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href="#Under_Italian_rule_(1871–1929)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Under Italian rule (1871–1929)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_Italian_rule_(1871–1929)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lateran_treaties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lateran_treaties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Lateran treaties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lateran_treaties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Post-war history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_and_Holy_See" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_and_Holy_See"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>State and Holy See</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_and_Holy_See-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sede_vacante" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sede_vacante"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Sede vacante</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sede_vacante-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papal_nobility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papal_nobility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Papal nobility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papal_nobility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Head_of_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head_of_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Head of state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Head_of_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Government and justice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_and_public_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_and_public_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>National and public security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_and_public_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-party,_non-signatory_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-party,_non-signatory_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Non-party, non-signatory policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-party,_non-signatory_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Citizenship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistical_oddities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistical_oddities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Statistical oddities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistical_oddities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Cultural heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure_and_public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure_and_public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Infrastructure and public services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure_and_public_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure and public services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure_and_public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telecommunications_and_mass_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telecommunications_and_mass_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Telecommunications and mass media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telecommunications_and_mass_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postal_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postal_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Postal service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postal_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Recycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citation_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citation_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Citation notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citation_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vatican City</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 267 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-267" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">267 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikaanstad" title="Vatikaanstad – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vatikaanstad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AB%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9B" title="ቫቲካን ከተማ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቫቲካን ከተማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikaanriijk%C3%A2" title="Vatikaanriijkâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Vatikaanriijkâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="वेटिकन नगर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="वेटिकन नगर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faticanburg" title="Faticanburg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Faticanburg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الفاتيكان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفاتيكان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudat_d%27o_Vaticano" title="Ciudat d'o Vaticano – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ciudat d'o Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%98%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%A9%DC%A2" title="ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܘܛܝܩܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܘܛܝܩܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Վատիկան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վատիկան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A3tican" title="Vãtican – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Vãtican" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vatican" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="ভেটিকান চিটি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভেটিকান চিটি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciud%C3%A1_del_Vaticanu" title="Ciudá del Vaticanu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciudá del Vaticanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1va_Vatik%C3%A1no" title="Táva Vatikáno – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Táva Vatikáno" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="واتیکان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="واتیکان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="ভ্যাটিকান সিটি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভ্যাটিকান সিটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaticano" title="Vaticano – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vaticano" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватыкан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ватыкан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватыкан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ватыкан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="वेटिकन सिटी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वेटिकन सिटी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syudad_nin_Vaticano" title="Syudad nin Vaticano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Syudad nin Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Siti" title="Vatican Siti – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Vatican Siti" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanstod" title="Vatikanstod – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Vatikanstod" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝ་ཏི་ཀན་གྲོང་ཁྱོར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝ་ཏི་ཀན་གྲོང་ཁྱོར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keoded_ar_Vatikan" title="Keoded ar Vatikan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Keoded ar Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutat_del_Vatic%C3%A0" title="Ciutat del Vaticà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciutat del Vaticà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan_sa_Batikano" title="Dakbayan sa Batikano – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan sa Batikano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatik%C3%A1n" title="Vatikán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vatikán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_del_Vaticano" title="Ciudad del Vaticano – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Ciudad del Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhatikani" title="Vhatikani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vhatikani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A0_di_u_Vaticanu" title="Cità di u Vaticanu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cità di u Vaticanu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Fatican" title="Y Fatican – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Fatican" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanstaten" title="Vatikanstaten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vatikanstaten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لڤاتيكان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لڤاتيكان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatik%C3%A1na" title="Vatikána – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vatikána" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanstadt" title="Vatikanstadt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vatikanstadt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%AC%DE%93%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%93%DE%A9" title="ވެޓިކަން ސިޓީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވެޓިކަން ސިޓީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89%C3%A9%CA%BC_Neishoodii_Bikin" title="Ééʼ Neishoodii Bikin – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ééʼ Neishoodii Bikin" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatika%C5%84ske_m%C4%9Bsto" title="Vatikańske město – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Vatikańske město" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भ्याटिकन सिटी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भ्याटिकन सिटी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="བ་ཊི་ཀཱན་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བ་ཊི་ཀཱན་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C" title="Βατικανό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βατικανό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%C3%AA_dal_Vatic%C3%A2n" title="Sitê dal Vaticân – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Sitê dal Vaticân" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ватикан Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ватикан Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_del_Vaticano" title="Ciudad del Vaticano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciudad del Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikano" title="Vatikano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vatikano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A1_del_Vaticanu" title="Ciá del Vaticanu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ciá del Vaticanu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikano_Hiria" title="Vatikano Hiria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vatikano Hiria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Vatican City" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="واتیکان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واتیکان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vatican City" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikani%C3%B0" title="Vatikanið – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vatikanið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vatican" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatikaanst%C3%AAd" title="Fatikaanstêd – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fatikaanstêd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watikan" title="Watikan – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Watikan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A2t_dal_Vatican" title="Citât dal Vatican – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Citât dal Vatican" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathair_na_Vatac%C3%A1ine" title="Cathair na Vatacáine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cathair na Vatacáine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard-valley_yn_Phaab" title="Ard-valley yn Phaab – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ard-valley yn Phaab" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathair_na_Bhatacain" title="Cathair na Bhatacain – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cathair na Bhatacain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_do_Vaticano" title="Cidade do Vaticano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cidade do Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍀𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍀𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="व्हॅटिकन सिटी – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="व्हॅटिकन सिटी" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vatican" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%BB%D1%81%D0%BD" title="Ватикан Балһсн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ватикан Балһсн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%ED%8B%B0%EC%B9%B8_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="바티칸 시국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바티칸 시국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Vatican" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakikana" title="Wakikana – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Wakikana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Վատիկան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վատիկան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="वैटिकन सिटी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वैटिकन सिटी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanske_m%C4%9Bsto" title="Vatikanske město – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Vatikanske město" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikano" title="Vatikano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vatikano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ama_Ukwu_Vatikan" title="Ama Ukwu Vatikan – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ama Ukwu Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudad_ti_Batikano" title="Siudad ti Batikano – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Siudad ti Batikano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="ভ্যাটিকান সিটি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভ্যাটিকান সিটি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citate_Vatican" title="Citate Vatican – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Citate Vatican" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaticano" title="Vaticano – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santasiiq" title="Santasiiq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Santasiiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/EsikaPhapha" title="EsikaPhapha – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="EsikaPhapha" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indolobha_yaseVathikhani" title="Indolobha yaseVathikhani – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Indolobha yaseVathikhani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vat%C3%ADkani%C3%B0" title="Vatíkanið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vatíkanið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano" title="Città del Vaticano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Città del Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9F" title="קריית הוותיקן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קריית הוותיקן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatiika%C5%8B" title="Fatiikaŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fatiikaŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0" title="ವ್ಯಾಟಿಕನ್ ನಗರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವ್ಯಾಟಿಕನ್ ನಗರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakanbalen_ning_Batik%C3%A1nu" title="Lakanbalen ning Batikánu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Lakanbalen ning Batikánu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვატიკანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვატიკანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watikan" title="Watikan – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Watikan" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cita_Vatikan" title="Cita Vatikan – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Cita Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikani" title="Vatikani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Vatikani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikani" title="Vatikani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vatikani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Vatican" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikana" title="Vatikana – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Vatikana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vat%C3%AEkan" title="Vatîkan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Vatîkan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zit%C3%A0_dl_Vatican" title="Zità dl Vatican – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Zità dl Vatican" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivdad_del_Vatikano" title="Sivdad del Vatikano – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sivdad del Vatikano" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87" title="ນະຄອນລັດວາຕິກັງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນະຄອນລັດວາຕິກັງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikans" title="Vatikans – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Vatikans" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitas_Vaticana" title="Civitas Vaticana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Civitas Vaticana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatik%C4%81ns" title="Vatikāns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vatikāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanstad" title="Vatikanstad – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vatikanstad" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanas" title="Vatikanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vatikanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87itt%C3%A6_do_Vatican" title="Çittæ do Vatican – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Çittæ do Vatican" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaticaanstad" title="Vaticaanstad – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vaticaanstad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatik%C3%A1ni" title="Vatikáni – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Vatikáni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_Vatican" title="Site Vatican – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Site Vatican" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A0_del_Vatican" title="Cità del Vatican – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cità del Vatican" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatik%C3%A1n" title="Vatikán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vatikán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भ्याटिकन सिटी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भ्याटिकन सिटी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatik%C3%A0na" title="Vatikàna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vatikàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വത്തിക്കാൻ നഗരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വത്തിക്കാൻ നഗരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_tal-Vatikan" title="Belt tal-Vatikan – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Belt tal-Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poho_o_Pita" title="Poho o Pita – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Poho o Pita" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="व्हॅटिकन सिटी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हॅटिकन सिटी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვატიკანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვატიკანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مدينة الڤاتيكان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينة الڤاتيكان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="واتیکان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="واتیکان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯚꯦꯇꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯚꯦꯇꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaticano" title="Vaticano – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Vaticano" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baticano" title="Baticano – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Baticano" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="ဗာတီကန်စီးတီး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗာတီကန်စီးတီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaticaanstad" title="Vaticaanstad – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vaticaanstad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikaanstad" title="Vatikaanstad – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vatikaanstad" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भ्याटिकन सिटी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भ्याटिकन सिटी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%81%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3" title="バチカン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バチカン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A0_d%27%27o_Vaticano" title="Cità d''o Vaticano – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cità d''o Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watikaanst%C3%A4%C3%A4d" title="Watikaanstääd – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Watikaanstääd" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watikan_Sitii" title="Watikan Sitii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Watikan Sitii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanstaten" title="Vatikanstaten – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vatikanstaten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanstaten" title="Vatikanstaten – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vatikanstaten" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Vatican" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan_Urbe" title="Vatikan Urbe – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Vatikan Urbe" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vatican" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaatikaan" title="Vaatikaan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Vaatikaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0" title="ਵੈਟੀਕਨ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੈਟੀਕਨ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="वैटिकन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="वैटिकन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanstadt" title="Vatikanstadt – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Vatikanstadt" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyudad_na_Vatikano" title="Siyudad na Vatikano – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Siyudad na Vatikano" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86" title="ویٹیکن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ویٹیکن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="ဗာတီကန်သီးတီး – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဗာတီကန်သီးတီး" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudad_Vatikano" title="Siudad Vatikano – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Siudad Vatikano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="واتیکان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="واتیکان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan_Siti" title="Vatikan Siti – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Vatikan Siti" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="វ៉ាទីកង់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វ៉ាទីកង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Vatican" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%C3%A0_d%C3%ABl_Vatican" title="Sità dël Vatican – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sità dël Vatican" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikaanstad" title="Vatikaanstad – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vatikaanstad" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watykan" title="Watykan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Watykan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C" title="Βατικανό – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Βατικανό" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaticano" title="Vaticano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vatican" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Vatican" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citad_dal_Vatican" title="Citad dal Vatican – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Citad dal Vatican" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watikanu_llaqta" title="Watikanu llaqta – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Watikanu llaqta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватікан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ватікан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикаан – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ватикаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-ti-kan" title="Fan-ti-kan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Fan-ti-kan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aai_o_Vatikana" title="Aai o Vatikana – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Aai o Vatikana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="वैटिकन – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वैटिकन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱵᱷᱮᱴᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱷᱮᱴᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ویٹیکن سٹی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ویٹیکن سٹی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitade_de_su_Vaticanu" title="Tzitade de su Vaticanu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tzitade de su Vaticanu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Ceety" title="Vatican Ceety – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vatican Ceety" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikoanst%C3%A4%C3%A4d" title="Vatikoanstääd – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Vatikoanstääd" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Vatican City" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikani" title="Vatikani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vatikani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citati_d%C3%BB_Vaticanu" title="Citati dû Vaticanu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Citati dû Vaticanu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="වතිකානුව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වතිකානුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vatican City" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="ويٽيڪن سٽي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ويٽيڪن سٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVathikhi" title="IVathikhi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IVathikhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatik%C3%A1n" title="Vatikán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vatikán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Ватиканъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ватиканъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watykan" title="Watykan – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Watykan" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faatikan" title="Faatikan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Faatikan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڤاتیکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤاتیکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presi_fu_Vatikanikondre" title="Presi fu Vatikanikondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Presi fu Vatikanikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikaani" title="Vatikaani – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vatikaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanstaten" title="Vatikanstaten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vatikanstaten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Vaticano" title="Lungsod ng Vaticano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lungsod ng Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="வத்திக்கான் நகர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வத்திக்கான் நகர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afatikan" title="Afatikan – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Afatikan" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetate_d%27u_Vaticane" title="Cetate d'u Vaticane – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Cetate d'u Vaticane" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="ဝႃႇတီႇၵၼ်ႇသီးတီး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဝႃႇတီႇၵၼ်ႇသီးတီး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="వాటికన్ నగరం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వాటికన్ నగరం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikanu" title="Vatikanu – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Vatikanu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="นครรัฐวาติกัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นครรัฐวาติกัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вотикон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вотикон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolo_Vatikani" title="Kolo Vatikani – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kolo Vatikani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%AA%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%82_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A%E1%8E%B2" title="ᏪᏗᎧᏂ ᎦᏚᎲ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏪᏗᎧᏂ ᎦᏚᎲ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watikan" title="Watikan – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Watikan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ватикан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ویٹیکن سٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویٹیکن سٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="ۋاتىكان شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋاتىكان شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vatican" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%C3%A0_del_Vategan" title="Sità del Vategan – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sità del Vategan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_Vatican" title="Thành Vatican – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thành Vatican" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatik%C3%A4n" title="Vatikän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vatikän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1" title="梵蒂岡 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="梵蒂岡" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaticoanstad" title="Vaticoanstad – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vaticoanstad" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syudad_han_Vaticano" title="Syudad han Vaticano – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Syudad han Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watikaa" title="Watikaa – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Watikaa" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="梵蒂冈" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vatican City" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9F" title="וואטיקאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואטיקאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cl%C3%BA_Fatikan" title="Ìlú Fatikan – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìlú Fatikan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1" title="梵蒂岡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="梵蒂岡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" 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data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watikan" title="Watikan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Watikan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" 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photos, and other data for this location">41.90250°N 12.45250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.90250; 12.45250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle"><span class="cdx-fr-css-icon-review--status--stable"></span><b>Checked</b></indicator></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-autoreview" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#pending" title="All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users"><img alt="Page protected with pending changes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" 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class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2><p class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">This is an accepted version of this page</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
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For the city-state's government, see <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Vatican City State</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Stato della Città del Vaticano</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Status Civitatis Vaticanae</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Vatican City"><img alt="Flag of Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vatican_City" title="Flag of Vatican City">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Vatican City"><img alt="Coat of arms of Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City" title="Coat of arms of Vatican City">Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Anthem" title="Pontifical Anthem">Inno e Marcia Pontificale</a></i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span><br />"Pontifical Anthem and March"<div style="padding-top:0.5em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> </div></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="194" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg&lang=it&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="it" label="italiano ‪(it)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg&lang=la&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="la" label="Latina ‪(la)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg&lang=ml&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ml" label="മലയാളം ‪(ml)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Inno_e_Marcia_Pontificale.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption>noicon</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>National Seal</b><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Sigillo dello Stato della Città del Vaticano</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Sigillum Status Civitatis Vaticanae</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span></li></ul></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City#Judiciary" title="Politics of Vatican City">National Seal of Vatican City</a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_State_of_Vatican_City.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Seal_of_the_State_of_Vatican_City.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Vatican_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Seal_of_the_State_of_Vatican_City.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Vatican_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Seal_of_the_State_of_Vatican_City.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Vatican_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatican_Europe_Location.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vatican_Europe_Location.svg/250px-Vatican_Europe_Location.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vatican_Europe_Location.svg/375px-Vatican_Europe_Location.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vatican_Europe_Location.svg/500px-Vatican_Europe_Location.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data">Vatican City (<a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>)<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vatican_City&params=41_54.2_N_12_27.2_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°54.2′N</span> <span class="longitude">12°27.2′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.9033°N 12.4533°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.9033; 12.4533</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Language">Italian</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Visiting_The_Vatican_2023_x452_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visiting_The_Vatican_2023_x452-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">National language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> (<i>de jure</i>) <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> (<i>de facto</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None (de jure)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Vatican (de facto)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocratic</a> Catholic <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective absolute monarchy</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-factbook_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereign entity</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Pietro Parolin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">President of the Governorate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_V%C3%A9rgez_Alzaga" title="Fernando Vérgez Alzaga">Fernando Vérgez Alzaga</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Pontifical Commission</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Independence <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">from the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Kingdom of the Franks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Pepin" title="Donation of Pepin">Donation of Pepin</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">754 (1270 years ago)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 February 1929 (95 years ago)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vatican_City" title="Geography of Vatican City">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.49<sup id="cite_ref-area_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (0.19 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">195th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Vatican_City" title="Demographics of Vatican City">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">764<sup id="cite_ref-population_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">234th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,559/km<sup>2</sup> (4,037.8/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2021 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">€14,859,970</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">€19,450.22</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+1</span> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2</span> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Vatican_City" title="Telephone numbers in Vatican City">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Vatican_City" title="Telephone numbers in Vatican City">+379</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:VA" title="ISO 3166-2:VA">VA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.va" title=".va">.va</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website"><b>Website</b><br /><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/en/">Vaticanstate.va</a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Vatican City</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatikanische_Gaerten_Museen_Rom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Vatikanische_Gaerten_Museen_Rom.jpg/220px-Vatikanische_Gaerten_Museen_Rom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Vatikanische_Gaerten_Museen_Rom.jpg/330px-Vatikanische_Gaerten_Museen_Rom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Vatikanische_Gaerten_Museen_Rom.jpg/440px-Vatikanische_Gaerten_Museen_Rom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="786" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Vatican City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: i, ii, iv, vi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/286">286</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1984 (8th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vatican City</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/32\/En-us-Vatican_City.ogg\/En-us-Vatican_City.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Vatican City.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-us-Vatican_City.ogg/En-us-Vatican_City.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Vatican_City.ogg" title="File:En-us-Vatican City.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>), officially the <b>Vatican City State</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Stato della Città del Vaticano</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Status Civitatis Vaticanae</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a landlocked <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign country</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microstate" title="Microstate">microstate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">enclave</a> surrounded by, and historically a part of, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome, Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became independent from Italy in 1929 with the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a>, and is a distinct <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territory</a> under "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction" of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, which is itself a <a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_Holy_See" title="Legal status of the Holy See">sovereign entity under international law</a>, maintaining the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_of_the_Holy_See" title="Temporal power of the Holy See">city-state's temporal power</a>, governance, diplomatic, and spiritual independence. The Vatican is also a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>, the Holy See, and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lateran_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lateran-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With an area of 49 hectares (121 acres)<sup id="cite_ref-area_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a population of about 764<sup id="cite_ref-population_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as of 2023), it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">smallest state in the world both by area</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">by population</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_capitals_by_population" title="List of national capitals by population">second-least populated capital</a> in the world. As governed by the Holy See, Vatican City State is an <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">ecclesiastical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sacerdotal_state" title="Sacerdotal state">sacerdotal</a>-<a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchical</a> state ruled by the Pope, who is the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">bishop of Rome</a> and head of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pages_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pages-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest state functionaries are all <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Catholic clergy</a> of various origins. After the <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a> (1309–1377) the popes have mainly resided at the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a> within what is now Vatican City, although at times residing instead in the <a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Palace" title="Quirinal Palace">Quirinal Palace</a> in Rome or elsewhere. </p><p>The Holy See dates back to early Christianity and is the principal <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">episcopal see</a> of the Catholic Church, which has approximately 1.329 billion baptised <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> in the world as of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> and 23 <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The independent state of Vatican City, on the other hand, came into existence on 11 February 1929 by the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a> between the Holy See and Italy, which spoke of it as a new creation,<sup id="cite_ref-Preamble_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preamble-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not as a vestige of the much larger <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> (756–1870), which had previously encompassed much of <a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central Italy</a>. </p><p>Vatican City contains religious and cultural sites such as <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican Apostolic Library</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a>. They feature some of the world's most famous paintings and sculptures. The unique <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vatican_City" title="Economy of Vatican City">economy of Vatican City</a> is supported financially by donations from Catholic believers, by the sale of <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamps</a> and souvenirs, fees for admission to museums, and sales of publications. Vatican City has no taxes, and items are duty-free. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Vatican_City" class="extiw" title="wikt:Vatican City">Vatican City</a></i> was first used in the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a>, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city-state named after <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Hill" title="Vatican Hill">Vatican Hill</a>, the geographic location of the state within the city of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. "Vatican" itself is derived from the name of an <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> settlement, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vatica</i></span> or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vaticum</i></span>, located in the general area the Romans called <i><a href="/wiki/Ager_Vaticanus" title="Ager Vaticanus">Ager Vaticanus</a></i>, "Vatican territory".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> name of the city is <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Città del Vaticano</i></span> or, more formally, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Stato della Città del Vaticano</i></span>, meaning 'Vatican City State'. Its <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> name is <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Status Civitatis Vaticanae</i></span></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this is used in official documents by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, the Church and the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Papacy">History of the Papacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holy_See#History" title="Holy See">Holy See § History</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obelisk_of_St._Peter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Obelisk_of_St._Peter.jpg/180px-Obelisk_of_St._Peter.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Obelisk_of_St._Peter.jpg/270px-Obelisk_of_St._Peter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Obelisk_of_St._Peter.jpg/360px-Obelisk_of_St._Peter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2395" data-file-height="5329" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Vatican_obelisk" title="Vatican obelisk">Vatican obelisk</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a> was brought to Rome from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> by <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The name "Vatican" was already in use in the time of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> for the <i><a href="/wiki/Ager_Vaticanus" title="Ager Vaticanus">Ager Vaticanus</a></i>, a marshy area on the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a> across from the city of Rome, located between the <a href="/wiki/Janiculum" title="Janiculum">Janiculum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Hill" title="Vatican Hill">Vatican Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monte_Mario" title="Monte Mario">Monte Mario</a>, down to the <a href="/wiki/Aventine_Hill" title="Aventine Hill">Aventine Hill</a> and up to the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Cremera" title="Cremera">Cremera</a> creek.<sup id="cite_ref-Liverani_2016_21_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liverani_2016_21-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The toponym <i>Ager Vaticanus</i> is attested until the 1st century AD: afterwards, another toponym appeared, <i>Vaticanus</i>, denoting an area much more restricted: the Vatican Hill, today's <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a>, and possibly today's <a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Liverani_2016_21_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liverani_2016_21-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of its vicinity to Rome's archenemy, the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Veii" title="Veii">Veii</a> (another naming for the <i>Ager Vaticanus</i> was <i>Ripa Veientana</i> or <i>Ripa Etrusca</i>), and for being subjected to the floods of the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a>, the Romans considered this originally uninhabited part of Rome dismal and ominous.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The particularly low quality of Vatican wine, even after the reclamation of the area, was commented on by the poet <a href="/wiki/Martial" title="Martial">Martial</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a> 40 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> AD 102).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> wrote that in AD 69, the <a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Four_Emperors" title="Year of the Four Emperors">Year of the Four Emperors</a>, when the northern army that brought <a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a> to power arrived in Rome, "a large proportion camped in the unhealthy districts of the Vatican, which resulted in many deaths among the common soldiery; and the Tiber being close by, the inability of the <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a> and Germans to bear the heat and the consequent greed with which they drank from the stream weakened their bodies, which were already an easy prey to disease".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_of_Circus_Neronis_and_St._Peters.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Plan_of_Circus_Neronis_and_St._Peters.gif/220px-Plan_of_Circus_Neronis_and_St._Peters.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Plan_of_Circus_Neronis_and_St._Peters.gif/330px-Plan_of_Circus_Neronis_and_St._Peters.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Plan_of_Circus_Neronis_and_St._Peters.gif/440px-Plan_of_Circus_Neronis_and_St._Peters.gif 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>An early interpretation of the relative locations of the circus, and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Saint Peter's Basilica">medieval</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="St Peter's Basilica">current</a> Basilicas of St. Peter</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Circus_of_Nero.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Circus_of_Nero.png/220px-Circus_of_Nero.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Circus_of_Nero.png/330px-Circus_of_Nero.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Circus_of_Nero.png/440px-Circus_of_Nero.png 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption>One possible modern interpretation<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, many villas were constructed there, after <a href="/wiki/Agrippina_the_Elder" title="Agrippina the Elder">Agrippina the Elder</a> (14 BC – 18 October AD 33) drained the area and laid out her gardens in the early 1st century AD. In AD 40, her son, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a> (31 August AD 12 – 24 January AD 41; r. 37–41) built in her gardens a circus for charioteers (AD 40) that was later completed by <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>, the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Circus Gaii et Neronis</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually called, simply, the <a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vatican_obelisk" title="Vatican obelisk">Vatican obelisk</a> in St. Peter's Square is the last visible remnant from the <a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a>. It was brought from <a href="/wiki/Heliopolis_(Ancient_Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliopolis (Ancient Egypt)">Heliopolis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Egypt</a> by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>. The obelisk originally stood at the centre of the <i>spina</i> (<a href="/wiki/Median_strip" title="Median strip">median</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_circus" title="Roman circus">Roman circus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The circus became the site of martyrdom for many Christians after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Rome" title="Great Fire of Rome">Great Fire of Rome</a> in AD 64. Tradition states that it was in this circus that <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a> was <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_St._Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of St. Peter">crucified upside-down</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1586, the obelisk was relocated to its current position by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Pope Sixtus V</a> using a method devised by Italian architect <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tafur_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tafur-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opposite the circus was a cemetery separated by the <a href="/wiki/Via_Cornelia" title="Via Cornelia">Via Cornelia</a>. Funeral monuments and mausoleums, and small tombs, as well as altars to pagan gods of all kinds of polytheistic religions, were constructed lasting until before the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Constantinian_Basilica_of_St._Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinian Basilica of St. Peter">Constantinian Basilica of St. Peter</a> in the first half of the 4th century. A shrine dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Phrygians" title="Phrygians">Phrygian</a> goddess <a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a> and her consort <a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a> remained active long after the ancient Basilica of St. Peter was built nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remains of this ancient <a href="/wiki/List_of_necropoleis" title="List of necropoleis">necropolis</a> were brought to light sporadically during renovations by various popes throughout the centuries, increasing in frequency during the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> until it was systematically excavated by orders of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> from 1939 to 1941. The Constantinian basilica was built in 326 over what was believed to be the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_tomb" title="Saint Peter's tomb">tomb of Saint Peter</a>, buried in that cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From then on, the land mass became more populated in connection with activity at the basilica. A palace was constructed nearby as early as the 5th century during the pontificate of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Pope Symmachus</a> (reigned <a href="/wiki/498" title="498">498</a>–<a href="/wiki/514" title="514">514</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papal_States">Papal States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Papal States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Papacy">History of the Papacy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1796.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Italy_1796.svg/170px-Italy_1796.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Italy_1796.svg/255px-Italy_1796.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Italy_1796.svg/340px-Italy_1796.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="4200" /></a><figcaption>The Italian peninsula in 1796. The Papal States in central Italy are coloured purple.</figcaption></figure> <p>Popes gradually came to have a secular role as governors of regions near Rome. They ruled the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, which covered a large portion of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian peninsula</a>, for more than a thousand years until the mid-19th century, when all the territory belonging to the papacy was seized by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">newly created</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>. </p><p>For most of this time, the popes did not live at the Vatican. The <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a>, on the opposite side of Rome, was their habitual residence for about a thousand years. From 1309 to 1377, they lived at <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> in France. On their return to Rome, they chose to live at the Vatican. They moved to the <a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Palace" title="Quirinal Palace">Quirinal Palace</a> in 1583, after work on it was completed under <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_V" title="Pope Paul V">Pope Paul V</a> (1605–1621), but on the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">capture of Rome</a> in 1870 retired to the Vatican, and what had been their residence became that of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_Italian_rule_(1871–1929)"><span id="Under_Italian_rule_.281871.E2.80.931929.29"></span>Under Italian rule (1871–1929)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Under Italian rule (1871–1929)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Question">Roman Question</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>, the Pope's holdings were left in an uncertain situation when <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Rome itself was annexed</a> by Italian forces, thus bringing to completion the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a>, after a nominal resistance by the papal forces. Between 1861 and 1929 the status of the Pope was referred to as the "Roman Question". </p><p>Italy made no attempt to interfere with the Holy See within the Vatican walls. However, it confiscated church property in many places. In 1871, the Quirinal Palace was confiscated by the King of Italy and became the royal palace. Thereafter, the popes resided undisturbed within the Vatican walls, and certain papal prerogatives were recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Guarantees" title="Law of Guarantees">Law of Guarantees</a>, including the right to send and receive ambassadors. But the Popes did not recognise the Italian king's right to rule in Rome, and they refused to leave the Vatican compound until the dispute was resolved in 1929; <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> (1846–1878), the last ruler of the Papal States, was referred to as a "<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_in_the_Vatican" title="Prisoner in the Vatican">prisoner in the Vatican</a>". Forced to give up secular power, the popes focused on spiritual issues.<sup id="cite_ref-World_History_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_History-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lateran_treaties">Lateran treaties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lateran treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></div> <p>This situation was resolved on 11 February 1929, when the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a> between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy was signed by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister and Head of Government</a> <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> on behalf of King <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III" title="Victor Emmanuel III">Victor Emmanuel III</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Gasparri" title="Pietro Gasparri">Pietro Gasparri</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Preamble_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preamble-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lateran_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lateran-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treaty, which became effective on 7 June 1929, established the independent state of Vatican City and reaffirmed the special status of Catholic Christianity in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Statute_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statute-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican City in World War II">Vatican City in World War II</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA16179.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA16179.jpg/220px-The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA16179.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA16179.jpg/330px-The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA16179.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA16179.jpg/440px-The_British_Army_in_Italy_1944_NA16179.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption>Musicians of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_Second_World_War" title="British Army during the Second World War">British Army</a>'s <a href="/wiki/38th_(Irish)_Brigade" title="38th (Irish) Brigade">38th (Irish) Brigade</a> playing in front of <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> in June 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>The Holy See, which governed the Vatican City, pursued a policy of neutrality during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>. Although <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> troops occupied Rome after the September 1943 <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> forces pushing them out in 1944, both sides respected the Vatican City's status as <a href="/wiki/Neutral_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral territory">neutral territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the main diplomatic priorities of Pius XII was to prevent the bombing of the city; a high level of sensitivity led him to protest even the dropping of pamphlets over Rome by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>, claiming that the few which landed within the Vatican City violated its neutrality.<sup id="cite_ref-Chadwick1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chadwick1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British government's policy towards the Vatican, as expressed in the minutes of a Cabinet meeting, was "that we should on no account molest the Vatican City, but that our action as regards the rest of Rome would depend upon how far the Italian government observed the rules of war".<sup id="cite_ref-Chadwick1_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chadwick1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the United States entered into the war, US officials were against bombing the Vatican City, fearful of offending Catholic members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">American military</a>, but said that "they could not stop the British from bombing Rome if the British so decided". The US military even exempted Catholic servicemembers from air raids on Rome and other areas with a significant Catholic presence, unless they voluntarily agreed to participate. Notably, with the exception of Rome, and presumably the possibility of the Vatican, no Catholic US servicemember refused a mission within German-held Italy. On the other hand, the British insisted "they would bomb Rome whenever the needs of the war demanded".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1942, the British envoy to the Holy See suggested that Rome be declared an <a href="/wiki/Open_city" title="Open city">open city</a>, a suggestion that the Holy See took more seriously than was probably meant by the envoy, who did not want Rome to be an open city, but Mussolini rejected the suggestion when the Holy See put it to him. In connection with the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a>, 500 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> aircraft <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Rome_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Rome in World War II">bombed Rome on 19 July 1943</a>, targeting the city's railway hub in particular. Approximately 1,500 people were killed, and Pius XII, who had been described in the previous month as "worried sick" about the possibility of Rome being bombed, toured the affected areas. Another Allied bombing raid took place on 13 August 1943, after Mussolini had been <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">ousted from power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the following day, the new Italian government declared Rome an open city, after consulting the Holy See on the wording of the declaration.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_history">Post-war history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-war history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Peter%27s_Square,_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg/240px-St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg/360px-St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg/480px-St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2359" /></a><figcaption>View of St. Peter's Square from the top of Michelangelo's dome</figcaption></figure> <p>Pius XII had refrained from creating <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinals</a> during the war. By the end of World War II, there were several prominent vacancies: <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camerlengo_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" title="Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church">Camerlengo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church">Chancellor</a>, and Prefect for the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life_and_Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life">Congregation for the Religious</a> among them.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pius XII <a href="/wiki/Cardinals_created_by_Pope_Pius_XII_in_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinals created by Pope Pius XII in 1946">created 32 cardinals in early 1946</a>, having announced his intention to do so in his preceding Christmas message. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Military_in_Vatican_City" title="Military in Vatican City">Pontifical Military Corps</a>, except for the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a>, was disbanded by the will of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a>, as expressed in a letter of 14 September 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-Vatican_State_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican_State-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">Gendarmerie Corps</a> was transformed into a civilian <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a> and security force. </p><p>In 1984, a new <a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">concordat</a> between the Holy See and Italy modified certain provisions of the earlier treaty, including the position of Catholic Christianity as the Italian state religion, a position given to it by a statute of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> of 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-Statute_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statute-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction in 1995 of a new guest house, <a href="/wiki/Domus_Sanctae_Marthae" title="Domus Sanctae Marthae">Domus Sanctae Marthae</a>, adjacent to St Peter's Basilica was criticized by Italian environmental groups, backed by Italian politicians. They claimed the new building would block views of the Basilica from nearby Italian apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-guest_house_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guest_house-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a short while the plans strained the relations between the Vatican and the Italian government. The head of the Vatican's Department of Technical Services robustly rejected challenges to the Vatican State's right to build within its borders.<sup id="cite_ref-guest_house_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guest_house-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John R. Morss writes in the <i><a href="/wiki/European_Journal_of_International_Law" title="European Journal of International Law">European Journal of International Law</a></i> that due to the terms of the Lateran Treaty, Vatican City's status as a sovereign state, and the <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope</a>'s status as a head of state, are problematic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vatican_City" title="Geography of Vatican City">Geography of Vatican City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatican_City_map_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vatican_City_map_EN.svg/500px-Vatican_City_map_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vatican_City_map_EN.svg/750px-Vatican_City_map_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vatican_City_map_EN.svg/1000px-Vatican_City_map_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1070" /></a><figcaption>Map of Vatican City, highlighting notable buildings and the Vatican gardens</figcaption></figure> <p>The name "Vatican" was already in use in the time of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> for the <i><a href="/wiki/Ager_Vaticanus" title="Ager Vaticanus">Ager Vaticanus</a></i>, a marshy area on the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a> across from the city of Rome, located between the <a href="/wiki/Janiculum" title="Janiculum">Janiculum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Hill" title="Vatican Hill">Vatican Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monte_Mario" title="Monte Mario">Monte Mario</a>, down to the <a href="/wiki/Aventine_Hill" title="Aventine Hill">Aventine Hill</a> and up to the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Cremera" title="Cremera">Cremera</a> creek.<sup id="cite_ref-Liverani_2016_21_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liverani_2016_21-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territory of Vatican City is part of the Vatican Hill, and of the adjacent former Vatican Fields. It is in this territory that <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a>, and museums were built, along with various other buildings. The area was part of the Roman <i><a href="/wiki/Rione" class="mw-redirect" title="Rione">rione</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Borgo_(rione_of_Rome)" title="Borgo (rione of Rome)">Borgo</a> until 1929. Being separated from the city, on the west bank of the river Tiber, the area was an outcrop of the city that was protected by being included within the walls of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a> (847–855), and later expanded by the current fortification walls, built under <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Paul III</a> (1534–1549), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pius IV</a> (1559–1565), and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Urban VIII</a> (1623–1644).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatican_City_annex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Vatican_City_annex.jpg/220px-Vatican_City_annex.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Vatican_City_annex.jpg/330px-Vatican_City_annex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Vatican_City_annex.jpg/440px-Vatican_City_annex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption>Territory of Vatican City State according to the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a> of 1929 that gave the state its form was being prepared, the boundaries of the proposed territory were influenced by the fact that much of it was all but enclosed by this loop. For some tracts of the frontier, there was no wall, but the line of certain buildings supplied part of the boundary, and for a small part of the frontier a modern wall was constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The territory includes <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a>, distinguished from the territory of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> only by a white line along the limit of the square, where it touches Piazza Pio XII. St. Peter's Square is reached through the <a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a> which runs from close to the Tiber to St. Peter's. This grand approach was constructed by <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> after the conclusion of the Lateran Treaty. </p><p>According to the Lateran Treaty, certain <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">properties of the Holy See</a> that are located in Italian territory, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Papal_Palace_of_Castel_Gandolfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo">Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">major basilicas</a>, enjoy extraterritorial status similar to that of foreign <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">embassies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-treaty_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treaty-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-treaty_text_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treaty_text-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These properties, scattered all over Rome and Italy, house essential offices and institutions necessary to the character and mission of the Holy See.<sup id="cite_ref-treaty_text_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treaty_text-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Castel Gandolfo and the named basilicas are patrolled internally by <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">police agents of Vatican City State</a> and not by <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Italian police</a>. According to the Lateran Treaty (Art. 3) St. Peter's Square, up to but not including the steps leading to the basilica, is normally patrolled by the Italian police.<sup id="cite_ref-treaty_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treaty-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are no passport controls for visitors entering Vatican City from the surrounding Italian territory. There is free public access to Saint Peter's Square and Basilica and, on the occasion of papal general audiences, to the hall in which they are held. For these audiences and for major ceremonies in Saint Peter's Basilica and Square, tickets free of charge must be obtained beforehand. <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">The Vatican Museums</a>, incorporating the Sistine Chapel, usually charge an entrance fee. There is no general public access to the gardens, but guided tours for small groups can be arranged to the gardens and excavations under the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">basilica</a>. Other places are open to only those individuals who have business to transact there.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:818px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pano-P7264747-P7264763_(3189867).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Peter's Square, the basilica and obelisk, from Piazza Pio XII"><img alt="St. Peter's Square, the basilica and obelisk, from Piazza Pio XII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pano-P7264747-P7264763_%283189867%29.jpg/810px-Pano-P7264747-P7264763_%283189867%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="810" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pano-P7264747-P7264763_%283189867%29.jpg/1215px-Pano-P7264747-P7264763_%283189867%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pano-P7264747-P7264763_%283189867%29.jpg/1620px-Pano-P7264747-P7264763_%283189867%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8022" data-file-height="2277" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pano-P7264747-P7264763_(3189867).jpg" title="File:Pano-P7264747-P7264763 (3189867).jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">St. Peter's Square, the basilica and obelisk, from Piazza Pio XII</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vatican City's climate is the same as Rome's: a <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">Csa</a></i> with mild, rainy winters from October to mid-May and hot, dry summers from May to September. Some minor local features, principally mists and dews, are caused by the anomalous bulk of St Peter's Basilica, the elevation, the fountains, and the size of the large paved square. The highest temperature ever recorded was 40.8 °C (105.4 °F), on 28 June 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Vatican City <i>(data of Aeroporto Roma-Ciampino "Giovan Battista Pastine")</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.8<br />(105.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.7<br />(105.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.8<br />(105.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.0<br />(12.2) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.6<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−11.0<br />(12.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #56FF56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113<br />(4.4) </td> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115<br />(4.5) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">804<br />(31.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">79.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B6B65D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.9 </td> <td style="background: #C2C219; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.8 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.4 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">263.5 </td> <td style="background: #EDED08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">285.0 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">331.7 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">297.6 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237.0 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.3 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">129.0 </td> <td style="background: #B2B277; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.6 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,472.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/noaa-earth-had-its-third-warmest-year-record-2017">https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/noaa-earth-had-its-third-warmest-year-record-2017</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://weatherspark.com/h/y/71896/2022/Historical-Weather-during-2022-in-Vatican-City">https://weatherspark.com/h/y/71896/2022/Historical-Weather-during-2022-in-Vatican-City</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>In July 2007, the Vatican accepted a proposal by two firms based respectively in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereby it would become the first <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon neutral</a> state by offsetting its <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions" title="List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions">carbon dioxide emissions</a> with the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Climate_Forest" title="Vatican Climate Forest">Vatican Climate Forest</a> in Hungary,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a purely symbolic gesture<sup id="cite_ref-CN070713_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CN070713-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to encourage <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> to do more to safeguard the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nothing came of the project.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 November 2008, the Vatican itself put into effect a plan announced in May 2007 to cover the roof of the <a href="/wiki/Paul_VI_Audience_Hall" title="Paul VI Audience Hall">Paul VI Audience Hall</a> with <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gardens">Gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Vatican_City" title="Gardens of Vatican City">Gardens of Vatican City</a></div> <p>Within the territory of Vatican City are the <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Vatican_City" title="Gardens of Vatican City">Vatican Gardens</a> (Italian: <i lang="it">Giardini Vaticani</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-VaticanMap_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VaticanMap-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which account for about half of this territory. The gardens, established during the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> era, are decorated with fountains and sculptures. </p><p>The gardens cover approximately 23 hectares (57 acres). The highest point is 60 metres (197 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above mean sea level</a>. Stone walls bound the area in the north, south, and west. </p><p>The gardens date back to medieval times when orchards and vineyards extended to the north of the Papal <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pellegrino_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pellegrino-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1279, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_III" title="Pope Nicholas III">Pope Nicholas III</a> (Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, 1277–1280) moved his residence back to the Vatican from the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a> and enclosed this area with walls.<sup id="cite_ref-Vatican_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He planted an orchard (<i>pomerium</i>), a lawn (<i>pratellum</i>), and a garden (<i>viridarium</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Vatican_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:903px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatican_panorama_from_St._Peters_Basilica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of the gardens viewed from St. Peter's Basilica"><img alt="A panorama of gardens and several buildings viewed from St. Peter's Basilica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Vatican_panorama_from_St._Peters_Basilica.jpg/895px-Vatican_panorama_from_St._Peters_Basilica.jpg" decoding="async" width="895" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Vatican_panorama_from_St._Peters_Basilica.jpg/1343px-Vatican_panorama_from_St._Peters_Basilica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Vatican_panorama_from_St._Peters_Basilica.jpg/1790px-Vatican_panorama_from_St._Peters_Basilica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8137" data-file-height="2182" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatican_panorama_from_St._Peters_Basilica.jpg" title="File:Vatican panorama from St. Peters Basilica.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Panorama of the gardens viewed from St. Peter's Basilica</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Politics of Vatican City</a></div> <p>The politics of Vatican City takes place in the context of an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute</a> <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective monarchy</a> and being governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, in which the head of the Catholic Church holds power. The Pope exercises principal legislative, executive, and judicial power over the State of Vatican City, which is a rare case of a non-hereditary monarchy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_and_Holy_See">State and Holy See</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: State and Holy See"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vatican City State, created in 1929 by the Lateran Pacts, provides the Holy See with a temporal jurisdiction and independence within a small territory. It is distinct from the Holy See. The state can thus be deemed a significant but not essential instrument of the Holy See. The Holy See itself has existed continuously as a juridical entity since Roman Imperial times and has been internationally recognised as a powerful and independent sovereign entity since <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a> to the present, without interruption even at times when it was deprived of territory (e.g. 1870 to 1929). </p><p>Vatican City is one of the few widely recognised independent states that has not become a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Holy See, which is distinct from Vatican City State, has <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">permanent observer status</a>, with all the rights of a full member except for a vote in the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pontificate" title="Pontificate">Pontificate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_(2021).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_%282021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="1279" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> in Vatican City, 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>The government of Vatican City has a unique structure. As governed by the Holy See, the Pope is the sovereign of the state, but he is supported by different bodies. While legislative authority is also managed, in the Pope's name, by the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State</a>, a body of cardinals appointed by the Pope for five-year periods, executive power is exercised by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">president of that commission</a> (who is consequently also the President of the Governorate), assisted by the General Secretary and the Deputy General Secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state's foreign relations are entrusted to the Holy See's <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a> and diplomatic service. </p><p>Nevertheless, the Pope has absolute power in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches over Vatican City,<sup id="cite_ref-Vatican_City_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican_City-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is thus the only absolute monarch in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Operationally, there are departments that deal with health, security, telecommunications and other matters.<sup id="cite_ref-Vatican_City_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican_City-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sede_vacante">Sede vacante</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sede vacante"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Camerlengo_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" title="Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church">Cardinal Camerlengo</a> presides over the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a>, to which is entrusted the administration of the property and protection of other <a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_(papal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal power (papal)">papal temporal powers and rights</a> of the Holy See during the period of the empty throne or <a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">sede vacante</a> (papal vacancy).<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those of the Vatican State remain under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State</a>. Acting with three other cardinals chosen by lot every three days, one from each order of cardinals (<a href="/wiki/Cardinal_bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal bishop">cardinal bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal priest">cardinal priest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_deacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal deacon">cardinal deacon</a>), he in a sense performs during that period the functions of head of state of Vatican City.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the decisions these four cardinals take must be approved by the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> as a whole. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Papal_nobility">Papal nobility</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Papal nobility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Papal_nobility" title="Papal nobility">Papal nobility</a></div> <p>The nobility that was closely associated with the Holy See at the time of the Papal States continued to be associated with the Papal Court after the loss of these territories, generally with merely nominal duties (see <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Horse#Papal_Master_of_the_Horse" title="Master of the Horse">Papal Master of the Horse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Pontifical_Household" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture of the Pontifical Household">Prefecture of the Pontifical Household</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_officers_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="Hereditary officers of the Roman Curia">Hereditary officers of the Roman Curia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Nobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Nobility">Black Nobility</a>). They also formed the ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Noble_Guard" title="Noble Guard">Noble Guard</a>. In the first decades of the existence of the Vatican City State, <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive functions</a> were entrusted to some of them, including that of delegate for the State of Vatican City (now denominated president of the Commission for Vatican City). But with the <a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Pontificalis_Domus" title="Pontificalis Domus">Pontificalis Domus</a></i> of 28 March 1968,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> abolished the honorary positions that had continued to exist until then, such as <a href="/wiki/Quartermaster_general" title="Quartermaster general">Quartermaster general</a> and <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Horse" title="Master of the Horse">Master of the Horse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Head_of_state">Head of state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Head of state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sovereigns_of_the_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sovereigns of the Vatican City State">List of Sovereigns of the Vatican City State</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20070610_Rome_29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/20070610_Rome_29.jpg/220px-20070610_Rome_29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/20070610_Rome_29.jpg/330px-20070610_Rome_29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/20070610_Rome_29.jpg/440px-20070610_Rome_29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a> (<i>Palazzo Apostolico</i>), the official residence of the Pope. Here, <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a> is at the window marked by a maroon banner hanging from the windowsill at centre.</figcaption></figure> <p>As Vatican City is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, the Pope is <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio_member" title="Ex officio member"><i>ex officio</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Vatican City, a function dependent on his primordial function as bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">diocese of Rome</a> and head of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "Holy See" refers not to the Vatican state but to the Pope's spiritual and pastoral governance, largely exercised through the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His official title with regard to Vatican City is <i>Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>, born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina, was <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal conclave, 2013">elected</a> on 13 March 2013. His principal subordinate government official for Vatican City as well as the country's <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> is the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State</a>, who since 1952 exercises the functions previously belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vatican_City" title="Governor of Vatican City">Governor of Vatican City</a>. Since 2001, the president of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State also has the title of president of the Governorate of the State of Vatican City. The president is Spanish Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Fernando_V%C3%A9rgez_Alzaga" title="Fernando Vérgez Alzaga">Fernando Vérgez Alzaga</a>, who was appointed on 1 October 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_and_justice">Government and justice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Government and justice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Politics of Vatican City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vatican_City" title="Law of Vatican City">Law of Vatican City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palace_of_the_Governorate._Vatican_City_State..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Palace_of_the_Governorate._Vatican_City_State..jpg/220px-Palace_of_the_Governorate._Vatican_City_State..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Palace_of_the_Governorate._Vatican_City_State..jpg/330px-Palace_of_the_Governorate._Vatican_City_State..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Palace_of_the_Governorate._Vatican_City_State..jpg/440px-Palace_of_the_Governorate._Vatican_City_State..jpg 2x" data-file-width="5591" data-file-height="4336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Governor%27s_Palace,_Vatican" title="Governor's Palace, Vatican">Palace of the Governorate of Vatican City State</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislative</a> functions are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> but also delegated to the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State</a>, led by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State</a>. Its members are cardinals appointed by the Pope for terms of five years. <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Acts of the commission must be approved by the Pope, through the Holy See's <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and must be published in a special appendix of the <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i>. <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Most of the content of this appendix consists of routine executive decrees, such as approval for a new set of postage stamps.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive authority</a> is delegated to the President of the Governorate of Vatican City, who is also the President of the Pontificial Commission. In addition, the Governorate include two immediate collaborators of the President: the General Secretary and the Deputy General Secretary, members of the General Secretariat, <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">each appointed by the Pope for five-year terms</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Important actions of the Governorate must be confirmed by the Pontifical Commission and by the Pope through the Secretariat of State.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Both the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State</a> and the President of the Governorate of Vatican City can be assisted by the Councilors of Vatican City State in drafting <a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">legislation</a> and other important issues. The President of the Governorate can convoke the members of the Council of Directors, together with external <a href="/wiki/Expert" title="Expert">experts</a> and people. The Governorate oversees the central governmental functions through several departments and offices.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">The directors and officials of these offices are appointed by the Pope for five-year terms.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Governorate is organized into central offices (one for law and another for personnel matters) and directorates with roles in the following matters: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">Infrastructures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service">services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a> and <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">computer services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Security services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">civil protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">Health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">Museums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">cultural heritage</a></li> <li>Pontifical Villas<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There are also subsidiary bodies for <a href="/wiki/Vatican_euro_coins" title="Vatican euro coins">monetary</a>, disciplinary, personnel and personnel selection matters.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Pope's name, <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> functions (<a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vatican_City#Judiciary" title="Law of Vatican City">Vatican judiciary</a>) are exercised by four bodies: a Supreme Court, a Court of Appeal, a Tribunal and a Sole Judge, whose roles are established by the Vatican codes of criminal and civil procedure, and the 2013 "<a href="/wiki/Motu_Proprio" class="mw-redirect" title="Motu Proprio">Motu Proprio</a> On the Jurisdiction of Judicial Authorities of Vatican City State in Criminal Matters".<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Vatican's request, sentences imposed can be served in Italy (see the <a href="#Crime">section on crime</a>, below). </p><p>Due to obvious territorial constraints, many <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a> and offices of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> are located on <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> territory, but they are granted the same immunity as <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">diplomatic missions</a> thanks to the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a> and are commonly defined as "<a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">extraterritorial</a> areas".<sup id="cite_ref-geo_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geo-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_and_public_security">National and public security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: National and public security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Military_in_Vatican_City" title="Military in Vatican City">Military in Vatican City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Swiss_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Swiss Guard">Pontifical Swiss Guard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Firefighters_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State">Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20160424_035_Roma_-_Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano_-_Piazza_San_Pietro_(26436304050).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/20160424_035_Roma_-_Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano_-_Piazza_San_Pietro_%2826436304050%29.jpg/220px-20160424_035_Roma_-_Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano_-_Piazza_San_Pietro_%2826436304050%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/20160424_035_Roma_-_Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano_-_Piazza_San_Pietro_%2826436304050%29.jpg/330px-20160424_035_Roma_-_Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano_-_Piazza_San_Pietro_%2826436304050%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/20160424_035_Roma_-_Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano_-_Piazza_San_Pietro_%2826436304050%29.jpg/440px-20160424_035_Roma_-_Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano_-_Piazza_San_Pietro_%2826436304050%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>A guard of the Vatican at his sentry box</figcaption></figure> <p>As Vatican City is an enclave within Italy, its military defence is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Italian Armed Forces</a>. However, there is no formal defence treaty with Italy, as Vatican City is a <a href="/wiki/Neutral_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral state">neutral state</a>. Vatican City has no armed forces of its own, although the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a> is a military corps of the Holy See responsible for the personal security of the Pope, and residents in the state. Soldiers of the Swiss Guard are entitled to hold Vatican City State passports and nationality. Swiss <a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">mercenaries</a> were historically recruited by Popes as part of an army for the Papal States, and the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Swiss_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Swiss Guard">Pontifical Swiss Guard</a> was founded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Pope Julius II</a> on 22 January 1506 as the Pope's personal bodyguard and continues to fulfill that function. It is listed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i> under "Holy See", not under "State of Vatican City". At the end of 2005, the Guard had 134 members. Recruitment is arranged by a special agreement between the Holy See and Switzerland. All recruits must be Catholic, unmarried males with Swiss citizenship who have completed their <a href="/wiki/Basic_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic training">basic training</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Swiss Armed Forces</a> with certificates of good conduct, be between the ages of 19 and 30, and be at least 174 cm (5 ft 9 in) in height. Members are equipped with <a href="/wiki/Small_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Small arms">small arms</a> and the traditional <a href="/wiki/Halberd" title="Halberd">halberd</a> (also called the Swiss voulge), and trained in bodyguarding tactics. Together with the <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a> have roles in the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>-Vatican <a href="/wiki/Border_control" title="Border control">border control</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-geo_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geo-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Guard" title="Palatine Guard">Palatine Guard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Noble_Guard_(Vatican)" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble Guard (Vatican)">Noble Guard</a>, the last armed forces of the Vatican City State, were disbanded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-Vatican_State_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican_State-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the entire territory of Vatican City has been listed on the International Register of Cultural Property under Special Protection and, in 1984, among <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Cultural_Property_in_the_Event_of_Armed_Conflict" title="Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict">Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict</a> provides international legal protection against <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">armed conflicts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large part of the <a href="/wiki/Historical_document" title="Historical document">historical documents</a> of the very extensive <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Archive" title="Vatican Apostolic Archive">Vatican Apostolic Archive</a> is stored in the "<a href="/wiki/Bunker" title="Bunker">Bunker</a>", which was inaugurated in 1980, a two-storey <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a> <a href="/wiki/Bank_vault" title="Bank vault">vault</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Cortile_della_Pigna" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortile della Pigna">Cortile della Pigna</a>, equipped with systems for <a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">fire protection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">climate and humidity control</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Physical_security" title="Physical security">physical security</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiat_Bravo_Gendarmeria_Vaticana.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Fiat_Bravo_Gendarmeria_Vaticana.png/220px-Fiat_Bravo_Gendarmeria_Vaticana.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Fiat_Bravo_Gendarmeria_Vaticana.png/330px-Fiat_Bravo_Gendarmeria_Vaticana.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Fiat_Bravo_Gendarmeria_Vaticana.png/440px-Fiat_Bravo_Gendarmeria_Vaticana.png 2x" data-file-width="1341" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">Gendarmerie</a> car</figcaption></figure> <p>Civil defence is the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Firefighters_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State">Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State</a>, the national <a href="/wiki/Fire_brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire brigade">fire brigade</a>. Dating its origins to the early nineteenth century, the Corps in its present form was established in 1941. It is responsible for fire fighting, as well as a range of civil defence scenarios including <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">natural disaster</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mass_casualty_incident" title="Mass casualty incident">mass casualty incident</a>. The Corps is governmentally supervised through the Directorate for Security Services and Civil Defence, which is also responsible for the Gendarmerie (see below). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">Gendarmerie Corps</a> (<i>Corpo della Gendarmeria</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a>, or police and security force, of Vatican City and the <a href="/wiki/Extraterritorial_properties_of_the_Holy_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraterritorial properties of the Holy See">extraterritorial properties of the Holy See</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The corps is responsible for security, <a href="/wiki/Public_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Public order">public order</a>, <a href="/wiki/Border_control" title="Border control">border control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Road_traffic_control" title="Road traffic control">traffic control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criminal_procedure" title="Criminal procedure">criminal investigation</a>, and other general police duties in Vatican City including providing security for the Pope outside of Vatican City. The corps has 130 personnel and is a part of the Directorate for Security Services and Civil Defence (which also includes the Vatican Fire Brigade), an organ of the Governorate of Vatican City.<sup id="cite_ref-Gendarme_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gendarme-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Administrations_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Administrations-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a> is part of Vatican territory, it is normally safeguarded by <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Italian police forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-geo_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geo-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crime">Crime</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vatican_City" title="Crime in Vatican City">Crime in Vatican City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowds_in_St._Peter%27s_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Crowds_in_St._Peter%27s_Square.jpg/220px-Crowds_in_St._Peter%27s_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Crowds_in_St._Peter%27s_Square.jpg/330px-Crowds_in_St._Peter%27s_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Crowds_in_St._Peter%27s_Square.jpg/440px-Crowds_in_St._Peter%27s_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The crowds of tourists in <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a> are a target for pickpockets.</figcaption></figure> <p>Crime in Vatican City consists largely of purse snatching, <a href="/wiki/Pickpocketing" title="Pickpocketing">pickpocketing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoplifting" title="Shoplifting">shoplifting</a> by outsiders.<sup id="cite_ref-crime_rate_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crime_rate-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tourist foot-traffic in <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a> is one of the main locations for pickpockets in Vatican City.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If crimes are committed in Saint Peter's Square, the perpetrators may be arrested and tried by the Italian authorities, since that area is normally patrolled by Italian police.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the terms of article 22 of the Lateran Treaty,<sup id="cite_ref-treaty1_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treaty1-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italy will, at the request of the Holy See, punish individuals for crimes committed within Vatican City and will itself proceed against the person who committed the offence, if that person takes refuge in Italian territory. Persons accused of crimes recognised as such both in Italy and in Vatican City that are committed in Italian territory will be handed over to the Italian authorities if they take refuge in Vatican City or in buildings that enjoy immunity under the treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-treaty1_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treaty1-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vatican City has no prison system, apart from a few detention cells for pre-trial detention.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People convicted of committing crimes in the Vatican serve terms in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> prisons (<a href="/wiki/Polizia_Penitenziaria" title="Polizia Penitenziaria">Polizia Penitenziaria</a>), with costs covered by the Vatican.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign relations of the Holy See</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See">List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatican_City_-_main_entrance_with_Swiss_Guard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vatican_City_-_main_entrance_with_Swiss_Guard.jpg/220px-Vatican_City_-_main_entrance_with_Swiss_Guard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vatican_City_-_main_entrance_with_Swiss_Guard.jpg/330px-Vatican_City_-_main_entrance_with_Swiss_Guard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vatican_City_-_main_entrance_with_Swiss_Guard.jpg/440px-Vatican_City_-_main_entrance_with_Swiss_Guard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Ingresso di Sant'Anna</i>, an entrance to Vatican City from Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>Vatican City State is a recognised national territory under international law, but it is the Holy See that conducts diplomatic relations on its behalf, in addition to the Holy See's own diplomacy, entering into <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">international agreements</a> in its regard. Vatican City thus has no diplomatic service of its own. </p><p>Because of space limitations, Vatican City is one of the few countries in the world that is unable to host embassies. Foreign embassies to the Holy See are located in the city of Rome; only during the Second World War were the staff of some embassies accredited to the Holy See given what hospitality was possible within the narrow confines of Vatican City—embassies such as that of the United Kingdom while Rome was held by the <a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis Powers</a> and Germany's when the Allies controlled Rome. </p><p>The size of Vatican City is thus unrelated to the large global reach exercised by the Holy See as an entity quite distinct from the state.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Vatican City State itself participates in some international organizations whose functions relate to the state as a geographical entity, distinct from the non-territorial legal persona of the Holy See. These organizations are much less numerous than those in which the Holy See participates either as a member or with observer status. They include the following eight, in each of which Vatican City State holds membership:<sup id="cite_ref-Participation_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Participation-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Conference_of_Postal_and_Telecommunications_Administrations" title="European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations">European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations</a> (CEPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat" title="Eutelsat">European Telecommunications Satellite Organization</a> (Eutelsat IGO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Grains_Council" title="International Grains Council">International Grains Council</a> (IGC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Administrative_Sciences" title="International Institute of Administrative Sciences">International Institute of Administrative Sciences</a> (IIAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (ITU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunications_Satellite_Organization" title="International Telecommunications Satellite Organization">International Telecommunications Satellite Organization</a> (ITSO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> (UPU)</li></ul> <p>It also participates in:<sup id="cite_ref-Participation_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Participation-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Medical_Association" title="World Medical Association">World Medical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (WIPO)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-party,_non-signatory_policy"><span id="Non-party.2C_non-signatory_policy"></span>Non-party, non-signatory policy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Non-party, non-signatory policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_members_de_facto_borders.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/United_Nations_members_de_facto_borders.svg/220px-United_Nations_members_de_facto_borders.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/United_Nations_members_de_facto_borders.svg/330px-United_Nations_members_de_facto_borders.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/United_Nations_members_de_facto_borders.svg/440px-United_Nations_members_de_facto_borders.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Image of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> member state borders on a map</figcaption></figure> <p>The Vatican City is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN), but was granted observer status to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> in 1968; the only other country in a similar position is the partially recognised <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>. Since it is not a member of the UN, the Vatican City is not subjected to the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> (ICJ). It does, however, engage with various UN specialized agencies through its observer status including the <a href="/wiki/Central_Emergency_Response_Fund" title="Central Emergency Response Fund">Central Emergency Response Fund</a>, to which it contributed US$20,000 between 2006 and 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vatican City State is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> (ICC). In Europe, only <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> is also a non-party, non-signatory state, while Ukraine and <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> are signatory states that have not ratified and Russia withdrew from it in 2016. </p><p>The Vatican City State is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>. Among European states, Belarus is also not a member, while Russia has ceased to be part of it after being expelled from the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Common_Reporting_Standard" title="Common Reporting Standard">Common Reporting Standard</a>" (CRS), aiming at preventing <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax evasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a>, has also not been signed.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vatican City State has been criticized for money laundering practises in the past decades.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only other country in Europe that has not agreed to sign the CRS is Belarus. </p><p>The Vatican City State is also one of few countries in the world that does not provide any publicly available financial data to the International Monetary Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vatican_City" title="Economy of Vatican City">Economy of Vatican City</a></div> <p>The Vatican City State budget includes the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a> and post office and is supported financially by the sale of <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City">stamps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_euro_coins" title="Vatican euro coins">coins</a>, medals and tourist mementos; by fees for admission to museums; and by publications sales.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-economy_factbook_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economy_factbook-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other industries include printing, the production of mosaics, and the manufacture of staff uniforms. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Musei_Vaticani._Braccio_Nuovo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Musei_Vaticani._Braccio_Nuovo.JPG/220px-Musei_Vaticani._Braccio_Nuovo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Musei_Vaticani._Braccio_Nuovo.JPG/330px-Musei_Vaticani._Braccio_Nuovo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Musei_Vaticani._Braccio_Nuovo.JPG/440px-Musei_Vaticani._Braccio_Nuovo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1781" data-file-height="1186" /></a><figcaption>Vatican Museums' "New Wing", built by <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Stern" title="Raffaele Stern">Raffaele Stern</a> (1774–1820) </figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Works_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Works of Religion">Institute for Works of Religion</a> (IOR, <i>Istituto per le Opere di Religione</i>), also known as the Vatican Bank, is a financial agency situated in the Vatican that conducts worldwide financial activities. It has multilingual <a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">ATMs</a> with instructions in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, possibly the only ATM in the world with this feature.<sup id="cite_ref-Seans_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seans-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vatican City issues its own coins and stamps. It has used the euro as its currency since 1 January 1999, owing to a special agreement with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (council decision 1999/98/EC). Euro coins and notes were introduced on 1 January 2002—the Vatican does not issue <a href="/wiki/Euro_banknotes" title="Euro banknotes">euro banknotes</a>. Issuance of euro-denominated coins is strictly limited by treaty, though somewhat more than usual is allowed in a year in which there is a change in the papacy.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of their rarity, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_euro_coins" title="Vatican euro coins">Vatican euro coins</a> are highly sought by collectors.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the adoption of the Euro, Vatican coinage and stamps were denominated in their own <a href="/wiki/Vatican_lira" title="Vatican lira">Vatican lira</a> currency, which was on par with the Italian <a href="/wiki/Lira" title="Lira">lira</a>. </p><p>Vatican City State, which employs nearly 2,000 people, had a surplus of 6.7 million euros in 2007 but ran a deficit in 2008 of over 15 million euros.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the US Department of State's International Narcotics Control Strategy Report listed Vatican City for the first time among the nations of concern for <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money-laundering</a>, placing it in the middle category, which includes countries such as Ireland, but not among the most vulnerable countries, which include the United States itself, Germany, Italy, and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 February 2014, the Vatican announced it was establishing a secretariat for the economy, to be responsible for all economic, financial, and administrative activities of the Holy See and the Vatican City State, headed by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell">George Pell</a>. This followed the charging of two senior clerics including a <a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">monsignor</a> with money laundering offences. Pope Francis also appointed an auditor-general authorized to carry out random audits of any agency at any time and engaged a US financial services company to review the Vatican's 19,000 accounts to ensure compliance with international money laundering practices. The pontiff also ordered that the <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Patrimony_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See">Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See</a> would be the Vatican's central bank, with responsibilities similar to other central banks around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-VaticanEconomicSecretariat_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VaticanEconomicSecretariat-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, the Vatican planned to release <a href="/wiki/NFT" class="mw-redirect" title="NFT">NFTs</a> of its museum collection.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vatican_City" title="Women in Vatican City">Women in Vatican City</a></div> <p>As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Vatican City has a population of 764 residents, regardless of citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-population_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also 372 Vatican citizens residing elsewhere,<sup id="cite_ref-population_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consisting of diplomats of the Holy See to other countries and cardinals residing in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-citizenship_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citizenship-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population is composed of clergy, other religious members, laypeople serving the state (such as the Swiss Guard) and their family members.<sup id="cite_ref-population2011_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2011-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013 there were 13 families of the employees of the Holy See living in Vatican City,<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2019 there were 20 children of the Swiss Guards living at the Vatican.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All citizens, residents, and places of worship in the city are <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>. The city also receives thousands of tourists and workers every day. </p> <div style="display:inline-table; line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 1em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:small; text-align:center"> <caption class="nowrap" style="line-height:1.5">Vatican City population on 26 June 2023<sup id="cite_ref-population_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Sex</th> <th colspan="3">all </th></tr> <tr> <th>Citizenship</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">Vatican</th> <th>other </th></tr> <tr> <th>Residency</th> <th>other</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Vatican City </th></tr> <tr> <td>Pope</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cardinals</td> <td>55</td> <td>9</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Diplomats</td> <td>317</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Swiss Guard</td> <td></td> <td>104</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:2.7"> <td>Others</td> <td></td> <td>132</td> <td>518 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Total</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">618</th> <th rowspan="2">518 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">372</th> <th>246 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">764 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">1,136 </th></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="display:inline-table;"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:small; text-align:center; line-height:1.2"> <caption class="nowrap" style="line-height:1.5">Vatican City population on 1 March 2011<sup id="cite_ref-population2011_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2011-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Sex</th> <th colspan="3">all</th> <th colspan="3">male</th> <th colspan="3">female </th></tr> <tr> <th>Citizenship</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">Vatican</th> <th>other</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">Vatican</th> <th>other</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">Vatican</th> <th>other </th></tr> <tr> <th>Residency</th> <th>other</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Vatican City</th> <th>other</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Vatican City</th> <th>other</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Vatican City </th></tr> <tr> <td>Pope</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cardinals</td> <td>43</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td>43</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Diplomats</td> <td>306</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>306</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Swiss Guard</td> <td></td> <td>86</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>86</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other religious</td> <td></td> <td>50</td> <td>197</td> <td></td> <td>49</td> <td>102</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>95 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other lay</td> <td></td> <td>56</td> <td>24</td> <td></td> <td>25</td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td>31</td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Total</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">572</th> <th rowspan="2">221</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">540</th> <th rowspan="2">105</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">32</th> <th rowspan="2">116 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">349</th> <th>223</th> <th rowspan="2">349</th> <th>191</th> <th rowspan="2"></th> <th>32 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">444</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">296</th> <th colspan="2" style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">148 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">793</th> <th colspan="3" style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">645</th> <th colspan="3" style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">148 </th></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vatican_City" title="Languages of Vatican City">Languages of Vatican City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Vatican_City.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Seal_of_Vatican_City.svg/220px-Seal_of_Vatican_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Seal_of_Vatican_City.svg/330px-Seal_of_Vatican_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Seal_of_Vatican_City.svg/440px-Seal_of_Vatican_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="755" /></a><figcaption>The Seal of Vatican City. Note the use of the Italian language.</figcaption></figure> <p>Vatican City has no formally enacted <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>, but, unlike the Holy See which most often uses <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for the authoritative version of its official documents, Vatican City uses only Italian in its legislation and official communications.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian is also the everyday language used by most of those who work in the state. In the Swiss Guard, Swiss German is the language used for giving commands, but the individual guards take their oath of loyalty in their own languages: German, French, Italian or <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>. The official websites of the Holy See<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of Vatican City<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are primarily in Italian, with versions of their pages in a large number of languages to varying extents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citizenship">Citizenship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a> of other states, which is based either on <i><a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">jus sanguinis</a></i> (birth from a citizen, even outside the state's territory) or on <i><a href="/wiki/Jus_soli" title="Jus soli">jus soli</a></i> (birth within the territory of the state), citizenship of Vatican City is granted on <i>jus officii</i>, namely on the grounds of appointment to work in a certain capacity in the service of the Holy See. It usually ceases upon cessation of the appointment. Citizenship is also extended to the spouse and children of a citizen, provided they are living together in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-citizenship_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citizenship-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some individuals are also authorized to reside in the city but do not qualify or choose not to request citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-citizenship_134-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citizenship-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anyone who loses Vatican citizenship and does not possess other citizenship automatically becomes an <a href="/wiki/Italian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian citizenship">Italian citizen</a> as provided in the Lateran Treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-treaty_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treaty-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Holy See, not being a country, issues only <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_passport" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic passport">diplomatic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Service_passport" class="mw-redirect" title="Service passport">service</a> passports, whereas Vatican City issues <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_passport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary passport">normal</a> <a href="/wiki/Vatican_and_Holy_See_passports" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican and Holy See passports">passports</a> for its citizens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistical_oddities">Statistical oddities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Statistical oddities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In statistics comparing countries in various <a href="/wiki/Per_capita" title="Per capita">per capita</a> or per area metrics, Vatican City is often an outlier—these can stem from the state's small size and ecclesiastical function.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, as most of the roles which would confer citizenship are reserved for men, the gender ratio of the citizenship is several men per woman.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further oddities are petty crimes against tourists resulting in a very high per-capita crime rate,<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the city-state leading the world in per-capita wine consumption due to its <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacramental use</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A jocular illustration of these anomalies is sometimes made by calculating a "Popes per km<sup>2</sup>" statistic, which is greater than two because the country is less than half a square kilometre in area.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1091px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Stpeters.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="360-degree view from the dome of St. Peter's Basilica, looking over the Vatican's Saint Peter's Square (centre) and out into Rome, showing Vatican City in all directions"><img alt="360-degree view from the dome of St. Peter's Basilica, looking over the Vatican's Saint Peter's Square (centre) and out into Rome, showing Vatican City in all directions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/View_from_Stpeters.jpg/1083px-View_from_Stpeters.jpg" decoding="async" width="1083" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/View_from_Stpeters.jpg/1625px-View_from_Stpeters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/View_from_Stpeters.jpg/2166px-View_from_Stpeters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="50000" data-file-height="10620" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Stpeters.jpg" title="File:View from Stpeters.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">360-degree view from the dome of <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, looking over the Vatican's <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Square">Saint Peter's Square</a> (centre) and out into Rome, showing Vatican City in all directions</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City" title="Music of Vatican City">Music of Vatican City</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_heritage">Cultural heritage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Cultural heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Vatican_City" title="Architecture of Vatican City">Architecture of Vatican City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/220px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/330px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/440px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13066" data-file-height="6823" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> is one of the most renowned works of Renaissance architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-w583_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w583-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Vatican City is home to some of the most famous art in the world. <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, designed by a succession of architects including <a href="/wiki/Bramante" class="mw-redirect" title="Bramante">Bramante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_della_Porta" title="Giacomo della Porta">Giacomo della Porta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Maderno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernini" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernini">Bernini</a>, is a renowned work of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance architecture</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> is famous for its frescos, which include works by <a href="/wiki/Perugino" class="mw-redirect" title="Perugino">Perugino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Ghirlandaio" title="Domenico Ghirlandaio">Domenico Ghirlandaio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Botticelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Botticelli">Botticelli</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">ceiling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a> by Michelangelo. The interiors of the Vatican were decorated by artists including <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fra_Angelico" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Apostolic Library">Vatican Apostolic Library</a> and the collections of the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a> are of the highest historical, scientific and cultural importance.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Added by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> to the List of <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in 1984, the Vatican is the only site to consist of an entire state.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, it is the only UNESCO site registered as a <i>centre containing monuments</i> in the "International Register of Cultural Property under Special Protection" according to the 1954 <a href="/wiki/Hague_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Cultural_Property_in_the_Event_of_Armed_Conflict" title="Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict">Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_147-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following in the footsteps of the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_dei_Lincei" title="Accademia dei Lincei">Pontifical Academy of New Lincei</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> in 1847, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> gave birth to the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Pontifical Academy of Sciences</a> in 1936, which, located in the <a href="/wiki/Casina_Pio_IV" title="Casina Pio IV">Casina Pio IV</a>, guarantees <a href="/wiki/Academic_freedom" title="Academic freedom">academic freedom</a> to contribute to <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_sciences" title="Mathematical sciences">mathematical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_physical_science" title="Outline of physical science">physical</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earth_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth sciences">Earth sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Natural_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural sciences">natural sciences</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a>), and confront <a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">epistemological</a> issues, with interests also in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">history of science</a>. Among the <a href="/wiki/Academician" title="Academician">academicians</a>, there are or were the <a href="/wiki/Astrophysicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrophysicist">astrophysicist</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_John_Rees" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin John Rees">Martin John Rees</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9dric_Villani" title="Cédric Villani">Cédric Villani</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">theoretical physicist</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> laureates <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">geneticists</a> <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Luca_Cavalli-Sforza" title="Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza">Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis Collins</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Head_transplant" title="Head transplant">head transplant</a> pioneer <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._White" title="Robert J. White">Robert J. White</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences">Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences</a> is another <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_academy" title="Pontifical academy">pontifical academy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> located in Vatican City, which deals also with <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communication_studies" title="Communication studies">communication studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Information sciences">information sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">cybernetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral sciences">behavioral sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">demography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seat of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_for_Life" title="Pontifical Academy for Life">Pontifical Academy for Life</a>, whose domains are <a href="/wiki/Bioethics" title="Bioethics">bioethics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_technology" title="Ethics of technology">ethics of technology</a>, is at <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_San_Callisto" title="Palazzo San Callisto">San Callisto complex</a>, a Vatican <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See#Outside_Vatican_City_but_inside_Rome" title="Properties of the Holy See">extraterritorial property</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the Vatican telescopes of the <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomical</a> institution named <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Observatory" title="Vatican Observatory">Vatican Observatory</a> participated in creating the <a href="/wiki/Carte_du_Ciel" title="Carte du Ciel">Carte du Ciel</a>, but they have progressively become useless or limited for <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">research</a> purposes due to <a href="/wiki/Light_pollution" title="Light pollution">light pollution</a> in their locations: Vatican City (the <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Vatican_City" title="Gardens of Vatican City">Gardens of Vatican City</a> and near <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>) and the Vatican <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See#Outside_Rome" title="Properties of the Holy See">extraterritorial</a> <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Castel_Gandolfo" title="Palace of Castel Gandolfo">Palace of Castel Gandolfo</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Observatory" title="Vatican Observatory">Vatican Observatory</a>, whose origins date back to the 16th century, continues to contribute to astronomical research, especially through a partnership with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Infrared_astronomy" title="Infrared astronomy">infrared</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visible-light_astronomy" title="Visible-light astronomy">optical</a> <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Advanced_Technology_Telescope" title="Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope">Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, and to astronomical <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Popular_science" title="Popular science">popular science</a>" projects. As a member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Center_for_Relativistic_Astrophysics" title="International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics">International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics</a>, it deals also with research on <a href="/wiki/Physical_cosmology" title="Physical cosmology">cosmological models</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stellar_classification" title="Stellar classification">stellar classification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Binary_star" title="Binary star">binary stars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nebulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebulae">nebulae</a>. In addition, it has contributed to <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophical</a> <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdisciplinary">interdisciplinary</a> studies at the <a href="/wiki/Graduate_Theological_Union" title="Graduate Theological Union">Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a> and research on the <a href="/wiki/History_of_astronomy" title="History of astronomy">history of astronomy</a> thanks to its extensive library, which also includes a <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorite</a> <a href="/wiki/Collection_(museum)" title="Collection (museum)">collection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Vatican_City" title="Sport in Vatican City">Sport in Vatican City</a></div> <p>Vatican City is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> and does not compete in the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>, though it has participated in some international sporting events, including the <a href="/wiki/World_Cycling_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="World Cycling Championships">World Cycling Championships</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pender_2022_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pender_2022-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Championships_of_the_Small_States_of_Europe" title="Championships of the Small States of Europe">Championships of the Small States of Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Games" title="Mediterranean Games">Mediterranean Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Med_Games_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Med_Games-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country has its own athletics association, <a href="/wiki/Athletica_Vaticana" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletica Vaticana">Athletica Vaticana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LOsservatore_Romano_2023_a014_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOsservatore_Romano_2023_a014-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> in Vatican City is organized by the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Amateur_Sports_Association" title="Vatican Amateur Sports Association">Vatican Amateur Sports Association</a>, which holds the national championship, called the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_Championship" title="Vatican City Championship">Vatican City Championship</a>, with eight teams, including, for example, the Swiss Guard's <a href="/wiki/FC_Guardia" title="FC Guardia">FC Guardia</a> and police and museum guard teams.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The association also organizes the <a href="/wiki/Coppa_Sergio_Valci" title="Coppa Sergio Valci">Coppa Sergio Valci</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Supercoppa_(Vatican_City)" title="Supercoppa (Vatican City)">Vatican Supercoppa</a>. It controls the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_national_football_team" title="Vatican City national football team">Vatican City national football team</a>, which is neither affiliated with <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">UEFA</a> nor <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure_and_public_services">Infrastructure and public services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Infrastructure and public services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vatican_City" title="Transport in Vatican City">Transport in Vatican City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:0_Gare_du_Vatican.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/0_Gare_du_Vatican.JPG/220px-0_Gare_du_Vatican.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/0_Gare_du_Vatican.JPG/330px-0_Gare_du_Vatican.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/0_Gare_du_Vatican.JPG/440px-0_Gare_du_Vatican.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="2528" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Vatican City">shortest national railway system</a> in the world</figcaption></figure> <p>Vatican City has a reasonably well-developed transport network considering its size (consisting mostly of a piazza and walkways). As a state that is 1.05 kilometres (1,150 yards) long and 0.85 km (930 yd) wide,<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has a small <a href="/wiki/Transport_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport network">transportation system</a> with no airports or highways. </p><p>The only <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a> facility in Vatican City is the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_Heliport" title="Vatican City Heliport">Vatican City Heliport</a>. Vatican City is one of the few independent <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_without_an_airport" title="List of countries without an airport">countries without an airport</a>, and is served by the airports that serve the city of Rome, <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci-Fiumicino_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport">Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport</a> and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/Rome_Ciampino_Airport" title="Rome Ciampino Airport">Ciampino Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinfin_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinfin-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Railway" title="Vatican Railway">Vatican Railway</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican City railway station">Vatican City railway station</a>, mainly used to transport freight, connected to Italy's network at Rome's <a href="/wiki/Roma_San_Pietro_railway_station" title="Roma San Pietro railway station">Roma San Pietro railway station</a> by an 852-metre-long (932 yd) spur, 300 metres (330 yd) of which is within Vatican territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinfin_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinfin-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> was the first Pope to make use of the railway; <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> rarely used it.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinfin_159-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinfin-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The closest <a href="/wiki/Rome_Metro" title="Rome Metro">metro</a> station is <a href="/wiki/Ottaviano_%E2%80%93_San_Pietro_%E2%80%93_Musei_Vaticani_(Rome_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottaviano – San Pietro – Musei Vaticani (Rome Metro)">Ottaviano – San Pietro – Musei Vaticani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecommunications_and_mass_media">Telecommunications and mass media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Telecommunications and mass media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pay_phone_in_the_Vatican_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pay_phone_in_the_Vatican_City.jpg/220px-Pay_phone_in_the_Vatican_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pay_phone_in_the_Vatican_City.jpg/330px-Pay_phone_in_the_Vatican_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pay_phone_in_the_Vatican_City.jpg/440px-Pay_phone_in_the_Vatican_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Pay phone in the Vatican City</figcaption></figure> <p>The City is served by an independent, modern telephone system named the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Telephone_Service" title="Vatican Telephone Service">Vatican Telephone Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vatican also controls its own Internet <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domain</a>, which is registered as (<a href="/wiki/.va" title=".va">.va</a>). Broadband service is widely provided within Vatican City. Vatican City has also been given a radio <a href="/wiki/ITU_prefix" title="ITU prefix">ITU prefix</a>, HV, and this is sometimes used by <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">amateur radio</a> operators. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a>, which was organized by <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a>, broadcasts on <a href="/wiki/Shortwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortwave">short-wave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">medium-wave</a> and FM frequencies and on the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its main transmission antennae are located in Italian territory, and exceed Italian environmental protection levels of emission. For this reason, the Vatican Radio has been <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio_lawsuit" title="Vatican Radio lawsuit">sued</a>. Television services are provided through another entity, the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i> is the multilingual semi-official newspaper of the Holy See. It is published by a private corporation under the direction of Catholic laymen, but reports on official information. However, the official texts of documents are in the <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Gazette" title="Gazette">official gazette</a> of the Holy See, which has an appendix for documents of the Vatican City State. </p><p>Vatican Radio, the Vatican Television Center, and L'Osservatore Romano are organs not of the Vatican State but of the Holy See, and are listed as such in the <i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i>, which places them in the section "Institutions linked with the Holy See", ahead of the sections on the Holy See's diplomatic service abroad and the <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_corps" title="Diplomatic corps">diplomatic corps</a> accredited to the Holy See, after which is placed the section on the State of Vatican City. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postal_service">Postal service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Postal service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poste_Vaticane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Poste_Vaticane.jpg/220px-Poste_Vaticane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Poste_Vaticane.jpg/330px-Poste_Vaticane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Poste_Vaticane.jpg/440px-Poste_Vaticane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The Vatican's post office was established on 11 February 1929.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">postal system</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poste_Vaticane" title="Poste Vaticane">Poste Vaticane</a>) was created on 13 February 1929. On 1 August, the state started to release its own postal stamps, under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Philatelic_and_Numismatic_Office_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State">Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's postal service is sometimes said to be "the best in the world",<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and faster than the postal service in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_165-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Postal_code#Country_code_prefixes" title="Postal code">international postal country code prefix</a> is <i>SCV</i>, and the only postal code is <i>00120</i> – altogether <i>SCV-00120</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Pharmacy" title="Vatican Pharmacy">Vatican Pharmacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bambino_Ges%C3%B9_Hospital" title="Bambino Gesù Hospital">Bambino Gesù Hospital</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recycling">Recycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Recycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, the Vatican began an "ecological island" for renewable waste and has continued the initiative throughout the papacy of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a>. These innovations included, for example, the installation of a solar power system on the roof of the <a href="/wiki/Paul_VI_Audience_Hall" title="Paul VI Audience Hall">Paul VI Audience Hall</a>. In July 2019, it was announced that Vatican City would ban the use and sale of <a href="/wiki/Single-use_plastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-use plastic">single-use plastics</a> as soon as its supply was depleted, well before the 2021 deadline established by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. It is estimated that 50–55% of Vatican City's municipal solid waste is properly sorted and recycled, with the goal of reaching the EU standard of 70–75%.<sup id="cite_ref-end_sale_of_single-use_plastics_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end_sale_of_single-use_plastics-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/28px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/56px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Vatican_City" title="Architecture of Vatican City">Architecture of Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_city" title="Holy city">Holy city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Vatican City-related articles">Index of Vatican City-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vatican_City" title="Law of Vatican City">Law of Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News.va" class="mw-redirect" title="News.va">News.va</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline of Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_fictional_stories_set_in_Vatican_City" title="Timeline of fictional stories set in Vatican City">Timeline of fictional stories set in Vatican City</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Many other languages are used by institutions situated within the state, such as the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Guard">Pontifical Swiss Guard</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Pontifical Academy of Sciences</a>.<br />The Holy See uses <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> as its official language and Italian as its main working and diplomatic language; in addition, its <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a> uses <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, German, Italian, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. The Swiss Guard has three command languages: German, French and Italian; the chaplain of the guard reads aloud the full oath of allegiance in these three languages.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All powers delegated by the sovereign<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-area-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-area_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-area_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_Atlante_De_Agostini" class="extiw" title="it:Calendario Atlante De Agostini">De Agostini Atlas Calendar</a> listed the area of Vatican City as 44 ha in its 1930 edition<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but corrected it to 49 ha in its 1945–1946 edition.<sup id="cite_ref-agostini1945_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agostini1945-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figure of 44 ha is still widely cited by many sources despite its inaccuracy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Visitors and tourists are not permitted to drive inside Vatican City without specific permission, which is normally granted only to those on official business in Vatican City.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> assigned code 379 to Vatican City. However, Vatican City is included in the Italian telephone numbering plan and uses the Italian country code 39, followed by 06 (for Rome) and 698.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Stato della Città del Vaticano</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈstaːto<span class="wrap"> </span>della<span class="wrap"> </span>tʃitˈta<span class="wrap"> </span>ddel<span class="wrap"> </span>vatiˈkaːno]</a></span>) is the name used in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120822001817/https://www.vatican.va/vatican_city_state/legislation/documents/scv_doc_20001126_legge-fondamentale-scv_it.html">the text</a> of the state's <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">Fundamental Law</a> and in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en.html">the state's official website</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Latin_spelling_and_pronunciation#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin spelling and pronunciation">ecclesiastical</a>, and therefore official, pronunciation is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[ˈstatus<span class="wrap"> </span>tʃiviˈtatis<span class="wrap"> </span>vatiˈkane]</a></span>; the <a href="/wiki/Latin_spelling_and_pronunciation#Classical_pronunciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin spelling and pronunciation">classical</a> one is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[ˈstatʊs<span class="wrap"> </span>kiːwɪˈtaːtɪs<span class="wrap"> </span>waːtɪˈkaːnae̯]</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the languages used by the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> (except English and Italian as already mentioned above): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Cité du Vatican</i>—<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">État de la Cité du Vatican</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Vatikanstadt</i>, cf. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Vatikan</i></span>—<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Staat Vatikanstadt</i></span> (in Austria: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Staat der Vatikanstadt</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Miasto Watykańskie</i>, cf. <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">Watykan</i></span>—<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">Państwo Watykańskie</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Cidade do Vaticano</i>—<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Estado da Cidade do Vaticano</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Ciudad del Vaticano</i>—<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Estado de la Ciudad del Vaticano</i></span>.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Holy See is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City and a sovereign entity recognised by international law, consisting of the Pope and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>. It is also metonymically referred to as "The Vatican".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Holy See's budget, which is distinct from that of Vatican City State, is supported financially by a variety of sources, including investments, real estate income, and donations from Catholic individuals, dioceses, and institutions; these help fund the Roman Curia (Vatican bureaucracy), diplomatic missions, and media outlets. Moreover, an annual collection taken up in dioceses and direct donations go to a non-budgetary fund known as Peter's Pence, which is used directly by the Pope for charity, disaster relief and aid to churches in developing nations.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citation_notes">Citation notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Citation notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReuters_Staff2014" class="citation news cs1">Reuters Staff (6 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-latin/pope-ditches-latin-as-official-language-of-vatican-synod-idUSKCN0HV1O220141006">"Pope ditches Latin as official language of Vatican synod"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404073852/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-latin/pope-ditches-latin-as-official-language-of-vatican-synod-idUSKCN0HV1O220141006">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Pope+ditches+Latin+as+official+language+of+Vatican+synod&rft.date=2014-10-06&rft.au=Reuters+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-pope-latin%2Fpope-ditches-latin-as-official-language-of-vatican-synod-idUSKCN0HV1O220141006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Visiting_The_Vatican_2023_x452-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Visiting_The_Vatican_2023_x452_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitingthevatican.com/what-language-is-spoken-at-the-vatican/">"What language is spoken at the Vatican?"</a>. <i>Visiting The Vatican</i>. 13 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231105022349/https://visitingthevatican.com/what-language-is-spoken-at-the-vatican/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visiting+The+Vatican&rft.atitle=What+language+is+spoken+at+the+Vatican%3F&rft.date=2023-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitingthevatican.com%2Fwhat-language-is-spoken-at-the-vatican%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTeh9_3VGLQ"><i>Solemn oath of the Vatican Swiss guards</i></a>. 6 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/QTeh9_3VGLQ">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solemn+oath+of+the+Vatican+Swiss+guards&rft.date=2014-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQTeh9_3VGLQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529044152/https://italyexplained.com/italy-cities-regions/vatican-city/#:~:text=The%20Italian%20name%20for%20Vatican,is%20really%20%E2%80%9Cfrom%E2%80%9D%20there">"Vatican City :: Italy Explained"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://italyexplained.com/italy-cities-regions/vatican-city/#:~:text=The%20Italian%20name%20for%20Vatican,is%20really%20%E2%80%9Cfrom%E2%80%9D%20there">the original</a> on 29 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+City+%3A%3A+Italy+Explained&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitalyexplained.com%2Fitaly-cities-regions%2Fvatican-city%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Italian%2520name%2520for%2520Vatican%2Cis%2520really%2520%25E2%2580%259Cfrom%25E2%2580%259D%2520there&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524030947/https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/index.htm">"Internet Portal of Vatican City State"</a>. Vatican City State. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/index.htm">the original</a> on 24 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internet+Portal+of+Vatican+City+State&rft.pub=Vatican+City+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2FEN%2FState_and_Government%2FStateDepartments%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-factbook-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-factbook_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-factbook_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/">"Holy See (Vatican City)"</a>. <i>CIA—The World Factbook</i>. 22 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126204237/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA%E2%80%94The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Holy+See+%28Vatican+City%29&rft.date=2021-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fholy-see-vatican-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robbers, Gerhard (2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M3A-xgf1yM4C&pg=PA1009"><i>Encyclopedia of World Constitutions</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429130728/https://books.google.com/books?id=M3A-xgf1yM4C&pg=PA1009">Archived</a> 29 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Infobase Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81606078-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81606078-8">978-0-81606078-8</a>. p. 1009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nick Megoran (2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/nick.megoran/pdf/theocracy.pdf">"Theocracy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804152755/https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/nick.megoran/pdf/theocracy.pdf">Archived</a> 4 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 226 in <i>International Encyclopedia of Human Geography</i>, vol. 11, Elsevier <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-044911-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-044911-1">978-0-08-044911-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524024314/http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/Legislative_and_executive_bodies.htm">"Legislative and Executive Bodies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican City State">Vatican City State</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/Legislative_and_executive_bodies.htm">the original</a> on 24 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+City+State&rft.atitle=Legislative+and+Executive+Bodies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2FEN%2FState_and_Government%2FStateDepartments%2FLegislative_and_executive_bodies.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope_John_Paul_II2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (26 November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226203911/http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861/2522/FundamentalLaw1.pdf">"Fundamental Law of Vatican City State"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican City State">Vatican City State</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861/2522/FundamentalLaw1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fundamental+Law+of+Vatican+City+State&rft.pub=Vatican+City+State&rft.date=2000-11-26&rft.au=Pope+John+Paul+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861%2F2522%2FFundamentalLaw1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JqlIZ70Jn9gC&q=vaticano">De Agostini Atlas Calendar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603042457/https://books.google.com/books?id=JqlIZ70Jn9gC&q=vaticano">Archived</a> 3 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1930, p. 99. <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agostini1945-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agostini1945_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpJXsBX_6uUC&q=vaticano">De Agostini Atlas Calendar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603173403/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpJXsBX_6uUC&q=vaticano">Archived</a> 3 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1945–1946, p. 128. <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html">"Population"</a> (in Italian). Vatican City State. 16 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200517063650/https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population&rft.pub=Vatican+City+State&rft.date=2024-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Fnote-generali%2Fpopolazione.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/">"Stato della Città del Vaticano"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200119071357/https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stato+della+Citt%C3%A0+del+Vaticano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/it.html">"La Santa Sede"</a>. <i>Vatican.va</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211208130834/https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/it.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican.va&rft.atitle=La+Santa+Sede&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fvatican%2Fit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay2023" class="citation web cs1">Ray, Michael (20 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Vatican-City">"Vatican City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318193720/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/623972/Vatican-City">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+City&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2023-05-20&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FVatican-City&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuignan2023" class="citation web cs1">Duignan, Brian (31 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/nation-state">"nation-state"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230517011342/https://www.britannica.com/topic/nation-state">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=nation-state&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2023-03-31&rft.aulast=Duignan&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fnation-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="121" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Vatican-City">"Vatican City"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318193720/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/623972/Vatican-City">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Vatican+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FVatican-City&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17994868">"Vatican country profile"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 17 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825011001/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17994868">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Vatican+country+profile&rft.date=2018-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-17994868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lateran-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lateran_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lateran_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225060950/http://www.aloha.net/~mikesch/treaty.htm">"Text of the Lateran Treaty of 1929"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aloha.net/~mikesch/treaty.htm">the original</a> on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Text+of+the+Lateran+Treaty+of+1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aloha.net%2F~mikesch%2Ftreaty.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/">"Europe :: Holy See (Vatican City) — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"</a>. <i>www.cia.gov</i>. 22 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126204237/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft.atitle=Europe+%3A%3A+Holy+See+%28Vatican+City%29+%E2%80%94+The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2021-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fholy-see-vatican-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pages-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pages_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic-pages.com/vatican/vatican_city.asp">"Vatican City"</a>. Catholic-Pages.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322135430/http://www.catholic-pages.com/vatican/vatican_city.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+City&rft.pub=Catholic-Pages.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-pages.com%2Fvatican%2Fvatican_city.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Catholics-increasing-worldwide,-reaching-1.329-billion-49663.html">"Catholics increasing worldwide, reaching 1.329 billion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AsiaNews" title="AsiaNews">AsiaNews</a>. 26 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414050802/http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Catholics-increasing-worldwide,-reaching-1.329-billion-49663.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Catholics+increasing+worldwide%2C+reaching+1.329+billion&rft.date=2020-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianews.it%2Fnews-en%2FCatholics-increasing-worldwide%2C-reaching-1.329-billion-49663.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Preamble-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Preamble_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Preamble_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010175158/https://www.vaticanstate.va/content/dam/vaticanstate/documenti/leggi-e-decreti/Normative-Penali-e-Amministrative/LateranTreaty.pdf">"Preamble of the Lateran Treaty"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/content/dam/vaticanstate/documenti/leggi-e-decreti/Normative-Penali-e-Amministrative/LateranTreaty.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preamble+of+the+Lateran+Treaty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fvaticanstate%2Fdocumenti%2Fleggi-e-decreti%2FNormative-Penali-e-Amministrative%2FLateranTreaty.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson1992" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, L. (October 1992). <i>New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 405. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-4300-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-4300-6"><bdi>0-8018-4300-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Topographical+Dictionary+of+Ancient+Rome&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=405&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1992-10&rft.isbn=0-8018-4300-6&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/la/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-xii_apc_19451208_vacantis-apostolicae-sedis.html">"Apostolic Constitution"</a> (in Latin). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200912234026/http://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/la/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-xii_apc_19451208_vacantis-apostolicae-sedis.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apostolic+Constitution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fpius-xii%2Fla%2Fapost_constitutions%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_p-xii_apc_19451208_vacantis-apostolicae-sedis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope_Francis2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pope Francis (8 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/la/letters/2014/documents/papa-francesco_20140908_lettera-card-giovanni-lajolo.html">"Letter to John Cardinal Lajolo"</a> (in Latin). The Vatican. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150418013034/http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/la/letters/2014/documents/papa-francesco_20140908_lettera-card-giovanni-lajolo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+to+John+Cardinal+Lajolo&rft.pub=The+Vatican&rft.date=2014-09-08&rft.au=Pope+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Ffrancesco%2Fla%2Fletters%2F2014%2Fdocuments%2Fpapa-francesco_20140908_lettera-card-giovanni-lajolo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liverani_2016_21-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Liverani_2016_21_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liverani_2016_21_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liverani_2016_21_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiverani2016">Liverani 2016</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPetacco2016">Petacco 2016</a>, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/8100/research.pdf?sequence=3">"Damien Martin, "Wine and Drunkenness in Roman Society"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140918040152/https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/8100/research.pdf?sequence=3">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Damien+Martin%2C+%22Wine+and+Drunkenness+in+Roman+Society%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmospace.umsystem.edu%2Fxmlui%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10355%2F8100%2Fresearch.pdf%3Fsequence%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tacitus, <i>The Histories</i>, II, 93, translation by Clifford H. Moore (The Loeb Classical Library, first printed 1925)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305113143/http://www.saintpetersbasilica.org/images.htm">Outline of St. Peter's, Old St. Peter's, and Circus of Nero</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lanciani, Rodolfo (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANPAC/3*.html#sec16">Pagan and Christian Rome</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Houghton, Mifflin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/stato-e-governo/storia/la-citta-del-vaticano-nel-tempo.html">"Vatican City in the Past"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528110717/http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/stato-e-governo/storia/la-citta-del-vaticano-nel-tempo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+City+in+the+Past&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fcontent%2Fvaticanstate%2Fen%2Fstato-e-governo%2Fstoria%2Fla-citta-del-vaticano-nel-tempo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a> XVI.76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11744a.htm#IV">"St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles"</a>. Catholic Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190915021152/http://newadvent.org/cathen/11744a.htm#IV">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Peter%2C+Prince+of+the+Apostles&rft.pub=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F11744a.htm%23IV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tafur-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tafur_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/tafur.html#ch3">Travels and Adventures</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629042823/http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/tafur.html#ch3">Archived</a> 29 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Chapter 3, <a href="/wiki/Pero_Tafur" class="mw-redirect" title="Pero Tafur">Pero Tafur</a>, digitized from <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broadway_Travellers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Broadway Travellers (page does not exist)">The Broadway Travellers</a> series, edited by Sir <a href="/wiki/E._Denison_Ross" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Denison Ross">E. Denison Ross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Power" title="Eileen Power">Eileen Power</a>, translated and edited with an introduction by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_Letts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm Letts (page does not exist)">Malcolm Letts</a> (New York, London: Harper & brothers 1926)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mv.vatican.va/3_EN/pages/x-Schede/MGEs/MGEs_Sala16_03_040.html">"Altar dedicated to Cybele and Attis"</a>. Vatican Museums. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124211312/http://mv.vatican.va/3_EN/pages/x-Schede/MGEs/MGEs_Sala16_03_040.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Altar+dedicated+to+Cybele+and+Attis&rft.pub=Vatican+Museums&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmv.vatican.va%2F3_EN%2Fpages%2Fx-Schede%2FMGEs%2FMGEs_Sala16_03_040.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=37b9V9IXDsYC&dq=Gardner+%22reputed+grave%22&pg=PA126">Fred S. Kleiner, <i>Gardner's Art through the Ages</i> (Cengage Learning 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150912151621/https://books.google.com/books?id=37b9V9IXDsYC&pg=PA126&dq=Gardner+%22reputed+grave%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=A3gQUqPdOYWThgeirYCgDg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gardner%20%22reputed%20grave%22&f=false">Archived</a> 12 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13395479-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13395479-8">978-1-13395479-8</a>), p. 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060207064352/https://www.bartleby.com/65/va/Vatican.html">"Vatican"</a>. <i>Columbia Encyclopedia</i> (Sixth ed.). 2001–2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/65/va/Vatican.html">the original</a> on 7 February 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vatican&rft.btitle=Columbia+Encyclopedia&rft.edition=Sixth&rft.date=2001%2F2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F65%2Fva%2FVatican.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_History-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-World_History_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWetterau1994" class="citation book cs1">Wetterau, Bruce (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldhistorydict00wett"><i>World History: A Dictionary of Important People, Places, and Events, from Ancient Times to the Present</i></a>. New York: Henry Holt & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-2350-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-2350-3"><bdi>978-0-8050-2350-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+History%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Important+People%2C+Places%2C+and+Events%2C+from+Ancient+Times+to+the+Present&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+%26+Co.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-2350-3&rft.aulast=Wetterau&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldhistorydict00wett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html#TRATTATO_FRA_LA_SANTA_SEDE_E_L%E2%80%99ITALIA">"Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 – Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri"</a>. <i>The Holy See</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119131557/http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html#TRATTATO_FRA_LA_SANTA_SEDE_E_L%E2%80%99ITALIA">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Holy+See&rft.atitle=Patti+lateranensi%2C+11+febbraio+1929+%E2%80%93+Segreteria+di+Stato%2C+card.+Pietro+Gasparri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fsecretariat_state%2Farchivio%2Fdocuments%2Frc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html%23TRATTATO_FRA_LA_SANTA_SEDE_E_L%25E2%2580%2599ITALIA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Statute-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Statute_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statute_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html">"Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 – Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri"</a>. <i>vatican.va</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119131557/http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vatican.va&rft.atitle=Patti+lateranensi%2C+11+febbraio+1929+%E2%80%93+Segreteria+di+Stato%2C+card.+Pietro+Gasparri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fsecretariat_state%2Farchivio%2Fdocuments%2Frc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005446">"Rome"</a>. Ushmm.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215103412/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005446">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rome&rft.pub=Ushmm.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Fen%2Farticle.php%3FModuleId%3D10005446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chadwick1-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chadwick1_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chadwick1_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick, 1988, pp. 222–232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick, 1988, pp. 232–236</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick, 1988, pp. 236–244</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick, 1988, pp. 244–245</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChadwick1988">Chadwick 1988</a>, p. 304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vatican_State-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican_State_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican_State_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071211020340/https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/History/Vatican_City_today.htm">"Vatican City Today"</a>. 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Uffici di Presidenza S.C.V. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/Monuments/The_Vatican_Gardens/">the original</a> on 8 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Vatican+City+State+Website%3A+A+Visit+to+the+Vatican+Gardens&rft.pub=Uffici+di+Presidenza+S.C.V.&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2FEN%2FMonuments%2FThe_Vatican_Gardens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSection2017" class="citation web cs1">Section, United Nations News Service (7 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=56121#.WnNenpM-dsM">"UN News – FEATURE: Diplomacy of the conscience – The Holy See at the United Nations"</a>. <i>UN News Service Section</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180202202155/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=56121#.WnNenpM-dsM">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News+Service+Section&rft.atitle=UN+News+%E2%80%93+FEATURE%3A+Diplomacy+of+the+conscience+%E2%80%93+The+Holy+See+at+the+United+Nations&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft.aulast=Section&rft.aufirst=United+Nations+News+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D56121%23.WnNenpM-dsM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/origini-natura.html">"Origini e nature"</a> [Origins and nature] (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 21 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origini+e+nature&rft.pub=Vatican+City+Directorate+of+Telecommunications+and+Computer+Services&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Fnote-generali%2Forigini-natura.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/organi-stato/organi-dello-stato.html">"Organi dello Stato"</a> [State bodies] (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 3 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Organi+dello+Stato&rft.pub=Vatican+City+Directorate+of+Telecommunications+and+Computer+Services&rft.date=2018-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Forgani-stato%2Forgani-dello-stato.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vatican_City-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican_City_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican_City_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic-pages.com/vatican/vatican_city.asp">"Vatican City"</a>. Catholic-Pages.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070504093117/http://www.catholic-pages.com/vatican/vatican_city.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+City&rft.pub=Catholic-Pages.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-pages.com%2Fvatican%2Fvatican_city.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Learning-with-the-Times-7-nations-still-under-absolute-monarchy/articleshow/3692953.cms">Learning with the Times: 7 Nation Still Under Absolute Monarchy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212153657/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/learning-with-the-times-7-nations-still-under-absolute-monarchy/articleshow/3692953.cms">Archived</a> 12 December 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>The Times of India</i>, published 10 November 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVisceglia2011" class="citation book cs1">Visceglia, Maria Antonietta (1 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004206236/Bej.9789004206229.i-444_012.xml">"The Pope's Household And Court In The Early Modern Age"</a>. <i>Royal Courts in Dynastic States and Empires</i>. BRILL. pp. 237–264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2Fej.9789004206229.i-444.57">10.1163/ej.9789004206229.i-444.57</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004206236" title="Special:BookSources/9789004206236"><bdi>9789004206236</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230224233528/https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004206236/Bej.9789004206229.i-444_012.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Pope%27s+Household+And+Court+In+The+Early+Modern+Age&rft.btitle=Royal+Courts+in+Dynastic+States+and+Empires&rft.pages=237-264&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2Fej.9789004206229.i-444.57&rft.isbn=9789004206236&rft.aulast=Visceglia&rft.aufirst=Maria+Antonietta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2Fedcoll%2F9789004206236%2FBej.9789004206229.i-444_012.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_22021996_universi-dominici-gregis.html">"Universi Dominici Gregis (February 22, 1996) | John Paul II"</a>. <i>The Holy See</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191122152903/https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_22021996_universi-dominici-gregis.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Holy+See&rft.atitle=Universi+Dominici+Gregis+%28February+22%2C+1996%29+%7C+John+Paul+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fjohn-paul-ii%2Fen%2Fapost_constitutions%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_apc_22021996_universi-dominici-gregis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/motu_proprio/documents/hf_p-vi_motu-proprio_19680328_pontificalis-domus_lt.html"><i>Pontificalis Domus</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140112075641/http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/motu_proprio/documents/hf_p-vi_motu-proprio_19680328_pontificalis-domus_lt.html">Archived</a> 12 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One of the titles of the Pope listed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i> is "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Sovereigns_of_the_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sovereigns of the Vatican City State">Sovereign of Vatican City State</a>" (page 23* in recent editions).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/in-bidens-visit-with-the-pope-a-page-from-reagans-playbook-170077">"In Biden's visit with the pope, a page from Reagan's playbook?"</a>. <i>www.theconversation.com</i>. 27 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220507183342/https://theconversation.com/in-bidens-visit-with-the-pope-a-page-from-reagans-playbook-170077">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theconversation.com&rft.atitle=In+Biden%27s+visit+with+the+pope%2C+a+page+from+Reagan%27s+playbook%3F&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fin-bidens-visit-with-the-pope-a-page-from-reagans-playbook-170077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P19.HTM">"Code of Canon Law: text – IntraText CT"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009091217/http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P19.HTM">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Code+of+Canon+Law%3A+text+%E2%80%93+IntraText+CT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.intratext.com%2FIXT%2FENG0017%2F_P19.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/segreteria-generale.html">"Segreteria Generale"</a> [General Secretariat]. <i>vaticanstate.va</i> (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 25 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vaticanstate.va&rft.atitle=Segreteria+Generale&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Fstruttura-del-governatorato%2Fsegreteria-generale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/organi-stato/organi-potere-legislativo-ed-esecutivo.html">"Organi del potere legislativo ed esecutivo"</a> [Executive and legislative bodies]. <i>vaticanstate.va</i> (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vaticanstate.va&rft.atitle=Organi+del+potere+legislativo+ed+esecutivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Forgani-stato%2Forgani-potere-legislativo-ed-esecutivo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/consiglio-dei-direttori.html">"Consiglio dei Direttori"</a> [Council of Directors]. <i>vaticanstate.va</i> (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 25 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vaticanstate.va&rft.atitle=Consiglio+dei+Direttori&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Fstruttura-del-governatorato%2Fconsiglio-dei-direttori.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/uffici-centrali.html">"Uffici centrali"</a> [Central offices]. <i>vaticanstate.va</i> (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 25 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vaticanstate.va&rft.atitle=Uffici+centrali&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Fstruttura-del-governatorato%2Fuffici-centrali.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/direzioni.html">"Direzioni"</a> [Directorates]. <i>vaticanstate.va</i> (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 11 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vaticanstate.va&rft.atitle=Direzioni&rft.date=2018-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Fstruttura-del-governatorato%2Fdirezioni.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/organismi-scientifici.html">"Organismi ausiliari"</a> [Subsidiary bodies]. <i>vaticanstate.va</i> (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 26 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vaticanstate.va&rft.atitle=Organismi+ausiliari&rft.date=2019-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Fstruttura-del-governatorato%2Forganismi-scientifici.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/organi-stato/organi-potere-giudiziario.html">"Organi del potere giudiziario"</a> [Judiciary bodies]. <i>vaticanstate.va</i> (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vaticanstate.va&rft.atitle=Organi+del+potere+giudiziario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Forgani-stato%2Forgani-potere-giudiziario.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geo-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-geo_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geo_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geo_99-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/geografia.html">"Geografia"</a> [Geography]. <i>vaticanstate.va</i> (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 21 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vaticanstate.va&rft.atitle=Geografia&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Fnote-generali%2Fgeografia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuursma1996" class="citation book cs1">Duursma, Jorri C. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CgVDprXjkIYC&pg=PA396"><i>Fragmentation and the International Relations of Micro-states: Self-determination and Statehood</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 396. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56360-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56360-4"><bdi>978-0-521-56360-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414053158/https://books.google.com/books?id=CgVDprXjkIYC&pg=PA396">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fragmentation+and+the+International+Relations+of+Micro-states%3A+Self-determination+and+Statehood&rft.pages=396&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-56360-4&rft.aulast=Duursma&rft.aufirst=Jorri+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCgVDprXjkIYC%26pg%3DPA396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/etraterritorialita.html">"Extraterritorialità"</a> [Extraterritoriality]. <i>vaticanstate.va</i> (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 3 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vaticanstate.va&rft.atitle=Extraterritorialit%C3%A0&rft.date=2018-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fstato-governo%2Fnote-generali%2Fetraterritorialita.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archivioapostolicovaticano.va/content/aav/en/l-archivio/ambienti/bunker-e-depositi.html">"Bunker and storerooms"</a>. 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Stato della Città del Vaticano. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/IT/Servizi/Direzione_SdS_VVFF/corpo_della_gendarmeria.htm">the original</a> on 25 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corpo+della+Gendarmeria&rft.pub=Stato+della+Citt%C3%A0+del+Vaticano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2FIT%2FServizi%2FDirezione_SdS_VVFF%2Fcorpo_della_gendarmeria.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gendarme-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gendarme_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071023001945/https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/Structure_Governorate/Gendarme_Corps.htm">"Gendarme Corps"</a>. Office of the President of Vatican City State. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/Structure_Governorate/Gendarme_Corps.htm">the original</a> on 23 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gendarme+Corps&rft.pub=Office+of+the+President+of+Vatican+City+State&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2FEN%2FState_and_Government%2FStructure_Governorate%2FGendarme_Corps.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Administrations-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Administrations_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071023001914/https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/Structure_Governorate/Administrations_and_Central_Offices.htm">"Administrations and Central Offices"</a>. Office of the President of Vatican City State. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/Structure_Governorate/Administrations_and_Central_Offices.htm">the original</a> on 23 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Administrations+and+Central+Offices&rft.pub=Office+of+the+President+of+Vatican+City+State&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2FEN%2FState_and_Government%2FStructure_Governorate%2FAdministrations_and_Central_Offices.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crime_rate-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crime_rate_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2639777.stm">"Vatican crime rate 'soars'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. BBC. 8 January 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080108222354/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2639777.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vatican+crime+rate+%27soars%27&rft.date=2003-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F2639777.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.romereports.com/palio/vatican-surpasses-all-nations-in-pickpockets-english-3545.html#.UPt_Wc0hclk">"Vatican surpasses all nations... in pickpockets?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121115144215/https://www.romereports.com/palio/Vatican-surpasses-all-nations-in-pickpockets-english-3545.html">Archived</a> 15 November 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Rome Reports, 14 February 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glatz, Carol (19 December 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2013/man-seriously-injured-after-setting-self-on-fire-in-st-peter-s-square.cfm">"Man seriously injured after setting self on fire in St. Peter's Square"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190621003837/https://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2013/man-seriously-injured-after-setting-self-on-fire-in-st-peter-s-square.cfm">Archived</a> 21 June 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Catholic News Service</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-treaty1-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-treaty1_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treaty1_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html">"Inter Sanctam Sedem et Italiae Regnum Conventiones* Initae Die 11 Februarii 1929"</a> (in Italian). Vatican.va. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119131557/http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inter+Sanctam+Sedem+et+Italiae+Regnum+Conventiones%2A+Initae+Die+11+Februarii+1929&rft.pub=Vatican.va&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fsecretariat_state%2Farchivio%2Fdocuments%2Frc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShea2009" class="citation web cs1">Shea, Alison (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017130729/https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Vatican1.htm">"Researching the Law of the Vatican City State"</a>. <i>Hauser Global Law School Program</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Law" title="New York University School of Law">New York University School of Law</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/vatican1.htm">the original</a> on 17 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hauser+Global+Law+School+Program&rft.atitle=Researching+the+Law+of+the+Vatican+City+State&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Shea&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyulawglobal.org%2Fglobalex%2Fvatican1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2012/05/paolo_gabriele_case_how_does_the_vatican_deal_with_criminals_.html">How Does Vatican City Deal With Criminals?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180824035613/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2012/05/paolo_gabriele_case_how_does_the_vatican_deal_with_criminals_.html">Archived</a> 24 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>. 30 May 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,460967,00.html">Is the Vatican a Rogue State?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406122805/http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,460967,00.html">Archived</a> 6 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" <i><a href="/wiki/Spiegel_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiegel Online">Spiegel Online</a></i>. 19 January 2007. 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Vatican City State. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100710054455/https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/Internationalrelations/Participation_with_international_Organizations.htm">Archived</a> 10 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also appendix at end of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html">"Bilateral Relations of the Holy See"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140709142833/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html">Archived</a> 9 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. vatican.va</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010164743/https://www.interpol.int/Member-countries/Europe/Vatican-City-State">"Membership Vatican City State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Membership+Vatican+City+State&rft.pub=Interpol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpol.int%2FMember-countries%2FEurope%2FVatican-City-State&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cerf.un.org/our-donors/contributions-by-donor">"Contributions by donor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Central_Emergency_Response_Fund" title="Central Emergency Response Fund">Central Emergency Response Fund</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807043845/https://cerf.un.org/our-donors/contributions-by-donor">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Emergency+Response+Fund&rft.atitle=Contributions+by+donor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcerf.un.org%2Four-donors%2Fcontributions-by-donor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/tax/transparency/AEOI-commitments.pdf">"AEOI: STATUS OF COMMITMENTS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629140220/https://www.oecd.org/tax/transparency/AEOI-commitments.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AEOI%3A+STATUS+OF+COMMITMENTS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ftax%2Ftransparency%2FAEOI-commitments.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/ctp/exchange-of-tax-information/Status_of_convention.pdf">"Jurisdictions participating in the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>OECD</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629140217/https://www.oecd.org/ctp/exchange-of-tax-information/Status_of_convention.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SIGNATORIES+OF+THE+MULTILATERAL+COMPETENT+AUTHORITY+AGREEMENT+ON+AUTOMATIC+EXCHANGE+OF+FINANCIAL+ACCOUNT+INFORMATION+AND+INTENDED+FIRST+INFORMATION+EXCHANGE+DATE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ftax%2Fexchange-of-tax-information%2FMCAA-Signatories.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullella2017" class="citation news cs1">Pullella, Philip (8 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-financial-evaluation-idUSKBN1E20X8">"Vatican should bring money-laundering cases to trial, watchdog..."</a> <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602095231/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-financial-evaluation-idUSKBN1E20X8">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Vatican+should+bring+money-laundering+cases+to+trial%2C+watchdog...&rft.date=2017-12-08&rft.aulast=Pullella&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-vatican-financial-evaluation-idUSKBN1E20X8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerryer2018" class="citation web cs1">Perryer, Sophie (20 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europeanceo.com/finance/top-5-financial-transgressions-committed-by-the-vatican/">"Top 5 financial transgressions committed by the Vatican"</a>. <i>European CEO</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327132811/https://www.europeanceo.com/finance/top-5-financial-transgressions-committed-by-the-vatican/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+CEO&rft.atitle=Top+5+financial+transgressions+committed+by+the+Vatican&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft.aulast=Perryer&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanceo.com%2Ffinance%2Ftop-5-financial-transgressions-committed-by-the-vatican%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilley2013" class="citation news cs1">Willey, David (18 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-23289297">"The Vatican Bank is rocked by scandal again"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629142358/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-23289297">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Vatican+Bank+is+rocked+by+scandal+again&rft.date=2013-07-18&rft.aulast=Willey&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-23289297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.imf.org/?sk=388DFA60-1D26-4ADE-B505-A05A558D9A42">" "</a>. <i>IMF Data</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191215234732/https://data.imf.org/?sk=388DFA60-1D26-4ADE-B505-A05A558D9A42">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF+Data&rft.atitle=%26ensp%3B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.imf.org%2F%3Fsk%3D388DFA60-1D26-4ADE-B505-A05A558D9A42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-economy_factbook-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-economy_factbook_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/">"Holy See (Vatican City): Economy"</a>. <i>CIA – The World Factbook</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126204237/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Holy+See+%28Vatican+City%29%3A+Economy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fholy-see-vatican-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seans-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Seans_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Malley,_Seán_P.2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Patrick_O%27Malley" title="Seán Patrick O'Malley">O'Malley, Seán P.</a> (28 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cardinalseansblog.org/?p=232">"A Glimpse Inside the Vatican & Msgr. Robert Deeley's Guest Post"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071020213924/http://www.cardinalseansblog.org/?p=232">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Glimpse+Inside+the+Vatican+%26+Msgr.+Robert+Deeley%27s+Guest+Post&rft.date=2006-09-28&rft.au=O%27Malley%2C+Se%C3%A1n+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardinalseansblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/economic_and_monetary_affairs/institutional_and_economic_framework/l25040_en.htm">"Agreements on monetary relations (Monaco, San Marino, the Vatican and Andorra)"</a>. <i>Activities of the European Union: Summaries of legislation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327132038/http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/economic_and_monetary_affairs/institutional_and_economic_framework/l25040_en.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Activities+of+the+European+Union%3A+Summaries+of+legislation&rft.atitle=Agreements+on+monetary+relations+%28Monaco%2C+San+Marino%2C+the+Vatican+and+Andorra%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Flegislation_summaries%2Feconomic_and_monetary_affairs%2Finstitutional_and_economic_framework%2Fl25040_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cathnews.acu.edu.au/604/100.html">"Benedict Vatican euros set for release"</a>. <i>Catholic News</i>. 21 April 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140911140958/http://cathnews.acu.edu.au/604/100.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News&rft.atitle=Benedict+Vatican+euros+set+for+release&rft.date=2006-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcathnews.acu.edu.au%2F604%2F100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christiantelegraph.com/issue6216.html">Holy See's budget shortfall shrinks in 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722045938/https://www.christiantelegraph.com/issue6216.html">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Christian Telegraph</i>. The report quoted deals mainly with the revenues and expenses of the Holy See and mentions only briefly the finances of Vatican City.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pullella, Philip (8 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-laundering-idUSBRE82710J20120308">"U.S. adds Vatican to money-laundering 'concern' list."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816203117/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-laundering-idUSBRE82710J20120308">Archived</a> 16 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Reuters.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VaticanEconomicSecretariat-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VaticanEconomicSecretariat_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140720193128/https://www.theitalynews.net/index.php/sid/220216280/scat/145bb158ac2f80f2/ht/Vatican-financial-system-restructuring-begins-with-new-secretariat">"Vatican financial system restructuring begins with new secretariat"</a>. The Italy News.Net. 25 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theitalynews.net/index.php/sid/220216280/scat/145bb158ac2f80f2/ht/Vatican-financial-system-restructuring-begins-with-new-secretariat">the original</a> on 20 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vatican+financial+system+restructuring+begins+with+new+secretariat&rft.date=2014-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theitalynews.net%2Findex.php%2Fsid%2F220216280%2Fscat%2F145bb158ac2f80f2%2Fht%2FVatican-financial-system-restructuring-begins-with-new-secretariat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/vatican-nft-gallery-1234627189/">"The Vatican Will Create a NFT Gallery to 'Democratize Art'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 2 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220505121235/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/vatican-nft-gallery-1234627189/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Vatican+Will+Create+a+NFT+Gallery+to+%27Democratize+Art%27&rft.date=2022-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artnews.com%2Fart-news%2Fnews%2Fvatican-nft-gallery-1234627189%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citizenship-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citizenship_134-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citizenship_134-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citizenship_134-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/phocadownload/leggi-decreti/Leggesullacittadinanzalaresidenzaelaccesso.pdf">"Law on citizenship, residence and access"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Italian). Vatican City State. 22 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220717184754/https://www.vaticanstate.va/phocadownload/leggi-decreti/Leggesullacittadinanzalaresidenzaelaccesso.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Law+on+citizenship%2C+residence+and+access&rft.pub=Vatican+City+State&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fphocadownload%2Fleggi-decreti%2FLeggesullacittadinanzalaresidenzaelaccesso.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population2011-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population2011_135-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population2011_135-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414002752/https://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/it/stato-e-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html">"Population"</a> (in Italian). Vatican City State. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/it/stato-e-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html">the original</a> on 14 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population&rft.pub=Vatican+City+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fcontent%2Fvaticanstate%2Fit%2Fstato-e-governo%2Fnote-generali%2Fpopolazione.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMrowiÅ„ska2013" class="citation web cs1">MrowiÅ„ska, Alina (26 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcrunch.com/the-next-pope/behind-the-walls-what-it039s-like-to-live-inside-the-vatican-for-a-woman">"Behind The Walls: What It's Like To Live Inside The Vatican, For A Woman"</a>. NET TV – Catholic TV from the Diocese of Brooklyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221113140341/https://worldcrunch.com/the-next-pope/behind-the-walls-what-it039s-like-to-live-inside-the-vatican-for-a-woman">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Behind+The+Walls%3A+What+It%27s+Like+To+Live+Inside+The+Vatican%2C+For+A+Woman&rft.pub=NET+TV+%E2%80%93+Catholic+TV+from+the+Diocese+of+Brooklyn&rft.date=2013-02-26&rft.aulast=Mrowi%C3%85%E2%80%9Eska&rft.aufirst=Alina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldcrunch.com%2Fthe-next-pope%2Fbehind-the-walls-what-it039s-like-to-live-inside-the-vatican-for-a-woman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://netny.tv/episodes/currents/raising-children-within-vatican-swiss-guard-family/">"Raising Children Within the Vatican: Life of a Swiss Guard Family"</a>. Pew Research Center. 5 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307163613/https://netny.tv/episodes/currents/raising-children-within-vatican-swiss-guard-family/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Raising+Children+Within+the+Vatican%3A+Life+of+a+Swiss+Guard+Family&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnetny.tv%2Fepisodes%2Fcurrents%2Fraising-children-within-vatican-swiss-guard-family%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vatican City State appendix to the <a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a> is entirely in Italian.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/content/vatican.html">"Vatican"</a>. <i>The Holy See</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206111318/http://www.vatican.va//">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Holy+See&rft.atitle=Vatican&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fvatican.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/">Vatican City State</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191011232552/https://vaticanstate.va/">Archived</a> 11 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_141-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_141-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/vatican-city-drinks-more-wine-per-person-than-anywhere-else-in-the-world-9151475.html">"Vatican City drinks more wine per person than anywhere else in the world"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 25 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180727222225/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/vatican-city-drinks-more-wine-per-person-than-anywhere-else-in-the-world-9151475.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Culture&rft.atitle=The+Vatican+Library+Goes+Online+and+Digitizes+Tens+of+Thousands+of+Manuscripts%2C+Books%2C+Coins%2C+and+More&rft.date=2020-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openculture.com%2F2020%2F01%2Fthe-vatican-library-goes-online-and-digitizes-tens-of-thousands-of-manuscripts-books-coins-and-more.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_147-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_147-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/286">"Vatican City – UNESCO World Heritage Centre"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whc.unesco.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Whc.unesco.org">whc.unesco.org</a></i>. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203638/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/286/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whc.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Vatican+City+%E2%80%93+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pas.va/en/about/history.html">"History"</a>. 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Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Vatican+sends+holy+rouleur+Down+Under+on+world+road+cycling+mission&rft.date=2022-09-23&rft.aulast=Pender&rft.aufirst=Kieran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2Fblog%2F2022%2Fsep%2F24%2Fvatican-sends-holy-rouleur-to-wollongong-on-world-road-cycling-mission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Med_Games-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Med_Games_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/sports-africa-religion-marathons-7cc49933950805875868eafce3c398c6">"Vatican runner to compete in half marathon at Med Games"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 28 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317065921/https://apnews.com/article/sports-africa-religion-marathons-7cc49933950805875868eafce3c398c6">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Vatican+runner+to+compete+in+half+marathon+at+Med+Games&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsports-africa-religion-marathons-7cc49933950805875868eafce3c398c6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LOsservatore_Romano_2023_a014-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LOsservatore_Romano_2023_a014_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osservatoreromano.va/en/news/2023-11/ing-045/promoting-solidarity-and-peace-through-sports.html">"Promoting solidarity and peace through sports"</a>. <i>L'Osservatore Romano</i>. 10 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240405133324/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/en/news/2023-11/ing-045/promoting-solidarity-and-peace-through-sports.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Osservatore+Romano&rft.atitle=Promoting+solidarity+and+peace+through+sports&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osservatoreromano.va%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2023-11%2Fing-045%2Fpromoting-solidarity-and-peace-through-sports.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190204065802/http://www.guardiasvizzera.va/content/guardiasvizzera/en/guardia/vita-nella-guardia.html">"Life in the Guard"</a>. <i>Pontifical Swiss Guard</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guardiasvizzera.va/content/guardiasvizzera/en/guardia/vita-nella-guardia.html">the original</a> on 4 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pontifical+Swiss+Guard&rft.atitle=Life+in+the+Guard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardiasvizzera.va%2Fcontent%2Fguardiasvizzera%2Fen%2Fguardia%2Fvita-nella-guardia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/informazione_generale/sp_ss_scv_info-generale_en.html">"Holy See – State of the Vatican City"</a>. Vatican Papal Conclave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100529155107/https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/informazione_generale/sp_ss_scv_info-generale_en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holy+See+%E2%80%93+State+of+the+Vatican+City&rft.pub=Vatican+Papal+Conclave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fnews_services%2Fpress%2Fdocumentazione%2Fdocuments%2Fsp_ss_scv%2Finformazione_generale%2Fsp_ss_scv_info-generale_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sinfin-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sinfin_159-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sinfin_159-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sinfin_159-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sinfin.net/railways/world/vatican/vaticanrail.html#Origini">"Railways of the World"</a>. Sinfin.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010161429/http://www.sinfin.net/railways/world/vatican/vaticanrail.html#Origini">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Railways+of+the+World&rft.pub=Sinfin.net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinfin.net%2Frailways%2Fworld%2Fvatican%2Fvaticanrail.html%23Origini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rometoolkit.com/whattodo/vatican.htm">"The Vatican Museums & St Peter's, Rome; getting there -"</a>. <i>www.rometoolkit.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202751/https://www.rometoolkit.com/whattodo/vatican.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rometoolkit.com&rft.atitle=The+Vatican+Museums+%26+St+Peter%27s%2C+Rome%3B+getting+there+-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rometoolkit.com%2Fwhattodo%2Fvatican.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=20631">On call 24/7: Vatican phone system directs thousands of call each day</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121219033109/https://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=20631">Archived</a> 19 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 24 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/radio/index.htm">"Vatican Radio – Index"</a>. Vatican.va. 2 September 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503202313/http://www.vatican.va/news_services/radio/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+Radio+%E2%80%93+Index&rft.pub=Vatican.va&rft.date=2005-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fnews_services%2Fradio%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/television/index.htm">"Vatican Television Center – Index"</a>. Vatican.va. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503202319/http://www.vatican.va/news_services/television/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+Television+Center+%E2%80%93+Index&rft.pub=Vatican.va&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fnews_services%2Ftelevision%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071211191109/https://www.vaticanphilately.org/vc.htm">"The Early Definitives"</a>. Vatican Philatelic Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanphilately.org/vc.htm">the original</a> on 11 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Early+Definitives&rft.pub=Vatican+Philatelic+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanphilately.org%2Fvc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_165-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_165-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2004" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Al (27 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950CEFDE1738F934A15755C0A9629C8B63&n=Top/News/World/Countries%20and%20Territories/Vatican%20City">"Hail Marys Not Needed: Vatican Mail Will Deliver"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080101222204/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950CEFDE1738F934A15755C0A9629C8B63&n=Top%2FNews%2FWorld%2FCountries%20and%20Territories%2FVatican%20City">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hail+Marys+Not+Needed%3A+Vatican+Mail+Will+Deliver&rft.date=2004-06-27&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D950CEFDE1738F934A15755C0A9629C8B63%26n%3DTop%2FNews%2FWorld%2FCountries%2520and%2520Territories%2FVatican%2520City&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"International postal code: SCV-00120."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/informazione_generale/sp_ss_scv_info-generale_en.html#Targa">www.vatican.va</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100529155107/https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/informazione_generale/sp_ss_scv_info-generale_en.html#Targa">Archived</a> 29 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a> – General Information. Retrieved 23 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-end_sale_of_single-use_plastics-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-end_sale_of_single-use_plastics_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlatz" class="citation web cs1">Glatz, Carol. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2019/07/16/vatican-city-state-set-to-end-sale-of-single-use-plastics/">"Vatican City State set to end sale of single-use plastics"</a>. Crus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190716230355/https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2019/07/16/vatican-city-state-set-to-end-sale-of-single-use-plastics/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+City+State+set+to+end+sale+of+single-use+plastics&rft.pub=Crus&rft.aulast=Glatz&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcruxnow.com%2Fvatican%2F2019%2F07%2F16%2Fvatican-city-state-set-to-end-sale-of-single-use-plastics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwick1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Owen_Chadwick" title="Owen Chadwick">Chadwick, Owen</a> (1988). <i>Britain and the Vatican During the Second World War</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36825-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36825-4"><bdi>978-0-521-36825-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+the+Vatican+During+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-36825-4&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=Owen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2002" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Peter C. (2002). <i>The Lonely Cold War of Pope Pius XII: The Catholic Church and the Division of Europe, 1943–1950</i>. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2326-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2326-5"><bdi>978-0-7735-2326-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lonely+Cold+War+of+Pope+Pius+XII%3A+The+Catholic+Church+and+the+Division+of+Europe%2C+1943%E2%80%931950&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-2326-5&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorley1980" class="citation book cs1">Morley, John F. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vaticandiplomacy00morl"><i>Vatican Diplomacy and the Jews During the Holocaust, 1939–1943</i></a>. New York: Ktav Pub. House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87068-701-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87068-701-3"><bdi>978-0-87068-701-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vatican+Diplomacy+and+the+Jews+During+the+Holocaust%2C+1939%E2%80%931943&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ktav+Pub.+House&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-87068-701-3&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvaticandiplomacy00morl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Nichols69" class="citation book cs1">Nichols, Fiona (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S-TekVnvyx4C&pg=PA85"><i>Rome and the Vatican</i></a>. London: New Holland. pp. 85–96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84537-500-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84537-500-3"><bdi>978-1-84537-500-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+and+the+Vatican&rft.place=London&rft.pages=85-96&rft.pub=New+Holland&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84537-500-3&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS-TekVnvyx4C%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicciBegni2003" class="citation book cs1">Ricci, Corrado; Begni, Ernesto (2003) [1914]. <i>The Vatican: Its History, Its Treasures</i>. Kessinger Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-3941-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-3941-1"><bdi>978-0-7661-3941-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vatican%3A+Its+History%2C+Its+Treasures&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-3941-1&rft.aulast=Ricci&rft.aufirst=Corrado&rft.au=Begni%2C+Ernesto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetacco2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petacco, Laura (2016). "<i>La Meta Romuli</i> e il <i>Terebinthus Neronis</i>". In Claudio Parisi Presicce; Laura Petacco (eds.). <i>La Spina: dall'Agro vaticano a via della Conciliazione</i> (in Italian). Rome. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-492-3320-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-492-3320-9"><bdi>978-88-492-3320-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Meta+Romuli+e+il+Terebinthus+Neronis&rft.btitle=La+Spina%3A+dall%27Agro+vaticano+a+via+della+Conciliazione&rft.pub=Rome&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-88-492-3320-9&rft.aulast=Petacco&rft.aufirst=Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiverani2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Liverani, Paolo (2016). "<i>Un destino di marginalità: storia e topografia dell'area vaticana nell'antichità</i>". In Claudio Parisi Presicce; Laura Petacco (eds.). <i>La Spina: dall'Agro vaticano a via della Conciliazione</i> (in Italian). Rome. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-492-3320-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-492-3320-9"><bdi>978-88-492-3320-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Un+destino+di+marginalit%C3%A0%3A+storia+e+topografia+dell%27area+vaticana+nell%27antichit%C3%A0&rft.btitle=La+Spina%3A+dall%27Agro+vaticano+a+via+della+Conciliazione&rft.pub=Rome&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-88-492-3320-9&rft.aulast=Liverani&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Shaw, Tamsin, "Ethical Espionage" (review of Calder Walton, <i>Spies: The Epic Intelligence War Between East and West</i>, Simon and Schuster, 2023, 672 pp.; and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Fabre" title="Cécile Fabre">Cécile Fabre</a>, <i>Spying Through a Glass Darkly: The Ethics of Espionage and Counter-Intelligence</i>, Oxford University Press, 251 pp., 2024), <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>, vol. LXXI, no. 2 (8 February 2024), pp. 32, 34–35. "[I]n Walton's view, there was scarcely a US <a href="/wiki/Covert_operation" title="Covert operation">covert action</a> that was a long-term strategic success, with the possible exception of intervention in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet-Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-Afghan War">Soviet-Afghan War</a> (a disastrous military fiasco for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviets</a>) and perhaps support for the anti-Soviet <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity movement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>." (p. 34.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Vatican City</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vatican_City" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Vatican City">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vaticano" class="extiw" title="c:Vaticano">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:The_Vatican" class="extiw" title="n:Category:The Vatican">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Vatican City">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237" class="extiw" title="d:Q237">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/en/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html">Official website</a></span></span> of the Holy See</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Vatican_City" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Vatican City">Wikimedia Atlas of Vatican City</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/36989">Vatican City</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Svaxr4erV_Q">Inside the Vatican</a> on <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a> <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> channel</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210073743/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-h/holy-see-vatican-city.html">Vatican Chief of State and Cabinet Members</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/">Holy See (Vatican City)</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607084938/https://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/holysee.htm">Holy See (Vatican City)</a> from <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17994868">Vatican</a> from <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/107497"><i>The Vatican: spirit and art of Christian Rome</i></a>, a <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">book</a> from <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">The Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> (fully available on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> as <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vatican_City_topics" title="Template:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vatican_City_topics" title="Template talk:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vatican_City_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vatican_City_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatican City</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200;hlist"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">List of sovereigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for Vatican City">Vicar General for Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_in_the_Vatican" title="Prisoner in the Vatican">Prisoner in the Vatican</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tombs_in_Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica">Papal tombs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_City" title="Leonine City">Leonine City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortile_del_Belvedere" title="Cortile del Belvedere">Cortile del Belvedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_degli_Ungheresi" title="Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi">Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgo_Nuovo_(Rome)" title="Borgo Nuovo (Rome)">Borgo Nuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgo_Vecchio_(Rome)" title="Borgo Vecchio (Rome)">Borgo Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Scossacavalli" title="Piazza Scossacavalli">Piazza Scossacavalli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vatican_City" title="Geography of Vatican City">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="St._Peter&#039;s_Basilica" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Chair of Saint Peter">Chair of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Baldachin" title="St. Peter's Baldachin">St. Peter's Baldachin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Necropolis" title="Vatican Necropolis">Vatican Necropolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_tomb" title="Saint Peter's tomb">Saint Peter's tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extant_papal_tombs" title="List of extant papal tombs">Papal tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Julii" title="Tomb of the Julii">Tomb of the Julii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Grottoes" title="Vatican Grottoes">Vatican Grottoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Royal_Stuarts" title="Monument to the Royal Stuarts">Monument to the Royal Stuarts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoris_Mater_Chapel" title="Redemptoris Mater Chapel">Redemptoris Mater Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgia_Apartments" title="Borgia Apartments">Borgia Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_Hall" title="Clementine Hall">Clementine Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_apartments" title="Papal apartments">Papal apartments</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stufetta_del_cardinal_Bibbiena" title="Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena">Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Paolina" title="Cappella Paolina">Cappella Paolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Rooms" title="Raphael Rooms">Raphael Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccoline_Chapel" title="Niccoline Chapel">Niccoline Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sala_Regia_(Vatican)" title="Sala Regia (Vatican)">Sala Regia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala_Regia_(Vatican)" title="Scala Regia (Vatican)">Scala Regia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)">altarpiece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_of_Tears" title="Room of Tears">Room of Tears</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Historical_Museum" title="Vatican Historical Museum">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinacoteca_Vaticana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinacoteca Vaticana">Paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_of_Modern_and_Contemporary_Art,_Vatican_Museums" title="Collection of Modern and Contemporary Art, Vatican Museums">Modern and Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Pio-Clementino_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Pio-Clementino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Chiaramonti_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Chiaramonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Gregoriano_Etrusco_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Gregoriano Etrusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Gregoriano_Egiziano_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Gregoriano Egiziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Pio_Cristiano" title="Museo Pio Cristiano">Pio Cristiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anima_Mundi,_Vatican_City" title="Anima Mundi, Vatican City">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramante_Staircase" title="Bramante Staircase">Bramante Staircase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Gallery_of_Maps" title="Vatican Gallery of Maps">Maps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Tower" title="Gregorian Tower">Gregorian Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casina_Pio_IV" title="Casina Pio IV">Casina Pio IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anna_dei_Palafrenieri" title="Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri">Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Sanctae_Marthae" title="Domus Sanctae Marthae">Domus Sanctae Marthae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Sanctae_Marthae" title="Domus Sanctae Marthae">Holy Spirit Chapel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Vatican_City" title="Gardens of Vatican City">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Piet%C3%A0_in_Camposanto_dei_Teutonici" title="Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici">Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Teutonico" title="Collegio Teutonico">Collegio Teutonico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Cemetery" title="Teutonic Cemetery">Teutonic Cemetery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mater_Ecclesiae_Monastery" title="Mater Ecclesiae Monastery">Mater Ecclesiae Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Egidio_in_Borgo" title="Sant'Egidio in Borgo">Sant'Egidio in Borgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Martino_e_Sebastiano_degli_Svizzeri" title="Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri">Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_VI_Audience_Hall" title="Paul VI Audience Hall">Paul VI Audience Hall</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Resurrection_(Fazzini)" title="The Resurrection (Fazzini)">The Resurrection</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passetto_di_Borgo" title="Passetto di Borgo">Passetto di Borgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pellegrino_in_Vaticano" title="San Pellegrino in Vaticano">San Pellegrino in Vaticano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountains_of_St._Peter%27s_Square" title="Fountains of St. Peter's Square">Fountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pellegrino" title="Porta San Pellegrino">Porta San Pellegrino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricciolo_d%27Italia" title="Ricciolo d'Italia">Ricciolo d'Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Tower_(Vatican_City)" title="Saint John's Tower (Vatican City)">Saint John's Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_degli_Abissini" title="Santo Stefano degli Abissini">Santo Stefano degli Abissini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Pharmacy" title="Vatican Pharmacy">Vatican Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Hill" title="Vatican Hill">Vatican Hill</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for Vatican City">Vicar General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vatican_City" title="Law of Vatican City">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vatican_City" title="Crime in Vatican City">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Law_of_Vatican_City_State" title="Fundamental Law of Vatican City State">Fundamental Law</a></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Pietro Parolin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City#Executive" title="Politics of Vatican City">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_commission" title="Pontifical commission">Commissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">For Vatican City State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_in_Vatican_City" title="Military in Vatican City">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">Corps of Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Firefighters_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State">Corps of Firefighters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vatican_City" title="Economy of Vatican City">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion" title="Institute for the Works of Religion">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_euro_coins" title="Vatican euro coins">Vatican euro coins</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Communications">Communications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.va" title=".va">.va [Internet domain]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poste_Vaticane" title="Poste Vaticane">Poste Vaticane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City">Postage stamps and postal history</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vatican_City" title="Tourism in Vatican City">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vatican_City" title="Transport in Vatican City">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_Heliport" title="Vatican City Heliport">Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Railway" title="Vatican Railway">Rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Advanced_Technology_Telescope" title="Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope">AT telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Observatory" title="Vatican Observatory">observatory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Vatican_City" title="Architecture of Vatican City">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archives_in_Vatican_City" title="List of archives in Vatican City">Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Archive" title="Vatican Apostolic Archive">Apostolic Archive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Climate_Forest" title="Vatican Climate Forest">Climate Forest</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Demographics">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vatican_City" title="Languages of Vatican City">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Film_Library" title="Vatican Film Library">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City" title="Music of Vatican City">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_Choir" title="Sistine Chapel Choir">Sistine Chapel Choir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philatelic_and_Numismatic_Office_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State">Philatelic and Numismatic Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vatican_City" title="Public holidays in Vatican City">Public holidays</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Media" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Vatican_City" title="Category:Mass media in Vatican City">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Information_Service" title="Vatican Information Service">Vatican Information Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News_App" title="Vatican News App">Vatican News App</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Publishing_House" title="Vatican Publishing House">Vatican Publishing House</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope2you" title="Pope2you">Pope2you</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Vatican City">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Anthem" title="Pontifical Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City" title="Coat of arms of Vatican City">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vatican_City" title="Flag of Vatican City">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Amateur_Sports_Association" title="Vatican Amateur Sports Association">Amateur Sports Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_cricket_team" title="Vatican City cricket team">Cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_national_football_team" title="Vatican City national football team">National football team</a> (Men)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_women%27s_national_football_team" title="Vatican City women's national football team">National football team</a> (Women)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Athletics" title="Vatican Athletics">Vatican Athletics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200;hlist"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Art_of_the_Sistine_Chapel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sistine_Chapel" title="Template:Sistine Chapel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sistine_Chapel" title="Template talk:Sistine Chapel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sistine_Chapel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sistine Chapel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Art_of_the_Sistine_Chapel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Art of the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%">Life of <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Moses_Leaving_for_Egypt_(Perugino)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moses Leaving for Egypt (Perugino)">Moses Leaving for Egypt</a></i> <sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Youth_of_Moses" title="Youth of Moses">The Youth of Moses</a></i> <sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crossing_of_the_Red_Sea_(Sistine_Chapel)" title="The Crossing of the Red Sea (Sistine Chapel)">The Crossing of the Red Sea</a></i> <sup>3/4/5</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Descent_from_Mount_Sinai_(Sistine_Chapel)" title="Descent from Mount Sinai (Sistine Chapel)">The Descent from Mount Sinai</a></i> <sup>3/6</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Punishment_of_the_Sons_of_Korah" title="Punishment of the Sons of Korah">The Punishment of the Sons of Korah</a></i> <sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Testament_and_Death_of_Moses" title="Testament and Death of Moses">Testament and Death of Moses</a></i> <sup>7/8</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hands_of_God_and_Adam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Hands_of_God_and_Adam.jpg/100px-Hands_of_God_and_Adam.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Hands_of_God_and_Adam.jpg/150px-Hands_of_God_and_Adam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Hands_of_God_and_Adam.jpg/200px-Hands_of_God_and_Adam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%">Life of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Christ_(Perugino,_Rome)" title="Baptism of Christ (Perugino, Rome)">The Baptism of Christ</a></i> <sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Temptations_of_Christ_(Botticelli)" title="Temptations of Christ (Botticelli)">The Temptations of Christ</a></i> <sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vocation_of_the_Apostles" title="Vocation of the Apostles">The Vocation of the Apostles</a></i> <sup>4</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">The Sermon on the Mount</a></i> <sup>3</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delivery_of_the_Keys_(Perugino)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delivery of the Keys (Perugino)">The Delivery of the Keys</a></i> <sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper_(Rosselli)" title="Last Supper (Rosselli)">The Last Supper</a></i> <sup>3/5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Ceiling</a> <sup>9</sup> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling">Gallery</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold">Scenes from<br />Genesis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Light_from_Darkness" title="Separation of Light from Darkness">The Separation of Light from Darkness</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_the_Sun,_Moon,_and_Plants" title="The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants">The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants</a></i></li> <li><i>The Separation of Land and Water</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam" title="The Creation of Adam">The Creation of Adam</a></i></li> <li><i>The Creation of Eve</i></li> <li><i>The Fall and Expulsion from the Garden of Eden</i></li> <li><i>The Sacrifice of Noah</i></li> <li><i>The Flood</i></li> <li><i>The Drunkenness of Noah</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold">Prophets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophet_Jonah_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Jonah (Michelangelo)">Jonah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophet_Jeremiah_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Jeremiah (Michelangelo)">Jeremiah</a></i></li> <li><i>Ezekiel</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophet_Joel_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Joel (Michelangelo)">Joel</a></i></li> <li><i>Zechariah</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophet_Isaiah_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Isaiah (Michelangelo)">Isaiah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophet_Daniel_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Daniel (Michelangelo)">Daniel</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold">Sibyls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Persian_Sibyl" title="Persian Sibyl">Persian Sibyl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erythraean_Sibyl" title="Erythraean Sibyl">Erythraean Sibyl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delphic_Sibyl" title="Delphic Sibyl">Delphic Sibyl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Cumaean Sibyl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sibyl" title="Libyan Sibyl">Libyan Sibyl</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%">Altar wall</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)">The Last Judgment</a></i> <sup>9</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%">Tapestries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Cartoons" title="Raphael Cartoons">Raphael Cartoons</a></i> <sup>10</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_patronage_of_Julius_II" title="Art patronage of Julius II">Art patronage of Julius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_frescoes" title="Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes">Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_Choir" title="Sistine Chapel Choir">Sistine Chapel Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_of_Tears" title="Room of Tears">Room of Tears</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatican City</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Agony_and_the_Ecstasy_(film)" title="The Agony and the Ecstasy (film)">The Agony and the Ecstasy</a></i> (1965 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: gold"><div> <ul><li><b>Key</b>: <sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Perugino" title="Pietro Perugino">Pietro Perugino</a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a></li> <li><sup>3</sup> <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_Rosselli" title="Cosimo Rosselli">Cosimo Rosselli</a></li> <li><sup>4</sup> <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Ghirlandaio" title="Domenico Ghirlandaio">Domenico Ghirlandaio</a></li> <li><sup>5</sup> <a href="/wiki/Biagio_d%27Antonio" title="Biagio d'Antonio">Biagio d'Antonio</a><br /></li> <li><sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Piero_di_Cosimo" title="Piero di Cosimo">Piero di Cosimo</a></li> <li><sup>7</sup> <a href="/wiki/Luca_Signorelli" title="Luca Signorelli">Luca Signorelli</a></li> <li><sup>8</sup> <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_della_Gatta" title="Bartolomeo della Gatta">Bartolomeo della Gatta</a></li> <li><sup>9</sup> <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a></li> <li><sup>10</sup> <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template talk:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Catholic_Church_articles" title="Index of Catholic Church articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic Church">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Glossary of the Catholic Church">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholics" title="Lists of Catholics">Lists of Catholics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Petrine primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Primacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Islamic conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Schism (1054)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Schism (1378)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Protestant">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic tradition">Tradition</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Body and soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li>Official Bible <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Three states</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">In canon law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">Mariology of the popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Mariology of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Moral theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalism (Catholic)">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Science and the Catholic Church">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Catholic)">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Organisation<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">Precedence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">By country</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatican City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">Diocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior, Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Marian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_artists" title="List of Catholic artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_writers" title="List of Catholic writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholic_church_buildings" title="Lists of Catholic church buildings">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">Altarpieces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_music" title="Category:Catholic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Distinctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilisation</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_media" title="Category:Catholic media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican Polyglot Press</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Religious orders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">institutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Annonciades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehemites" title="Bethlehemites">Bethlehemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Blue nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldoleses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Clarisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetans" title="Olivetans">Olivetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoristines" title="Redemptoristines">Redemptoristines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Marian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Lay Carmelites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Discalced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)#International" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">Fimcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Charismatic Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a><br /></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church" title="Category:Catholic Church">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Holy_See" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holy_See" title="Template:Holy See"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holy_See" title="Template talk:Holy See"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holy_See" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holy See"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holy_See" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_see" title="Apostolic see">Apostolic</a> <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">episcopal see</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a> as <a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop in the Catholic Church">bishop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty and government</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_Holy_See" title="Legal status of the Holy See">Sovereign judicial entity</a> under <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_see" title="Apostolic see">Apostolic see</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Primacy of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">History of papal primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrimony_of_Saint_Peter" title="Patrimony of Saint Peter">Patrimony of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Museum" title="Lateran Museum">Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Rome" title="Duchy of Rome">Duchy of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Sutri" title="Donation of Sutri">Donation of Sutri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Pepin" title="Donation of Pepin">Donation of Pepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_of_the_Holy_See" title="Temporal power of the Holy See">Temporal power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popes_during_the_Age_of_Revolution" title="Popes during the Age of Revolution">Age of Revolution</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_in_the_Vatican" title="Prisoner in the Vatican">Prisoner in the Vatican</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_during_the_Savoyard_era_(1870%E2%80%931929)" title="Vatican during the Savoyard era (1870–1929)">Savoyard era</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatican City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican City in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Warsaw Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereign<br />judicial entity</a><br /><small>under<br /><a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international<br />law</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_Holy_See" title="Legal status of the Holy See">Legal status</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Official" title="Official">Officials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Pietro Parolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Papal conclave</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_commission" title="Pontifical commission">Commissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">For Vatican City State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign affairs</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Multilateral_foreign_policy_of_the_Holy_See" title="Multilateral foreign policy of the Holy See">Multilateral policy</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Section_for_Relations_with_States_(Roman_Curia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)">Section for Relations with States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_to_the_Holy_See" title="List of diplomatic missions to the Holy See">To the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See">Of the Holy See</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_the_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See" title="List of heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See">Heads</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Holy See–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_and_the_United_Nations" title="Holy See and the United Nations">United Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations">Permanent Observer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_United_Nations_in_Geneva" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva">in Geneva</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Holy See–European Union relations">European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Council of Europe">Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_nunciature" title="Apostolic nunciature">Apostolic nunciature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">Nuncio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Treaties of the Holy See">Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordats</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese<br />of Rome</a><br /><small>with <a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction" title="Universal jurisdiction">universal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">full communion</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Papal primacy</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Synods" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church#Ordinary_general_assemblies" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Ordinary general assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church#Extraordinary_general_assemblies" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Extraordinary general assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church#Special_assemblies" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Special assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical Province of Rome">Ecclesiastical<br />province of Rome</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Vicariate</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vicar" title="Cardinal Vicar">Rome</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for Vatican City">Vatican City</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suburbicarian_diocese" title="Suburbicarian diocese">Suburbicarian sees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Ostia" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia">Ostia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Velletri-Segni" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri-Segni">Velletri-Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Porto-Santa_Rufina" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Porto-Santa Rufina">Porto-Santa Rufina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Frascati" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Frascati">Frascati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Palestrina" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina">Palestrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Albano" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano">Albano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Sabina-Poggio_Mirteto" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto">Sabina-Poggio Mirteto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_abbey" title="Territorial abbey">Territorial abbeys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Abbey_of_Montecassino" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Abbey of Montecassino">Montecassino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Scholastica,_Subiaco" title="Abbey of Saint Scholastica, Subiaco">Subiaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suffragan_diocese" title="Suffragan diocese">Suffragan dioceses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Gaeta" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gaeta">Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Anagni-Alatri" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Anagni-Alatri">Anagni-Alatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Civita_Castellana" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Civita Castellana">Civita Castellana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Civitavecchia-Tarquinia" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Civitavecchia-Tarquinia">Civitavecchia-Tarquinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino">Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno">Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Rieti" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Rieti">Rieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo">Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tivoli" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tivoli">Tivoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Viterbo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Viterbo">Viterbo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a><br /><small>including<br /><a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extra-<br />territoriality</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Inside<br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilicas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Maggiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica of Saint Mary Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Lateran_University" title="Pontifical Lateran University">Lateran University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala_Sancta" title="Scala Sancta">Scala Sancta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancta_Sanctorum_(Lateran,_Rome)" title="Sancta Sanctorum (Lateran, Rome)">Sancta Sanctorum</a></li> <li>Adjoining buildings</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_San_Callisto" title="Palazzo San Callisto">Palace of Saint Callixtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianicolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gianicolo">Gianicolo</a> Hill area <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Urban_University" title="Pontifical Urban University">Pontifical Urban University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_North_American_College" title="Pontifical North American College">Pontifical North American College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambino_Ges%C3%B9_Hospital" title="Bambino Gesù Hospital">Bambino Gesù Hospital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_della_Cancelleria" title="Palazzo della Cancelleria">Palazzo della Cancelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_di_Propaganda_Fide" title="Palazzo di Propaganda Fide">Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Holy_Office" title="Palace of the Holy Office">Palace of the Holy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Convertendi" title="Palazzo dei Convertendi">Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazzo_Pio_(Borgo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazzo Pio (Borgo) (page does not exist)">Palazzo Pio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Maffei_Marescotti" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Maffei Marescotti">Palace of the Vicariate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Roman_Major_Seminary" title="Pontifical Roman Major Seminary">Pontifical Minor Roman Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Teutonico" title="Collegio Teutonico">Collegio Teutonico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Cemetery" title="Teutonic Cemetery">Teutonic Cemetery</a></li></ul></li> <li>Benedictine monastery</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontifical_Oratory_of_San_Paolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo (page does not exist)">Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beda_College" title="Beda College">Beda College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_VI_Audience_Hall" title="Paul VI Audience Hall">Paul VI Audience Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Non-extraterritorial" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Non-<br />extraterritorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Palace of the <a href="/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Rome" title="Santi Apostoli, Rome">Holy Apostles</a></li> <li>Palace of <a href="/wiki/San_Carlo_ai_Catinari" title="San Carlo ai Catinari">San Carlo ai Catinari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegio_Bellarmino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegio Bellarmino (page does not exist)">Collegio Bellarmino</a></li> <li>Archaeological Institute</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Oriental_Institute" title="Pontifical Oriental Institute">Pontifical Oriental Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Lombard_Seminary" title="Pontifical Lombard Seminary">Pontifical Lombard Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegium_Russicum" title="Collegium Russicum">Russian College</a></li> <li>Two Palaces of <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Apollinare_alle_Terme_Neroniane-Alessandrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine">Sant'Apollinare</a></li> <li>House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nympheum_of_Nero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nympheum of Nero (page does not exist)">Nympheum of Nero</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Outside<br />Rome</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Palace_of_Castel_Gandolfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo">Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo</a> <ul><li>Papal farm</li> <li>Gardens of the Villa Cybo</li> <li>Villa <a href="/wiki/Barberini" class="mw-redirect" title="Barberini">Barberini</a></li> <li>Adjacent gardens</li></ul></li> <li>Summer estate of <a href="/wiki/Pontificio_Collegio_Urbano_de_Propaganda_Fide" title="Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide">Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a> antennae area of <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_di_Galeria" class="extiw" title="it:Santa Maria di Galeria">Santa Maria di Galeria</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Non-extraterritorial" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Non-<br />extraterritorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Holy_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of the Holy House">Basilica of the Holy House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Anthony_of_Padua" title="Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua">Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_household" title="Papal household">Papal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter%27s_Pence" title="Peter's Pence">Peter's Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Apostolic Signatura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Papacy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Papacy" title="Template:Papacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Papacy" title="Template talk:Papacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Papacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Papacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Papacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Papacy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop in the Catholic Church">bishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Rome</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Holy_See(Full_communion)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">Full communion</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></b> as <a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop in the Catholic Church">bishop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese of Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Primacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">History</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vatican_City(index,_outline)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatican City</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">index</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">outline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enclaved" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclaved">Enclaved</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a>, 1929</li></ul></li> <li>along with <a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritorial</a> <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">properties of the Holy See</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Headquarters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatican City</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_apartments" title="Papal apartments">Papal apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">cathedra</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilicas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Maggiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica of Saint Mary Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Titles</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal names</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_(style)" title="Holiness (style)">His Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">Bishop of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_of_Christ" title="Vicar of Christ">Vicar of Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Successor_of_the_Prince_of_the_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Successor of the Prince of the Apostles">Successor of the Prince of the Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifex_maximus#Catholic_Church_use_of_the_title" title="Pontifex maximus">Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_West" title="Patriarch of the West">Patriarch of the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Primate of Italy">Primate of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_and_Metropolitan_of_the_Roman_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province">Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_of_the_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign of the Vatican City State">Sovereign of the Vatican City State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_servants_of_God" title="Servant of the servants of God">Servant of the servants of God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coats_of_arms" title="Papal coats of arms">Coats of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Holy_See" title="Coat of arms of the Holy See">Coat of arms of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_cross" title="Papal cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keys_of_Heaven" title="Keys of Heaven">Keys of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_regalia_and_insignia" title="Papal regalia and insignia">Regalia and insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota_(papal_signature)" title="Rota (papal signature)">Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbraculum" title="Umbraculum">Umbraculum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Proclamations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Infallibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Apostolic constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Bull</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_bulls" title="List of papal bulls">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_exhortation" title="Apostolic exhortation">Apostolic exhortation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_letter" title="Ecclesiastical letter">Ecclesiastical letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">Interdict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_arbitration" title="Papal arbitration">Arbitration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_deposing_power" title="Papal deposing power">Deposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_blessing" title="Apostolic blessing">Blessing</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Episcopal_blessing" title="Episcopal blessing">Pontifical</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urbi_et_Orbi" title="Urbi et Orbi">Urbi et Orbi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Conclave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of papal elections">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coronation" title="Papal coronation">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_consistory" title="Papal consistory">Consistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_diplomatics" title="Papal diplomatics">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_inauguration" title="Papal inauguration">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">High Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_travel" title="Papal travel">Travel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">Vestments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camauro" title="Camauro">Camauro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falda" title="Falda">Falda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_fanon" title="Papal fanon">Fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_ferula" title="Papal ferula">Ferula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabellum" title="Flabellum">Flabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cope" title="Cope">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">Mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozzetta" title="Mozzetta">Mozzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">Pallium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_the_Fisherman" title="Ring of the Fisherman">Ring of the Fisherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_shoes" title="Papal shoes">Shoes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_slippers" title="Papal slippers">Slippers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-cinctorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-cinctorium">Sub-cinctorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">Tiara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_tiaras_in_existence" title="List of papal tiaras in existence">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zucchetto" title="Zucchetto">Zucchetto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popemobile" title="Popemobile">Popemobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedia_gestatoria" title="Sedia gestatoria">Sedia gestatoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd One">Shepherd One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papal_household" title="Papal household">Household</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camerlengo_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" title="Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church">Camerlengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_Pontifical_Swiss_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="List of commanders of the Pontifical Swiss Guard">Commander</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_His_Holiness" title="Chaplain of His Holiness">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatinus_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Palatinus in the Catholic Church">Palatinus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_majordomo" title="Papal majordomo">Papal majordomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_gentleman" title="Papal gentleman">Gentlemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Preacher" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Preacher">Preacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Papal_household" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture of the Papal household">Prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelate_of_Honour_of_His_Holiness" title="Prelate of Honour of His Holiness">Prelate of Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_assistant_to_the_Papal_throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince assistant to the Papal throne">Prince assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theologian_of_the_Pontifical_Household" title="Theologian of the Pontifical Household">Theologian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_cardinals" title="List of current cardinals">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_commission" title="Pontifical commission">Commissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">for Vatican City State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Giulia" title="Cappella Giulia">Cappella Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_Choir" title="Sistine Chapel Choir">Sistine Chapel Choir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_nobility" title="Papal nobility">Papal nobility</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Black_nobility" title="Black nobility">Black</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Orders of chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_academy" title="Pontifical academy">Pontifical academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_university" title="Pontifical university">Pontifical university</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_universities_in_Rome" title="Pontifical universities in Rome">in Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Colleges" title="Roman Colleges">Pontifical colleges in Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Roman_Major_Seminary" title="Pontifical Roman Major Seminary">Major Seminary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papabile" title="Papabile">Papabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canonised_popes" title="List of canonised popes">Canonised popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legends_surrounding_the_papacy" title="Legends surrounding the papacy">Legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popes_by_country" title="List of popes by country">Popes by nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sexually_active_popes" title="List of sexually active popes">Sexually active popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope" title="Antipope">Antipope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Category:History of the Catholic Church by country">By country or region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">Papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Catholic ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="History of the Roman Curia">History of the Roman Curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Christian monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Catholic culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a><br />(30–325/476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Origins of Christianity">Origins</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">Apostolic Age</a> (30–100)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Commissioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_of_Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Split of Christianity and Judaism">Split with Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">General epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ante-Nicene_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a> (100–325)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Pope Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a><br />(313–476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Great_Church(180–451)Romanstate_church(380–451)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a><br />(180–451)<br /><a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">Roman<br />state church</a><br />(380–451)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arian_controversy" title="Arian controversy">Arian controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Pope Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict of Nursia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Second Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Byzantine Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic_Church)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_clash_between_the_Church_and_the_Empire" title="The clash between the Church and the Empire">Clash against the empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="First Council of the Lateran">First Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Second Council of the Lateran">Second Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Third Council of the Lateran">Third Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Lyon" title="First Council of Lyon">First Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon" title="Second Council of Lyon">Second Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_V" title="Pope Clement V">Pope Clement V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Vienne" title="Council of Vienne">Council of Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exsurge_Domine" title="Exsurge Domine">Exsurge Domine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Dissolution of the monasteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque period</a> to the<br /><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XI" title="Pope Innocent XI">Pope Innocent XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Suppression of the Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimabara_Rebellion" title="Shimabara Rebellion">Shimabara Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church and politics in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Salette" title="Our Lady of La Salette">Our Lady of La Salette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Our Lady of Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Papal infallibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" title="Mary of the Divine Heart">Mary of the Divine Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Consecration_to_the_Sacred_Heart" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart">Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rerum_novarum" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_20th_century" title="Catholic Church in the 20th century">20th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Our Lady of Fátima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_and_Pius_XII" title="Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII">Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_1942_consecration_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris">Pacem in terris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Pope_Paul_VI" title="Coronation of Pope Paul VI">coronation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I" title="Pope John Paul I">Pope John Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_1995" title="World Youth Day 1995">1995</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2000" title="World Youth Day 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2002" title="World Youth Day 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2005" title="World Youth Day 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2008" title="World Youth Day 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2011" title="World Youth Day 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2013" title="World Youth Day 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2016" title="World Youth Day 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2019" title="World Youth Day 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2023" title="World Youth Day 2023">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27" title="Laudato si'">Laudato si'</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Declaration_of_Pope_Francis_and_Patriarch_Kirill" title="Joint Declaration of Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill">Patriarch Kirill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geographic_locale" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Geographic_locale" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatican City</a><sup>4</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a><sup>3</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a><sup>2</sup> (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Special areas<br />of internal<br />sovereignty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_convention" title="Åland convention">Åland convention</a> of 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">British-Irish Agreement</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li> <li><sup>3</sup> <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">Oceanic islands</a> within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.</li> <li><sup>4</sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> which has sovereignty over Vatican City.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4062404-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vatican City"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80053295">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15336233z">France</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119337484">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15336233z">BnF data</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119337484">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="バチカン"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560559">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vatikán"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131242&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452469">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90911944">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khwzz38331p509f">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/885">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007296233905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/289ea252-a5ae-3dbe-8857-c771a499df18">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/99812e1c-3fcd-4809-9e71-f740a01b762a">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/B7Y8oXOQ">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027255123">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044593">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=32476">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/vatikan">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vatican_City&params=41_54_09_N_12_27_09_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°54′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°27′09″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.90250°N 12.45250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.90250; 12.45250</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" 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