CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Heyward Shepherd monument - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"90bb5bc5-9314-4da1-a0b8-3d3c87c58365","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Heyward_Shepherd_monument","wgTitle":"Heyward Shepherd monument","wgCurRevisionId":1272494952,"wgRevisionId":1272494952,"wgArticleId":55677812,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","All articles that may contain original research","Articles that may contain original research from June 2021","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Webarchive template wayback links","African-American-related controversies","Confederate States of America monuments and memorials in West Virginia","Monuments and memorials to American slaves", "Jefferson County, West Virginia, in the American Civil War","John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry","Free Negroes","Historical controversies","Lost Cause of the Confederacy","History of slavery in West Virginia","Buildings and structures in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia","Tourist attractions in Jefferson County, West Virginia","1931 establishments in West Virginia","United Daughters of the Confederacy monuments and memorials","Buildings and structures completed in 1931","Monuments and memorials to John Brown (abolitionist)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Heyward_Shepherd_monument","wgRelevantArticleId":55677812,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q108824580","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1300"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg/800px-Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="867"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg/640px-Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="694"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Heyward Shepherd monument - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyward_Shepherd_monument"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyward_Shepherd_monument"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Heyward_Shepherd_monument rootpage-Heyward_Shepherd_monument skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Heyward+Shepherd+monument" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Heyward+Shepherd+monument" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Heyward+Shepherd+monument" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Heyward+Shepherd+monument" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historical context</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_context-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical context subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Black_people's_response_to_John_Brown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_people's_response_to_John_Brown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Black people's response to John Brown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_people's_response_to_John_Brown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haywood_Shepherd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haywood_Shepherd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Haywood Shepherd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haywood_Shepherd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Monuments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Monuments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Monuments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1918_plaque_to_Brown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1918_plaque_to_Brown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1918 plaque to Brown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1918_plaque_to_Brown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1931_monument" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1931_monument"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1931 monument</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1931_monument-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1932_plaque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1932_plaque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1932 plaque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1932_plaque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1955_plaque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1955_plaque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1955 plaque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1955_plaque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1994_plaque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1994_plaque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1994 plaque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1994_plaque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Heyward Shepherd monument</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q108824580#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heyward_Shepherd_monument" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Heyward_Shepherd_monument" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heyward_Shepherd_monument"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heyward_Shepherd_monument"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Heyward_Shepherd_monument" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Heyward_Shepherd_monument" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&oldid=1272494952" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&id=1272494952&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHeyward_Shepherd_monument"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHeyward_Shepherd_monument"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q108824580" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Monument in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, USA</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry,_WV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg/220px-Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg/330px-Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg/440px-Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>The Heyward Shepherd monument</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Heyward Shepherd monument</b> is a monument in <a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry,_West_Virginia" title="Harpers Ferry, West Virginia">Harpers Ferry, West Virginia</a>, dedicated in 1931. It commemorates Heyward<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shepherd (1825 – October 17, 1859), a <a href="/wiki/Free_Negro" title="Free Negro">free black man</a> who was the first person killed during <a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918, the all-Black <a href="/wiki/Storer_College" title="Storer College">Storer College</a> dedicated a plaque on its campus celebrating John Brown's raid. The <a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a> (UDC) were offended by this positive depiction of Brown, and commissioned the Heyward Shepherd monument to discredit Brown's positive image and promote the "faithful slave" as a role model for Blacks.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monument misrepresented the circumstances of Shepherd's death to imply that he consciously opposed John Brown's plan to spark a slave rebellion; in reality, Shepherd was not aware of the plan and believed he was dealing with robbers. The inscription praises the "faithfulness of thousands of negroes" to the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate States of American">Confederacy</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. The idea of the "faithful slave" was an important component of the "<a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause of the Confederacy</a>", a <a href="/wiki/Pseudohistorical" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudohistorical">pseudohistorical</a> myth that the cause of the Confederacy was justified and not centered on slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Heyward Shepherd monument was one of many erected by the UDC to help popularize the Lost Cause myth. </p><p>Although the monument was completed before 1923, it was not installed immediately because local White leaders feared that it would provoke interracial animosity. The UDC eventually agreed to change the design to satisfy White leaders' concerns, and the memorial was dedicated in 1931. Despite the changes, the monument was strongly opposed by the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>, the Black press, and the local Black community. The NAACP responded by creating a new tablet that was even stronger in its support for John Brown. The Heyward Shepherd monument continued to be controversial. The <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> (NPS) designed a series of interpretative signs to place the monument in historical context, and from 1981 to 1995 kept it covered in plywood to prevent vandalism.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022, the monument remains on display accompanied by an interpretative sign.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_people's_response_to_John_Brown"><span id="Black_people.27s_response_to_John_Brown"></span>Black people's response to John Brown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Black people's response to John Brown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>See also <a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raiders#Black_participation" title="John Brown's raiders">John Brown's raiders#Black participation</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The monument was intended to publicize the <a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause</a> allegation that the enslaved were happy and did not want freedom; the UDC had a "Faithful Slave Memorial Committee".<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the grand jury Bill of Indictment lists 11 Black enslaved men who were allegedly incited to revolt by the accused. One was locked up in the Charles Town jail together with Brown, Green, and the others. The owners of two submitted claims for their losses. Some slaves were observed with weapons inside the Arsenal. The story that Washington and Allstadt's slaves were there only because they were forced to be there is what the slaves had said, after Brown's raid had failed, and their owners wanted to believe that.<sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 313">: 313 </span></sup> </p><p>A different view is provided by <a href="/wiki/Osborne_Perry_Anderson" title="Osborne Perry Anderson">Osborne Perry Anderson</a>, the only Black in Brown's party who escaped: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>On the Sunday evening of the outbreak, when we visited the plantations and acquainted the slaves with our purpose to effect their liberation, the greatest enthusiasm was manifested by them—joy and hilarity beamed from every countenance. One old mother, white-haired from age, and borne down with the labors of many years in bonds, when told of the work in hand, replied: "God bless you! God bless you!" She then kissed the party at her house, and requested all to kneel, which we did, and she offered prayer to God for His blessing on the enterprise, and our success. At the slaves' quarters, there was apparently a general jubilee, and they stepped forward manfully, without impressing or coaxing. Captain Brown...was surprised and pleased by the promptitude with which they volunteered, and with their manly bearing at the scene of violence. ...The truth of the Harper's Ferry "raid," as it has been called, in regard to the part taken by the slaves, and the aid given by colored men generally, demonstrates clearly: First, that the conduct of the slaves is a strong guarantee of the weakness of the institution, should a favorable opportunity occur; and, secondly, that the colored people, as a body, were well represented by numbers, both in the fight, and in the number who suffered martyrdom afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>However, the official view, in the reports of the Virginians Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a> and Governor <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wise" title="Henry A. Wise">Henry A. Wise</a>, was that no Blacks participated voluntarily at all. Lee's report did not become public until the report of the Senate Select Committee investigating the incident, over six months later. But Wise's views were widely known, as he stated them clearly in speeches, which appeared in many newspapers. </p><p>There is no evidence that Shepherd was opposed to <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a>'s plan to end <a href="/wiki/American_slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="American slavery">American slavery</a>, or even that he had heard of it. He thought he was dealing with robbers. Nevertheless, the monument was intended to be a reply to Blacks' glorification of Brown, in whose honor <a href="/wiki/Storer_College" title="Storer College">Storer College</a> had been established in Harpers Ferry; the college placed a plaque on the Armory in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was no better place, from the UDC's point of view, for a monument to the "happy slave" than Harpers Ferry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (June 2021)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haywood_Shepherd">Haywood Shepherd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Haywood Shepherd"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Haywood Shepherd was a Black man; according to one source he was born free,<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 160">: 160 </span></sup> but another source says that he had been the property of station master Fontaine Beckham.<sup id="cite_ref-Decaro_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decaro-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was over 6 feet (180 cm) in height,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lived in <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester, Virginia</a>, about 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Harpers Ferry, which two communities were served by the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_and_Potomac_Railroad" title="Winchester and Potomac Railroad">Winchester and Potomac</a> rail line. He owned a small house there, had a wife and five children, according to the 1860 census, and had money in the bank.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 164">: 164 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heyward_shepherd,_a_black_porter_who_was_the_first_killed_during_John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Drawing including the following caption: "The above picture shows Hayward Shepherd sitting on his truck in his shirt sleeves. The old Negro who transferred baggage from the Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Station over to the Winchester & Harper's Ferry R. R. Station. He was killed by one of Brown's men just as they came off of the end of the bridge Sunday night, October 16th. It was contrary to Brown's orders; he told his men before they left the Kennedy farm to take no life except in self-defense."" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Heyward_shepherd%2C_a_black_porter_who_was_the_first_killed_during_John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry.jpg/220px-Heyward_shepherd%2C_a_black_porter_who_was_the_first_killed_during_John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Heyward_shepherd%2C_a_black_porter_who_was_the_first_killed_during_John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry.jpg/330px-Heyward_shepherd%2C_a_black_porter_who_was_the_first_killed_during_John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Heyward_shepherd%2C_a_black_porter_who_was_the_first_killed_during_John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>This is from a 1906 book by Elijah Avey, <i>The Capture and Execution of John Brown</i>. The author says that he was an eyewitness. It is not known if it was the author who made the drawing.</figcaption></figure> <p>He had worked for nearly twenty years as a porter or baggage handler with the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a>, whose trains went back and forth through Harpers Ferry.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Harpers Ferry was the first interline rail junction in the country: there was frequently baggage or freight to move to or from the trains of the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_and_Potomac_Railroad" title="Winchester and Potomac Railroad">Winchester and Potomac Railroad</a>, whose northern terminus was the Harpers Ferry station. The stationmaster was Fontaine Beckham, the popular mayor of Harpers Ferry; when he was absent, Shepherd was in charge of the station. Beckham, who also was killed, "liked him very much."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>What happened, as described by Shepherd to the physician who treated him, John D. Starry, was "that he had been out on the railroad bridge looking for a watchman who was missing, and he had been ordered to halt by some men who were there, and, instead of doing that, he turned to go back to the office, and as he turned they shot him in the back."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He rejected his assaulters' claim that this was to begin a slave rebellion. He thought they were robbers and refused to keep quiet as they requested.<sup id="cite_ref-Decaro_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decaro-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15">: 15 </span></sup> </p><p>A bill was introduced into the Virginia Legislature to provide a pension for his widow Sarah.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife and children moved to Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xi">: xi </span></sup> </p><p>He was buried in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winchester%E2%80%93Fairfax_Colored_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winchester–Fairfax Colored Cemetery (page does not exist)">Winchester–Fairfax Colored Cemetery</a>, on what is today <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_11_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 11 in Virginia">Route 11</a>, with "honors of war by the military companies of the town, accompanied by the mayor and other citizens."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1932 no one could find his grave.<sup id="cite_ref-Ochiai_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochiai-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, Winchester's Old Colored Cemetery has been paved over and the location used for parking. It was located at current North East Lane and Woodstock Lane, near <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&params=39.18444_N_78.16069_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°11′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">78°09′38″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.18444°N 78.16069°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.18444; -78.16069</span></span></span></a></span></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monuments">Monuments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There has been contention throughout the 20th century as to what plaque, if any, should be displayed next to the UDC's memorial. "Today the Heyward Shepherd Memorial stands not as a representative of a community's collective remembrance, but rather as a testament to the struggle between Southern Whites and African Americans to write their respective memories of the raid into the historical landscape."<sup id="cite_ref-Stone_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1918_plaque_to_Brown">1918 plaque to Brown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1918 plaque to Brown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Brown%27s_Fort_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/John_Brown%27s_Fort_plaque.jpg/220px-John_Brown%27s_Fort_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/John_Brown%27s_Fort_plaque.jpg/330px-John_Brown%27s_Fort_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/John_Brown%27s_Fort_plaque.jpg/440px-John_Brown%27s_Fort_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>John Brown's Fort plaque</figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of the monument to the "faithful slave" is the monument to Brown, posted on the original building, the "firehouse," which had been moved to the campus of <a href="/wiki/Storer_College" title="Storer College">Storer College</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="poem"> <p>THAT THIS NATION MIGHT HAVE<br /> A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM<br /> THAT SLAVERY SHOULD BE REMOVED <br /> FOREVER FROM AMERICAN SOIL<br /> <big>JOHN BROWN</big><br /> AND HIS 21 MEN GAVE THEIR<br /> LIVES<br /> TO COMMEMORATE THEIR<br /> HEROISM THIS TABLET IS <br /> PLACED ON THIS BUILDING<br /> WHICH HAS SINCE BEEN<br /> KNOWN AS<br /> <big>JOHN BROWN'S FORT</big><br /> BY THE<br /> ALUMNI OF STORER COLLEGE<br /> 1918 </p> </div></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1931_monument">1931 monument</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1931 monument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In 1931, after opposition since it had been proposed in 1920,<sup id="cite_ref-E-wv_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E-wv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ochiai_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochiai-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 12–13">: 12–13 </span></sup> what was called at the time the Faithful Slave Memorial<sup id="cite_ref-E-wv_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E-wv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was erected by the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Confederate_Veterans" title="Sons of Confederate Veterans">Sons of Confederate Veterans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a> <span class="nowrap">(<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&params=39.3233_N_77.73005_W_type:landmark_region:US-WV"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°19′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°43′48″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.32330°N 77.73005°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.32330; -77.73005</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</span>. The text of the granite monument reads: </p><blockquote><p>On the night of October 16, 1859, Heyward Shepherd, an industrious and respected colored freeman, was mortally wounded by John Brown's raiders. In pursuance of his duties as an employee of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, he became the first victim of this attempted insurrection.<br /><br />This boulder is erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Sons of Confederate Veterans as a memorial to Heyward Shepherd, exemplifying the character and faithfulness of thousands of negros who, under many temptations throughout subsequent years of war, so conducted themselves that no stain was left upon a record which is the peculiar heritage of the American people, and an everlasting tribute to the best in both races.<sup id="cite_ref-E-wv_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E-wv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Although he had objected to the original 1920 proposal as provocative of "unpleasant racial feeling"—there was a <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> march a year later—Storer College president <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_T._MacDonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry T. MacDonald (page does not exist)">Henry T. MacDonald</a> gave the opening address, and the college chorus performed.<sup id="cite_ref-Ochiai_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochiai-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13–14">: 13–14 </span></sup> A "distinguished colored clergyman" gave the benediction.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1932_plaque">1932 plaque</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1932 plaque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The monument was immediately challenged by many as perpetuating the "happy slave" concept of slavery as a justification for the practice. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> responded by preparing a plaque, which they called "The Great Tablet",<sup id="cite_ref-Naacp_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naacp-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be displayed at <a href="/wiki/Storer_College" title="Storer College">Storer College</a> in Harpers Ferry, where the <a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Fort" title="John Brown's Fort">firehouse used by John Brown as a fort</a> had been moved. The text on the plaque, replying to the "faithful slave" allegation that Virginia's happy slaves did not want freedom, states that seven "slaves and sons of slaves" fought with Brown, who was "crucified". It was written by <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(biography)" title="John Brown (biography)">a biography of John Brown</a> and NAACP cofounder.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_T._MacDonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry T. MacDonald (page does not exist)">Henry T. MacDonald</a>, the white president of Storer, who had participated in the UDC's 1931 ceremony,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refused to allow the plaque to be mounted, because he found it "too militant".<sup id="cite_ref-Naacp_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naacp-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, 74 years later, the plaque was finally given a public place, but a remote one: on the former Storer College grounds, at the Fort's former location.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourist guides largely ignore it.<sup id="cite_ref-Ochiai_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochiai-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> The plaque reads:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:50%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote center-aligned" style=""> <div class="poem"> <p>HERE<br /> JOHN BROWN<br /> AIMED AT HUMAN SLAVERY<br /> A BLOW<br /> THAT WOKE A GUILTY NATION.<br /> WITH HIM FOUGHT<br /> SEVEN SLAVES AND SONS OF SLAVES.<br /> OVER HIS CRUCIFIED CORPSE<br /> MARCHED 200,000 BLACK SOLDIERS<br /> AND 4,000,000 FREEDMEN<br /> SINGING<br /> “JOHN BROWN’S BODY LIES<br /> A-MOULDERING IN THE GRAVE<br /> BUT HIS SOUL GOES MARCHING ON!”<br /><br /> IN GRATITUDE THIS TABLET IS ERECTED<br /> THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE<br /> ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE<br /> MAY 21, 1932 </p> </div> </blockquote> </div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaas.gr.jp/jjas/PDF/2012/01_007-026.pdf#page=13">2010 picture of the plaque</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210626163116/http://www.jaas.gr.jp/jjas/PDF/2012/01_007-026.pdf#page=13">Archived</a> 2021-06-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at its current location. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://storage.googleapis.com/clio-images/33482.78780.jpg">Close-up photo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1955_plaque">1955 plaque</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1955 plaque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A plaque to contextualize the original 1931 monument was placed in 1955 by the National Park Service. The text of the plaque read: </p> <blockquote><p>John Brown's raid on the armory at Harpers Ferry caused the death of four townspeople. One of those who died in the fighting was Heyward Shepherd, a railroad baggagemaster and a free black. Although the true identity of his assailant is uncertain, Shepherd soon became a symbol of the "faithful servant" among those who deplored Brown's action against the traditional southern way of life. The monument, placed here in 1931, reflects those traditional views.</p></blockquote> <p>The monument was in storage from 1976 to 1980 and then shrouded in plywood, supposedly to protect it from vandalism, until 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1994_plaque">1994 plaque</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1994 plaque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Another plaque was installed near the 1931 monument by the National Park Service, to place the monument in context. It reads: </p><blockquote><p>On October 17, 1859, abolitionist John Brown attacked Harpers Ferry to launch a war against slavery. Heyward Shepherd, a free African-American railroad baggage master, was shot and killed by Brown's men shortly after midnight. Seventy-two years later, on October 10, 1931, a crowd estimated to 300 whites and 100 blacks gathered to unveil and dedicate the Shepherd Monument. During the ceremony, voices rose to praise and denounce the monument. Conceived around the turn of the century, the monument endured controversy. In 1905, the United Daughters of the Confederacy stated that erecting the monument would influence for good the present and coming generations, and prove that the people of the South who owned slaves valued and respected their good qualities as no one else ever did or will do.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_slaves_monument" title="Loyal slaves monument">Loyal slaves monument</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Heyward" is a misspelling of Shepherd's recorded name of Haywood.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The UDC originally assumed that Shepherd had been a slave. They eventually changed the memorial to reflect Shepherd's status as a freedman, but they continued to refer to it as the "faithful slave monument". According to the historian Caroline Janney, "They found little relevance in his status as free or slave—either way, he was a black man who was 'loyal' and subservient to white interests."<sup id="cite_ref-Stone_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 135">: 135 </span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/haywood-shepherd.htm">"Haywood Shepherd (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>www.nps.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Haywood+Shepherd+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2F000%2Fhaywood-shepherd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stone-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stone_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanney2006" class="citation news cs1">Janney, Caroline E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/article/197855">"Written in Stone: Gender, Race, and the Heyward Shepherd Memorial"</a>. <i>Civil War History</i>. Vol. 52, no. 2. pp. <span class="nowrap">117–</span>141. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181214065807/http://muse.jhu.edu/article/197855">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Civil+War+History&rft.atitle=Written+in+Stone%3A+Gender%2C+Race%2C+and+the+Heyward+Shepherd+Memorial&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E141&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Janney&rft.aufirst=Caroline+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F197855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/places/000/heyward-shepherd-monument.htm">"Heyward Shepherd Monument"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Heyward+Shepherd+Monument&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fplaces%2F000%2Fheyward-shepherd-monument.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1997" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, Mary (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wvculture.org/history/journal_wvh/wvh56-1.html">"An 'Ever Present Bone of Contention': the Heyward Shepherd Memorial"</a>. <i>West Virginia History</i>. <b>56</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080526082653/http://www.wvculture.org/HiStory/journal_wvh/wvh56-1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=West+Virginia+History&rft.atitle=An+%27Ever+Present+Bone+of+Contention%27%3A+the+Heyward+Shepherd+Memorial&rft.volume=56&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E26&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.wvculture.org%2Fhistory%2Fjournal_wvh%2Fwvh56-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reynolds-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_S._Reynolds" title="David S. Reynolds">Reynolds, David S.</a> (2005). <i>John Brown, Abolitionist. The Man Who Killed Slavery, Sparked the Civil War, and Seeded Civil Rights</i>. <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0375726152" title="Special:BookSources/0375726152"><bdi>0375726152</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Brown%2C+Abolitionist.+The+Man+Who+Killed+Slavery%2C+Sparked+the+Civil+War%2C+and+Seeded+Civil+Rights&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0375726152&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1861" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Osborne_Perry_Anderson" title="Osborne Perry Anderson">Anderson, Osborne Perry</a> (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ASPC0005194700/mode/2up?q=Phil"><i>A Voice from Harper's Ferry. A Narrative of Events at Harper's Ferry; with incidents prior and subsequent to its capture by John Brown and his men</i></a>. Boston: Published by the author. p. 60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Voice+from+Harper%27s+Ferry.+A+Narrative+of+Events+at+Harper%27s+Ferry%3B+with+incidents+prior+and+subsequent+to+its+capture+by+John+Brown+and+his+men&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Published+by+the+author&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Osborne+Perry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FASPC0005194700%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DPhil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-plaque-in-harpers-ferry-wv-8728713.html">"Plaque in Harpers Ferry WV"</a>. 1918. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181214213916/https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-plaque-in-harpers-ferry-wv-8728713.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plaque+in+Harpers+Ferry+WV&rft.date=1918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alamy.com%2Fstock-photo-plaque-in-harpers-ferry-wv-8728713.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyer-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2018" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Eugene L. (2018). <i>Five for Freedom. The African American Soldiers in John Brown's Army</i>. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books (<a href="/wiki/Chicago_Review_Press" title="Chicago Review Press">Chicago Review Press</a>). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781613735725" title="Special:BookSources/9781613735725"><bdi>9781613735725</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Five+for+Freedom.+The+African+American+Soldiers+in+John+Brown%27s+Army&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Lawrence+Hill+Books+%28Chicago+Review+Press%29&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781613735725&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Eugene+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Decaro-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Decaro_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Decaro_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeCaro_Jr.2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_DeCaro_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis DeCaro Jr. (page does not exist)">DeCaro Jr., Louis</a> (2015). <i>Freedom's Dawn. The Last Days of John Brown in Virginia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lanham,_Maryland" title="Lanham, Maryland">Lanham, Maryland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442236721" title="Special:BookSources/9781442236721"><bdi>9781442236721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom%27s+Dawn.+The+Last+Days+of+John+Brown+in+Virginia&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781442236721&rft.aulast=DeCaro+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SCS19810709.1.34&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-%252522Heyward+shepherd%252522-------1">"NAACP And DAR Locked In Battle Over A Statue"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Sentinel" title="Santa Cruz Sentinel">Santa Cruz Sentinel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California" title="Santa Cruz, California">Santa Cruz, California</a>)</i>. July 9, 1981. p. 34. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210710123000/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SCS19810709.1.34&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-%252522Heyward+shepherd%252522-------1">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/California_Digital_Newspaper_Collection" title="California Digital Newspaper Collection">California Digital Newspaper Collection</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Santa+Cruz+Sentinel+%28Santa+Cruz%2C+California%29&rft.atitle=NAACP+And+DAR+Locked+In+Battle+Over+A+Statue&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1981-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcdnc%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DSCS19810709.1.34%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-%25252522Heyward%2Bshepherd%25252522-------1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA_Citizen_of_Harpers_Ferry1859" class="citation book cs1">A Citizen of Harpers Ferry (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slavery.amdigital.co.uk/Contents/Transcript.aspx?imageid=652581&vpath=searchresults"><i>Startling incidents & developments of Osowotomy Brown's insurrectory and treasonable movements at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, October 17th, 1859 : with a true and accurate account of the whole transaction</i></a>. Baltimore. p. 19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210710123024/https://www.login.amdigital.co.uk/Login.aspx?sessionID=01jdb345xtanoo45ttebr02n&returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slavery.amdigital.co.uk%2FContents%2FTranscript.aspx%3Fimageid%3D652581%26vpath%3Dsearchresults&login=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slavery.amdigital.co.uk%2FLogin.aspx&cookiesTesting=true">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-17</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Adam_Matthew" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Matthew">Adam Matthew</a> (subscription required).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Startling+incidents+%26+developments+of+Osowotomy+Brown%27s+insurrectory+and+treasonable+movements+at+Harper%27s+Ferry%2C+Virginia%2C+October+17th%2C+1859+%3A+with+a+true+and+accurate+account+of+the+whole+transaction&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1859&rft.au=A+Citizen+of+Harpers+Ferry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slavery.amdigital.co.uk%2FContents%2FTranscript.aspx%3Fimageid%3D652581%26vpath%3Dsearchresults&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41738495/reactions_to_john_browns_raid_on/">"An incident of the rebellion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Sun">Baltimore Sun</a></i>. October 25, 1859. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200514224535/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41738495/reactions_to_john_browns_raid_on/">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=An+incident+of+the+rebellion&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1859-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41738495%2Freactions_to_john_browns_raid_on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Congress._Senate._Select_Committee_on_the_Harper's_Ferry_Invasion1860" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. Senate. Select Committee on the Harper's Ferry Invasion (1860). Mason, John Murray (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reportselectcommi00unit/page/n1">"Senate Select Committee Report on the Harper's Ferry Invasion"</a>. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senate+Select+Committee+Report+on+the+Harper%27s+Ferry+Invasion&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1860&rft.au=United+States+Congress.+Senate.+Select+Committee+on+the+Harper%27s+Ferry+Invasion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freportselectcommi00unit%2Fpage%2Fn1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/118549613/pension-for-widow-of-heywood-shepherd/">"Legislature of Virginia. Wednesday, February 22, 1860. Senate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Enquirer" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Enquirer">Richmond Enquirer</a></i>. 24 Feb 1860. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Legislature+of+Virginia.+Wednesday%2C+February+22%2C+1860.+Senate&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1860-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F118549613%2Fpension-for-widow-of-heywood-shepherd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73841415/burial-of-heyward-shepherd/">"(Untitled)"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepherdstown_Register&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shepherdstown Register (page does not exist)">Shepherdstown Register</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shepherdstown,_West_Virginia" title="Shepherdstown, West Virginia">Shepherdstown, West Virginia</a>)</i>. October 29, 1859. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210710122955/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73841415/burial-of-heyward-shepherd/">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shepherdstown+Register+%28Shepherdstown%2C+West+Virginia%29&rft.atitle=%28Untitled%29&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1859-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F73841415%2Fburial-of-heyward-shepherd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ochiai-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ochiai_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ochiai_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ochiai_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ochiai_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOchiai2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ochiai, Akiko (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaas.gr.jp/jjas/PDF/2012/01_007-026.pdf">"Continuing Skirmishes in Harpers Ferry: Entangled Memories of Heyward Shepherd and John Brown"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Journal_of_American_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese Journal of American Studies (page does not exist)">Japanese Journal of American Studies</a></i> (23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210626163116/http://www.jaas.gr.jp/jjas/PDF/2012/01_007-026.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japanese+Journal+of+American+Studies&rft.atitle=Continuing+Skirmishes+in+Harpers+Ferry%3A+Entangled+Memories+of+Heyward+Shepherd+and+John+Brown&rft.issue=23&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Ochiai&rft.aufirst=Akiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaas.gr.jp%2Fjjas%2FPDF%2F2012%2F01_007-026.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, Calvin J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceviews.com/photo/library/SIA1719.html">"John Brown's Fort"</a>. scienceviews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223030237/http://scienceviews.com/photo/library/SIA1719.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Brown%27s+Fort&rft.pub=scienceviews.com&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Calvin+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscienceviews.com%2Fphoto%2Flibrary%2FSIA1719.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-E-wv-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-E-wv_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-E-wv_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-E-wv_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2015" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Mary (2015). "Heyward Shepherd". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/391"><i>e-WV The West Virginia Encyclopedia</i></a>. West Virginia Humanities Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215022145/https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/391">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Heyward+Shepherd&rft.btitle=e-WV+The+West+Virginia+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=West+Virginia+Humanities+Council&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wvencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2F391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/harrisonburg-daily-news-record-sep-28-1931-p-8/">"Dedicate memorial to slave, Oct. 10"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_News-Record" title="Daily News-Record">Daily News-Record</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia" title="Harrisonburg, Virginia">Harrisonburg, Virginia</a>. Sep 28, 1931. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News-Record&rft.atitle=Dedicate+memorial+to+slave%2C+Oct.+10&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1931-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Fharrisonburg-daily-news-record-sep-28-1931-p-8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Naacp-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Naacp_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naacp_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76117619/naaacp-installs-john-brown-plaque/">"NAACP kicks off convention by honoring abolitionist Brown"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_Democrat" title="The Star Democrat">The Star Democrat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Easton,_Maryland" title="Easton, Maryland">Easton, Maryland</a>)</i>. July 4, 2006. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420100409/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76117619/naaacp-installs-john-brown-plaque/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-20</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star+Democrat+%28Easton%2C+Maryland%29&rft.atitle=NAACP+kicks+off+convention+by+honoring+abolitionist+Brown&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2006-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F76117619%2Fnaaacp-installs-john-brown-plaque%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker1995" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, Greg (September 3, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1995-09-03-1995246078-story.html">"Tribute to victim of Brown's raid still controversial"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Sun">Baltimore Sun</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200831111443/https://www.baltimoresun.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Tribute+to+victim+of+Brown%27s+raid+still+controversial&rft.date=1995-09-03&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1995-09-03-1995246078-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawks2019" class="citation web cs1">Hawks, Steve A. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stonesentinels.com/harpers-ferry/tour-battlefield/lower-town-harpers-ferry/harpers-ferry-history-marker/">"Harpers Ferry History marker"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822202750/http://stonesentinels.com/harpers-ferry/tour-battlefield/lower-town-harpers-ferry/harpers-ferry-history-marker/">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harpers+Ferry+History+marker&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Hawks&rft.aufirst=Steve+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstonesentinels.com%2Fharpers-ferry%2Ftour-battlefield%2Flower-town-harpers-ferry%2Fharpers-ferry-history-marker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41791280/heyward_shepherd_memorial_deficated/">"Tablet to Shepherd, John Brown Raider Victim, Unveiled"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. October 11, 1931. p. 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200831111444/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41791280/heyward-shepherd-memorial-dedicated/">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Tablet+to+Shepherd%2C+John+Brown+Raider+Victim%2C+Unveiled&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1931-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41791280%2Fheyward_shepherd_memorial_deficated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76118126/naacp-honors-john-brown-abolitionist/">"NAACP leads up to milestone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Beach Post">Palm Beach Post</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="West Palm Beach, Florida">West Palm Beach, Florida</a>)</i>. July 15, 2006. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420110259/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76118126/naacp-honors-john-brown-abolitionist/">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palm+Beach+Post+%28West+Palm+Beach%2C+Florida%29&rft.atitle=NAACP+leads+up+to+milestone&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2006-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F76118126%2Fnaacp-honors-john-brown-abolitionist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStraley2017" class="citation web cs1">Straley, Steven C. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theclio.com/web/entry?id=33482">"NAACP Tablet Commemoration"</a>. Clio: Your Guide to History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223030205/https://www.theclio.com/web/entry?id=33482">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NAACP+Tablet+Commemoration&rft.pub=Clio%3A+Your+Guide+to+History&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Straley&rft.aufirst=Steven+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theclio.com%2Fweb%2Fentry%3Fid%3D33482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=12952">"John Brown"</a>. Historical Markers Database. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215065923/https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=12952">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=John+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.org%2Fmarker.asp%3Fmarker%3D12952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Media</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibbyFryeWoodall2021" class="citation cs2">Libby, Jean; Frye, Dennis; Woodall, Jim (March 25, 2021), Broomall, James (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/georgetylermoorecenter/videos/715417129077321/"><i>Searching for H. Shepherd</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Shepherdstown,_West_Virginia" title="Shepherdstown, West Virginia">Shepherdstown, West Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Tyler_Moore_Center_for_the_Study_of_the_Civil_War" title="George Tyler Moore Center for the Study of the Civil War">George Tyler Moore Center for the Study of the Civil War</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Searching+for+H.+Shepherd&rft.place=Shepherdstown%2C+West+Virginia&rft.pub=George+Tyler+Moore+Center+for+the+Study+of+the+Civil+War&rft.date=2021-03-25&rft.aulast=Libby&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Frye%2C+Dennis&rft.au=Woodall%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fgeorgetylermoorecenter%2Fvideos%2F715417129077321%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibby2021" class="citation cs2">Libby, Jean (March 25, 2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706125915/http://www.alliesforfreedom.org/files/Searching_for_Hayward_Shepherd_03-25.pdf"><i>Searching for Hayward Shepherd</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Shepherdstown,_West_Virginia" title="Shepherdstown, West Virginia">Shepherdstown, West Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Tyler_Moore_Center_for_the_Study_of_the_Civil_War" title="George Tyler Moore Center for the Study of the Civil War">George Tyler Moore Center for the Study of the Civil War</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alliesforfreedom.org/files/Searching_for_Hayward_Shepherd_03-25.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Searching+for+Hayward+Shepherd&rft.place=Shepherdstown%2C+West+Virginia&rft.pub=George+Tyler+Moore+Center+for+the+Study+of+the+Civil+War&rft.date=2021-03-25&rft.aulast=Libby&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alliesforfreedom.org%2Ffiles%2FSearching_for_Hayward_Shepherd_03-25.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Further reading (most recent first)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolloway2019" class="citation journal cs1">Holloway, Kali (March 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115105301/https://www.thenation.com/article/loyal-slave-confederate-monuments-civil-war-slavery/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Loyal Slave' Monuments Tell a Racist Lie About American History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/loyal-slave-confederate-monuments-civil-war-slavery/">the original</a> on November 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=%27Loyal+Slave%27+Monuments+Tell+a+Racist+Lie+About+American+History&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft.aulast=Holloway&rft.aufirst=Kali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Floyal-slave-confederate-monuments-civil-war-slavery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolloway2018" class="citation news cs1">Holloway, Kali (October 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://independentmediainstitute.org/the-heyward-shepherd-monument-an-overt-ode-to-slavery/">"The Heyward Shepherd Monument: An Overt Ode to Slavery"</a>. Independent Media Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Heyward+Shepherd+Monument%3A+An+Overt+Ode+to+Slavery&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft.aulast=Holloway&rft.aufirst=Kali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findependentmediainstitute.org%2Fthe-heyward-shepherd-monument-an-overt-ode-to-slavery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolloway2018" class="citation news cs1">Holloway, Kali (October 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiritofjefferson.com/news/article_46671040-cd81-11e8-a57d-2fe04a95b447.html">"Heyward Shepherd 'tribute' is a racist relic that must come down"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Jefferson" title="Spirit of Jefferson">Spirit of Jefferson</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Town,_West_Virginia" title="Charles Town, West Virginia">Charles Town, West Virginia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spirit+of+Jefferson&rft.atitle=Heyward+Shepherd+%27tribute%27+is+a+racist+relic+that+must+come+down&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft.aulast=Holloway&rft.aufirst=Kali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiritofjefferson.com%2Fnews%2Farticle_46671040-cd81-11e8-a57d-2fe04a95b447.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2017" class="citation news cs1">Levin, Kevin M. (August 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/pernicious-myth-loyal-slave-lives-confederate-memorials-180964546/">"The Pernicious Myth of the 'Loyal Slave' Lives on in Confederate Memorials"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Magazine">Smithsonian Magazine</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Pernicious+Myth+of+the+%27Loyal+Slave%27+Lives+on+in+Confederate+Memorials&rft.date=2017-08-17&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Kevin+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fpernicious-myth-loyal-slave-lives-confederate-memorials-180964546%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hayes, Dianne. "NAACP Retraces History at Harpers Ferry." Diverse: Issues in Higher Education 23, no. 13 (August 10, 2006): 17.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShackel2003" class="citation journal cs1">Shackel, Paul A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25617086">"Heyward Shepherd: The Faithful Slave Memorial"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historical_Archaeology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historical Archaeology (page does not exist)">Historical Archaeology</a></i>. Remembering Landscapes of Conflict. <b>37</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">138–</span>148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF03376617">10.1007/BF03376617</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25617086">25617086</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159933805">159933805</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Heyward+Shepherd%3A+The+Faithful+Slave+Memorial&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E138-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159933805%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25617086%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF03376617&rft.aulast=Shackel&rft.aufirst=Paul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25617086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1997" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, Mary (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wvculture.org/history/journal_wvh/wvh56-1.html">"An 'Ever Present Bone of Contention': the Heyward Shepherd Memorial"</a>. <i>West Virginia History</i>. <b>56</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=West+Virginia+History&rft.atitle=An+%27Ever+Present+Bone+of+Contention%27%3A+the+Heyward+Shepherd+Memorial&rft.volume=56&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E26&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.wvculture.org%2Fhistory%2Fjournal_wvh%2Fwvh56-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fTkDAAAAMBAJ&q=Monument+to+First+Black+Killed+at+Harpers+Ferry+Draws+Criticism&pg=PA22">"Monument to First Black Killed at Harpers Ferry Draws Criticism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a></i>. Johnson Publishing Company. September 18, 1995. pp. <span class="nowrap">22–</span>23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Monument+to+First+Black+Killed+at+Harpers+Ferry+Draws+Criticism&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.date=1995-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfTkDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DMonument%2Bto%2BFirst%2BBlack%2BKilled%2Bat%2BHarpers%2BFerry%2BDraws%2BCriticism%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeyward+Shepherd+monument" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Andrews, Matthew Page. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5528615">Heyward Shepherd, Victim of Violence. Address of Dedication at the Unveiling of the Heyward Shepherd Monument, at Harpers Ferry, October 10, 1931</a>. [Harpers Ferry, W. Va.?]: Published under the auspices of the Heyward Shepherd Memorial Association, 1931.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_Brown&#039;s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry119" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Brown%27s_Raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="Template:John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Brown%27s_Raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="Template talk:John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Brown%27s_Raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Brown&#039;s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry119" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raiders" title="John Brown's raiders">John Brown's raiders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_Perry_Anderson" title="Osborne Perry Anderson">Osborne Perry Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_body" title="John Brown's body">body</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Brown_(abolitionist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliver Brown (abolitionist)">Oliver Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Brown_(abolitionist,_born_1824)" title="Owen Brown (abolitionist, born 1824)">Owen Brown (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watson_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="Watson Brown (abolitionist)">Watson Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_Copeland_Jr." title="John Anthony Copeland Jr.">John Anthony Copeland Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barclay_Coppock" class="mw-redirect" title="Barclay Coppock">Barclay Coppock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Coppock" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Coppock">Edwin Coppock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shields_Green" title="Shields Green">Shields Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hazlett" title="Albert Hazlett">Albert Hazlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Kagi" title="John Henry Kagi">John Henry Kagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Sheridan_Leary" title="Lewis Sheridan Leary">Lewis Sheridan Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Jackson_Meriam" title="Francis Jackson Meriam">Francis Jackson Meriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangerfield_Newby" title="Dangerfield Newby">Dangerfield Newby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Dwight_Stevens" title="Aaron Dwight Stevens">Aaron Dwight Stevens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secret_Six" title="Secret Six">Secret Six</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wentworth_Higginson" title="Thomas Wentworth Higginson">Thomas Wentworth Higginson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gridley_Howe" title="Samuel Gridley Howe">Samuel Gridley Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Parker" title="Theodore Parker">Theodore Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Benjamin_Sanborn" title="Franklin Benjamin Sanborn">Franklin Benjamin Sanborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Smith" title="Gerrit Smith">Gerrit Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Luther_Stearns" title="George Luther Stearns">George Luther Stearns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes_Booth" title="John Wilkes Booth">John Wilkes Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Day_Brown" title="Mary Ann Day Brown">Mary Ann Day Brown</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Brown_(abolitionist,_born_1771)" title="Owen Brown (abolitionist, born 1771)">Owen Brown (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_Junior" title="John Brown Junior">John Brown, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chilton" title="Samuel Chilton">Samuel Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E.P._Daingerfield" title="John E.P. Daingerfield">John E.P. Daingerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Greene" title="Israel Greene">Israel Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Hoyt" title="George Henry Hoyt">George Henry Hoyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hunter_(lawyer)" title="Andrew Hunter (lawyer)">Andrew Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Stonewall Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Mason" title="James M. Mason">James M. Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Parker_(congressman)" title="Richard Parker (congressman)">Richard Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Phillips" title="Wendell Phillips">Wendell Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Realf" title="Richard Realf">Richard Realf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Redpath" title="James Redpath">James Redpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sennott" title="George Sennott">George Sennott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heyward Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Steuart_(militia_general)" title="George H. Steuart (militia general)">George H. Steuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart" title="J. E. B. Stuart">J. E. B. Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Washington" title="Lewis Washington">Lewis Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wise" title="Henry A. Wise">Henry A. Wise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allstadt_House_and_Ordinary" title="Allstadt House and Ordinary">Allstadt House and Ordinary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_%26_O_Railroad_Potomac_River_Crossing" title="B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing">B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beall-Air" title="Beall-Air">Beall-Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Town,_West_Virginia" title="Charles Town, West Virginia">Charles Town, West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson-Todd_House" title="Gibson-Todd House">Gibson-Todd House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry_Armory" title="Harpers Ferry Armory">Harpers Ferry Armory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry,_West_Virginia" title="Harpers Ferry, West Virginia">Harpers Ferry, West Virginia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry_Historic_District" title="Harpers Ferry Historic District">Historic District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Fort" title="John Brown's Fort">John Brown's Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Farm">Kennedy Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hook,_Maryland" title="Sandy Hook, Maryland">Sandy Hook, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester, Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afterwards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymn_of_the_Republic" title="Battle Hymn of the Republic">Battle Hymn of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Winchester_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning of Winchester Medical College">Burning of Winchester Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry_National_Historical_Park" title="Harpers Ferry National Historical Park">Harpers Ferry National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heyward Shepherd monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(biography)" title="John Brown (biography)"><i>John Brown</i> (biography)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_Farm_State_Historic_Site" title="John Brown Farm State Historic Site">John Brown Farm State Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_Farm,_Tannery_%26_Museum" title="John Brown Farm, Tannery & Museum">John Brown Farm, Tannery & Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Summit_County_Historical_Society_of_Akron,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="The Summit County Historical Society of Akron, Ohio">John Brown House (Akron, Ohio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_Museum_(Osawatomie,_Kansas)" title="John Brown Museum (Osawatomie, Kansas)">John Brown Museum (Osawatomie, Kansas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_body" title="John Brown's body">John Brown's body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Body_(poem)" title="John Brown's Body (poem)"><i>John Brown's Body</i> (poem)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Body" title="John Brown's Body"><i>John Brown's Body</i> (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_last_speech" title="John Brown's last speech">John Brown's last speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Provisional_Constitution" title="John Brown's Provisional Constitution">John Brown's Provisional Constitution</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Days_of_John_Brown" title="The Last Days of John Brown">The Last Days of John Brown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Moments_of_John_Brown" title="The Last Moments of John Brown">The Last Moments of John Brown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Plea_for_Captain_John_Brown" title="A Plea for Captain John Brown">A Plea for Captain John Brown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Remarks_After_the_Hanging_of_John_Brown" title="Remarks After the Hanging of John Brown">Remarks After the Hanging of John Brown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Prelude" title="Tragic Prelude">Tragic Prelude</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virginia_v._John_Brown" title="Virginia v. John Brown">Virginia v. John Brown</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Amistad" title="La Amistad">La Amistad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Black_Jack" title="Battle of Black Jack">Battle of Black Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Spurs_(Kansas)" title="Battle of the Spurs (Kansas)">Battle of the Spurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Bell" title="James Madison Bell">James Madison Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cloudsplitter" title="Cloudsplitter">Cloudsplitter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Curry" class="mw-redirect" title="John Stuart Curry">John Stuart Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_DeBaptiste" title="George DeBaptiste">George DeBaptiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson#Civil_War_years" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fire_on_the_Mountain_(Bisson_novel)" title="Fire on the Mountain (Bisson novel)">Fire on the Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wm._Lloyd_Garrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Wm. Lloyd Garrison">Wm. Lloyd Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Lord_Bird" title="The Good Lord Bird"><i>The Good Lord Bird</i> (book, </a><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Lord_Bird_(miniseries)" title="The Good Lord Bird (miniseries)">miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_P._Lovejoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Elijah P. Lovejoy">Elijah P. Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marching_Song_(play)" title="Marching Song (play)"><i>Marching Song</i> (play)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Montgomery_(colonel)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Montgomery (colonel)">James Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Osawatomie" title="Battle of Osawatomie">Battle of Osawatomie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quindaro_Townsite" title="Quindaro Townsite">Quindaro Townsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Pinkerton" title="Allan Pinkerton">Allan Pinkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottawatomie_massacre" title="Pottawatomie massacre">Pottawatomie massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail_(film)" title="Santa Fe Trail (film)"><i>Santa Fe Trail</i> (film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Angry_Men" title="Seven Angry Men">Seven Angry Men</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storer_College" title="Storer College">Storer College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau#Later_years,_1851–1862" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Nat Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Vesey" title="Denmark Vesey">Denmark Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakarusa_War" title="Wakarusa War">Wakarusa War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_and_Potomac_Railroad" title="Winchester and Potomac Railroad">Winchester and Potomac Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&oldid=1272494952">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&oldid=1272494952</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American-related_controversies" title="Category:African-American-related controversies">African-American-related controversies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Confederate_States_of_America_monuments_and_memorials_in_West_Virginia" title="Category:Confederate States of America monuments and memorials in West Virginia">Confederate States of America monuments and memorials in West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monuments_and_memorials_to_American_slaves" title="Category:Monuments and memorials to American slaves">Monuments and memorials to American slaves</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jefferson_County,_West_Virginia,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Category:Jefferson County, West Virginia, in the American Civil War">Jefferson County, West Virginia, in the American Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="Category:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Free_Negroes" title="Category:Free Negroes">Free Negroes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historical_controversies" title="Category:Historical controversies">Historical controversies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Category:Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause of the Confederacy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_slavery_in_West_Virginia" title="Category:History of slavery in West Virginia">History of slavery in West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Harpers_Ferry,_West_Virginia" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia">Buildings and structures in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Jefferson_County,_West_Virginia" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Jefferson County, West Virginia">Tourist attractions in Jefferson County, West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_establishments_in_West_Virginia" title="Category:1931 establishments in West Virginia">1931 establishments in West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy_monuments_and_memorials" title="Category:United Daughters of the Confederacy monuments and memorials">United Daughters of the Confederacy monuments and memorials</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_completed_in_1931" title="Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1931">Buildings and structures completed in 1931</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monuments_and_memorials_to_John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="Category:Monuments and memorials to John Brown (abolitionist)">Monuments and memorials to John Brown (abolitionist)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_June_2021" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from June 2021">Articles that may contain original research from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 January 2025, at 22:34<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heyward_Shepherd_monument&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Heyward Shepherd monument</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>Add languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-6b898","wgBackendResponseTime":116,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.688","walltime":"0.911","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5028,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":101510,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5096,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":131344,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 813.771 1 -total"," 29.27% 238.152 2 Template:Reflist"," 14.93% 121.479 1 Template:Short_description"," 14.90% 121.246 8 Template:Cite_web"," 12.97% 105.572 1 Template:John_Brown's_Raid_on_Harpers_Ferry"," 12.24% 99.588 1 Template:Navbox"," 10.42% 84.777 10 Template:Rp"," 9.41% 76.596 10 Template:R/superscript"," 8.42% 68.496 14 Template:Cite_news"," 5.48% 44.628 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.396","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9149894,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-749c498c8d-x9s5w","timestamp":"20250219151302","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Heyward Shepherd monument","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heyward_Shepherd_monument","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q108824580","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q108824580","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2017-10-31T19:43:11Z","dateModified":"2025-01-28T22:34:43Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f3\/Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry%2C_WV.jpg","headline":"monument in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, USA"}</script> </body> </html>