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id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northwest_dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northwest_dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Northwest dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northwest_dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southwest_dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southwest_dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Southwest dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southwest_dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Central dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northeast_dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northeast_dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Northeast dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northeast_dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Eastern dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Other dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> (ქართული <i>kartuli</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian</a> language spoken by about 4 million people, primarily in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> but also by indigenous communities in northern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, and the diaspora, such as in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, Turkey, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. It is a highly standardized language, with established literary and linguistic norms dating back to the 5th century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are at least 18 <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a> of the language. Standard Georgian is largely based on the <a href="/wiki/Prestige_(sociolinguistics)" title="Prestige (sociolinguistics)">prestige</a> <a href="/wiki/Kartli" title="Kartli">Kartlian</a> dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-ARMAZI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARMAZI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has over centuries wiped out significant regional linguistic differences within Georgia, particularly through the centralized educational system and the <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass media</a>. Dialects still retain their unique features in terms of <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vocabulary" title="Vocabulary">vocabulary</a>, but they are virtually entirely intelligible with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three other <a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian languages</a>—<a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_language" title="Mingrelian language">Mingrelian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svan_language" title="Svan language">Svan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laz_language" title="Laz language">Laz</a>—are <a href="/wiki/Sister_language" title="Sister language">sisters</a> to Georgian, but are only partly intelligible to speakers of Standard Georgian or other Georgian dialects. </p><p>Some of the basic variations among the Georgian dialects include: </p> <ul><li>The presence of <a href="/wiki/Glide_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glide (linguistics)">glides</a> [j] (ჲ) and [w] (ჳ) before certain <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a>;</li> <li>The presence of <i>qʰ</i> (ჴ) and <i>q'</i> (ყ) sounds;</li> <li>Distinction between long and short vowels;</li> <li>Extra vowel sounds not found in Standard Georgian;</li> <li>The usage of <i>n</i> (ნ) plural form;</li> <li>Plural <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjectival</a> forms;</li> <li>Non-standard <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a> forms;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaism" title="Archaism">Archaisms</a> and borrowings from neighboring languages not found in Standard Georgian.<sup id="cite_ref-ARMAZI_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARMAZI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Different stress patterns;</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_dialects&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Georgian dialects are classified according to their geographic distribution, reflecting a traditional ethnographic subdivision of the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian people">Georgian people</a>. Beyond the Western and Eastern categories, some scholars have also suggested a Southern group.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These can be further subdivided into five main dialect groups as proposed by Gigineishvili, Topuria, and K'avtaradze (1961):<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northwest_dialects">Northwest dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_dialects&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Northwest dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Imeretian</b> (Imeruli, იმერული) in <a href="/wiki/Imereti" title="Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><b>Lechkhumian</b> (Lečkhumuri, ლეჩხუმური) in <a href="/wiki/Lechkhumi" title="Lechkhumi">Lechkhumi</a></li> <li><b>Rachan</b> (Račuli, რაჭული) in <a href="/wiki/Racha" title="Racha">Racha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southwest_dialects">Southwest dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_dialects&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Southwest dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Gurian</b> (Guruli, გურული) in <a href="/wiki/Guria" title="Guria">Guria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Adjarian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjarian dialect">Adjarian</a></b> (Ačaruli, აჭარული) in <a href="/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara">Adjara</a></li> <li><b>Imerkhevian</b> (Imerkheuli, იმერხეული) in <a href="/wiki/Imerkhevi" title="Imerkhevi">Imerkhevi</a> (Turkey)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_dialects">Central dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_dialects&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Central dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Central dialects, sometimes considered part of the Eastern group, are spoken in central and southern Georgia, and provide the basis for Standard Georgian language. </p> <ul><li><b>Kartlian</b> (Kartluri, ქართლური) in <a href="/wiki/Kartli" title="Kartli">Kartli</a></li> <li><b>Meskhian</b> (Meskhuri, მესხური) in <a href="/wiki/Meskheti" title="Meskheti">Meskheti</a></li> <li><b>Javakhian</b> (Javakhuri, ჯავახური) in <a href="/wiki/Javakheti" title="Javakheti">Javakheti</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northeast_dialects">Northeast dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_dialects&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Northeast dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This group is spoken by the mountaineers in northeast Georgia. </p> <ul><li><b>Mokhevian</b> (Mokheuri, მოხეური), spoken in <a href="/wiki/Khevi" title="Khevi">Khevi</a></li> <li><b>Mtiuletian-Gudamaqrian</b> (Mtiulur-Gudamaqruli, მთიულურ-გუდამაყრული) in <a href="/wiki/Mtiuleti" title="Mtiuleti">Mtiuleti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gudamaqari" title="Gudamaqari">Gudamaqari</a></li> <li><b>Khevsurian</b> (Khevsuruli, ხევსურული) in <a href="/wiki/Khevsureti" title="Khevsureti">Khevsureti</a></li> <li><b>Pshavian</b> (Phšauri, ფშაური) in <a href="/wiki/Pshavi" title="Pshavi">Pshavi</a></li> <li><b>Tushetian</b> (Tušuri, თუშური) in <a href="/wiki/Tusheti" title="Tusheti">Tusheti</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_dialects">Eastern dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_dialects&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eastern dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two of these dialects, Ingiloan and Fereidanian, are spoken outside Georgia, the former by the indigenous Georgians in northwest <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, and the latter by the descendants of the 17th-19th century <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Georgians" title="Iranian Georgians">Georgian deportees</a> and migrants in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. </p> <ul><li><b>Kakhetian</b> (Kakhuri, კახური) in <a href="/wiki/Kakheti" title="Kakheti">Kakheti</a></li> <li><b>Tianetian</b> (Tianeturi, თიანეთური) in <a href="/wiki/Ertso-Tianeti" title="Ertso-Tianeti">Ertso-Tianeti</a></li> <li><b>Ingiloan</b> (Ingilouri, ინგილოური) in <a href="/wiki/Saingilo" title="Saingilo">Saingilo</a> (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><b>Fereydanian</b> (Phereidnuli, ფერეიდნული) in <a href="/wiki/Fereydan" title="Fereydan">Fereydan</a> (Iran)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_dialects">Other dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_dialects&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The obsolescent <b>Kizlar-Mozdokian</b> dialect, was spoken in the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">north central Caucasian</a> areas of <a href="/wiki/Kizlyar" title="Kizlyar">Kizlyar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozdok" title="Mozdok">Mozdok</a> by descendants of those Georgians who fled the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> occupation of Georgia in the early 18th century. It was technically a mixture of various Georgian dialects laden with <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> loanwords. Subsequently, the group was largely <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russified</a> and the dialect became extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judæo-Georgian</a></b> is a language spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Georgian Jews</a>. Largely Georgian phonetically, morphologically, and syntactically, and mixed Georgian-<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> lexically,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is considered by some not to be a distinct language but rather a dialect of Georgian.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_dialects&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmiran_Lomtadze_(Institute_of_Foreign_Languages_and_Literatures,_Tbilisi,_Georgia)_and_Manana_Tabidze_(Chikobava_Institute_of_Linguistics,_Georgian_Academy_of_Sciences)" class="citation journal cs1">Amiran Lomtadze (Institute of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Tbilisi, Georgia) and Manana Tabidze (Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, Georgian Academy of Sciences). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605194603/http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2006-0615-200747/c3.pdf">"Some problems of the functioning of the Georgian language in Georgia, p. 31"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2006-0615-200747/c3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Some+problems+of+the+functioning+of+the+Georgian+language+in+Georgia%2C+p.+31&rft.au=Amiran+Lomtadze+%28Institute+of+Foreign+Languages+and+Literatures%2C+Tbilisi%2C+Georgia%29+and+Manana+Tabidze+%28Chikobava+Institute+of+Linguistics%2C+Georgian+Academy+of+Sciences%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Figitur-archive.library.uu.nl%2Fdissertations%2F2006-0615-200747%2Fc3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgian+dialects" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARMAZI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ARMAZI_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARMAZI_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armazi.demon.co.uk/georgian/unicode/georgian_dialects.htm"><i>Georgian Dialects</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002101/http://www.armazi.demon.co.uk/georgian/unicode/georgian_dialects.htm">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The ARMAZI project. Retrieved on March 28, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manana Kock Kobaidze (2004-02-11) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webzone.imer.mah.se/projects/georgianV04/DEMO/Lect04/StandGe.html"><i>From the history of Standard Georgian</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927075905/http://webzone.imer.mah.se/projects/georgianV04/DEMO/Lect04/StandGe.html">Archived</a> September 27, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Tuite1987" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Tuite" title="Kevin Tuite">Kevin Tuite</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapageweb.umontreal.ca/tuitekj/publications/Tuite-1989-q'e.pdf">"The geography of Georgian q'e"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+geography+of+Georgian+q%27e&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Kevin+Tuite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapageweb.umontreal.ca%2Ftuitekj%2Fpublications%2FTuite-1989-q%27e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgian+dialects" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2000" class="citation cs2">Price, Glanville (2000), <i>Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe</i>, <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell Publishing">Blackwell Publishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-22039-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-22039-9"><bdi>0-631-22039-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Languages+of+Europe&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-631-22039-9&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Glanville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgian+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoʹiBeker1991" class="citation cs2">Roʹi, Yaacov; Beker, Avi (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E_MxlYGaLggC&dq=Jewish+Culture+and+Identity+in+the+Soviet+Union&pg=PP1"><i>Jewish Culture and Identity in the Soviet Union</i></a>, NYU Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-7432-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-7432-6"><bdi>0-8147-7432-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Culture+and+Identity+in+the+Soviet+Union&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8147-7432-6&rft.aulast=Ro%CA%B9i&rft.aufirst=Yaacov&rft.au=Beker%2C+Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE_MxlYGaLggC%26dq%3DJewish%2BCulture%2Band%2BIdentity%2Bin%2Bthe%2BSoviet%2BUnion%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgian+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrenoble2003" class="citation cs2">Grenoble, Lenore A. (2003), <i>Language Policy in the Soviet Union</i>, Springer, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4020-1298-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4020-1298-5"><bdi>1-4020-1298-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Policy+in+the+Soviet+Union&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-4020-1298-5&rft.aulast=Grenoble&rft.aufirst=Lenore+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgian+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Georgian_language" title="Template:Georgian language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Georgian_language" title="Template talk:Georgian language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georgian_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georgian language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Georgian_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grammar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_grammar" title="Georgian grammar">Georgian grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screeve" title="Screeve">Screeve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_conjugation" title="Georgian conjugation">Verb paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz_grammar" title="Laz grammar">Laz grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_grammar" title="Mingrelian grammar">Mingrelian grammar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_XVII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_XVII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94.jpg/160px-%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_XVII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_XVII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94.jpg/240px-%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_XVII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_XVII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94.jpg/320px-%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_XVII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_calligraphy" title="Georgian calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_keyboard" title="Georgian keyboard">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_numerals" title="Georgian numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">Romanization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Encoding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Unicode <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_(Unicode_block)" title="Georgian (Unicode block)">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Supplement" title="Georgian Supplement">Georgian Supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Extended" title="Georgian Extended">Georgian Extended</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Georgian" title="Mac OS Georgian">Mac OS Georgian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genealogy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Kartvelian_language" title="Proto-Kartvelian language">Proto-Kartvelian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Georgian%E2%80%93Zan_language" title="Proto-Georgian–Zan language">Proto-Georgian–Zan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svan_language" title="Svan language">Svan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karto-Zan_languages" title="Karto-Zan languages">Karto-Zan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zan_languages" title="Zan languages">Zan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laz_language" title="Laz language">Laz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_language" title="Mingrelian language">Mingrelian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Georgian" title="Old Georgian">Old Georgian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georgian dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjaran_dialect" title="Adjaran dialect">Adjaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judaeo-Georgian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ani_(letter)" title="Ani (letter)">Ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_(letter)" title="Bani (letter)">Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gani_(letter)" title="Gani (letter)">Gani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doni_(letter)" title="Doni (letter)">Doni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eni_(letter)" title="Eni (letter)">Eni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vini_(letter)" title="Vini (letter)">Vini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeni_(letter)" title="Zeni (letter)">Zeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_(Georgian_letter)" title="He (Georgian letter)">He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tani_(letter)" title="Tani (letter)">Tani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ini_(Georgian_letter)" title="Ini (Georgian letter)">Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27ani" title="K'ani">K'ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasi_(letter)" title="Lasi (letter)">Lasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_(letter)" title="Mani (letter)">Mani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nari_(letter)" title="Nari (letter)">Nari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ie_(letter)" title="Ie (letter)">Ie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oni_(letter)" title="Oni (letter)">Oni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%27ari" title="P'ari">P'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhani" title="Zhani">Zhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rae_(letter)" title="Rae (letter)">Rae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sani_(letter)" title="Sani (letter)">Sani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%27ari" title="T'ari">T'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vie_(letter)" title="Vie (letter)">Vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni_(letter)" title="Uni (letter)">Uni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pari_(letter)" title="Pari (letter)">Pari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_(letter)" title="Kani (letter)">Kani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghani_(letter)" title="Ghani (letter)">Ghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%27ari" title="Q'ari">Q'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shini" title="Shini">Shini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chini_(letter)" title="Chini (letter)">Chini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsani" title="Tsani">Tsani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzili" title="Dzili">Dzili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ts%27ili" title="Ts'ili">Ts'ili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%27ari" title="Ch'ari">Ch'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khani_(letter)" title="Khani (letter)">Khani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khari_(letter)" title="Khari (letter)">Khari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jani_(letter)" title="Jani (letter)">Jani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hae_(letter)" title="Hae (letter)">Hae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoe_(letter)" title="Hoe (letter)">Hoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fi_(letter)" title="Fi (letter)">Fi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Wikipedia" title="Georgian Wikipedia">Georgian Wikipedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Varieties_of_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_varieties" title="Template:Language varieties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Language_varieties" title="Template talk:Language varieties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Language_varieties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Language varieties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Varieties_of_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">Varieties</a> of languages</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_dialects" title="Albanian dialects">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_dialects" title="Aragonese dialects">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dialects" title="Armenian dialects">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_dialects" title="Aromanian dialects">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_dialects" title="Azerbaijani dialects">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_dialects" title="Basque dialects">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_dialects" title="Bengali dialects">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_dialects" title="Bulgarian dialects">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_dialects" title="Catalan dialects">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_dialects" title="Danish dialects">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch dialects">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects of English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_French" title="Varieties of French">French</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_dialects" title="German dialects">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Modern_Greek" title="Varieties of Modern Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Central Indo-Aryan languages">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dialects" title="Japanese dialects">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_dialects" title="Korean dialects">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Macedonian" title="Dialects of Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language#Dialects" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_dialects" title="Norwegian dialects">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_dialects" title="Pashto dialects">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_dialects_and_varieties" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian dialects and varieties">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Polish" title="Dialects of Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_dialects" title="Portuguese dialects">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language#Dialects" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_dialects" title="Romanian dialects">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_dialects" title="Russian dialects">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Serbo-Croatian" title="Dialects of Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_dialects" title="Slovene dialects">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties" title="Spanish dialects and varieties">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_dialects" title="Swedish dialects">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_dialects" title="Turkish dialects">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_dialects" title="Ukrainian dialects">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects of Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" title="Yiddish dialects">Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georgian_dialects&oldid=1253789625">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georgian_dialects&oldid=1253789625</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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