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innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam-brigadene</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 33 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigaderna" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam-brigaderna – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam-brigaderna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85" title="كتائب الشهيد عز الدين القسام – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتائب الشهيد عز الدين القسام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigaes_d%27Ezzeldin_Al-Qassam" title="Brigaes d'Ezzeldin Al-Qassam – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Brigaes d'Ezzeldin Al-Qassam" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1" title="ইজ্জুদ্দীন আল-কাসসাম ব্রিগেড – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইজ্জুদ্দীন আল-কাসসাম ব্রিগেড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigades_Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Brigades Izz ad-Din al-Qassam – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brigades Izz ad-Din al-Qassam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig%C3%A1dy_Izz_ad-D%C3%ADna_al-Kass%C3%A1ma" title="Brigády Izz ad-Dína al-Kassáma – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brigády Izz ad-Dína al-Kassáma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qassam-Brigaden" title="Qassam-Brigaden – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Qassam-Brigaden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%B6_%CE%B1%CE%BB-%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%B1%CE%BB-%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Ταξιαρχίες Ιζ αλ-Ντιν αλ-Κασάμ – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταξιαρχίες Ιζ αλ-Ντιν αλ-Κασάμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qassam_Brigades" title="Al-Qassam Brigades – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Al-Qassam Brigades" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigadas_de_Ezzeldin_Al-Qassam" title="Brigadas de Ezzeldin Al-Qassam – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brigadas de Ezzeldin Al-Qassam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam_Brigadak" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigadak – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigadak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85" title="گردان‌های عزالدین قسام – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گردان‌های عزالدین قسام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigades_Izz_al-Din_al-Qassam" title="Brigades Izz al-Din al-Qassam – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brigades Izz al-Din al-Qassam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A6%88_%EC%95%97%EB%94%98_%EC%95%8C%EC%B9%B4%EC%82%BC_%EC%97%AC%EB%8B%A8" title="이즈 앗딘 알카삼 여단 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이즈 앗딘 알카삼 여단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigade_Izzuddin_al-Qassam" title="Brigade Izzuddin al-Qassam – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brigade Izzuddin al-Qassam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigate_Ezzedin_al-Qassam" title="Brigate Ezzedin al-Qassam – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brigate Ezzedin al-Qassam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%A2%D7%96_%D7%90-%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9D" title="גדודי עז א-דין אל-קסאם – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גדודי עז א-דין אל-קסאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izz_ad-D%C3%ADn_al-Kassz%C3%A1m_Brig%C3%A1dok" title="Izz ad-Dín al-Kasszám Brigádok – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izz ad-Dín al-Kasszám Brigádok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85" title="كتايب الشهيد عز الدين القسام – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كتايب الشهيد عز الدين القسام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briged_Izzuddin_al-Qassam" title="Briged Izzuddin al-Qassam – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Briged Izzuddin al-Qassam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%83%E3%82%BA%E3%83%83%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%AB%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E6%97%85%E5%9B%A3" title="イッズッディーン・アル＝カッサーム旅団 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イッズッディーン・アル＝カッサーム旅団" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%89%D9%84%DA%AB%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%90" title="عزالدين القسام ډلګيانې – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عزالدين القسام ډلګيانې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brygady_al-Kassam" title="Brygady al-Kassam – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brygady al-Kassam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigadas_Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Brigadas Izz ad-Din al-Qassam – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brigadas Izz ad-Din al-Qassam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig%C4%83zile_Ezzedin_Al-Qassam" title="Brigăzile Ezzedin Al-Qassam – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Brigăzile Ezzedin Al-Qassam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%C2%BB" title="Бригады «Изз ад-Дин аль-Кассам» – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бригады «Изз ад-Дин аль-Кассам»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezzedeen_Al-Qassam_Brigades" title="Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85" title="کەتیبەکانی شەھید عیزەدین قەسام – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەتیبەکانی شەھید عیزەدین قەسام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam_-prikaatit" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam -prikaatit – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam -prikaatit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zzeddin_el-Kassam_Tugaylar%C4%B1" title="İzzeddin el-Kassam Tugayları – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İzzeddin el-Kassam Tugayları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Бригади Аль-Кассама – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бригади Аль-Кассама" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%DA%88" title="عز الدین القسام بریگیڈ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عز الدین القسام بریگیڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%AE%B0%C2%B7%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%A1%91%E7%83%88%E5%A3%AB%E6%97%85" title="伊宰·丁·卡桑烈士旅 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊宰·丁·卡桑烈士旅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1475112#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> 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1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad 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th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam-brigadene</th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_(12).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2812%29.jpg/250px-Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2812%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2812%29.jpg/375px-Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2812%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2812%29.jpg/500px-Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2812%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Land</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Grunnlagt</th><td colspan="2">1992<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c0c83ffb95e58adf5e4edffd91d001703d7f0ed7-v2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c0c83ffb95e58adf5e4edffd91d001703d7f0ed7-v2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Hovedkvarter</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gazastripen" title="Gazastripen">Gazastripen</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Grunnlegger</th><td colspan="2">Salah Shehade </td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Nettsted</th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alqassam.ps/">alqassam.ps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">ar</a>)</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_(19).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2819%29.jpg/250px-Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2819%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2819%29.jpg/375px-Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2819%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2819%29.jpg/500px-Parade_of_Palestinian_Mujahideen_%2819%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>En Mujahideen-parade</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Izz ad-Din al-Qassam-brigadene</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oppkalt etter <a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam</a>, er den palestinske organisasjonen <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>' militære fløy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per 2023/24 var brigadene ledet av <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a> og hans stedfortreder <a href="/wiki/Marwan_Issa" title="Marwan Issa">Marwan Issa</a>. IQB har vært største og best utstyrte gruppen som opererer i Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opprettet i midten av 1991,<sup id="cite_ref-About_Us_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Us-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> var organisasjonen den på den tiden opptatt av å blokkere forhandlingene om <a href="/wiki/Oslo-avtalen" title="Oslo-avtalen">Oslo-avtalen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fra 1994 til 2000 tok Al-Qassam-brigadene ansvaret for en rekke angrep mot israelere.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I begynnelsen av den <a href="/wiki/Andre_intifada" title="Andre intifada">andre intifadaen</a> ble gruppen et sentralt mål for Israel. Gruppens styrke og evne til å utføre komplekse og dødelige angrep overrasket mange observatører. Al-Qassam-brigadene opererte flere celler på Vestbredden, men de fleste av dem ble ødelagt innen 2004 etter mange operasjoner av de israelske forsvarsstyrkene (IDF) i regionen. Derimot beholdt Hamas en sterk tilstedeværelse i Gazastripen. </p><p>Al-Qassam-brigadene er oppført som terrororganisasjon av EU,<sup id="cite_ref-councild_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-councild-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-AU_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand,<sup id="cite_ref-NZ-r1373-terrorlist_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ-r1373-terrorlist-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egypt,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og Storbritannia.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brigadenes leder Mohammed Deif har blitt klassifisert som en spesielt utpekt global terrorist av USA under Executive Order 13224.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ettersom brigadene påtar seg militær aktivitet på vegne av Hamas, kan "organiserte terroraktiviteter knyttet til Hamas pålitelig tilskrives brigadene". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunn">Bakgrunn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bakgrunn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Qassam-brigadene er oppkalt etter Izz ad-Din al-Qassam, en muslimsk predikant og <a href="/wiki/Mujahedin" title="Mujahedin">mujahid</a> i <a href="/wiki/Palestinamandatet" title="Palestinamandatet">Palestinamandatet</a>. I 1930 organiserte han al-Qassam sorte hånd, en militant organisasjon som var motstander av sionisme og britisk og fransk styre i <a href="/wiki/Levanten" title="Levanten">Levanten</a>.[32] </p><p>I 1984 begynte sjeik <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Makadmeh" title="Ibrahim al-Makadmeh">Ibrahim al-Makadmeh</a> og andre å forberede en væpnet motstandsgruppe som skulle kunne stå opp mot <a href="/wiki/Israels_okkuperte_omr%C3%A5der" title="Israels okkuperte områder">Israels kontroll</a>. Medlemmene av gruppen ble imidlertid arrestert og våpnene deres ble konfiskert.<sup id="cite_ref-About_Us_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Us-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 1986 dannet Shehada et nettverk av mostandsceller kalt <i>al-Mujahidun al-Filastiniun</i> ('Palestinske kjempere'), som skulle angripe israelske soldater og "forrædere". Nettverket fungerte til 1989. Deres høyest profilerte aksjon var kidnapping og drap av to israelske soldater.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hamas ble offisielt stiftet 14. desember 1987, og dannet lignende nettverk som <i>al-Mujahidun al-Filastiniun</i>. I 1991, under den <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_intifada" title="Første intifada">første palestinske intifadaen</a> (1987-1994), ble Izz ad-Din al-Qassam-brigadene dannet som <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>' <a href="/wiki/Paramilit%C3%A6r" title="Paramilitær">paramilitære</a> arm.<sup id="cite_ref-About_Us_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Us-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AU_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Qassam-brigadenes uttalte mål er: </p> <ul><li>Å bidra i arbeidet med å frigjøre Palestina og gjenopprette rettighetene til det palestinske folket under den hellige islamske læren i den hellige Koranen, sunnah (tradisjoner) til profeten Muhammed (fred og velsignelser være med ham) og tradisjonene til muslimske herskere og lærde kjent for sin fromhet og dedikasjon.<sup id="cite_ref-About_Us_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Us-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Oppsummert søker brigadene å etablere en islamistisk stat i Palestina, som omfatter Gaza, Vestbredden og Israel – og oppløse Israel som en politisk enhet underveis i prosessen.<sup id="cite_ref-AU_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisasjon_og_struktur">Organisasjon og struktur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Organisasjon og struktur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Organisasjon og struktur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izz al-Din al-Qassam-brigadene er en integrert del av Hamas. Mens de er underordnet Hamas' brede politiske mål og dets ideologiske mål, har de en betydelig grad av uavhengighet i beslutningstaking.<sup id="cite_ref-AU_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1997 beskrev statsviterne Ilana Kass og Bard O'Neill Hamas' forhold til brigadene som minner om Sinn Féins forhold til den militære armen til den irske republikanske hæren og siterte en høytstående Hamas-tjenestemann: "Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigade er en egen væpnet militærfløy, som har sine egne ledere som ikke tar imot ordrer [fra Hamas] og ikke forteller oss om planene sine på forhånd."<sup id="cite_ref-AU_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kass og O'Neill har videreført analogien med IRA. Separasjonen av de politiske og militære fløyene skjermet Hamas' politiske ledere fra ansvar for terrorisme, mens den plausible fornektelsen dette ga gjorde Hamas til en kvalifisert representant for fredsforhandlinger på samme måte som med Sinn Féin under Gerry Adams' ledelse.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Krigernes identiteter og posisjoner i gruppen forblir ofte hemmelige til deres død. Selv når de kjemper mot israelske inngrep, bærer alle militantene en karakteristisk svart hette som gruppens grønne pannebånd er festet på. Brigadene opererer på en modell av uavhengige celler, og selv høytstående medlemmer er ofte uvitende om aktivitetene til andre celler. Dette gjør at gruppen konsekvent kan regenerere seg etter medlemmers død. Under Al-Aqsa-intifadaen ble lederne av gruppen målrettet av en rekke luftangrep som drepte mange medlemmer, inkludert Salah Shahade og Adnan al-Ghoul. Den nåværende lederen av brigadene, Mohammed Deif, skal ha overlevd minst fem attentatforsøk.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fotnoter">Fotnoter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fotnoter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fotnoter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18775549">.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-alpha+ol li{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-alpha+ol li{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-roman+ol li{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-roman+ol li{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-decimal+ol li{list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-alpha+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:lower-alpha!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-alpha+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:upper-alpha!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-roman+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:lower-roman!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-roman+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:upper-roman!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-decimal+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:decimal!important}</style><div class="ve-conditional-display-block following-list-style-type-lower-alpha"><b>Type nummerering</b></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">arabisk: كتائب الشهيد عز الدين القسام, lit. 'Martyren Izz ad-Din al-Qassams bataljoner'; kan også skrives som Izzedine eller Ezzsamedeen-brigadene, Al-Qassamedeen-brigadene, Al-Qassamedeen Al-Qassam,<sup id="cite_ref-About_Us_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Us-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AU_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IQB,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eller EQB</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-c0c83ffb95e58adf5e4edffd91d001703d7f0ed7-v2-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c0c83ffb95e58adf5e4edffd91d001703d7f0ed7-v2_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/26/who-are-qassam-armed-resistance-in-gaza">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/26/who-are-qassam-armed-resistance-in-gaza</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About_Us-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-About_Us_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_Us_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_Us_2-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_Us_2-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_Us_2-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141111223719/http://www.qassam.ps/aboutus.html">«About Us»</a>. <i>Al-Qassam Brigades Information Office</i>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qassam.ps/aboutus.html">originalen</a> 11. november 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AIzz+ad-Din+al-Qassam-brigadene&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Qassam+Brigades+Information+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qassam.ps%2Faboutus.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AU-3"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-AU_3-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AU_3-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AU_3-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AU_3-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AU_3-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AU_3-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/HamassIzzal-Dinal-QassamBrigades.aspx">al-Qassam Brigades: Details of the organisation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521092637/https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/HamassIzzal-Dinal-QassamBrigades.aspx">Arkivert</a> 2019-05-21 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i>Australian National Security</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822125618/http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/WWW/nationalsecurity.nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doing_Listing_of_Terrorism_Organisations_Hamas%26apos">Archived</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecfr.eu/special/mapping_palestinian_politics/izz_al_din_al_qassam_brigades/">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades (IQB) – Hamas</a>." <i>Mapping Palestinian Politics</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Council_on_Foreign_Relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Council on Foreign Relations (ikke skrevet ennå)">European Council on Foreign Relations</a>. Retrieved 2021 May 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/al-quds-brigades-says-it-targets-israeli-cities/2236103">«Al-Quds Brigades says it targets Israeli cities»</a>. <i>www.aa.com.tr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 20. mai 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AIzz+ad-Din+al-Qassam-brigadene&rft.atitle=Al-Quds+Brigades+says+it+targets+Israeli+cities&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aa.com.tr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2Fal-quds-brigades-says-it-targets-israeli-cities%2F2236103&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13331522">«Hamas: The Palestinian militant group that rules Gaza»</a>. <i>BBC News</i> (på engelsk). 13. mai 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AIzz+ad-Din+al-Qassam-brigadene&rft.atitle=Hamas%3A+The+Palestinian+militant+group+that+rules+Gaza&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-13331522&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cleveland, William L. (1999). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernm00clev"><i>A history of the modern Middle <span class="nowrap">East<span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gratis registrering kreves"><img alt="Gratis registrering kreves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span></i></a></span>. Westview Press. s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernm00clev/page/494">494</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0-8133-3489-9" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0-8133-3489-9">978-0-8133-3489-9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121231035019/https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernm00clev">Arkivert</a> fra originalen 31. desember 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AIzz+ad-Din+al-Qassam-brigadene&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+modern+Middle+East&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-3489-9&rft.pages=494&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmodernm00clev&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schanzer, Jonathan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meforum.org/516/the-challenge-of-hamas-to-fatah">«The Challenge of Hamas to Fatah»</a>. <i>The Middle East Quarterly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AIzz+ad-Din+al-Qassam-brigadene&rft.atitle=The+Challenge+of+Hamas+to+Fatah&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.aulast=Schanzer&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Middle+East+Quarterly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meforum.org%2F516%2Fthe-challenge-of-hamas-to-fatah&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-councild-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-councild_10-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924025231/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_340/l_34020051223en00640066.pdf">«Council Decision of 21 December 2005»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Eur-Lex. 2005. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_340/l_34020051223en00640066.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 24. september 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AIzz+ad-Din+al-Qassam-brigadene&rft.btitle=Council+Decision+of+21+December+2005&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Eur-Lex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2Fsite%2Fen%2Foj%2F2005%2Fl_340%2Fl_34020051223en00640066.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZ-r1373-terrorlist-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NZ-r1373-terrorlist_11-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.police.govt.nz/advice/personal-community/counterterrorism/designated-entities/lists-associated-with-resolution-1373">«Lists associated with Resolution 1373»</a>. New Zealand Police. 20. juli 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102210429/http://www.police.govt.nz/advice/personal-community/counterterrorism/designated-entities/lists-associated-with-resolution-1373">Arkivert</a> fra originalen 2. januar 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AIzz+ad-Din+al-Qassam-brigadene&rft.btitle=Lists+associated+with+Resolution+1373&rft.date=2014-07-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.police.govt.nz%2Fadvice%2Fpersonal-community%2Fcounterterrorism%2Fdesignated-entities%2Flists-associated-with-resolution-1373&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rts.ch/info/monde/6504908-la-branche-armee-du-hamas-palestinien-declaree-terroriste-en-egypte.html">«La branche armée du Hamas palestinien déclarée "terroriste" en Egypte»</a>. <i>rts.ch</i>. 31. januar 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AIzz+ad-Din+al-Qassam-brigadene&rft.atitle=La+branche+arm%C3%A9e+du+Hamas+palestinien+d%C3%A9clar%C3%A9e+%22terroriste%22+en+Egypte&rft.date=2015-01-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rts.ch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rts.ch%2Finfo%2Fmonde%2F6504908-la-branche-armee-du-hamas-palestinien-declaree-terroriste-en-egypte.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_13-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2">«Terrorism Act 2000»</a>. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AIzz+ad-Din+al-Qassam-brigadene&rft.btitle=Terrorism+Act+2000&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2000%2F11%2Fschedule%2F2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:10_14-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treasury.gov/ofac/downloads/sdnlist.pdf">Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List</a>." U.S. Department of the Treasury. 20. mai 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Najib, Mohammad, and Roland Friedrich. 2007. "Non-Statutory Armed Groups and Security Sector Governance." side 101–27 i <i>Entry-points to Palestinian Security Sector Reform</i>, redigert av R. Friedrich og A. Luethold. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9789292220617" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-9-292-22061-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kass & O'Neill, side 268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2284055.stm">«Profile: Hamas commander Mohammed Deif»</a>. BBC News. 26. september 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AIzz+ad-Din+al-Qassam-brigadene&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Hamas+commander+Mohammed+Deif&rft.date=2002-09-26&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F2284055.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam-brigadene&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="arabisk">(ar)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alqassam.ps/">Offisielt nettsted</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p856"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475112?uselang=nb#P856" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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