CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Jacques Derrida - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a28362ec-778a-4c51-8e34-2d32aa905114","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Jacques_Derrida","wgTitle":"Jacques Derrida","wgCurRevisionId":1261635096,"wgRevisionId":1261635096,"wgArticleId":53255,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with incomplete citations","Articles with incomplete citations from September 2023","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Articles containing French-language text","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from August 2022","Pages using infobox philosopher with unknown parameters","Articles with hCards","Pages with French IPA", "All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024","All articles that are too technical","Wikipedia articles that are too technical from July 2019","All articles needing expert attention","Articles needing expert attention from July 2019","Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2010","All articles needing additional references","Articles needing additional references from May 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023","Articles needing additional references from December 2022","Articles that may contain original research from December 2022","All articles that may contain original research","Wikipedia spam cleanup from October 2021","Wikipedia further reading cleanup","Wikipedia external links cleanup from October 2021","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Webarchive template other archives","Jacques Derrida","1930 births","2004 deaths","Deaths from pancreatic cancer in France", "French architecture writers","French essayists","French male non-fiction writers","Postmodern writers","Writers about activism and social change","Writers from Algiers","20th-century French anthropologists","20th-century French essayists","20th-century French male writers","20th-century French philosophers","20th-century French translators","21st-century French anthropologists","21st-century French essayists","21st-century French male writers","21st-century French philosophers","21st-century French translators","Architectural theoreticians","Deconstruction","Epistemologists","Jewish philosophers","Judaism and environmentalism","Metaphysicians","Ontologists","Phenomenologists","Philosophers of art","Philosophers of culture","French philosophers of education","Philosophers of history","Philosophers of language","Philosophers of law","Philosophers of linguistics","Philosophers of literature","Philosophers of mind","Philosophers of psychology","Philosophers of science", "Philosophers of social science","Philosophers of technology","Philosophy academics","Political philosophers","Social philosophers","Anti–Iraq War activists","Democracy activists","Ecofeminists","French environmentalists","French feminists","French literary critics","French semioticians","French translation scholars","Hermeneutists","Literacy and society theorists","Literary theorists","Poststructuralists","Rhetoric theorists","Semanticists","Theorists on Western civilization","Trope theorists","African Sephardi Jews","Algerian emigrants to France","Algerian Jews","French people of Algerian-Jewish descent","People from El Biar","Pieds-noirs","École Normale Supérieure alumni","Academic staff of the École Normale Supérieure","Academic staff of European Graduate School","Harvard University alumni","University of California, Irvine faculty","Academic staff of the University of Paris","French secular Jews"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel": "wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Jacques_Derrida","wgRelevantArticleId":53255,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q130631","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile", "model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5e/Jacques_derrida_pardonner_limpardonnable_et_limprescriptible_22.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1714"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5e/Jacques_derrida_pardonner_limpardonnable_et_limprescriptible_22.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1142"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="914"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Jacques Derrida - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Jacques_Derrida rootpage-Jacques_Derrida skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Jacques+Derrida" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Jacques+Derrida" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Jacques+Derrida" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Jacques+Derrida" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life and education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Philosophy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Philosophy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Early works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phenomenology_vs_structuralism_debate_(1959)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phenomenology_vs_structuralism_debate_(1959)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Phenomenology vs structuralism debate (1959) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phenomenology_vs_structuralism_debate_(1959)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1967–1972" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1967–1972"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 1967–1972 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1967–1972-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1973–1980" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1973–1980"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 1973–1980 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1973–1980-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Of_Spirit_(1987)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Of_Spirit_(1987)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Of Spirit (1987) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Of_Spirit_(1987)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s:_political_and_ethical_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s:_political_and_ethical_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 1990s: political and ethical themes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s:_political_and_ethical_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Work_of_Mourning_(1981–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Work_of_Mourning_(1981–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 The Work of Mourning (1981–2001) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Work_of_Mourning_(1981–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2002_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 2002 film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influences_on_Derrida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences_on_Derrida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Influences on Derrida </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences_on_Derrida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peers_and_contemporaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peers_and_contemporaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Peers and contemporaries </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peers_and_contemporaries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Peers and contemporaries subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Peers_and_contemporaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nancy_and_Lacoue-Labarthe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nancy_and_Lacoue-Labarthe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nancy_and_Lacoue-Labarthe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paul_de_Man" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paul_de_Man"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Paul de Man </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paul_de_Man-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Michel_Foucault" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Michel_Foucault"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Michel Foucault </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Michel_Foucault-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derrida's_translators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derrida's_translators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Derrida's translators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derrida's_translators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marshall_McLuhan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marshall_McLuhan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Marshall McLuhan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marshall_McLuhan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architectural_thinkers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architectural_thinkers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Architectural thinkers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architectural_thinkers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criticism_from_Marxists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_from_Marxists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Criticism from Marxists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_from_Marxists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_from_Anglophone_philosophers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_from_Anglophone_philosophers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Criticism from Anglophone philosophers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_from_Anglophone_philosophers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Searle–Derrida_debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Searle–Derrida_debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.1 Searle–Derrida debate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Searle–Derrida_debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cambridge_honorary_doctorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cambridge_honorary_doctorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.2 Cambridge honorary doctorate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cambridge_honorary_doctorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispute_with_Richard_Wolin_and_the_NYRB" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispute_with_Richard_Wolin_and_the_NYRB"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.3 Dispute with Richard Wolin and the NYRB </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispute_with_Richard_Wolin_and_the_NYRB-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_obituaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_obituaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Critical obituaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_obituaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Major works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Biographies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introductory_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introductory_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Introductory works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introductory_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Other works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jacques Derrida</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" > 80 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="جاك دريدا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاك دريدا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak_Derrida" title="Jak Derrida – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jak Derrida" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE" title="জাক দেরিদা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাক দেরিদা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Жак Дэрыда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жак Дэрыда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Жак Дэрыда – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жак Дэрыда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Жак Дерида – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жак Дерида" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CE%BA_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC" title="Ζακ Ντεριντά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζακ Ντεριντά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ژاک دریدا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژاک دریدا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%ED%81%AC_%EB%8D%B0%EB%A6%AC%EB%8B%A4" title="자크 데리다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자크 데리다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D4%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A1" title="Ժակ Դերիդա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժակ Դերիդա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE" title="ज़ाक देरिदा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज़ाक देरिदा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%90%D7%A7_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94" title="ז'אק דרידה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'אק דרידה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%99_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="ჟაკ დერიდა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟაკ დერიდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Жак Деррида – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жак Деррида" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Derrida" title="Iacobus Derrida – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Derrida" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDaks_Derid%C4%81" title="Žaks Deridā – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žaks Deridā" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Жак Дерида – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жак Дерида" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6" title="ഴാക്ക് ദെറിദ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഴാക്ക് ദെറിദ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%99_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="ჟაკ დერიდა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჟაკ დერიდა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="جاك دريدا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاك دريدا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%AA%E3%83%80" title="ジャック・デリダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャック・デリダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE" title="ਯਾਕ ਦੇਰੀਦਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯਾਕ ਦੇਰੀਦਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ژاک دریدا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ژاک دریدا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%89%D8%A7" title="ژاک ديرېډا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژاک ديرېډا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Деррида, Жак – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деррида, Жак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Жак Дерида – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жак Дерида" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE" title="ஜாக்கஸ் தெரிதா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜாக்கஸ் தெரிதா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Жак Дерріда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жак Дерріда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ژاک دریدا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ژاک دریدا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jacques Derrida" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%BE%BE" title="雅克·德里达 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="雅克·德里达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%8C%E9%81%94" title="雅克·德希達 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雅克·德希達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%BE%BE" title="雅克·德里达 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雅克·德里达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130631#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Jacques_Derrida" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Jacques_Derrida" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Jacques_Derrida" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&oldid=1261635096" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Jacques_Derrida&id=1261635096&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJacques_Derrida">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJacques_Derrida">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Jacques_Derrida&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jacques_Derrida" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130631" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French philosopher (1930–2004)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Derrida" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Derrida_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Derrida (disambiguation)">Derrida (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jacques Derrida</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_derrida_pardonner_limpardonnable_et_limprescriptible_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/Jacques_derrida_pardonner_limpardonnable_et_limprescriptible_22.jpg/220px-Jacques_derrida_pardonner_limpardonnable_et_limprescriptible_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5e/Jacques_derrida_pardonner_limpardonnable_et_limprescriptible_22.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="377" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jackie Élie Derrida</div> (1930-07-15)15 July 1930 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/El_Biar" title="El Biar">El Biar</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 October 2004(2004-10-09) (aged 74) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Paris, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure" title="École normale supérieure">École normale supérieure</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctoral_candidate" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctoral candidate">Dr. cand.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctorat_d%27%C3%89tat" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctorat d'État">DrE</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Aucouturier" title="Marguerite Aucouturier">Marguerite Aucouturier</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1957)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Alf%C3%A9ri" title="Pierre Alféri">Pierre Alféri</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/20th-century_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="20th-century philosophy">20th-century philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">Continental philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">Post-structuralism</a> (disavowed)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_hermeneutics" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical hermeneutics">Radical hermeneutics</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data org"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_en_Sciences_Sociales" class="mw-redirect" title="École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales">École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_international_de_philosophie" title="Collège international de philosophie">Collège international de philosophie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_Graduate_School" title="European Graduate School">European Graduate School</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Marion" title="Jean-Luc Marion">Jean-Luc Marion</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Francis Fukuyama</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable ideas</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Diff%C3%A9rance" title="Différance">différance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Phallogocentrism" title="Phallogocentrism">phallogocentrism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Free_play_(Derrida)" title="Free play (Derrida)">free play</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arche-writing" title="Arche-writing">arche-writing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics_of_presence" title="Metaphysics of presence">metaphysics of presence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Invagination_(philosophy)" title="Invagination (philosophy)">invagination</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pharmakon_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmakon (philosophy)">pharmakon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Trace_(deconstruction)" title="Trace (deconstruction)">trace</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hauntology" title="Hauntology">hauntology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sous_rature" title="Sous rature">sous rature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%B4ra" title="Khôra">khôra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Citationality" title="Citationality">Citationality</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Jacques Derrida (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈdɛrɪdə/</a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʒak dɛʁida]</a>; born Jackie Élie Derrida;<a href="#cite_note-Jackie-6">[6]</a> 15 July 1930 – 9 October 2004) was a French philosopher. He developed the philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">deconstruction</a>, which he utilized in a number of his texts, and which was developed through close readings of the linguistics of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Husserlian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heideggerian</a> <a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">phenomenology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> He is one of the major figures associated with <a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">post-structuralism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_philosophy" title="Postmodern philosophy">postmodern philosophy</a><a href="#cite_note-Bensmaia05-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poster88-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leitch96-12">[12]</a> although he <a href="/wiki/Deconstruction#Not_post-structuralist" title="Deconstruction">distanced himself from post-structuralism</a> and disavowed the word "postmodernity".<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> During his career, Derrida published over 40 books, together with hundreds of essays and public presentations. He has had a significant influence on the <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social sciences</a>, including philosophy, literature, <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">law</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Derrida_1992pp3-67-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Applied_linguistics" title="Applied linguistics">applied linguistics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Busch_2012-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sociolinguistics" title="Sociolinguistics">sociolinguistics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hauntology_(music)" title="Hauntology (music)">music</a>, architecture, and <a href="/wiki/Political_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theory">political theory</a>. Into the 2000s, his work retained major academic influence throughout the United States,<a href="#cite_note-nyt20041010-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>, South America and all other countries where <a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">continental philosophy</a> has been predominant, particularly in debates around <a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">ontology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">epistemology</a> (especially concerning <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a>), ethics, <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">hermeneutics</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">philosophy of language</a>. In most of the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">analytic philosophy</a> is dominant, Derrida's influence is most presently felt in <a href="/wiki/Literary_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary studies">literary studies</a> due to his longstanding interest in language and his association with prominent literary critics from his time at <a href="/wiki/Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale">Yale</a>. He also influenced architecture (in the form of <a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">deconstructivism</a>), music<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> (especially in the musical atmosphere of <a href="/wiki/Hauntology_(music)" title="Hauntology (music)">hauntology</a>), art,<a href="#cite_note-salcedo2004-24">[24]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">art criticism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-foster1996-25">[25]</a> Particularly in his later writings, Derrida addressed ethical and political themes in his work. Some critics consider <a href="/wiki/Speech_and_Phenomena" title="Speech and Phenomena">Speech and Phenomena</a> (1967) to be his most important work, while others cite <a href="/wiki/Of_Grammatology" title="Of Grammatology">Of Grammatology</a> (1967), <a href="/wiki/Writing_and_Difference" title="Writing and Difference">Writing and Difference</a> (1967), and <a href="/wiki/Margins_of_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Margins of Philosophy">Margins of Philosophy</a> (1972). These writings influenced various activists and political movements.<a href="#cite_note-obituary-26">[26]</a> He became a well-known and influential public figure, while his approach to philosophy and the notorious abstruseness of his work made him controversial.<a href="#cite_note-obituary-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-stanford-27">[27]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> Derrida was born on 15 July 1930, in a summer home in <a href="/wiki/El_Biar" title="El Biar">El Biar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>), Algeria,<a href="#cite_note-Jackie-6">[6]</a> to Haïm Aaron Prosper Charles (known as "Aimé") Derrida (1896–1970), who worked all his life for the wine and spirits company Tachet, including as a travelling salesman (his son reflected the job was "exhausting" and "humiliating", his father forced to be a "docile employee" to the extent of waking early to do the accounts at the dining-room table),<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> and Georgette Sultana Esther (1901–1991),<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> daughter of Moïse Safar.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> His family was <a href="/wiki/Sephardic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic">Sephardic</a> Jewish, (originally from <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>) and became French in 1870 when the <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9mieux_Decree" title="Crémieux Decree">Crémieux Decree</a> granted full French citizenship to the Jews of Algeria.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> His parents named him "Jackie", "which they considered to be an American name", although he would later adopt a more "correct" version of his first name when he moved to Paris; some reports indicate that he was named Jackie after the American child actor <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Coogan" title="Jackie Coogan">Jackie Coogan</a>, who had become well known around the world via his role in the 1921 <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> film <a href="/wiki/The_Kid_(1921_film)" title="The Kid (1921 film)">The Kid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Powell_2006,_p._12-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> He was also given the middle name <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie" title="Élie">Élie</a> after his paternal uncle Eugène Eliahou, at his <a href="/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">circumcision</a>; this name was not recorded on his birth certificate unlike those of his siblings, and he would later call it his "hidden name".<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Derrida was the third of five children. His elder brother Paul Moïse died at less than three months old, the year before Derrida was born, leading him to suspect throughout his life his role as a replacement for his deceased brother.<a href="#cite_note-Powell_2006,_p._12-33">[33]</a> Derrida spent his youth in Algiers and in El-Biar. On the first day of the school year in 1942, <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French administrators in Algeria</a>—implementing <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> quotas set by the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy</a> government—expelled Derrida from his <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycée">lycée</a>. He secretly skipped school for a year rather than attend the Jewish lycée formed by displaced teachers and students, and also took part in numerous <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> competitions (he dreamed of becoming a professional player). In this adolescent period, Derrida found in the works of philosophers and writers (such as <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a>) an instrument of revolt against family and society.<a href="#cite_note-TeenBooks-37">[37]</a> His reading also included <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TeenBooks-37">[37]</a> In the late 1940s, he attended the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Bugeaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Bugeaud (page does not exist)">Lycée Bugeaud</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Bugeaud" class="extiw" title="fr:Lycée Bugeaud">fr</a>], in Algiers;<a href="#cite_note-Schrift_p._120-38">[38]</a> in 1949 he moved to Paris,<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-stanford-27">[27]</a> attending the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Louis-le-Grand" title="Lycée Louis-le-Grand">Lycée Louis-le-Grand</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Schrift_p._120-38">[38]</a> where his professor of philosophy was <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Borne" title="Étienne Borne">Étienne Borne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> At that time he prepared for his entrance exam to the prestigious <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a> (ENS); after failing the exam on his first try, he passed it on the second, and was admitted in 1952.<a href="#cite_note-stanford-27">[27]</a> On his first day at ENS, Derrida met <a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a>, with whom he became friends. A professor of his, Jan Czarnecki, was a progressive Protestant who would become a signer of the <a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_121" title="Manifesto of the 121">Manifesto of the 121</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> After visiting the <a href="/wiki/Husserl-Archives_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Husserl-Archives Leuven">Husserl Archive</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>, Belgium (1953–1954), he completed his master's degree in philosophy (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27%C3%A9tudes_sup%C3%A9rieures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diplôme d'études supérieures (page does not exist)">diplôme d'études supérieures</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/dipl%C3%B4me_d%27%C3%A9tudes_sup%C3%A9rieures" class="extiw" title="fr:diplôme d'études supérieures">fr</a>]) on <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a> (see <a href="#Early_works">below</a>). He then passed the highly competitive <a href="/wiki/Agr%C3%A9gation" title="Agrégation">agrégation</a> exam in 1956. Derrida received a grant for studies at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, and he spent the 1956–57 academic year reading <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Widener_Library" title="Widener Library">Widener Library</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Caputo97P25-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Algerian War of Independence">Algerian War of Independence</a> of 1954–1962, Derrida asked to teach soldiers' children in lieu of military service, teaching French and English from 1957 to 1959.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Following the war, from 1960 to 1964, Derrida taught philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a>, where he was an assistant of <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Bachelard" title="Suzanne Bachelard">Suzanne Bachelard</a> (daughter of <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Bachelard" title="Gaston Bachelard">Gaston Bachelard</a>), <a href="/wiki/Georges_Canguilhem" title="Georges Canguilhem">Georges Canguilhem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ric%C5%93ur" title="Paul Ricœur">Paul Ricœur</a> (who in these years coined the term <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics_of_suspicion" title="Hermeneutics of suspicion">hermeneutics of suspicion</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Wahl" title="Jean Wahl">Jean Wahl</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> His wife, Marguerite, gave birth to their first child, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Alf%C3%A9ri" title="Pierre Alféri">Pierre</a>, in 1963. In 1964, on the recommendation of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Hyppolite" title="Jean Hyppolite">Jean Hyppolite</a>, Derrida got a permanent teaching position at the ENS, which he kept until 1984.<a href="#cite_note-Powell06p34-5-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Powell06p58-44">[44]</a> In 1965 Derrida began an association with the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Quel" title="Tel Quel">Tel Quel</a> group of literary and philosophical theorists, which lasted for seven years.<a href="#cite_note-Powell06p58-44">[44]</a> Derrida's subsequent distance from the Tel Quel group, after 1971, was connected to his reservations about their embrace of <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a> and of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> With "<a href="/wiki/Structure,_Sign,_and_Play_in_the_Discourse_of_the_Human_Sciences" title="Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences">Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences</a>", his contribution to a 1966 colloquium on <a href="/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism">structuralism</a> at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, his work began to gain international prominence. At the same colloquium Derrida would meet <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Jacques Lacan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">Paul de Man</a>, the latter an important interlocutor in the years to come.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> A second son, Jean, was born in 1967. In the same year, Derrida published his first three books—<a href="/wiki/Writing_and_Difference" title="Writing and Difference">Writing and Difference</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speech_and_Phenomena" title="Speech and Phenomena">Speech and Phenomena</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Of_Grammatology" title="Of Grammatology">Of Grammatology</a>. In 1980, he received his first honorary doctorate (from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>) and was awarded his <a href="/wiki/State_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="State doctorate">State doctorate</a> (doctorat d'État) by submitting to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a> ten of his previously published books in conjunction with a defense of his intellectual project under the title "L'inscription de la philosophie : Recherches sur l'interprétation de l'écriture" ("Inscription in Philosophy: Research on the Interpretation of Writing").<a href="#cite_note-Schrift_p._120-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Powell_p._145-47">[47]</a> The text of Derrida's defense was based on an abandoned draft thesis he had prepared in 1957 under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Hyppolite" title="Jean Hyppolite">Jean Hyppolite</a> at the ENS entitled "The Ideality of the Literary Object"<a href="#cite_note-Powell_p._145-47">[47]</a> ("L'idéalité de l'objet littéraire");<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> his 1980 dissertation was subsequently published in English translation as "The Time of a Thesis: Punctuations". In 1983 Derrida collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Ken_McMullen_(film_director)" title="Ken McMullen (film director)">Ken McMullen</a> on the film <a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance_(film)" title="Ghost Dance (film)">Ghost Dance</a>. Derrida appears in the film as himself and also contributed to the script. Derrida traveled widely and held a series of visiting and permanent positions. Derrida became full professor (directeur d'études) at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_en_Sciences_Sociales" class="mw-redirect" title="École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales">École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales</a> in Paris from 1984 (he had been elected at the end of 1983).<a href="#cite_note-Powell_p._145-47">[47]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="François Châtelet">François Châtelet</a> and others he in 1983 co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_international_de_philosophie" title="Collège international de philosophie">Collège international de philosophie</a> (CIPH; 'International college of philosophy'), an institution intended to provide a location for philosophical research which could not be carried out elsewhere in the academia. He was elected as its first president. In 1985 <a href="/wiki/Sylviane_Agacinski" title="Sylviane Agacinski">Sylviane Agacinski</a> gave birth to Derrida's third child, Daniel.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian20041011-49">[49]</a> On 8 May 1985, Derrida was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, to Class IV – Humanities, Section 3 -Criticism and Philology.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In 1986 Derrida became Professor of the Humanities at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>, where he taught until shortly before his death in 2004. His papers were filed in the university archives. When Derrida's colleague, Dragan Kujundzic, was accused of sexual assault, Derrida wrote a letter to then-Chancellor Cicerone saying "if the scandalous procedure" against Kujundzic was not "interrupted or cancelled," he would end all his "relations with UCI." Regarding his archival papers, there would be "another consequence: since I never take back what I have given, my papers would of course remain the property of UCI and the Special Collections department of the library. However, it goes without saying that the spirit in which I contributed to the constitution of these archives (which is still underway and growing every year) would have been seriously damaged. Without renouncing my commitments, I would regret having made them and would reduce their fulfillment to the barest minimum."<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> After Derrida's death, his widow and sons said they wanted copies of UCI's archives shared with the Institute of Contemporary Publishing Archives in France. The university had sued in an attempt to get manuscripts and correspondence from Derrida's widow and children that it believed the philosopher had promised to UC Irvine's collection, although it dropped the suit in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Derrida was a regular visiting professor at several other major American and European universities, including <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University">Stony Brook University</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_School_for_Social_Research" title="The New School for Social Research">The New School for Social Research</a>, and <a href="/wiki/European_Graduate_School" title="European Graduate School">European Graduate School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> He was awarded honorary doctorates by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_School_for_Social_Research" title="The New School for Social Research">The New School for Social Research</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Essex" title="University of Essex">University of Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Katholieke Universiteit Leuven</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Silesia">University of Silesia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Athens">University of Athens</a>, and many others around the world. In 2001, he received the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor-W.-Adorno-Preis" class="extiw" title="de:Theodor-W.-Adorno-Preis">Adorno-Preis</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe_University_Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main">University of Frankfurt</a>. Derrida's honorary degree at Cambridge was protested by leading philosophers in the analytic tradition. Philosophers including <a href="/wiki/Willard_Van_Orman_Quine" title="Willard Van Orman Quine">Quine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Barcan_Marcus" title="Ruth Barcan Marcus">Marcus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Malet_Armstrong" title="David Malet Armstrong">Armstrong</a> wrote a letter to the university objecting that "Derrida's work does not meet accepted standards of clarity and rigour," and "Academic status based on what seems to us to be little more than semi-intelligible attacks upon the values of reason, truth, and scholarship is not, we submit, sufficient grounds for the awarding of an honorary degree in a distinguished university".<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Late in his life, Derrida participated in making two biographical documentaries, D'ailleurs, Derrida (Derrida's Elsewhere) by <a href="/wiki/Safaa_Fathy" title="Safaa Fathy">Safaa Fathy</a> (1999),<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derrida_(film)" title="Derrida (film)">Derrida</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kirby_Dick" title="Kirby Dick">Kirby Dick</a> and Amy Ziering Kofman (2002).<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> On 19 February 2003, with the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a> impending, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Major&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Major (page does not exist)">René Major</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Major" class="extiw" title="fr:René Major">fr</a>] moderated a debate entitled "Pourquoi La Guerre Aujourd'hui?" <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard#Debate_with_Jacques_Derrida" title="Jean Baudrillard">between Derrida and Jean Baudrillard</a>, co-hosted by Major's Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychoanalysis and <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde_Diplomatique" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Monde Diplomatique">Le Monde Diplomatique</a>. The debate discussed the relation between terrorist attacks and the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-Guerre-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life and death">edit</a>]</div> In June 1957, he married the psychoanalyst <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Aucouturier" title="Marguerite Aucouturier">Marguerite Aucouturier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. Derrida was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a> in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-stanford-27">[27]</a> He died during surgery in a hospital in Paris in the early hours of 9 October 2004.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-obituary-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> At the time of his death, Derrida had agreed to go for the summer to <a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">University of Heidelberg</a> as holder of the <a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Gadamer</a> professorship,<a href="#cite_note-uni-heidelberg.de-61">[61]</a> whose invitation was expressed by the hermeneutic philosopher himself before his death. Peter Hommelhoff, Rector at Heidelberg by that time, would summarize Derrida's place as: "Beyond the boundaries of philosophy as an academic discipline he was a leading intellectual figure not only for the humanities but for the cultural perception of a whole age."<a href="#cite_note-uni-heidelberg.de-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Philosophy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></div> Derrida referred to himself as a historian.<a href="#cite_note-Afterword88P130-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-LitHistorian-63">[63]</a> He questioned assumptions of the <a href="/wiki/Western_philosophical_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Western philosophical tradition">Western philosophical tradition</a> and also more broadly <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NationObituaries-64">[64]</a> By questioning the dominant discourses, and trying to modify them, he attempted to <a href="/wiki/Democratize" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratize">democratize</a> the university scene and to politicize it.<a href="#cite_note-CambridgeInterviewOct92-65">[65]</a> Derrida called his challenge to the assumptions of <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> "<a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">deconstruction</a>".<a href="#cite_note-NationObituaries-64">[64]</a> On some occasions, Derrida referred to deconstruction as a radicalization of a certain spirit of <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> With his detailed readings of works from Plato to Rousseau to Heidegger, Derrida frequently argues that Western philosophy has uncritically allowed metaphorical depth models[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Technical_language" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">jargon</a>] to govern its conception of language and consciousness. He sees these often unacknowledged assumptions as part of a "metaphysics of presence" to which philosophy has bound itself. This "logocentrism", Derrida argues, creates "marked" or hierarchized binary oppositions that have an effect on everything from the conception of speech's relation to writing to the understanding of racial difference. Deconstruction is an attempt to expose and undermine such "metaphysics". Derrida approaches texts as constructed around binary oppositions which all speech has to articulate if it intends to make any sense whatsoever. This approach to text is, in a broad sense, influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Semiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiology">semiology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Royle04p62-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ferraris97p76-69">[69]</a> Saussure, considered to be one of the fathers of <a href="/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism">structuralism</a>, posited that terms get their meaning in reciprocal determination with other terms inside language.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Perhaps Derrida's most quoted and famous assertion,<a href="#cite_note-Royle04p62-68">[68]</a> which appears in an essay on <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a> in his book <a href="/wiki/Of_Grammatology" title="Of Grammatology">Of Grammatology</a> (1967),<a href="#cite_note-Derrida67p158-71">[71]</a> is the statement that "there is no outside-text" (il n'y a pas de hors-texte).<a href="#cite_note-Derrida67p158-71">[71]</a> Critics of Derrida have been often accused of having mistranslated the phrase in French to suggest he had written "Il n'y a rien en dehors du texte" ("There is nothing outside the text") and of having widely disseminated this translation to make it appear that Derrida is suggesting that nothing exists but words.<a href="#cite_note-Afterword88P136-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reilly05-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coward90-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pidgen90-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-wpost04Sullivan-76">[76]</a> Derrida once explained that this assertion "which for some has become a sort of slogan, in general so badly understood, of deconstruction ... means nothing else: there is nothing outside context. In this form, which says exactly the same thing, the formula would doubtless have been less shocking."<a href="#cite_note-Afterword88P136-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_works">Early works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early works">edit</a>]</div> Derrida began his career examining the limits of <a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">phenomenology</a>. His first lengthy academic manuscript, written as a dissertation for his diplôme d'études supérieures and submitted in 1954, concerned the work of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Gary Banham has said that the dissertation is "in many respects the most ambitious of Derrida's interpretations with Husserl, not merely in terms of the number of works addressed but also in terms of the extraordinarily focused nature of its investigation."<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In 1962 he published Edmund Husserl's Origin of Geometry: An Introduction, which contained his own translation of Husserl's essay. Many elements of Derrida's thought were already present in this work. In the interviews collected in <a href="/wiki/Positions_(book)" title="Positions (book)">Positions</a> (1972), Derrida said: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In this essay the problematic of writing was already in place as such, bound to the irreducible structure of 'deferral' in its relationships to consciousness, presence, science, history and the history of science, the disappearance or delay of the origin, etc. ...this essay can be read as the other side (recto or verso, as you wish) of Speech and Phenomena.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Derrida, 1967, interview with Henri Ronse<a href="#cite_note-67RonseP5-80">[80]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Derrida first received major attention outside France with his lecture, "Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences," delivered at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> in 1966 (and subsequently included in Writing and Difference). The conference at which this paper was delivered was concerned with <a href="/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism">structuralism</a>, then at the peak of its influence in France, but only beginning to gain attention in the United States. Derrida differed from other participants by his lack of explicit commitment to structuralism, having already been critical of the movement. He praised the accomplishments of structuralism but also maintained reservations about its internal limitations;<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> this has led US academics to label his thought as a form of <a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">post-structuralism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bensmaia05-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poster88-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The effect of Derrida's paper was such that by the time the conference proceedings were published in 1970, the title of the collection had become The Structuralist Controversy. The conference was also where he met <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">Paul de Man</a>, who would be a close friend and source of great controversy, as well as where he first met the French psychoanalyst <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Jacques Lacan</a>, with whose work Derrida had a mixed relationship. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phenomenology_vs_structuralism_debate_(1959)">Phenomenology vs structuralism debate (1959)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phenomenology vs structuralism debate (1959)">edit</a>]</div> In the early 1960s, Derrida began speaking and writing publicly, addressing the most topical debates at the time. One of these was the new and increasingly fashionable movement of <a href="/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism">structuralism</a>, which was being widely favoured as the successor to the <a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">phenomenology</a> approach, the latter having been started by Husserl sixty years earlier. Derrida's countercurrent take on the issue, at a prominent international conference, was so influential that it reframed the discussion from a celebration of the triumph of structuralism to a "phenomenology vs structuralism debate". Phenomenology, as envisioned by Husserl, is a method of philosophical inquiry that rejects the rationalist bias that has dominated Western thought since <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> in favor of a method of reflective attentiveness that discloses the individual's "lived experience"; for those with a more phenomenological bent, the goal was to understand experience by comprehending and describing its genesis, the process of its emergence from an origin or event.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> For the structuralists, this was a false problem, and the "depth" of experience could in fact only be an effect of structures which are not themselves experiential.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In that context, in 1959, Derrida asked the question: Must not structure have a genesis, and must not the origin, the point of genesis, be already structured, in order to be the genesis of something?<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In other words, every structural or "synchronic" phenomenon has a history, and the structure cannot be understood without understanding its genesis.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> At the same time, in order that there be movement or potential, the origin cannot be some pure unity or simplicity, but must already be articulated—complex—such that from it a "diachronic" process can emerge. This original complexity must not be understood as an original positing, but more like a default of origin, which Derrida refers to as iterability, inscription, or textuality.<a href="#cite_note-DerridaScarpetta71-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> It is this thought of originary complexity that sets Derrida's work in motion, and from which all of its terms are derived, including "deconstruction".<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Derrida's method consisted in demonstrating the forms and varieties of this originary complexity, and their multiple consequences in many fields. He achieved this by conducting thorough, careful, sensitive, and yet transformational readings of philosophical and literary texts, to determine what aspects of those texts run counter to their apparent systematicity (structural unity) or intended sense (authorial genesis). By demonstrating the <a href="/wiki/Aporia" title="Aporia">aporias</a> and ellipses of thought, Derrida hoped to show the infinitely subtle ways in which this originary complexity, which by definition cannot ever be completely known, works its structuring and destructuring effects.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1967–1972">1967–1972</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1967–1972">edit</a>]</div> Derrida's interests crossed disciplinary boundaries, and his knowledge of a wide array of diverse material was reflected in the three collections of work published in 1967: <a href="/wiki/Speech_and_Phenomena" title="Speech and Phenomena">Speech and Phenomena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Of_Grammatology" title="Of Grammatology">Of Grammatology</a> (initially submitted as a <a href="/wiki/Doctorat_de_sp%C3%A9cialit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctorat de spécialité">Doctorat de spécialité</a> thesis under <a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Gandillac" title="Maurice de Gandillac">Maurice de Gandillac</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Schrift_p._120-38">[38]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Writing_and_Difference" title="Writing and Difference">Writing and Difference</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67RonseP4-91">[91]</a> On several occasions, Derrida has acknowledged his debt to <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Husserl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a>, and stated that without them he would not have said a single word.<a href="#cite_note-67RonseP8-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-LetterJap-93">[93]</a> Among the questions asked in these essays are "What is 'meaning', what are its historical relationships to what is purportedly identified under the rubric 'voice' as a value of presence, presence of the object, presence of meaning to consciousness, self-presence in so called living speech and in self-consciousness?"<a href="#cite_note-67RonseP4-91">[91]</a> In another essay in Writing and Difference entitled "Violence and Metaphysics: An Essay on the Thought of Emmanuel Levinas", the roots of another major theme in Derrida's thought emerge: the Other as opposed to the Same<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> "Deconstructive analysis deprives the present of its prestige and exposes it to something tout autre, "wholly other", beyond what is foreseeable from the present, beyond the horizon of the "same"."<a href="#cite_note-Caputo97P42-95">[95]</a> Other than Rousseau, Husserl, Heidegger and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Levinas</a>, these three books discussed, and/or relied upon, the works of many philosophers and authors, including linguist <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Saussure</a>,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FromRestricted-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Cogitothe-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bataille" title="Georges Bataille">Bataille</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FromRestricted-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Cogitothe-98">[98]</a> anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Lévi-Strauss</a>,<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> paleontologist <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Leroi-Gourhan" title="André Leroi-Gourhan">Leroi-Gourhan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> psychoanalyst <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Freud</a>,<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> and writers such as <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Jab%C3%A8s" title="Edmond Jabès">Jabès</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Artaud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> This collection of three books published in 1967 elaborated Derrida's theoretical framework. Derrida attempts to approach the very heart of the <a href="/wiki/Western_intellectual_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Western intellectual tradition">Western intellectual tradition</a>, characterizing this tradition as "a search for a transcendental being that serves as the origin or guarantor of meaning". The attempt to "ground the meaning relations constitutive of the world in an instance that itself lies outside all relationality" was referred to by Heidegger as <a href="/wiki/Logocentrism" title="Logocentrism">logocentrism</a>, and Derrida argues that the philosophical enterprise is essentially logocentric,<a href="#cite_note-Lamont87-105">[105]</a> and that this is a <a href="/wiki/Paradigm" title="Paradigm">paradigm</a> inherited from Judaism and <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy" title="Hellenistic philosophy">Hellenism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Borody98-106">[106]</a> He in turn describes logocentrism as <a href="/wiki/Androcracy" title="Androcracy">phallocratic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchal">patriarchal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masculine" class="mw-redirect" title="Masculine">masculinist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Borody98-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Derrida contributed to "the understanding of certain deeply hidden philosophical presuppositions and prejudices in <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>",<a href="#cite_note-Borody98-106">[106]</a> arguing that the whole philosophical tradition rests on arbitrary dichotomous categories (such as <a href="/wiki/Sacred/profane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred/profane">sacred/profane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sign_(semiotics)" title="Sign (semiotics)">signifier/signified</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_problem" title="Mind–body problem">mind/body</a>), and that any text contains implicit hierarchies, "by which an order is imposed on reality and by which a subtle repression is exercised, as these hierarchies exclude, subordinate, and hide the various potential meanings."<a href="#cite_note-Lamont87-105">[105]</a> Derrida refers to his procedure for uncovering and unsettling these dichotomies as <a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">deconstruction</a> of Western culture.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In 1968, he published his influential essay "<a href="/wiki/Plato%27s_Pharmacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Plato's Pharmacy">Plato's Pharmacy</a>" in the French journal <a href="/wiki/Tel_Quel" title="Tel Quel">Tel Quel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Spurgin97-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-Graff93-110">[110]</a> This essay was later collected in Dissemination, one of three books published by Derrida in 1972, along with the essay collection Margins of Philosophy and the collection of interviews entitled <a href="/wiki/Positions_(book)" title="Positions (book)">Positions</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1973–1980">1973–1980</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1973–1980">edit</a>]</div> Starting in 1972, Derrida produced on average more than one book per year. Derrida continued to produce important works, such as <a href="/wiki/Glas_(book)" title="Glas (book)">Glas</a> (1974) and <a href="/wiki/The_Post_Card:_From_Socrates_to_Freud_and_Beyond" class="mw-redirect" title="The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond">The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond</a> (1980). Derrida received increasing attention in the United States after 1972, where he was a regular visiting professor and lecturer at several major American universities. In the 1980s, during the <a href="/wiki/American_1980s_culture_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="American 1980s culture wars">American culture wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatives">conservatives</a> started a dispute over Derrida's influence and legacy upon American intellectuals,<a href="#cite_note-NationObituaries-64">[64]</a> and claimed that he influenced American literary critics and theorists more than academic philosophers.<a href="#cite_note-Lamont87-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hansson-111">[111]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">need quotation to verify</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Of_Spirit_(1987)">Of Spirit (1987)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Of Spirit (1987)">edit</a>]</div> On 14 March 1987, Derrida presented at the CIPH conference entitled "Heidegger: Open Questions", a lecture which was published in October 1987 as Of Spirit: Heidegger and the Question. It follows the shifting role of <a href="/wiki/Geist" title="Geist">Geist</a> (spirit) through Heidegger's work, noting that, in 1927, "spirit" was one of the philosophical terms that Heidegger set his sights on dismantling.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> With his Nazi political engagement in 1933, however, Heidegger came out as a champion of the "German Spirit", and only withdrew from an exalting interpretation of the term in 1953. Derrida asks, "What of this meantime?"<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> His book connects in a number of respects with his long engagement of Heidegger (such as "The Ends of Man" in Margins of Philosophy, his Paris seminar on philosophical nationality and nationalism in the mid-1980s, and the essays published in English as Geschlecht and Geschlecht II).<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> He considers "four guiding threads" of Heideggerian philosophy that form "the knot of this Geflecht [braid]": "the question of the question", "the essence of technology", "the discourse of animality", and "epochality" or "the hidden teleology or the narrative order."<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Of Spirit contributes to the long <a href="/wiki/Heidegger_and_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidegger and Nazism">debate on Heidegger's Nazism</a> and appeared at the same time as the French publication of a book by a previously unknown Chilean writer, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Far%C3%ADas" title="Victor Farías">Victor Farías</a>, who charged that Heidegger's philosophy amounted to a wholehearted endorsement of the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a> (SA) faction. Derrida responded to Farías in an interview, "Heidegger, the Philosopher's Hell" and a subsequent article, "Comment donner raison? How to Concede, with Reasons?" He called Farías a weak reader of Heidegger's thought, adding that much of the evidence Farías and his supporters touted as new had long been known within the philosophical community.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s:_political_and_ethical_themes">1990s: political and ethical themes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1990s: political and ethical themes">edit</a>]</div> Some have argued that Derrida's work took a political and ethical "turn" in the 1990s. Texts cited as evidence of such a turn include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Force_of_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Force of Law (page does not exist)">Force of Law</a> (1990), as well as <a href="/wiki/Specters_of_Marx" title="Specters of Marx">Specters of Marx</a> (1994) and Politics of Friendship (1994). Some refer to The Gift of Death as evidence that he began more directly applying deconstruction to the relationship between ethics and religion. In this work, Derrida interprets passages from the Bible, particularly on <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">Sacrifice of Isaac</a>,<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> and from <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fear_and_Trembling" title="Fear and Trembling">Fear and Trembling</a>. However, scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Lawlor" title="Leonard Lawlor">Leonard Lawlor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Magliola" title="Robert Magliola">Robert Magliola</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Anderson_(philosopher)" title="Nicole Anderson (philosopher)">Nicole Anderson (philosopher)</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> have argued that the "turn" has been exaggerated.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">additional citation(s) needed</a>] Some, including Derrida himself, have argued that much of the philosophical work done in his "political turn" can be dated to earlier essays.<a href="#cite_note-Martha_C._Nussbaum_1990:_29,_227-121">[121]</a> Derrida develops an ethicist view respecting to hospitality, exploring the idea that two types of hospitalities exist, conditional and unconditional. Though this contributed to the works of many scholars, Derrida was seriously criticized for this.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Derrida's contemporary readings of <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Emmanuel Levinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Carl Schmitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Pato%C4%8Dka" title="Jan Patočka">Jan Patočka</a>, on themes such as law, justice, responsibility, and friendship, had a significant impact on fields beyond philosophy. Derrida and Deconstruction influenced aesthetics, literary criticism, architecture, <a href="/wiki/Film_theory" title="Film theory">film theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, sociology, <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a>, law, <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a>, theology, <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>, gay and lesbian studies and political theory. <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Jean-Luc Nancy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Richard Rorty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hartman" title="Geoffrey Hartman">Geoffrey Hartman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Krauss" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosalind Krauss">Rosalind Krauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Hélène Cixous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Kristeva" title="Julia Kristeva">Julia Kristeva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Kennedy_(legal_philosopher)" title="Duncan Kennedy (legal philosopher)">Duncan Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Peller" title="Gary Peller">Gary Peller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drucilla_Cornell" title="Drucilla Cornell">Drucilla Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Hunt_(professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Hunt (professor)">Alan Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hayden_White" title="Hayden White">Hayden White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Kopi%C4%87" title="Mario Kopić">Mario Kopić</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alun_Munslow" title="Alun Munslow">Alun Munslow</a> are some of the authors who have been influenced by deconstruction. Derrida delivered a eulogy at Levinas' funeral, later published as Adieu à Emmanuel Lévinas, an appreciation and exploration of Levinas's moral philosophy. Derrida used <a href="/wiki/Bracha_L._Ettinger" title="Bracha L. Ettinger">Bracha L. Ettinger</a>'s interpretation of Lévinas' notion of femininity and transformed his own earlier reading of this subject respectively.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Derrida continued to produce readings of literature, writing extensively on <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blanchot" title="Maurice Blanchot">Maurice Blanchot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Celan" title="Paul Celan">Paul Celan</a>, and others. In 1991 he published The Other Heading, in which he discussed the concept of <a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">identity</a> (as in <a href="/wiki/Cultural_identity" title="Cultural identity">cultural identity</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="European identity">European identity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">national identity</a>), in the name of which in Europe have been unleashed "the worst violences," "the crimes of xenophobia, racism, anti-Semitism, religious or nationalist fanaticism."<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> At the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Centre_culturel_international_de_Cerisy-la-Salle" title="Centre culturel international de Cerisy-la-Salle">Cerisy Conference</a>, Derrida delivered a ten-hour address on the subject of "the autobiographical animal" entitled <a href="/wiki/The_Animal_That_Therefore_I_Am_(More_To_Follow)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animal That Therefore I Am (More To Follow)">The Animal That Therefore I Am (More To Follow)</a>. Engaging with questions surrounding the ontology of nonhuman animals, the ethics of animal slaughter and the difference between humans and other animals, the address has been seen as initiating a late "animal turn" in Derrida's philosophy, although Derrida himself has said that his interest in animals is present in his earliest writings.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Work_of_Mourning_(1981–2001)">The Work of Mourning (1981–2001)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Work of Mourning (1981–2001)">edit</a>]</div> Beginning with "The Deaths of Roland Barthes" in 1981, Derrida produced a series of texts on mourning and memory occasioned by the loss of his friends and colleagues, many of them new engagements with their work. Memoires for Paul de Man, a book-length lecture series presented first at Yale and then at Irvine as Derrida's Wellek Lecture, followed in 1986, with a revision in 1989 that included "Like the Sound of the Sea Deep Within a Shell: Paul de Man's War". Ultimately, fourteen essays were collected into The Work of Mourning (2001), which was expanded in the 2003 French edition, Chaque fois unique, la fin du monde (literally, "Unique each time, the end of the world"), to include essays dedicated to <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Granel" title="Gérard Granel">Gérard Granel</a> and Maurice Blanchot. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2002_film">2002 film</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2002 film">edit</a>]</div> In October 2002, at the theatrical opening of the film <a href="/wiki/Derrida_(film)" title="Derrida (film)">Derrida</a>, he said that, in many ways, he felt more and more close to <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a>'s work, and that this closeness appears in Derrida's texts. Derrida mentioned, in particular, "everything I say about the media, technology, the spectacle, and the 'criticism of the show', so to speak, and the markets – the becoming-a-spectacle of everything, and the exploitation of the spectacle."<a href="#cite_note-Derrida02Q&A-128">[128]</a> Among the places in which Derrida mentions the <a href="/wiki/Spectacle_(critical_theory)" title="Spectacle (critical theory)">Spectacle</a>, is a 1997 interview about the notion of the intellectual.<a href="#cite_note-Derrida_97_Intellectuels_p39-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> Derrida engaged with a variety of political issues, movements, and debates throughout his career. In 1968, he participated in the <a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a> protests in France [and met frequently with <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blanchot" title="Maurice Blanchot">Maurice Blanchot</a>]?.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> However, he expressed concerns about the "cult of spontaneity" and anti-unionist euphoria that he observed.<a href="#cite_note-Derrida91MagLitEwald-131">[131]</a> He also registered his objections to the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in a lecture he gave in the United States. Derrida signed a <a href="/wiki/French_petition_against_age_of_consent_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="French petition against age of consent laws">petition against age of consent laws</a> in 1977,<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> and in 1981 he founded the French Jan Hus association to support dissident Czech intellectuals.<a href="#cite_note-Powell06p151-133">[133]</a> In 1981, Derrida was arrested by the <a href="/wiki/Government_structure_of_Communist_Czechoslovakia" title="Government structure of Communist Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakian government</a> for leading a conference without authorization and charged with <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">drug trafficking</a>, although he claimed the drugs were planted on him. He was released with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a> government and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Derrida was an advocate for <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">nuclear disarmament</a>,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> protested against <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, and met with <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> intellectuals during a visit to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> in 1988. He also opposed <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a> and was involved in the campaign to free <a href="/wiki/Mumia_Abu-Jamal" title="Mumia Abu-Jamal">Mumia Abu-Jamal</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Although Derrida was not associated with any political party until 1995, he supported the Socialist candidacy of <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a>, despite misgivings about such organizations.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002 French presidential election</a>, he refused to vote in the <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">run-off election</a> between <a href="/wiki/History_of_far-right_movements_in_France" title="History of far-right movements in France">far-right</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">center-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a>, citing a lack of acceptable choices.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Derrida opposed the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a> and was engaged in rethinking politics and the political itself within and beyond philosophy. He focused on understanding the political implications of notions such as responsibility, reason of state, decision, sovereignty, and democracy. By 2000, he was theorizing "democracy to come" and thinking about the limitations of existing democracies.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences_on_Derrida">Influences on Derrida</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Influences on Derrida">edit</a>]</div> Crucial readings in his adolescence were <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Reveries_of_a_Solitary_Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Reveries of a Solitary Walker">Reveries of a Solitary Walker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confessions_(Jean-Jacques_Rousseau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confessions (Jean-Jacques Rousseau)">Confessions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a>'s journal, <a href="/wiki/La_porte_%C3%A9troite" class="mw-redirect" title="La porte étroite">La porte étroite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_nourritures_terrestres" class="mw-redirect" title="Les nourritures terrestres">Les nourritures terrestres</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Immoralist" title="The Immoralist">The Immoralist</a>;<a href="#cite_note-TeenBooks-37">[37]</a> and the works of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TeenBooks-37">[37]</a> The phrase Families, I hate you! in particular, which inspired Derrida as an adolescent, is a famous verse from Gide's Les nourritures terrestres, book IV.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In a 1991 interview Derrida commented on a similar verse, also from book IV of the same Gide work: "I hated the homes, the families, all the places where man thinks he'll find rest" (Je haïssais les foyers, les familles, tous lieux où l'homme pense trouver un repos).<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Other influences upon Derrida are <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a>,<a href="#cite_note-67RonseP8-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-LetterJap-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Koj%C3%A8ve" title="Alexandre Kojève">Alexandre Kojève</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blanchot" title="Maurice Blanchot">Maurice Blanchot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Antonin Artaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bataille" title="Georges Bataille">Georges Bataille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_L%C3%A9vinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel Lévinas">Emmanuel Lévinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._L._Austin" title="J. L. Austin">J. L. Austin</a><a href="#cite_note-Afterword88P130-62">[62]</a> and <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Stéphane Mallarmé</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> His book, Adieu à Emmanuel Lévinas, reveals his mentorship by this philosopher and Talmudic scholar who practiced the phenomenological encounter with the Other in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Face-to-face_(philosophy)" title="Face-to-face (philosophy)">Face</a>, which commanded human response.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> The use of deconstruction to read Jewish texts – like the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> – is relatively rare but has recently been attempted.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peers_and_contemporaries">Peers and contemporaries</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Peers and contemporaries">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jacques_Derrida" title="Special:EditPage/Jacques Derrida">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jacques+Derrida%22">"Jacques Derrida"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jacques+Derrida%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jacques+Derrida%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jacques+Derrida%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jacques+Derrida%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jacques+Derrida%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (December 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (December 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Derrida's philosophical friends, allies, students and the heirs of Derrida's thought include <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">Paul de Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Jean-François Lyotard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Emmanuel Levinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blanchot" title="Maurice Blanchot">Maurice Blanchot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Gilles Deleuze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Jean-Luc Nancy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lacoue-Labarthe" title="Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe">Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Kofman" title="Sarah Kofman">Sarah Kofman</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Hélène Cixous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Stiegler" title="Bernard Stiegler">Bernard Stiegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Garc%C3%ADa_D%C3%BCttmann" title="Alexander García Düttmann">Alexander García Düttmann</a>, Joseph Cohen, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bennington" title="Geoffrey Bennington">Geoffrey Bennington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Marion" title="Jean-Luc Marion">Jean-Luc Marion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak">Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak</a>, Raphael Zagury-Orly, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ehrmann" title="Jacques Ehrmann">Jacques Ehrmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avital_Ronell" title="Avital Ronell">Avital Ronell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Judith Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9atrice_Galinon-M%C3%A9l%C3%A9nec" title="Béatrice Galinon-Mélénec">Béatrice Galinon-Mélénec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Laclau" title="Ernesto Laclau">Ernesto Laclau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Weber" title="Samuel Weber">Samuel Weber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Malabou" title="Catherine Malabou">Catherine Malabou</a>, and Claudette Sartiliot. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nancy_and_Lacoue-Labarthe">Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Jean-Luc Nancy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lacoue-Labarthe" title="Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe">Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe</a> were among Derrida's first students in France and went on to become well-known and important philosophers in their own right. Despite their considerable differences of subject, and often also of a method, they continued their close interaction with each other and with Derrida, from the early 1970s. Derrida wrote on both of them, including a long book on Nancy: Le Toucher, Jean-Luc Nancy (On Touching—Jean-Luc Nancy, 2005). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paul_de_Man">Paul de Man</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Paul de Man">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">Paul de Man</a></div> Derrida's most prominent friendship in intellectual life was with Paul de Man, which began with their meeting at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> and continued until de Man's death in 1983. De Man provided a somewhat different approach to deconstruction, and his readings of literary and philosophical texts were crucial in the training of a generation of readers. Shortly after de Man's death, Derrida wrote the book Memoires: pour Paul de Man and in 1988 wrote an article in the journal <a href="/wiki/Critical_Inquiry" title="Critical Inquiry">Critical Inquiry</a> called "Like the Sound of the Sea Deep Within a Shell: Paul de Man's War". The memoir became cause for controversy, because shortly before Derrida published his piece, it had been discovered by the Belgian literary critic Ortwin de Graef that long before his academic career in the US, de Man had written almost two hundred essays in a pro-Nazi newspaper during the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Belgium#World_War_II" title="History of Belgium">German occupation of Belgium</a>, including several that were explicitly <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic">antisemitic</a>. Critics of Derrida have argued that he minimizes the antisemitic character of de Man's writing. Some critics have found Derrida's treatment of this issue surprising, given that, for example, Derrida also spoke out against antisemitism and, in the 1960s, broke with the Heidegger disciple <a href="/wiki/Jean_Beaufret" title="Jean Beaufret">Jean Beaufret</a> over Beaufret's instances of antisemitism, about which Derrida (and, after him, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blanchot" title="Maurice Blanchot">Maurice Blanchot</a>) expressed shock. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Michel_Foucault">Michel Foucault</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Michel Foucault">edit</a>]</div> Derrida's criticism of <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a> appears in the essay <a href="/wiki/Cogito_and_the_History_of_Madness" title="Cogito and the History of Madness">Cogito and the History of Madness</a> (from Writing and Difference). It was first given as a lecture on 4 March 1963, at a conference at <a href="/wiki/Jean_Wahl" title="Jean Wahl">Wahl</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_philosophique" title="Collège philosophique">Collège philosophique</a>, which Foucault attended, and caused a rift between the two men that was never fully mended.<a href="#cite_note-Powell06p34-5-43">[43]</a> In an appendix added to the 1972 edition of his History of Madness, Foucault disputed Derrida's interpretation of his work, and accused Derrida of practicing "a historically well-determined little pedagogy [...] which teaches the student that there is nothing outside the text [...]. A pedagogy which inversely gives to the voice of the masters that infinite sovereignty that allows it indefinitely to re-say the text."<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Ginzburg" title="Carlo Ginzburg">Carlo Ginzburg</a>, Foucault may have written <a href="/wiki/The_Order_of_Things" title="The Order of Things">The Order of Things</a> (1966) and <a href="/wiki/The_Archaeology_of_Knowledge" title="The Archaeology of Knowledge">The Archaeology of Knowledge</a> partly under the stimulus of Derrida's criticism.<a href="#cite_note-GinzburgNihilism-144">[144]</a> Carlo Ginzburg briefly labeled Derrida's criticism in Cogito and the History of Madness, as "facile, nihilistic objections," without giving further argumentation.<a href="#cite_note-GinzburgNihilism-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Derrida's_translators">Derrida's translators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Derrida's translators">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bennington" title="Geoffrey Bennington">Geoffrey Bennington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avital_Ronell" title="Avital Ronell">Avital Ronell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Weber" title="Samuel Weber">Samuel Weber</a> belong to a group of Derrida translators. Many of Derrida's translators are esteemed thinkers in their own right. Derrida often worked in a collaborative arrangement, allowing his prolific output to be translated into English in a timely fashion. Having started as a student of de Man, <a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Spivak" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayatri Spivak">Gayatri Spivak</a> took on the translation of Of Grammatology early in her career and has since revised it into a second edition. <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Johnson" title="Barbara Johnson">Barbara Johnson</a>'s translation of Derrida's Dissemination was published by The Athlone Press in 1981. Alan Bass was responsible for several early translations; Bennington and <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Kamuf" title="Peggy Kamuf">Peggy Kamuf</a> have continued to produce translations of his work for nearly twenty years. In recent years, a number of translations have appeared by Michael Naas (also a Derrida scholar) and Pascale-Anne Brault. Bennington, Brault, Kamuf, Naas, Elizabeth Rottenberg, and <a href="/wiki/David_Wills_(writer)" title="David Wills (writer)">David Wills</a> are currently engaged in translating Derrida's previously unpublished seminars, which span from 1959 to 2003.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Volumes I and II of The Beast and the Sovereign (presenting Derrida's seminars from 12 December 2001 to 27 March 2002 and from 11 December 2002 to 26 March 2003), as well as The Death Penalty, Volume I (covering 8 December 1999 to 22 March 2000), have appeared in English translation. Further volumes currently projected for the series include Heidegger: The Question of Being and History (1964–1965), Death Penalty, Volume II (2000–2001), Perjury and Pardon, Volume I (1997–1998), and Perjury and Pardon, Volume II (1998–1999).<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> With Bennington, Derrida undertook the challenge published as Jacques Derrida, an arrangement in which Bennington attempted to provide a systematic explication of Derrida's work (called the "Derridabase") using the top two-thirds of every page, while Derrida was given the finished copy of every Bennington chapter and the bottom third of every page in which to show how deconstruction exceeded Bennington's account (this was called the "Circumfession"). Derrida seems to have viewed Bennington in particular as a kind of rabbinical explicator, noting at the end of the "Applied Derrida" conference, held at the University of Luton in 1995 that: "everything has been said and, as usual, Geoff Bennington has said everything before I have even opened my mouth. I have the challenge of trying to be unpredictable after him, which is impossible... so I'll try to pretend to be unpredictable after Geoff. Once again."<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marshall_McLuhan">Marshall McLuhan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Marshall McLuhan">edit</a>]</div> Derrida was familiar with the work of <a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">Marshall McLuhan</a>, and since his early 1967 writings (Of Grammatology, Speech and Phenomena), he speaks of language as a "medium,"<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> of phonetic writing as "the medium of the great metaphysical, scientific, technical, and economic adventure of the West."<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> He expressed his disagreement with McLuhan in regard to what Derrida called McLuhan's ideology about the end of writing.<a href="#cite_note-Poster2010-150">[150]</a> In a 1982 interview, he said: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I think that there is an ideology in McLuhan's discourse that I don't agree with because he's an optimist as to the possibility of restoring an oral community which would get rid of the writing machines and so on. I think that's a very traditional myth which goes back to... let's say Plato, Rousseau... And instead of thinking that we are living at the end of writing, I think that in another sense we are living in the extension – the overwhelming extension – of writing. At least in the new sense... I don't mean the alphabetic writing down, but in the new sense of those writing machines that we're using now (e.g. the tape recorder). And this is writing too.<a href="#cite_note-Brennan82-151">[151]</a></blockquote> And in his 1972 essay Signature Event Context he said: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">As writing, communication, if one insists upon maintaining the word, is not the means of transport of sense, the exchange of intentions and meanings, the discourse and "communication of consciousnesses." We are not witnessing an end of writing which, to follow McLuhan's ideological representation, would restore a transparency or immediacy of social relations; but indeed a more and more powerful historical unfolding of a general writing of which the system of speech, consciousness, meaning, presence, truth, etc., would only be an effect, to be analyzed as such. It is this questioned effect that I have elsewhere called logocentrism.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architectural_thinkers">Architectural thinkers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Architectural thinkers">edit</a>]</div> Derrida had a direct impact on the theories and practices of influential architects <a href="/wiki/Peter_Eisenman" title="Peter Eisenman">Peter Eisenman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Tschumi" title="Bernard Tschumi">Bernard Tschumi</a> towards the end of the twentieth century. Derrida impacted a project that was theorized by Eisenman in Chora L Works: Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> This design was architecturally conceived by Tschumi for the <a href="/wiki/Parc_de_la_Villette" title="Parc de la Villette">Parc de la Villette</a> in Paris, which included a sieve, or harp-like structure that Derrida envisaged as a physical metaphor for the receptacle-like properties of the <a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%B4ra" title="Khôra">khôra</a>. Moreover, Derrida's commentaries on Plato's notion of khôra (χώρα) as set in the <a href="/wiki/Timaeus_(dialogue)" title="Timaeus (dialogue)">Timaeus</a> (48e4) received later reflections in the philosophical works and architectural writings of the philosopher-architect <a href="/wiki/Nader_El-Bizri" title="Nader El-Bizri">Nader El-Bizri</a> within the domain of <a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(architecture)" title="Phenomenology (architecture)">phenomenology</a>. Derrida used "χώρα" to name a radical otherness that "gives place" for being. El-Bizri built on this by more narrowly taking khôra to name the radical happening of an ontological difference between being and beings.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> El-Bizri's reflections on "khôra" are taken as a basis for tackling the meditations on dwelling and on being and space in <a href="/wiki/Heidegger" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidegger">Heidegger</a>'s thought and the critical conceptions of space and place as they evolved in <a href="/wiki/Architectural_theory" title="Architectural theory">architectural theory</a> (and its strands in phenomenological thinking),<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> and in history of philosophy and science, with a focus on geometry and optics.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> This also describes El-Bizri's take on "econtology" as an extension of Heidegger's consideration of the question of being (Seinsfrage) by way of the fourfold (Das Geviert) of earth-sky-mortals-divinities (Erde und Himmel, Sterblichen und Göttlichen); and as also impacted by his own meditations on Derrida's take on "χώρα". Ecology is hence co-entangled with ontology, whereby the worldly existential analytics are grounded in earthiness, and environmentalism is orientated by ontological thinking<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Derrida argued that the <a href="/wiki/Subjectile" title="Subjectile">subjectile</a> is like Plato's khôra, Greek for space, receptacle or site. Plato proposes that khôra rests between the sensible and the intelligible, through which everything passes but in which nothing is retained. For example, an image needs to be held by something, just as a mirror will hold a reflection. For Derrida, khôra defies attempts at naming or the either/or logic, which he "deconstructed". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism_from_Marxists">Criticism from Marxists</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Criticism from Marxists">edit</a>]</div> In a paper entitled Ghostwriting,<a href="#cite_note-Spivak_1995-160">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak">Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak</a>—the translator of Derrida's De la grammatologie (Of Grammatology) into English—criticised Derrida's understanding of Marx.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Commenting on Derrida's Specters of Marx, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Terry Eagleton</a> wrote "The portentousness is ingrained in the very letter of this book, as one theatrically inflected rhetorical question tumbles hard on the heels of another in a tiresomely mannered syntax which lays itself wide open to parody."<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism_from_Anglophone_philosophers">Criticism from Anglophone philosophers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Criticism from Anglophone philosophers">edit</a>]</div> Though Derrida addressed the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Association" title="American Philosophical Association">American Philosophical Association</a> on at least one occasion in 1988,<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> and was highly regarded by some contemporary philosophers like <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Richard Rorty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nehamas" title="Alexander Nehamas">Alexander Nehamas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cavell" title="Stanley Cavell">Stanley Cavell</a>, his work has been regarded by other analytic philosophers, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">John Searle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willard_Van_Orman_Quine" title="Willard Van Orman Quine">Willard Van Orman Quine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-DUlisse-165">[165]</a> as <a href="/wiki/Pseudophilosophy" title="Pseudophilosophy">pseudophilosophy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sophistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophistry">sophistry</a>. Some <a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Analytic philosopher">analytic philosophers</a> have in fact claimed, since at least the 1980s, that Derrida's work is "not philosophy". One of the main arguments they gave was alleging that Derrida's influence had not been on US philosophy departments but on literature and other <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> disciplines.<a href="#cite_note-Lamont87-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hansson-111">[111]</a> In his 1989 <a href="/wiki/Contingency,_Irony,_and_Solidarity" title="Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity">Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Richard Rorty</a> argues that Derrida (especially in his book, <a href="/wiki/The_Post_Card:_From_Socrates_to_Freud_and_Beyond" class="mw-redirect" title="The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond">The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond</a>, one section of which is an experiment in fiction) purposefully uses words that cannot be defined (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Diff%C3%A9rance" title="Différance">différance</a>), and uses previously definable words in contexts diverse enough to make understanding impossible, so that the reader will never be able to contextualize Derrida's literary self. Rorty, however, argues that this intentional obfuscation is philosophically grounded. In garbling his message Derrida is attempting to escape the naïve, positive metaphysical projects of his predecessors.<a href="#cite_note-a-166">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Roger Scruton</a> wrote in 2004, "He's difficult to summarise because it's nonsense. He argues that the meaning of a sign is never revealed in the sign but deferred indefinitely and that a sign only means something by virtue of its difference from something else. For Derrida, there is no such thing as meaning – it always eludes us and therefore anything goes."<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-167">[167]</a> On Derrida's scholarship and writing style, <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> wrote "I found the scholarship appalling, based on pathetic misreading; and the argument, such as it was, failed to come close to the kinds of standards I've been familiar with since virtually childhood. Well, maybe I missed something: could be, but suspicions remain, as noted."<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_R._Gross" title="Paul R. Gross">Paul R. Gross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Levitt" title="Norman Levitt">Norman Levitt</a> also criticized his work for misusing scientific terms and concepts in <a href="/wiki/Higher_Superstition:_The_Academic_Left_and_Its_Quarrels_With_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels With Science">Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels With Science</a> (1994).<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Three quarrels (or disputes) in particular went out of academic circles and received international mass media coverage: the 1972–88 quarrel with John Searle, the analytic philosophers' pressures on Cambridge University not to award Derrida an honorary degree, and a dispute with Richard Wolin and the NYRB. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Searle–Derrida_debate">Searle–Derrida debate</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Searle–Derrida debate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Searle%E2%80%93Derrida_debate" title="Searle–Derrida debate">Searle–Derrida debate</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cambridge_honorary_doctorate">Cambridge honorary doctorate</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cambridge honorary doctorate">edit</a>]</div> In 1992 some academics at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>, mostly not from the philosophy faculty, proposed that Derrida be awarded an honorary doctorate. This was opposed by, among others, the university's Professor of Philosophy <a href="/wiki/David_Hugh_Mellor" class="mw-redirect" title="David Hugh Mellor">Hugh Mellor</a>. Eighteen other philosophers from US, Austrian, Australian, French, Polish, Italian, German, Dutch, Swiss, Spanish, and British institutions, including <a href="/wiki/Barry_Smith_(academic_and_ontologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Smith (academic and ontologist)">Barry Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Van_Orman_Quine" title="Willard Van Orman Quine">Willard Van Orman Quine</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Malet_Armstrong" title="David Malet Armstrong">David Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Barcan_Marcus" title="Ruth Barcan Marcus">Ruth Barcan Marcus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Thom" title="René Thom">René Thom</a>, then sent a letter to Cambridge claiming that Derrida's work "does not meet accepted standards of clarity and rigour" and describing Derrida's philosophy as being composed of "tricks and gimmicks similar to those of the <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dadaists</a>". The letter concluded that: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">... where coherent assertions are being made at all, these are either false or trivial. Academic status based on what seems to us to be little more than semi-intelligible attacks upon the values of reason, truth, and scholarship is not, we submit, sufficient grounds for the awarding of an honorary degree in a distinguished university.<a href="#cite_note-BarrySmithEtAl-170">[170]</a></blockquote> In the end the protesters were outnumbered—336 votes to 204—when Cambridge put the motion to a formal ballot;<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> though almost all of those who proposed Derrida and who voted in favour were not from the philosophy faculty.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Hugh Mellor continued to find the award undeserved, explaining: "He is a mediocre, unoriginal philosopher — he is not even interestingly bad".<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Derrida suggested in an interview that part of the reason for the attacks on his work was that it questioned and modified "the rules of the dominant discourse, it tries to politicize and democratize education and the university scene". To answer a question about the "exceptional violence", the compulsive "ferocity", and the "exaggeration" of the "attacks", he would say that these critics organize and practice in his case "a sort of obsessive personality cult that philosophers should know how to question and above all to moderate".<a href="#cite_note-Derrida_1995pp409-413-174">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dispute_with_Richard_Wolin_and_the_NYRB">Dispute with Richard Wolin and the NYRB</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Dispute with Richard Wolin and the NYRB">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wolin" title="Richard Wolin">Richard Wolin</a> has argued since 1991 that Derrida's work, as well as that of Derrida's major inspirations (e.g., Bataille, Blanchot, Levinas, Heidegger, Nietzsche), leads to a corrosive <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">nihilism</a>. For example, Wolin argues that the "deconstructive gesture of overturning and reinscription ends up by threatening to efface many of the essential differences between Nazism and non-Nazism".<a href="#cite_note-Wolin93Preface-175">[175]</a> In 1991, when Wolin published a Derrida interview on Heidegger in the first edition of The Heidegger Controversy, Derrida argued that the interview was an intentionally malicious mistranslation, which was "demonstrably execrable" and "weak, simplistic, and compulsively aggressive". As French law requires the consent of an author to translations and this consent was not given, Derrida insisted that the interview not appear in any subsequent editions or reprints. Columbia University Press subsequently refused to offer reprints or new editions. Later editions of The Heidegger Controversy by MIT Press also omitted the Derrida interview. The matter achieved public exposure owing to a friendly review of Wolin's book by the Heideggerian scholar <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sheehan_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Sheehan (academic)">Thomas Sheehan</a> that appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>, in which Sheehan characterised Derrida's protests as an imposition of censorship. It was followed by an exchange of letters.<a href="#cite_note-NYRBLetters-176">[176]</a> Derrida in turn responded to Sheehan and Wolin, in "The Work of Intellectuals and the Press (The Bad Example: How the New York Review of Books and Company do Business)", which was published in the book <a href="/wiki/Points..." class="mw-redirect" title="Points...">Points...</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DerridaOnNYRB-177">[177]</a> Twenty-four academics, belonging to different schools and groups – often in disagreement with each other and with deconstruction – signed a letter addressed to The New York Review of Books, in which they expressed their indignation for the magazine's behaviour as well as that of Sheenan and Wolin.<a href="#cite_note-PointsP434-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_obituaries">Critical obituaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Critical obituaries">edit</a>]</div> Critical obituaries of Derrida were published in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>,<a href="#cite_note-obituary-26">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> The magazine <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a> responded to the New York Times obituary saying that "even though American papers had scorned and trivialized Derrida before, the tone seemed particularly caustic".<a href="#cite_note-NationObituaries-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Culler08-181">[181]</a> A second obituary by deconstruction scholar and Derrida's friend <a href="/wiki/Mark_C._Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Mark C. Taylor (philosopher)">Mark C. Taylor</a> was published by the Times a few days after the first one.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_works">Major works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Major works">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida_bibliography" title="Jacques Derrida bibliography">Jacques Derrida bibliography</a></div> <ul><li>Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences (1966), it was published in 1967 as Chapter 10 of Writing and Difference.</li> <li>Of Grammatology (1967) Translated by Gayatri C. Spivak in 1976</li> <li>Speech and Phenomena : And Other Essays on Husserl's of Sign (1967) Or, Voice and Phenomena: Introduction to the Problem of the Sign in Husserl's Phenomenology (1967)</li> <li>Writing and Difference (1967) Trans. in 1978</li> <li>Margins of Philosophy (1972)</li> <li>Signature Event Context (1972)</li> <li>Positions (1972)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gadamer%E2%80%93Derrida_debate" title="Gadamer–Derrida debate">Gadamer–Derrida debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difference_(poststructuralism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Difference (poststructuralism)">Difference (poststructuralism)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="/wiki/John_D._Caputo" title="John D. Caputo">John D. Caputo</a>, Radical Hermeneutics: Repetition, Deconstruction, and the Hermeneutic Project, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/729013297">729013297</a>, Indiana University Press, 1988, p. 5: "Derrida is the turning point for radical hermeneutics, the point where hermeneutics is pushed to the brink. Radical hermeneutics situates itself in the space which is opened up by the exchange between Heidegger and Derrida..." </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorner2005" class="citation book cs1">Horner, Robyn (2005). Jean-Luc Marion: a Theo-Logical Introduction. Burlington: Ashgate. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jean-Luc+Marion%3A+a+Theo-Logical+Introduction&rft.place=Burlington&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Horner&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWroe2002" class="citation news cs1">Wroe, Nicholas (11 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/may/11/academicexperts.artsandhumanities">"History's pallbearer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 17 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=History%27s+pallbearer&rft.date=2002-05-11&rft.aulast=Wroe&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2002%2Fmay%2F11%2Facademicexperts.artsandhumanities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Derrida, J: "How to Avoid Speaking: Denials", pp. 3–70, in "Languages of the Unsayable: The Play of Negativity in Literature and Literary Theory", Stanley Budick and Wolfgang Iser (eds). 198. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012200030/http://www.sup.org/book.cgi?id=8261">"Reading Derrida / Thinking Paul: On Justice – Theodore W. Jennings, Jr"</a>. www.sup.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sup.org/book.cgi?id=8261">the original</a> on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sup.org&rft.atitle=Reading+Derrida+%2F+Thinking+Paul%3A+On+Justice+%E2%80%93+Theodore+W.+Jennings%2C+Jr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sup.org%2Fbook.cgi%3Fid%3D8261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackie-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jackie_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackie_6-1">b</a> Peeters (2013), pp. 12–13.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Jackie was born at daybreak, on 15 July 1930, at El Biar, in the hilly suburbs of Algiers, in a holiday home. [...] The boy's main forename was probably chosen because of Jackie Coogan ... When he was circumcised, he was given a second forename, Elie, which was not entered on his birth certificate, unlike the equivalent names of his brother and sister.</blockquote> See also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennington1993" class="citation book cs1">Bennington, Geoffrey (1993). Jacques Derrida. The University of Chicago Press. p. 325.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacques+Derrida&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Bennington&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">1930 Birth of Jackie Derrida, July 15, in El-Biar (near Algiers, in a holiday house).</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/158661/Jacques-Derrida">"Jacques Derrida"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 19 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jacques+Derrida&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F158661%2FJacques-Derrida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Derrida on Religion: Thinker of Differance By Dawne McCance. Equinox. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Derrida+on+Religion%3A+Thinker+of+Differance+By+Dawne+McCance&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Equinox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Derrida, Deconstruction, and the Politics of Pedagogy (Counterpoints Studies in the Postmodern Theory of Education). Peter Lang Publishing Inc. p. 134.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Derrida%2C+Deconstruction%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Pedagogy+%28Counterpoints+Studies+in+the+Postmodern+Theory+of+Education%29&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Publishing+Inc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/314727596">314727596</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/476972726">476972726</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/263497930">263497930</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783449163">783449163</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bensmaia05-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bensmaia05_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bensmaia05_10-1">b</a> Bensmaïa, Réda, "Poststructuralism", in Kritzman (2005), pp. 92–93. </li> <li id="cite_note-Poster88-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poster88_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poster88_11-1">b</a> Poster (1988), pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-Leitch96-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Leitch96_12-0">^</a> Vincent B. Leitch Postmodernism: Local Effects, Global Flows, SUNY Series in Postmodern Culture (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996), p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Augustine and Postmodernism, in response to George Heffernan of <a href="/wiki/Merrimack_College" title="Merrimack College">Merrimack College</a>. Indiana University Press ISBN 0-253-34507-3 (cloth: alk. paper) — ISBN 0-253-21731-8 (pbk.: alk. paper) page 42:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">If I missed, and I probably missed a number of things in your intervention, if I missed something essential please forgive me. First, I would protest against the word postmodernity. I never used this word. I’m not responsible for the use of this word here or anywhere else ...</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-Derrida_1992pp3-67-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Derrida_1992pp3-67_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerrida1992" class="citation book cs1">Derrida, Jacques (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2qdBeWFUmJQC">"Force of Law"</a>. In Drucilla Cornell; Michael Rosenfeld; David Gray Carlson (eds.). Deconstruction and the Possibility of Justice. Translated by Mary Quaintance (1st ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 3–67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810103979" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810103979"><bdi>978-0810103979</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Force+of+Law&rft.btitle=Deconstruction+and+the+Possibility+of+Justice&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3-67&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0810103979&rft.aulast=Derrida&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2qdBeWFUmJQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">A decision that did not go through the ordeal of the undecidable would not be a free decision, it would only be the programmable application or unfolding of a calculable process (...) deconstructs from the inside every assurance of presence, and thus every criteriology that would assure us of the justice of the decision.</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical2.htm">"Critical Legal Studies Movement"</a> in "The Bridge" </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.germanlawjournal.com/index.php?pageID=13&vol=6&no=1">GERMAN LAW JOURNAL, SPECIAL ISSUE: A DEDICATION TO JACQUES DERRIDA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516144840/http://www.germanlawjournal.com/index.php?pageID=13&vol=6&no=1">Archived</a> 16 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Vol. 6 No. 1, 1–243, 1 January 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> "Legacies of Derrida: Anthropology", Rosalind C. Morris, Annual Review of Anthropology, Volume: 36, pp. 355–389, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> "Deconstructing History", published 1997 (2nd. edn. Routledge, 2006). </li> <li id="cite_note-Busch_2012-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Busch_2012_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusch2012" class="citation journal cs1">Busch, Brigitt (2012). "Linguistic Repertoire Revisited". Applied Linguistics. 33 (5): 503–523. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fapplin%2Fams056">10.1093/applin/ams056</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Linguistic+Repertoire+Revisited&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=503-523&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fapplin%2Fams056&rft.aulast=Busch&rft.aufirst=Brigitt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> "The sociolinguistics of schooling: the relevance of Derrida's Monolingualism of the Other or the Prosthesis of Origin", Michael Evans, 01/2012; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-0343-1009-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-0343-1009-3">978-3-0343-1009-3</a>. In Edith Esch and Martin Solly (eds.), The Sociolinguistics of Language Education in International Contexts, Peter Lang, pp. 31–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarlie,_Paul2021" class="citation book cs1">Earlie, Paul (2021). Derrida and the Legacy of Psychoanalysis. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198869276.001.0001">10.1093/oso/9780198869276.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-886927-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-886927-6"><bdi>978-0-19-886927-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Derrida+and+the+Legacy+of+Psychoanalysis&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198869276.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-886927-6&rft.au=Earlie%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt20041010-22"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt20041010_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKandell2004" class="citation news cs1">Kandell, Jonathan (10 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/10/obituaries/jacques-derrida-abstruse-theorist-dies-at-74.html">"Jacques Derrida, Abstruse Theorist, Dies at 74"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jacques+Derrida%2C+Abstruse+Theorist%2C+Dies+at+74&rft.date=2004-10-10&rft.aulast=Kandell&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F10%2F10%2Fobituaries%2Fjacques-derrida-abstruse-theorist-dies-at-74.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> "Deconstruction in Music – The Jacques Derrida", Gerd Zacher Encounter, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-salcedo2004-24"><a href="#cite_ref-salcedo2004_24-0">^</a> E.g., "Doris Salcedo", Phaidon (2004), "Hans Haacke", Phaidon (2000). </li> <li id="cite_note-foster1996-25"><a href="#cite_ref-foster1996_25-0">^</a> E.g. "The return of the real", Hal Foster, October – MIT Press (1996); "Kant after Duchamp", Thierry de Duve, October – MIT Press (1996); "Neo-Avantgarde and Cultural Industry – Essays on European and American Art from 1955 to 1975", Benjamin H.D. Buchloh, October – MIT Press (2000); "Perpetual Inventory", Rosalind E. Krauss, October – MIT Press, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-obituary-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obituary_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obituary_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obituary_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obituary_26-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKandell2004" class="citation news cs1">Kandell, Jonathan (10 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/10/obituaries/jacques-derrida-abstruse-theorist-dies-at-74.html">"Jacques Derrida, Abstruse Theorist, Dies at 74"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jacques+Derrida%2C+Abstruse+Theorist%2C+Dies+at+74&rft.date=2004-10-10&rft.aulast=Kandell&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F10%2F10%2Fobituaries%2Fjacques-derrida-abstruse-theorist-dies-at-74.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stanford-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stanford_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stanford_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stanford_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stanford_27-3">d</a> Lawlor, Leonard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/derrida/">"Jacques Derrida"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. plato.stanford.edu. 22 November 2006; last modified 6 October 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Powell (2006), p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Bennington (1991), p. 325. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Peeters (2013), p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Peeters (2013), p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090305215949/http://www.studiovisit.net/SV.Derrida.pdf">"Jacques Derrida: The Last Interview"</a> (PDF). Studio Visit. November 2004 [First published 10 August 2004 in Le Monde]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studiovisit.net/SV.Derrida.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Studio+Visit&rft.atitle=Jacques+Derrida%3A+The+Last+Interview&rft.date=2004-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studiovisit.net%2FSV.Derrida.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I took part in the extraordinary transformation of the Algerian Jews; my great-grandparents were by language, custom, etc., still identified with Arabic culture. After the Cremieux Decree (1870), at the end of the 19th c., the following generation became bourgeois.</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell_2006,_p._12-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_2006,_p._12_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_2006,_p._12_33-1">b</a> Powell (2006), p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,11617,1324460,00.html">Obituary</a> in The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Cixous (2001), p. vii; also see this <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themodernword.com/features/interview_caputo.html">interview with Derrida's long-term collaborator John Caputo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050524102847/http://www.themodernword.com/features/interview_caputo.html">Archived</a> 24 May 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Peeters (2013), pp. 13.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">When he was circumcised, he was given a second forename, Elie, which was not entered on his birth certificate, unlike the equivalent names of his brother and sister.</blockquote> See also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerrida1993" class="citation book cs1">Derrida, Jacques (1993). "Circumfession". Jacques Derrida. The University of Chicago Press. p. 96.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Circumfession&rft.btitle=Jacques+Derrida&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Derrida&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">'So I have borne, without bearing, without its ever being written (12-23-76)' the name of the prophet Élie, Elijah in English ... so I took myself toward the hidden name without its ever being written on the official records, the same name as that of the paternal uncle Eugène Eliahou Derrida ...</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-TeenBooks-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TeenBooks_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TeenBooks_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TeenBooks_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TeenBooks_37-3">d</a> Derrida (1989) This Strange Institution Called Literature, pp. 35, 38–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-Schrift_p._120-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schrift_p._120_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schrift_p._120_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schrift_p._120_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schrift_p._120_38-3">d</a> Alan D. Schrift (2006) Twentieth-Century French Philosophy: Key Themes and Thinkers, Blackwell Publishing, p. 120. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Marc Goldschmidt, Jacques Derrida : une introduction, 2003, p. 231. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qXmrAAAAQBAJ&dq=%22derrida%22+%22czarnecki%22+%22protestant%22&pg=PT82">Derrida: A Biography</a>. John Wiley & Sons. 27 August 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780745663029" title="Special:BookSources/9780745663029"><bdi>9780745663029</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Derrida%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2013-08-27&rft.isbn=9780745663029&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqXmrAAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522derrida%2522%2B%2522czarnecki%2522%2B%2522protestant%2522%26pg%3DPT82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caputo97P25-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Caputo97P25_41-0">^</a> Caputo (1997), p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Bennington (1991), p. 330. </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell06p34-5-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Powell06p34-5_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell06p34-5_43-1">b</a> Powell (2006), pp. 34–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell06p58-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Powell06p58_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell06p58_44-1">b</a> Powell (2006), p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Leslie Hill, The Cambridge Introduction to Jacques Derrida, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007, p. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Jacques Derrida and Geoffrey Bennington, Jacques Derrida, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994, p. 331 </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell_p._145-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_p._145_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_p._145_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_p._145_47-2">c</a> Powell (2006), p. 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leseditionsdeminuit.com/f/index.php?sp=livAut&auteur_id=1522">Jacques Derrida – Editions de Minuit</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian20041011-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian20041011_49-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/oct/11/guardianobituaries.france">"Obituary: Jacques Derrida"</a>, by Derek Attridge and Thomas Baldwin, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, 11 October 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Academy_of_Arts_&_Sciences1985" class="citation journal cs1">American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1985). "Members Elected May 8, 1985". Records of the Academy (1984/1985): 51. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3785759">3785759</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Records+of+the+Academy&rft.atitle=Members+Elected+May+8%2C+1985&rft.issue=1984%2F1985&rft.pages=51&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3785759%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerrida" class="citation web cs1">Derrida, Jacques. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jacques-derrida.org/Cicerone.html">"Letter from Jacques Derrida to Ralph J. Cicerone, then Chancellor of UCI"</a>. jacques-derrida.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100523062430/http://jacques-derrida.org/Cicerone.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jacques-derrida.org&rft.atitle=Letter+from+Jacques+Derrida+to+Ralph+J.+Cicerone%2C+then+Chancellor+of+UCI.&rft.aulast=Derrida&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjacques-derrida.org%2FCicerone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhang_Erfani2007" class="citation web cs1">Farhang Erfani (15 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120520021511/http://www.continental-philosophy.org/2007/02/15/uc-irvine-drops-suit-over-derridas-personal-papers/">"UC Irvine drops suit over Derrida's personal papers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.continental-philosophy.org/2007/02/15/uc-irvine-drops-suit-over-derridas-personal-papers/">the original</a> on 20 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UC+Irvine+drops+suit+over+Derrida%27s+personal+papers&rft.date=2007-02-15&rft.au=Farhang+Erfani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.continental-philosophy.org%2F2007%2F02%2F15%2Fuc-irvine-drops-suit-over-derridas-personal-papers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egs.edu/biography/jacques-derrida/">Jacques Derrida Former Professor of Media Philosophy at The European Graduate School / EGS.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digressionsnimpressions.typepad.com/digressionsimpressions/2016/03/the-letter-against-derridas-honorary-degree.html">"The Letter against Derrida's Honorary Degree, re-examined"</a>. Retrieved 3 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Letter+against+Derrida%27s+Honorary+Degree%2C+re-examined&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigressionsnimpressions.typepad.com%2Fdigressionsimpressions%2F2016%2F03%2Fthe-letter-against-derridas-honorary-degree.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0356496/">IMDb</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0303326/">IMDb</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-Guerre-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Guerre_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Brennan, Eugene (2017). "Pourquoi la guerre aujourd'hui? by Jean Baudrillard, Jacques Derrida (review)". French Studies: A Quarterly Review. 71 (3): 449. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ffs%2Fknx092">10.1093/fs/knx092</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Project_Muse" title="Project Muse">Project MUSE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/666299">666299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=French+Studies%3A+A+Quarterly+Review&rft.atitle=Pourquoi+la+guerre+aujourd%27hui%3F+by+Jean+Baudrillard%2C+Jacques+Derrida+%28review%29&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=449&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ffs%2Fknx092&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210328160748/https://criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu/vincent_b._leitch_reviews_baudrillard_and_derrida">"Vincent B. Leitch reviews Jean Baudrillard and Jacques Derrida, Pourquoi la Guerre Aujourd'hui?"</a>. Critical Inquiry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu/vincent_b._leitch_reviews_baudrillard_and_derrida">the original</a> on 28 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Critical+Inquiry&rft.atitle=Vincent+B.+Leitch+reviews+Jean+Baudrillard+and+Jacques+Derrida%2C+Pourquoi+la+Guerre+Aujourd%27hui%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcriticalinquiry.uchicago.edu%2Fvincent_b._leitch_reviews_baudrillard_and_derrida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A21050-2004Oct9.html,">"Jacques Derrida Dies; Deconstructionist Philosopher"</a>, Washington Post, 9 October 2004. Retrieved 9 May 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Peeters, Benoît (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qXmrAAAAQBAJ">Derrida: A Biography</a>. Translated by Andrew Brown. Cambridge: Polity Press. p. 540 </li> <li id="cite_note-uni-heidelberg.de-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uni-heidelberg.de_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni-heidelberg.de_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194718/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/press/news/press358_e.html">"The University of Heidelberg Mourns the Death of Jacques Derrida"</a>. 12 October 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/press/news/press358_e.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Heidelberg+Mourns+the+Death+of+Jacques+Derrida&rft.date=2004-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fpress%2Fnews%2Fpress358_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Afterword88P130-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Afterword88P130_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Afterword88P130_62-1">b</a> Derrida (1988) Afterword, pp. 130–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-LitHistorian-63"><a href="#cite_ref-LitHistorian_63-0">^</a> Derrida (1989) This Strange Institution Called Literature, p. 54: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Contrary to what some people believe or have an interest in making believe, I consider myself very much a historian, very historicist [...] Deconstruction calls for a highly "historian's" attitude (Of Grammatology, for example, is a history book through and through).</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationObituaries-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NationObituaries_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationObituaries_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationObituaries_64-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationObituaries_64-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss_Benjamin2004" class="citation web cs1">Ross Benjamin (24 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/article/hostile-obituary-derrida">"Hostile Obituary for Derrida"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Hostile+Obituary+for+Derrida&rft.date=2004-11-24&rft.au=Ross+Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fhostile-obituary-derrida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CambridgeInterviewOct92-65"><a href="#cite_ref-CambridgeInterviewOct92_65-0">^</a> Derrida (1992) Cambridge Review, pp. 404, 408–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Derrida (1976) Where a Teaching Body Begins, English translation 2002, p. 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerrida1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Derrida, Jacques (1993). Spectres of Marx (in French). p. 92.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spectres+of+Marx&rft.pages=92&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Derrida&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royle04p62-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Royle04p62_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royle04p62_68-1">b</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Royle_Emeritus_Professor_University_of_Sussex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Royle Emeritus Professor University of Sussex (page does not exist)">Nicholas Royle</a> (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nNaSdb9VMTwC">Jacques Derrida</a>, pp. 62–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferraris97p76-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Ferraris97p76_69-0">^</a> Derrida and Ferraris (1997), p. 76: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I take great interest in questions of language and rhetoric, and I think they deserve enormous consideration, but there is a point where the authority of final jurisdiction is neither rhetorical nor linguistic, nor even discursive. The notion of trace or of text is introduced to mark the limits of the linguistic turn. This is one more reason why I prefer to speak of 'mark' rather than of language. In the first place, the mark is not anthropological; it is prelinguistic; it is the possibility of language, and it is everywhere there is a relation to another thing or relation to another. For such relations, the mark has no need of language.</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaussure1916" class="citation book cs1">Saussure, Ferdinand de (1916) [trans. 1959]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190731010622/http://faculty.smu.edu/dfoster/cf3324/saussure.htm">Course in General Linguistics</a>. New York: New York Philosophical Library. pp. 121–22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.smu.edu/dfoster/cf3324/saussure.htm">the original</a> on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Course+in+General+Linguistics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=121-22&rft.pub=New+York+Philosophical+Library&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Saussure&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand+de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.smu.edu%2Fdfoster%2Fcf3324%2Fsaussure.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">In language there are only differences. Even more important: a difference generally implies positive terms between which the difference is set up; but in language, there are only differences without positive terms. Whether we take the signified or the signifier, language has neither ideas nor sounds that existed before the linguistic system, but only conceptual and phonic differences that have issued from the system. The idea or phonic substance that a sign contains is of less importance than the other signs that surround it. [...] A linguistic system is a series of differences of sound combined with a series of differences of ideas; but the pairing of a certain number of acoustical signs with as many cuts made from the mass thought engenders a system of values.</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-Derrida67p158-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Derrida67p158_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Derrida67p158_71-1">b</a> Derrida (1967) Of Grammatology, Part II Introduction to the "Age of Rousseau," section 2 "...That Dangerous Supplement...", title The Exorbitant. Question of Method, pp. 158–59, 163. </li> <li id="cite_note-Afterword88P136-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Afterword88P136_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Afterword88P136_72-1">b</a> Derrida (1988) Afterword, p. 136. </li> <li id="cite_note-Reilly05-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Reilly05_73-0">^</a> Reilly, Brian J. (2005) Jacques Derrida, in Kritzman (2005), p. 500. </li> <li id="cite_note-Coward90-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Coward90_74-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Coward" title="Harold Coward">Coward, Harold G.</a> (1990) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JtyqhtCW7jQC">Derrida and Indian philosophy</a>, pp. 83, 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pidgen90-75"><a href="#cite_ref-Pidgen90_75-0">^</a> Pidgen, Charles R. (1990) On a Defence of Derrida, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M71ZAAAAMAAJ">The Critical review</a> (1990), Issues 30–32, pp. 40–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-wpost04Sullivan-76"><a href="#cite_ref-wpost04Sullivan_76-0">^</a> Sullivan, Patricia (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A21050-2004Oct9.html">Jacques Derrida Dies; Deconstructionist Philosopher</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>, 10 October 2004, p. C11. Retrieved 2 August 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlendinning2011" class="citation book cs1">Glendinning, Simon (2011). Jacques Derrida: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacques+Derrida%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Glendinning&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> The dissertation was eventually published in 1990 with the title Le problème de la genèse dans la philosophie de Husserl. English translation: The Problem of Genesis in Husserl's Philosophy (2003). </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanham2005" class="citation journal cs1">Banham, Gary (1 January 2005). "The Problem of Genesis in Husserl's Philosophy, by Jacques Derrida". Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology. 36 (1): 99–101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00071773.2005.11007469">10.1080/00071773.2005.11007469</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-1773">0007-1773</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170686297">170686297</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+British+Society+for+Phenomenology&rft.atitle=The+Problem+of+Genesis+in+Husserl%27s+Philosophy%2C+by+Jacques+Derrida&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=99-101&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170686297%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0007-1773&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00071773.2005.11007469&rft.aulast=Banham&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67RonseP5-80"><a href="#cite_ref-67RonseP5_80-0">^</a> J. Derrida (1967), interview with Henri Ronse, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Jacques Derrida, "Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences," in <a href="/wiki/Writing_and_Difference" title="Writing and Difference">Writing and Difference</a>, trans. Alan Bass (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978), p. 278. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">... the entire history of the concept of structure, before the rupture of which we are speaking, must be thought of as a series of substitutions of centre for centre, as a linked chain of determinations of the centre. Successively, and in a regulated fashion, the centre receives different forms or names. The history of <a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">metaphysics</a>, like the history of the West, is the history of these <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymies</a>. Its matrix ... is the determination of <a href="/wiki/Being" class="mw-redirect" title="Being">Being</a> as presence in all senses of this word. It could be shown that all the names related to fundamentals, to principles, or to the centre have always designated an invariable presence – <a href="/wiki/Eidos_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eidos (philosophy)">eidos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arch%C4%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Archē">archē</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telos_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Telos (philosophy)">telos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energeia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energeia">energeia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ousia" title="Ousia">ousia</a> (essence, existence, substance, subject), <a href="/wiki/Aletheia" title="Aletheia">alētheia</a>, transcendentality, consciousness, God, man, and so forth.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>"Structure, Sign and Play" in Writing and Difference, p. 353.</cite></div></blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2018" class="citation cs2">Smith, David Woodruff (2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2018/entries/phenomenology/">"Phenomenology"</a>, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 20 June 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phenomenology&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.edition=Summer+2018&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David+Woodruff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fsum2018%2Fentries%2Fphenomenology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoythress2012" class="citation web cs1">Poythress, Vern S. (31 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frame-poythress.org/philosophical-roots-of-phenomenological-and-structuralist-literary-criticism/">"Philosophical Roots of Phenomenological and Structuralist Literary Criticism"</a>. The Works of John Frame & Vern Poythress. Retrieved 20 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Works+of+John+Frame+%26+Vern+Poythress&rft.atitle=Philosophical+Roots+of+Phenomenological+and+Structuralist+Literary+Criticism&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft.aulast=Poythress&rft.aufirst=Vern+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fframe-poythress.org%2Fphilosophical-roots-of-phenomenological-and-structuralist-literary-criticism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Jacques Derrida, "'Genesis' and 'Structure' and Phenomenology," in Writing and Difference (London: Routledge, 1978), paper originally delivered in 1959 at Cerisy-la-Salle, and originally published in Gandillac, Goldmann & Piaget (eds.), Genèse et structure (The Hague: Morton, 1964), p. 167: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">All these formulations have been possible thanks to the initial distinction between different irreducible types of genesis and structure: worldly genesis and transcendental genesis, empirical structure, eidetic structure, and transcendental structure. To ask oneself the following historico-semantic question: "What does the notion of genesis in general, on whose basis the Husserlian diffraction could come forth and be understood, mean, and what has it always meant? What does the notion of structure in general, on whose basis Husserl operates and operates distinctions between empirical, eidetic, and transcendental dimensions mean, and what has it always meant throughout its displacements? And what is the historico-semantic relationship between Genesis and structure in general?" is not only simply to ask a prior linguistic question. It is to ask the question about the unity of the historical ground on whose basis a transcendental reduction is possible and is motivated by itself. It is to ask the question about the unity of the world from which transcendental freedom releases itself, in order to make the origin of this unity appear.</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> If in 1959 Derrida was addressing this question of genesis and structure to Husserl, that is, to phenomenology, then in "Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences" (also in Writing and Difference; see <a href="#1967–1972">below</a>), he addresses these same questions to Lévi-Strauss and the structuralists. This is clear from the very first line of the paper (p. 278): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Perhaps something has occurred in the history of the concept of structure that could be called an "event," if this loaded word did not entail a meaning which it is precisely the function of structural—or structuralist—thought to reduce or to suspect.</blockquote> Between these two papers is staked Derrida's philosophical ground, if not indeed his step beyond or outside philosophy. </li> <li id="cite_note-DerridaScarpetta71-87"><a href="#cite_ref-DerridaScarpetta71_87-0">^</a> Derrida (1971), Scarpetta interview, quote from pp. 77–8: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">If the alterity of the other is posed, that is, only posed, does it not amount to the same, for example in the form of the "constituted object" or of the "informed product" invested with meaning, etc.? From this point of view, I would even say that the alterity of the other inscribes in this relationship that which in no case can be "posed." Inscription, as I would define it in this respect, is not a simple position: it is rather that by means of which every position is of itself confounded (<a href="/wiki/Diff%C3%A9rance" title="Différance">différance</a>): inscription, mark, text and not only thesis or theme-inscription of the thesis.</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> On the phrase "default of origin" as applied to Derrida's work, cf. <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Stiegler" title="Bernard Stiegler">Bernard Stiegler</a>, "Derrida and Technology: Fidelity at the Limits of Deconstruction and the Prosthesis of Faith," in Tom Cohen (ed.) Jacques Derrida and the Humanities (Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001). Stiegler understands Derrida's thinking of textuality and inscription in terms of a thinking of originary technicity, and in this context speaks of "the originary default of origin that arche-writing constitutes" (p. 239). See also Stiegler, <a href="/wiki/Technics_and_Time,_1:_The_Fault_of_Epimetheus" class="mw-redirect" title="Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus">Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus</a> (Stanford: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>, 1998). </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> It is opposed to the concept of original purity, which destabilises the thought of both "genesis" and "structure", cf. <a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Gasch%C3%A9" title="Rodolphe Gasché">Rodolphe Gasché</a>, The Tain of the Mirror (Cambridge, Massachusetts, & London: Harvard University Press, 1986), p. 146: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It is an opening that is structural or the structurality of an opening. Yet each of these concepts excludes the other. It is thus as little a structure as it is an opening; it is as little static as it is genetic, as little structural as it is historical. It can be understood neither from a genetic nor from a structuralist and taxonomic point of view, nor from a combination of both points of view.</blockquote> And note that this complexity of the origin is thus not only spatial but temporal, which is why différance is a matter not only of difference, but of delay or deferral. One way in which this question is raised in relation to Husserl is thus the question of the possibility of a phenomenology of history, which Derrida raises in Edmund Husserl's Origin of Geometry: An Introduction (1962). </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Cf. Rodolphe Gasché, "Infrastructures and Systematicity," in <a href="/wiki/John_Sallis" title="John Sallis">John Sallis</a> (ed.), Deconstruction and Philosophy (Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1987), pp. 3–4: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">One of the more persistent misunderstandings that have thus far forestalled a productive debate with Derrida's philosophical thought is the assumption, shared by many philosophers as well as literary critics, that within that thought just anything is possible. Derrida's philosophy is more often than not construed as a license for arbitrary free play in flagrant disregard of all established rules of argumentation, traditional requirements of thought, and ethical standards binding upon the interpretative community. Undoubtedly, some of the works of Derrida may not have been entirely innocent in this respect and may have contributed, however obliquely, to fostering to some extent that very misconception. But deconstruction which for many has come to designate the content and style of Derrida's thinking, reveals to even a superficial examination, a well-ordered procedure, a step-by-step type of argumentation based on an acute awareness of level-distinctions, a marked thoroughness and regularity... Deconstruction must be understood, we contend, as the attempt to "account," in a certain manner, for a heterogeneous variety or manifold of nonlogical contradictions and discursive equalities of all sorts that continues to haunt and fissure even the successful development of philosophical arguments and their systematic exposition.</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-67RonseP4-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-67RonseP4_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-67RonseP4_91-1">b</a> Derrida (1967) interview with Henri Ronse, pp. 4–5:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">[Speech and Phenomena] is perhaps the essay which I like most. Doubtless, I could have bound it as a long note to one or the other of the other two works. Of Grammatology refers to it and economizes its development. But in a classical philosophical architecture, Speech... would come first: in it is posed, at a point which appears juridically decisive for reasons that I cannot explain here, the question of the privilege of the voice and of phonetic writing in their relationship to the entire history of the West, such as this history can be represented by the history of metaphysics and metaphysics in its most modern, critical and vigilant form: Husserl's transcendental phenomenology.</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-67RonseP8-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-67RonseP8_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-67RonseP8_92-1">b</a> Derrida (1967) interview with Henri Ronse, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-LetterJap-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LetterJap_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LetterJap_93-1">b</a> On the influence of Heidegger, Derrida claims in his "Letter to a Japanese Friend" (Derrida and différance, eds. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bernasconi" title="Robert Bernasconi">Robert Bernasconi</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Wood_(philosopher)" title="David Wood (philosopher)">David Wood</a>) that the word "déconstruction" was his attempt both to translate and re-appropriate for his own ends the Heideggerian terms Destruktion and Abbau, via a word from the French language, the varied senses of which seemed consistent with his requirements. This relationship with the Heideggerian term was chosen over the Nietzschean term "demolition," as Derrida shared Heidegger's interest in renovating philosophy. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Derrida, J. Violence and Metaphysics: An Essay on the Thought of Emmanuel Levinas, Writing and Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago. 97–192. </li> <li id="cite_note-Caputo97P42-95"><a href="#cite_ref-Caputo97P42_95-0">^</a> Caputo (1997), p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Linguistics and Grammatology in Of Grammatology, pp. 27–73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FromRestricted-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FromRestricted_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FromRestricted_97-1">b</a> "From Restricted to General Economy: A Hegelianism without Reserve" in Writing and Difference. </li> <li id="cite_note-Cogitothe-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cogitothe_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cogitothe_98-1">b</a> "Cogito and the History of Madness" in Writing and Difference. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> The Violence of the Letter: From Lévi-Strauss to Rousseau in Of Grammatology, pp. 101–140. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> "Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences" in Writing and Difference </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Of Grammatology, pp. 83–86. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> "Freud and the Scene of Writing" in Writing and Difference. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> "Edmond Jabès and the Question of the Book" and "Ellipsis" in Writing and Difference, pp. 64–78 and 295–300. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> "La Parole soufflée" and "The Theater of Cruelty and the Closure of Representation" in Writing and Difference. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lamont87-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lamont87_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lamont87_105-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lamont87_105-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lamont87_105-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamont1987" class="citation journal cs1">Lamont, Michele (November 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3428546/lamont_derrida.pdf?sequence=4">"How to Become a Dominant French Philosopher: The Case of Jacques Derrida"</a> (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 93 (3): 584–622. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F228790">10.1086/228790</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2780292">2780292</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145090666">145090666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=How+to+Become+a+Dominant+French+Philosopher%3A+The+Case+of+Jacques+Derrida&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=584-622&rft.date=1987-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145090666%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2780292%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F228790&rft.aulast=Lamont&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdash.harvard.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1%2F3428546%2Flamont_derrida.pdf%3Fsequence%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borody98-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Borody98_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borody98_106-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borody98_106-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nipissingu.ca/faculty/wayneb/">Wayne A. Borody</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102140336/http://www.nipissingu.ca/faculty/wayneb/">Archived</a> 2 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1998), pp. 3, 5, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kenstange.com/nebula/feat013/feat013.html">"Figuring the Phallogocentric Argument with Respect to the Classical Greek Philosophical Tradition"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kenstange.com/nebula/">Nebula: A Netzine of the Arts and Science</a>, Vol. 13 (pp. 1–27). </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Hélène Cixous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="Catherine Clément">Catherine Clément</a> [1975] La jeune née. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/derrida/">"Jacques Derrida (1930—2004)"</a>. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 20 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Jacques+Derrida+%281930%E2%80%942004%29&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Fderrida%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spurgin97-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Spurgin97_109-0">^</a> Spurgin, Tim (1997) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawrence.edu/dept/english/courses/60a/handouts/pharmacy.html">Reader's Guide to Derrida's "Plato's Pharmacy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110224024836/http://www.lawrence.edu/dept/english/courses/60A/handouts/pharmacy.html">Archived</a> 24 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graff93-110"><a href="#cite_ref-Graff93_110-0">^</a> Graff (1993). </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansson-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hansson_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hansson_111-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSven_Ove_Hansson2006" class="citation journal cs1">Sven Ove Hansson (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718054747/http://www.infra.kth.se/phil/theoria/editorial721.htm">"Philosophical Schools"</a>. Editorial. Theoria. 72. Part 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infra.kth.se/phil/theoria/editorial721.htm">the original</a> on 18 July 2006. Retrieved 24 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoria&rft.atitle=Philosophical+Schools&rft.volume=72&rft.pages=Part+1&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Sven+Ove+Hansson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infra.kth.se%2Fphil%2Ftheoria%2Feditorial721.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Derrida (1989) Of Spirit, pp. vii-1. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Derrida (1989) Of Spirit, p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Derrida (1989) Of Spirit, pp. 7, 11, 117–118. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> Derrida (1989) Of Spirit, pp. 8–12. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Powell (2006), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sbhlgspwVwMC&pg=PA167">167</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Jack Reynolds, Jonathan Roffe (2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D7jq50nVzGAC">Understanding Derrida</a>, p. 49. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Gift of Death, pp. 57–72. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Nicole Anderson, Derrida: Ethics Under Erasure, Publishing Plc, London, 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> Leonard Lawlor, Derrida and Hume: The Basic Problem of Phenomenology, Indiana University Press, 2002, p. 211; Robert Magliola, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/search?q=Robert+Magliola&cc=us&lang=en">On Deconstructing Life-Worlds: Buddhism, Christianity, Culture</a>, Scholars Press of American Academy of Religion, 1997; Oxford University Press, 2000, pp. 157–165; Nicole Anderson, Derrida: Ethics Under Erasure, Bloomsbury, 2012, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-Martha_C._Nussbaum_1990:_29,_227-121"><a href="#cite_ref-Martha_C._Nussbaum_1990:_29,_227_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum1990" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Martha C. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/loves-knowledge-9780195074857">"Form and Content, Philosophy and Literature"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lovesknowledge00mart/page/29">Love's Knowledge: Essays on Philosophy and Literature</a> (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lovesknowledge00mart/page/29">29</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195074857" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195074857"><bdi>978-0195074857</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Form+and+Content%2C+Philosophy+and+Literature&rft.btitle=Love%27s+Knowledge%3A+Essays+on+Philosophy+and+Literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=29&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0195074857&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Martha+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Fproduct%2Floves-knowledge-9780195074857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">[He] chose to address the American Philosophical Association on the topic of Aristotle's theory of friendship ("Journal of Philosophy" 85 (1988), 632–44); Barbara Johnson's "A World of Difference" (Baltimore, 1987) argues that Deconstruction can make valuable ethical and social contributions; and in general there seems to be a return to the ethical and practical...</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Rorty, R. (1995). Habermas, Derrida, and the functions of philosophy. Revue internationale de philosophie, 49(194 (4), 437–459. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Rorty, R. (1989). "Is Derrida a transcendental philosopher?". The Yale Journal of Criticism, 2(2), 207. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> McCumber, J. (2000). Philosophy and Freedom: Derrida, Rorty, Habermas, Foucault. Indiana University Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> B. L. Ettinger in conversation with Emmanuel Lévinas, "Que dirait Eurydice?" / "What would Eurydice Say?" (1991–93). Reprinted to coincide with Kabinet exhibition at Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam. Paris: BLE Atelier, 1997. This is a reprint of Le féminin est cette différence inouïe (Livre d'artiste, 1994, and it includes the text of Time is the Breath of the Spirit, MOMA, Oxford, 1993). Reprinted in Athena: Philosophical Studies. Vol. 2, 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> The Other Heading, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Derrida (2008), 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-Derrida02Q&A-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Derrida02Q&A_128-0">^</a> Derrida (2002) Q&A session at Film Forum. </li> <li id="cite_note-Derrida_97_Intellectuels_p39-129"><a href="#cite_ref-Derrida_97_Intellectuels_p39_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerrida2005" class="citation book cs1">Derrida (2005) [1997]. "Intellectuals. Attempt at Definition by Themselves". Paper Machine. Stanford University Press. pp. 39–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804746205" title="Special:BookSources/978-0804746205"><bdi>978-0804746205</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Intellectuals.+Attempt+at+Definition+by+Themselves&rft.btitle=Paper+Machine&rft.pages=39-40&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0804746205&rft.au=Derrida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> Bennington (1991), p. 332. </li> <li id="cite_note-Derrida91MagLitEwald-131"><a href="#cite_ref-Derrida91MagLitEwald_131-0">^</a> Derrida (1991) "A 'Madness' Must Watch Over Thinking", pp. 347–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenley2001" class="citation news cs1">Henley, Jon (23 February 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/24/jonhenley">"Calls for legal child sex rebound on luminaries of May 68"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Paris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191105034721/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/24/jonhenley">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Calls+for+legal+child+sex+rebound+on+luminaries+of+May+68&rft.date=2001-02-23&rft.aulast=Henley&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2001%2Ffeb%2F24%2Fjonhenley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">'French law recognises in 12- and 13-year-olds a capacity for discernment that it can judge and punish,' said a second petition signed by Sartre and De Beauvoir, along with fellow intellectuals Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida; a leading child psychologist, Françoise Dolto; and writers Philippe Sollers, Alain Robbe-Grillet and Louis Aragon. 'But it rejects such a capacity when the child's emotional and sexual life is concerned. It should acknowledge the right of children and adolescents to have relations with whomever they choose.'</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell06p151-133"><a href="#cite_ref-Powell06p151_133-0">^</a> Powell (2006), p. 151. </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Jacques Derrida, "'To Do Justice to Freud': The History of Madness in the Age of Psychoanalysis," Resistances of Psychoanalysis (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998), pp. 70–71. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Derrida, Jacques. "No Apocalypse, Not Now (full speed ahead, seven missiles, seven missives)". Diacritics, 1984. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Peeters (2013), p. 234. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Peeters (2013), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qXmrAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT437">[1]</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Gide's Les nourritures terrestres, book IV: «Familles, je vous hais! Foyers clos; portes refermées; possessions jalouses du bonheur.» </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"1991 Interview with <a href="/wiki/Francois_Ewald" class="mw-redirect" title="Francois Ewald">Francois Ewald</a> Wahn muß übers Denken wachen". Literataz (in German). Translated by Werner Kolk. 1992. pp. 1–2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1991+Interview+with+Francois+Ewald+Wahn+mu%C3%9F+%C3%BCbers+Denken+wachen&rft.btitle=Literataz&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> Quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunn2007" class="citation journal cs1">Gunn, Olivia (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/content/qt3891m6db/qt3891m6db.pdf?t=krnr1b">"" Je ne suis pas de la famille " : Queerness as Exception in Gide's L 'immoraliste and Genet's Journal du Voleur"</a> (PDF). Paroles gelées. 23 (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5070%2FPG7231003173">10.5070/PG7231003173</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-7264">1094-7264</a> – via eScholarship, California Digital Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paroles+gel%C3%A9es&rft.atitle=%22+Je+ne+suis+pas+de+la+famille+%22+%3A+Queerness+as+Exception+in+Gide%27s+L+%27immoraliste+and+Genet%27s+Journal+du+Voleur&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5070%2FPG7231003173&rft.issn=1094-7264&rft.aulast=Gunn&rft.aufirst=Olivia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fcontent%2Fqt3891m6db%2Fqt3891m6db.pdf%3Ft%3Dkrnr1b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2010" class="citation book cs1">Pearson, Roger (15 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fPYL_NP-wskC&q=derrida%20and%20St%C3%A9phane%20Mallarm%C3%A9.&pg=PA217">Stéphane Mallarmé</a>. Reaktion Books. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781861897275" title="Special:BookSources/9781861897275"><bdi>9781861897275</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St%C3%A9phane+Mallarm%C3%A9&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2010-05-15&rft.isbn=9781861897275&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfPYL_NP-wskC%26q%3Dderrida%2520and%2520St%25C3%25A9phane%2520Mallarm%25C3%25A9.%26pg%3DPA217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverman2007" class="citation journal cs1">Silverman, Hugh (Spring 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49244472">"Tracing Responsibility: Levinas between Merleau-Ponty and Derrida"</a>. Journal of French Philosophy. 17: 88–89 – via ResearchGate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+French+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Tracing+Responsibility%3A+Levinas+between+Merleau-Ponty+and+Derrida&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=88-89&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F49244472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Dal Bo (2019). </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> Foucault, Michel, History of Madness, ed. Jean Khalfa, trans. Jonathan Murphy and Jean Khalfa (London: Routledge, 2006), pp. xxiv, 573. </li> <li id="cite_note-GinzburgNihilism-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GinzburgNihilism_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GinzburgNihilism_144-1">b</a> Carlo Ginzburg [1976], Il formaggio e i vermi, translated in 1980 as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4IUREWq_o3MC">The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century Miller</a>, trans. Anne Tedeschi (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), xviii. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-4387-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-4387-7">978-0-8018-4387-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://derridaseminars.org/team.html">"Derrida Seminar Translation Project"</a>. Derridaseminars.org. Retrieved 21 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Derrida+Seminar+Translation+Project&rft.pub=Derridaseminars.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fderridaseminars.org%2Fteam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://derridaseminars.org/volumes.html">"Derrida Seminar Translation Project"</a>. Derridaseminars.org. Retrieved 1 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Derrida+Seminar+Translation+Project&rft.pub=Derridaseminars.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fderridaseminars.org%2Fvolumes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hydra.humanities.uci.edu/Derrida/applied.html">"Lovely Luton"</a>. Hydra.humanities.uci.edu. Retrieved 21 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lovely+Luton&rft.pub=Hydra.humanities.uci.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhydra.humanities.uci.edu%2FDerrida%2Fapplied.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Speech and Phenomena, Introduction. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Of Grammatology, Part I.1. </li> <li id="cite_note-Poster2010-150"><a href="#cite_ref-Poster2010_150-0">^</a> Poster (2010), pp. 3–4, 12–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-Brennan82-151"><a href="#cite_ref-Brennan82_151-0">^</a> Derrida [1982] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhspriory.org/kenny/PhilTexts/Derrida/Excuse.htm">Excuse me, but I never said exactly so: Yet Another Derridean Interview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413130756/http://www.dhspriory.org/kenny/PhilTexts/Derrida/Excuse.htm">Archived</a> April 13, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, with Paul Brennan, On the Beach (Glebe NSW, Australia). No.1/1983: p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> Derrida (1972) Signature Event Context. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Chora-Works-Jacques-Derrida-Eisenman/dp/1885254407">Chora L Works: Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nader_El-Bizri" title="Nader El-Bizri">Nader El-Bizri</a>, 2004, 2011) </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> (Nader El-Bizri, 2018) </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> (Nader El-Bizri, 2001, 2004, 2011, 2015) </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Bizri2011" class="citation journal cs1">El-Bizri, Nader (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=obA_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">"Being at Home Among Things: Heidegger's Reflections on Dwelling"</a>. Environment, Space, Place. 3 (1): 47–71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-606-8266-01-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-606-8266-01-5"><bdi>978-606-8266-01-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment%2C+Space%2C+Place&rft.atitle=Being+at+Home+Among+Things%3A+Heidegger%27s+Reflections+on+Dwelling&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-71&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-606-8266-01-5&rft.aulast=El-Bizri&rft.aufirst=Nader&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DobA_DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Bizri2015" class="citation journal cs1">El-Bizri, Nader (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=85257">"This paper investigates the phenomenon of dwelling in Heidegger's thought"</a>. Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai - Philosophia. 60 (1): 5–29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Universitatis+Babe%C5%9F-Bolyai+-+Philosophia&rft.atitle=This+paper+investigates+the+phenomenon+of+dwelling+in+Heidegger%27s+thought&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-29&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=El-Bizri&rft.aufirst=Nader&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D85257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Bizri2018" class="citation book cs1">El-Bizri, Nader (2018). "Phenomenology of Place and Space in our Epoch". The Phenomenology of Real and Virtual Places. pp. 123–143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315106267-9">10.4324/9781315106267-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-10626-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-10626-7"><bdi>978-1-315-10626-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211958974">211958974</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phenomenology+of+Place+and+Space+in+our+Epoch&rft.btitle=The+Phenomenology+of+Real+and+Virtual+Places&rft.pages=123-143&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A211958974%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315106267-9&rft.isbn=978-1-315-10626-7&rft.aulast=El-Bizri&rft.aufirst=Nader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spivak_1995-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Spivak_1995_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpivak1995" class="citation journal cs1">Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty (1995). "Ghostwriting". Diacritics. 25 (2): 64–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F465145">10.2307/465145</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/465145">465145</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diacritics&rft.atitle=Ghostwriting&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=64-84&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F465145&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F465145%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Spivak&rft.aufirst=Gayatri+Chakravorty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Derrida2008" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Derrida (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g7zGmaggvesC">"Chapter 10: Marx & Sons"</a>. In Sprinker, Michael (ed.). Ghostly Deamarctations: A Symposium On Jacques Derrida's "Specters of Marx". London: Verso. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844672110" title="Special:BookSources/9781844672110"><bdi>9781844672110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+10%3A+Marx+%26+Sons&rft.btitle=Ghostly+Deamarctations%3A+A+Symposium+On+Jacques+Derrida%27s+%22Specters+of+Marx%22&rft.place=London&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781844672110&rft.au=Jacques+Derrida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg7zGmaggvesC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerry_Eagleton2008" class="citation book cs1">Terry Eagleton (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g7zGmaggvesC">"Chapter 5: Marxism without Marx"</a>. In Sprinker, Michael (ed.). Ghostly Deamarctations: A Symposium On Jacques Derrida's "Specters of Marx". London: Verso. pp. 83–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844672110" title="Special:BookSources/9781844672110"><bdi>9781844672110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5%3A+Marxism+without+Marx&rft.btitle=Ghostly+Deamarctations%3A+A+Symposium+On+Jacques+Derrida%27s+%22Specters+of+Marx%22&rft.place=London&rft.pages=83-87&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781844672110&rft.au=Terry+Eagleton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg7zGmaggvesC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarver1991" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Newton_Garver" title="Newton Garver">Garver, Newton</a> (1991). "Derrida's language-games". Topoi. 10 (2): 187–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00141339">10.1007/BF00141339</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143791006">143791006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Topoi&rft.atitle=Derrida%27s+language-games&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=187-98&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00141339&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143791006%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Garver&rft.aufirst=Newton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> "Truth and Consequences: How to Understand Jacques Derrida," The New Republic 197:14 (5 October 1987). </li> <li id="cite_note-DUlisse-165"><a href="#cite_ref-DUlisse_165-0">^</a> J. E. D'Ulisse, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newpartisan.com/home/derrida-1930-2004.html">Derrida (1930–2004)</a>, New Partisan, 24 December 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310180410/http://www.newpartisan.com/home/derrida-1930-2004.html">Archived</a> 10 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-166"><a href="#cite_ref-a_166-0">^</a> Rorty, Richard. Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-36781-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-36781-6">0-521-36781-6</a>. Ch. 6: "From ironist theory to private allusions: Derrida". </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Guardian-167"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Guardian_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/oct/12/philosophy">"Deconstructing Jacques"</a>. The Guardian. 12 October 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Deconstructing+Jacques&rft.date=2004-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2004%2Foct%2F12%2Fphilosophy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky2012" class="citation web cs1">Chomsky, Noam (August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zcomm.org/znetarticle/postmodernism-by-noam-chomsky/">"Postmodernism?"</a>. ZCommunications. Retrieved 27 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZCommunications&rft.atitle=Postmodernism%3F&rft.date=2012-08&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzcomm.org%2Fznetarticle%2Fpostmodernism-by-noam-chomsky%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Paul R. Gross and Norman Levitt, Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels With Science (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994). </li> <li id="cite_note-BarrySmithEtAl-170"><a href="#cite_ref-BarrySmithEtAl_170-0">^</a> Barry Smith et al., "Open letter against Derrida receiving an honorary doctorate from Cambridge University," The Times [London], 9 May 1992 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/varia/Derrida_Letter.htm">[2]</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> John Rawlings (1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/derrida/">Presidential Lectures: Jacques Derrida: Introduction</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond1996" class="citation journal cs1">Richmond, Sarah (April 1996). "Derrida and Analytical Philosophy: Speech Acts and their Force". European Journal of Philosophy. 4 (1): 38–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0378.1996.tb00064.x">10.1111/j.1468-0378.1996.tb00064.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Derrida+and+Analytical+Philosophy%3A+Speech+Acts+and+their+Force&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=38-62&rft.date=1996-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-0378.1996.tb00064.x&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/professor-hugh-mellor-obituary-hft23p3d0">"Professor Hugh Mellor obituary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. 29 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Professor+Hugh+Mellor+obituary&rft.date=2020-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fprofessor-hugh-mellor-obituary-hft23p3d0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Derrida_1995pp409-413-174"><a href="#cite_ref-Derrida_1995pp409-413_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerrida1995" class="citation book cs1">Derrida, Jacques (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/derrida/interviews.html#cambridge">"'Honoris Causa: "This is also very funny"'"</a>. Points ...: Interviews, 1974–1994 (1st ed.). New York: Stanford University Press. pp. 409–413. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810103979" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810103979"><bdi>978-0810103979</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Honoris+Causa%3A+%22This+is+also+very+funny%3Cspan+style%3D%22padding-right%3A.15em%3B%22%3E%22%3C%2Fspan%3E%27&rft.btitle=Points+...%3A+Interviews%2C+1974%E2%80%931994&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=409-413&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0810103979&rft.aulast=Derrida&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprelectur.stanford.edu%2Flecturers%2Fderrida%2Finterviews.html%23cambridge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">If it were only a question of "my" work, of the particular or isolated research of one individual, this wouldn't happen. Indeed, the violence of these denunciations derives from the fact that the work accused is part of a whole ongoing process. What is unfolding here, like the resistance it necessarily arouses, can't be limited to a personal "oeuvre," nor to a discipline, nor even to the academic institution. Nor in particular to a generation: it's often the active involvement of students and younger teachers which makes certain of our colleagues nervous to the point that they lose their sense of moderation and of the academic rules they invoke when they attack me and my work. If this work seems so threatening to them, this is because it isn't simply eccentric or strange, incomprehensible or exotic (which would allow them to dispose of it easily), but as I myself hope, and as they believe more than they admit, competent, rigorously argued, and carrying conviction in its re-examination of the fundamental norms and premises of a number of dominant discourses, the principles underlying many of their evaluations, the structures of academic institutions, and the research that goes on within them. What this kind of questioning does is modify the rules of the dominant discourse, it tries to politicize and democratize the university scene. ... In short, to answer your question about the "exceptional violence," the compulsive "ferocity," and the "exaggeration" of the "attacks," I would say that these critics organize and practice in my case a sort of obsessive personality cult which philosophers should know how to question and above all to moderate.</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolin93Preface-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Wolin93Preface_175-0">^</a> Richard Wolin, Preface to the MIT press edition: Note on a missing text. In R. Wolin (ed.) The Heidegger Controversy: A Critical Reader. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1993, p. xiii. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-73101-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-73101-0">0-262-73101-0</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYRBLetters-176"><a href="#cite_ref-NYRBLetters_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Sheehan1993" class="citation magazine cs1">Thomas Sheehan (11 February 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2658">"'L'affaire Derrida'"</a>. Letters. The New York Review.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review&rft.atitle=%27L%27affaire+Derrida%27&rft.date=1993-02-11&rft.au=Thomas+Sheehan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F2658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelene_Cixous1993" class="citation magazine cs1">Helene Cixous; et al. (22 April 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2591">"'L'Affaire Derrida': Yet Another Exchange"</a>. Letters. The New York Review.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review&rft.atitle=%27L%27Affaire+Derrida%27%3A+Yet+Another+Exchange&rft.date=1993-04-22&rft.au=Helene+Cixous&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F2591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DerridaOnNYRB-177"><a href="#cite_ref-DerridaOnNYRB_177-0">^</a> Derrida, "The Work of Intellectuals and the Press (The Bad Example: How the New York Review of Books and Company do Business)", published in the book <a href="/wiki/Points..." class="mw-redirect" title="Points...">Points...</a> (1995; see the footnote about <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-14314-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-14314-7">0-226-14314-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida_bibliography" title="Jacques Derrida bibliography">here</a>) (see also the [1992] French version <a href="/wiki/Points_de_suspension:_entretiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Points de suspension: entretiens">Points de suspension: entretiens</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2488-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2488-1">0-8047-2488-1</a>) <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida_bibliography" title="Jacques Derrida bibliography">there</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-PointsP434-178"><a href="#cite_ref-PointsP434_178-0">^</a> Points, p. 434. </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnabell_Guerrero_Mendez2004" class="citation news cs1">Anabell Guerrero Mendez (21 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=3308320">"Jacques Derrida, French intellectual, died on October 8th, aged 74"</a>. Obituary. The Economist.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Jacques+Derrida%2C+French+intellectual%2C+died+on+October+8th%2C+aged+74&rft.date=2004-10-21&rft.au=Anabell+Guerrero+Mendez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fdisplaystory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D3308320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohann_Hari2004" class="citation web cs1">Johann Hari (13 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/johann-hari/why-i-won-t-be-mourning-derrida-543574.html">"Why I won't be mourning Derrida"</a>. The Independent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Why+I+won%27t+be+mourning+Derrida&rft.date=2004-10-13&rft.au=Johann+Hari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fcommentators%2Fjohann-hari%2Fwhy-i-won-t-be-mourning-derrida-543574.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Culler08-181"><a href="#cite_ref-Culler08_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Culler2008" class="citation interview cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Culler" title="Jonathan Culler">Jonathan Culler</a> (24 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080904224147/http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Jan08/JonathanCuller.html">"Why deconstruction still matters: A conversation with Jonathan Culler"</a>. The Cornell Chronicle (Interview). Interviewed by Paul Sawyer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Jan08/JonathanCuller.html">the original</a> on 4 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cornell+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Why+deconstruction+still+matters%3A+A+conversation+with+Jonathan+Culler&rft.date=2008-01-24&rft.au=Jonathan+Culler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.cornell.edu%2Fstories%2FJan08%2FJonathanCuller.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2004" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Mark C. (14 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/14/opinion/what-derrida-really-meant.html">"What Derrida Really Meant"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 7 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Derrida+Really+Meant&rft.date=2004-10-14&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Mark+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F10%2F14%2Fopinion%2Fwhat-derrida-really-meant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bennington" title="Geoffrey Bennington">Geoffrey Bennington</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kL4AdWgYe6AC">Jacques Derrida</a>, University of Chicago Press. Section Curriculum vitae, pp. 325–36. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lebonusage.over-blog.com/article-30028638.html">Excerpts</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226042626" title="Special:BookSources/9780226042626">9780226042626</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Caputo" title="John D. Caputo">Caputo, John D.</a> (ed.) (1997). Deconstruction in a Nutshell: A Conversation with Jacques Derrida. New York: Fordham University Press. Transcript (which is also available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901145759/http://www.hydra.umn.edu/derrida/vill1.html">here</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 1 September 2006)) of the Roundtable Discussion with Jacques Derrida at <a href="/wiki/Villanova_University" title="Villanova University">Villanova University</a>, 3 October 1994. With commentary by Caputo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Cixous, Hélène</a> (2001). Portrait of Jacques Derrida as a Young Jewish Saint (English edition, New York: Columbia University Press, 2004). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1025139739">1025139739</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/265430083">265430083</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/448343513">448343513</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1036830179">1036830179</a></li> <li>Derrida (1967): interview with Henri Ronse, republished in <a href="/wiki/Positions_(book)" title="Positions (book)">Positions</a> (English edition, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1981).</li> <li>Derrida (1971): interview with Guy Scarpetta, republished in Positions (English edition, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1981).</li> <li>Derrida (1976). Where a Teaching Body Begins and How It Ends, republished in <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Philosophy%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Who's Afraid of Philosophy?">Who's Afraid of Philosophy?</a>.</li> <li>Derrida (1988). Afterword: Toward An Ethic of Discussion, published in the English translation of <a href="/wiki/Limited_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Limited Inc.">Limited Inc.</a></li> <li>Derrida (1989). This Strange Institution Called Literature, interview published in <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Literature" title="Acts of Literature">Acts of Literature</a> (1991), pp. 33–75</li> <li>Derrida (1990). Once Again from the Top: Of the Right to Philosophy, interview with Robert Maggiori for <a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a>, 15 November 1990, republished in <a href="/wiki/Points...:_Interviews,_1974%E2%80%931994" title="Points...: Interviews, 1974–1994">Points...: Interviews, 1974–1994</a> (1995).</li> <li>Derrida (1991). "A 'Madness' Must Watch Over Thinking", interview with Francois Ewald for Le Magazine Litteraire, March 1991, republished in <a href="/wiki/Points...:_Interviews,_1974%E2%80%931994" title="Points...: Interviews, 1974–1994">Points...: Interviews, 1974–1994</a> (1995).</li> <li>Derrida (1992). Derrida's interview in The Cambridge Review 113, October 1992. Reprinted in Points...: Interviews, 1974–1994 Stanford University Press (1995) and retitled as Honoris Causa: "This is also extremely funny," pp. 399–421. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/derrida/interviews.html#cambridge">Excerpt</a>.</li> <li>Derrida (1993). <a href="/wiki/Specters_of_Marx" title="Specters of Marx">Specters of Marx</a>.</li> <li>Derrida et al. (1994): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025085629/http://www.pum.umontreal.ca/revues/surfaces/vol6/derrida.html">"Des humanités et de la discipline philosophique"/"Of the Humanities and Philosophical Disciplines"</a> (Roundtable Discussion). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pum.umontreal.ca/revues/surfaces/vol6/derrida.html">the original</a> on 25 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Des+humanit%C3%A9s+et+de+la+discipline+philosophique%22%2F%22Of+the+Humanities+and+Philosophical+Disciplines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pum.umontreal.ca%2Frevues%2Fsurfaces%2Fvol6%2Fderrida.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"> Surfaces Vol. VI.108 (v.1.0A – 16 August 1996) – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1188-2492">1188-2492</a>. Jacques Derrida's contribution to the first International Conference for Humanistic Discourses, was held in April, 1994. Later republished in <a href="/wiki/Ethics,_Institutions,_and_the_Right_to_Philosophy" title="Ethics, Institutions, and the Right to Philosophy">Ethics, Institutions, and the Right to Philosophy</a> (2002).</li> <li>Derrida and Ferraris (1997). "I Have a Taste for Secret", 1993–1995 conversations with <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Ferraris" title="Maurizio Ferraris">Maurizio Ferraris</a> and Giorgio Vattimo, in Derrida and Ferraris (2001) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QzSowXaPwBsC">A Taste for the Secret</a>, translated by Giacomo Donis.</li> <li>Derrida (1997): interview Les Intellectuels: tentative de définition par eux-mêmes. Enquête, published in a special number of journal Lignes, 32 (1997): 57–68, republished in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.editions-galilee.fr/f/index.php?sp=liv&livre_id=2796">Papier Machine</a> (2001), and translated into English as Intellectuals. Attempt at Definition by Themselves. Survey, in Derrida (2005) Paper machine.</li> <li>Derrida (2002): Q&A session at <a href="/wiki/Film_Forum" title="Film Forum">Film Forum</a>, New York City, 23 October 2002, transcript by Gil Kofman. Published in Kirby Dick, Amy Ziering Kofman, Jacques Derrida (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ICD8tI-LSOUC">Derrida: screenplay and essays on the film</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Graff" title="Gerald Graff">Graff, Gerald</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2EwLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA680">Is Reason in Trouble?</a> in <a href="/wiki/Proc._Am._Philos._Soc." class="mw-redirect" title="Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.">Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.</a>, 137, no. 4, 1993, pp. 680–88.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_D._Kritzman" title="Lawrence D. Kritzman">Kritzman, Lawrence</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC">The Columbia History of Twentieth-Century French Thought</a>, Columbia University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_H._Mackey" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis H. Mackey">Mackey, Louis</a> (1984) with a reply by <a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">Searle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1984/feb/02/an-exchange-on-deconstruction/">An Exchange on Deconstruction</a>, in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Review_of_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Review of Books">New York Review of Books</a>, 2 February 1984.</li> <li>Peeters, Benoît (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qXmrAAAAQBAJ">Derrida: A Biography</a>. Translated by Andrew Brown. Cambridge: Polity Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-6302-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-6302-9">978-0-7456-6302-9</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/980688411">980688411</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/844437566">844437566</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/818721033">818721033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Powell" title="Jason Powell">Powell, Jason</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sbhlgspwVwMC">Jacques Derrida: A Biography</a>. London and New York: Continuum.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Poster" title="Mark Poster">Poster, Mark</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-OnWAAAAMAAJ">Critical theory and poststructuralism: in search of a context</a>, section Introduction: Theory and the problem of Context.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Poster" title="Mark Poster">Poster, Mark</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediatropes.com/index.php/Mediatropes/article/viewFile/11931/8817">McLuhan and the Cultural Theory of Media</a>, MediaTropes eJournal, Vol. II, No. 2 (2010): 1–18.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">Searle</a> (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1983/oct/27/the-word-turned-upside-down/">The Word Turned Upside Down</a>, in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>, October 1983.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">Searle</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reason.com/news/show/27599.html">Reality Principles: An Interview with John R. Searle</a>. Reason.com. February 2000 issue. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Further_reading_cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout#Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Further reading</a>" section may need cleanup. Please read the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">editing guide</a> and help improve the section. (October 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographies">Biographies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Biographies">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Peeters, Benoît (2012) Derrida: A Biography. Cambridge: Polity</li> <li>Salmon, Peter (2020) An Event, Perhaps: A Biography of Jacques Derrida. London: Verso. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781788732802" title="Special:BookSources/9781788732802">9781788732802</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introductory_works">Introductory works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Introductory works">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Johnson1993" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Johnson (1993). System and Writing in the Philosophy of Jacques Derrida. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511553950">10.1017/CBO9780511553950</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-55395-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-511-55395-0"><bdi>978-0-511-55395-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122766403" class="extiw" title="d:Q122766403">Q122766403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=System+and+Writing+in+the+Philosophy+of+Jacques+Derrida&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511553950&rft.isbn=978-0-511-55395-0&rft.au=Christopher+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Adleman, Dan (2010) "Deconstricting Derridean Genre Theory" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.improvcommunity.ca/sites/improvcommunity.ca/files/research_collection/657/Coleman_Derrida_Genre.pdf">PDF</a>)</li> <li>Culler, Jonathan (1975) Structuralist Poetics.</li> <li>Culler, Jonathan (1983) On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism.</li> <li>Descombes, Vincent (1980) Modern French Philosophy.</li> <li>Deutscher, Penelope (2006) How to Read Derrida (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32879-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32879-0">978-0-393-32879-0</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dooley" title="Mark Dooley">Mark Dooley</a> and Liam Kavanagh (2007) The Philosophy of Derrida, London: Acumen Press, 2006; Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.</li> <li>Goldschmit, Marc (2003) Jacques Derrida, une introduction Paris, Agora Pocket, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-266-11574-X" title="Special:BookSources/2-266-11574-X">2-266-11574-X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Hill" title="Leslie Hill">Hill, Leslie</a> (2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oWoAcsayEz8C">The Cambridge introduction to Jacques Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Jameson, Fredric</a> (1972) The Prison-House of Language.</li> <li>Leitch, Vincent B. (1983) Deconstructive Criticism: An Advanced Introduction.</li> <li>Lentricchia, Frank (1980) After the New Criticism.</li> <li>Moati Raoul (2009), Derrida/Searle, déconstruction et language ordinaire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Norris_(critic)" title="Christopher Norris (critic)">Norris, Christopher</a> (1987) Derrida (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-19823-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-19823-9">0-674-19823-9</a>).</li> <li>Norris, Christopher (1982) Deconstruction: Theory and Practice.</li> <li>Thomas, Michael (2006) <a href="/wiki/The_Reception_of_Derrida:_Translation_and_Transformation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Reception of Derrida: Translation and Transformation">The Reception of Derrida: Translation and Transformation</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wise" title="Christopher Wise">Wise, Christopher</a> (2009) Derrida, Africa, and the Middle East.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_works">Other works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Other works">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben, Giorgio.</a> "Pardes: The Writing of Potentiality," in Giorgio Agamben, Potentialities: Collected Essays in Philosophy, ed. and trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005. 205–19.</li> <li>Anderson, Nicole, Derrida: Ethics Under Erasure, Publishing Plc, London, 2013 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472534064" title="Special:BookSources/9781472534064">9781472534064</a>).</li> <li>Beardsworth, Richard, Derrida and the Political (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-10967-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-10967-1">0-415-10967-1</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bennington" title="Geoffrey Bennington">Bennington, Geoffrey</a>, Legislations (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86091-668-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-86091-668-5">0-86091-668-5</a>).</li> <li>Bennington, Geoffrey, Interrupting Derrida (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-22427-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-22427-6">0-415-22427-6</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Critchley" title="Simon Critchley">Critchley, Simon</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euppublishing.com/book/9780748689323">The Ethics of Deconstruction: Derrida and Levinas, 3rd Edition</a>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748689323" title="Special:BookSources/9780748689323"><bdi>9780748689323</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ethics+of+Deconstruction%3A+Derrida+and+Levinas%2C+3rd+Edition&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780748689323&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euppublishing.com%2Fbook%2F9780748689323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Caputo" title="John D. Caputo">Caputo, John D.</a>, The Prayers and Tears of Jacques Derrida.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Coward" title="Harold Coward">Coward, Harold G.</a> (ed) Derrida and <a href="/wiki/Negative_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative theology">Negative theology</a>, SUNY 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-0964-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-0964-3">0-7914-0964-3</a></li> <li>Dal Bo, Federico Deconstructing the Talmud Routledge 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1138208223" title="Special:BookSources/978-1138208223">978-1138208223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man, Paul</a>, "The Rhetoric of Blindness: Jacques Derrida's Reading of Rousseau," in Paul de Man, Blindness and Insight: Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism, second edition, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983. 102–41.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nader_El-Bizri" title="Nader El-Bizri">El-Bizri, Nader</a>, "Qui-êtes vous <a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%B4ra" title="Khôra">Khôra</a>?: Receiving <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>'s Timaeus", Existentia Meletai-Sophias 11 (2001), pp. 473–490.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nader_El-Bizri" title="Nader El-Bizri">El-Bizri, Nader</a>, "ON KAI KHORA: Situating <a href="/wiki/Heidegger" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidegger">Heidegger</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Sophist" title="Sophist">Sophist</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Timaeus_(dialogue)" title="Timaeus (dialogue)">Timaeus</a>," Studia Phaenomenologica 4 (2004), pp. 73–98.</li> <li>Fabbri, Lorenzo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1870908/Chronotopologies_of_the_Exception_Agamben_and_Derrida_before_the_Camps">"Chronotopologies of the Exception. Agamben and Derrida before the Camps"</a>, "Diacritics", Volume 39, Number 3 (2009): 77–95.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault, Michel</a>, "My Body, This Paper, This Fire," in Michel Foucault, History of Madness, ed. Jean Khalfa, trans. Jonathan Murphy and Jean Khalfa, London: Routledge, 2006. 550–74.</li> <li>Fradet, Pierre-Alexandre, Derrida-Bergson. Sur l'immédiateté, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Hermann" title="Éditions Hermann">Hermann</a>, Paris, coll. "Hermann Philosophie", 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782705688318" title="Special:BookSources/9782705688318">9782705688318</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Gasch%C3%A9" title="Rodolphe Gasché">Gasché, Rodolphe</a>, Inventions of Difference: On Jacques Derrida.</li> <li>Gasché, Rodolphe, The Tain of the Mirror.</li> <li>Goldschmit, Marc, Une langue à venir. Derrida, l'écriture hyperbolique Paris, Lignes et Manifeste, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84938-058-X" title="Special:BookSources/2-84938-058-X">2-84938-058-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas, Jürgen</a>, "Beyond a Temporalized Philosophy of Origins: Jacques Derrida's Critique of Phonocentrism," in Jürgen Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures, trans. Frederick G. Lawrence, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990. 161–84.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_H%C3%A4gglund" title="Martin Hägglund">Hägglund, Martin</a>, Radical Atheism: Derrida and the Time of Life, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Hamacher" title="Werner Hamacher">Hamacher, Werner</a>, Lingua amissa, Buenos Aires: Miño y Dávila editores, 2012.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKierans1997" class="citation journal cs1">Kierans, Kenneth (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003733/http://www2.swgc.mun.ca/animus/Articles/Volume%202/kierans1.pdf">"Beyond Deconstruction"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Animus_(journal)" title="Animus (journal)">Animus</a>. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1209-0689">1209-0689</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.swgc.mun.ca/animus/Articles/Volume%202/kierans1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animus&rft.atitle=Beyond+Deconstruction&rft.volume=2&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=1209-0689&rft.aulast=Kierans&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.swgc.mun.ca%2Fanimus%2FArticles%2FVolume%25202%2Fkierans1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Kopi%C4%87" title="Mario Kopić">Kopić, Mario</a>, Izazovi post-metafizike, Sremski Karlovci – Novi Sad: Izdavačka knjižarnica, 2007. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-7543-120-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-7543-120-6">978-86-7543-120-6</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Kopi%C4%87" title="Mario Kopić">Kopić, Mario</a>, Nezacjeljiva rana svijeta, Zagreb: Antibarbarus, 2007. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-249-035-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-249-035-0">978-953-249-035-0</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_H._Mackey" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis H. Mackey">Mackey, Louis</a>, "Slouching Toward Bethlehem: Deconstructive Strategies in Theology," in Anglican Theological Review, Volume LXV, Number 3, July 1983. 255–272.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Llewelyn" title="John Llewelyn">Llewelyn, John</a>, Derrida on the Threshold of Sense, London: Macmillan, 1986.</li> <li>Llewelyn, John, Appositions – of Jacques Derrida and Emmanuel Levinas, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002.</li> <li>Llewelyn, John, Margins of Religion: Between Kierkegaard and Derrida, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_H._Mackey" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis H. Mackey">Mackey, Louis</a>, "A Nicer Knowledge of Belief" in Loius Mackey, An Ancient Quarrel Continued: The Troubled Marriage of Philosophy and Literature, Lanham, University Press of America, 2002. 219–240 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0761822677" title="Special:BookSources/978-0761822677">978-0761822677</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Magliola" title="Robert Magliola">Magliola, Robert</a>, Derrida on the Mend, Lafayette: Purdue UP, 1984; 1986; rpt. 2000 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-911198-69-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-911198-69-5">0-911198-69-5</a>). (Initiated what has become a very active area of study in Buddhology and comparative philosophy, the comparison of Derridean deconstruction and Buddhist philosophy, especially Madhyamikan and Zen Buddhist philosophy.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Magliola" title="Robert Magliola">Magliola, Robert</a>, On Deconstructing Life-Worlds: Buddhism, Christianity, Culture, Atlanta: Scholars P, American Academy of Religion, 1997; Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7885-0296-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7885-0296-4">0-7885-0296-4</a>). (Further develops comparison of Derridean thought and Buddhism.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Marder" title="Michael Marder">Marder, Michael</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0802098924">The Event of the Thing: Derrida's Post-Deconstructive Realism</a>, Toronto: Toronto UP, 2009. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-9892-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-9892-4">0-8020-9892-4</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hillis_Miller" title="J. Hillis Miller">Miller, J. Hillis</a>, For Derrida, New York: Fordham University Press, 2009.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Mouffe" title="Chantal Mouffe">Mouffe, Chantal</a> (ed.), Deconstruction and Pragmatism, with essays by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Critchley" title="Simon Critchley">Simon Critchley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Laclau" title="Ernesto Laclau">Ernesto Laclau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Richard Rorty</a>, and Derrida.</li> <li>Park, Jin Y., ed., Buddhisms and Deconstructions, Lanham: Rowland and Littlefield, 2006 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-3418-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-3418-6">978-0-7425-3418-6</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-3418-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-3418-9">0-7425-3418-9</a>). (Several of the collected papers specifically treat Derrida and Buddhist thought.)</li> <li>Rapaport, Herman, Later Derrida (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-94269-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-94269-1">0-415-94269-1</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Rorty, Richard</a>, "From Ironist Theory to Private Allusions: Derrida," in Richard Rorty, Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 121–37.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_David_Ross" title="Stephen David Ross">Ross, Stephen David</a>, Betraying Derrida, for Life, Atropos Press, 2013.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Roudinesco" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth Roudinesco">Roudinesco, Elisabeth</a>, Philosophy in Turbulent Times: Canguilhem, Sartre, Foucault, Althusser, Deleuze, Derrida, Columbia University Press, New York, 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sallis" title="John Sallis">Sallis, John</a> (ed.), Deconstruction and Philosophy, with essays by Rodolphe Gasché, John D. Caputo, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bernasconi" title="Robert Bernasconi">Robert Bernasconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Wood_(philosopher)" title="David Wood (philosopher)">David Wood</a>, and Derrida.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSallis,_John2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Sallis" title="John Sallis">Sallis, John</a> (2009). The Verge of Philosophy. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-73431-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-73431-6"><bdi>978-0-226-73431-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Verge+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-226-73431-6&rft.au=Sallis%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Derrida" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Salvioli, Marco, Il Tempo e le Parole. Ricoeur e Derrida a "margine" della fenomenologia, ESD, Bologna 2006.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._A._Smith" title="James K. A. Smith">Smith, James K. A.</a>, Jacques Derrida: Live Theory.</li> <li>Sprinker, Michael, ed. Ghostly Demarcations: A Symposium on Jacques Derrida's Specters of Marx, London and New York: Verso, 1999; rpt. 2008. (Includes Derrida's reply, "Marx & Sons.")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Stiegler" title="Bernard Stiegler">Stiegler, Bernard</a>, "Derrida and Technology: Fidelity at the Limits of Deconstruction and the Prosthesis of Faith," in Tom Cohen (ed.), Jacques Derrida and the Humanities (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-62565-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-62565-3">0-521-62565-3</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wood_(philosopher)" title="David Wood (philosopher)">Wood, David</a> (ed.), Derrida: A Critical Reader, Wiley-Blackwell, 1992.</li> <li>Zlomislic, Marko, Jacques Derrida's Aporetic Ethics, Lexington Books, 2004.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>. (October 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jacques_Derrida" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" class="extiw" title="q:Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egs.edu/biography/jacques-derrida/">Jacques Derrida</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_European_Graduate_School" class="mw-redirect" title="The European Graduate School">The European Graduate School</a></li> <li>Leonard Lawlor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/derrida/">Entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></li> <li>Gerry Coulter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321145951/http://www.ubishops.ca/baudrillardstudies/vol2_1/derrida.htm">Passings: Taking Derrida Seriously</a>. Volume 2, Number 1, January 2005</li> <li>John Rawlings. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/derrida/">Jacques Derrida</a> Stanford Presidential Lectures in the Humanities and Arts</li> <li>Jean-Michel Rabaté. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030503001022/http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/jacques_derrida.html">Jacques Derrida</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 3 May 2003) Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory.</li> <li>Eddie Yeghiayan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011115152107/http://sun3.lib.uci.edu/~scctr/wellek/jacques.html">Books and contributions to books</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Web Archives (archived 15 November 2001) (up to 2001), Bibliography and translations list</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf3q2nb26c">Guide to the Jacques Derrida Papers.</a> Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt0n39q6th">Guide to the Saffa Fathy Video Recordings of Jacques Derrida Lectures.</a> Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8z60mrk">Guide to the Jacques Derrida Listserv Collection.</a> Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Perniola" title="Mario Perniola">Mario Perniola</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414175449/http://www.marioperniola.it/site/dettagliotext.asp?idtexts=150">Remembering Derrida</a>, in "SubStance" (University of California), 2005, n.1, issue 106.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Roderick" title="Rick Roderick">Rick Roderick</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rickroderick.org/307-derrida-and-the-ends-of-man-1993/">Derrida and the Ends of Man</a>, in "The Self Under Siege: Philosophy in the 20th Century (1993)" (University of Texas, Austin).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jacques_Derrida" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jacques_Derrida" title="Template:Jacques Derrida"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jacques_Derrida" title="Template talk:Jacques Derrida"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jacques_Derrida" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jacques Derrida"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jacques_Derrida" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacques Derrida</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interview collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Positions_(book)" title="Positions (book)">Positions</a> (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Rhetoric_of_Drugs" title="The Rhetoric of Drugs">The Rhetoric of Drugs</a>" (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Points...:_Interviews,_1974%E2%80%931994" title="Points...: Interviews, 1974–1994">Points...: Interviews, 1974–1994</a> (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Cogito_and_the_History_of_Madness" title="Cogito and the History of Madness">Cogito and the History of Madness</a>" (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Structure,_Sign,_and_Play_in_the_Discourse_of_the_Human_Sciences" title="Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences">Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences</a>" (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Grammatology" title="Of Grammatology">Of Grammatology</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_and_Phenomena" title="Speech and Phenomena">Speech and Phenomena</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writing_and_Difference" title="Writing and Difference">Writing and Difference</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margins_of_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Margins of Philosophy">Margins of Philosophy</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glas_(book)" title="Glas (book)">Glas</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Post_Card:_From_Socrates_to_Freud_and_Beyond" class="mw-redirect" title="The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond">The Post Card</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_Inc" title="Limited Inc">Limited Inc.</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Philosophy" title="Right to Philosophy">Right to Philosophy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Literature" title="Acts of Literature">Acts of Literature</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specters_of_Marx" title="Specters of Marx">Specters of Marx</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive_Fever" title="Archive Fever">Archive Fever</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics,_Institutions,_and_the_Right_to_Philosophy" title="Ethics, Institutions, and the Right to Philosophy">Ethics, Institutions, and the Right to Philosophy</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Animal_That_Therefore_I_Am" title="The Animal That Therefore I Am">The Animal That Therefore I Am</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diff%C3%A9rance" title="Différance">Différance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauntology" title="Hauntology">Hauntology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hauntology" title="Template:Hauntology">Template:Hauntology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettle_logic" title="Kettle logic">Kettle logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phallogocentrism" title="Phallogocentrism">Phallogocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonocentrism" title="Phonocentrism">Phonocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logocentrism" title="Logocentrism">Logocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics_of_presence" title="Metaphysics of presence">Metaphysics of presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_play_(Derrida)" title="Free play (Derrida)">Free play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citationality" title="Citationality">Citationality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Aucouturier" title="Marguerite Aucouturier">Marguerite Aucouturier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadamer%E2%80%93Derrida_debate" title="Gadamer–Derrida debate">Gadamer–Derrida debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokal_affair" title="Sokal affair">Sokal affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance_(film)" title="Ghost Dance (film)">Ghost Dance (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrida_(film)" title="Derrida (film)">Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reception_of_Derrida" title="The Reception of Derrida">The Reception of Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searle%E2%80%93Derrida_debate" title="Searle–Derrida debate">Searle–Derrida debate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philosophy_of_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philosophy_of_language" title="Template:Philosophy of language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philosophy_of_language" title="Template talk:Philosophy of language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philosophy_of_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philosophy of language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philosophy_of_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">Philosophy of language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Index_of_language_articles" title="Index of language articles">Index of language articles</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_philosophers_of_language" title="List of philosophers of language">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgias" title="Gorgias">Gorgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cratylus" title="Cratylus">Cratylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eubulides" title="Eubulides">Eubulides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Cronus" title="Diodorus Cronus">Diodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysippus" title="Chrysippus">Chrysippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Zhou" title="Zhuang Zhou">Zhuangzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunzi_(philosopher)" title="Xunzi (philosopher)">Xunzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkins" title="John Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Arnauld" title="Antoine Arnauld">Arnauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lancelot" title="Claude Lancelot">Lancelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">von Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Mauthner" title="Fritz Mauthner">Mauthner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ric%C5%93ur" title="Paul Ricœur">Ricœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">de Saussure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Frege" title="Gottlob Frege">Frege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Boas" title="Franz Boas">Boas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tillich" title="Paul Tillich">Tillich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sapir" title="Edward Sapir">Sapir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bloomfield" title="Leonard Bloomfield">Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Bergson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky" title="Lev Vygotsky">Vygotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Carnap" title="Rudolf Carnap">Carnap</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lee_Whorf" title="Benjamin Lee Whorf">Whorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._L._Austin" title="J. L. Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Gadamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Kripke" title="Saul Kripke">Kripke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._J._Ayer" title="A. J. Ayer">Ayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe" title="G. E. M. Anscombe">Anscombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaakko_Hintikka" title="Jaakko Hintikka">Hintikka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dummett" title="Michael Dummett">Dummett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davidson_(philosopher)" title="Donald Davidson (philosopher)">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grice" title="Paul Grice">Grice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Ryle" title="Gilbert Ryle">Ryle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._F._Strawson" title="P. F. Strawson">Strawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Van_Orman_Quine" title="Willard Van Orman Quine">Quine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Putnam" title="Hilary Putnam">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(philosopher)" title="David Lewis (philosopher)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">Searle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Watzlawick" title="Paul Watzlawick">Watzlawick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Theories_of_language" title="Category:Theories of language">Theories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causal_theory_of_reference" title="Causal theory of reference">Causal theory of reference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrastivism" title="Contrastivism">Contrast theory of meaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrastivism" title="Contrastivism">Contrastivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventionalism" title="Conventionalism">Conventionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cratylism" title="Cratylism">Cratylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descriptivist_theory_of_names" title="Descriptivist theory of names">Descriptivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_reference_theory" title="Direct reference theory">Direct reference theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatism" title="Dramatism">Dramatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_semantics" title="Dynamic semantics">Dynamic semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressivism" title="Expressivism">Expressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisitive_semantics" title="Inquisitive semantics">Inquisitive semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_determinism" title="Linguistic determinism">Linguistic determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediated_reference_theory" title="Mediated reference theory">Mediated reference theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominalism" title="Nominalism">Nominalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cognitivism" title="Non-cognitivism">Non-cognitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phallogocentrism" title="Phallogocentrism">Phallogocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relevance_theory" title="Relevance theory">Relevance theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_externalism" title="Semantic externalism">Semantic externalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_holism" title="Semantic holism">Semantic holism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_semantics" title="Situation semantics">Situation semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism">Structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supposition_theory" title="Supposition theory">Supposition theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiosism" title="Symbiosism">Symbiosism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_noncognitivism" title="Theological noncognitivism">Theological noncognitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_descriptions" title="Theory of descriptions">Theory of descriptions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Definite_description" title="Definite description">Definite description</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_language" title="Theory of language">Theory of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">Unilalianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verificationism" title="Verificationism">Verification theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambiguity" title="Ambiguity">Ambiguity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cant_(language)" title="Cant (language)">Cant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_relativity" title="Linguistic relativity">Linguistic relativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth-bearer" title="Truth-bearer">Truth-bearer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposition" title="Proposition">Proposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use%E2%80%93mention_distinction" title="Use–mention distinction">Use–mention distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concept" title="Concept">Concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categorization" class="mw-redirect" title="Categorization">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(mathematics)" title="Set (mathematics)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_(philosophy)" title="Class (philosophy)">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_resemblance" title="Family resemblance">Family resemblance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intension" title="Intension">Intension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_form" title="Logical form">Logical form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalanguage" title="Metalanguage">Metalanguage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_representation" title="Mental representation">Mental representation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modality_(natural_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modality (natural language)">Modality (natural language)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presupposition" title="Presupposition">Presupposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_compositionality" title="Principle of compositionality">Principle of compositionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_(philosophy)" title="Property (philosophy)">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_(semiotics)" title="Sign (semiotics)">Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sense_and_reference" title="Sense and reference">Sense and reference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_act" title="Speech act">Speech act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics)" title="Sentence (linguistics)">Sentence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_(logic)" title="Statement (logic)">Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_philosophy_of_language_articles" title="Index of philosophy of language articles">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cratylus_(dialogue)" title="Cratylus (dialogue)">Cratylus</a> (n.d.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_Grammar" title="Port-Royal Grammar">Port-Royal Grammar</a> (1660)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Arte_Combinatoria" title="De Arte Combinatoria">De Arte Combinatoria</a> (1666)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_Towards_a_Real_Character,_and_a_Philosophical_Language" title="An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language">An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language</a> (1668)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alciphron_(book)" title="Alciphron (book)">Alciphron</a> (1732)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_Denoting" title="On Denoting">On Denoting</a>" (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractatus_Logico-Philosophicus" title="Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus">Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language,_Truth,_and_Logic" title="Language, Truth, and Logic">Language, Truth, and Logic</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Dogmas_of_Empiricism" title="Two Dogmas of Empiricism">Two Dogmas of Empiricism</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Investigations" title="Philosophical Investigations">Philosophical Investigations</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Grammatology" title="Of Grammatology">Of Grammatology</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_and_Necessity" title="Naming and Necessity">Naming and Necessity</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittgenstein_on_Rules_and_Private_Language" title="Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language">Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_Inc" title="Limited Inc">Limited Inc</a> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">Analytic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_information" title="Philosophy of information">Philosophy of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_logic" title="Philosophical logic">Philosophical logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatics" title="Pragmatics">Pragmatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Names" title="School of Names">School of Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantics_(natural_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantics (natural language)">Semantics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_semantics_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Formal semantics (linguistics)">Formal semantics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">Semiotics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_of_language" title="Category:Philosophy of language">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Language" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Language">Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Philosophy" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Philosophy">Discussion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Continental_philosophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Continental_philosophy" title="Template:Continental philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Continental_philosophy" title="Template talk:Continental philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Continental_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Continental philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Continental_philosophy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">Continental philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Althusser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Bachelard" title="Gaston Bachelard">Bachelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Barthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bataille" title="Georges Bataille">Bataille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Bergson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blanchot" title="Maurice Blanchot">Blanchot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Bourdieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Buber" title="Martin Buber">Buber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Cassirer" title="Ernst Cassirer">Cassirer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Cioran" title="Emil Cioran">Cioran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Cixous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Dilthey" title="Wilhelm Dilthey">Dilthey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Eagleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frantz_Fanon" title="Frantz Fanon">Fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher" title="Mark Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Gadamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Guattari" title="Félix Guattari">Guattari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Husserl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ingarden" title="Roman Ingarden">Ingarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">Irigaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Jameson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Jaspers" title="Karl Jaspers">Jaspers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Koj%C3%A8ve" title="Alexandre Kojève">Kojève</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré">Koyré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski" title="Leszek Kołakowski">Kołakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Kristeva" title="Julia Kristeva">Kristeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Lacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Latour" title="Bruno Latour">Latour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Lefebvre" title="Henri Lefebvre">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Lévi-Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Levinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Luhmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Lyotard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Merleau-Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega y Gasset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ranci%C3%A8re" title="Jacques Rancière">Rancière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ric%C5%93ur" title="Paul Ricœur">Ricœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Schelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Serres" title="Michel Serres">Serres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sloterdijk" title="Peter Sloterdijk">Sloterdijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absurdism" title="Absurdism">Absurdism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegelianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegelianism">Hegelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freudo-Marxism" title="Freudo-Marxism">Freudo-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Kantianism" title="Neo-Kantianism">Neo-Kantianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-philosophy" title="Non-philosophy">Non-philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-representational_theory" title="Non-representational theory">Non-representational theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_pessimism" title="Philosophical pessimism">Philosophical pessimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_philosophy" title="Postmodern philosophy">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">Post-structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">Psychoanalysis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalytic_theory" title="Psychoanalytic theory">Psychoanalytic theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_realism" title="Speculative realism">Speculative realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism">Structuralism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alterity" title="Alterity">Alterity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Always_already" title="Always already">Always already</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angst" title="Angst">Angst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonian_and_Dionysian" title="Apollonian and Dionysian">Apollonian and Dionysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_(philosophy)" title="Authenticity (philosophy)">Authenticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Being_in_itself" title="Being in itself">Being in itself</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_oppositions" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary oppositions">Binary oppositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boredom" title="Boredom">Boredom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Class struggle">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique" title="Critique">Critique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immanent_critique" title="Immanent critique">Immanent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideological_criticism" title="Ideological criticism">Ideological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcritique" title="Postcritique">Postcritique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasein" title="Dasein">Dasein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of God">Death of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_drive" title="Death drive">Death drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diff%C3%A9rance" title="Différance">Différance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difference_(philosophy)" title="Difference (philosophy)">Difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existence_precedes_essence" title="Existence precedes essence">Existence precedes essence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existential_crisis" title="Existential crisis">Existential crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facticity" title="Facticity">Facticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaze" title="Gaze">Gaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_(philosophy)" title="Genealogy (philosophy)">Genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitus_(sociology)" title="Habitus (sociology)">Habitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauntology" title="Hauntology">Hauntology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_materialism" title="Historical materialism">Historical materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpellation_(philosophy)" title="Interpellation (philosophy)">Interpellation (philosophy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersubjectivity" title="Intersubjectivity">Intersubjectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_of_faith" title="Leap of faith">Leap of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_dialectic" class="mw-redirect" title="Master–slave dialectic">Master–slave dialectic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_morality" title="Master–slave morality">Master–slave morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_complex" title="Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontic">Ontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontopoetics" title="Ontopoetics">Ontopoetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Other_(philosophy)" title="Other (philosophy)">Other</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ressentiment" title="Ressentiment">Ressentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-deception" title="Self-deception">Self-deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_(deconstruction)" title="Trace (deconstruction)">Trace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaluation_of_values" title="Transvaluation of values">Transvaluation of values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence#Philosophical_perspectives" title="Violence">Violence § Philosophical perspectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wertkritik" class="mw-redirect" title="Wertkritik">Wertkritik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_to_power" title="Will to power">Will to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics_of_suspicion" title="Hermeneutics of suspicion">Hermeneutics of suspicion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discourse" title="Discourse">Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic theory">Linguistic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_determinism" title="Linguistic determinism">Linguistic determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">Semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">Semiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_studies" title="Media studies">Media studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_theory" title="Film theory">Film theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_turn" title="Linguistic turn">Linguistic turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">Postcolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">Philosophy of language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Continental_philosophy" title="Category:Continental philosophy">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_continental_philosophy_articles" title="Index of continental philosophy articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130631#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130631#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130631#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121429146">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/88958529">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/41147/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgxp8YMcvxJrqvYdprcyd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118677888">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79092610">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11899710z">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11899710z">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00437722">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV020220">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35357803">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990001723&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1130306">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/39470">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068900600">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90061882">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000016366&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000001552&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000060960">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=64708">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000022825">Argentina</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199606951">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/hftwwt414hrjfk0">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810587895805606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/56381">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007260300605171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511646306706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14800273">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00404236?l=en">CiNii</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=221124">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0A_lO2UAAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500045861">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/bf957c94-776f-449a-a4f7-2b37f7fd9a89">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/446969">RKD Artists</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/924295">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118677888.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118677888">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027287130">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6p84tvf">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=26283">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elmcip.net/node/10544">ELMCIP</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&oldid=1261635096">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&oldid=1261635096</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jacques_Derrida" title="Category:Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1930_births" title="Category:1930 births">1930 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2004_deaths" title="Category:2004 deaths">2004 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_pancreatic_cancer_in_France" title="Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer in France">Deaths from pancreatic cancer in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_architecture_writers" title="Category:French architecture writers">French architecture writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_essayists" title="Category:French essayists">French essayists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_male_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:French male non-fiction writers">French male non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Postmodern_writers" title="Category:Postmodern writers">Postmodern writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_about_activism_and_social_change" title="Category:Writers about activism and social change">Writers about activism and social change</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Algiers" title="Category:Writers from Algiers">Writers from Algiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_anthropologists" title="Category:20th-century French anthropologists">20th-century French anthropologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_essayists" title="Category:20th-century French essayists">20th-century French essayists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_male_writers" title="Category:20th-century French male writers">20th-century French male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_philosophers" title="Category:20th-century French philosophers">20th-century French philosophers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_translators" title="Category:20th-century French translators">20th-century French translators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_French_anthropologists" title="Category:21st-century French anthropologists">21st-century French anthropologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_French_essayists" title="Category:21st-century French essayists">21st-century French essayists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_French_male_writers" title="Category:21st-century French male writers">21st-century French male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_French_philosophers" title="Category:21st-century French philosophers">21st-century French philosophers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_French_translators" title="Category:21st-century French translators">21st-century French translators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Architectural_theoreticians" title="Category:Architectural theoreticians">Architectural theoreticians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deconstruction" title="Category:Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Epistemologists" title="Category:Epistemologists">Epistemologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_philosophers" title="Category:Jewish philosophers">Jewish philosophers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Judaism_and_environmentalism" title="Category:Judaism and environmentalism">Judaism and environmentalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metaphysicians" title="Category:Metaphysicians">Metaphysicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ontologists" title="Category:Ontologists">Ontologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phenomenologists" title="Category:Phenomenologists">Phenomenologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_art" title="Category:Philosophers of art">Philosophers of art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_culture" title="Category:Philosophers of culture">Philosophers of culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_philosophers_of_education" title="Category:French philosophers of education">French philosophers of education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_history" title="Category:Philosophers of history">Philosophers of history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_language" title="Category:Philosophers of language">Philosophers of language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_law" title="Category:Philosophers of law">Philosophers of law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_linguistics" title="Category:Philosophers of linguistics">Philosophers of linguistics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_literature" title="Category:Philosophers of literature">Philosophers of literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_mind" title="Category:Philosophers of mind">Philosophers of mind</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_psychology" title="Category:Philosophers of psychology">Philosophers of psychology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_science" title="Category:Philosophers of science">Philosophers of science</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_social_science" title="Category:Philosophers of social science">Philosophers of social science</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_technology" title="Category:Philosophers of technology">Philosophers of technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_academics" title="Category:Philosophy academics">Philosophy academics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_philosophers" title="Category:Political philosophers">Political philosophers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_philosophers" title="Category:Social philosophers">Social philosophers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti%E2%80%93Iraq_War_activists" title="Category:Anti–Iraq War activists">Anti–Iraq War activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Democracy_activists" title="Category:Democracy activists">Democracy activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecofeminists" title="Category:Ecofeminists">Ecofeminists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_environmentalists" title="Category:French environmentalists">French environmentalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_feminists" title="Category:French feminists">French feminists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_literary_critics" title="Category:French literary critics">French literary critics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_semioticians" title="Category:French semioticians">French semioticians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_translation_scholars" title="Category:French translation scholars">French translation scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hermeneutists" title="Category:Hermeneutists">Hermeneutists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Literacy_and_society_theorists" title="Category:Literacy and society theorists">Literacy and society theorists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Literary_theorists" title="Category:Literary theorists">Literary theorists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poststructuralists" title="Category:Poststructuralists">Poststructuralists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rhetoric_theorists" title="Category:Rhetoric theorists">Rhetoric theorists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Semanticists" title="Category:Semanticists">Semanticists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Theorists_on_Western_civilization" title="Category:Theorists on Western civilization">Theorists on Western civilization</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trope_theorists" title="Category:Trope theorists">Trope theorists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African_Sephardi_Jews" title="Category:African Sephardi Jews">African Sephardi Jews</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Algerian_emigrants_to_France" title="Category:Algerian emigrants to France">Algerian emigrants to France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Algerian_Jews" title="Category:Algerian Jews">Algerian Jews</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_people_of_Algerian-Jewish_descent" title="Category:French people of Algerian-Jewish descent">French people of Algerian-Jewish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_El_Biar" title="Category:People from El Biar">People from El Biar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pieds-noirs" title="Category:Pieds-noirs">Pieds-noirs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure_alumni" title="Category:École Normale Supérieure alumni">École Normale Supérieure alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_the_%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" title="Category:Academic staff of the École Normale Supérieure">Academic staff of the École Normale Supérieure</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_European_Graduate_School" title="Category:Academic staff of European Graduate School">Academic staff of European Graduate School</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_University_alumni" title="Category:Harvard University alumni">Harvard University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_California,_Irvine_faculty" title="Category:University of California, Irvine faculty">University of California, Irvine faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_the_University_of_Paris" title="Category:Academic staff of the University of Paris">Academic staff of the University of Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_secular_Jews" title="Category:French secular Jews">French secular Jews</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations" title="Category:All articles with incomplete citations">All articles with incomplete citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_September_2023" title="Category:Articles with incomplete citations from September 2023">Articles with incomplete citations from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2022">Use dmy dates from August 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_philosopher_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox philosopher with unknown parameters">Pages using infobox philosopher with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_are_too_technical" title="Category:All articles that are too technical">All articles that are too technical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_are_too_technical_from_July_2019" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that are too technical from July 2019">Wikipedia articles that are too technical from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_expert_attention" title="Category:All articles needing expert attention">All articles needing expert attention</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_expert_attention_from_July_2019" title="Category:Articles needing expert attention from July 2019">Articles needing expert attention from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_August_2010" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2010">Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2020" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2020">Articles needing additional references from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2022">Articles needing additional references from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_December_2022" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from December 2022">Articles that may contain original research from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_spam_cleanup_from_October_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia spam cleanup from October 2021">Wikipedia spam cleanup from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_further_reading_cleanup" title="Category:Wikipedia further reading cleanup">Wikipedia further reading cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_external_links_cleanup_from_October_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia external links cleanup from October 2021">Wikipedia external links cleanup from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_other_archives" title="Category:Webarchive template other archives">Webarchive template other archives</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 December 2024, at 03:16 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Derrida&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7f79446bf6-86kjq","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.545","walltime":"1.851","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19068,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":304188,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":35391,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":25,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":437540,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1541.464 1 -total"," 29.10% 448.562 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.14% 264.237 1 Template:Infobox_philosopher"," 8.32% 128.300 30 Template:ISBN"," 7.39% 113.925 21 Template:Cite_book"," 5.94% 91.610 36 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"," 5.76% 88.791 1 Template:IPA"," 4.75% 73.200 18 Template:Cite_web"," 4.33% 66.721 1 Template:Commons_category"," 4.31% 66.513 2 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.841","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20902918,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n1 1 Christopher Johnson\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6cd96847f8-jgv8c","timestamp":"20241217115857","ttl":1252876,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Jacques Derrida","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacques_Derrida","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q130631","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q130631","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-05-24T07:05:39Z","dateModified":"2024-12-07T03:16:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/5\/5e\/Jacques_derrida_pardonner_limpardonnable_et_limprescriptible_22.jpg","headline":"French philosopher (1930\u20132004)"}</script> </body> </html>