CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//img.lemde.fr"> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Medium-Web.ac7bf37b26f16e97.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.133dea79c01db68e.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/fonts/variables/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB-LeMonde.b353d5d190089f96.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/fonts/marr-sans/MarrSans-Regular-Web.2f89fff3877253bf.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <script>var lmd = {"consent":{"version":1},"context":{"aec":false,"urlPrefix":"\/en","staled":false,"marketingCampaign":{"header":"?lmd_medium=BOUTONS_LMFR&lmd_campaign=BOUTONS_LMEA&lmd_position=HEADER&lmd_sequence=94&lmd_type_de_page=Article","content":"?lmd_medium=BOUTONS_LMFR&lmd_campaign=BOUTONS_LMEA&lmd_position=REDAC&lmd_sequence=94&lmd_type_de_page=Article","footer":"?lmd_medium=BOUTONS_LMFR&lmd_campaign=BOUTONS_LMEA&lmd_position=FOOTER&lmd_sequence=94&lmd_type_de_page=Article"},"pageType":"Element","element":{"nature_editoriale":{"id":10,"nom":"Document","name":"document"},"type":"Article","restreint":false,"is_a_teaser":false,"layout_id":1,"clonage":false},"article":{"id":5716,"legacyId":5979823,"globalId":"bGVtb25kZS1lbjpBcnRpY2xlOjU3MTY","firstPublished":{"date":"2022-04-06 09:42:42.000000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"},"format":"standard","nbChar":22173,"slug":"groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct","title":"Groupe Le Monde's Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct","feedbacksURL":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/about-us\/article\/2022\/04\/06\/groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct_5979823_115.html?contributions","tagId":115,"narrowTagId":115,"tagType":"section","parsedMetadata":{"huit":{"freeAuthors":[],"subscribers":{"restricted":false},"allowComments":null,"blockPublication":false},"print":{"path":null,"layoutName":null,"editionDate":null,"sectionName":null,"publicationName":null}},"authorlist":"By ","selfPromotionKeyword":null,"selfPromotionNewsletterName":null,"baseUrl":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/about-us\/article\/2022\/04\/06\/groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct_5979823_115.html","gifted":0,"layout":"article","variant":"__default"},"section":{"id":115,"legacyId":5974324,"url":"about-us","type":"section","title":"About us","shortTitle":null,"description":"Le Monde in English, the English version of France's leading newspaper, was launched in April 2022. Find all making-of and articles about us in this section.","followed":false,"header":false,"parent":null,"webVisible":true,"navVisible":true,"metadata":{"stats":{"countLvl2":"94"}},"isBlog":false,"nbArticle":null,"completed":false,"hasSubNav":false,"imgSubNavPath":null,"nbEpisode":null,"media":null,"lastArticlePublished":{"date":"2025-02-14 10:59:55.000000","timezone_type":1,"timezone":"+00:00"}},"sections":[],"digiteka":{"ULTIMEDIA_autoplay":true,"ULTIMEDIA_async":true,"ULTIMEDIA_overlay_title":"#NONE#","ULTIMEDIA_mdtk":"01637594","ULTIMEDIA_target":"ultimedia_wrapper","ULTIMEDIA_zone":99,"ULTIMEDIA_date":"20220406"},"inread":{"variant":null},"paywall":{"variant":"versionA"}},"user":false,"lang":"en","hosts":{"abo":"abo.lemonde.fr","lemonde":"www.lemonde.fr","sf_secure":"secure.lemonde.fr","forecast":"forecast.lemonde.fr"},"env":"prd","analytics":{"oneNext":{"id":"244044216595"},"fba":{"id":"122349388153507","idCommunication":"607705069438811"},"amplitude":{"id":"7dec6d6e90d5288af6e9a882f8def199","arvatoSelectionCode":"false","isBlog":false,"series":{"isSeries":false}},"chartbeat":{"domain":"en.lemonde.fr"},"smart_tag":{"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/bucket\/resources\/english\/ca618854ca95a48e.b0d32c81b778964dfeafdda3ac193744ce59e1e0.43260.js","pixelPath":"\/b0d32c81b778964dfeafdda3ac193744ce59e1e0","customObject":[]},"piano":{"url":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/bucket\/resources\/english\/03ea4fa719e85114.b0d32c81b778964dfeafdda3ac193744ce59e1e0.pa.js","pixelPath":"b0d32c81b778964dfeafdda3ac193744ce59e1e0","properties":{"site_level2":"94","page_chapter1":"about-us","page_chapter2":"","page_chapter3":"","page":"groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct","tags_array":["about-us"],"id_article_1":5716,"type_de_page":"article","titre":"groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct","date_publication":"20220406","statut_article":"gratuit","population":"gratuit","producteur":"edito","nature_edito":"document","signes":22173,"refresh":"false","clonage":"false","tags":"about-us"}},"batch":{"parentBreadcrumb":"About us","childBreadcrumb":""},"geo":{"country":"SG","region":"N\/A","regionCode":"N\/A"}},"features":{"capping":true},"batch":{"smallIcon":"\/bucket\/resources\/front\/static\/img\/logos\/pwa-96-transparent.png","defaultIcon":"\/bucket\/resources\/front\/static\/img\/logos\/pwa-192.png"},"metas":{"canonicalUrl":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/about-us\/article\/2022\/04\/06\/groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct_5979823_115.html"},"requests":{"_url":"\/en\/about-us\/article\/2022\/04\/06\/groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct_5979823_115.html"},"current_date":"2025-02-17T22:15:01+01:00","typePage":"article","urlfriendly":"groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct","cat1":"About us","isAbo":false,"recommendationsUrl":"\/ajax\/recommandations\/?section_id=115&display_type=iso&content_type=all","gift":{"giftedArticle":false,"show":false},"keywords":"about-us","sections":["about-us"],"section":"about-us","dataLayer":{"events":{"pageview":{"sharedProperties":{"user":false,"lang":"en","staled":false},"piano":{"eventName":"page.display","properties":{"consent":"not found","consent_at":"exempt","edition":"en","population":"gratuit","producteur":"edito","site_level2":"94","page_chapter1":"about-us","page_chapter2":"","page_chapter3":"","page":"groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct","tags_array":["about-us"],"id_article_1":5716,"type_de_page":"article","titre":"groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct","date_publication":"20220406","statut_article":"gratuit","nature_edito":"document","signes":22173,"refresh":"false","tags":"about-us"}}},"click":[],"scroll":[]},"edgee":{"data_collection":{"events":[{"type":"page","data":[],"components":{"all":false}},{"type":"track","data":{"name":"page.edgee","properties":{"consent":"not found","consent_at":"exempt","edition":"en","population":"gratuit","producteur":"edito","site_level2":"94","page_chapter1":"about-us","page_chapter2":"","page_chapter3":"","page":"groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct","tags_array":["about-us"],"id_article_1":5716,"type_de_page":"article","titre":"groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct","date_publication":"20220406","statut_article":"gratuit","nature_edito":"document","signes":22173,"refresh":"false","tags":"about-us"}},"components":{"all":false,"piano_analytics":true}}]}}}}; lmd.device = "desktop"; </script> <script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";var e;(function(e){e.exports=function(){for(var e,t="__tcfapiLocator",a=[],r=window;r;){try{if(r.frames[t]){e=r;break}}catch(e){}if(r===window.top)break;r=r.parent}e||(function e(){var a=r.document,n=!!r.frames[t];if(!n)if(a.body){var s=a.createElement("iframe");s.style.cssText="display:none",s.name=t,a.body.appendChild(s)}else setTimeout(e,5);return!n}(),r.__tcfapi=function(){for(var e,t=arguments.length,r=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)r[n]=arguments[n];if(!r.length)return a;if("setGdprApplies"===r[0])r.length>3&&2===parseInt(r[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof r[3]&&(e=r[3],"function"==typeof r[2]&&r[2]("set",!0));else if("ping"===r[0]){var s={gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"};"function"==typeof r[2]&&r[2](s)}else a.push(r)},r.addEventListener("message",(function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data,a={};try{a=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){}var r=a.__tcfapiCall;r&&window.__tcfapi(r.command,r.version,(function(a,n){var s={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:a,success:n,callId:r.callId}};t&&(s=JSON.stringify(s)),e&&e.source&&e.source.postMessage&&e.source.postMessage(s,"*")}),r.parameter)}),!1))}}(e={exports:{}},e.exports),e.exports)()}();</script> <script type="text/javascript">var GDPR_CONFIG = {"displayMode":"standard","usePiano":true,"usePianoAsyncCommands":true,"pianoIdData":{"siteIdKey":"lmd_site_id","siteIdValue":"43260"}};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cmp.lemonde.fr/js/lemonde-en.min.js" async="1" onerror="(function(){window.cmpLoadFailed=true;document.dispatchEvent(new Event('gdprCmpLoadFailed'));})()"></script> <script> if(typeof Promise === 'undefined' || (sessionStorage.fontsFirst && sessionStorage.fontsLast && 'fonts' in document)) { document.documentElement.classList.add('fonts-loaded'); } </script> <style type="text/css">@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:The Antiqua B;font-stretch:25% 150%;font-style:normal;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/variables/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB-LeMonde.b353d5d190089f96.woff2) format("woff2-variations"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/variables/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB-LeMonde.b353d5d190089f96.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:The Antiqua B standard;font-style:normal;font-weight:800;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.aa422a41ddcabe4b.eot);src:local("TheAntiquaB_LT_800"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.aa422a41ddcabe4b.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.a5e223e59d84d843.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.ae7988b2d6c42dc2.woff) format("woff"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/the-antiqua-b/TheAntiquaB_LT_800.f1b6a43f72ebe70d.svg#TheAntiquaB_LT_800) format("svg")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Marr Sans Condensed;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.54afa03f9c5947cd.eot);src:url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.54afa03f9c5947cd.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.133dea79c01db68e.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/en/bucket/resources/english/english/fonts/marr-sans-cond/MarrSansCondensed-Medium-Web.3a8ed51cac63c624.woff) format("woff")}.weight--hairline{font-weight:100}.weight--thin{font-weight:200}.weight--light{font-weight:300}.weight--normal{font-weight:400}.weight--medium{font-weight:500}.weight--semibold{font-weight:600}.weight--bold{font-weight:700}.weight--extrabold{font-weight:800}.weight--black{font-weight:900}[data-af-custom-fonts=af-creatives-text]{font-family:Marr Sans,sans-serif!important} </style> <script>(()=>{var e={9910:e=>{!function(){function t(e,t){document.addEventListener?e.addEventListener("scroll",t,!1):e.attachEvent("scroll",t)}function n(e){this.g=document.createElement("div"),this.g.setAttribute("aria-hidden","true"),this.g.appendChild(document.createTextNode(e)),this.h=document.createElement("span"),this.i=document.createElement("span"),this.m=document.createElement("span"),this.j=document.createElement("span"),this.l=-1,this.h.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;",this.i.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;",this.j.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;",this.m.style.cssText="display:inline-block;width:200%;height:200%;font-size:16px;max-width:none;",this.h.appendChild(this.m),this.i.appendChild(this.j),this.g.appendChild(this.h),this.g.appendChild(this.i)}function i(e,t){e.g.style.cssText="max-width:none;min-width:20px;min-height:20px;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:auto;margin:0;padding:0;top:-999px;white-space:nowrap;font-synthesis:none;font:"+t+";"}function o(e){var t=e.g.offsetWidth,n=t+100;return e.j.style.width=n+"px",e.i.scrollLeft=n,e.h.scrollLeft=e.h.scrollWidth+100,e.l!==t&&(e.l=t,!0)}function s(e,n){function i(){var e=s;o(e)&&null!==e.g.parentNode&&n(e.l)}var s=e;t(e.h,i),t(e.i,i),o(e)}function a(e,t,n){t=t||{},n=n||window,this.family=e,this.style=t.style||"normal",this.weight=t.weight||"normal",this.stretch=t.stretch||"normal",this.context=n}var r=null,d=null,l=null,c=null;function h(e){return null===c&&(c=!!e.document.fonts),c}function u(e,t){var n=e.style,i=e.weight;if(null===l){var o=document.createElement("div");try{o.style.font="condensed 100px sans-serif"}catch(e){}l=""!==o.style.font}return[n,i,l?e.stretch:"","100px",t].join(" ")}a.prototype.load=function(e,t){var o=this,a=e||"BESbswy",l=0,c=t||3e3,f=(new Date).getTime();return new Promise((function(e,t){if(h(o.context)&&!function(e){return null===d&&(h(e)&&/Apple/.test(window.navigator.vendor)?(e=/AppleWebKit\/([0-9]+)(?:\.([0-9]+))(?:\.([0-9]+))/.exec(window.navigator.userAgent),d=!!e&&603>parseInt(e[1],10)):d=!1),d}(o.context)){var m=new Promise((function(e,t){!function n(){(new Date).getTime()-f>=c?t(Error(c+"ms timeout exceeded")):o.context.document.fonts.load(u(o,'"'+o.family+'"'),a).then((function(t){1<=t.length?e():setTimeout(n,25)}),t)}()})),p=new Promise((function(e,t){l=setTimeout((function(){t(Error(c+"ms timeout exceeded"))}),c)}));Promise.race([p,m]).then((function(){clearTimeout(l),e(o)}),t)}else!function(e){document.body?e():document.addEventListener?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",(function t(){document.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t),e()})):document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",(function t(){"interactive"!=document.readyState&&"complete"!=document.readyState||(document.detachEvent("onreadystatechange",t),e())}))}((function(){function d(){var t;(t=-1!=w&&-1!=g||-1!=w&&-1!=v||-1!=g&&-1!=v)&&((t=w!=g&&w!=v&&g!=v)||(null===r&&(t=/AppleWebKit\/([0-9]+)(?:\.([0-9]+))/.exec(window.navigator.userAgent),r=!!t&&(536>parseInt(t[1],10)||536===parseInt(t[1],10)&&11>=parseInt(t[2],10))),t=r&&(w==x&&g==x&&v==x||w==y&&g==y&&v==y||w==E&&g==E&&v==E)),t=!t),t&&(null!==T.parentNode&&T.parentNode.removeChild(T),clearTimeout(l),e(o))}var h=new n(a),m=new n(a),p=new n(a),w=-1,g=-1,v=-1,x=-1,y=-1,E=-1,T=document.createElement("div");T.dir="ltr",i(h,u(o,"sans-serif")),i(m,u(o,"serif")),i(p,u(o,"monospace")),T.appendChild(h.g),T.appendChild(m.g),T.appendChild(p.g),o.context.document.body.appendChild(T),x=h.g.offsetWidth,y=m.g.offsetWidth,E=p.g.offsetWidth,function e(){if((new Date).getTime()-f>=c)null!==T.parentNode&&T.parentNode.removeChild(T),t(Error(c+"ms timeout exceeded"));else{var n=o.context.document.hidden;!0!==n&&void 0!==n||(w=h.g.offsetWidth,g=m.g.offsetWidth,v=p.g.offsetWidth,d()),l=setTimeout(e,50)}}(),s(h,(function(e){w=e,d()})),i(h,u(o,'"'+o.family+'",sans-serif')),s(m,(function(e){g=e,d()})),i(m,u(o,'"'+o.family+'",serif')),s(p,(function(e){v=e,d()})),i(p,u(o,'"'+o.family+'",monospace'))}))}))},e.exports=a}()}},t={};function n(i){var o=t[i];if(void 0!==o)return o.exports;var s=t[i]={exports:{}};return e[i](s,s.exports,n),s.exports}n.n=e=>{var t=e&&e.__esModule?()=>e.default:()=>e;return n.d(t,{a:t}),t},n.d=(e,t)=>{for(var i in t)n.o(t,i)&&!n.o(e,i)&&Object.defineProperty(e,i,{enumerable:!0,get:t[i]})},n.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),(()=>{"use strict";var e=n(9910),t=n.n(e);const i=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{weight:500}),o=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{style:"italic",weight:500}),s=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{weight:700}),a=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{style:"italic",weight:700}),r=new(t())("The Antiqua B",{weight:800}),d=new(t())("Marr Sans",{weight:400}),l=new(t())("Marr Sans",{weight:500}),c=new(t())("Marr Sans",{weight:600}),h=new(t())("Marr Sans Condensed",{weight:500}),u=new(t())("Marr Sans Condensed",{weight:600}),f=new(t())("Marr Sans Condensed",{weight:700});"undefined"==typeof Promise||sessionStorage.fontsFirst&&sessionStorage.fontsLast||Promise.all([r.load(),h.load()]).then((()=>{sessionStorage.fontsFirst=!0,document.documentElement.classList.add("fonts-loaded"),Promise.all([c.load(),u.load(),f.load(),d.load(),l.load(),i.load(),o.load(),s.load(),a.load()]).then((()=>{sessionStorage.fontsLast=!0}))}))})()})();</script> <link rel="stylesheet" data-critical-name="article-free-desktop" data-critical-type="url" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/article.49637d6b1ef8ceb4.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/icons.7c71116ac638a3b8.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/icons.7c71116ac638a3b8.css"></noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/fonts_last.a5b681a9b8ce60da.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/css/fonts_last.a5b681a9b8ce60da.css"></noscript> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive"> <meta name="robots" content="max-video-preview:3"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1"> <meta name="pbstck_context:site_name" content="LM_lemonde_en"> <meta name="pbstck_context:inventory_type" content="web"> <meta name="pbstck_context:device" content="desktop"> <meta name="pbstck_context:page_type" content="article"> <meta name="pbstck_context:environment" content="prod"> <meta name="pbstck_context:section" content="divers"> <meta name="pbstck_context:subsection" content="divers"> <meta name="pbstck_context:user_status" content="default"> <meta name="ad:article_has_video" content=""> <meta name="ad:article_id" content="5979823"> <meta name="ad:article_is_longform" content=""> <meta name="ad:article_type" content="Article"> <meta name="ad:keywords" content="about-us"> <meta name="ad:rub" content="about-us"> <meta name="ad:rubrique_id" content="5974324"> <meta name="ad:rubriques" content="about-us"> <meta name="ad:teaser" content=""> <title>Groupe Le Monde's Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct</title> <meta name="description" content="This Code came into effect on Tuesday, 2 November 2010."> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Le Monde.fr"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Groupe Le Monde's Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct"> <meta property="og:description" content="This Code came into effect on Tuesday, 2 November 2010."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/article/2022/04/06/groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct_5979823_115.html"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://asset.lemde.fr/medias/img/social-network/default.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1880"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="984"/> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"/> <meta property="og:article:section" content="About us"/> <meta property="og:article:content_tier" content="free"/> <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2022-04-06T09:42:42+00:00"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@LeMonde_EN"> <meta property="twitter:url" content="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/article/2022/04/06/groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct_5979823_115.html"> <meta property="twitter:title" content="Groupe Le Monde's Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct"> <meta property="twitter:description" content="This Code came into effect on Tuesday, 2 November 2010."> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://asset.lemde.fr/medias/img/social-network/default.png"> <meta property="al:ios:url" content="lmfr://en/element/article/5979823?x4=8&xto=AL-8-%5BAutres%5D"> <meta property="al:android:url" content="lmfr://en/element/article/5979823?x4=8&xto=AL-8-%5BAutres%5D"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="166878320861"> <meta property="fb:page_id" content="14892757589"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/article/2022/04/06/groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct_5979823_115.html"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/img/logos/favicon.e92b44c2b7f5c147.ico"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="/bucket/resources/front/static/img/logos/pwa-180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="/bucket/resources/front/static/img/logos/pwa-180.png"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/about-us/rss_full.xml" title="Le Monde.fr : About us"> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="ads" data-gdpr-inline>// Ads by Google !function(C,O,U,R,I,E,T){ var q = (a) => {a = a || O; return C.createElement(a)}, t = (a) => {U[E] = {};U[E].a = a}, p = (u, e) => { var a = q(), b = C.querySelector(O); a.src = R + u; if (e) { a.onerror = () => t(T);a.onload = () => t(!T) }; b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b) }, d = () => { try { if (U[E].a) p(I + "/cidbmp/adv.js"); else { if (Math.random()>0.1) return; var a = q("img"); a.style = "display:none!important;"; a.src = R + I + "/dbabp/noa" + E + "?clientWidth=" + U.innerWidth + "&network=mpub&sa=10"; C.body.appendChild(a); } } catch (e) { setTimeout(d, 100); } }; p("pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9945624415527048", T); d(); }(document, "script", window, "https://", "storage.googleapis.com", "dblock", !0); </script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/vendor.3aee036b216e2a97.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/batch_load.7e7c6e51a1c07e71.js" async="1"></script> <script async id="ebx" src="//applets.ebxcdn.com/ebx.js"></script> <link href="https://mastodon.social/@lemonde" rel="me"> <script id="__EDGEE_DATA_LAYER__" type="application/json"> {"data_collection":{"events":[{"type":"page","data":[],"components":{"all":false}},{"type":"track","data":{"name":"page.edgee","properties":{"consent":"not found","consent_at":"exempt","edition":"en","population":"gratuit","producteur":"edito","site_level2":"94","page_chapter1":"about-us","page_chapter2":"","page_chapter3":"","page":"groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct","tags_array":["about-us"],"id_article_1":5716,"type_de_page":"article","titre":"groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct","date_publication":"20220406","statut_article":"gratuit","nature_edito":"document","signes":22173,"refresh":"false","tags":"about-us"}},"components":{"all":false,"piano_analytics":true}}]}} </script> <script>(function(){(function(){if(typeof window.Event!="function"){var e=function(t,r){r=r||{bubbles:!1,cancelable:!1};var o=document.createEvent("Event");return o.initEvent(t,r.bubbles,r.cancelable),o};e.prototype=window.Event.prototype,window.Event=e}})();var M={h:"/_edgee/unsafe",p:"/.yOpzmzoxch395Oe8hvmY3R133BmH213m321Rw1yMyIv44lKkWKCylLOBSRRxKmol2rRQll8Pa2_jjCQPZNb8oMfcS67W8Mfswypp-kZ0_tVx4ynTXF1QFvFQkI7bzM90TV50SpG4t6xG57NnO5uxJY4cTLvTR_2owvvlzzcLvZtvYAhDhuTqIku5lbND-OTT7a408BSrahqTNml4UjYFnV2_w3CzSSWxWm-MGDMX8YcpXH4cGviKJhXPoL2clYlqwk8OV8f4jD5zlcmVPXYvttnZWfJBw3jzixZ.fMZkTRjfpQS",s:"c",t:!1,methods:["user","track","page","consent"]},u=M;function v(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function z(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return v(e)}function $(e){if(typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]!=null||e["@@iterator"]!=null)return Array.from(e)}function G(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function g(e){return z(e)||$(e)||H(e)||G()}function H(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return v(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return v(e,n)}}function b(){var e={},n=window.location.search;if(!n||n.charAt(0)!=="?"||n.length<=1)return e;for(var t=n.slice(1),r=t.split("&"),o=0;o<r.length;o++){var a=r[o].split("="),i=decodeURIComponent(a[0]),c=a.length>1?decodeURIComponent(a[1]):"";e[i]||(e[i]=c)}return e}var y=function(){var e=b()._edgeedebug;if(e!==null){if(e==="true")return document.cookie="_edgeedebug=true; path=/",!0;if(e==="false")return document.cookie="_edgeedebug=false; path=/",!1}return document.cookie.indexOf("_edgeedebug=true")!==-1},p=function(){for(var e=arguments.length,n=new Array(e),t=0;t<e;t++)n[t]=arguments[t];if(console&&typeof console.log=="function"&&y()){var r;(r=console).log.apply(r,g(["%cEDGEE","display: inline-block; color: #61d2a3; background: #231A26; padding: 1px 4px; border-radius: 3px;"].concat(g(n))))}},d=function(){for(var e=arguments.length,n=new Array(e),t=0;t<e;t++)n[t]=arguments[t];if(console&&typeof console.error=="function"&&y()){var r;(r=console).error.apply(r,g(["%cEDGEE","display: inline-block; color: #CB134A; background: #231A26; padding: 1px 4px; border-radius: 3px;"].concat(g(n))))}};function J(e){var n=u.p;u.t&&typeof localStorage!="undefined"&&(localStorage.getItem("_edgee")&&(n=n+"?e="+localStorage.getItem("_edgee")),localStorage.getItem("_edgee_u")&&(n=n+"&u="+localStorage.getItem("_edgee_u")));var t=JSON.stringify(e),r={"Content-Type":"application/json"};if(y()&&(r["Edgee-Debug"]="1"),u.h!=="y")if(typeof window.fetch=="function")fetch(n,{method:"POST",headers:r,body:t}).then(function(i){return i.ok?i.json():(d("Failed to send event to "+u.p+": "+i.status),[])}).then(function(i){return x(i)}).catch(function(i){return d("Failed to send event to "+u.p+": "+i)});else{var o=new XMLHttpRequest;o.open("POST",n,!0);for(var a in r)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,a)&&o.setRequestHeader(a,r[a]);o.onreadystatechange=function(){if(o.readyState===4){if(o.status!==200&&o.status!==204)d("Failed to send event to "+u.p+": "+o.status);else if(o.status===200)try{var i=JSON.parse(o.responseText);x(i)}catch(c){d("Failed to parse response: "+c)}}},o.onerror=function(){d("Failed to send event to "+u.p+": "+o.statusText)},o.send(t)}}function x(e){var n=e;if(u.t&&typeof localStorage!="undefined"&&(e.e&&localStorage.setItem("_edgee",e.e),e.u&&localStorage.setItem("_edgee_u",e.u),e.events&&(n=e.events)),n.length>0)for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++)p("\u25CB "+n[t].type+" event (client):",n[t])}var s=J;function _(e){N(function(n){var t=n!==null?JSON.parse(n.textContent):{};t.data_collection=t.data_collection||{},t.data_collection.context=t.data_collection.context||{},t.data_collection.events=t.data_collection.events||[],t.data_collection.context.client=t.data_collection.context.client||{};var r=Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone;r&&(t.data_collection.context.client.timezone=r);var o=window.screen?window.screen.width:0,a=window.screen?window.screen.height:0;o&&a&&(t.data_collection.context.client.screen_width=o,t.data_collection.context.client.screen_height=a);var i=window.devicePixelRatio;i&&(t.data_collection.context.client.screen_density=i);var c=b();t.data_collection.context.campaign=t.data_collection.context.campaign||{},c.utm_campaign&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.name=c.utm_campaign),c.utm_source&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.source=c.utm_source),c.utm_medium&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.medium=c.utm_medium),c.utm_term&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.term=c.utm_term),c.utm_content&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.content=c.utm_content),c.utm_creative_format&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.creative_format=c.utm_creative_format),c.utm_marketing_tactic&&(t.data_collection.context.campaign.marketing_tactic=c.utm_marketing_tactic),Object.keys(t.data_collection.context.campaign).length||delete t.data_collection.context.campaign;var l;document.querySelector('link[rel="canonical"]')&&document.querySelector('link[rel="canonical"]').getAttribute("href")&&(l=document.querySelector('link[rel="canonical"]').getAttribute("href"),l.indexOf("https://")!==0&&l.indexOf("http://")!==0&&l.indexOf("//")!==0&&(l=window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.host+l));var f;if(l){f=l.replace(/^https?:\/\//,"");var U=f.split("/")[0];f=f.replace(U,""),f=f.split("?")[0]}if(t.data_collection.context.page=t.data_collection.context.page||{},t.data_collection.context.page.url||(l?t.data_collection.context.page.url=l:t.data_collection.context.page.url=window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.host+window.location.pathname+window.location.search),t.data_collection.context.page.path||(f?t.data_collection.context.page.path=f:t.data_collection.context.page.path=window.location.pathname),!t.data_collection.context.page.search&&window.location.search!==""&&(t.data_collection.context.page.search=window.location.search),t.data_collection.context.page.title||(t.data_collection.context.page.title=document.title),!t.data_collection.context.page.keywords){var h=document.querySelector('meta[name="keywords"]');if(h){var V=h.getAttribute("content");t.data_collection.context.page.keywords=V.split(",").map(function(m){return m.trim()})}}document.referrer&&(t.data_collection.context.page.referrer=document.referrer),window.navigator.userAgentData&&window.Promise?window.navigator.userAgentData.getHighEntropyValues(["architecture","bitness","model","platformVersion","fullVersionList"]).then(function(m){Object.assign(t.data_collection.context.client,{user_agent_architecture:m.architecture,user_agent_bitness:m.bitness,user_agent_model:m.model,os_version:m.platformVersion,user_agent_full_version_list:m.fullVersionList.map(function(w){return"".concat(w.brand,";").concat(w.version)}).join("|")}),e(t)}).catch(function(){return e(t)}):(t.data_collection.context.client.user_agent=window.navigator.userAgent||"",e(t))})}function N(e){function n(){var t=document.getElementById("__EDGEE_DATA_LAYER__");t!==null?e(t):document.readyState==="complete"?e(null):document.onreadystatechange=function(){document.readyState==="complete"&&n()}}n()}function S(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function B(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return e}function L(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function Q(e,n){var t=e==null?null:typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]||e["@@iterator"];if(t!=null){var r=[],o=!0,a=!1,i,c;try{for(t=t.call(e);!(o=(i=t.next()).done)&&(r.push(i.value),!(n&&r.length===n));o=!0);}catch(l){a=!0,c=l}finally{try{!o&&t.return!=null&&t.return()}finally{if(a)throw c}}return r}}function X(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function O(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=arguments[n]!=null?arguments[n]:{},r=Object.keys(t);typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols=="function"&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t).filter(function(o){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,o).enumerable}))),r.forEach(function(o){L(e,o,t[o])})}return e}function Y(e,n){return B(e)||Q(e,n)||Z(e,n)||X()}function A(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function Z(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return S(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return S(e,n)}}function W(e){_(function(n){n.data_collection.events=[];var t={};if(t.type="page",e.length!==0){var r=Y(e,2),o=r[0],a=r[1];typeof o=="string"?t.data=o:(typeof o=="undefined"?"undefined":A(o))==="object"&&(t.data=O({},n.data_collection.context.page,o)),(typeof a=="undefined"?"undefined":A(a))==="object"&&(t.components=O({},n.data_collection.components,a))}n.data_collection.events.push(t),s(n)})}var E=W;function j(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function K(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return e}function ee(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function te(e,n){var t=e==null?null:typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]||e["@@iterator"];if(t!=null){var r=[],o=!0,a=!1,i,c;try{for(t=t.call(e);!(o=(i=t.next()).done)&&(r.push(i.value),!(n&&r.length===n));o=!0);}catch(l){a=!0,c=l}finally{try{!o&&t.return!=null&&t.return()}finally{if(a)throw c}}return r}}function ne(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function re(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=arguments[n]!=null?arguments[n]:{},r=Object.keys(t);typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols=="function"&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t).filter(function(o){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,o).enumerable}))),r.forEach(function(o){ee(e,o,t[o])})}return e}function oe(e,n){return K(e)||te(e,n)||ae(e,n)||ne()}function P(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function ae(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return j(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return j(e,n)}}function ie(e){var n="Event name is required to track an event";if(e.length===0){d(n);return}_(function(t){t.data_collection.events=[];var r={};r.type="track",r.data={};var o=oe(e,2),a=o[0],i=o[1];if(typeof a=="string")r.data.name=a;else if((typeof a=="undefined"?"undefined":P(a))==="object"){if(!a.name){d(n);return}r.data=a}if(r.data.name===""){d(n);return}(typeof i=="undefined"?"undefined":P(i))==="object"&&(r.components=re({},t.data_collection.components,i)),t.data_collection.events.push(r),s(t)})}var I=ie;function D(e,n){(n==null||n>e.length)&&(n=e.length);for(var t=0,r=new Array(n);t<n;t++)r[t]=e[t];return r}function ce(e){if(Array.isArray(e))return e}function le(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function ue(e,n){var t=e==null?null:typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e[Symbol.iterator]||e["@@iterator"];if(t!=null){var r=[],o=!0,a=!1,i,c;try{for(t=t.call(e);!(o=(i=t.next()).done)&&(r.push(i.value),!(n&&r.length===n));o=!0);}catch(l){a=!0,c=l}finally{try{!o&&t.return!=null&&t.return()}finally{if(a)throw c}}return r}}function fe(){throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.")}function k(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=arguments[n]!=null?arguments[n]:{},r=Object.keys(t);typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols=="function"&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t).filter(function(o){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,o).enumerable}))),r.forEach(function(o){le(e,o,t[o])})}return e}function de(e,n){return ce(e)||ue(e,n)||se(e,n)||fe()}function T(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function se(e,n){if(e){if(typeof e=="string")return D(e,n);var t=Object.prototype.toString.call(e).slice(8,-1);if(t==="Object"&&e.constructor&&(t=e.constructor.name),t==="Map"||t==="Set")return Array.from(t);if(t==="Arguments"||/^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t))return D(e,n)}}function pe(e){_(function(n){n.data_collection.events=[];var t={};if(t.type="user",t.data={},e.length!==0){var r=de(e,2),o=r[0],a=r[1];typeof o=="string"?t.data.userId=o:(typeof o=="undefined"?"undefined":T(o))==="object"&&(t.data=k({},n.data_collection.context.user,o)),(typeof a=="undefined"?"undefined":T(a))==="object"&&(t.components=k({},n.data_collection.components,a))}n.data_collection.events.push(t),s(n)})}var C=pe;function _e(e){var n={};n.data_collection={},e[0]&&typeof e[0]=="string"&&(n.data_collection.consent=e[0]),s(n),p("- Consent set to:",n.data_collection.consent)}var q=_e;function me(){_(function(e){if(e.data_collection.events.length===0){var n={};n.type="page",e.data_collection.events.push(n)}s(e)})}var R=me;function ge(e){"@swc/helpers - typeof";return e&&typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&e.constructor===Symbol?"symbol":typeof e}function ye(){var e=window.edgee=window.edgee||[];if(e.load)return;e.load=!0,e.factory=function(l){return function(){var f=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);return c(l,f),e}};for(var n=0;n<u.methods.length;n++){var t=u.methods[n];e[t]=e.factory(t)}var r=document.currentScript,o=r==null?void 0:r.src;if(o&&(o.indexOf("http://")===0||o.indexOf("https://")===0||o.indexOf("//")===0)){o=o.replace("https://",""),o=o.replace("http://",""),o=o.replace(/^\/\//,"");var a=o.split("/")[0];a!==window.location.host?(u.t=!0,u.p="https://".concat(a,"/_edgee/csevent"),u.s="c",p("Edgee SDK used as third party. Event path set to "+u.p)):p("Event path set to "+u.p)}else p("Event path set to "+u.p);if(u.s!=="e")R();else if(ge(window._edgee_events)==="object"&&window._edgee_events.length>0)for(var i=0;i<window._edgee_events.length;i++)p("\u25C9 ".concat(window._edgee_events[i].type," event (edge):"),window._edgee_events[i]);window.dispatchEvent(new Event("edgee:loaded"));function c(l,f){l==="page"?E(f):l==="track"?I(f):l==="user"?C(f):l==="consent"&&q(f)}}var F=ye;window.edgee||F();})();</script> </head> <body id="js-body" class=" lmd-lang-en lmd-has-new-teaser"> <svg style="display: none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <symbol id="lmd-icon-m-abo" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="#FFC700" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"/> <path fill="#2A303C" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M19.0334 7.94603c-.6672.41266-.8891.96964-.8891 1.8309v6.87167c0 .4318.0516.6279.2734.7544l.2223.126.6144-.3781.2055.4319-2.135 1.3462-.7339-.5213c-.3254-.2332-.4626-.5205-.4626-1.077v-6.1364c0-1.1479.3427-1.75888.8208-2.13496l.2734-.21526-2.0151-1.23889-.9049.57392v8.93659c0 .7535-.1023.8614-.7352 1.202 0 0-.4944.2517-1.1763.6284h-.1369V9.04126c0-.48401-.052-.59246-.308-.80746l-.7165-.60987-.8714.51971v5.13266c0 .8967-.1363 1.5427-.81943 1.9908l-1.70718 1.1308-.17178-.3045c.5301-.4314.64919-1.0422.64919-1.7595V9.09481c0-.77182-.10147-1.07651-.87079-.93284-.28999.05305-.73409.12536-1.0073.16102-1.12746.16195-1.60596-.68167-.83729-1.74008 0 0 .18834-.26927.66617-.91592l.37662.26992-.27408.41267c-.35833.53914-.06815.826.51289.60984.273-.10774.80201-.32233 1.17776-.4847 1.62165-.6634 2.21992.43117 2.30522 1.07738l2.0157-1.27412 1.7403 1.39904 2.1513-1.39904 1.6569.98726c.5632.33995.8366.19674 1.2295-.01897l.3246-.17911.2558.4488-.699.43007ZM8.4972 18.9461c-.17068-.5032-.66551-1.0232-1.55395-1.0589-.83727-.018-2.03265.3235-3.02231 1.1131l-.18852-.2516c.71773-.8258 2.39118-2.153 4.14955-2.1715.92283 0 1.57157.3235 2.03265.8438l.76888-.449.2221.4671-2.4084 1.507Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-nav-arrow" viewBox="0 0 7 12"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M5.62 11.77.24 6.55C.16 6.48.11 6.39.06 6.3.02 6.2 0 6.1 0 6s.02-.2.06-.3c.04-.1.1-.18.18-.25L5.62.23c.15-.15.36-.23.57-.23s.42.08.57.23c.15.15.24.35.24.55s-.09.41-.24.55L1.95 6l4.81 4.66c.15.15.24.35.24.55s-.09.41-.24.55c-.15.15-.36.23-.57.23s-.42-.08-.57-.23Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-phosphor-bookmark-simple-regular" viewBox="0 0 256 256"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M184,32H72A16,16,0,0,0,56,48V224a8,8,0,0,0,12.24,6.78L128,193.43l59.77,37.35A8,8,0,0,0,200,224V48A16,16,0,0,0,184,32Zm0,177.57-51.77-32.35a8,8,0,0,0-8.48,0L72,209.57V48H184Z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-phosphor-bookmark-simple-fill" viewBox="0 0 256 256"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M184,32H72A16,16,0,0,0,56,48V224a8,8,0,0,0,12.24,6.78L128,193.43l59.77,37.35A8,8,0,0,0,200,224V48A16,16,0,0,0,184,32Z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="lmd-icon-phosphor-timer-regular" viewBox="0 0 256 256"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M128,40a96,96,0,1,0,96,96A96.11,96.11,0,0,0,128,40Zm0,176a80,80,0,1,1,80-80A80.09,80.09,0,0,1,128,216ZM173.66,90.34a8,8,0,0,1,0,11.32l-40,40a8,8,0,0,1-11.32-11.32l40-40A8,8,0,0,1,173.66,90.34ZM96,16a8,8,0,0,1,8-8h48a8,8,0,0,1,0,16H104A8,8,0,0,1,96,16Z"></path> </symbol> </svg> <div id="cover" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp-unloaded" data-format="cover" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div id="Header" class=" old__header"> <header class="Header"> <div class="left"> <p class="Header__englishdate"> <strong class="date">Monday, February 17, 2025</strong> <br/> <span>10:15 pm (Paris)</span> </p> <button id="Burger-mobile" class="Burger js-nav-burger"> <span class="Burger__icon"> <span class="sr-only">Navigation</span> </span> </button> </div> <div class="center"> <div class="Header__logo"> <a href="/en/"> <div class="logo__lemonde logo--full"></div> <span class="sr-only">Go Back to the HomePage</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="Header__actions Header__actions--desktop old__header-actions-right"> <a class="Header__connexion js-header-login" href="https://secure.lemonde.fr/sfuser/connexion"> <span class="icon__nav-connexion"> <span class="sr-only">Sign in</span> </span> <span class="login-info">Sign in</span> </a> <a href="https://abo.lemonde.fr/en/?lmd_medium=BOUTONS_LMFR&lmd_campaign=BOUTONS_LMEA&lmd_position=HEADER&lmd_sequence=94&lmd_type_de_page=Article" class="Header__subscription btn btn--premium js-btn-premium">Subscribe</a> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div class="Header__nav-container"> <nav id="Nav" class="Nav Nav--free lmd-u-shadow" data-sticky="0" data-is-home=0> <div id="nav-desktop" class="wrapper Nav--hidden"> <ul id="nav-markup" class=""> <li class="Nav__item js-burger-to-show Nav__item--hide"> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item-home Nav__item--extended"> <a href="/en/" class="Burger__right-arrow" data-target="a-la-une"> <span class="icon__home"></span> <span class="js-burger-to-show">Home</span> <span class="sr-only">Go Back to the HomePage</span> </a> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable Nav__item-actualites"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown Burger__right-arrow" data-target="news" role="button" aria-expanded="false">News</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open Nav__sub-item-actualites"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left"> <span>In the news</span> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/donald-trump/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Donald Trump</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">French Politics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/artificial-intelligence/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Artificial Intelligence</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/israel-hamas-war/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Israel-Hamas war</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/middle-east-crisis/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Middle East wars</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/war-in-ukraine/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">War in Ukraine</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/nicolas-sarkozy/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pfas/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">PFAS</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/los-angeles-fires/" data-suggestion class="js-actu-tag">Los Angeles fires</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right Nav__container--mobile"> <span> All sections </span> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--list old__nav-content-list"> <ul class="old__nav-content-list-container"> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/global-issues/">Global issues</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/">Economy</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/environment/">Environment</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/science/">Science</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/investigations/">Investigations</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/">Magazine</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/obituaries/">Obituaries</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/food/">Food</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sports/">Sports</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/">Lifestyle</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/">Culture</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/intimacy/">Intimacy</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pixels/">Pixels</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/">Les Décodeurs</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/religions/">Religion</a> </li> <li class="old__nav-content-list-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/">About Us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="World" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">World</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/" class="Nav__sub-title">World</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/united-states/"> United States </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/"> Africa </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/middle-east/"> Middle East </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/asia-and-pacific/"> Asia and Pacific </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/letter-from/"> Letters from </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/17/volodymyr-zelensky-s-great-solitude_6738267_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/2400/1600/360/0/95/0/bffa640_ftp-import-images-1-kh2153kgnrkh-5038682-01-06.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/2400/1600/180/0/95/0/bffa640_ftp-import-images-1-kh2153kgnrkh-5038682-01-06.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky at the Munich Security Conference in Germany, on February 15, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/2400/1600/360/0/95/0/bffa640_ftp-import-images-1-kh2153kgnrkh-5038682-01-06.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/2400/1600/180/0/95/0/bffa640_ftp-import-images-1-kh2153kgnrkh-5038682-01-06.jpg" alt="Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky at the Munich Security Conference in Germany, on February 15, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Volodymyr Zelensky's great solitude</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/17/after-goma-drc-s-bukavu-falls-under-m23-rebels-control_6738261_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5472/3648/360/0/95/0/9b6be2c_ftp-import-images-1-ebqwoyvu74k5-5034907-01-06.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5472/3648/180/0/95/0/9b6be2c_ftp-import-images-1-ebqwoyvu74k5-5034907-01-06.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5472/3648/360/0/95/0/9b6be2c_ftp-import-images-1-ebqwoyvu74k5-5034907-01-06.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5472/3648/180/0/95/0/9b6be2c_ftp-import-images-1-ebqwoyvu74k5-5034907-01-06.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">After Goma, DRC's Bukavu falls under M23 rebels' control</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/17/hamas-maintains-control-in-gaza-through-surveillance-and-fear_6738255_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/6252/4168/360/0/95/0/160a2c2_sirius-fs-upload-1-censovyxmnfd-1739717428760-110594.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/6252/4168/180/0/95/0/160a2c2_sirius-fs-upload-1-censovyxmnfd-1739717428760-110594.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Hamas fighters in Khan Yunis, in the Gaza Strip, February 15"> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/6252/4168/360/0/95/0/160a2c2_sirius-fs-upload-1-censovyxmnfd-1739717428760-110594.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/6252/4168/180/0/95/0/160a2c2_sirius-fs-upload-1-censovyxmnfd-1739717428760-110594.jpg" alt="Hamas fighters in Khan Yunis, in the Gaza Strip, February 15"></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Hamas maintains control in Gaza through surveillance and fear</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/17/the-week-the-us-shook-europe-s-world_6738249_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/8083/5388/360/0/95/0/71422a6_sirius-fs-upload-1-whhbycflegy2-1739725796466-112449.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/8083/5388/180/0/95/0/71422a6_sirius-fs-upload-1-whhbycflegy2-1739725796466-112449.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="At the Munich Security Conference over the weekend, US vice president JD Vance made a hostile speech against his allies, dumbfounding the Europeans."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/8083/5388/360/0/95/0/71422a6_sirius-fs-upload-1-whhbycflegy2-1739725796466-112449.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/16/0/0/8083/5388/180/0/95/0/71422a6_sirius-fs-upload-1-whhbycflegy2-1739725796466-112449.jpg" alt="At the Munich Security Conference over the weekend, US vice president JD Vance made a hostile speech against his allies, dumbfounding the Europeans."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">The week the US shook Europe's world</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="Europe" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">Europe</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/europe/" class="Nav__sub-title">Europe</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/european-union/"> European Union </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/united-kingdom/"> United Kingdom </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/war-in-ukraine/"> War in Ukraine </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/15/in-munich-jd-vance-declares-ideological-war-on-europe_6738189_4.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/138/5223/3482/360/0/95/0/409fe7e_ftp-import-images-1-u3ivnyhozb74-2025-02-14t140109z-199412292-rc2ducamc50h-rtrmadp-3-security-munich-usa-vance.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/138/5223/3482/180/0/95/0/409fe7e_ftp-import-images-1-u3ivnyhozb74-2025-02-14t140109z-199412292-rc2ducamc50h-rtrmadp-3-security-munich-usa-vance.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="JD Vance at the Munich Security Conference (MSC) in southern Germany, February 14, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/138/5223/3482/360/0/95/0/409fe7e_ftp-import-images-1-u3ivnyhozb74-2025-02-14t140109z-199412292-rc2ducamc50h-rtrmadp-3-security-munich-usa-vance.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/138/5223/3482/180/0/95/0/409fe7e_ftp-import-images-1-u3ivnyhozb74-2025-02-14t140109z-199412292-rc2ducamc50h-rtrmadp-3-security-munich-usa-vance.JPG" alt="JD Vance at the Munich Security Conference (MSC) in southern Germany, February 14, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">World</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">In Munich, JD Vance declares ideological war on Europe</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/europe/article/2025/02/14/europe-s-unity-is-being-tested-by-ukraine-negotiations-between-washington-and-moscow_6738167_143.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/09/182/0/7650/5100/360/0/95/0/bdf51c3_sirius-fs-upload-1-yfmdifsvlmg8-1739122420679-raf-ukr-kyiv-9feb25-006.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/09/182/0/7650/5100/180/0/95/0/bdf51c3_sirius-fs-upload-1-yfmdifsvlmg8-1739122420679-raf-ukr-kyiv-9feb25-006.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="Signs in honor of Ukrainians who died during the war, in the Podil district of Kyiv, Ukraine, February 9, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/09/182/0/7650/5100/360/0/95/0/bdf51c3_sirius-fs-upload-1-yfmdifsvlmg8-1739122420679-raf-ukr-kyiv-9feb25-006.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/09/182/0/7650/5100/180/0/95/0/bdf51c3_sirius-fs-upload-1-yfmdifsvlmg8-1739122420679-raf-ukr-kyiv-9feb25-006.JPG" alt="Signs in honor of Ukrainians who died during the war, in the Podil district of Kyiv, Ukraine, February 9, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Europe</div> <p class="article__title">Europe's unity is being tested by Ukraine negotiations between Washington and Moscow</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/02/12/in-serbia-and-slovakia-demonstrators-defend-the-eu-s-values_6738065_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/05/0/0/6000/4000/360/0/95/0/b4a800a_ftp-import-images-1-srmbsaakg7gy-2025-02-05t125503z-1330986590-rc29oca5wrjz-rtrmadp-3-serbia-protests.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/05/0/0/6000/4000/180/0/95/0/b4a800a_ftp-import-images-1-srmbsaakg7gy-2025-02-05t125503z-1330986590-rc29oca5wrjz-rtrmadp-3-serbia-protests.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="A student demonstration in Belgrade on February 5, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/05/0/0/6000/4000/360/0/95/0/b4a800a_ftp-import-images-1-srmbsaakg7gy-2025-02-05t125503z-1330986590-rc29oca5wrjz-rtrmadp-3-serbia-protests.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/05/0/0/6000/4000/180/0/95/0/b4a800a_ftp-import-images-1-srmbsaakg7gy-2025-02-05t125503z-1330986590-rc29oca5wrjz-rtrmadp-3-serbia-protests.JPG" alt="A student demonstration in Belgrade on February 5, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">In Serbia and Slovakia, demonstrators defend the EU's values</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/europe/article/2025/01/30/poland-s-jewish-community-cautiously-re-emerges_6737582_143.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/27/0/0/5385/3590/360/0/95/0/eb9b634_sirius-fs-upload-1-1hl9pd4xwfkv-1737999197616-dscf2352.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/27/0/0/5385/3590/180/0/95/0/eb9b634_sirius-fs-upload-1-1hl9pd4xwfkv-1737999197616-dscf2352.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/27/0/0/5385/3590/360/0/95/0/eb9b634_sirius-fs-upload-1-1hl9pd4xwfkv-1737999197616-dscf2352.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/27/0/0/5385/3590/180/0/95/0/eb9b634_sirius-fs-upload-1-1hl9pd4xwfkv-1737999197616-dscf2352.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Europe</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Poland's Jewish community cautiously 're-emerges'</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="France" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">France</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/" class="Nav__sub-title">France</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/"> French Politics </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/"> Emmanuel Macron </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/paris/"> Paris </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/02/17/the-multifaceted-neo-nazi-threat-in-france_6738264_7.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3940/2627/360/0/95/0/284f1c1_sirius-fs-upload-1-qefl0yucr0mz-1739552995810-sipa-01051844-000001.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3940/2627/180/0/95/0/284f1c1_sirius-fs-upload-1-qefl0yucr0mz-1739552995810-sipa-01051844-000001.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Members of Zouaves Paris, Villepinte (Seine-Saint-Denis), December 5, 2021."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3940/2627/360/0/95/0/284f1c1_sirius-fs-upload-1-qefl0yucr0mz-1739552995810-sipa-01051844-000001.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3940/2627/180/0/95/0/284f1c1_sirius-fs-upload-1-qefl0yucr0mz-1739552995810-sipa-01051844-000001.jpg" alt="Members of Zouaves Paris, Villepinte (Seine-Saint-Denis), December 5, 2021."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">France</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">The multifaceted neo-Nazi threat in France</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/02/17/paris-wants-more-visible-police-less-visible-garbage_6738266_7.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/1/0/8192/5461/360/0/95/0/00f61be_sirius-fs-upload-1-lddhxjebst37-1739546486441-000-9pw8jm.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/1/0/8192/5461/180/0/95/0/00f61be_sirius-fs-upload-1-lddhxjebst37-1739546486441-000-9pw8jm.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Municipal police officers in front of Paris City Hall, October 18, 2021."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/1/0/8192/5461/360/0/95/0/00f61be_sirius-fs-upload-1-lddhxjebst37-1739546486441-000-9pw8jm.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/1/0/8192/5461/180/0/95/0/00f61be_sirius-fs-upload-1-lddhxjebst37-1739546486441-000-9pw8jm.jpg" alt="Municipal police officers in front of Paris City Hall, October 18, 2021."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">France</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Paris wants more visible police, less visible garbage</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pixels/article/2025/02/14/apple-targeted-by-french-complaint-over-siri-recording-private-data_6738155_13.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/0/3000/2000/360/0/95/0/d46f2f7_sirius-fs-upload-1-xhy5lldh0plf-1739462444474-siri.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/0/3000/2000/180/0/95/0/d46f2f7_sirius-fs-upload-1-xhy5lldh0plf-1739462444474-siri.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/0/3000/2000/360/0/95/0/d46f2f7_sirius-fs-upload-1-xhy5lldh0plf-1739462444474-siri.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/0/3000/2000/180/0/95/0/d46f2f7_sirius-fs-upload-1-xhy5lldh0plf-1739462444474-siri.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Pixels</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Apple targeted by French complaint over Siri recording private data</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/02/14/louis-the-american-sarkozy-s-return-to-france-in-his-father-s-footsteps_6738147_7.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3600/2400/360/0/95/0/8336c37_sirius-fs-upload-1-kozgmwgty6tu-1739502250510-8336c37-sirius-fs-upload-1-ngd0xd0rgzhy-1739343232936-keyssar-louissarkozy-020.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3600/2400/180/0/95/0/8336c37_sirius-fs-upload-1-kozgmwgty6tu-1739502250510-8336c37-sirius-fs-upload-1-ngd0xd0rgzhy-1739343232936-keyssar-louissarkozy-020.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3600/2400/360/0/95/0/8336c37_sirius-fs-upload-1-kozgmwgty6tu-1739502250510-8336c37-sirius-fs-upload-1-ngd0xd0rgzhy-1739343232936-keyssar-louissarkozy-020.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/3600/2400/180/0/95/0/8336c37_sirius-fs-upload-1-kozgmwgty6tu-1739502250510-8336c37-sirius-fs-upload-1-ngd0xd0rgzhy-1739343232936-keyssar-louissarkozy-020.JPG" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">France</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Louis 'the American' Sarkozy returns to France in his father's footsteps</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="Videos" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">Videos</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/" class="Nav__sub-title">Videos</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/video-investigations/"> Investigations </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/explainer-videos/"> Explainers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/02/16/the-mona-lisa-s-turbulent-life-fame-theft-and-vandalism_6738215_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/127/945/630/360/0/95/0/50c6596_sirius-fs-upload-1-hvz0quo0a9cl-1739282829616-monalisaarticlecover.png 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/127/945/630/180/0/95/0/50c6596_sirius-fs-upload-1-hvz0quo0a9cl-1739282829616-monalisaarticlecover.png" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/127/945/630/360/0/95/0/50c6596_sirius-fs-upload-1-hvz0quo0a9cl-1739282829616-monalisaarticlecover.png 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/127/945/630/180/0/95/0/50c6596_sirius-fs-upload-1-hvz0quo0a9cl-1739282829616-monalisaarticlecover.png" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">The Mona Lisa's turbulent life: Fame, theft and vandalism</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/02/03/why-are-us-mexico-relations-so-conflictual_6737732_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/0/150/1620/1080/360/0/95/0/d7b95b3_sirius-fs-upload-1-rlm2jlt22ylo-1738323755644-00-tile-hori.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/0/150/1620/1080/180/0/95/0/d7b95b3_sirius-fs-upload-1-rlm2jlt22ylo-1738323755644-00-tile-hori.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/0/150/1620/1080/360/0/95/0/d7b95b3_sirius-fs-upload-1-rlm2jlt22ylo-1738323755644-00-tile-hori.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/0/150/1620/1080/180/0/95/0/d7b95b3_sirius-fs-upload-1-rlm2jlt22ylo-1738323755644-00-tile-hori.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">Why are US-Mexico relations so conflictual?</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/01/27/auschwitz-80-years-commemoration-why-didn-t-the-allies-try-to-stop-the-holocaust-sooner_6737477_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/01/21/0/107/1616/1078/360/0/95/0/e686e1c_169140244-vignette-sho2.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/01/21/0/107/1616/1078/180/0/95/0/e686e1c_169140244-vignette-sho2.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/01/21/0/107/1616/1078/360/0/95/0/e686e1c_169140244-vignette-sho2.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/01/21/0/107/1616/1078/180/0/95/0/e686e1c_169140244-vignette-sho2.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">Auschwitz, 80 years commemoration: Why didn't the Allies try to stop the Holocaust sooner?</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/videos/video/2025/01/26/why-does-global-hunger-remain-stubbornly-high_6737443_108.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/02/0/0/5422/3614/360/0/95/0/010ae5f_1722588777237-000-364h8gu.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/02/0/0/5422/3614/180/0/95/0/010ae5f_1722588777237-000-364h8gu.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/02/0/0/5422/3614/360/0/95/0/010ae5f_1722588777237-000-364h8gu.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/02/0/0/5422/3614/180/0/95/0/010ae5f_1722588777237-000-364h8gu.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Videos</div> <p class="article__title">Why does global hunger remain stubbornly high?</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="Opinion" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">Opinion</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/" class="Nav__sub-title">Opinion</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/editorials/"> Editorials </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/columns/"> Columns </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/op-eds/"> Op-Eds </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/analysis/"> Analysis </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/02/17/europe-s-historic-challenge_6738250_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5245/3497/360/0/95/0/ef8be28_ftp-import-images-1-7su4dbb2dsfj-af30ddf7f1ea4dfb9d08403b0d4385c4-0-a6e89c040e5e4ad5808efe643b01f562.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5245/3497/180/0/95/0/ef8be28_ftp-import-images-1-7su4dbb2dsfj-af30ddf7f1ea4dfb9d08403b0d4385c4-0-a6e89c040e5e4ad5808efe643b01f562.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5245/3497/360/0/95/0/ef8be28_ftp-import-images-1-7su4dbb2dsfj-af30ddf7f1ea4dfb9d08403b0d4385c4-0-a6e89c040e5e4ad5808efe643b01f562.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5245/3497/180/0/95/0/ef8be28_ftp-import-images-1-7su4dbb2dsfj-af30ddf7f1ea4dfb9d08403b0d4385c4-0-a6e89c040e5e4ad5808efe643b01f562.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Editorial</div> <p class="article__title">Europe's historic challenge</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/02/17/meloni-consolidates-popularity-by-disrupting-italian-democracy_6738269_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/5810/3873/360/0/95/0/5c85510_ftp-import-images-1-4aeaeotkvm25-2025-02-17t160254z-2123740765-rc2fwcaab679-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-europe.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/5810/3873/180/0/95/0/5c85510_ftp-import-images-1-4aeaeotkvm25-2025-02-17t160254z-2123740765-rc2fwcaab679-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-europe.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/5810/3873/360/0/95/0/5c85510_ftp-import-images-1-4aeaeotkvm25-2025-02-17t160254z-2123740765-rc2fwcaab679-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-europe.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/5810/3873/180/0/95/0/5c85510_ftp-import-images-1-4aeaeotkvm25-2025-02-17t160254z-2123740765-rc2fwcaab679-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-europe.JPG" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Meloni consolidates popularity by disrupting Italian democracy</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/02/17/greenlanders-are-by-no-means-passive-in-the-face-of-imperialism_6738239_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/5344/3563/360/0/95/0/1916ad5_ftp-import-images-1-p4o6ikevssom-2025-02-04t193232z-1611846738-rc2vncaprhsl-rtrmadp-3-greenland-election.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/5344/3563/180/0/95/0/1916ad5_ftp-import-images-1-p4o6ikevssom-2025-02-04t193232z-1611846738-rc2vncaprhsl-rtrmadp-3-greenland-election.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="Greenland's prime minister, Mute Egede, in Nuuk, February 4, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/5344/3563/360/0/95/0/1916ad5_ftp-import-images-1-p4o6ikevssom-2025-02-04t193232z-1611846738-rc2vncaprhsl-rtrmadp-3-greenland-election.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/5344/3563/180/0/95/0/1916ad5_ftp-import-images-1-p4o6ikevssom-2025-02-04t193232z-1611846738-rc2vncaprhsl-rtrmadp-3-greenland-election.JPG" alt="Greenland's prime minister, Mute Egede, in Nuuk, February 4, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">'Greenlanders are by no means passive in the face of imperialism'</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/02/16/are-judges-still-a-check-on-trump-s-power_6738231_23.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5782/3855/360/0/95/0/6fa0fcc_ftp-import-images-1-rypvuzg57y8v-2025-02-14t110727z-470099167-rc2jscawn9ek-rtrmadp-3-usa-court-trump.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5782/3855/180/0/95/0/6fa0fcc_ftp-import-images-1-rypvuzg57y8v-2025-02-14t110727z-470099167-rc2jscawn9ek-rtrmadp-3-usa-court-trump.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="US President Donald Trump in the World of Rugby Office at the White House, Washington, February 11, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5782/3855/360/0/95/0/6fa0fcc_ftp-import-images-1-rypvuzg57y8v-2025-02-14t110727z-470099167-rc2jscawn9ek-rtrmadp-3-usa-court-trump.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/0/0/5782/3855/180/0/95/0/6fa0fcc_ftp-import-images-1-rypvuzg57y8v-2025-02-14t110727z-470099167-rc2jscawn9ek-rtrmadp-3-usa-court-trump.JPG" alt="US President Donald Trump in the World of Rugby Office at the White House, Washington, February 11, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Opinion</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Are judges still a check on Trump's power?</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target=" M Magazine" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0"> M Magazine</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/" class="Nav__sub-title"> M Magazine</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/"> Lifestyle </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/fashion/"> Fashion </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/does-anyone-care/"> Does anyone care? </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/02/16/emilia-perez-beleaguered-by-controversy-stumbles-in-its-oscar-race_6738209_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/15074f8_ftp-import-images-1-fd6eda23ektn-369177-3409718.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/15074f8_ftp-import-images-1-fd6eda23ektn-369177-3409718.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Karla Sofia Gascón at the UK premiere of "Emilia Pérez" at the London Film Festival, October 11, 2024."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/15074f8_ftp-import-images-1-fd6eda23ektn-369177-3409718.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/15074f8_ftp-import-images-1-fd6eda23ektn-369177-3409718.jpg" alt="Karla Sofia Gascón at the UK premiere of "Emilia Pérez" at the London Film Festival, October 11, 2024."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">'Emilia Pérez,' beleaguered by controversy, stumbles in its Oscar race</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/02/14/the-revival-of-the-rosebud-bar-a-historic-artist-hangout-in-paris-s-montparnasse-neighborhood_6738173_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/200/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/0d5fdff_ftp-import-images-1-4eqtufa0ud3x-368307-3408323.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/200/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/0d5fdff_ftp-import-images-1-4eqtufa0ud3x-368307-3408323.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="A photo of Marguerite Duras as a child hangs on the wall of the Rosebud Bar. Paris, January 29, 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/200/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/0d5fdff_ftp-import-images-1-4eqtufa0ud3x-368307-3408323.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/200/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/0d5fdff_ftp-import-images-1-4eqtufa0ud3x-368307-3408323.jpg" alt="A photo of Marguerite Duras as a child hangs on the wall of the Rosebud Bar. Paris, January 29, 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">The revival of the Rosebud bar, a historic artist hangout in Paris's Montparnasse neighborhood</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/article/2025/02/14/introducing-m-international-the-best-of-le-monde-s-m-magazine-now-in-english_6738160_115.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/240/0/2362/1574/360/0/95/0/dc400aa_sirius-fs-upload-1-jbql6qfxrat2-1739530645030-web-m-international.png 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/240/0/2362/1574/180/0/95/0/dc400aa_sirius-fs-upload-1-jbql6qfxrat2-1739530645030-web-m-international.png" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/240/0/2362/1574/360/0/95/0/dc400aa_sirius-fs-upload-1-jbql6qfxrat2-1739530645030-web-m-international.png 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/240/0/2362/1574/180/0/95/0/dc400aa_sirius-fs-upload-1-jbql6qfxrat2-1739530645030-web-m-international.png" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Editorial</div> <p class="article__title">Introducing M International: The best of Le Monde's M magazine, now in English</p> <div class="article__author"> <div class="article__author-name">Elvire Camus</div> <div class="article__author-desc">Editor-in-chief, Le Monde in English</div> </div> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/02/13/new-york-s-saturday-night-fever-photographed-by-meryl-meisler_6738136_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/06/140/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/40ac7d8_ftp-import-images-1-nvymnbte0ovu-368547-3408952.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/06/140/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/40ac7d8_ftp-import-images-1-nvymnbte0ovu-368547-3408952.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Aux Mouches, June 1978."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/06/140/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/40ac7d8_ftp-import-images-1-nvymnbte0ovu-368547-3408952.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/06/140/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/40ac7d8_ftp-import-images-1-nvymnbte0ovu-368547-3408952.jpg" alt="Aux Mouches, June 1978."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">New York's Saturday night fever, photographed by Meryl Meisler</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="French Delights" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">French Delights</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/french-delights/" class="Nav__sub-title">French Delights</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/exhibitions/"> Exhibitions </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/gastronomie/"> Gastronomy </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/"> Culture </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/m-le-mag/article/2025/02/08/in-paris-s-saint-germain-neighborhood-buly-combines-a-traditional-ethos-and-modern-efficiency-to-craft-its-beauty-products_6737925_117.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/10/250/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/9ca8b58_ftp-import-images-1-zzxyo5y5ogcb-364954-3404932.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/10/250/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/9ca8b58_ftp-import-images-1-zzxyo5y5ogcb-364954-3404932.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Balms, creams and perfumes are displayed in bookcases in the middle of the offices."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/10/250/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/9ca8b58_ftp-import-images-1-zzxyo5y5ogcb-364954-3404932.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/10/250/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/9ca8b58_ftp-import-images-1-zzxyo5y5ogcb-364954-3404932.jpg" alt="Balms, creams and perfumes are displayed in bookcases in the middle of the offices."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Magazine</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">In Paris's Saint-Germain neighborhood, Buly combines a traditional ethos and modern efficiency to craft its beauty products</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/science/article/2025/02/08/making-notre-dame-s-medieval-stones-and-sculptures-speak-a-striking-journey-into-fragments-of-the-sacred-at-the-musee-de-cluny_6737921_10.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/4723/3149/360/0/95/0/4bec400_sirius-fs-upload-1-bqvdoizhrudh-1738677968336-22.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/4723/3149/180/0/95/0/4bec400_sirius-fs-upload-1-bqvdoizhrudh-1738677968336-22.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Fragment of a bust supported by a hand, after cleaning and stabilization of the 13th-century polychromy."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/4723/3149/360/0/95/0/4bec400_sirius-fs-upload-1-bqvdoizhrudh-1738677968336-22.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/04/0/0/4723/3149/180/0/95/0/4bec400_sirius-fs-upload-1-bqvdoizhrudh-1738677968336-22.jpg" alt="Fragment of a bust supported by a hand, after cleaning and stabilization of the 13th-century polychromy."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Science</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">'Making Notre-Dame's Medieval Stones and Sculptures Speak,' a striking journey into fragments of the sacred at the Musée de Cluny</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/article/2025/02/05/balzac-by-rodin-anatomy-of-a-statue_6737815_37.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/170/0/1125/750/360/0/95/0/5fcb2da_ftp-import-images-1-n49zb8xsetex-367762-3403755.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/170/0/1125/750/180/0/95/0/5fcb2da_ftp-import-images-1-n49zb8xsetex-367762-3403755.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Auguste Rodin's "Study of a Dressing Gown for Balzac," plaster, 1897."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/170/0/1125/750/360/0/95/0/5fcb2da_ftp-import-images-1-n49zb8xsetex-367762-3403755.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/31/170/0/1125/750/180/0/95/0/5fcb2da_ftp-import-images-1-n49zb8xsetex-367762-3403755.jpg" alt="Auguste Rodin's "Study of a Dressing Gown for Balzac," plaster, 1897."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Lifestyle</div> <p class="article__title">Balzac by Rodin: Anatomy of a statue</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/article/2025/02/02/a-haven-of-peace-in-the-heart-of-paris-s-pigalle-neighborhood_6737689_37.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/15/62/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/810aee1_ftp-import-images-1-bypttbcd3915-365537-3404556.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/15/62/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/810aee1_ftp-import-images-1-bypttbcd3915-365537-3404556.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/15/62/0/1500/1000/360/0/95/0/810aee1_ftp-import-images-1-bypttbcd3915-365537-3404556.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/15/62/0/1500/1000/180/0/95/0/810aee1_ftp-import-images-1-bypttbcd3915-365537-3404556.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Lifestyle</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">A haven of peace in the heart of Paris's Pigalle neighborhood</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="nav-mobile" class="Nav__mobile"></div> </nav> </div> <div class="lmd-banners js-lmd-banners"> </div> <main role="main" class="main LeMondeMain main--free "> <div id="dfp-habillage" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__slot--habillage" data-format="habillage" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div class="dfp__container"><div id="banniere_haute" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__slot--banniere dfp__slot--banniere-haute adm-ad-loading" data-format="banniere_haute" aria-hidden="true"><div class="loader"></div></div></div> <section id="habillagepub" class="article article--single article--iso article--content "> <section class="zone zone--article zone--article-offer old__zone"> <header class="article__header "> <div class="article__header-wrap"> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb__parent js-breadcrumb"> <a class="logo__about-us logo__about-us--article" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/"> About us </a> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="article__heading"> <h1 class="article__title">Groupe Le Monde's Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct</h1> <p class="article__desc"> This Code came into effect on Tuesday, 2 November 2010. </p> </div> <p class="meta meta__publisher meta__publisher--header" id="js-authors-trigger"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--no-after">Le Monde</span> </p> <section class="meta__date-reading"> <span class="meta__date meta__date--header">Published on April 6, 2022, at 11:42 am (Paris)</span> <p class="meta__reading-time meta__reading-time--header"> <span class="icon__reading-time"></span> <span>17 min read</span> </p> </section> <div class="share-btns meta meta__social meta__social--lmi"> <div class="lmd-relative"> <button class="js-share-dropdown-toggler lmd-btn-icon lmd-btn-icon--tertiary lmd-btn-icon--m" aria-label="Share" data-toggle="collapse" data-toggle-target=".meta__sub"> <span class="icon__arrow"></span> <span class="js-btn-icon-tooltip" aria-hidden="true">Share</span> </button> <ul class="meta__sub js-share-dropdown-container"> <li class="meta__icon-sub"><button type="button" class="js-social js-social-tag meta__link-sub meta__link-wrapper" data-position="top" data-social="messenger"><span class="meta__icon-container"><span class="icon__messenger"></span></span><span class="sr-only">Share on Messenger</span></button></li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"><button type="button" class="js-social js-social-tag meta__link-sub meta__link-wrapper" data-position="top" data-social="fb"><span class="meta__icon-container"><span class="icon__facebook"></span></span></button><span class="sr-only">Share on Facebook</span></li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"><button type="button" class="js-social js-social-tag meta__link-sub meta__link-wrapper" data-position="top" data-social="email"><span class="meta__icon-container"><span class="icon__email"></span></span></button><span class="sr-only">Share by email</span></li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"><button type="button" class="js-social js-social-tag meta__link-sub meta__link-wrapper" data-position="top" data-social="linkedin"><span class="meta__icon-container"><span class="icon__linkedin"></span></span></button><span class="sr-only">Share on Linkedin</span></li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"> <button type="button" class="js-social js-social-tag meta__link-sub meta__link-wrapper" data-position="top" data-social="copy" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"> <span class="meta__icon-container"> <span class="icon__link"></span> </span> <span class="meta__label-sub">Copy link</span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class="article__wrapper "> <article class="article__content old__article-content-single"> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html#huit-anchor-preambule">Preamble</a></li><li><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html#huit-anchor-devoirs-et-droits-de">Shareholders’ rights and obligations</a></li><li><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html#huit-anchor-gouvernance">Governance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html#huit-anchor-devoirs-et-droits-de">Journalists’ rights and obligations</a></li><li><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html#huit-anchor-publicite">Advertising</a></li><li><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html#huit-anchor-protection-des-marqu">Brand protection</a></li><li><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html#huit-anchor-role-et-pouvoir-des-">Role and power of journalists' organizations</a></li><li><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html#huit-anchor-role-et-pouvoir-des-">Role and power of ethics and professional conduct committees</a></li><li>Appendix: <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html#huit-anchor-principes-deontologi">Ethical principles</a></li><li>Appendix: <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html#huit-anchor-declarations-d-inter">Declaration of interest</a></li></ul> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><span id="huit-anchor-preamble"><strong>Preamble</strong></span></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">The purpose of this Code is to recall the essential principles of independence, freedom and reliability of information, and to specify the rights and obligations of journalists, executives, and shareholders. It will be binding on the parties (organizations or associations of journalists of the various titles, shareholders, Groupe Le Monde executives, directors of publications and newsrooms), and will be included in the articles of association of Groupe Le Monde companies. In the event of a change in leadership of one of the group's titles, it will be imposed in identical terms on their new editorial and publishing directors.</p> <div id="inread_top" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread_top" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">This Code, which is shared by all Groupe Le Monde publications and sites, is an addition to the charters and agreements previously adopted by each of these titles. These texts, which are joined in an appendix to this Code, remain fully valid with the only exception of any of their provisions that may be contradictory with those of the present Code. Any change to this Code must be approved by a vote of the publications and is effective only in those publications that have actually approved it.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The vocation of Groupe Le Monde's titles is to provide, across all media, high-quality, accurate, verified and balanced information. Journalists must look at the news with a critical eye and reflect the pluralism of opinions.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Journalists have the means needed to carry out their work with attention to detail, to collect and verify information, independently of any external pressure. They refrain from manipulation and plagiarism, do not spread hearsay, and avoid sensationalism, approximations and bias. They must avoid any ties of interest with the actors in the sectors they report on, and undertake to declare any conflict of interest.</p> <div id="inread" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">The ethical principles shared by the newsrooms of Groupe Le Monde will be set out in an appendix to the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, without any distinction in value or legal force with the content of the latter.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The editorial independence of Groupe Le Monde’s newspapers from its shareholders, advertisers, public, political, economic, ideological and religious authorities is the necessary condition for a free press and high-quality reporting. No text can be imposed on them, no direction can be dictated to them by an external intervention or constraint.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The shareholders of Groupe Le Monde guarantee the economic independence of its titles within the meaning of the present Code, but refrain from interfering in their editorial choices and the way they handle information.</p> <div id="inread-2" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">The editorial policy of each title, whether in print or online, cannot be guided or influenced by the interests of advertisers, nor by those of other titles in the group. The editorial directors (or their delegates) are responsible for the editorial policy and content of their publication.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Within each title of Groupe Le Monde, there is a person responsible for the title’s economic equilibrium and management, who is separate from the person responsible for the editorial content. Under no circumstances may one of these two managers make a decision that affects the other's area of responsibility without the latter's agreement.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Two separate ethics and professional conduct committees, responsible respectively for the Le Monde daily newspaper, its supplements or variations, the Le Monde Interactif websites and its digital applications, on the one hand, and for all the magazines (the "Magazines Division") and their digital editions, on the other, are responsible for ensuring compliance with this Code.</p> <div id="inread-3" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">In particular, they will ensure that all the principles contained in the Declaration of the Duties and Rights of Journalists (Munich, 1971), which is essential to ensuring editorial independence and constitutes the ethical basis of the journalistic profession, are observed. These principles apply to the production of all editorial content produced by the group's newsrooms, regardless of the media used.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">This Code will be published in whole or in part in the various titles of the group as soon as it comes into force and will remain available in full and at any time on each of their websites.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>Shareholders’ rights and obligations</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">The shareholders of Groupe Le Monde hold the powers conferred on them by corporate law. In this capacity, they oversee the smooth operations of the group and its publications, and help define its strategy and areas of development. To ensure the financial and political independence of the group's titles and sites, and to guarantee their independence and freedom of expression, each of them agrees to respect the values and principles defined in this Code.</p> <div id="inread-4" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">The shareholders hereby attest to their commitment to the editorial independence of the group’s publications. They agree to respect this Code, as well as the specific charters in use in each of the group's newsrooms. Any new shareholder, whether majority or minority, will have to make the same commitment. The companies in Groupe Le Monde may only register movements or subscriptions of securities giving access to the capital in return for the adherence and signature of the present Code by their beneficiaries.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The shareholders, their representatives and the members of the supervisory boards of Groupe Le Monde do not take part in editorial decisions. They attend editorial conferences only at the invitation of the newsroom or the newspaper's management, but may not speak at these meetings. They also refrain from commissioning an article and from giving instructions to modify an article or preventing it from being published.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The shareholding structure of Groupe Le Monde will be published annually in paper and/or digital form by each of the Group's titles. At the same time, a report on the interests held by the main shareholders will also be provided.</p> <div id="inread-5" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">The shareholders agree not to impose commercial partnerships on the Group with companies they are shareholders in or which are tied to them through commercial relations. Similarly, they agree not to prevent or hinder similar partnerships with companies that are in competition with their own.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">When a shareholder of Groupe Le Monde or a company managed or owned by one of these shareholders is quoted in an article published by a title of Groupe Le Monde, this is indicated in the body of the article, in its title, or in a footnote.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>Governance</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">Shareholders and members of the supervisory boards agree to ensure that, in the context of public expression, their statements may not be taken as the opinion of Groupe Le Monde, except in the case of a communication voted on by the supervisory board.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Membership in a Group Management Board is incompatible with:</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- a national or local elective mandate (except for municipal mandates in cities with fewer than 30,000 residents)</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- a management, supervisory or representative role within a political party or trade union</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">- a final prison sentence related to the following subjects: (i) incitement to racial hatred or discrimination; (ii) illicit financing of political parties; (iii) personal injury.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>Journalists’ rights and obligations</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">This Code recognizes the Declaration of the Duties and Rights of Journalists, adopted in Munich in 1971, in the following terms:</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Declaration of the Duties and Rights of Journalists</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Preamble</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The right to information, free expression and criticism is one of the most fundamental freedoms of every human being.</p> <div id="inread-6" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">The whole complex of duties and rights of journalists derives from this right of the public to know facts and opinions.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The responsibility of journalists vis-a-vis the public has precedence over any other responsibility, in particular towards their employers and the public power.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The mission to inform necessarily includes the limits journalists spontaneously impose on themselves. This is the subject of the present declaration of duties.</p> <div id="inread-7" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Yet these duties can be effectively respected in the exercise of the journalist profession only if the concrete conditions of professional independence and dignity are implemented. This is the subject of the declaration of rights quoted here.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Declaration of Duties</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The essential duties of the journalist in gathering, reporting on and commenting on events consist in:</p> <div id="inread-8" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">1) Respecting the truth no matter what consequences it may bring about to him, and this is because the right of the public is to know the truth.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">2) Defending the freedom of information, of commentaries and of criticism.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">3) Publishing only such pieces of information the origin of which is known or – in the opposite case – accompanying them with due reservations; not suppressing essential information and not altering texts and documents.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">4) Not making use of disloyal methods to get information, photographs and documents.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">5) Feeling obliged to respect the private life of people.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">6) Correcting any published information which has proved to be inaccurate.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">7) Observing professional secrecy and not divulging the source of information obtained confidentially.</p> <div id="inread-9" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">8) Abstaining from plagiarism, slander, defamation and unfounded accusations as well as from receiving any advantage owing to the publication or suppression of information.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">9) Never confusing the profession of journalist with that of advertiser or propagandist and not accepting any consideration, direct or not, from advertisers.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">10) Refusing any pressure and accepting editorial directives only from the leading persons in charge in the editorial office.</p> <div id="inread-10" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Every journalist worthy of that name deems it his duty faithfully to observe the principles stated above.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Within the general law of each country, the journalist recognizes, in professional matters, the jurisdiction of his colleagues only; he excludes every kind of interference by governments or others.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Declaration of Rights</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">1) Journalists claim free access to all information sources, and the right to freely inquire on all events conditioning public life.</p> <div id="inread-11" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Therefore, secrecy of public or private affairs may be opposed only to journalists in exceptional cases and for clearly expressed motives.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">2) The journalist has the right to refuse subordination to anything contrary to the general policy of the information organ to which he collaborates such as it has been laid down in writing and incorporated in his contract of employment, as well as any subordination not clearly implicated by this general policy.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">3) A journalist cannot be compelled to perform a professional act or to express an opinion contrary to his convictions or his conscience.</p> <div id="inread-12" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">4) The editorial staff has obligatorily to be informed on all important decisions which may influence the life of the enterprise.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">It should at least be consulted before a definitive decision on all matters related to the composition of the editorial staff, e.g. recruitment, dismissals, mutations and promotion of journalists, is taken.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">5) Taking into account his functions and responsibilities, the journalist is entitled not only to the advantages resulting from collective agreements but also to an individual contract of employment, ensuring the material and moral security of his work as well as a wage system corresponding to his social condition and guaranteeing his economic independence</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>Advertising</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">In each of Groupe Le Monde's titles, whether in print or digital format, as well as in their supplements or special issues, editorial space and advertising or promotional space must be clearly and unambiguously marked. The typography, iconography and layout of advertising or advertorials must not be confused with the editorial content.</p> <div id="inread-13" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Advertising imperatives cannot be invoked to influence the editorial choices of Groupe Le Monde's titles. Journalists may not contribute, even anonymously or free of charge, to the design, writing, illustration or layout of an advertisement or advertorial published in one of the group's titles.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Advertisers have no right to review or intervene in the content, including in supplements and special issues that they have helped to finance.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>Brand protection</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">Groupe Le Monde's brands must not be used in a way that is incompatible with the Group's values. The Ethics and Professional Conduct Committees shall assess and judge any risk of damage to the image of the brand concerned.</p> <div id="inread-14" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">In the event of an agreement entailing a risk of this type, the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Société éditrice du Monde (SEM) (or, if it is separate from the SEM, the legal representative of the parent company of the Magazine Division) must refer the matter to the relevant Ethics Committee, within a period of time that will allow it to give its opinion before any irrevocable commitment is made. If this is not the case, any of its members may refer the matter to the Ethics and Professional Conduct Committee. The Committee may prohibit any use of the brand, outside the communication and media sector, which it considers detrimental to the image of the brand.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>Role and power of journalists' organizations</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">An elected representative body, the board of the journalists' societies (SDJ) or their equivalent (journalists' associations, editors' organizations, etc.) of each publication has as its natural and permanent point of contact the editorial director of its title. In the event of a dispute, they may refer the matter to the appropriate Ethics and Professional Conduct Committee.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">When faced with a problem of an ethical nature, any journalist has the right to refer the matter to her SDJ’s office so that it may become aware of it and submit it to the editorial director in order to find a solution. The editorial director and the publication director may also refer it to the SDJ office.</p> <div id="inread-15" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">The SDJ of a publication is informed in advance, within a reasonable period of time, of any decision relating to the development strategy of the title (in particular the creation or acquisition of a website, audiovisual support and a new product or a new activity). In the event of a proposed change of formula, the SDJ is informed by the editorial director or the publication director. In the event of proposed modifications to the production circuit, and after informing the elected representatives of the personnel, the editorial director will inform the relevant SDJ.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>Role and power of ethics and professional conduct committees</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">The purpose of the Ethics and Professional Conduct Committees, to which the articles of association of the companies of Groupe Le Monde expressly refer, is to ensure compliance with this Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct within the Group’s various publications and sites. They do not have the authority to rule on the content of an article, nor to impose sanctions on journalists.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">In the event of a dispute over the interpretation or application of the Code, the matter may be referred to the relevant Ethics and Professional Conduct Committee by two of its members, by an SDJ, the editorial director or the chairman of the board of directors. Within one month of the referral, and after having interviewed the persons of its choice, the Committee shall issue an opinion and/or recommendations which will be communicated to the journalists concerned, to the management of the newsroom concerned and to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, and which may be published at its request. The management of the title concerned shall to respond in detail, and within fifteen days, to the opinion or recommendations of the Ethics and Professional Conduct Committee.</p> <div id="inread-16" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">The Ethics and Professional Conduct Committees shall be summoned to meet by their chairperson or at the request of at least two of their members, and at least twice a year. They will draw up an annual report on the subjects referred to them and on the opinions and recommendations given, which will be made available to any interested person and distributed to the journalists of the titles and sites concerned.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The Ethics and Professional Conduct Committee of the daily newspaper <em>Le Monde</em>, its supplements or variations and the website lemonde.fr will be constituted and statutorily composed as follows, as specified in the shareholders' agreement between Le Monde Libre and the Pôle d'indépendance: two representatives of the Société des Rédacteurs du Monde (SRM); one representative of the Société des Rédacteurs du Monde Interactif (SRMIA); one representative of the Sociétés des Cadres et Employés du Monde; one representative of the Société des Lecteurs du <em>Monde</em>; the chairman of the board of directors of Le Monde SA (LMSA) or his delegate; the director of Le <em>Monde</em> or his delegate; the editorial director of Le <em>Monde</em> or his delegate; two qualified and independent public figures, appointed by the supervisory board of LMSA with the express agreement of the journalists' societies concerned (SRM and SRMIA); a representative of the Hubert Beuve-Méry Association or, in the event of the latter's dissolution, a qualified and independent figure, appointed by the Société des lecteurs du Monde and approved by SRM and SRMIA, who will chair the Committee.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">If necessary, and if the agenda of the session so requires, the directors of the publications or sites concerned may be heard.</p> <div id="inread-17" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">In addition, whenever Le Monde.fr appears on the committee's agenda, the editorial director of Le Monde.fr will participate.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The Ethics and Professional Conduct Committee of the Magazines Division will be constituted and statutorily composed as follows, as specified in the shareholders' agreement between Le Monde Libre and the Pôle d'indépendance: two representatives of SCP PVC; one representative of the Société de journalistes de <em>Télérama</em>; one representative of the Société de journalistes de <em>La Vie</em>; one representative of the Société de journalistes de <em>Courrier international</em>; the chairman of the board of directors of LMSA or his delegate; the editorial director of <em>Télérama</em>; the editorial director of <em>La Vie</em>; the editorial director of <em>Courrier international</em>; a qualified and independent figure, appointed by the LMSA supervisory board with the express agreement of the journalists' societies of the Magazines Division, who will chair the Committee; a member of the Georges-Hourdin Association (it being understood that they must not have previously held an executive position within a Group publication).</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">If necessary, and if the agenda of the session so requires, the directors of the publications or sites concerned may be heard.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">ETHICS COMMITTEE DOCUMENTS</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The <a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/Comite_ethique_deontologie/Comite_ethique_deontologie_Reglement_interieur.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >internal rules of the Ethics and Professional Conduct Committee of Le </a><em>M</em><a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/Comite_ethique_deontologie/Comite_ethique_deontologie_Reglement_interieur.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" ><em>onde</em></a></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Annual activity reports:</p> <ul class="article__unordered-list"><li><a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/Activite_comite_ethique_deontologie/Synth%C3%A8se_d'activit%C3%A9_2012.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >2012 activity report</a></li><li><a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/Activite_comite_ethique_deontologie/Synth%C3%A8se_d'activit%C3%A9_2013.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >2013 activity report</a></li><li><a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/Activite_comite_ethique_deontologie/Synth%C3%A8se_d'activit%C3%A9_2014.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >2014 activity report</a></li><li><a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/Activite_comite_ethique_deontologie/Synth%C3%A8se_d'activit%C3%A9_2015.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >2015 activity report</a></li><li><a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/Activite_comite_ethique_deontologie/Synth%C3%A8se_d'activit%C3%A9_2016.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >2016 activity report</a></li><li><a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/Activite_comite_ethique_deontologie/Synth%C3%A8se_d'activit%C3%A9_2017.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >2017 activity report</a></li><li><a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/Activite_comite_ethique_deontologie/Synth%C3%A8se_d'activit%C3%A9_2018.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >2018 activity report</a></li><li><a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/Synth%C3%A8se%20d'activit%C3%A9%202019/Synth%C3%A8se_d'activit%C3%A9_2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >2019 activity report</a></li></ul> <p class="article__paragraph ">AMENDMENTS TO THE CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Any modification of the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct of Groupe Le Monde must be voted on by the General Meetings of the SEM and LMSA and must be approved in advance by the two Ethics and Professional Conduct Committees and by the Supervisory Boards of the SEM and LMSA.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Société des rédacteurs du <em>Monde</em></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Société des rédacteurs du Monde interactif</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Société des journalistes de <em>Télérama</em></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Société des rédacteurs de<em> La Vie</em></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Société des journalistes de <em>Courrier international</em></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Le Monde Libre</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Pôle d'indépendance du groupe Le Monde</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Société éditrice du Monde et du Monde SA</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Editorial director of Le <em>Monde</em></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Editors of Le Monde.fr</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Editorial director of <em>Télérama</em></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Editorial Director of <em>La Vie</em></p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Editorial director of <em>Courrier international</em>.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">APPENDICES</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>Ethical principles</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">Interviews: Interviews published as "Questions and Answers" should not be read by the interviewees, or only for the purpose of avoiding factual or comprehension errors. If the interviewee substantially changes the content of their remarks, the author of the interview may, with the editorial director, refuse to publish the interview.</p> <div id="inread-18" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Press trip: A press trip is a trip organized for promotional purposes and paid for by an outside organization. The use of press trips must be exceptional and professionally justified. Acceptance of a press trip should always be discussed with a line manager to determine the value and necessity of the trip. Any journalist may refuse to participate in a press trip without having to explain themselves. Participation in a press trip does not constitute a commitment on the part of the journalist or their editorial staff to publish an article resulting from it.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">The mention "Envoyé spécial" (Special Envoy) may only be used, in case of publication of an article, if the transportation costs have been paid by the newspaper concerned. Otherwise, only the place where the information was collected can be mentioned.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Gifts: Journalists agree to refuse any gift with a value of more than 70 euros, or of a nature that would call into question their independence. In case of products loaned for the purpose of writing an article, the products or materials may not be loaned for more than three months.</p> <div id="inread-19" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Right of reply and corrections: The right of reply shall be published in accordance with the law. Any journalist concerned by the publication of a right of reply must be informed before the publication. The same goes for corrections.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Conflict of interest: The group's journalists refuse to cover a subject in which they have a personal conflict of interest. They will not cover a subject in which a member of their family or close circle of friends holds a position of authority. They do not buy shares in a company they follow for their newspaper.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Any review of a book or work whose author works regularly for the title or site that publishes it must mention their contributor status.</p> <div id="inread-20" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Note: Other editorial principles may be included in the texts and charters that are specific to the group's various titles.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title"><strong>Declaration of interest</strong></h2> <p class="article__paragraph "><a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/D%C3%A9claration%20d'int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%202014%20Louis%20Dreyfus/D%C3%A9claration_d'interet_LD.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >Declaration of interest </a>by Louis Dreyfus, Chairman of the Management Board of Groupe Le Monde</p> <p class="article__paragraph "><a href="https://assets-decodeurs.lemonde.fr/redacweb/D%C3%A9claration%20d'int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%202017%20J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me%20Fenoglio/D%C3%A9claration_d'interet_JF.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >Declaration of interest</a> by Jérôme Fenoglio, Director of Le Monde and member of the board of directors of Groupe Le Monde</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Le Monde</p> <section class="author"> <p class="author__detail"> <span class="author__name">Le Monde</span> </p> </section> <section class="article__reactions"> <section id="js-paywall-comments" class="paywall__comments"> </section> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/syndication/" class="reuse__content" title="Reuse this content" target="_blank">Reuse this content</a> </section> </article> <footer class="article__footer-single old__article-footer"> <section class="article__siblings article__siblings--iso"> <section class="article__siblings-container old__article-siblings-container"> <section id="article_recos_1"></section> <section id="article_recos_2"></section> <section id="article_recos_3"></section> </section> </section> </footer> </section> <aside class="aside__iso old__aside"> <section class="friend js-pave-haut"> <div id="pave_haut" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot friend--around dfp__sticky dfp__slot--pave dfp__slot--desktop" data-format="pave_haut" aria-hidden="true"></div> </section> <section id="forecast_widget" class="friend"></section> <section class="friend js-pave-milieu"> <div id="pave_milieu" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot friend--around dfp__sticky dfp__slot--pave dfp__slot--desktop dfp-unloaded" data-format="pave_milieu" aria-hidden="true"></div> </section> <section class="friend js-pave-bas"> <div id="pave_bas" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot friend--around dfp__sticky dfp__slot--pave dfp__slot--desktop dfp-unloaded" data-format="pave_bas" aria-hidden="true"></div> </section> </aside> <div class="lazy-bizdev" data-url="" data-position="desktopFooter" data-service=""></div> </section> </section> <section id="js-capping" class="capping" data-full="0" data-mini="0"> <section id="js-capping-wrapper" class="capping__wrapper"> <section id="js-capping-header"class="capping__header"> <span class="icon__information"></span> <p class="capping__notice">Lecture du <i>Monde</i> en cours sur un autre appareil.</p> </section> <section id="js-capping-content"class="capping__content"> <p class="capping__title">Vous pouvez lire <i>Le Monde</i> sur un seul appareil à la fois</p> <div class="capping__picture"></div> <button type="button" class="button button--lightblue capping__cta js-capping-close">Continuer à lire ici</button> <p class="capping__cta-text">Ce message s’affichera sur l’autre appareil.</p> <a href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr" id="js-capping-yellow-button" class="button button--subscribe capping__cta capping__cta--next" data-cta="multi">Découvrir les offres multicomptes</a> </section> <section id="js-capping-bottom" class="capping__bottom"> <button type="button" id="js-capping-trigger" class="capping__trigger" data-toggle="collapse" data-toggle-target=".capping__faq">Pourquoi voyez-vous ce message ?</button> <ul id="js-capping-faq"class="capping__faq"> <li class="capping__item"> <p class="capping__answer">Parce qu’une autre personne (ou vous) est en train de lire <i>Le Monde</i> avec ce compte sur un autre appareil.</p> <p class="capping__answer">Vous ne pouvez lire <i>Le Monde</i> que sur <strong>un seul appareil</strong> à la fois (ordinateur, téléphone ou tablette).</p> </li> <li class="capping__item"> <p class="capping__question">Comment ne plus voir ce message ?</p> <p class="capping__answer">En cliquant sur « <button type="button" class="capping__link js-capping-close js-capping-close-extended">Continuer à lire ici</button> » et en vous assurant que vous êtes la seule personne à consulter <i>Le Monde</i> avec ce compte.</p> </li> <li class="capping__item"> <p class="capping__question">Que se passera-t-il si vous continuez à lire ici ?</p> <p class="capping__answer">Ce message s’affichera sur l’autre appareil. Ce dernier restera connecté avec ce compte.</p> </li> <li class="capping__item"> <p class="capping__question">Y a-t-il d’autres limites ?</p> <p class="capping__answer">Non. Vous pouvez vous connecter avec votre compte sur autant d’appareils que vous le souhaitez, mais en les utilisant à des moments différents.</p> </li> <li class="capping__item"> <p class="capping__question">Vous ignorez qui est l’autre personne ?</p> <p class="capping__answer">Nous vous conseillons de <a href="https://secure.lemonde.fr/sfuser/password/lost" class="capping__link js-capping-password">modifier votre mot de passe</a>.</p> </li> </ul> </section> </section> </section> <section id="js-capping-old-article" class="capping" data-full="0" data-mini="0"> <section id="js-capping-old-article-wrapper" class="capping__wrapper"> <section id="js-capping-old-article-header"class="capping__header"> <span class="icon__information"></span> <p class="capping__notice">Lecture restreinte</p> </section> <section id="js-capping-old-article-content" class="capping__content"> <p class="capping__title">Votre abonnement n’autorise pas la lecture de cet article</p> <div class="capping__picture"></div> <p class="capping__cta-text">Pour plus d’informations, merci de contacter notre service commercial.</p> </section> </section> </section> </main> <section id="js-message-register" class="message message--register message--hidden"> <section class="message__wrapper-register"> <div class="message__details"> <p class="message__headline message__headline--register">Subscribe to help support the work of our entire newsroom.</p> <button id="js-register-banner-trigger" type="button" class="message__dropdown-trigger" data-toggle="collapse" data-toggle-scope="#js-message-register" data-toggle-target=".message__dropdown-target">Why are you seeing this message ?</button> <section id="js-register-banner-content" class="message__description-dropdown message__dropdown-target"> <p class="message__paragraph message__paragraph--register">You have opted <span type="button" class="gdpr-cs-parameters-link message__cmp-link js-register-banner-cookies">to refuse the use of cookies</span> while browsing our website, including personalized advertising cookies.</p> <p class="message__paragraph message__paragraph--register">The content of this website is the work of over 530 journalists who deliver high-quality, reliable and comprehensive news and innovative online services every day. This work is supported by additional revenue from advertising and subscriptions.</p> </div> <div class="message__actions-wrapper message__dropdown-target"> <a href="https://abo.lemonde.fr/en/#xtor=AT-606" class="button button--subscribe message__cta message__cta--register js-register-banner-subscribe">Subscribe</a> <p class="message__cmp-wrapper">Already a subscriber ? <a href="https://secure.lemonde.fr/sfuser/connexion" class="message__link message__link--register js-register-banner-login">Sign in</a> </p> </div> </section> </section> </section> <footer id="footer" class="footer footer--free"> <section class="zone zone--footer old__zone"> <section class="footer__main"> <section class="footer__top"> <section class="footer__category-container"> <section class="footer__category footer__category-sections js-footer-category"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">Sections</h3> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/international/" >World</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/politics/" >French politics</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/france/" >France</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/les-decodeurs/" >Les Décodeurs</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/sports/" >Sports</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/environment/" >Environment</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/science/" >Science</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/campus/" >Campus</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/le-monde-africa/" >Le Monde Africa</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/pixels/" >Pixels</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/health/" >Health</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/obituaries/" >Obituaries</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/archives-du-monde/" >Archives</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/about-us/" >About Us</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/syndication/" >Le Monde Syndication</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="https://about.pressreader.com/hotels/le-monde/en/?utm_campaign=hospitality-le-monde&utm_source=le-monde&utm_medium=footer&utm_content=english" >Le Monde for hotels</a></li> </ul> </section> <section class="footer__category footer__category-elections js-footer-category"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">French Focus</h3> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/rugby-world-cup-2023/" >Rugby World Cup 2023</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/tour-de-france/" >Tour de France 2023</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/paris-olympics-2024/" >Paris Olympics 2024</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/emmanuel-macron/" >Emmanuel Macron</a></li> </ul> </section> <section class="footer__category footer__category-opinion js-footer-category"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">Opinion</h3> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/editorials/" >Editorials</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/columns/" >Columns</a></li> <li class="footer__bullet"><a class="footer__link" href="/en/analysis/" >Analysis</a></li> </ul> </section> </section> <section class="footer__middle"> <section class="footer__cta"> <p class="footer__title"> Subscription </p> <a class="footer__link footer__link--cta" href="https://abo.lemonde.fr/?lmd_medium=BOUTONS_LMFR&lmd_campaign=BOUTONS_LMEA&lmd_position=FOOTER&lmd_sequence=94&lmd_type_de_page=Article" > <span class="footer__icon icon__subscribe"></span> Sign up </a> <a class="footer__link footer__link--cta" href="https://secure.lemonde.fr/sfuser/connexion" > <span class="footer__icon icon__connexion"></span> Sign In </a> </section> <section class="footer__cta"> <p class="footer__title"> <span class="footer__icon icon__newsletter-footer"></span> Le Monde in English </p> <a class="footer__link footer__link--cta footer__subscribe-link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/newsletters/le-monde-in-english/" > Sign up to receive our daily selection of "Le Monde" <br> articles translated into English. <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/newsletters/le-monde-in-english/" class="btn button--empty footer__subscribe-button"> Sign up </a> </a> </section> </section> <section class="footer__category footer__category-legales"> <input type="checkbox" tabindex="-1" name="footer__toggle" class="footer__category-checkbox" id="infos-legales"> <label for="infos-legales" class="footer__category-label"> <h3 class="footer__category-title">Informations légales le Monde</h3> </label> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/mentions-legales" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Mentions légales </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/cgv" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Conditions générales </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2010/11/03/la-charte-d-ethique-et-de-deontologie-du-groupe-le-monde_1434737_3236.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Charte du Groupe </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/confidentialite/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Politique de confidentialité </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/faq/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Aide (FAQ) </a> </li> </ul> </section> </section> </section> <section class="footer__mandatory"> <h3 class="footer__title">Le Monde Legal informations</h3> <ul class="footer__links footer__links--list"> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/legal-information" > Legal Information </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/article/2022/04/06/groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct_5979823_115.html" > Group Policy </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/privacy-policy/" > Privacy Policy </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list gdpr-cs-parameters-link" href="/en/#" > Cookie Preferences </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="https://moncompte.lemonde.fr/cgv-en" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> Terms & Conditions </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet"> <a class="footer__link footer__link--list " href="/en/faq/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> FAQ </a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="footer__bottom"> <p class="footer__title">Follow Le Monde</p> <section class="footer__social"> <ul class="footer__links footer__links--social"> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.facebook.com/Le-Monde-in-English-108626768479797" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__facebook icon__facebook--footer"></span> Facebook </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.youtube.com/@LeMondeInEnglish" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__youtube"></span> Youtube </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.instagram.com/lemonde_en/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__instagram icon__instagram--footer"></span> Instagram </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@lemonde_en" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__tiktok icon__icon__tiktok--footer"></span> TikTok </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.reddit.com/user/LeMonde_en/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="footer__icon icon__reddit icon__reddit--footer"></span> Reddit </a> </li> <li class="footer__bullet footer__bullet--social"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/rss/une.xml" > <span class="footer__icon icon__rss"></span> RSS feed </a> </li> </ul> </section> </section> </section> </footer> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "NewsArticle", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.lemonde.fr/en/about-us/article/2022/04/06/groupe-le-monde-s-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct_5979823_115.html" }, "headline": "Groupe Le Monde's Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct", "dateCreated": "2022-04-06T11:42:42+02:00", "datePublished": "2022-04-06T11:42:42+02:00", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Le Monde", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://asset.lemde.fr/medias/img/logos/lemonde.png", "width": "240", "height": "55" } }, "articleSection": ["About us","About us"], "keywords": ["About us"], "description": "This Code came into effect on Tuesday, 2 November 2010.", "author": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Le Monde", "url": "https://www.lemonde.fr" } ] , "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://asset.lemde.fr/medias/img/social-network/default.png", "width": "1880", "height": "984" } } </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "A la une", "item": { "@id": "https://www.lemonde.fr" } } ,{ "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "About us", "item": { "@id": "https://www.lemonde.fr/about-us/" } } ] } </script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/common.060c9c04b1c0a752.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/article.8397d9c03633152c.js" async="1"></script> <div id="overlay" class="overlay"></div> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="ads" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/ads.50cf0b802284c947.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/1467d885278be3ad.b0d32c81b778964dfeafdda3ac193744ce59e1e0.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="analytics" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/anltcs.86a3a2c38da7133d.js" async="1"></script> <script src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/forecast.93cfb7091dcec4f8.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="personalization" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/survey.e9b89561e2bc9db2.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="mediaPlatforms" data-gdpr-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english/js/scls.3a1f2d741287c345.js" async="1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="analytics" data-gdpr-src="https://news.google.com/swg/js/v1/swg.js" async="1" subscriptions-control="manual"></script> <script>var ADS_CONFIG = {"adUnit":"\/128139881\/LM_lemonde_en\/divers\/divers\/article","targets":{"article_has_video":false,"article_id":5979823,"article_is_longform":false,"article_type":"Article","keywords":"about-us","rub":"about-us","rubrique_id":5974324,"rubriques":["about-us"],"teaser":false}}</script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="ads" data-gdpr-src="https://boot.pbstck.com/v1/adm/0594e540-06cf-48eb-9772-3b4bbd0a5c24" async="1"></script> </body> </html>