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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language_and_linguistic_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_and_linguistic_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Language and linguistic subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_and_linguistic_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographic_subdivisions_and_subethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_subdivisions_and_subethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geographic subdivisions and subethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geographic_subdivisions_and_subethnic_groups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geographic subdivisions and subethnic groups subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geographic_subdivisions_and_subethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geographical_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographical_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Geographical subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographical_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outside_modern_Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_modern_Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Outside modern Georgia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_modern_Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extinct_Georgian_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extinct_Georgian_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Extinct Georgian subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extinct_Georgian_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Georgians</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 130 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-130" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">130 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureu%C3%ABng_Georgia" title="Ureuëng Georgia – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Ureuëng Georgia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Хъырцэхэр – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хъырцэхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Хъырцэхэр – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Хъырцэхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi%C3%ABrs" title="Georgiërs – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Georgiërs" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiaware" title="Georgiaware – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Georgiaware" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%AD%D1%86%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Ақырҭцәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ақырҭцәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="جورجيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورجيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheorchianos" title="Cheorchianos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cheorchianos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeorxanos" title="Xeorxanos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeorxanos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%85%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Хъузхъул – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хъузхъул" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrc%C3%BCl%C9%99r" title="Gürcülər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gürcülər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1" title="گورجولر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گورجولر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_G%C3%A9orgia" title="Wong Géorgia – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Wong Géorgia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="জর্জীয় জাতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জর্জীয় জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Jorjiya" title="Urang Jorjiya – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Urang Jorjiya" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Грузиндар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Грузиндар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Грузіны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грузіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Грузіны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грузіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Грузинци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Грузинци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgier" title="Georgier – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Georgier" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzijci" title="Gruzijci – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gruzijci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorjiz" title="Jorjiz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jorjiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Гүржинүүд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Гүржинүүд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Georgians" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Грузинсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грузинсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Heyorhiyano" title="Mga Heyorhiyano – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mga Heyorhiyano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruz%C3%ADni" title="Gruzíni – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gruzíni" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiani" title="Georgiani – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Georgiani" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiaid" title="Georgiaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Georgiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian" title="Georgian – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Georgian" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiere" title="Georgiere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Georgiere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgier" title="Georgier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Georgier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grusiinid" title="Grusiinid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grusiinid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF" title="Γεωργιανοί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωργιανοί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Грузинт – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Грузинт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_georgiano" title="Pueblo georgiano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo georgiano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartveloj" title="Kartveloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kartveloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiar" title="Georgiar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Georgiar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="مردم گرجی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم گرجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiar" title="Georgiar – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Georgiar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9orgiens" title="Géorgiens – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géorgiens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgjers" title="Georgjers – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Georgjers" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeorgjians" title="Gjeorgjians – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjeorgjians" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoirsigh" title="Seoirsigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seoirsigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrc%C3%BCler" title="Gürcüler – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Gürcüler" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_xeorxiano" title="Pobo xeorxiano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo xeorxiano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гуржий – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Гуржий" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8" title="조지아인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지아인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutanen_Georgia" title="Mutanen Georgia – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mutanen Georgia" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վրացիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վրացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="जॉर्जियाई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉर्जियाई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzijci" title="Gruzijci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gruzijci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzi" title="Gruzi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gruzi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Georgia" title="Suku Georgia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Georgia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgianos" title="Georgianos – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Georgianos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Гуырдзиаг адæм – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гуырдзиаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%C3%ADumenn" title="Georgíumenn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Georgíumenn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiani" title="Georgiani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Georgiani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9D" title="גאורגים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאורגים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гюрджюлюле – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Гюрджюлюле" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ქართველები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქართველები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Грузиндер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грузиндер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Грузинъяс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Грузинъяс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurc%C3%AE" title="Gurcî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gurcî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Грузиндер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Грузиндер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Гуржи – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Гуржи" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiani" title="Georgiani – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgiani" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruz%C4%ABni" title="Gruzīni – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gruzīni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Гуржияр – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гуржияр" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzinai" title="Gruzinai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gruzinai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorzani" title="Zorzani – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Zorzani" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi%C3%ABrs" title="Georgiërs – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Georgiërs" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BAzok" title="Grúzok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Grúzok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Грузијци – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грузијци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C3%B4rjiana_(vahoaka)" title="Jeôrjiana (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jeôrjiana (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ქორთუეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქორთუეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جورجيين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورجيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Georgia" title="Orang Georgia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Georgia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzia-c%C5%ADk" title="Gruzia-cŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gruzia-cŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Грузият – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Грузият" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B6%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Гүржүүд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гүржүүд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi%C3%ABrs" title="Georgiërs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Georgiërs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E4%BA%BA" title="グルジア人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グルジア人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гуьржий – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гуьржий" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiere" title="Georgiere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Georgiere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiarar" title="Georgiarar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Georgiarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Georgians" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzinlar" title="Gruzinlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gruzinlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D9%84%DA%A9" title="ګرجي خلک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګرجي خلک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ជនជាតិហ្សកហ្ស៊ី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជនជាតិហ្សកហ្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzini" title="Gruzini – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gruzini" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgianos" title="Georgianos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Georgianos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrciler" title="Gürciler – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Gürciler" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgieni" title="Georgieni – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Georgieni" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Ґрузіны – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґрузіны" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Грузины – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грузины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Грузиннар – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Грузиннар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagata_Siaosia" title="Tagata Siaosia – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Tagata Siaosia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgianos" title="Georgianos – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Georgianos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgies" title="Georgies – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Georgies" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeorgjian%C3%ABt" title="Gjeorgjianët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeorgjianët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgiani" title="Giorgiani – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giorgiani" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ජෝර්ජියානුවන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෝර්ජියානුවන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_people" title="Georgian people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Georgian people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruz%C3%ADnci" title="Gruzínci – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gruzínci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzinci" title="Gruzinci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gruzinci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruziny" title="Gruziny – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gruziny" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Грузини – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грузини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzijci" title="Gruzijci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gruzijci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_G%C3%A9orgia" title="Urang Géorgia – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Urang Géorgia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgialaiset" title="Georgialaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Georgialaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgier" title="Georgier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georgier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜார்ஜியர்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜார்ஜியர்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Гөрҗиләр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гөрҗиләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Гурҷиҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гурҷиҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrc%C3%BCler" title="Gürcüler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gürcüler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrj%C3%BCler" title="Gürjüler – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gürjüler" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Грузиннер – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Грузиннер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81" title="Грузинъёс – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Грузинъёс" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Грузини – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грузини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="جارجیائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جارجیائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Gruzia" title="Người Gruzia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Gruzia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heorhyano_(katawhan)" title="Heorhyano (katawhan) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Heorhyano (katawhan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" title="乔治亚人 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乔治亚人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_ar%C3%A1_Georgia" title="Àwọn ará Georgia – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn ará Georgia" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="格魯吉亞人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="格魯吉亞人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurci" title="Gurci – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gurci" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groz%C4%97n%C4%81" title="Grozėnā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Grozėnā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="喬治亞人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="喬治亞人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Georgia" title="Jolma Georgia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Georgia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18973#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_people&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian people">Georgian people</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Caucasian ethnic group native to Georgia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Caucasian ethnic group. For the inhabitants of Georgia, see <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Demographics of Georgia (country)">Demographics of Georgia (country)</a>. For the inhabitants of the US state, see <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Demographics of Georgia (U.S. state)">Demographics of Georgia (U.S. state)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Georgian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Georgian (disambiguation)">Georgian (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Georgians <br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">ქართველები</a></span> <br /><i>Kartvelebi</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gelati_fresco_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Gelati_fresco_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Gelati_fresco_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Gelati_fresco_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Gelati_fresco_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Gelati_fresco_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Gelati_fresco_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1749" data-file-height="816" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Georgian <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Georgia" title="List of monarchs of Georgia">kings</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_consorts_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of consorts of Georgia">queens consort</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_the_Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="List of heads of the Georgian Orthodox Church">Catholicos-Patriarch</a> depicted on a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a>-influenced <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a><sup id="cite_ref-a_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wearing <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_dress" title="Byzantine dress">Byzantine dress</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Gelati_Monastery" title="Gelati Monastery">Gelati Monastery</a>, UNESCO's <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> landmark.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <b>5 million</b><sup id="cite_ref-b_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span data-sort-value="Georgia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></span> 3,224,600<sup id="cite_ref-2014_Ethnicity_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2014_Ethnicity-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-c_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />For more, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgians" title="List of Georgians">list of population</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgian_diaspora" title="Georgian diaspora">statistical data</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian languages</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominant: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Georgian_Orthodox_Church.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Georgian_Orthodox_Church.svg/25px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Georgian_Orthodox_Church.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Georgian_Orthodox_Church.svg/38px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Georgian_Orthodox_Church.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Georgian_Orthodox_Church.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Georgian_Orthodox_Church.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="517" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian Orthodoxy">Georgian Orthodoxy</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Significant: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/12px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/18px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/24px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Catholicism</a> and <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IslamSymbol1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/IslamSymbol1.svg/12px-IslamSymbol1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/IslamSymbol1.svg/18px-IslamSymbol1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/IslamSymbol1.svg/24px-IslamSymbol1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="260" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Islam in Georgia (country)">Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Rezvani_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rezvani-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Georgians</b>, or <b>Kartvelians</b><sup id="cite_ref-d_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">ქართველები</span></span>, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">romanized</a>:</span> <span lang="ka-Latn" style="font-style: italic;">kartvelebi</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ka-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">[kʰaɾtʰʷelebi]</a></span>), are a nation and <a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Caucasian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> native to present-day <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> and surrounding areas historically associated with the Georgian kingdoms. Significant Georgian diaspora communities are also present throughout <a href="/wiki/Georgians_in_Russia" title="Georgians in Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgians_in_Turkey" title="Georgians in Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgians_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgians in Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Georgians" title="Iranian Georgians">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgians_in_Ukraine" title="Georgians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Americans" title="Georgian Americans">United States</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. </p><p>Georgians arose from <a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Iberian</a> <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilizations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>; Colchis was interconnected with the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Hellenic world</a>, whereas Iberia was influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a> until <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> conquered it.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 4th century, the Georgians became one of the first to <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">embrace Christianity</a> and now the majority of Georgians are <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christians</a>, with most following their national <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodox Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although there are small Georgian <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Muslim</a> communities as well as a significant number of <a href="/wiki/Secularism_and_irreligion_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secularism and irreligion in Georgia (country)">irreligious Georgians</a>. Located in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Border_between_Europe_and_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Border between Europe and Asia">continental crossroads of Europe and Asia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a> saw Georgian people form a <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_the_Georgian_realm" title="Unification of the Georgian realm">unified</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a> in 1008 AD,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the pan-Caucasian empire,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later inaugurating the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Golden_Age" title="Georgian Golden Age">Georgian Golden Age</a>, a height of political and cultural power of the nation. This lasted until the <a href="/wiki/Triarchy_and_collapse_of_the_Kingdom_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Triarchy and collapse of the Kingdom of Georgia">kingdom was weakened and later disintegrated</a> as the result of the 13th–15th-century invasions of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia">Mongols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timur%27s_invasions_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Timur's invasions of Georgia">Timur</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a>, as well as internal divisions following the death of <a href="/wiki/George_V_of_Georgia" title="George V of Georgia">George V the Brilliant</a> in 1346, the last of the great <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Georgia">kings of Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thereafter and throughout the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>, Georgians became politically fractured and were dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and successive <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia" title="List of monarchs of Persia">dynasties of Iran</a>. Georgians started looking for allies and found the Russians on the political horizon as a possible replacement for the lost <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, "for the sake of the Christian faith".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Georgian kings and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_monarchs" title="List of Russian monarchs">Russian tsars</a> exchanged no less than 17 embassies,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which culminated in 1783, when <a href="/wiki/Heraclius_II_of_Georgia" title="Heraclius II of Georgia">Heraclius II</a> of the eastern Georgian kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Kartli-Kakheti" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a> forged <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Georgievsk" title="Treaty of Georgievsk">an alliance</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. The Russo-Georgian alliance, however, backfired as Russia was unwilling to fulfill the terms of the treaty, proceeding to <a href="/wiki/Georgia_within_the_Russian_Empire" title="Georgia within the Russian Empire">annex</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the troubled kingdom in 1801<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the western Georgian <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">kingdom of Imereti</a> in 1810.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were several uprisings and movements to restore the statehood, the most notable being the <a href="/wiki/1832_Georgian_plot" title="1832 Georgian plot">1832 plot</a>, which collapsed in failure.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, Russian rule over Georgia was acknowledged in various peace treaties with Iran and the Ottomans, and the remaining Georgian territories were absorbed by the Russian Empire in a piecemeal fashion through the course of the 19th century. Georgians briefly reasserted their independence from Russia under the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">First Georgian Republic</a> from 1918 to 1921 and finally <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">in 1991</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. </p><p>The Georgian nation was formed out of a diverse set of geographic subgroups, each with its characteristic traditions, manners, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">dialects</a> and, in the case of <a href="/wiki/Svans" title="Svans">Svans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mingrelians" title="Mingrelians">Mingrelians</a>, own regional languages. The <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian language</a>, with its <a href="/wiki/Georgian_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian script">own unique writing system</a> and extensive written tradition, which goes back to the 5th century, is the <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of Georgia as well as the language of education of all Georgians living in the country. According to the <a href="/wiki/State_Ministry_on_Diaspora_Issues_of_Georgia" title="State Ministry on Diaspora Issues of Georgia">State Ministry on Diaspora Issues of Georgia</a>, unofficial statistics say that there are more than 5 million Georgians in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grauwolf_P1130272_new.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Grauwolf_P1130272_new.jpg/138px-Grauwolf_P1130272_new.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Grauwolf_P1130272_new.jpg/207px-Grauwolf_P1130272_new.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Grauwolf_P1130272_new.jpg/276px-Grauwolf_P1130272_new.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:148px;max-width:148px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Giorgio_e_la_principessa_(Antonio_Cicognara).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/San_Giorgio_e_la_principessa_%28Antonio_Cicognara%29.jpg/146px-San_Giorgio_e_la_principessa_%28Antonio_Cicognara%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/San_Giorgio_e_la_principessa_%28Antonio_Cicognara%29.jpg/219px-San_Giorgio_e_la_principessa_%28Antonio_Cicognara%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/San_Giorgio_e_la_principessa_%28Antonio_Cicognara%29.jpg/292px-San_Giorgio_e_la_principessa_%28Antonio_Cicognara%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5014" data-file-height="3572" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">An <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonymic</a> term "Georgian" resulted from the merger of <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> designation "<i><b>gurğ</b></i>" (<a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolf</a>), with the cult of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> popular among the Georgians.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The saint's name played a definite role in the transformation of "<i>gurğ/gorg</i>" into "<i>Georgia/Georgian</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E1%82%B5%E1%82%A0%E1%82%B0%E1%82%A7%E1%82%A5%E1%82%A4%E1%82%AA%E1%82%A8%E1%82%B1%E1%82%A0%E1%83%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/%E1%82%B5%E1%82%A0%E1%82%B0%E1%82%A7%E1%82%A5%E1%82%A4%E1%82%AA%E1%82%A8%E1%82%B1%E1%82%A0%E1%83%82.jpg/285px-%E1%82%B5%E1%82%A0%E1%82%B0%E1%82%A7%E1%82%A5%E1%82%A4%E1%82%AA%E1%82%A8%E1%82%B1%E1%82%A0%E1%83%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/%E1%82%B5%E1%82%A0%E1%82%B0%E1%82%A7%E1%82%A5%E1%82%A4%E1%82%AA%E1%82%A8%E1%82%B1%E1%82%A0%E1%83%82.jpg/428px-%E1%82%B5%E1%82%A0%E1%82%B0%E1%82%A7%E1%82%A5%E1%82%A4%E1%82%AA%E1%82%A8%E1%82%B1%E1%82%A0%E1%83%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/%E1%82%B5%E1%82%A0%E1%82%B0%E1%82%A7%E1%82%A5%E1%82%A4%E1%82%AA%E1%82%A8%E1%82%B1%E1%82%A0%E1%83%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="140" /></a></span><br />The earliest known example for an <a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">endonym</a> <i><b>"kartveli"</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-d_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (ႵႠႰႧႥႤႪႨ) was found as an archaeological artifact in the neighborhood of <i><a href="/wiki/Umm_Leisun_inscription" title="Umm Leisun inscription">Umm Leisun</a></i>, nearby Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Georgians" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of the Georgians">Names of the Georgians</a></div> <p>Georgians call themselves <i>Kartveli</i><sup id="cite_ref-d_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka">ქართველი</span></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">pl.</a></i> <i>Kartvelebi</i> <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka">ქართველები</span></span>), their land <i><a href="/wiki/Sakartvelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakartvelo">Sakartvelo</a></i> (<span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka">საქართველო</span></span>), and their language <i><a href="/wiki/Kartuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartuli">Kartuli</a></i> (<span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka">ქართული</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Georgian_Chronicles" title="The Georgian Chronicles">The Georgian Chronicles</a></i>, the ancestor of the Kartvelian people was <a href="/wiki/Kartlos" title="Kartlos">Kartlos</a>, the great-grandson of the <a href="/wiki/Biblical" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical">Biblical</a> <a href="/wiki/Japheth" title="Japheth">Japheth</a>. However, scholars agree that the word is derived from the <i>Karts</i>, the latter being one of the proto-Georgian tribes that emerged as a dominant group in ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Kart</i> probably is cognate with Indo-European <i>gard</i> and denotes people who live in a "fortified <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Ancient Greeks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> etc.) and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Titus_Livius" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Livius">Titus Livius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Tacitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelius Tacitus">Cornelius Tacitus</a>, etc.) referred to western Georgians as <a href="/wiki/Colchians" class="mw-redirect" title="Colchians">Colchians</a> and eastern Georgians as <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Iberians" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian Iberians">Iberians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "Georgians" is derived from the country of Georgia. In the past, lore-based theories were given by the medieval French traveller <a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Vitry" title="Jacques de Vitry">Jacques de Vitry</a>, who explained the name's origin by the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">St. George</a> amongst Georgians,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while traveller <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chardin" title="Jean Chardin">Jean Chardin</a> thought that "Georgia" came from Greek <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">γεωργός</span></span> ("tiller of the land"), as when the Greeks came into the region (in <a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a><sup id="cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) they encountered a developed agricultural society.<sup id="cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, as <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mikaberidze" title="Alexander Mikaberidze">Alexander Mikaberidze</a> adds, these explanations for the word <i>Georgians/Georgia</i> are rejected by the scholarly community, who point to the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> word <i>gurğ/gurğān</i> ("wolf"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) as the root of the word.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting with the Persian word <i>gurğ/gurğān</i>, the word was later adopted in numerous other languages, including Slavic and West European languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This term itself might have been established through the ancient Iranian appellation of the near-<a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian</a> region, which was referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Hyrcania" title="Hyrcania">Gorgan</a></i> ("land of the wolves"<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:214px;max-width:214px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgian_woman,_by_Castelli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Georgian_woman%2C_by_Castelli.jpg/212px-Georgian_woman%2C_by_Castelli.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Georgian_woman%2C_by_Castelli.jpg/318px-Georgian_woman%2C_by_Castelli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Georgian_woman%2C_by_Castelli.jpg/424px-Georgian_woman%2C_by_Castelli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="1229" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Habito_di_Georgiani_-_Vecellio_Cesare_-_1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Habito_di_Georgiani_-_Vecellio_Cesare_-_1860.jpg/172px-Habito_di_Georgiani_-_Vecellio_Cesare_-_1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Habito_di_Georgiani_-_Vecellio_Cesare_-_1860.jpg/258px-Habito_di_Georgiani_-_Vecellio_Cesare_-_1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Habito_di_Georgiani_-_Vecellio_Cesare_-_1860.jpg/344px-Habito_di_Georgiani_-_Vecellio_Cesare_-_1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1193" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">A Georgian <i>woman</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Teramo_Castelli" title="Teramo Castelli">Teramo Castelli</a>; and a <i>man</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Vecellio" title="Cesare Vecellio">Cesare Vecellio</a>.</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">History of Georgia (country)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Georgia" title="Prehistoric Georgia">Prehistoric Georgia</a></div> <p>Most historians and scholars of Georgia as well as anthropologists, archaeologists, and linguists tend to agree that the ancestors of modern Georgians inhabited the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Caucasus">southern Caucasus</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic period">Neolithic period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars usually refer to them as Proto-Kartvelian (Proto-Georgians such as Colchians and Iberians) tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Georgian people in antiquity have been known to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">ancient Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> as <i>Colchians</i> and <i>Iberians</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> East Georgian tribes of Tibarenians-Iberians formed their kingdom in 7th century <a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a>. However, western Georgian tribes (<a href="/wiki/Colchian_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Colchian tribes">Colchian tribes</a>) established the first Georgian state of <a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1350 BCE</span>) before the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia" title="Kingdom of Iberia">Kingdom of Iberia</a> in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the numerous scholars of Georgia, the formations of these two early Georgian kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia, resulted in the consolidation and uniformity of the Georgian nation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the renowned scholar of the Caucasian studies <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Toumanoff" title="Cyril Toumanoff">Cyril Toumanoff</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Moschians" class="mw-redirect" title="Moschians">Moschians</a> also were one of the early proto-Georgian tribes which were integrated into the first early Georgian state of Iberia.<sup id="cite_ref-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ancient Jewish chronicle by <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> mentions Georgians as Iberes who were also called Thobel (Tubal).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Marshall_Lang" title="David Marshall Lang">David Marshall Lang</a> argued that the root <i>Tibar</i> gave rise to the form <i>Iber</i> that made the Greeks pick up the name <i>Iberian</i> in the end for the designation of the eastern Georgians.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgian_ambassadors_presenting_gifts_to_Emperor_Romanos_Argyros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Georgian_ambassadors_presenting_gifts_to_Emperor_Romanos_Argyros.jpg/250px-Georgian_ambassadors_presenting_gifts_to_Emperor_Romanos_Argyros.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Georgian_ambassadors_presenting_gifts_to_Emperor_Romanos_Argyros.jpg/375px-Georgian_ambassadors_presenting_gifts_to_Emperor_Romanos_Argyros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Georgian_ambassadors_presenting_gifts_to_Emperor_Romanos_Argyros.jpg/500px-Georgian_ambassadors_presenting_gifts_to_Emperor_Romanos_Argyros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2085" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Georgians presenting gifts to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine emperor">Byzantine emperor</a>. <i>The <a href="/wiki/Skylitzes_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Skylitzes Chronicle">Skylitzes Chronicle</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> sources and <a href="/wiki/Taochi" title="Taochi">Taochi</a> in Greek lived in the northeastern part of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. This ancient tribe is considered by many scholars as ancestors of the Georgians.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern Georgians still refer to this region, which now belongs to present-day Turkey, as <a href="/wiki/Tao-Klarjeti" title="Tao-Klarjeti">Tao-Klarjeti</a>, an ancient Georgian kingdom. Some people there still speak the Georgian language.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colchians in the ancient western Georgian polity of Colchis were another proto-Georgian tribe. They are first mentioned in the Assyrian annals of <a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_I" title="Tiglath-Pileser I">Tiglath-Pileser I</a> and in the annals of <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartian</a> king Sarduri II, and also included western Georgian tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Meskhetians" title="Meskhetians">Meskhetians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iberians, also known as Tiberians or Tiberanians, lived in the eastern Georgian kingdom of Iberia.<sup id="cite_ref-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both Colchians and Iberians played an important role in the ethnic and cultural formation of the modern Georgian nation.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the scholar of the Caucasian studies Cyril Toumanoff: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Colchis appears as the first Caucasian State to have achieved the coalescence of the newcomer, Colchis can be justly regarded as not a proto-Georgian, but a Georgian (West Georgian) kingdom ... It would seem natural to seek the beginnings of Georgian social history in Colchis, the earliest Georgian formation.<sup id="cite_ref-CToumanoff_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CToumanoff-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of the Caucasus">Genetic history of the Caucasus</a></div> <p>An FTDNA collection of Georgian Y-DNA suggests that Georgians have the highest percentage of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_G_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup G (Y-DNA)">Haplogroup G</a> (39.9%) among the general population recorded in any country. Georgians' <a href="/wiki/Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup" title="Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup">Y-DNA</a> also belongs to <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J-M172" title="Haplogroup J-M172">Haplogroup J</a> (32.5%), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b" title="Haplogroup R1b">R1b</a> (8.6%), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_L-M20" title="Haplogroup L-M20">L</a> (5.4%), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a" title="Haplogroup R1a">R1a</a> (4.2%), <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I2_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA)">I2</a> (3.8%) and other more minor haplogroups such as E, T and Q.<sup id="cite_ref-Battaglia2009_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Battaglia2009-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inscription_of_Davitgareja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Inscription_of_Davitgareja.jpg/220px-Inscription_of_Davitgareja.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Inscription_of_Davitgareja.jpg/330px-Inscription_of_Davitgareja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Inscription_of_Davitgareja.jpg/440px-Inscription_of_Davitgareja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Georgian language is written in its own <a href="/wiki/Georgian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian alphabet">unique alphabet</a> since the early 5th century.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Culture of Georgia (country)">Culture of Georgia (country)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_and_linguistic_subdivisions">Language and linguistic subdivisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian language</a></div> <p>Georgian is the primary language for Georgians of all provenance, including those who speak other <a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian languages</a>: <a href="/wiki/Svan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Svan people">Svans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mingrelians" title="Mingrelians">Mingrelians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz</a>. The language known today as Georgian is a traditional language of the eastern part of the country which has spread to most of the present-day Georgia after the post-Christianization centralization in the first millennium CE. Today, Georgians regardless of their ancestral region use Georgian as their official language. The regional languages <a href="/wiki/Svan_language" title="Svan language">Svan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_language" title="Mingrelian language">Mingrelian</a> are languages of the west that were traditionally spoken in the pre-Christian <a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Kingdom of Colchis</a>, but later lost importance as the unified <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a> emerged. Their decline is largely due to the capital of the unified kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, being in the eastern part of the country known as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Iberia</a> effectively making the language of the east an official language of the Georgian monarch. </p><p>All of these languages comprise the <a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian language family</a> along with the related language of the <a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz people</a>, which has speakers in both Turkey and Georgia. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Georgian dialects</a> include <a href="/wiki/Imereti" title="Imereti">Imeretian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racha" title="Racha">Racha</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lechkhumi" title="Lechkhumi">Lechkhumian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guria" title="Guria">Gurian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adjarian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjarian dialect">Adjarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imerkhevi" title="Imerkhevi">Imerkhevian</a> (in Turkey), <a href="/wiki/Kartli" title="Kartli">Kartlian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kakheti" title="Kakheti">Kakhetian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saingilo" title="Saingilo">Ingilo</a> (in Azerbaijan), <a href="/wiki/Tusheti" title="Tusheti">Tush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khevsureti" title="Khevsureti">Khevsur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khevi" title="Khevi">Mokhevian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pshavi" title="Pshavi">Pshavian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Georgians" title="Iranian Georgians">Fereydan dialect in Iran</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fereydunshahr" title="Fereydunshahr">Fereydunshahr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fereydan" title="Fereydan">Fereydan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mtiuleti" title="Mtiuleti">Mtiuletian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meskheti" title="Meskheti">Meskhetian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Javakheti" title="Javakheti">Javakhetian</a> dialect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgia_2011_079_Gelati_(5680686715).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Georgia_2011_079_Gelati_%285680686715%29.jpg/220px-Georgia_2011_079_Gelati_%285680686715%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Georgia_2011_079_Gelati_%285680686715%29.jpg/330px-Georgia_2011_079_Gelati_%285680686715%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Georgia_2011_079_Gelati_%285680686715%29.jpg/440px-Georgia_2011_079_Gelati_%285680686715%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gelati_Monastery" title="Gelati Monastery">Gelati Monastery</a>, one of the most significant religious structures in Georgia, located near the former capital city of <a href="/wiki/Kutaisi" title="Kutaisi">Kutaisi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Religion in Georgia (country)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secularism_and_irreligion_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Secularism and irreligion in Georgia">Secularism and irreligion in Georgia</a></div> <p>According to Orthodox tradition, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Christianity in Georgia (country)">Christianity</a> was first preached in Georgia by the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> Simon and Andrew in the 1st century. It became the state religion of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Kartli (Iberia)</a> in 319<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 326.<sup id="cite_ref-Toumanoff1963_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toumanoff1963-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rapp2007_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rapp2007-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, in the first centuries A.D., the cult of <a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">pagan</a> beliefs, and <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> were commonly practiced in Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conversion of Kartli to Christianity is credited to <a href="/wiki/St._Nino" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nino">St. Nino</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a>. Christianity gradually replaced all the former religions except Zoroastrianism, which become a second established religion in Iberia after the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Acilisene" title="Peace of Acilisene">Peace of Acilisene</a> in 378.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conversion to Christianity eventually placed the Georgians permanently on the front line of conflict between the Islamic and Christian world. Georgians remained mostly Christian despite repeated invasions by Muslim powers, and long episodes of foreign domination. </p><p>As was true elsewhere, the Christian church in Georgia was crucial to the development of a written language, and most of the earliest written works were religious texts. <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">Medieval</a> Georgian culture was greatly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodox Church</a>, which promoted and often sponsored the creation of many works of religious devotion. These included churches and monasteries, works of art such as <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiographies</a> of Georgian saints. </p><p>Today, 83.9% of the Georgian population, most of whom are ethnic Georgian, follow Eastern Orthodox Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sizable Georgian <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Islam in Georgia (country)">Muslim</a> population exists in <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Adjara" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Republic of Adjara">Adjara</a>. This autonomous Republic borders Turkey, and was part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> for a longer amount of time than other parts of the country. Those Georgian Muslims practice the Sunni <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> form of Islam. Islam has however declined in Adjara during the 20th century, due to Soviet anti-religious policies, cultural integration with the national Orthodox majority, and strong missionary efforts by the Georgian Orthodox Church.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early modern period, converted Georgian recruits were often used by the Persian and Ottoman Empires for elite military units such as the <a href="/wiki/Mameluks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mameluks">Mameluks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">ghulams</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Georgians" title="Iranian Georgians">Iranian Georgians</a> are all reportedly Shia Muslims today, while <a href="/wiki/Ingiloy_people" title="Ingiloy people">Ingiloy</a> (indigenous to Azerbaijan), <a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz</a> (indigenous to Turkey), <a href="/wiki/Imerkhevians" title="Imerkhevians">Imerkhevians</a> (indigenous to Turkey), and <a href="/wiki/Georgians_in_Turkey" title="Georgians in Turkey">Georgians in Turkey</a> (who descend from Georgian immigrants) are mostly <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> Muslim. </p><p>There is also a small number of <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Georgian Jews</a>, tracing their ancestors to the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a>. </p><p>In addition to traditional religious confessions, Georgia retains <a href="/wiki/Secularism_and_irreligion_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Secularism and irreligion in Georgia">irreligious segments of society</a>, as well as a significant portion of nominally religious individuals who do not actively practice their faith.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E2%80%9CRadiant_Georgians%E2%80%9D,_icon_from_St._Catherine_Monastery.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peter the Iberian, Hilarion the Iberian, Shio of Mgvime, John the Iberian, Euthymius the Athonite, George the Hagiorite and David of Gareji on the 14th-century triptych titled as the "Radiant Georgians", kept at the Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E2%80%9CRadiant_Georgians%E2%80%9D%2C_icon_from_St._Catherine_Monastery.jpg/800px-%E2%80%9CRadiant_Georgians%E2%80%9D%2C_icon_from_St._Catherine_Monastery.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E2%80%9CRadiant_Georgians%E2%80%9D%2C_icon_from_St._Catherine_Monastery.jpg/1200px-%E2%80%9CRadiant_Georgians%E2%80%9D%2C_icon_from_St._Catherine_Monastery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/%E2%80%9CRadiant_Georgians%E2%80%9D%2C_icon_from_St._Catherine_Monastery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1562" data-file-height="281" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:%E2%80%9CRadiant_Georgians%E2%80%9D,_icon_from_St._Catherine_Monastery.jpg" title="File:“Radiant Georgians”, icon from St. Catherine Monastery.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Iberian" title="Peter the Iberian">Peter the Iberian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hilarion_the_Iberian" title="Hilarion the Iberian">Hilarion the Iberian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shio_of_Mgvime" title="Shio of Mgvime">Shio of Mgvime</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_the_Iberian" title="John the Iberian">John the Iberian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euthymius_the_Athonite" title="Euthymius the Athonite">Euthymius the Athonite</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_the_Hagiorite" title="George the Hagiorite">George the Hagiorite</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_of_Gareji" title="David of Gareji">David of Gareji</a> on the 14th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Triptych" title="Triptych">triptych</a></i> titled as the "Radiant Georgians", kept at the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery" title="Saint Catherine's Monastery">Saint Catherine's Monastery</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exhibition-_Georgia_-_(3)_A_Story_of_Encounters,_2023-2024,_Art_%26_History_Museum,_Brussels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg/220px-Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg/330px-Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg/440px-Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5962" data-file-height="3848" /></a><figcaption>Georgian <i><a href="/wiki/Supra_(feast)" title="Supra (feast)">Supra</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Niko_Pirosmani" title="Niko Pirosmani">Niko Pirosmani</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian cuisine</a> is specific to the country, but also contains some influences from other <a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European culinary traditions</a>, as well as those from the surrounding Western Asia. Each historical province of Georgia has its own distinct culinary tradition, such as Megrelian, Kakhetian, and Imeretian cuisines. In addition to various meat dishes, Georgian cuisine also offers a variety of vegetarian meals. </p><p>The importance of both food and drink to <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Culture of Georgia (country)">Georgian culture</a> is best observed during a Caucasian feast, or <i><a href="/wiki/Keipi" title="Keipi">supra</a></i>, when a huge assortment of dishes is prepared, always accompanied by large amounts of wine, and dinner can last for hours. In a Georgian feast, the role of the <i><a href="/wiki/Tamada" title="Tamada">tamada</a></i> (toastmaster) is an important and honoured position. </p><p>In countries of the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, Georgian food is popular due to the immigration of Georgians to other Soviet republics, in particular Russia. In Russia all major cities have many Georgian restaurants and Russian restaurants often feature Georgian food items on their menu.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_subdivisions_and_subethnic_groups">Geographic subdivisions and subethnic groups</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_peasant_with_dagger_and_long_smoking_pipe,_Mestia,_Svanetia,_Georgia_(Republic).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Old_peasant_with_dagger_and_long_smoking_pipe%2C_Mestia%2C_Svanetia%2C_Georgia_%28Republic%29.jpg/220px-Old_peasant_with_dagger_and_long_smoking_pipe%2C_Mestia%2C_Svanetia%2C_Georgia_%28Republic%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Old_peasant_with_dagger_and_long_smoking_pipe%2C_Mestia%2C_Svanetia%2C_Georgia_%28Republic%29.jpg/330px-Old_peasant_with_dagger_and_long_smoking_pipe%2C_Mestia%2C_Svanetia%2C_Georgia_%28Republic%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Old_peasant_with_dagger_and_long_smoking_pipe%2C_Mestia%2C_Svanetia%2C_Georgia_%28Republic%29.jpg/440px-Old_peasant_with_dagger_and_long_smoking_pipe%2C_Mestia%2C_Svanetia%2C_Georgia_%28Republic%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2986" data-file-height="3659" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Svans" title="Svans">Svan</a> peasant in <a href="/wiki/Mestia" title="Mestia">Mestia</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1888</span></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geographical_subdivisions">Geographical subdivisions</h3></div> <p>The Georgians have historically been classified into various subgroups based on the geographic region which their ancestors traditionally inhabited. </p><p>Even if a member of any of these subgroups moves to a different region, they will still be known by the name of their ancestral region. For example, if a <a href="/wiki/Guria" title="Guria">Gurian</a> moves to <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Kartli" title="Kartli">Kartli</a> region) he will not automatically identify himself as <a href="/wiki/Kartli" title="Kartli">Kartlian</a> despite actually living in Kartli. This may, however, change if substantial amount of time passes. For example, there are some <a href="/wiki/Mingrelians" title="Mingrelians">Mingrelians</a> who have lived in the <a href="/wiki/Imereti" title="Imereti">Imereti</a> region for centuries and are now identified as Imeretian or Imeretian-Mingrelians. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Georgian_surname" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian surname">Georgian surname</a></div> <p>Last names from mountainous eastern Georgian provinces (such as Kakheti, etc.) can be distinguished by the suffix –<i>uri</i> (ური), or –<i>uli</i> (ული). Most <a href="/wiki/Svans" title="Svans">Svan</a> last names typically end in –<i>ani</i> (ანი), <a href="/wiki/Mingrelians" title="Mingrelians">Mingrelian</a> in –<i>ia</i> (ია), -<i>ua</i> (უა), or -<i>ava</i> (ავა), and <a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz</a> in –<i>shi</i> (ში). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Name in Georgian </th> <th>Geographical region </th> <th>Dialect or Language </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Adjarians</a> </td> <td>აჭარელი <i>achareli</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara">Adjara</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adjarian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjarian dialect">Adjarian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurians" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurians">Gurians</a> </td> <td>გურული <i>guruli</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guria" title="Guria">Guria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Gurian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Imeretians" class="mw-redirect" title="Imeretians">Imeretians</a> </td> <td>იმერელი <i>imereli</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imereti" title="Imereti">Imereti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Imeretian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Javakhians" title="Javakhians">Javakhians</a> </td> <td>ჯავახი <i>javakhi</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Javakheti" title="Javakheti">Javakheti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Javakhian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kakhetians" title="Kakhetians">Kakhetians</a> </td> <td>კახელი <i>kakheli</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kakheti" title="Kakheti">Kakheti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Kakhetian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kartlians" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartlians">Kartlians</a> </td> <td>ქართლელი <i>kartleli</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kartli" title="Kartli">Kartli</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Kartlian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khevsurians" title="Khevsurians">Khevsurians</a> </td> <td>ხევსური <i>khevsuri</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khevsureti" title="Khevsureti">Khevsureti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Khevsurian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lechkhumians" class="mw-redirect" title="Lechkhumians">Lechkhumians</a> </td> <td>ლეჩხუმელი <i>lechkhumeli</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lechkhumi" title="Lechkhumi">Lechkhumi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Lechkhumian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mingrelians" title="Mingrelians">Mingrelians</a> </td> <td>მეგრელი <i>megreli</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samegrelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Samegrelo">Samegrelo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_language" title="Mingrelian language">Mingrelian language</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meskhetians" title="Meskhetians">Meskhetians</a> </td> <td>მესხი <i>meskhi</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meskheti" title="Meskheti">Meskheti</a> (Samtskhe) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Meskhian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mokhevians" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokhevians">Mokhevians</a> </td> <td>მოხევე <i>mokheve</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khevi" title="Khevi">Khevi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Mokhevian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pshavians" class="mw-redirect" title="Pshavians">Pshavians</a> </td> <td>ფშაველი <i>pshaveli</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pshavi" title="Pshavi">Pshavi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Pshavian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rachians" class="mw-redirect" title="Rachians">Rachians</a> </td> <td>რაჭველი <i>rachveli</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Racha" title="Racha">Racha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Rachian dialect</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Svan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Svan people">Svans</a> </td> <td>სვანი <i>svani</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Svaneti" title="Svaneti">Svaneti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Svan_language" title="Svan language">Svan language</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tushetians" title="Tushetians">Tushs</a> </td> <td>თუში <i>tushi</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tusheti" title="Tusheti">Tusheti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Tushetian dialect</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1897_Russian_census" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 Russian census">1897 Russian census</a> (which accounted people by language), had Imeretian, <a href="/wiki/Svan_language" title="Svan language">Svan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_language" title="Mingrelian language">Mingrelian</a> languages separate from <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1926 Soviet census, Svans and Mingrelians were accounted separately from Georgian.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Svan and Mingrelian languages are both <a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian languages</a> and are closely related to the national <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian language</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outside_modern_Georgia">Outside modern Georgia</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Georgian_diaspora" title="Georgian diaspora">Georgian diaspora</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz people</a> also may be considered Georgian based on their geographic location and religion. According to the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>' anthropologist Mathijs Pelkmans,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lazs residing in Georgia frequently identify themselves as "first-class Georgians" to show pride, while considering their Muslim counterparts in Turkey as "Turkified Lazs".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Subethnic groups </th> <th>Georgian name </th> <th>Settlement area </th> <th>Language <br />(dialect) </th> <th>Number </th> <th>Difference(s) from mainstream Georgians<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(other than location)</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz people</a> </td> <td>ლაზი <i>lazi</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lazistan" title="Lazistan">Chaneti</a> (Turkey) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laz_language" title="Laz language">Laz language</a> </td> <td>1 million </td> <td>Religion: Muslim majority, Orthodox Minority </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Georgians" title="Iranian Georgians">Fereydani</a> </td> <td>ფერეიდნელი <i>pereidneli</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fereydan" title="Fereydan">Fereydan</a> (Iran) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Pereidnuli dialect</a> </td> <td>100,000 +<sup id="cite_ref-Rezvani_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rezvani-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>Religion</i>: Muslim<sup id="cite_ref-Rezvani_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rezvani-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chveneburi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chveneburi">Chveneburi</a> </td> <td>ჩვენებური <i>chveneburi</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Sea Region">Black Sea Region</a> (Turkey) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian language</a> </td> <td>91,000<sup id="cite_ref-googlebooks2_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googlebooks2-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>Religion</i>: Muslim<sup id="cite_ref-googlebooks2_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googlebooks2-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ingiloy_people" title="Ingiloy people">Ingiloy people</a> </td> <td>ინგილო <i>ingilo</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saingilo" title="Saingilo">Saingilo</a> <a href="/wiki/Hereti" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereti">Hereti</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaqatala_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaqatala District">Zaqatala District</a> (Azerbaijan) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Ingiloan dialect</a> </td> <td>12,000 </td> <td><i>Religion</i>: Muslim majority,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Orthodox minority<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Imerkhevians" title="Imerkhevians">Imerkhevians</a> <p>(Shavshians) </p> </td> <td>შავში <i>shavshi</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shavsheti" class="mw-redirect" title="Shavsheti">Shavsheti</a> (Turkey) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Imerkhevian dialect</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Religion: Muslim majority. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Klarjians </td> <td>კლარჯი <i>klarji</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Klarjeti" title="Klarjeti">Klarjeti</a> (Turkey) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Imerkhevian dialect</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Extinct_Georgian_subdivisions">Extinct Georgian subdivisions</h4></div> <p>Throughout history Georgia also has extinct Georgian subdivisions </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Name in Georgian </th> <th>Geographical location </th> <th>Dialect or language </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dvals" title="Dvals">Dvals</a> </td> <td>დვალი <i>dvali</i> </td> <td>Georgia (<a href="/wiki/Racha" title="Racha">Racha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khevi" title="Khevi">Khevi</a> regions) and Russia (<a href="/wiki/North_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="North Ossetia">North Ossetia</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dval_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Dval dialect">Dval dialect</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(country)" title="Portal:Georgia (country)">Georgia (country) portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgians" title="List of Georgians">List of Georgians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Demographics of Georgia (country)">Demographics of Georgia (country)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian American">Georgian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Peoples of the Caucasus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The fresco was a demonstration of the ambitious imperial<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> example on which the Georgian monarchs modeled themselves and competed in magnificence with those of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The total figure is merely an estimation; sum of all the referenced populations only.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ethnic Georgians are 86.8% of Georgia's current population of 3,713,800. Data without the <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-occupied territories of Georgia">Russian-occupied territories of Georgia</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-d_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The term <i>Kartveli</i>, derived from <a href="/wiki/Old_Georgian" title="Old Georgian">Old Georgian</a> <i>Kartueli</i> (<span title="Old Georgian-language text"><span lang="oge">ႵႠႰႧႭႳႤႪႨ</span></span>), originally designated inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia" title="Kingdom of Iberia">Kingdom of Iberia</a> and were natively known as <i>Kartvelians</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that stood at the political, cultural, religious and economic vanguard of the nation. Kartvelians, tracing their definitive appearance since post-<a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> times, gradually became a dominant element in nation-building that would give its name to the whole country and people.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian unification">Georgian unification</a>, the term would come to signify all-Georgian enterprise, becoming absolute and universal.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rapp (2016), location: 8958</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eastmond, pp. 26-61-62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eastmond, pp. 60-28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2014_Ethnicity-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2014_Ethnicity_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://census.ge/en/2014-general-population-census-main-results-general-information/202#.XtkL7WkpA0M">Census data</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326141500/http://census.ge/en/2014-general-population-census-main-results-general-information/202#.XtkL7WkpA0M">Archived</a> 26 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of <a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Office_of_Georgia" title="National Statistics Office of Georgia">National Statistics Office of Georgia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010074805/http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf">"საქართველოს მოსახლეობის საყოველთაო აღწერის საბოლოო შედეგები"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Statistics Office of Georgia. 28 April 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D+%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D+%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Office+of+Georgia&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeostat.ge%2Fcms%2Fsite_images%2F_files%2Fenglish%2Fpopulation%2FCensus_release_ENG_2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rezvani-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rezvani_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rezvani_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rezvani_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRezvani2009" class="citation journal cs1">Rezvani, Babak (Winter 2009). "The Fereydani Georgian Representation". <i>Anthropology of the Middle East</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 52–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fame.2009.040205">10.3167/ame.2009.040205</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropology+of+the+Middle+East&rft.atitle=The+Fereydani+Georgian+Representation&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=52-74&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3167%2Fame.2009.040205&rft.aulast=Rezvani&rft.aufirst=Babak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayfield, pp. 18—19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayfield, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayfield, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eastmond, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rapp (2016), location: 453</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W.E.D. Allen, location: 1157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W.E.D. Allen, location: 337</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W.E.D. Allen, location: 1612</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W.E.D. Allen, location: 344</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny, pp. 63-65-88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayfield, p. 259</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny, pp. 64-66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny, pp. 71-72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendata.ge/ka/request/42514">Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813023600/http://opendata.ge/ka/request/42514">Archived</a> 13 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 22.04.2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayfield, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Elguja_Khintibidze" title="Elguja Khintibidze">Khintibidze, Elguja</a> (1998), The Designations of the Georgians and Their Etymology, pp. 77-78, <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi_State_University" title="Tbilisi State University">Tbilisi State University</a> Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-511-00775-7" title="Special:BookSources/5-511-00775-7">5-511-00775-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tchekhanovets, Y. (2014). Iohane, bishop of Purtavi and Caucasian Albanians in the Holy Land. In G. C. Bottini, L. D. Chrupcała, & J. Patrich (Eds.), Knowledge and Wisdom: Archaeological and Historical Essays in Honour of Leah Di Segni (<a href="/wiki/Studium_Biblicum_Franciscanum" title="Studium Biblicum Franciscanum">Studium Biblicum Franciscanum</a>, Collectio Maior; Vol. 54). Edizioni Terra Santa, <b>p. 305</b>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6240-274-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6240-274-3">978-88-6240-274-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rapp & Crego, 2, pp. 1-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rapp & Crego, I, pp. 1-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rapp & Crego, 12-I, pp. 4-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rapp (2016), location: 656</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Georgia_36-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikaberidze2015" class="citation book cs1">Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). <i>Historical Dictionary of Georgia</i> (2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4146-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4146-6"><bdi>978-1-4422-4146-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Georgia&rft.pages=3&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-4146-6&rft.aulast=Mikaberidze&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayfield, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Braund, David. Georgia in Antiquity: A History of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC-AD 562, pp. 17–18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Grigol_Peradze" title="Grigol Peradze">Peradze, Gregory</a>. "The Pilgrims' derivation of the name Georgia". <i>Georgica</i>, Autumn, 1937, nos. 4 & 5, 208–209</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHockZgusta1997" class="citation book cs1">Hock, Hans Henrich; Zgusta, Ladislav (1997). <i>Historical, Indo-European, and Lexicographical Studies</i>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-012884-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-012884-0"><bdi>978-3-11-012884-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical%2C+Indo-European%2C+and+Lexicographical+Studies&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-3-11-012884-0&rft.aulast=Hock&rft.aufirst=Hans+Henrich&rft.au=Zgusta%2C+Ladislav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikaberidze2015" class="citation book cs1">Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). <i>Historical Dictionary of Georgia</i> (2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4146-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4146-6"><bdi>978-1-4422-4146-6</bdi></a>. <q>However, such explanations are rejected by the scholarly community, who point to the Persian gurğ/gurğān as the root of the word (...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Georgia&rft.pages=3&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-4146-6&rft.aulast=Mikaberidze&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoeder2002" class="citation book cs1">Boeder; et al. (2002). <i>Philology, typology and language structure</i>. Peter Lang. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5991-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5991-2"><bdi>978-0-8204-5991-2</bdi></a>. <q>The Russian designation of Georgia (Gruziya) also derives from the Persian gurg.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philology%2C+typology+and+language+structure&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-5991-2&rft.au=Boeder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rapp (2016), location: 1086</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lang, p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lang, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Georgia A Sovereign Country of the Caucasus</i>, Roger Rosen, p 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayfield, pp. 13-14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cyril_Toumanoff_p_80_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Toumanoff, p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toumanoff, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Complete Works</i>, Jewish Antiquities, Josephus, Book 1, p 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lang, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lang, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Burney and David Marshal Lang, <i>The Peoples of the Hills: Ancient Ararat and Caucasus</i>, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toumanoff, p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CToumanoff-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CToumanoff_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toumanoff, pp. 69—84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Battaglia2009-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Battaglia2009_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Georgia/default.aspx?section=yresults">"FamilyTreeDNA - Georgian DNA Project"</a>. <i>www.familytreedna.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221219110441/https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Georgia/default.aspx?section=yresults">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.familytreedna.com&rft.atitle=FamilyTreeDNA+-+Georgian+DNA+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familytreedna.com%2Fpublic%2FGeorgia%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fsection%3Dyresults&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSauter,_Simonia,_Stephenson,_Orchiston2014" class="citation book cs1">Sauter, Simonia, Stephenson, Orchiston (2014). <i>Historical Astronomy of the Caucasus: Sources from Georgia and Armenia</i>. p. 114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Astronomy+of+the+Caucasus%3A+Sources+from+Georgia+and+Armenia&rft.pages=114&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Sauter%2C+Simonia%2C+Stephenson%2C+Orchiston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toumanoff1963-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Toumanoff1963_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Toumanoff" title="Cyril Toumanoff">Toumanoff, Cyril</a>, "Iberia between Chosroid and Bagratid Rule", in <i>Studies in Christian Caucasian History</i>, Georgetown, 1963, pp. 374–377. Accessible online at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208043427/http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/Toumicb/toumicb.html">"Iberia between Chosroid and Bagratid Rule by Cyril Toumanoff. Eastern Asia Minor, Georgia, Georgian History, Armenia, Armenian History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/Toumicb/toumicb.html">the original</a> on 8 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iberia+between+Chosroid+and+Bagratid+Rule+by+Cyril+Toumanoff.+Eastern+Asia+Minor%2C+Georgia%2C+Georgian+History%2C+Armenia%2C+Armenian+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbedrosian.com%2FRef%2FToumicb%2Ftoumicb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rapp2007-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rapp2007_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRapp2007" class="citation book cs1">Rapp, Stephen H. Jr (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA137">"7 – Georgian Christianity"</a>. <i>The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity</i>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3361-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3361-9"><bdi>978-1-4443-3361-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230731233836/https://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA137">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7+%E2%80%93+Georgian+Christianity&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Eastern+Christianity&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-3361-9&rft.aulast=Rapp&rft.aufirst=Stephen+H.+Jr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfWp9JA3aBvcC%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuckin2014" class="citation book cs1">McGuckin, John Anthony (3 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqUTAgAAQBAJ&dq=Kartli+326&pg=PA215"><i>The Concise Encyclopedia of Orthodox Christianity</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-75933-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-75933-2"><bdi>978-1-118-75933-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240522215901/https://books.google.ge/books?id=wqUTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA215&dq=Kartli+326&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi2nt6Sn6KGAxVVBtsEHZM2D_oQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=Kartli%20326&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Orthodox+Christianity&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2014-02-03&rft.isbn=978-1-118-75933-2&rft.aulast=McGuckin&rft.aufirst=John+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwqUTAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DKartli%2B326%26pg%3DPA215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.advantour.com/georgia/religion.htm#:~:text=The%20Atskuri%20Icon%20of%20the,in%20Georgia%20in%20326%20AD.">"Religion in Georgia"</a>. <i>www.advantour.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240522215901/https://www.advantour.com/georgia/religion.htm#:~:text=The%20Atskuri%20Icon%20of%20the,in%20Georgia%20in%20326%20AD.">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.advantour.com&rft.atitle=Religion+in+Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.advantour.com%2Fgeorgia%2Freligion.htm%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Atskuri%2520Icon%2520of%2520the%2Cin%2520Georgia%2520in%2520326%2520AD.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/georgia-iii-art-and-archeology-">"GEORGIA iii. Iranian elements in Georgian art and archeology"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150517034803/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/georgia-iii-art-and-archeology-">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GEORGIA+iii.+Iranian+elements+in+Georgian+art+and+archeology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fgeorgia-iii-art-and-archeology-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuny1994" class="citation book cs1">Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC&q=zoroastrianism+georgia+sassanid&pg=PA22"><i>The Making of the Georgian Nation</i></a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-20915-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-20915-3"><bdi>0-253-20915-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530201948/https://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC&q=zoroastrianism+georgia+sassanid&pg=PA22#v=snippet&q=zoroastrianism%20georgia%20sassanid&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Georgian+Nation&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-253-20915-3&rft.aulast=Suny&rft.aufirst=Ronald+Grigor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DriW0kKzat2sC%26q%3Dzoroastrianism%2Bgeorgia%2Bsassanid%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151023202029/http://www.geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/georgian/census/2002/I%20tomi%20-%20saqarTvelos%20mosaxleobis%202002%20wlis%20pirveli%20erovnuli%20sayovelTao%20aRweris%20Sedegebi.pdf">"2002 census results – p. 132"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/georgian/census/2002/I%20tomi%20-%20saqarTvelos%20mosaxleobis%202002%20wlis%20pirveli%20erovnuli%20sayovelTao%20aRweris%20Sedegebi.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2002+census+results+%E2%80%93+p.+132&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geostat.ge%2Fcms%2Fsite_images%2F_files%2Fgeorgian%2Fcensus%2F2002%2FI%2520tomi%2520-%2520saqarTvelos%2520mosaxleobis%25202002%2520wlis%2520pirveli%2520erovnuli%2520sayovelTao%2520aRweris%2520Sedegebi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Liles, "Islam and religious transformation in Adjara", ECMI Working Paper, February 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ecmi.de/uploads/tx_lfpubdb/Working_Paper_57_En.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151105020057/http://www.ecmi.de/uploads/tx_lfpubdb/Working_Paper_57_En.pdf">Archived</a> 5 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 4 June 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-20.pdf">Caucasus Analytical Digest No.20</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325085305/http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-20.pdf">Archived</a> 25 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll_Foundation" title="Heinrich Böll Foundation">Heinrich Böll Stiftung</a>, 11 October 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackSurina,_Asele2005" class="citation book cs1">Mack, Glenn R.; Surina, Asele (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ABiJgVAPxs0C"><i>Food Culture in Russia And Central Asia</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32773-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32773-4"><bdi>0-313-32773-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530201944/https://books.google.com/books?id=ABiJgVAPxs0C">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Culture+in+Russia+And+Central+Asia&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-313-32773-4&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Glenn+R.&rft.au=Surina%2C+Asele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DABiJgVAPxs0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=521">Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604055309/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=521">Archived</a> 4 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rngeorgia.html">ССР ГРУЗИЯ (1926 г.)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080208080442/http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rngeorgia.html">Archived</a> 8 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150808152125/http://www.lse.ac.uk/anthropology/people/pelkmans.aspx">"Dr Mathijs Pelkmans"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lse.ac.uk/anthropology/people/pelkmans.aspx">the original</a> on 8 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr+Mathijs+Pelkmans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.lse.ac.uk%2Fanthropology%2Fpeople%2Fpelkmans.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pelkmans, Mathijs. <i>Defending the border: identity, religion, and modernity in the Republic of Georgia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>, 2006, pg. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-googlebooks2-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-googlebooks2_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-googlebooks2_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExtraGorter2001" class="citation book cs1">Extra, Guus; Gorter, Durk (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hvmy_skUPNYC&q=number+georgians+living+in+turkey&pg=PA420"><i>The Other Languages of Europe</i></a>. Multilingual Matters. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-509-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-509-7"><bdi>978-1-85359-509-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530201947/https://books.google.com/books?id=hvmy_skUPNYC&q=number+georgians+living+in+turkey&pg=PA420#v=snippet&q=number%20georgians%20living%20in%20turkey&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2014</span>. <q>About 91,000 Muslim Georgians living in Turkey.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+Languages+of+Europe&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85359-509-7&rft.aulast=Extra&rft.aufirst=Guus&rft.au=Gorter%2C+Durk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhvmy_skUPNYC%26q%3Dnumber%2Bgeorgians%2Bliving%2Bin%2Bturkey%26pg%3DPA420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milliyet.com.tr/default.aspx?aType=SonDakika&Kategori=yasam&ArticleID=873452&Date=07.06.2008">"Türkiye'deki Yaşayan Etnik Gruplar Araştırıldı"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Milliyet" title="Milliyet">Milliyet</a></i> (in Turkish). 6 June 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140816184148/http://www.milliyet.com.tr/default.aspx?aType=SonDakika&Kategori=yasam&ArticleID=873452&Date=07.06.2008">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrkiye%27deki+Ya%C5%9Fayan+Etnik+Gruplar+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1r%C4%B1ld%C4%B1&rft.date=2008-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2Fdefault.aspx%3FaType%3DSonDakika%26Kategori%3Dyasam%26ArticleID%3D873452%26Date%3D07.06.2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet1989" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P. (1989). <i>Religion and Nationalism in Soviet and East European Politics</i>. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-0891-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-0891-1"><bdi>978-0-8223-0891-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Nationalism+in+Soviet+and+East+European+Politics&rft.place=Durham&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-0891-1&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedrich1994" class="citation book cs1">Friedrich, Paul (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000unse_q6n9/page/150"><i>Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Russia and Eurasia, China</i></a> (1. publ. ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: G.K. Hall. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000unse_q6n9/page/150">150</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8161-1810-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8161-1810-6"><bdi>978-0-8161-1810-6</bdi></a>. <q>A part of the Ingilo population still retains the (Orthodox) Christian faith, but another, larger segment adheres to the Sunni sect of Islam.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Cultures%3A+Russia+and+Eurasia%2C+China&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=150&rft.edition=1.+publ.&rft.pub=G.K.+Hall&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8161-1810-6&rft.aulast=Friedrich&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofwo0000unse_q6n9%2Fpage%2F150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_H._Rapp_Jr" title="Stephen H. Rapp Jr">Rapp, S. H. Jr.</a> & Crego, P. (2018) Languages and Cultures of Eastern Christianity: Georgian, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351923262" title="Special:BookSources/9781351923262">9781351923262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E.D._Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.D. Allen">W.E.D. Allen</a> (1970) Russian Embassies to the Georgian Kings, 1589–1605, <a href="/wiki/Hakluyt_Society" title="Hakluyt Society">Hakluyt Society</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-4599-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-4599-9">978-1-4094-4599-9</a> (hbk)</li> <li>Eastmond, Anthony (2010), Royal Imagery in Medieval Georgia, Penn State Press</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Grigor_Suny" title="Ronald Grigor Suny">Suny, R. G.</a> (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation, Indiana University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253209153" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253209153">978-0253209153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Bolashvili" title="Nana Bolashvili">Nana Bolashvili</a>, Andreas Dittmann, Lorenz King, Vazha Neidze (eds.): <i><a href="/wiki/National_Atlas_of_Georgia" title="National Atlas of Georgia">National Atlas of Georgia</a></i>, 138 pages, Steiner Verlag, 2018, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-515-12057-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-515-12057-9">978-3-515-12057-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Marshall_Lang" title="David Marshall Lang">Lang, D. M.</a> (1966), The Georgians, Thames & Hudson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rayfield" title="Donald Rayfield">Rayfield, D.</a> (2013), Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia, Reaktion Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1789140590" title="Special:BookSources/978-1789140590">978-1789140590</a></li> <li>Rapp, S. H. Jr. (2016) The Sasanian World Through Georgian Eyes, Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature, Sam Houston State University, USA, Routledge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Toumanoff" title="Cyril Toumanoff">Toumanoff, C.</a> (1963) Studies in Christian Caucasian History, Georgetown University Press</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kartvelians" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kartvelians" title="Template:Kartvelians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kartvelians" title="Template talk:Kartvelians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kartvelians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kartvelians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kartvelians" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kartvelians</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svans" title="Svans">Svans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zans" title="Zans">Zans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mingrelians" title="Mingrelians">Mingrelians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz people</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Colchian_tribes" title="List of ancient Colchian tribes">Colchians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzeres" title="Byzeres">Byzeres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drilae" title="Drilae">Drilae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machelones" title="Machelones">Machelones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrones" title="Macrones">Macrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marres" class="mw-redirect" title="Marres">Marres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossynoeci" title="Mossynoeci">Mossynoeci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasians" title="Phasians">Phasians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanni" title="Sanni">Sanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibareni" title="Tibareni">Tibareni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zydretae" title="Zydretae">Zydretae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia" title="Kingdom of Iberia">Iberians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gugars" title="Gugars">Gugars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saspeires" title="Saspeires">Saspeires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a>/<a href="/wiki/Taochi" title="Taochi">Taochoi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misimians" title="Misimians">Misimians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Georgia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Georgia" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Georgia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Georgia" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Georgia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Georgia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Georgia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Georgia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Georgia">Ethnic groups in Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kartvelians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Lazs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingrelians" title="Mingrelians">Mingrelians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svans" title="Svans">Svans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Ethnic minorities in Georgia (country)">Ethnic minorities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhazians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Georgia" title="Armenians in Georgia">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Georgia" title="Assyrians in Georgia">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qarapapaqs" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarapapaqs">Qarapapaqs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bats_people" title="Bats people">Bats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Germans" title="Caucasus Germans">Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Georgia" title="Greeks in Georgia">Greeks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kist_people" title="Kist people">Kists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Georgia" title="Kurds in Georgia">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetians_in_Georgia" title="Ossetians in Georgia">Ossetians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Georgia" title="Poles in Georgia">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Georgia" title="Russians in Georgia">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Georgia">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Lom people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Ethnic minorities in Georgia (country)">Ethnic minorities in Georgia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" title="Template:Ethnic groups in the Caucasus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in the Caucasus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in the Caucasus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" title="Ethnic groups in the Caucasus">Ethnic groups in the</a> <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus#Language_families_indigenous_to_the_Caucasus" title="Ethnic groups in the Caucasus">Caucasian</a><br /><i>(areal)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georgians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Adjarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvals" title="Dvals">Dvals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guria#Demographics" title="Guria">Gurians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imerkhevians" title="Imerkhevians">Imerkhevians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingiloy_people" title="Ingiloy people">Ingiloys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javakhians" title="Javakhians">Javakhians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakhetians" title="Kakhetians">Kakhetians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetians" title="Meskhetians">Meskhetians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchians" class="mw-redirect" title="Colchians">Colchians</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zans" title="Zans">Zans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Lazs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingrelians" title="Mingrelians">Mingrelians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svans" title="Svans">Svans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Caucasian_languages" title="Northeast Caucasian languages">Northeast</a><br />(Caspian)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avar%E2%80%93Andic_languages" title="Avar–Andic languages">Avar–Andic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andi_people" title="Andi people">Andis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhvakh_people" title="Akhvakh people">Akhvakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avars_(Caucasus)" title="Avars (Caucasus)">Avars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagvalal_people" title="Bagvalal people">Bagvalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botlikh_people" title="Botlikh people">Botlikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamalal_people" title="Chamalal people">Chamalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godoberi_people" title="Godoberi people">Godoberis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karata_people" title="Karata people">Karatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindi_people" title="Tindi people">Tindis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lezgic_languages" title="Lezgic languages">Lezgic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghul_people" title="Aghul people">Aguls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archi_people" title="Archi people">Archin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budukh_people" title="Budukh people">Budukhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jek_people" title="Jek people">Jeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryts_people" title="Kryts people">Kryts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgins" title="Lezgins">Lezgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutul_people" title="Rutul people">Rutuls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasaran_people" title="Tabasaran people">Tabasarans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakhur_people" title="Tsakhur people">Tsakhurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udi_people" title="Udi people">Udis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nakh_peoples" title="Nakh peoples">Nakh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bats_people" title="Bats people">Bats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kist_people" title="Kist people">Kists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aukhs" title="Aukhs">Aukhs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_people" title="Ingush people">Ingush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tsezic_languages" title="Tsezic languages">Tsezic</a> (Didoic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezhta_people" title="Bezhta people">Bezhtas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinukh_people" title="Hinukh people">Hinukhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunzib_people" title="Hunzib people">Hunzibs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarshi_people" title="Khwarshi people">Khwarshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsez_people" title="Tsez people">Tsez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dargins" title="Dargins">Dargins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaitags" title="Kaitags">Kaitags</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khinalug_people" title="Khinalug people">Khinalugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laks_(Caucasus)" title="Laks (Caucasus)">Laks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Caucasian_languages" title="Northwest Caucasian languages">Northwest</a><br />(Pontic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abazins" title="Abazins">Abazins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhazians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadz" title="Sadz">Sadz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abzakhs" title="Abzakhs">Abzakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Adyghe people">Adygeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besleney" title="Besleney">Besleneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bzhedugs" title="Bzhedugs">Bzhedugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemirgoys" title="Chemirgoys">Chemirgoys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkess" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherkess">Cherkess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardians" title="Kabardians">Kabardians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natukhajs" title="Natukhajs">Natukhajs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapsugs" title="Shapsugs">Shapsugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubykh_people" title="Ubykh people">Ubykhs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/250px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/375px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/500px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="1111" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-<br />European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkesogai" title="Cherkesogai">Cherkesogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zok_language" title="Zok language">Zoks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Lom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Greeks" title="Caucasus Greeks">Caucasus Greeks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Loms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_diaspora#Georgia" title="Romani diaspora">Roma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digor_people" title="Digor people">Digors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_people" title="Iron people">Irons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kudar" title="Kudar">Kudar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialeti_Ossetians" class="mw-redirect" title="Trialeti Ossetians">Trialeti Ossetians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Armenia" title="Poles in Armenia">in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Azerbaijan" title="Poles in Azerbaijan">in Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Russians" title="Caucasus Russians">Russians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doukhobors" title="Doukhobors">Doukhobors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molokans" title="Molokans">Molokans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Kuban" title="Ukrainians in Kuban">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Germans" title="Caucasus Germans">Germans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayrums" title="Ayrums">Ayrums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadaghis" title="Karadaghis">Karadaghis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahsevan" title="Shahsevan">Shahsevan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayat_(tribe)" title="Bayat (tribe)">Bayats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs" title="Karapapakhs">Karapapakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCres%C3%BCnni" title="Küresünni">Küresünni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Armenia" title="Assyrians in Armenia">in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Georgia" title="Assyrians in Georgia">in Georgia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Abkhazia" title="History of the Jews in Abkhazia">Abkhaz Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Armenia" title="History of the Jews in Armenia">Armenian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Azerbaijan" title="History of the Jews in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijani Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Georgian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Mountain Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Armenia" title="Ethnic minorities in Armenia">Ethnic minorities in Armenia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Azerbaijan" title="Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan">Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Ethnic minorities in Georgia (country)">Ethnic minorities in Georgia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia" title="Demographics of Russia">Ethnic minorities in Russia</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Georgia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#h999f2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Georgia_(country)_topics" title="Template:Georgia (country) topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Georgia_(country)_topics" title="Template talk:Georgia (country) topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia_(country)_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia (country) topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Georgia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Georgia_(country)-related_articles" title="Index of Georgia (country)-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Georgia" title="Prehistoric Georgia">Prehistoric Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialeti%E2%80%93Vanadzor_culture" title="Trialeti–Vanadzor culture">Trialeti–Vanadzor culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchian_culture" title="Colchian culture">Colchian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushki" title="Mushki">Mushki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia" title="Kingdom of Iberia">Kingdom of Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazica" title="Lazica">Lazica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_Roman_era" title="Georgia in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Iberia" title="Sasanian Iberia">Sasanian Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Christianization of Iberia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Principality of Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagrationi_dynasty" title="Bagrationi dynasty">Bagrationi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_rule_in_Georgia" title="Arab rule in Georgia">Arab rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Tbilisi" title="Emirate of Tbilisi">Emirate of Tbilisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Abkhazia" title="Kingdom of Abkhazia">Kingdom of Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Iberians" title="Kingdom of the Iberians">Kingdom of the Iberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_the_Georgian_realm" title="Unification of the Georgian realm">Unification of the Georgian realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hereti" title="Kingdom of Hereti">Kingdom of Hereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti-Hereti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti">Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Georgian_wars" title="Byzantine–Georgian wars">Byzantine wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Seljuk_wars" title="Georgian–Seljuk wars">Seljuk wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Didgori" title="Battle of Didgori">Battle of Didgori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Golden_Age" title="Georgian Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia">Mongol invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Timurid invasions of Georgia">Timur's invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samtskhe-Saatabago" title="Samtskhe-Saatabago">Samtskhe-Saatabago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Turkoman invasions of Georgia">Turkmen incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Kingdom of Imereti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Abkhazia" title="Principality of Abkhazia">Principality of Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Svaneti" title="Principality of Svaneti">Principality of Svaneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Guria" title="Principality of Guria">Principality of Guria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Mingrelia" title="Principality of Mingrelia">Principality of Mingrelia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli" title="Kingdom of Kartli">Kingdom of Kartli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti">Kingdom of Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Georgia" title="Safavid Georgia">Safavid Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_I%27s_Kakhetian_and_Kartlian_campaigns" title="Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns">Shah Abbas I's invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krtsanisi" title="Battle of Krtsanisi">1795 Persian Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_within_the_Russian_Empire" title="Georgia within the Russian Empire">Absorption by the Russian Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9_tragedy" title="April 9 tragedy">April 9 tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)#Independent_Georgia" title="History of Georgia (country)">Independent Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Georgia" title="Names of Georgia">Names of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Georgian_monarchs" title="Lists of Georgian monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_states_of_Georgia" title="List of historical states of Georgia">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Georgia" title="Military history of Georgia">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Georgia_(country)" title="List of wars involving Georgia (country)">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_Georgia_(country)" title="List of battles involving Georgia (country)">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Georgian_history" title="Timeline of Georgian history">Timeline of Georgian history</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:History of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arms_of_Georgia.svg/80px-Arms_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arms_of_Georgia.svg/120px-Arms_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arms_of_Georgia.svg/160px-Arms_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Georgia" title="Template:Borders of Georgia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of birds of Georgia (country)">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)#Climate" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Georgia" title="List of earthquakes in Georgia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Environmental issues in Georgia (country)">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaciers_of_Georgia" title="Glaciers of Georgia">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Caucasus" title="Greater Caucasus">Greater Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of lakes of Georgia (country)">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Caucasus" title="Lesser Caucasus">Lesser Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of mammals of Georgia (country)">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Georgia" title="National parks of Georgia">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of protected areas of Georgia (country)">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of rivers of Georgia (country)">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Georgia" title="List of volcanoes in Georgia">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Geography of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of cities and towns in Georgia (country)">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhare" title="Mkhare">Regions</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Subdivisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Subdivisions of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_in_Georgia" title="Russian-occupied territories in Georgia">Russian-occupied territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Elections in Georgia (country)">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Georgia" title="Foreign relations of Georgia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Georgia" title="Human rights in Georgia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Georgia_(country)" title="LGBTQ rights in Georgia (country)">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Law enforcement in Georgia (country)">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_of_Georgia" title="Defence Forces of Georgia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of political parties in Georgia (country)">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Economy of Georgia (country)">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Agriculture in Georgia (country)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Georgia" title="National Bank of Georgia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of companies of Georgia (country)">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Energy in Georgia (country)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Lari (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Mining in Georgia (country)">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Stock_Exchange" title="Georgian Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Telecommunications in Georgia (country)">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Tourism in Georgia (country)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Transport in Georgia (country)">Transport</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Economy of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Culture of Georgia (country)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Georgia" title="Architecture of Georgia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_art" title="Georgian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokha" title="Chokha">Chokha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia" title="Cinema of Georgia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine" title="Georgian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dance" title="Georgian dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Georgia" title="Gambling in Georgia">Gambling</a></li> <li>Languages <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Laz_language" title="Laz language">Laz</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_language" title="Mingrelian language">Mingrelian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Svan_language" title="Svan language">Svan</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Mass media in Georgia (country)">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Georgia" title="Public holidays in Georgia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Sport in Georgia (country)">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Georgia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Georgia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Culture of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Demographics of Georgia (country)">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Education in Georgia (country)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Ethnic minorities in Georgia (country)">Ethnic minorities</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georgians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgians" title="List of Georgians">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_diaspora" title="Georgian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Healthcare in Georgia (country)">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Women in Georgia (country)">Women</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Demographics of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tavisupleba" title="Tavisupleba">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolnisi_cross" title="Bolnisi cross">Bolnisi cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borjgali" title="Borjgali">Borjgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Georgia" title="Coat of arms of Georgia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Flag of Georgia (country)">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzala_ertobashia" title="Dzala ertobashia">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Cross" title="Saint George's Cross">cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Saint Nino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grapevine_cross" title="Grapevine cross">cross</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#h999f2;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Outline of Georgia (country)">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Georgia_(country)-related_articles" title="Index of Georgia (country)-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Georgia (country)">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(country)" title="Portal:Georgia (country)">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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