french-pension-reform-protests-up-close_6021021_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Citizen journalists capture the French pension reform protests up-close</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Marching alongside demonstrators, journalists and ordinary citizens are filming the protests as closely as possible and documenting police brutality.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on March 29, 2023, at 12:45 am (Paris), updated on March 29, 2023, at 9:34 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/01/19/0/5/5538/3692/780/520/60/0/cfe3860_1674139357133-000-9p82kn.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/01/19/0/5/5538/3692/110/73/60/0/cfe3860_1674139357133-000-9p82kn.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/01/19/0/5/5538/3692/110/73/60/0/cfe3860_1674139357133-000-9p82kn.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2023/01/20/media-rt-france-s-days-are-numbered_6012292_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">RT France's days appear to be numbered</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The Russian news channel's bank account has been blocked as a result of the ninth package of European sanctions decided in December. Its survival in the short term seems very unlikely.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on January 20, 2023, at 5:23 am (Paris), updated on January 20, 2023, at 7:12 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/10/07/0/3/4044/2696/780/520/60/0/5c9671b_1665121553999-000-1k76mq.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/10/07/0/3/4044/2696/110/73/60/0/5c9671b_1665121553999-000-1k76mq.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/10/07/0/3/4044/2696/110/73/60/0/5c9671b_1665121553999-000-1k76mq.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/media/article/2022/10/14/metoo-in-the-french-media-a-lot-has-happened-in-five-years_6000283_22.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">#MeToo in the French media: 'A lot has happened in five years'</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">As revelations about journalist Patrick Poivre d'Arvor emerged, the #MeToo movement made its way into the French media, but not without consequences for the personal and professional lives of the women who spoke out.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on October 14, 2022, at 5:04 am (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/09/17/0/0/4999/3333/780/520/60/0/414c9b7_90f08b2e48d64f37840ce77381bda465-90f08b2e48d64f37840ce77381bda465-0.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/09/17/0/0/4999/3333/110/73/60/0/414c9b7_90f08b2e48d64f37840ce77381bda465-90f08b2e48d64f37840ce77381bda465-0.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/09/17/0/0/4999/3333/110/73/60/0/414c9b7_90f08b2e48d64f37840ce77381bda465-90f08b2e48d64f37840ce77381bda465-0.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/media/article/2022/09/18/french-tv-won-t-miss-a-minute-of-queen-elizabeth-ii-s-funeral_5997442_22.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">French TV won't miss a minute of Queen Elizabeth II's funeral</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The French will have little choice but watch the royal funeral: most channels will broadcast Monday's ceremony from 6 am.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on September 18, 2022, at 6:45 pm (Paris), updated on September 19, 2022, at 10:59 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/09/15/0/0/4701/3134/780/520/60/0/993b443_1663265906771-000-9mx9fb.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/09/15/0/0/4701/3134/110/73/60/0/993b443_1663265906771-000-9mx9fb.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/09/15/0/0/4701/3134/110/73/60/0/993b443_1663265906771-000-9mx9fb.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2022/09/16/brussels-wants-to-legislate-to-preserve-european-media-freedom-and-independence_5997131_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Brussels wants to legislate to preserve European media freedom and independence</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The draft Media Freedom Act is due for release on Friday, September 16.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on September 16, 2022, at 9:00 am (Paris), updated on September 16, 2022, at 9:00 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/08/11/0/0/5568/3712/780/520/60/0/9299742_1660257876469-000-32gc2gw.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/08/11/0/0/5568/3712/110/73/60/0/9299742_1660257876469-000-32gc2gw.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/08/11/0/0/5568/3712/110/73/60/0/9299742_1660257876469-000-32gc2gw.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2022/08/12/disney-dethrones-netflix-converts-to-advertising-model_5993381_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">In Depth</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Disney dethrones Netflix, converts to advertising model</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The American group has successfully established its Disney+ streaming platform in less than three years. But it still has to make it profitable.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on August 12, 2022, at 3:06 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/olivier-pinaud/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Olivier Pinaud</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/05/30/0/0/1111/741/780/520/60/0/e9bce7e_a7a257583c0b4838897a61aac2cd7f62-a7a257583c0b4838897a61aac2cd7f62-0.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/05/30/0/0/1111/741/110/73/60/0/e9bce7e_a7a257583c0b4838897a61aac2cd7f62-a7a257583c0b4838897a61aac2cd7f62-0.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/05/30/0/0/1111/741/110/73/60/0/e9bce7e_a7a257583c0b4838897a61aac2cd7f62-a7a257583c0b4838897a61aac2cd7f62-0.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/05/31/frederic-was-no-hothead-grieving-colleagues-in-shock-after-death-of-french-journalist-in-ukraine_5985180_4.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">'Frédéric was no hothead': Grieving colleagues react to death of French journalist in Ukraine</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The journalists from French television channel BFM-TV recall Frederic Leclerc-Imhoff as 'enthusiastic, caring' and 'passionate about journalism.'</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on May 31, 2022, at 11:17 am (Paris), updated on May 31, 2022, at 2:54 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/sandrine-cassini/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Sandrine Cassini</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/05/20/0/0/1350/900/780/520/60/0/77f3063_1653068178363-rima.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/05/20/0/0/1350/900/110/73/60/0/77f3063_1653068178363-rima.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/05/20/0/0/1350/900/110/73/60/0/77f3063_1653068178363-rima.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2022/05/20/rima-abdul-malak-heads-from-the-elysee-to-the-culture-ministry_5984185_5.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Rima Abdul-Malak heads from the Elysée to the Culture Ministry</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">President Emmanuel Macron's culture and media advisor is stepping out of the shadows to become the culture minister in Elisabeth Borne's government, with many issues already on her plate.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on May 20, 2022, at 7:40 pm (Paris), updated on May 20, 2022, at 7:46 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/sandrine-blanchard/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Sandrine Blanchard</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/sandrine-cassini/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Sandrine Cassini</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/05/02/0/0/6144/4096/780/520/60/0/2e25145_1651501396759-img-2954-isabelleveyratmasson-cthomas.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/05/02/0/0/6144/4096/110/73/60/0/2e25145_1651501396759-img-2954-isabelleveyratmasson-cthomas.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/05/02/0/0/6144/4096/110/73/60/0/2e25145_1651501396759-img-2954-isabelleveyratmasson-cthomas.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/05/03/the-war-in-ukraine-is-a-media-war-with-human-faces_5982364_4.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">'The war in Ukraine is a media war with human faces'</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The historian and media sociologist Isabelle Veyrat-Masson speaks with 'Le Monde' and explains the particularities of the media treatment of the war in Ukraine compared to other conflicts.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on May 3, 2022, at 8:18 pm (Paris), updated on May 3, 2022, at 8:19 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/03/28/0/0/7959/5306/780/520/60/0/c0cf8b2_1648428200184-000-324c23p.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/03/28/0/0/7959/5306/110/73/60/0/c0cf8b2_1648428200184-000-324c23p.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/03/28/0/0/7959/5306/110/73/60/0/c0cf8b2_1648428200184-000-324c23p.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2022/03/29/russian-state-channel-rt-eyes-a-new-audience-in-africa_5979274_19.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">In Depth</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Russian state channel RT eyes a new audience in Africa</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Despite being banned from broadcasting in the European Union, the Kremlin-funded news channel is expected to increase its presence in francophone African countries.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on March 29, 2022, at 12:23 pm (Paris), updated on April 7, 2022, at 10:30 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/aude-dassonville/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Aude Dassonville</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </article> <div id="banniere_basse" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__slot--banniere dfp-unloaded" data-format="banniere_basse" aria-hidden="true"></div> </main> <div class="gdpr-cs-display-consent"></div> <footer id="footer" class="footer footer--free"> <section class="zone zone--footer old__zone"> <section class="footer__main"> <section class="footer__top"> <section class="footer__category-container"> <section class="footer__category footer__category-sections js-footer-category"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">Sections</h3> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/international/" >World</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/politics/" >French politics</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/france/" >France</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/les-decodeurs/" >Les Décodeurs</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/sports/" >Sports</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/environment/" >Environment</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/science/" >Science</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/campus/" >Campus</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/le-monde-africa/" >Le Monde Africa</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/pixels/" >Pixels</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/health/" >Health</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/obituaries/" >Obituaries</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/archives-du-monde/" >Archives</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/about-us/" >About Us</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/syndication/" >Le Monde Syndication</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="https://about.pressreader.com/hotels/le-monde/en/?utm_campaign=hospitality-le-monde&utm_source=le-monde&utm_medium=footer&utm_content=english" >Le Monde for hotels</a></li> </ul> </section> <section class="footer__category footer__category-elections js-footer-category"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">French Focus</h3> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/rugby-world-cup-2023/" >Rugby World Cup 2023</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/tour-de-france/" >Tour de France 2023</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/paris-olympics-2024/" >Paris Olympics 2024</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/emmanuel-macron/" >Emmanuel Macron</a></li> </ul> </section> <section class="footer__category footer__category-opinion js-footer-category"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">Opinion</h3> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/editorials/" >Editorials</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/columns/" >Columns</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/analysis/" >Analysis</a></li> </ul> </section> </section> <section class="footer__middle"> <section class="footer__cta"> <p class="footer__title"> Subscription </p> <a class="footer__link footer__link--cta" href="https://abo.lemonde.fr/" > <span class="footer__icon icon__subscribe"></span> Sign up </a> <a class="footer__link footer__link--cta" href="https://secure.lemonde.fr/sfuser/connexion" > <span class="footer__icon icon__connexion"></span> Sign In </a> </section> <section class="footer__cta"> <p class="footer__title"> <span class="footer__icon icon__newsletter-footer"></span> Le Monde in English </p> <a class="footer__link footer__link--cta footer__subscribe-link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/newsletters/le-monde-in-english/" > Sign up to receive our daily selection of "Le Monde" <br> articles translated into English. <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/newsletters/le-monde-in-english/" class="btn button--empty footer__subscribe-button"> Sign up </a> </a> </section> </section> <section class="footer__category footer__category-legales"> <input type="checkbox" tabindex="-1" name="footer__toggle" class="footer__category-checkbox" id="infos-legales"> <label for="infos-legales" class="footer__category-label"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">Informations légales le Monde</h3> </label> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/mentions-legales" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Mentions légales </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/cgv" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Conditions générales </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Charte du Groupe </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/confidentialite/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Politique de confidentialité </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/faq/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Aide (FAQ) </a> </li> </ul> </section> </section> </section> <section class="footer__mandatory"> <h3 class="footer__title">Le Monde Legal informations</h3> <ul class="footer__links footer__links--list"> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/legal-information" > Legal Information </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/article/2022/04/06/groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct_5979823_115.html" > Group Policy </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/privacy-policy/" > Privacy Policy </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list gdpr-cs-parameters-link" href="/en/#" > Cookie Preferences </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/cgv-en" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Terms & Conditions </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="/en/faq/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> FAQ </a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="footer__bottom"> <p class="footer__title">Follow Le Monde</p> <section class="footer__social"> <ul class="footer__links footer__links--social"> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.facebook.com/Le-Monde-in-English-108626768479797" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__facebook icon__facebook--footer"></span> Facebook </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.youtube.com/@LeMondeInEnglish" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__youtube"></span> Youtube </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.instagram.com/lemonde_en/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__instagram icon__instagram--footer"></span> Instagram </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@lemonde_en" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__tiktok icon__icon__tiktok--footer"></span> TikTok </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.reddit.com/user/LeMonde_en/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__reddit icon__reddit--footer"></span> Reddit </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/rss/une.xml" > <span class="footer__icon icon__rss"></span> RSS feed </a> </li> </ul> </section> </section> </section> </footer> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"ItemList","url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/aude-dassonville\/","description":"Aude Dassonville","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":0,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/les-decodeurs\/article\/2025\/02\/07\/what-s-in-the-french-state-s-2025-budget_6737882_8.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2024\/12\/04\/two-le-monde-journalists-awarded-top-journalism-prize_6735194_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2024\/11\/18\/paris-journalism-school-taken-over-by-billionaire-media-owners_6733206_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/international\/article\/2024\/11\/05\/with-election-count-just-hours-away-the-new-york-times-is-facing-a-strike-by-its-tech-workers_6731719_4.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/middle-east-crisis\/article\/2024\/10\/07\/gaza-how-french-media-have-been-reporting-on-a-war-journalists-don-t-have-access-to_6728525_368.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2024\/09\/26\/hpi-the-story-of-a-french-high-potential-series-and-its-worldwide-success_6727300_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":6,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2024\/08\/06\/whether-viewership-or-terabits-the-paris-olympic-games-are-breaking-records_6710415_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":7,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2024\/07\/28\/paris-olympics-what-we-didn-t-see-from-the-opening-ceremony_6702814_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":8,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2024\/07\/24\/did-the-world-s-richest-man-bernard-arnault-pressure-a-magazine-not-to-put-his-photo-on-the-front-page_6696879_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":9,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/opinion\/article\/2024\/07\/02\/french-public-broadcasting-targeted-by-rn-threat-of-privatization_6676400_23.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":10,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2024\/05\/07\/rodolphe-saade-china-america-tensions-continue-unabated-even-though-both-countries-need-each-other_6670680_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":11,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/france\/article\/2024\/04\/28\/how-french-society-got-caught-up-in-the-middle-east-conflict_6669796_7.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":12,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2024\/03\/21\/strike-at-france-24-has-disrupted-18-days-of-broadcasting_6641345_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":13,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2024\/03\/15\/france-s-top-news-channel-bfm-tv-sold-to-billionaire-rodolphe-saade_6621808_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":14,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/politics\/article\/2024\/01\/28\/how-far-right-ideas-are-becoming-mainstream-in-french-media_6473487_5.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":15,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2023\/08\/01\/as-new-boss-arrives-france-s-only-sunday-paper-faces-inevitable-demise_6074996_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":16,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2023\/07\/30\/arnaud-de-puyfontaine-the-bollore-family-s-zealous-lieutenant_6072970_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":17,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/media\/article\/2023\/05\/03\/violence-at-french-protests-provokes-conflicting-views-between-generations_6025224_22.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":18,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2023\/04\/10\/playboy-french-minister-s-cover-proves-successful-stunt-for-ailing-magazine_6022379_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":19,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2023\/03\/29\/citizen-journalists-capture-the-french-pension-reform-protests-up-close_6021021_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":20,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2023\/01\/20\/media-rt-france-s-days-are-numbered_6012292_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":21,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/media\/article\/2022\/10\/14\/metoo-in-the-french-media-a-lot-has-happened-in-five-years_6000283_22.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":22,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/media\/article\/2022\/09\/18\/french-tv-won-t-miss-a-minute-of-queen-elizabeth-ii-s-funeral_5997442_22.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":23,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2022\/09\/16\/brussels-wants-to-legislate-to-preserve-european-media-freedom-and-independence_5997131_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":24,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2022\/08\/12\/disney-dethrones-netflix-converts-to-advertising-model_5993381_19.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":25,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/international\/article\/2022\/05\/31\/frederic-was-no-hothead-grieving-colleagues-in-shock-after-death-of-french-journalist-in-ukraine_5985180_4.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":26,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/politics\/article\/2022\/05\/20\/rima-abdul-malak-heads-from-the-elysee-to-the-culture-ministry_5984185_5.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":27,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/international\/article\/2022\/05\/03\/the-war-in-ukraine-is-a-media-war-with-human-faces_5982364_4.html"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":28,"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/economy\/article\/2022\/03\/29\/russian-state-channel-rt-eyes-a-new-audience-in-africa_5979274_19.html"}]}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"A la une","item":{"@type":"Thing","@id":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Aude Dassonville","item":{"@type":"Thing","@id":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/aude-dassonville\/"}}]}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"Le Monde","url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr","logo":"https:\/\/asset.lemde.fr\/medias\/img\/social-network\/default.png","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/lemonde.fr","https:\/\/twitter.com\/lemondefr","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/lemondefr\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/LeMonde","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/le-monde\/"]}</script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/common.703a39c8ad2ac596.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/en_continu.a7e110ae43a69db8.js" async="true"></script> <div id="overlay" class="overlay"></div> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="ads" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/ads.ef987fa47c63800c.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/7df7be3d47bc8eda.62b59fab7228d037275f2a0d1bd49f60f85b0045.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="analytics" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/anltcs.ea3fc2b4905deeec.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/forecast.023ac54d9ad8a539.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="personalization" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/survey.ec51c315e3c97997.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="mediaPlatforms" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/scls.69b0dc4cf373042f.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="analytics" data-gdpr-src="https://news.google.com/swg/js/v1/swg.js" async="1" subscriptions-control="manual"></script> <script>var ADS_CONFIG = {"adUnit":"\/128139881\/LM_lemonde_en\/divers\/divers\/rg","targets":{"keywords":"divers","rub":"divers","rubriques":[]}}</script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="ads" data-gdpr-src="https://boot.pbstck.com/v1/adm/0594e540-06cf-48eb-9772-3b4bbd0a5c24" async="1"></script> </body> </html>