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</li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bakgrunn</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bakgrunn-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Bakgrunn</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Intern_støtte_og_legitimitet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intern_støtte_og_legitimitet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Intern støtte og legitimitet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intern_støtte_og_legitimitet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overraskelsesmomentet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overraskelsesmomentet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Overraskelsesmomentet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overraskelsesmomentet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Overraskelsesmomentet</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overraskelsesmomentet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hamas'_planlegging_og_ordrer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamas'_planlegging_og_ordrer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hamas' planlegging og ordrer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamas'_planlegging_og_ordrer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hamas'_angrep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamas'_angrep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hamas' angrep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamas'_angrep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flyktninger_og_fordrevne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flyktninger_og_fordrevne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Flyktninger og fordrevne</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flyktninger_og_fordrevne-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Flyktninger og fordrevne</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flyktninger_og_fordrevne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-I_Israel_og_Libanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_Israel_og_Libanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>I Israel og Libanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_Israel_og_Libanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ofre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ofre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ofre</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ofre-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Ofre</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ofre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Drepte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drepte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Drepte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drepte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seksualisert_vold" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seksualisert_vold"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Seksualisert vold</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seksualisert_vold-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaksjoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaksjoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reaksjoner</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reaksjoner-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Reaksjoner</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reaksjoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politikere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politikere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Politikere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politikere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frivillige_organisasjoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frivillige_organisasjoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Frivillige organisasjoner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frivillige_organisasjoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demonstrasjoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demonstrasjoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Demonstrasjoner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demonstrasjoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kommentatorer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kommentatorer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Kommentatorer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kommentatorer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>FN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Økende_hatkriminalitet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Økende_hatkriminalitet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Økende hatkriminalitet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Økende_hatkriminalitet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Økonomiske_konsekvenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Økonomiske_konsekvenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Økonomiske konsekvenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Økonomiske_konsekvenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamas’ angrep på Israel oktober 2023</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 36 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_attack_mot_Israel_i_oktober_2023" title="Hamas attack mot Israel i oktober 2023 – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hamas attack mot Israel i oktober 2023" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89" title="عملية طوفان الأقصى – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملية طوفان الأقصى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A9_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="২০২৩ হামাসের নেতৃত্বে ইসরায়েলের উপর হামলা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="২০২৩ হামাসের নেতৃত্বে ইসরায়েলের উপর হামলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%AB%D3%98%D0%BB-%D0%90%D2%A1%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="«Әл-Аҡса туфаны» операцияһы – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="«Әл-Аҡса туфаны» операцияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atacs_del_7_d%27octubre_a_Israel" title="Atacs del 7 d'octubre a Israel – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Atacs del 7 d'octubre a Israel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atok_Ham%C3%A1su_na_Izrael_(%C5%99%C3%ADjen_2023)" title="Útok Hamásu na Izrael (říjen 2023) – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Útok Hamásu na Izrael (říjen 2023)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrch_Llif_al-Aqsa" title="Cyrch Llif al-Aqsa – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyrch Llif al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorangriff_der_Hamas_auf_Israel_2023" title="Terrorangriff der Hamas auf Israel 2023 – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Terrorangriff der Hamas auf Israel 2023" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatsioon_Al-Aq%C5%9F%C3%A1_%C3%BCleujutus" title="Operatsioon Al-Aqşá üleujutus – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Operatsioon Al-Aqşá üleujutus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Inundaci%C3%B3n_de_Al-Aqsa" title="Operación Inundación de Al-Aqsa – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Operación Inundación de Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atako_de_Hamaso_kontra%C5%AD_Israelo" title="Atako de Hamaso kontraŭ Israelo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Atako de Hamaso kontraŭ Israelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelen_kontrako_Hamasen_erasoa_(2023)" title="Israelen kontrako Hamasen erasoa (2023) – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Israelen kontrako Hamasen erasoa (2023)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B3_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="حمله ۲۰۲۳ حماس به اسرائیل – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حمله ۲۰۲۳ حماس به اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attaque_du_Hamas_contre_Isra%C3%ABl_d%27octobre_2023" title="Attaque du Hamas contre Israël d'octobre 2023 – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Attaque du Hamas contre Israël d'octobre 2023" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%EC%9B%94_7%EC%9D%BC_%ED%95%98%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B2%A9" title="10월 7일 하마스의 이스라엘 공격 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="10월 7일 하마스의 이스라엘 공격" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_Hamas_terhadap_Israel_2023" title="Serangan Hamas terhadap Israel 2023 – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serangan Hamas terhadap Israel 2023" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacco_di_Hamas_a_Israele_del_2023" title="Attacco di Hamas a Israele del 2023 – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Attacco di Hamas a Israele del 2023" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%91%D7%97_%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8" title="טבח שבעה באוקטובר – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טבח שבעה באוקטובר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ar%C3%AE%C5%9Fa_teror%C3%AEst%C3%AE_ya_Hemas%C3%AA_li_dij%C3%AE_%C3%8Esra%C3%AAl%C3%AA_2023" title="Êrîşa terorîstî ya Hemasê li dijî Îsraêlê 2023 – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Êrîşa terorîstî ya Hemasê li dijî Îsraêlê 2023" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%81%E2%80%8B%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%A1%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5_%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E2%80%8B%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%A5_%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E2%80%8B%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D_Hamas_%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B5_2023" title="ການບຸກໂຈມຕີ ອິສຣາແອລ ທີ່ນຳພາໂດຍ Hamas ປີ 2023 – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ການບຸກໂຈມຕີ ອິສຣາແອລ ທີ່ນຳພາໂດຍ Hamas ປີ 2023" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_pimpinan_Hamas_terhadap_Israel_2023" title="Serangan pimpinan Hamas terhadap Israel 2023 – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Serangan pimpinan Hamas terhadap Israel 2023" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas-aanval_in_Isra%C3%ABl_2023" title="Hamas-aanval in Israël 2023 – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hamas-aanval in Israël 2023" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C%D9%B0" title="آپریشن طوفان الاقصیٰ – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آپریشن طوفان الاقصیٰ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="د توفان الاقصی عمليات – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د توفان الاقصی عمليات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataque_do_Hamas_a_Israel_em_2023" title="Ataque do Hamas a Israel em 2023 – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ataque do Hamas a Israel em 2023" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A1_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_(2023)" title="Вторжение ХАМАС в Израиль (2023) – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вторжение ХАМАС в Израиль (2023)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_October_2023_attack_on_Israel" title="7 October 2023 attack on Israel – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="7 October 2023 attack on Israel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atok_Hamasu_na_Izrael" title="Útok Hamasu na Izrael – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Útok Hamasu na Izrael" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A2%D9%A3%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DB%86_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ھێرشی ٢٠٢٣ی حەماس بۆ سەر ئیسرائیل – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێرشی ٢٠٢٣ی حەماس بۆ سەر ئیسرائیل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="2023 இஸ்ரேல் மீதான ஹமாசின் தாக்குதல்கள் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="2023 இஸ்ரேல் மீதான ஹமாசின் தாக்குதல்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C%D9%B0" title="آپریشن طوفان الاقصیٰ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آپریشن طوفان الاقصیٰ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="阿克萨洪水行动 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿克萨洪水行动" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A2_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A3_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C_2023" title="כאמאס טעראר אטאקע אויף ישראל 2023 – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כאמאס טעראר אטאקע אויף ישראל 2023" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li 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Vær ekstra oppmerksom på at innholdet kan være utdatert eller feilaktig, og at hyppige redigeringer kan forekomme.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox infoboks bred" style="width:290px"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="2">Hamas’ angrep på Israel oktober 2023</th></tr><tr class="bilde"><td class="sentrert" colspan="2"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:October_2023_Gaza%E2%88%92Israel_conflict.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/October_2023_Gaza%E2%88%92Israel_conflict.svg/250px-October_2023_Gaza%E2%88%92Israel_conflict.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/October_2023_Gaza%E2%88%92Israel_conflict.svg/375px-October_2023_Gaza%E2%88%92Israel_conflict.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/October_2023_Gaza%E2%88%92Israel_conflict.svg/500px-October_2023_Gaza%E2%88%92Israel_conflict.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3763" data-file-height="3258" /></a></span><br />Rødstiplet linje viser omtrent <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>-styrkenes inntrengningsdybde 7. oktober</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;background:transparent"><tbody><tr class="rad"><td class="th" style="width:25%">Dato</td><td>Oktober 2023</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td class="th" style="width:25%">Sted</td><td>Sør-Israel<br /><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nb&params=31_21_36_N_34_30_36_E_globe:earth">31°21'36"N 34°30'36"Ø</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td class="center" colspan="2">Stridende parter</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td width="50%" style="width:50%">* <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamsk_jihad" title="Islamsk jihad">Palestinsk islamsk jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkefronten_for_Palestinas_frigj%C3%B8ring" title="Folkefronten for Palestinas frigjøring">Folkefronten for Palestinas frigjøring</a> (PFLP)</li></ul></td><td class="dotleft" width="50%" style="width:50%">* <span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israels flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></span></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td class="center" colspan="2">Enheter involvert</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td width="50%" style="width:50%">* <a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam-brigadene">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam-brigadene</a> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Quds-brigadene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Quds-brigadene (ikke skrevet ennå)">Al-Quds-brigadene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ali_Mustafa-brigadene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Ali Mustafa-brigadene (ikke skrevet ennå)">Abu Ali Mustafa-brigadene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Resistance_Brigades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Resistance Brigades (ikke skrevet ennå)">National Resistance Brigades</a></li></td><td class="dotleft" width="50%" style="width:50%">* <a href="/wiki/Israels_forsvar" title="Israels forsvar">Israels forsvar</a> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_politi" title="Israels politi">Israels politi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a></li></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm/250px--Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="141" data-durationhint="51" data-mwtitle="Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim,_Israel_(October_2023).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fil:Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim,_Israel_(October_2023).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm/Hamas_members_attacking_civilians_in_Kibbutz_Mefalsim%2C_Israel_%28October_2023%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Angrep på sivile i Kibbutz Mefalsim</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hamas’ angrep på Israel oktober 2023</b> fant sted på morgenen 7. oktober 2023 da den palestinske gruppen <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas’</a> militære fløy <a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam-brigadene">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam-brigadene</a> startet en serie angrep mot mål i <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aksjonen innledet <a href="/wiki/Krigen_i_Gaza_2023%E2%80%932024" title="Krigen i Gaza 2023–2024">krigen i Gaza 2023–2024</a>. Den militante gruppen <a href="/wiki/Islamsk_Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamsk Jihad">Islamsk Jihad</a> skal også ha deltatt i krigshandlingene.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angrepet skjedde svært overraskende på Israel. Antall drepte er oppgitt til 1 200, mens over 200 personer ble tatt som gisler.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Angrepet har av Hamas blitt kalt for <i>Operasjon al-Aqsa-storm</i> og ble innledet dagen etter 50-årsdagen for <a href="/wiki/Jom_Kippur-krigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jom Kippur-krigen">Jom Kippur-krigen</a>. Fra mange land har det blitt omtalt som et terrorangrep,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og det er fra israelsk hold blitt hevdet at de militante gikk målrettet etter sivile og utsatte mange av dem for voldtekt og tortur før de ble drept.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angrepet beskrives som taktisk vellykket fordi Israel ble overrasket og Hamas lykkes med å anrette mye skade.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette er det største antallet jøder drept på en dag siden <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I følge Hamas-talsmann <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazi_Hamad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghazi Hamad (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ghazi Hamad</a> ble angrepet gjennomført fordi Hamas mener Israel utgjør både en sikkerhetsmessig, militær og politisk katastrofe for arabere og de muslimske landene.<sup id="cite_ref-memri_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memri-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hamas' angrep har <a href="/wiki/Hizbollah" title="Hizbollah">Hizbollah</a> trappet opp missilangrep mot Israel fra Sør-Libanon.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israels militære innledet etter få dager et motangrep på Gazastripen med mål om å fjerne Hamas. Sivilbefolkningen ble oppfordret til å evakuere sørover og størsteparten samlet seg i og nær <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Rafah-overgangen" title="Rafah-overgangen">grensen</a> til Egypt; folketallet i Rafah økte med over 1 million tidlig i 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egyptiske myndigheter slipper i hovedsak bare utenlandske statsborger over grensen, ingen palestinere. Flere europeisk stater oppfordret Egypt til å åpne grensen. Egypt ønsker ikke å åpne grensen dels av økonomiske grunner og dels av politiske grunner.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar" title="Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a> hadde vært politisk leder for Hamas på Gaza siden 2017. Sinwar antas å være hjernen bak angrepet 7. oktober og har siden stått øverst på Israels liste over ettersøkte personer. Etter drapet på <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a> overtok han som øverste politiske leder for Hamas. Sinwar regnes som en kynisk "hardliner".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunn">Bakgrunn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bakgrunn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det er flere hypoteser om Hamas' motiver for angrepet, men det er lite konkret basert på informasjon fra Hamas selv. Basert på intervjuer med Hamas-ledere antyder <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a></i> at Hamas ønsker å gjenetablere seg som palestinernes viktigste militære styrke. Andre teorier legger til grunn at Hamas ønsker å sabotere normaliseringen mellom Israel og Saudi-Arabia ved å provosere Israel til et svært brutalt motangrep. Planleggingen av angrepet begynte trolig en tid før Israel og Saudi Arabia begynte tilnærmingen.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arresterte Hamas-aktivister har fortalt at de ble lovt en pengesum for hvert gissel de hadde med tilbake til Gaza.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Midtøsten-ekspert <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dag_Henrik_Tuastad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dag Henrik Tuastad (ikke skrevet ennå)">Dag Henrik Tuastad</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Oslo" title="Universitetet i Oslo">Universitetet i Oslo</a> mente at Hamas ønsket en opptrapping av volden for å lokke Israel til en bakkeinvasjon av Gaza hvor Israel i tillegg til risikoen for tap av militært personell og utstyr ville pådra seg et omdømmeproblem ved de uunngåelige tapene av sivile palestinske liv. I tillegg trodde han Hamas hadde et ønske om å spre volden til <a href="/wiki/Vestbredden" title="Vestbredden">Vestbredden</a> for å stjele innflytelse fra de palestinske selvstyremyndighetene der.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I juni 2024 publiserte den amerikanske avisen <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> en artikkel hvor det ble sitert lekkede meldinger mellom Hamas-leder <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar" title="Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a> og forhandlingspartnere hvor han motsatte seg våpenhvile med Israel, men heller mente at en fortsettelse av sivile palestinske tap var nødvendige ofre for å få verdenssamfunnet til å vende seg mot Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kjetil Selvik ved <a href="/wiki/NUPI" class="mw-redirect" title="NUPI">NUPI</a> mener at angrepet var et forsøk fra Hamas for å gjøre seg mer gjeldende. Hamas har fremstått som handlingslammet i en situasjon der det meste dreide seg om diplomatiske prosesser mellom Israel, USA og noen viktige arabiske stater; Hamas har i følge Selvik fremstått som en tilskuer. <a href="/wiki/Sverre_Diesen" title="Sverre Diesen">Sverre Diesen</a>, tidligere forsvarssjef, mener Hamas har gjort en katastrofal feilvurdering ved at angrepet på Israel styrker de ytterliggående i israelsk politikk. Ifølge Diesen og Selvik har både Russland og Iran interesse av opptrapping av konflikten fordi det kan undergrave tilnærming mellom Israel og <a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia">Saudi-Arabia</a>. Med israelsk motangrep mot Gaza vil det være vanskelig for arabiske ledere å fremstå som vennligsinnede overfor Israel. Det har også blitt spekulert i om Russlands regjering kan ha interesse av at det blir mindre internasjonal oppmerksomhet om <a href="/wiki/Krigen_i_Ukraina" title="Krigen i Ukraina">krigen i Ukraina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ami Ayalon, tidligere kommandant for <a href="/wiki/Israels_marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Israels marine">Israels marine</a> og sjef for <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a>, mener Hamas med angrepet ønsket å sabotere tilnærmingen mellom Israel og Saudi Arabia, og vise at aktørene må ta hensyn til palestinerne. Ayalon mener at Hamas lykkes med å nå dette målet med angrepet.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intern_støtte_og_legitimitet"><span id="Intern_st.C3.B8tte_og_legitimitet"></span>Intern støtte og legitimitet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Intern støtte og legitimitet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Intern støtte og legitimitet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I en undersøkelse gjennomført av Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research (PCPSR) kom det frem en overveldende støtte til angrepene i den palestinske befolkningen. 72 % av de intervjuede mente at det var riktig av Hamas å gå til angrep på Israel. 80 % mente at det ville være en krigsforbrytelse å drepe kvinner og barn i sine hjem, mens bare 10 % trodde at Hamas hadde begått krigsforbrytelser 7. oktober. Generelt er det større støtte til Hamas på Vestbredden enn på Gazastripen.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I Israel har det vært tverrpolitisk enighet om å reagere militært på Hamas' angrep,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> samtidig har det politiske presset mot <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> tiltatt.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det har vært store demonstrasjoner i Israel med oppfordringer til regjeringen om å øke den diplomatiske innsatsen for å få løslatt flere gisler.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overraskelsesmomentet">Overraskelsesmomentet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Overraskelsesmomentet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Overraskelsesmomentet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Som under Jom Kippur-krigen kom angrepet svært overraskende på Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Til tross for at Israel regnes for å ha blant de aller beste systemer for etterretning fremsto både det israelske forsvaret totalt uforberedt.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heller ikke amerikansk etterretning hadde fanget opp signaler om et forestående angrep.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 9. oktober ble det fra egyptisk etterretning hevdet at Israel gjentatte ganger hadde ignorert meldinger om at Hamas hadde «noe stort» på gang.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israelske grensevakter skal også ha rapportert om aktiviteter nær grensegjerdene som kunne se ut som forberedelser til et angrep, men hevdet at de ikke ble tatt på alvor.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den amerikanske avisa <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> hevdet dagen etter angrepet at Iran var involvert i planleggingen av angrepet, og at det endelige klarsignalet til operasjonen skal ha blitt gitt på et møte i <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> den 2. oktober 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ifølge <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a></i> var det israelsk forsvaret ikke forberedt på et massivt angrep fra Hamas og hadde blant annet ingen plan for å svare på et slikt angrep. De israelske styrkene var uorganisert og dårlig posisjonert, militærbasen Reim var underbemannet på grunn av ferie. En time etter at angrepet begynte forsto ikke Israels militære overkommando at et stort angrep var i gang. Ifølge avisen brukte styrkene i feltene sosiale media for å få oversikt over situasjonen og brukte nyhetsmeldinger for å lokalisere angriperne. En del soldater improviserte og tok egne initiativ av mangel på ordrer. Hamas satte opp sperringer og bakhold langs hovedveien der forsterkninger var på vei.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israels militære doktrine tilsier at styrkene alltid skal være på offensiven ved å forutse angrep og gjennomføre strid på fiendens territorium.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamas'_planlegging_og_ordrer"><span id="Hamas.27_planlegging_og_ordrer"></span>Hamas' planlegging og ordrer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Hamas' planlegging og ordrer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Hamas' planlegging og ordrer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angrepet ble ifølge <i>The Guardian</i> planlagt av en lite gruppe herdete Hamas-veteraner. Trolig var <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar" title="Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a> (Hamas-sjef på Gaza-stripen) og Mohammed Deif (leder for <a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam-brigadene">al-Qassam-brigaden</a> og elitestyrken Nukhba) de sentrale personen. Trolig var ikke Iran eller Hamas-ledelse utenlands informert. Svært få Hamas-mannskaper visste hva som skulle skje 7. oktober. Ordrene ble gitt muntlig fra person til person for at operasjonen ikke skulle bli avslørt av israelske myndigheter. De første ordrene ble gitt klokken 4 om morgenen med instruks om å ta med våpen og ammunisjon til et bestemt oppmøtested; på mobiliseringsstedet ble tyngre våpen og mer ammunisjon fordelt. Klokken 6 ble de konkrete instruksene om gjennomføring av angrepet gitt. Noen enheter hadde i oppdrag å holde stillingen mot israelske styrker, andre hadde i oppdrag å ta gisler. Det er lite som tyder på at Hamas forsøkte erobre territorium.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hamas'_angrep"><span id="Hamas.27_angrep"></span>Hamas' angrep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Hamas' angrep" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Hamas' angrep"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:A_rocket_hit_a_vehicle_in_Rishon_Lezion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/A_rocket_hit_a_vehicle_in_Rishon_Lezion.jpg/250px-A_rocket_hit_a_vehicle_in_Rishon_Lezion.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/A_rocket_hit_a_vehicle_in_Rishon_Lezion.jpg/375px-A_rocket_hit_a_vehicle_in_Rishon_Lezion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/A_rocket_hit_a_vehicle_in_Rishon_Lezion.jpg/500px-A_rocket_hit_a_vehicle_in_Rishon_Lezion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Kjøretøy skadet av rakettangrep i <a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ifølge Hamas skal rundt 5 000 raketter ha blitt skutt mot mål i Israel i løpet av morgentimene 7. oktober. Flere dødsfall ble rapportert utover formiddagen, og flere hundre skadede. Militante palestinere skal også ha infiltrert Israel og angrepet sivile i <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutzer</a> og tettsteder. Ubekreftede meldinger har kommet om at militante skal ha tatt kontroll over politistasjonen i byen <a href="/wiki/Sderot" title="Sderot">Sderot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Militante skal blant annet ha brukt <a href="/wiki/Paraglider" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraglider">paraglidere</a> for å ta seg over grensen til Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israelske myndigheter uttalte i morgentimene at «Hamas har begått en stor tabbe», og at landet befant seg i en krigssituasjon.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ifølge Hamas skal et større antall israelere ha blitt tatt som gisler og ført til Gaza, dette skal ha vært både sivile og militære. 8. oktober anslo israelske myndigheter at mer enn hundre mennesker kunne være tatt som gisler og ført til Gazastripen.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blant gislene skal det angivelig være gjestearbeidere fra Thailand og Filippinene.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Også småbarn og pensjonister skal være blant de kidnappede.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Utover dagen begynte det å komme bilder fra tettsteder sør i Israel der militante Hamas-soldater hadde skutt og drept sivile langs gatene.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blant åstedene var festivalområdet <a href="/wiki/Angrepet_p%C3%A5_musikkfestivalen_i_Re%E2%80%99im" title="Angrepet på musikkfestivalen i Re’im">Re’im</a> i nærheten av grensen mot Gaza. Ifølge israelske styresmakter skal det ha blitt funnet 260 drepte på dette stedet hvor det ble arrangert en rave-festival, i hovedsak med ungdom som deltakere.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>På kvelden 7. oktober ble det meldt om to pågående gisselsituasjoner i Israel, en av disse var rundt femti personer som ble holdt fanget på kibbutzen Be'eri.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Utpå natten kom nyheten om at disse gislene var blitt befridd av israelske soldater.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hamas utstyrte angriperne med <a href="/wiki/GoPro" title="GoPro">GoPro</a>-kamera for å dokumentere angrepet. Redigerte opptak fra disse ble publisert av Hamas som ledd i propaganda.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flyktninger_og_fordrevne">Flyktninger og fordrevne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Flyktninger og fordrevne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Flyktninger og fordrevne"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_Israel_og_Libanon">I Israel og Libanon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: I Israel og Libanon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen I Israel og Libanon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angrepene 7. oktober medførte at et stort antall israelere ble evakuert fra områdene som ligger når Gaza, ifølge IDF gjaldt dette en halv million mennesker.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Som en følge av de stadige angrepene fra Hizbollah er 80 000 mennesker evakuert fra det nordlige Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På libanesisk side er det rapportert at 76 000 mennesker er evakuert som følge av krigshandlingene.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ofre">Ofre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ofre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ofre"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drepte">Drepte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Drepte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Drepte"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På ettermiddagen 7. oktober ble det meldt at antall døde israelere var passert 100 og antall skadde 900 personer.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På kvelden ble dette justert til minst 200 omkomne og 1100 sårede.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dagen etter ble det meldt at antall drepte på israelsk side var kommet opp i 700 og 2000 sårede, hvorav 200 kritisk.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 31 av de drepte var statsborgere i USA.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antallet drepte ble 14. oktober anslått til 1300, hvorav over 200 soldater. Over 3000 ble såret og 150 tatt som gisler. Dette er det største antallet drept i Israel siden <a href="/wiki/Jom_kippur-krigen" title="Jom kippur-krigen">Jom kippur-krigen</a> som varte i 2 uker.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antall drepte ble 19. oktober anslått til 1200.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 50 israelsk politimenn ble drept og et mindre antall tjenestmenn i <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France24 meldte i desember at Hamas drepte 695 sivile israelere og 71 statsborgere av andre land.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seksualisert_vold">Seksualisert vold</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Seksualisert vold" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Seksualisert vold"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det kom tidlig rapporter på at flere israelske kvinner var blitt voldtatt eller utsatt for annen seksuell mishandling. Israelsk etterretning hevdet at det var grunn til å tro at Hamas hadde oppfordret til seksualisert vold som dermed var å regne som systematisk.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel la i desember press på FN for å få overgrepene gransket, blant annet ved å nekte visum til FNs humanitære koordinator for de palestinske territoriene.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presset kom etter at FNs ekspertgruppe 27. november etterlyste uavhengig granskning av alle forbrytelser utført i Israel og de okkuperte områdene.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 8. januar 2024 gikk FNs ekspertgruppe ut og påtalte menneskerettighetsbruddene knytta til blant annet seksualisert vold, og viste til at antallet ofre og planleggingen tilsa at de burde undersøkes som forbrytelse mot menneskeheten.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I mars 2024 ble hendelsene stadfestet av FN etter at en gruppe FN-eksperter hadde gått gjennom bevismaterialet.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaksjoner">Reaksjoner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Reaksjoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Reaksjoner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:2023-10-14_Solidarity_demonstration_for_Gaza_in_Oslo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/2023-10-14_Solidarity_demonstration_for_Gaza_in_Oslo.jpg/250px-2023-10-14_Solidarity_demonstration_for_Gaza_in_Oslo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/2023-10-14_Solidarity_demonstration_for_Gaza_in_Oslo.jpg/375px-2023-10-14_Solidarity_demonstration_for_Gaza_in_Oslo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/2023-10-14_Solidarity_demonstration_for_Gaza_in_Oslo.jpg/500px-2023-10-14_Solidarity_demonstration_for_Gaza_in_Oslo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2648" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption>Solidaritetsdemonstrasjon for Gazas befolkning ved Utenriksdepartementet i Oslo den 14. oktober 2023. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: André Savik </div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Israel_solidarity_protest_Berlin_2023-10-08_59.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Israel_solidarity_protest_Berlin_2023-10-08_59.jpg/250px-Israel_solidarity_protest_Berlin_2023-10-08_59.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Israel_solidarity_protest_Berlin_2023-10-08_59.jpg/375px-Israel_solidarity_protest_Berlin_2023-10-08_59.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Israel_solidarity_protest_Berlin_2023-10-08_59.jpg/500px-Israel_solidarity_protest_Berlin_2023-10-08_59.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8384" data-file-height="5612" /></a><figcaption>Demonstrasjon til støtte for Israel i Berlin 8. oktober</figcaption></figure> <p>Angrepene mot sivile utløste sterke reaksjoner og fordømmelser fra mange land.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EUs diplomatiske leder <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" class="mw-redirect" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a> har anmodet Hamas om umiddelbar frigivelse av israelske gisler.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politikere">Politikere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Politikere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Politikere"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Norges utenriksminister <a href="/wiki/Anniken_Huitfeldt" title="Anniken Huitfeldt">Anniken Huitfeldt</a> formidlet samme formiddag Norges fordømmelse av angrepet på israelske sivile.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Søndag 8. oktober karakteriserte statsminister <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Jonas Gahr Støre</a> hendelsene for et terrorangrep.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>USAs president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> uttalte at Hamas' er en terrororganisasjon med overgrep like ille som <a href="/wiki/Den_islamske_staten_Irak_og_Levanten" title="Den islamske staten Irak og Levanten">IS</a> og at dette var det dødligste angrepet på jøder siden <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">holocaust</a>. Biden avviste at angrepet kan rasjonaliseres og unnskyldes på noen måte.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biden sa at krigen må resultere i nedkjemping av Hamas og etablering av to stater.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I forbindelse med krigshandlingene uttalte leder for <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_liga" title="Den arabiske liga">Den arabiske liga</a> at «Israels stadige lansering av voldelig og ekstremistisk politikk er en tidsinnstilt bombe som frarøver regionen for enhver reell mulighet til stabilitet i overskuelig fremtid».<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fra <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia">Saudi-Arabia</a> har det kommet uttalelser om at Israel har hatt seg selv å takke for angrepene.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Den_palestinske_selvstyremyndigheten" title="Den palestinske selvstyremyndigheten">Den palestinske selstyremyndigheten</a> fordømte angrepet.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President for <a href="/wiki/Den_palestinske_selvstyremyndigheten" title="Den palestinske selvstyremyndigheten">de palestinske selvstyremyndighetene</a> på <a href="/wiki/Vestbredden" title="Vestbredden">Vestbredden</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> har uttrykt støtte til palestinernes rett til å forsvare seg selv.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regimet i <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> har uttalt at de stiller seg bak Hamas angrep som de mener er rettet mot områder som Israel okkuperer.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den libanesiske gruppen <a href="/wiki/Hizbollah" title="Hizbollah">Hizbollah</a> lovpriste angrepet og kalte det et signal til arabiske stater som forsøker å normalisere forholdet til Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frivillige_organisasjoner">Frivillige organisasjoner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Frivillige organisasjoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Frivillige organisasjoner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den norske <a href="/wiki/Palestinakomiteen" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinakomiteen">Palestinakomiteen</a> har karakterisert angrepet som en aksjon fremprovosert av demonstrasjoner fra befolkningen på Gazastripen, og at desperasjonen hos palestinerne er Israels ansvar.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peder_Martin_Lysest%C3%B8l" title="Peder Martin Lysestøl">Peder Martin Lysestøl</a> som var med på å stifte organisasjonen og ledet den i perioden 1971 til 1973 skrev at «vi er imponert over dyktigheten og motet til Hamas-soldater og andre som nå lykkes med å gi den sionistiske okkupanten et nederlag».<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Et av organisasjonens landsstyremedlemmer uttalte at hun «støtter palestinernes frigjøringskamp, uansett hvilken form den tar».<sup id="cite_ref-kvalmende_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kvalmende-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dagen etter angrepet arrangerte de en demonstrasjon på <a href="/wiki/Jernbanetorget" class="mw-redirect" title="Jernbanetorget">Jernbanetorget</a> i <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> der det ble ropt slagord som «boikott Israel» og «fritt Palestina».<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den iranskfødte stortingspolitikeren <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Farahmand" title="Mahmoud Farahmand">Mahmoud Farahmand</a> uttalte at det var usmakelig av Palestinakomiteen å omtale angrepet på sivile israelere som en frihetskamp, og mente at disse karakteristikkene spilte på lag med <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Irans</a> ambisjoner om å utslette staten Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinakomiteens leder har i etterkant beklaget ordbruken, men nektet å bruke begrepet terror.<sup id="cite_ref-kvalmende_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kvalmende-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg/250px-%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg/375px-%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg/500px-%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Demonstrasjon i Teheran til støtte for Hamas</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demonstrasjoner">Demonstrasjoner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Demonstrasjoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Demonstrasjoner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas">Hellas</a> har palestinske migranter feiret angrepene mot Israel sammen med andre muslimske migranter.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> demonstrerte pro-palestinske aktivister med slagord om å oppløse staten Israel samt tallet 700 som refererte til det bekreftede antall drepte på israelsk side.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Tyskland demonstrerte også palestinere til støtte for Hamas, og organisasjonen <a href="/wiki/Samidoun" title="Samidoun">Samidoun</a> delte ut søtsaker på gaten for å feire «motstandskjempernes seier».<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Retorikken ble kraftig fordømt av <a href="/wiki/Petra_Pau" title="Petra Pau">Petra Pau</a>, visepresident i den tyske <a href="/wiki/Forbundsdagen" title="Forbundsdagen">Forbundsdagen</a>, som uttalte at «alle som feirer disse forbrytelsene på gatene i Berlin eller på nettet, gjør seg selv til medskyldige».<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samidoun ble måneden etter erklært forbudt i Tyskland.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kommentatorer">Kommentatorer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kommentatorer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kommentatorer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Støre ble kritisert av <a href="/wiki/Vebj%C3%B8rn_Selbekk" title="Vebjørn Selbekk">Vebjørn Selbekk</a> for å ikke følge EU, USA og mange andre land i å definere Hamas som en terrororganisasjon.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den mangeårige Midtøsten-korrespondenten <a href="/wiki/Odd_Karsten_Tveit" title="Odd Karsten Tveit">Odd Karsten Tveit</a> mente at statsminister Støre ved å bruke ordet terror la et ullteppe over hendelsene.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Dagens_N%C3%A6ringsliv" title="Dagens Næringsliv">Dagens Næringsliv</a></i> beskriver på lederplass angrepet som "et av de mest kyniske og vellykkede anslag i den moderne terrorismens historie". Ifølge <i>Dagens Næringsliv</i> må Hamas ha kalkulert med at Israel ville svare brutalt og at mange tusen palestinere ville dø under Israels motangrep og at hensikten med Hamas' angrep var å fremprovosere et slikt motangrep som ville svekke Israels internasjonale relasjoner og legitimitet.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Indyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Indyk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Martin Indyk</a> uttalte til <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a></i> at Hamas' angrep bør sees på bakgrunn av den politiske utviklingen i regionen: Saudi Arabia var i ferd med å normalisere relasjonen til Israel som på sin side var rede til å kompromisse med <a href="/wiki/Den_palestinske_selvstyremyndigheten" title="Den palestinske selvstyremyndigheten">den palestinske selvstyremyndigheten</a>. Selvstyremyndigheten er Hamas' fiende og Saudi Arabia er Irans regionale rival. Hamas og Iran hadde interesse av å forstyrre disse diplomatiske prosessene. Angrepet skjedde nøyaktig 50 år etter <a href="/wiki/Jom_kippur-krigen" title="Jom kippur-krigen">Jom Kippur krigen</a>, noe som ikke er tilfeldig ifølge Indyk, fordi Jom kippur-krigen ble sett som en suksess fra arabisk side.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er uklart hvor direkte involvert Iran var i angrepet 7. oktober 2023. Iran støtter og rådgir Hamas, men gir ikke nødvendigvis direkte ordrer til eller godkjenner forslag fra Hamas. Amerikansk etterretning tyder ikke på at Iran spilte en direkte rolle i angrepet, men Iran har trolig tjent strategisk på angrepet.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Magasinet <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magasin)" title="Time (magasin)">Time</a></i> skrev dagen etter angrepet at Hamas lykkes med å sabotere tilnærmingen mellom Israel og Saudi Arabia. Ved krise i de palestinske områdene er det politisk umulig for de saudiske lederne å skille seg ut fra de andre arabiske og islamske landene. Samtidig ser Saudi Arabias trolig positivt på at Iran vil tape anseelse internasjonalt ved sin støtte til Hamas. Iran ville ha blitt svekket regionalt dersom Saudi Arabia hadde normalisert forholdet til Israel. Iran står for 70 % av Hamas' finansering og trolig ga Iran form for stilltiende støtte til angrepet.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Lipstadt" title="Deborah Lipstadt">Deborah Lipstadt</a> uttalte at angrepet var det dødligste angrepet på jøder siden <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> M.T. Samuel skriver i <i>Middle East Policy</i> at angrepet var motivert av at palestinerne er disillusjonert med et internasjonalt system som ikke har gitt dem selvstyre. Samuel fremholder at det er for enkelt å hevde at angrepet var motivert av <a href="/wiki/Antisemittisme" title="Antisemittisme">antisemittisk</a> hat.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En gjennomgang gjort av <a href="/wiki/Dagens_N%C3%A6ringsliv" title="Dagens Næringsliv"><i>Dagens Næringsliv</i></a> i utgangen av 2023 viste at den norske mediedekningen av krigshandlingene i Israel og på Gazastripen hadde vært svært mye større sammenlignet med andre væpnede konflikter i regionen.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FN">FN</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: FN" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen FN"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samme dag som angrepet startet ba <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> FNs sikkerhetsråd om hastemøte for å diskutere situasjonen.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 16. oktober fremmet Russland et forslag i FNs sikkerhetsråd, men det inneholdt ingen fordømmelse av Hamas og ble nedstemt.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Et alternativt forslag fra Brasil ble hindret ved at USA nedla veto.<sup id="cite_ref-ap1_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap1-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinernes FN-ambassadør uttalte at det var motbydelig at FN ikke klarte å ta ansvar for å stanse krigshandlingene.<sup id="cite_ref-ap1_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap1-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den 27. oktober ble det vedtatt en resolusjon etter forslag fra <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>. Her ble det bedt om «En umiddelbar, varig og vedvarende humanitær våpenhvile som fører til opphør av fiendtlighetene». En del kritiserte teksten for at den manglet en tydelig fordømmelse av Hamas, noe som var årsaken til at de flere europeiske land, samt Canada og USA valgte å enten stemme mot eller ikke stemme. Norge, Frankrike og Spania var blant de vestlige landene som stemte for resolusjonen. Et mindretall på 14 land stemte imot, hvorav fire europeiske.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canada lanserte et tillegg til resolusjonsteksten der angrepene fra Hamas ble omtalt som terrorhandlinger, men dette fikk ikke flertall. Selv om resolusjonen ikke er bindende reagerte Israel sterkt, og hevdet FN hadde mistet sin legitimitet og relevans ved å fatte en slik resolusjon.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>FNs generalsekretær <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> har fordømt angrepet på sivile israelere. Guterres har hevdet at Israels mottrekk bryter med folkeretten ved at tilgang til humanitær hjelp nektes innbyggerne på Gazastripen.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel reagerte på at Guterres uttalte at terrorhandlingene ikke skjedde i et vakuum, og mente at dette var et forsøk på å rettferdiggjøre handlingene.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I en tale til sikkerhetsrådet 30. oktober kritiserte Israels FN-ambassadør dem for å ikke ha klart å bli enige om en fordømmelse av angrepene fra Hamas på sivile israelere.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den amerikanske republikanske politikeren <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> uttalte at FNs mangel på fordømmelse av Hamas-angrepene burde føre til at USA trakk sin økonomiske støtte til FN.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Økende_hatkriminalitet"><span id=".C3.98kende_hatkriminalitet"></span>Økende hatkriminalitet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Økende hatkriminalitet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Økende hatkriminalitet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Europa er det rapportert om en økning i hatkriminalitet mot muslimer som en følge av terrorhandlingene 7. oktober.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslimer har uttalt at de har følt seg mistenkeliggjort ved at deres sympati med befolkningen på Gazastripen har blitt tolket som støtte til Hamas, og høyreorienterte politikere har spilt på situasjonen for å samle støtte til strengere innvandringspolitikk.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israels motreaksjon har også utløst en kraftig økning i antisemittisme.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I europeiske land har jøder opplevd hærverk og tagging av private hjem og synagoger.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I den franske byen <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> ble en jødisk kvinne knivstukket samtidig som det var blitt risset inn et hakekors i døren til leiligheten hennes.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Portugal utviklet en protestmarsj mot høye bokostnader seg til å bli en antisemittisk demonstrasjon, der det ble ropt slagord om å rense verden for jøder.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I mars 2024 ble en ortodoks jøde i Zürich alvorlig skadet etter å ha blitt stukket med kniv av en 15 år gammel gutt som hadde erklært solidaritet til terrororganisasjonen <a href="/wiki/Den_islamske_staten_Irak_og_Levanten" title="Den islamske staten Irak og Levanten">IS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Økonomiske_konsekvenser"><span id=".C3.98konomiske_konsekvenser"></span>Økonomiske konsekvenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Rediger avsnitt: Økonomiske konsekvenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Økonomiske konsekvenser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angrepet medførte at den israelske valutaen <a href="/wiki/Shekel" class="mw-redirect" title="Shekel">shekel</a> sank til sitt laveste nivå på flere år.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oslo Børs styrket seg kraftig etter angrepet grunnet stigende oljepris.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krigen_i_Gaza_2023%E2%80%932024" title="Krigen i Gaza 2023–2024">Krigen i Gaza 2023–2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=20" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/dwedr1/minst-to-skadd-i-rakettangrep-mot-israel-hamas-varsler-tale">«Massivt angrep på Israel: − Taler for en langvarig og brutal krig»</a>. <i>VG</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span 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Besøkt 10. februar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Rafah+har+%C3%B8kt+fra+280.000+til+1%2C5+millioner+mennesker&rft.aufirst=Ida+Kristin&rft.aulast=R%C3%B8nning&rft.date=2024-02-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Furix%2Frafah-har-okt-fra-280.000-til-1_5-millioner-mennesker-1.16757520&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_11-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Todal, Per Anders (17. november 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dagogtid.no/samfunn/den-egyptiske-portvakta-6.141.31784.015dcb6975">«Den egyptiske portvakta»</a>. <i>www.dagogtid.no</i> (på norsk nynorsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 1. april 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Den+egyptiske+portvakta&rft.aufirst=Per+Anders&rft.aulast=Todal&rft.date=2023-11-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dagogtid.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagogtid.no%2Fsamfunn%2Fden-egyptiske-portvakta-6.141.31784.015dcb6975&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sandven, Synne Malen (11. august 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/urix/xl/_slaktaren-fra-khan-younis_-yahya-sinwar-blir-ny-hamas-leiar-1.16993124">«Kven er «Slaktaren frå Khan Younis», Hamas' nye leiar?»</a>. <i>NRK</i> (på norsk nynorsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 11. august 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Kven+er+%C2%ABSlaktaren+fr%C3%A5+Khan+Younis%C2%BB%2C+Hamas%27+nye+leiar%3F&rft.aufirst=Synne+Malen&rft.aulast=Sandven&rft.date=2024-08-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Furix%2Fxl%2F_slaktaren-fra-khan-younis_-yahya-sinwar-blir-ny-hamas-leiar-1.16993124&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/eksperter-om-bakkekrig-pa-gaza-nettopp-det-hamas-onsker/s/5-95-1385796">«Eksperter om bakkekrig på Gaza: – Nettopp det Hamas ønsker»</a>. <i>Nettavisen</i>. 11. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Eksperter+om+bakkekrig+p%C3%A5+Gaza%3A+%E2%80%93+Nettopp+det+Hamas+%C3%B8nsker&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nettavisen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nettavisen.no%2Fnyheter%2Feksperter-om-bakkekrig-pa-gaza-nettopp-det-hamas-onsker%2Fs%2F5-95-1385796&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/11/middleeast/sinwar-hamas-israel-ceasefire-hostage-talks-intl/index.html">«Hamas leader said civilian death toll could benefit militant group in Gaza war, WSJ reports»</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 11. juni 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Hamas+leader+said+civilian+death+toll+could+benefit+militant+group+in+Gaza+war%2C+WSJ+reports&rft.date=2024-06-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F06%2F11%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsinwar-hamas-israel-ceasefire-hostage-talks-intl%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dagens Næringsliv</i>, 10. oktober 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Klassekampen</i>, 3. februar 2014, s.30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Graham-Harrison, Emma; Kierszenbaum, Quique (14. januar 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/14/shin-bet-ami-ayalon-calls-on-israel-release-intifada-leader-marwan-barghouti">«Ex-Shin Bet head says Israel should negotiate with jailed intifada leader»</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (på engelsk). <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 17. februar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Ex-Shin+Bet+head+says+Israel+should+negotiate+with+jailed+intifada+leader&rft.au=Kierszenbaum%2C+Quique&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.aulast=Graham-Harrison&rft.date=2024-01-14&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fjan%2F14%2Fshin-bet-ami-ayalon-calls-on-israel-release-intifada-leader-marwan-barghouti&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/21/middleeast/palestinians-back-hamas-survey-intl-cmd/index.html">«Palestinians support Hamas decision to go to war with Israel, survey suggests, with no political solution on horizon»</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 21. desember 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Palestinians+support+Hamas+decision+to+go+to+war+with+Israel%2C+survey+suggests%2C+with+no+political+solution+on+horizon&rft.date=2023-12-21&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F12%2F21%2Fmiddleeast%2Fpalestinians-back-hamas-survey-intl-cmd%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/03/21/majority-in-u-s-say-israel-has-valid-reasons-for-fighting-fewer-say-the-same-about-hamas/">«Majority in U.S. Say Israel Has Valid Reasons for Fighting; Fewer Say the Same About Hamas»</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i>. 21. mars 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Majority+in+U.S.+Say+Israel+Has+Valid+Reasons+for+Fighting%3B+Fewer+Say+the+Same+About+Hamas&rft.date=2024-03-21&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2F2024%2F03%2F21%2Fmajority-in-u-s-say-israel-has-valid-reasons-for-fighting-fewer-say-the-same-about-hamas%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-news-01-06-2024-8c06dda3a8e20491b5a34377c60bb827">«Israeli leader Netanyahu faces growing pressure at home after Biden’s Gaza proposal»</a>. <i>AP</i>. 1. juni 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Israeli+leader+Netanyahu+faces+growing+pressure+at+home+after+Biden%E2%80%99s+Gaza+proposal&rft.date=2024-06-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-hamas-war-news-01-06-2024-8c06dda3a8e20491b5a34377c60bb827&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68754109">«Tens of thousands of Israelis rally in Tel Aviv demanding Gaza hostage deal»</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 7. april 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Tens+of+thousands+of+Israelis+rally+in+Tel+Aviv+demanding+Gaza+hostage+deal&rft.date=2024-04-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-68754109&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/07/hamas-launches-surprise-attack-on-israel-as-palestinian-gunmen-reported-in-south">«Hamas launches surprise attack on Israel as Palestinian gunmen reported in south»</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Hamas+launches+surprise+attack+on+Israel+as+Palestinian+gunmen+reported+in+south&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Foct%2F07%2Fhamas-launches-surprise-attack-on-israel-as-palestinian-gunmen-reported-in-south&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/RG0Ror/angrepet-var-omfattende-planlagt-og-kom-fra-flere-kanter-man-kan-lure-paa-hvor-israelsk-etterretning-har-vaert">«Angrepet var omfattende, planlagt og kom fra flere kanter: – Man kan lure på hvor israelsk etterretning har vært»</a>. <i>Aftenposten</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Angrepet+var+omfattende%2C+planlagt+og+kom+fra+flere+kanter%3A+%E2%80%93+Man+kan+lure+p%C3%A5+hvor+israelsk+etterretning+har+v%C3%A6rt&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aftenposten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Fverden%2Fi%2FRG0Ror%2Fangrepet-var-omfattende-planlagt-og-kom-fra-flere-kanter-man-kan-lure-paa-hvor-israelsk-etterretning-har-vaert&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/investigations/israel-us-miss-hamas-was-planning-rcna119335">«How did Israel and the U.S. miss what Hamas was planning?»</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. 8. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=How+did+Israel+and+the+U.S.+miss+what+Hamas+was+planning%3F&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Finvestigations%2Fisrael-us-miss-hamas-was-planning-rcna119335&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/egypt-intelligence-official-says-israel-ignored-repeated-warnings-of-something-big/">«Egypt intelligence official says Israel ignored repeated warnings of ‘something big’»</a>. <i>Times of Israel</i>. 9. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Egypt+intelligence+official+says+Israel+ignored+repeated+warnings+of+%E2%80%98something+big%E2%80%99&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fegypt-intelligence-official-says-israel-ignored-repeated-warnings-of-something-big%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/de-advarte-mot-hamas-angrep-ble-drept-da-angrepet-kom/s/5-95-1581539">«De advarte mot Hamas-angrep – ble drept da angrepet kom»</a>. <i>Nettavisen</i>. 17. januar 2024.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 5. januar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Where+Was+the+Israeli+Military%3F&rft.au=Bergman%2C+Ronen&rft.au=Cardia%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Frenkel%2C+Sheera&rft.au=Mazzetti%2C+Mark&rft.au=Odenheimer%2C+Natan&rft.au=Tiefenth%C3%A4ler%2C+Ainara&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.date=2023-12-30&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F12%2F30%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisraeli-military-hamas-failures.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Freilich, Charles D. 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Besøkt 5. januar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Israel%E2%80%99s+Classic+Defense+Doctrine&rft.aufirst=Charles+D.&rft.aulast=Freilich&rft.date=2018-03-22&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Scholarship+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780190602932.003.0002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780190602932.003.0002&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-30"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_30-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_30-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Burke, Jason (7. november 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/07/secret-hamas-attack-orders-israel-gaza-7-october">«A deadly cascade: how secret Hamas attack orders were passed down at last minute»</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (på engelsk). <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 3. februar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=A+deadly+cascade%3A+how+secret+Hamas+attack+orders+were+passed+down+at+last+minute&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.date=2023-11-07&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fnov%2F07%2Fsecret-hamas-attack-orders-israel-gaza-7-october&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/urix/rakettangrep-fra-gaza-mot-israel-1.16586346">«Rakettangrep mot Israel: – Hamas har iverksatt militæroperasjon»</a>. <i>NRK</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Rakettangrep+mot+Israel%3A+%E2%80%93+Hamas+har+iverksatt+milit%C3%A6roperasjon&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Furix%2Frakettangrep-fra-gaza-mot-israel-1.16586346&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/video/israel-hamas-fighters-appear-to-paraglide-across-border-in-released-footage-12978986">«Israel: Hamas fighters appear to paraglide across border in released footage»</a>. <i>Sky News</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Israel%3A+Hamas+fighters+appear+to+paraglide+across+border+in+released+footage&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fvideo%2Fisrael-hamas-fighters-appear-to-paraglide-across-border-in-released-footage-12978986&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/israel-says-hamas-launched-a-war-following-rocket-attacks/a-67025942">«Israel says Hamas 'launched a war' following rocket attacks»</a>. <i>DW</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Israel+says+Hamas+%27launched+a+war%27+following+rocket+attacks&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fisrael-says-hamas-launched-a-war-following-rocket-attacks%2Fa-67025942&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/08/hamas-taken-israeli-hostages-into-gaza">«Hamas may have taken more than 100 Israeli hostages into Gaza»</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 8. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Hamas+may+have+taken+more+than+100+Israeli+hostages+into+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Foct%2F08%2Fhamas-taken-israeli-hostages-into-gaza&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-11fb98655c256d54ecb5329284fc37d2">«Hamas says it is holding dozens of Israeli soldiers captured in surprise incursion»</a>. <i>AP</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Hamas+says+it+is+holding+dozens+of+Israeli+soldiers+captured+in+surprise+incursion&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-11fb98655c256d54ecb5329284fc37d2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-israeli-women-children-seniors-taken-hostage-hamas-in-gaza-2023-10?r=US&IR=T">«Women, children, and seniors believed to be among at least 100 Israeli hostages seized by Hamas and taken to Gaza»</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. 8. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Women%2C+children%2C+and+seniors+believed+to+be+among+at+least+100+Israeli+hostages+seized+by+Hamas+and+taken+to+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fphotos-israeli-women-children-seniors-taken-hostage-hamas-in-gaza-2023-10%3Fr%3DUS%26IR%3DT&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/reuters-fotograf-observerer-flere-drepte-i-gatene-1.16586661">«Reuters-fotograf observerer flere drepte i gatene»</a>. <i>NRK</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Reuters-fotograf+observerer+flere+drepte+i+gatene&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fnyheter%2Freuters-fotograf-observerer-flere-drepte-i-gatene-1.16586661&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/0Qd4Wo/familien-til-shir-georgie-22-frykter-hun-er-kidnappet">«Familien til Shir Georgie (22) frykter hun er kidnappet»</a>. <i>VG</i>. 8. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Familien+til+Shir+Georgie+%2822%29+frykter+hun+er+kidnappet&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg.no%2Fnyheter%2Futenriks%2Fi%2F0Qd4Wo%2Ffamilien-til-shir-georgie-22-frykter-hun-er-kidnappet&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/credit-card-shani-louk-naked-paraded-hamas-israel-palestine-gaza-2023-10?r=US&IR=T">«Shani Louk, whose naked body was paraded by Hamas fighters, was also possibly robbed. Her credit card was used in Gaza, report says.»</a>. <i>Insider</i>. 8. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Shani+Louk%2C+whose+naked+body+was+paraded+by+Hamas+fighters%2C+was+also+possibly+robbed.+Her+credit+card+was+used+in+Gaza%2C+report+says.&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insider&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fcredit-card-shani-louk-naked-paraded-hamas-israel-palestine-gaza-2023-10%3Fr%3DUS%26IR%3DT&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/10/07/israel-palestine-gaza-latest-news-rockets-tel-aviv-hamas/">«Israel-Palestine latest news: Hamas has taken hostages to Gaza, Israel confirms»</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Israel-Palestine+latest+news%3A+Hamas+has+taken+hostages+to+Gaza%2C+Israel+confirms&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2023%2F10%2F07%2Fisrael-palestine-gaza-latest-news-rockets-tel-aviv-hamas%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hostage-situation-in-kibbutz-dining-hall-said-to-be-resolved-hostages-rescued-safely/">«Hostage situation in kibbutz dining hall said to be resolved, hostages rescued safely»</a>. <i>Times of Israel</i>. 8. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Hostage+situation+in+kibbutz+dining+hall+said+to+be+resolved%2C+hostages+rescued+safely&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Fhostage-situation-in-kibbutz-dining-hall-said-to-be-resolved-hostages-rescued-safely%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/verden/2023/10/17/195955360/en-halv-million-israelere-er-fordrevet-ifolge-idf">«En halv million israelere er fordrevet, ifølge IDF»</a>. <i>ABC Nyheter</i>. 17. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=En+halv+million+israelere+er+fordrevet%2C+if%C3%B8lge+IDF&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+Nyheter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abcnyheter.no%2Fnyheter%2Fverden%2F2023%2F10%2F17%2F195955360%2Fen-halv-million-israelere-er-fordrevet-ifolge-idf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-could-open-second-front-lebanon-defense-minister-hintsgaza-hamas-war-yoav-gallant/">«Israel could open second front in Lebanon, defense minister hints»</a>. <i>Politico</i>. 6. desember 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Israel+could+open+second+front+in+Lebanon%2C+defense+minister+hints&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fisrael-could-open-second-front-lebanon-defense-minister-hintsgaza-hamas-war-yoav-gallant%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adressa.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/9z2bj5/76-000-fordrevet-av-vold-i-grenseomraadet-mellom-israel-og-libanon">«76.000 fordrevet av vold i grenseområdet mellom Israel og Libanon»</a>. <i>Adresseavisen</i>. 5. januar 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=76.000+fordrevet+av+vold+i+grenseomr%C3%A5det+mellom+Israel+og+Libanon&rft.date=2024-01-05&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adresseavisen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adressa.no%2Fnyheter%2Futenriks%2Fi%2F9z2bj5%2F76-000-fordrevet-av-vold-i-grenseomraadet-mellom-israel-og-libanon&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-762037">«Operation Swords of Iron: Israel hits 100 dead and 900 injured»</a>. <i>Jerusalem Post</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Operation+Swords+of+Iron%3A+Israel+hits+100+dead+and+900+injured&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Farticle-762037&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewstribune.com/news/nation-world/world/article280239809.html">«Hamas surprise attack out of Gaza stuns Israel and leaves hundreds dead in fighting, retaliation»</a>. <i>The News Tribune</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Hamas+surprise+attack+out+of+Gaza+stuns+Israel+and+leaves+hundreds+dead+in+fighting%2C+retaliation&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+Tribune&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewstribune.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fworld%2Farticle280239809.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dagsavisen.no/nyheter/verden/2023/10/08/medier-dodstallet-i-israel-stiger-til-over-400-flere-enn-2000-saret/">«Minst 700 israelere skal være drept i Hamas-angrep»</a>. <i>Dagsavisen</i>. 8. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Minst+700+israelere+skal+v%C3%A6re+drept+i+Hamas-angrep&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dagsavisen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagsavisen.no%2Fnyheter%2Fverden%2F2023%2F10%2F08%2Fmedier-dodstallet-i-israel-stiger-til-over-400-flere-enn-2000-saret%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">House, The White (18. oktober 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2023/10/18/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-october-7th-terrorist-attacks-and-the-resilience-of-the-state-of-israel-and-its-people-tel-aviv-israel/">«Remarks by President Biden on the October 7th Terrorist Attacks and the Resilience of the State of Israel and its People | Tel Aviv, Israel»</a>. <i>The White House</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 3. januar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Remarks+by+President+Biden+on+the+October+7th+Terrorist+Attacks+and+the+Resilience+of+the+State+of+Israel+and+its+People+%7C+Tel+Aviv%2C+Israel&rft.aufirst=The+White&rft.aulast=House&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fbriefing-room%2Fspeeches-remarks%2F2023%2F10%2F18%2Fremarks-by-president-biden-on-the-october-7th-terrorist-attacks-and-the-resilience-of-the-state-of-israel-and-its-people-tel-aviv-israel%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Jones, Sam; Fidler, Matt; Livingstone, Helen; Ratcliffe, Rebecca; Siradapuvadol, Navaon; Cousins, Rich; Amitrano, Alessia (14. oktober 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/14/families-festivalgoers-soldiers-and-foreigners-victims-of-the-hamas-assault-on-israel">«Families, festivalgoers, soldiers and foreigners: victims of the Hamas assault on Israel»</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (på engelsk). <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 3. februar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Families%2C+festivalgoers%2C+soldiers+and+foreigners%3A+victims+of+the+Hamas+assault+on+Israel&rft.au=Amitrano%2C+Alessia&rft.au=Cousins%2C+Rich&rft.au=Fidler%2C+Matt&rft.au=Livingstone%2C+Helen&rft.au=Ratcliffe%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Siradapuvadol%2C+Navaon&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.date=2023-10-14&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Foct%2F14%2Ffamilies-festivalgoers-soldiers-and-foreigners-victims-of-the-hamas-assault-on-israel&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Boffey, Daniel; Jones, Sam; Cousins, Rich; Wishart, Ellen (13. oktober 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/13/israel-darkest-day-24-hours-of-terror-hamas-gaza">«Israel’s darkest day: the 24 hours of terror that shook the country»</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (på engelsk). <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 3. februar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Israel%E2%80%99s+darkest+day%3A+the+24+hours+of+terror+that+shook+the+country&rft.au=Cousins%2C+Rich&rft.au=Jones%2C+Sam&rft.au=Wishart%2C+Ellen&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.aulast=Boffey&rft.date=2023-10-13&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Foct%2F13%2Fisrael-darkest-day-24-hours-of-terror-hamas-gaza&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/briefing/2023/10/12/hamass-attack-was-the-bloodiest-in-israels-history">«Hamas’s attack was the bloodiest in Israel’s history»</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 3. februar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Hamas%E2%80%99s+attack+was+the+bloodiest+in+Israel%E2%80%99s+history&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fbriefing%2F2023%2F10%2F12%2Fhamass-attack-was-the-bloodiest-in-israels-history&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/haaretz-explains/2023-10-19/ty-article-magazine/israels-dead-the-names-of-those-killed-in-hamas-massacres-and-the-israel-hamas-war/0000018b-325c-d450-a3af-7b5cf0210000">«Israel's Dead: The Names of Those Killed in Hamas Attacks, Massacres and the Israel-Hamas War»</a>. <i>Haaretz</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 3. februar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Dead%3A+The+Names+of+Those+Killed+in+Hamas+Attacks%2C+Massacres+and+the+Israel-Hamas+War&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhaaretz-explains%2F2023-10-19%2Fty-article-magazine%2Fisraels-dead-the-names-of-those-killed-in-hamas-massacres-and-the-israel-hamas-war%2F0000018b-325c-d450-a3af-7b5cf0210000&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/authorities-name-44-soldiers-30-police-officers-killed-in-hamas-attack/">«Authorities name 561 soldiers, 61 police officers killed in Gaza war»</a>. <i>Times of Israel</i>. 8. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Authorities+name+561+soldiers%2C+61+police+officers+killed+in+Gaza+war&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fauthorities-name-44-soldiers-30-police-officers-killed-in-hamas-attack%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231215-israel-social-security-data-reveals-true-picture-of-oct-7-deaths">«Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths»</a>. <i>France 24</i> (på engelsk). 15. desember 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 3. februar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Israel+social+security+data+reveals+true+picture+of+Oct+7+deaths&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20231215-israel-social-security-data-reveals-true-picture-of-oct-7-deaths&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">McKernan, Bethan (18. januar 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/18/evidence-points-to-systematic-use-of-rape-by-hamas-in-7-october-attacks">«Evidence points to systematic use of rape and sexual violence by Hamas in 7 October attacks»</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (på engelsk). <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 3. februar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Evidence+points+to+systematic+use+of+rape+and+sexual+violence+by+Hamas+in+7+October+attacks&rft.aufirst=Bethan&rft.aulast=McKernan&rft.date=2024-01-18&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fjan%2F18%2Fevidence-points-to-systematic-use-of-rape-by-hamas-in-7-october-attacks&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/12/06/1217668564/israel-hamas-rape-sexual-violence-oct-7">«Israel presses U.N. to investigate charges of sexual violence by Hamas fighters»</a>. <i>NPR</i>. 6. desember 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Israel+presses+U.N.+to+investigate+charges+of+sexual+violence+by+Hamas+fighters&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F12%2F06%2F1217668564%2Fisrael-hamas-rape-sexual-violence-oct-7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231204-jewish-women-march-on-un-over-october-7-attacks-on-israel">«Jewish women march on UN over October 7 attacks on Israel»</a>. <i>France24</i>. 4. desember 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Jewish+women+march+on+UN+over+October+7+attacks+on+Israel&rft.date=2023-12-04&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20231204-jewish-women-march-on-un-over-october-7-attacks-on-israel&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/un-experts-call-full-and-independent-investigations-all-crimes-committed">«UN experts call for full and independent investigations into all crimes committed in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory»</a>. <a href="/wiki/FNs_h%C3%B8ykommiss%C3%A6r_for_menneskerettigheter" title="FNs høykommissær for menneskerettigheter">FNs høykommissær for menneskerettigheter</a>. 27. november 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 10. mai 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.btitle=UN+experts+call+for+full+and+independent+investigations+into+all+crimes+committed+in+Israel+and+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territory&rft.date=2023-11-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=FNs+h%C3%B8ykommiss%C3%A6r+for+menneskerettigheter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2F11%2Fun-experts-call-full-and-independent-investigations-all-crimes-committed&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pressrelease"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/01/un-experts-demand-accountability-victims-sexual-torture-and-unlawful">«UN experts demand accountability for victims of sexual torture and unlawful killings during 7 October attacks»</a> (pressemelding). <a href="/wiki/FNs_h%C3%B8ykommiss%C3%A6r_for_menneskerettigheter" title="FNs høykommissær for menneskerettigheter">FNs høykommissær for menneskerettigheter</a>. 8. januar 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.btitle=UN+experts+demand+accountability+for+victims+of+sexual+torture+and+unlawful+killings+during+7+October+attacks&rft.date=2024-01-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=FNs+h%C3%B8ykommiss%C3%A6r+for+menneskerettigheter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2024%2F01%2Fun-experts-demand-accountability-victims-sexual-torture-and-unlawful&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" 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Besøkt 3. januar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=The+Israel%E2%80%90Hamas+War%3A+Historical+Context+and+International+Law&rft.aufirst=M.T.&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.date=2023&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1061-1924&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Policy&rft.pages=3-9&rft.volume=30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fmepo.12723&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fmepo.12723&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dn.no/kommentar/israel/gaza/hamas/mediene-om-gaza-brutalitet-i-ubalanse/2-1-1576421?zephr_sso_ott=WX3ECR">«Mediene om Gaza: Brutalitet i ubalanse»</a>. <i>Dagens Næringsliv</i>. 1. januar 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Mediene+om+Gaza%3A+Brutalitet+i+ubalanse&rft.date=2024-01-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dagens+N%C3%A6ringsliv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dn.no%2Fkommentar%2Fisrael%2Fgaza%2Fhamas%2Fmediene-om-gaza-brutalitet-i-ubalanse%2F2-1-1576421%3Fzephr_sso_ott%3DWX3ECR&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-762122">«Malta asks UN security council for meeting following attacks on Israel - diplomats»</a>. <i>Jerusalem Post</i>. 7. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Malta+asks+UN+security+council+for+meeting+following+attacks+on+Israel+-+diplomats&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Farticle-762122&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/un-vote-rival-resolutions-israel-gaza-2023-10-16/">«Russia push for UN Security Council action on Israel, Gaza fails»</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 17. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Russia+push+for+UN+Security+Council+action+on+Israel%2C+Gaza+fails&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fun-vote-rival-resolutions-israel-gaza-2023-10-16%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ap1-95"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-ap1_95-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ap1_95-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/un-israel-hamas-war-resolutions-russia-us-546b4b7867e3db3e769775c9e93685dc">«UN Security Council fails again to address Israel-Hamas war, rejecting US and Russian resolutions»</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 26. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=UN+Security+Council+fails+again+to+address+Israel-Hamas+war%2C+rejecting+US+and+Russian+resolutions&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fun-israel-hamas-war-resolutions-russia-us-546b4b7867e3db3e769775c9e93685dc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vg.no/i/kEgG6j">«Barth Eide om svensk og dansk Gaza-nei: – Skulle gjerne hatt dem med»</a>. <i>www.vg.no</i>. 29. oktober 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=%E2%80%93+Norge+har+skilt+lag+med+store+deler+av+Europa&rft.date=2023-10-28&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg.no%2Fnyheter%2Futenriks%2Fi%2FnQ6rod%2Fnorge-har-skilt-lag-med-europa&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/un-overwhelmingly-calls-aid-truce-between-israel-hamas-2023-10-27/">«UN overwhelmingly calls for aid truce between Israel and Hamas»</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 28. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=UN+overwhelmingly+calls+for+aid+truce+between+Israel+and+Hamas&rft.date=2023-10-28&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fun-overwhelmingly-calls-aid-truce-between-israel-hamas-2023-10-27%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tv2.no/direkte/hgd7e/krigen-i-israel-og-palestina/6537d39a9daefd90459f5164/fnsjefen-slar-alarm-klare-brudd-pa-den-humanitaere-folkeretten-i-gaza">«FN-sjefen slår alarm: – Klare brudd på den humanitære folkeretten i Gaza»</a>. <i>TV 2</i>. 24. oktober 2023.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Porto+synagogue+vandalized+with+pro-Palestinian+slogans&rft.date=2023-10-16&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fporto-synagogue-vandalized-with-pro-palestinian-slogans%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adressa.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/JQ9BjR/joedisk-kvinne-knivstukket-utenfor-leiligheten-sin-i-lyon-i-frankrike">«Jødisk kvinne knivstukket utenfor leiligheten sin i Lyon i Frankrike»</a>. <i>Adresseavisen</i>. 5. november 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=J%C3%B8disk+kvinne+knivstukket+utenfor+leiligheten+sin+i+Lyon+i+Frankrike&rft.date=2023-11-05&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adresseavisen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adressa.no%2Fnyheter%2Futenriks%2Fi%2FJQ9BjR%2Fjoedisk-kvinne-knivstukket-utenfor-leiligheten-sin-i-lyon-i-frankrike&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-784953">«‘Cleansing the world of Jews’: Porto housing protest turns antisemitic»</a>. <i>Jerusalem Post</i>. 3. februar 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98Cleansing+the+world+of+Jews%E2%80%99%3A+Porto+housing+protest+turns+antisemitic&rft.date=2024-02-03&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fdiaspora%2Fantisemitism%2Farticle-784953&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/teen-suspect-stabbing-jewish-man-zurich-expressed-solidarity-107784586">«Teen suspect in stabbing of Jewish man in Zurich expressed solidarity with Islamic State group»</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 4. mars 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Teen+suspect+in+stabbing+of+Jewish+man+in+Zurich+expressed+solidarity+with+Islamic+State+group&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fteen-suspect-stabbing-jewish-man-zurich-expressed-solidarity-107784586&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fxstreet.com/analysis/us-dollar-index-outlook-israeli-shekel-falls-to-new-multi-year-low-vs-us-dollar-202310091351">«Israeli Shekel falls to new multi-year low vs US Dollar»</a>. <i>FX Street</i>. 9. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Israeli+Shekel+falls+to+new+multi-year+low+vs+US+Dollar&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FX+Street&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fxstreet.com%2Fanalysis%2Fus-dollar-index-outlook-israeli-shekel-falls-to-new-multi-year-low-vs-us-dollar-202310091351&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dn.no/bors/hovedindeksen/oslo-bors/bors/kraftig-oppgang-for-oslo-bors/2-1-1531571">«Kraftig oppgang for Oslo Børs»</a>. <i>Dagens Næringsliv</i>. 9. oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AHamas%E2%80%99+angrep+p%C3%A5+Israel+oktober+2023&rft.atitle=Kraftig+oppgang+for+Oslo+B%C3%B8rs&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dagens+N%C3%A6ringsliv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dn.no%2Fbors%2Fhovedindeksen%2Foslo-bors%2Fbors%2Fkraftig-oppgang-for-oslo-bors%2F2-1-1531571&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas%E2%80%99_angrep_p%C3%A5_Israel_oktober_2023&action=edit&section=21" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2023_Hamas_attack_on_Israel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:2023 Hamas attack on Israel">2023 Hamas attack on Israel</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122976243?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" 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href="/wiki/Israels_historie#Direktevalg_av_statsminister_1996.E2.80.932005" title="Israels historie">1996 – I dag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konflikt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midt%C3%B8sten-konflikten" title="Midtøsten-konflikten">Israelsk-arabisk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Den_arabisk-israelske_krig_i_1948" title="Den arabisk-israelske krig i 1948">Arabisk-israelsk krig 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_gr%C3%B8nne_linje" title="Den grønne linje">Den grønne linje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suezkrisen" title="Suezkrisen">Suezkrisen</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Liste_over_fredsavtaler_i_Midt%C3%B8sten" title="Liste over fredsavtaler i Midtøsten">Fredsavtaler</a> (<a href="/wiki/Den_egyptisk-israelske_fredsavtalen" title="Den egyptisk-israelske fredsavtalen">med Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_israelsk-jordanske_fredsavtalen" title="Den israelsk-jordanske fredsavtalen">med Jordan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Palestina-konflikten" title="Israel–Palestina-konflikten">Israelsk-palestinsk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tostatsl%C3%B8sningen" title="Tostatsløsningen">Tostatsløsningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelske_bosetninger" title="Israelske bosetninger">Israelske bosetninger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_intifada" title="Første intifada">Første intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_intifada" title="Andre intifada">Andre intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazakrigen_2008%E2%80%932009" title="Gazakrigen 2008–2009">Gazakrigen 2008–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordingen_av_Gaza-konvoien_i_2010" title="Bordingen av Gaza-konvoien i 2010">Bordingen av Gaza-konvoien i 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazakrigen_2014" title="Gazakrigen 2014">Gazakrigen 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Palestina-konflikten_(2021)" title="Israel–Palestina-konflikten (2021)">Militær konflikt 2021</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamas-angrep 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krigen_i_Gaza_2023%E2%80%932024" title="Krigen i Gaza 2023–2024">Krigen i Gaza 2023–2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_barriere_p%C3%A5_Vestbredden" title="Israels barriere på Vestbredden">Barriere på Vestbredden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_palestinske_territoriene" title="De palestinske territoriene">Palestinske territorier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blokaden_av_Gazastripen" title="Blokaden av Gazastripen">Blokaden av Gazastripen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestbredden_og_Gazastripens_politiske_status" title="Vestbredden og Gazastripens politiske status">Vestbredden og Gazastripens politiske status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazastripens_kamptunnelsystem" title="Gazastripens kamptunnelsystem">Gazastripens kamptunnelsystem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_geografi" title="Israels geografi">Geografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_byer_i_Israel" title="Liste over byer i Israel">Byer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_distrikter" title="Israels distrikter">Distrikter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Fjell_i_Israel" title="Kategori:Fjell i Israel">Fjell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_politiske_system" title="Israels politiske system">Politikk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Myndighet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Nasjonalforsamling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_statsminister" title="Israels statsminister">Statsminister</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israels_statsminister#Liste_over_Israels_statsministre" title="Israels statsminister">Liste</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_president" title="Israels president">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politiske_partier_i_Israel" title="Kategori:Politiske partier i Israel">Politiske partier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_rettsvesen" title="Israels rettsvesen">Rettsvesen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loven_om_tilbakevending" title="Loven om tilbakevending">Loven om tilbakevending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem-loven" title="Jerusalem-loven">Jerusalem-loven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israelske_sikkerhetsstyrker" title="Israelske sikkerhetsstyrker">Sikkerhet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israels_forsvar" title="Israels forsvar">Militærvesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_kriger_Israel_har_deltatt_i" title="Liste over kriger Israel har deltatt i">Kriger siden 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_%C3%B8konomi" title="Israels økonomi">Næringsliv</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israels_%C3%B8konomi" title="Israels økonomi">Økonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_bankvesen" title="Israels bankvesen">Bankvesen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_kultur" title="Israels kultur">Kultur</a> og samfunn</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_i_Israel" title="Religion i Israel">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utdanning_i_Israel" title="Utdanning i Israel">Utdanning</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liste_over_universiteter_og_h%C3%B8yskoler_i_Israel" title="Liste over universiteter og høyskoler i Israel">Universiteter og høyskoler</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_flagg" title="Israels flagg">Flagg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israels_riksv%C3%A5pen" title="Israels riksvåpen">Riksvåpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">Kibbutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebraisk" title="Hebraisk">Hebraisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">Arabisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelsk_litteratur" title="Israelsk litteratur">Litteratur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_i_Israel" title="Sport i Israel">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_demografi" title="Israels demografi">Demografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8der" title="Jøder">Jøder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelere" title="Israelere">Israelere</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israelske_arabere" title="Israelske arabere">Arabere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelske_j%C3%B8der" title="Israelske jøder">Jøder</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israels_utenriks-_og_sikkerhetspolitikk" title="Israels utenriks- og sikkerhetspolitikk">Utenrikspolitikk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relasjoner_mellom_Norge_og_Israel" title="Relasjoner mellom Norge og Israel">Israel og Norge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo-avtalen" title="Oslo-avtalen">Oslo-avtalen 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interimsavtalen" title="Interimsavtalen">Oslo-avtalen 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relaterte artikler</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israels_land" title="Israels land">Israels land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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