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Æ - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cyrillic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyrillic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Cyrillic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyrillic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>French</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Latin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Germanic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Germanic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Other Germanic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Germanic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ossetian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ossetian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Ossetian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ossetian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_American_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_American_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>South American languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_American_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Phonetic_Alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>International Phonetic Alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Phonetic_Alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typing_the_character" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typing_the_character"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Typing the character</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typing_the_character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Footnotes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Æ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86_(lizherenn)" title="Æ (lizherenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Æ (lizherenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86_(ligatuur)" title="Æ (ligatuur) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Æ (ligatuur)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Æ (латиница) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Æ (латиница)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="Æ (слово латинице) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Æ (слово латинице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Æ" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Æ" 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=%C3%86">reviewed</a> on <i>2 December 2024</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ligature of the Latin letters A and E</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Latin-script ligature. For the Cyrillic letter, see <a href="/wiki/%D3%94_(Cyrillic)" title="Ӕ (Cyrillic)">Ӕ (Cyrillic)</a>. For the sound, see <a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">Near-open front unrounded vowel</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/AE_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="AE (disambiguation)">AE (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ash (character)" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ash_(name)" title="Ash (name)">Ash (name)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Æsh" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Aesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesh">Aesh</a> (redirects to a different target).</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:white; color:black;;">Æ</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="font-size: 4em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal">Æ æ</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_ligature_AE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Æ in Times New Roman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Latin_ligature_AE.svg/200px-Latin_ligature_AE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Latin_ligature_AE.svg/300px-Latin_ligature_AE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Latin_ligature_AE.svg/400px-Latin_ligature_AE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:white; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Usage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">Typographic ligature</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound values</th><td class="infobox-data">[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span>]</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:white; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> <a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Æ æ</b></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sisters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D3%94_(Cyrillic)" title="Ӕ (Cyrillic)">Ӕ</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:white; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Other</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-Right</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_alphabet_%C3%86%C3%A6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Latin_alphabet_%C3%86%C3%A6.svg/220px-Latin_alphabet_%C3%86%C3%A6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Latin_alphabet_%C3%86%C3%A6.svg/330px-Latin_alphabet_%C3%86%C3%A6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Latin_alphabet_%C3%86%C3%A6.svg/440px-Latin_alphabet_%C3%86%C3%A6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="35" /></a><figcaption>Æ in <a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bodoni" title="Bodoni">Bodoni</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arch%C3%A6ology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Arch%C3%A6ology.svg/220px-Arch%C3%A6ology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Arch%C3%A6ology.svg/330px-Arch%C3%A6ology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Arch%C3%A6ology.svg/440px-Arch%C3%A6ology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="148" data-file-height="76" /></a><figcaption>Æ alone and in context</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Æ</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lowercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowercase">lowercase</a>: <b>æ</b>) is a character formed from the letters <i><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></i>, originally a <a href="/wiki/Orthographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthographic ligature">ligature</a> representing the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthong</a> <i>ae</i>. It has been promoted to the status of a <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letter</a> in some languages, including <a href="/wiki/Danish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish alphabet">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian alphabet">Norwegian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography">Icelandic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a>. It was also used in <a href="/wiki/Old_Swedish" title="Old Swedish">Old Swedish</a> before being changed to <a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">ä</a>. It was also used in <a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a> before switched back to its <a href="/wiki/%D3%94_(Cyrillic)" title="Ӕ (Cyrillic)">Cyrillic counterpart</a>. The modern <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> uses it to represent the <a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">near-open front unrounded vowel</a> (the sound represented by the 'a' in English words like <i>cat</i>). <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritic</a> variants include Ǣ/ǣ, Ǽ/ǽ, Æ̀/æ̀, Æ̂/æ̂ and Æ̃/æ̃.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a letter of the <a href="/wiki/Old_English_Latin_alphabet" title="Old English Latin alphabet">Old English Latin alphabet</a>, it was called <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">æsc</i></span>, "<a href="/wiki/Ash_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash tree">ash tree</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon futhorc</a> rune <a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)">ᚫ</a> which it <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliterated</a>; its traditional name in English is still <b>ash</b>, or <b>æsh</b> (<a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>: <i lang="ang">æsċ</i>) if the ligature is included. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Melanesiae_De_Havilland_Australia_DHA-3_Drover_Mk3_BWU_Wheatley-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Air_Melanesiae_De_Havilland_Australia_DHA-3_Drover_Mk3_BWU_Wheatley-2.jpg/220px-Air_Melanesiae_De_Havilland_Australia_DHA-3_Drover_Mk3_BWU_Wheatley-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Air_Melanesiae_De_Havilland_Australia_DHA-3_Drover_Mk3_BWU_Wheatley-2.jpg/330px-Air_Melanesiae_De_Havilland_Australia_DHA-3_Drover_Mk3_BWU_Wheatley-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Air_Melanesiae_De_Havilland_Australia_DHA-3_Drover_Mk3_BWU_Wheatley-2.jpg/440px-Air_Melanesiae_De_Havilland_Australia_DHA-3_Drover_Mk3_BWU_Wheatley-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="1149" /></a><figcaption>Vanuatu's domestic airline operated under the name <a href="/wiki/Air_Melanesi%C3%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Melanesiæ">Air Melanesiæ</a> in the 1970s.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katholische-hofkirche_AE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Katholische-hofkirche_AE.jpg/220px-Katholische-hofkirche_AE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Katholische-hofkirche_AE.jpg/330px-Katholische-hofkirche_AE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Katholische-hofkirche_AE.jpg/440px-Katholische-hofkirche_AE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Æ on the <a href="/wiki/Katholische_Hofkirche" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholische Hofkirche">Katholische Hofkirche</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> (at the beginning of "ÆDEM")</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cyrillic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/%D3%94_(Cyrillic)" title="Ӕ (Cyrillic)">Ӕ (Cyrillic)</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> Ӕ and ӕ are used in <a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aelggyva_Edwige.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Aelggyva_Edwige.JPG/310px-Aelggyva_Edwige.JPG" decoding="async" width="310" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Aelggyva_Edwige.JPG/465px-Aelggyva_Edwige.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Aelggyva_Edwige.JPG/620px-Aelggyva_Edwige.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The name <i>Ælfgyva</i>, on the <a href="/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry#Unsettled_questions" title="Bayeux Tapestry">Bayeux Tapestry</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, use of the ligature varies between different places and contexts, but it is fairly rare. In modern typography, if technological limitations make the use of <i>æ</i> difficult (such as in use of <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriters</a>, telegraphs, or <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ae_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ae (digraph)">ae</a></i> is often used instead. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a>, <i>æ</i> represented a sound between <i>a</i> and <i>e</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a>/</span>), very much like the short <i>a</i> of <i>cat</i> in many dialects of Modern English. If long vowels are distinguished from short vowels, the long version <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/æː/</span> is marked with a <a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a> (<i>ǣ</i>) or, less commonly, an <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute</a> (<i>ǽ</i>). </p><p>In the United States, the issue of the ligature is sidestepped in many cases by use of a <a href="/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences" title="American and British English spelling differences">simplified spelling</a> with "e", as happened with <a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">œ</a> as well. Usage, however, may vary; for example, while <i>medieval</i> is now more common than <i>mediaeval</i> (and the now old-fashioned <i>mediæval</i>) even in the United Kingdom,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>archeology</i> is more commonly used over <i>archaeology</i> solely in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French">French</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the modern <a href="/wiki/French_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="French alphabet">French alphabet</a>, <i>æ</i> (called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">e-dans-l'a</i></span>, 'e in the a') is used to spell Latin and Greek borrowings like <i><a href="/wiki/Curriculum_vit%C3%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Curriculum vitæ">curriculum vitæ</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Et_c%C3%A6tera" class="mw-redirect" title="Et cætera">et cætera</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ex_%C3%A6quo" class="extiw" title="wikt:ex æquo">ex æquo</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Taenia_(flatworm)" title="Taenia (flatworm)">tænia</a></i>, and the first name <a href="/wiki/Laetitia_(given_name)" title="Laetitia (given name)">Lætitia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is mentioned in the name of <a href="/wiki/Serge_Gainsbourg" title="Serge Gainsbourg">Serge Gainsbourg</a>'s song <i>Elaeudanla Téïtéïa</i>, a reading of the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> spelling of the name Lætitia: "L, A, E dans l'A, T, I, T, I, A."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin">Latin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a>, the combination <i>AE</i> denotes the <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthong</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[ae̯]</a></span>, which had a value similar to the long <i>i</i> in <i>f<b>i</b>ne</i> as pronounced in most dialects of Modern English.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both classical and present practice is to write the letters separately, but the ligature was used in medieval and early modern writings, in part because <i>æ</i> was reduced to the simple vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[ɛ]</a></span> during the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. In some medieval scripts, the ligature was simplified to <i>ę</i>, an <i>e</i> with <a href="/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek">ogonek</a>, called the <i><a href="/wiki/E_caudata" title="E caudata">e caudata</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for "tailed e"). That was further simplified into a plain <i>e</i>, which may have influenced or been influenced by the pronunciation change. However, the ligature is still relatively common in <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">liturgical books</a> and musical scores. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Germanic_languages">Other Germanic languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other Germanic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Old Norse</b> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>, <i>æ</i> represents the long vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛː</a>/</span>. The short version of the same vowel, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ/</span>, if it is distinguished from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span>, is written as <i>ę</i>. </p><p><b>Icelandic</b> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>, <i>æ</i> represents the <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthong</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ai]</a></span>, which can be long or short. </p><p><b>Faroese</b> </p><p>In most varieties of <a href="/wiki/Faroese_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Faroese alphabet">Faroese</a>, <i>æ</i> is pronounced as follows: </p> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ɛa]</a></span> when simultaneously stressed and occurring either word-finally, before a vowel letter, before a single consonant letter, or before the consonant-letter groups <i>kl</i>, <i>kr</i>, <i>pl</i>, <i>pr</i>, <i>tr</i>, <i>kj</i>, <i>tj</i>, <i>sj</i>, and those consisting of <i>ð</i> and one other consonant letter, except for <i>ðr</i> when pronounced like <i>gr</i> (except as below)</li> <li>a rather open <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[eː]</a></span> when directly followed by the sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[a]</a></span>, as in <span title="Faroese-language text"><i lang="fo">ræðast</i></span> (silent <i>ð</i>) and <span title="Faroese-language text"><i lang="fo">frægari</i></span> (silent <i>g</i>)</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[a]</a></span> in all other cases</li></ul> <p>One of its etymological origins is <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> é (the other is Old Norse æ), which is particularly evident in the dialects of <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0uroy" title="Suðuroy">Suðuroy</a>, where Æ is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[eː]</a></span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ɛ]</a></span>: </p> <ul><li><span title="Faroese-language text"><i lang="fo">æða</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Eider" title="Eider">eider</a>): Southern <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[eːa]</a></span>, Northern Faroese <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ɛava]</a></span></li> <li><span title="Faroese-language text"><i lang="fo">ætt</i></span> (family, direction): Southern <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ɛtː]</a></span>, Northern Faroese <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[atː]</a></span></li></ul> <p><b>German and Swedish</b> </p><p>The equivalent letter in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> is <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">ä</i></span>, but it is not located at the same place within the alphabet. In German, it is not a separate letter from "A" but in Swedish, it is the second-to-last letter (between å and ö). </p><p>In the normalized spelling of <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a>, <span title="Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text"><i lang="gmh">æ</i></span> represents a long vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛː]</span>. The actual spelling in the manuscripts varies, however. </p><p><b>Danish and Norwegian</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark-gender.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Denmark-gender.png/200px-Denmark-gender.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Denmark-gender.png/300px-Denmark-gender.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Denmark-gender.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>West of the red line through Jutland, classic <a href="/wiki/Danish_dialects" title="Danish dialects">Danish dialects</a> use <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">æ</i></span> as the <a href="/wiki/Definite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Definite article">definite article</a>. Additionally, the northernmost and southernmost of that area use <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Æ</i></span> as the first person singular pronoun I. The two words are different vowels.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Danish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish alphabet">Danish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian alphabet">Norwegian</a>, <i>æ</i> is a separate letter of the alphabet that represents a <a href="/wiki/Monophthong" title="Monophthong">monophthong</a>. It follows <i><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></i> and precedes <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">ø</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a></i>. In Norwegian, there are four ways of pronouncing the letter: </p> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/æː/</span> as in <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">æ</i></span> (the name of the letter), <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">bær</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Ole_Gunnar_Solskj%C3%A6r" title="Ole Gunnar Solskjær">Solskjær</a></i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">læring</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">æra</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86nes" title="Ænes">Ænes</a></i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">ærlig</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">tærne</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A6rner" title="Kværner">Kværner</a></i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rn_D%C3%A6hlie" title="Bjørn Dæhlie">Dæhlie</a></i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">særs</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">ærfugl</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">lært</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">trær</i></span> ("trees")</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/æ/</span> as in <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">færre</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">æsj</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">nærmere</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6rder_Lighthouse" title="Færder Lighthouse">Færder</a></i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Skjærvø</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">ærverdig</i></span>, <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">vært</i></span>, <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">lærd</i></span>, <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Bræin</i></span> (where <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">æi</i></span> is pronounced as a diphthong <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/æi/</span>)</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/eː/</span> as in <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Sæther</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Næser</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Sæbø</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">gælisk</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">spælsau</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">bevæpne</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">sæd</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">æser</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Hotel_C%C3%A6sar" title="Hotel Cæsar">Cæsar</a></i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">væte</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">trær</i></span> ("thread(s)" [verb])</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span> as in <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Sæth</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Naess" title="Naess">Næss</a></i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Brænne</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Kjell_B%C3%A6kkelund" title="Kjell Bækkelund">Bækkelund</a></i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Knut_Volleb%C3%A6k" title="Knut Vollebæk">Vollebæk</a></i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">væske</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">trædd</i></span></li></ul> <p>In many northern, western, and southwestern Norwegian dialects such as <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndersk" title="Trøndersk">Trøndersk</a> and in the western Danish dialects of <span title="Danish-language text"><span lang="da" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Thy_(district)" title="Thy (district)">Thy</a></span></span> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Jutland" title="Southern Jutland">Southern Jutland</a>, the word "I" (Standard Danish: <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">jeg</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a> Norwegian: <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">jeg</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Nynorsk</a> Norwegian: <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">eg</i></span>) is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/æː/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, when this word is written as it is pronounced in these dialects (rather than the standard), it is often spelled with the letter "æ". </p><p>In western and southern <a href="/wiki/Jutlandic_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Jutlandic dialect">Jutish</a> dialects of Danish, <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">æ</i></span> is also the <a href="/wiki/Proclitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proclitic">proclitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Definite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Definite article">definite article</a>: <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">æ hus</i></span> (the house), as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Danish_language#Dialects" title="Danish language">Standard Danish</a> and all other Nordic varieties which have en<a href="/wiki/Clitic" title="Clitic">clitic</a> definite articles (Danish, Swedish, Norwegian: <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">huset</i></span>; Icelandic, Faroese: <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">húsið</i></span> [the house]). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ossetian">Ossetian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ossetian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oseta_latina_skribo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Oseta_latina_skribo.jpg/310px-Oseta_latina_skribo.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Oseta_latina_skribo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a> Latin script; part of a page from a book published in 1935</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a> used the letter <i>æ</i> when it was written using the Latin script from 1923 to 1938. Since then, Ossetian has used a <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic alphabet</a> with an identical-looking letter (<a href="/wiki/%D3%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Ӕ">Ӕ and ӕ</a>). It is pronounced as a <a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">near-open central vowel</a> ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ɐ</span>⟩. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_American_languages">South American languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: South American languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The letter <i>Æ</i> is used in the official orthography of <a href="/wiki/Kaw%C3%A9sqar_language" title="Kawésqar language">Kawésqar</a> spoken in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and also in that of the Fuegian language <a href="/wiki/Yaghan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaghan language">Yaghan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: International Phonetic Alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The symbol <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[æ]</span> is also used in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA) to denote a <a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">near-open front unrounded vowel</a> like in the word <i>cat</i> in many dialects of Modern English, which is the sound that was most likely represented by the Old English letter. In the IPA, it is always in <a href="/wiki/Lowercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowercase">lowercase</a>. <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+10783</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𐞃</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL AE</span> is a <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Superscript_IPA" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">superscript IPA letter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-L220252_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220252-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Uralic Phonetic Alphabet</b> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Uralic_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralic Phonetic Alphabet">Uralic Phonetic Alphabet</a> (UPA) uses four additional æ-related symbols, see Unicode table below.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typing_the_character">Typing the character</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Typing the character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NordicKbd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/NordicKbd.jpg/220px-NordicKbd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/NordicKbd.jpg/330px-NordicKbd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/NordicKbd.jpg/440px-NordicKbd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3725" /></a><figcaption>Nordic keyboard with keys for Æ and Ø. The Danish layout uses the blue labels and the Norwegian layout the green ones. (The white labels are for Swedish and Finnish, which use Ä and Ö.)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG/220px-Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG/330px-Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG/440px-Left_side_of_modern_US-International_keyboard.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>The Æ character is accessible using <a href="/wiki/AltGr" class="mw-redirect" title="AltGr">AltGr</a>+z on a <a href="/wiki/US-International" class="mw-redirect" title="US-International">US-International</a> keyboard.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> entities are <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">&AElig;</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">&aelig;</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">9</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">8</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">4</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">6</kbd> for uppercase, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">2</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">4</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">5</kbd> for lowercase.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Testing the given shortcuts on Windows 11 this doesn't cause any letters to be typed. How are they supposed to work? (June 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting system, <i>ӕ</i> is produced by <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">\ae</code>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">&</kbd> followed by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">A</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">a</kbd>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Compose_key" title="Compose key">Compose</a></kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">a</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">e</kbd> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Compose</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">A</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">E</kbd> can be used.</li> <li>In all versions of the Mac OS (Systems 1 through 7, Mac OS 8 and 9, OS X, macOS 11, 12, 13, and the current macOS 14): æ: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Option</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">'</kbd> (apostrophe key), Æ: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Option</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">'</kbd>.</li> <li>On the iPhone, iPod touch and iPad, as well as phones running Google's Android OS or Windows Mobile OS and on the Kindle Touch and Paperwhite: hold down "A" until a small menu is displayed.</li> <li>On <a href="/wiki/US-International" class="mw-redirect" title="US-International">US-International</a> keyboards, Æ is accessible with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">AltGr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">z</kbd> (X sometimes uses <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">AltGr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">a</kbd>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_keyboard_layout" title="Icelandic keyboard layout">Icelandic keyboard layout</a> has a separate key for Æ (and <a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">Ð</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">Þ</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Ö</a>).</li> <li>The Norwegian keyboard layout also has a separate key for Æ, rightmost of the letters, to the right of <a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a> and below <a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Vim_(text_editor)" title="Vim (text editor)">Vim</a> the digraph is 'AE' for Æ and 'ae' for æ. (Press Ctrl-K in Insert mode.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+00C6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">Æ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+00E6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">æ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER AE</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+01E2</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">Ǣ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH MACRON</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+01E3</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ǣ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH MACRON</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+01FC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">Ǽ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+01FD</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ǽ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1D01</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᴁ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL AE</span> (UPA)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1D02</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᴂ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED AE</span> (UPA)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1D2D</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᴭ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL AE</span> (UPA)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1D46</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᵆ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED AE</span> (UPA)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1DD4</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌ᷔ</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER AE</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+10783</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𐞃</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL AE</span> (IPA)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AE_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="AE (Cyrillic)">AE (Cyrillic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ae_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ae (digraph)">Ae (digraph)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_caudata" title="E caudata">Ę</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Ö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">Œ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">Near-open front unrounded vowel</a> (represented by æ in the IPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C6%8F" title="Ə">Ə</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_rune" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansuz rune">Ansuz rune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_that_may_be_spelled_with_a_ligature" title="List of English words that may be spelled with a ligature">List of English words that may be spelled with a ligature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anavae" title="Anavae">Anavae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aespa" title="Aespa">Aespa</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">More information may be found at their entries on <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> (<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C7%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:ǣ">ǣ</a>, <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%B4%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ᴂ">ᴂ</a>, etc.), and on the appendix page there entitled <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Variations_of_%22ae%22" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:Variations of "ae"">Variations of <i>ae</i></a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonBaskervill1885" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, James A.; Baskervill, W. M., eds. (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H99ZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA11">"æsc"</a>. <i>A Handy Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Based on Groschopp's Grein</i>. A. S. Barnes. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C3%A6sc&rft.btitle=A+Handy+Anglo-Saxon+Dictionary%3A+Based+on+Groschopp%27s+Grein&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=A.+S.+Barnes&rft.date=1885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH99ZAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The spelling <i>medieval</i> is given priority in both <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/medieval">Oxford</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/mediaeval">Cambridge</a> Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Accessed June 2nd, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/archaeology">Merriam-Webster Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a>. Accessed June 2nd, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monsu.desiderio.free.fr/curiosites/ligat-ae.html">"La ligature æ"</a>. <i>monsu.desiderio.free.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=monsu.desiderio.free.fr&rft.atitle=La+ligature+%C3%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmonsu.desiderio.free.fr%2Fcuriosites%2Fligat-ae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ina.fr/ina-eclaire-actu/video/i04233221/serge-gainsbourg-elaeudanla-teiteia"><i>Serge Gainsbourg "Elaeudanla teïtéïa" | INA</i></a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-16</span></span> – via www.ina.fr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serge+Gainsbourg+%22Elaeudanla+te%C3%AFt%C3%A9%C3%AFa%22+%7C+INA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ina.fr%2Fina-eclaire-actu%2Fvideo%2Fi04233221%2Fserge-gainsbourg-elaeudanla-teiteia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Morwood (1999). <i>Latin Grammar</i>, Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860199-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860199-9">978-0-19-860199-9</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbert2022" class="citation web cs1">Albert, Daniel (2022-06-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lifeinnorway.net/trondersk-dialect/">"Trøndersk: The Dialects of Middle Norway"</a>. <i>Life in Norway</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Life+in+Norway&rft.atitle=Tr%C3%B8ndersk%3A+The+Dialects+of+Middle+Norway&rft.date=2022-06-24&rft.aulast=Albert&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifeinnorway.net%2Ftrondersk-dialect%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L220252-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L220252_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerAshby2020" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf">"L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-252R%3A+Unicode+request+for+IPA+modifier-letters+%28a%29%2C+pulmonic&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Ashby%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Everson, Michael</a>; et al. (2002-03-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf">"L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F02-141%3A+Uralic+Phonetic+Alphabet+characters+for+the+UCS&rft.date=2002-03-20&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2002%2F02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bringhurst" title="Robert Bringhurst">Robert Bringhurst</a> (2002). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Elements_of_Typographic_Style" title="The Elements of Typographic Style">The Elements of Typographic Style</a></i>. Vancouver: Hartley & Marks. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88179-205-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-88179-205-5">0-88179-205-5</a>. p. 271.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%86" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Æ"><i>Æ</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_spelled_with_%C3%86" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:English terms spelled with Æ"><i>Category:English terms spelled with Æ</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%C3%86" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Æ">Æ</a> at Wikimedia 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_script" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letter Æ with <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǣ">Ǣ ǣ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǽ">Ǽ ǽ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86%CC%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æ̀ (page does not exist)">æ̀</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Palaeography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Danish_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Danish_language" title="Template:Danish language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Danish_language" title="Template talk:Danish language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Danish_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Danish language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Danish_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_and_Norwegian_alphabet" title="Danish and Norwegian alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Æ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Braille">Danish Braille</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_grammar" title="Danish grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Danish" title="History of Danish">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_literature" title="Danish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_orthography" title="Danish orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_phonology" title="Danish phonology">Phonology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dania_transcription" title="Dania transcription">Dania transcription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%B8d" title="Stød">Stød</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG/200px-Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG/300px-Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG/400px-Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danish_dialects" title="Danish dialects">Dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jutlandic_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Jutlandic dialect">Jutlandic</a> (jysk) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Jutlandic" title="South Jutlandic">South Jutlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Danish" title="Insular Danish">Insular Danish</a> (ømål)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Danish" title="East Danish">East Danish</a> (østdansk) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornholm_dialect" title="Bornholm dialect">Bornholmsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanian_dialect" title="Scanian dialect">Scanian</a> (historically)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Schleswig_Danish" title="Southern Schleswig Danish">Southern Schleswig Danish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants,<br />derivatives, etc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Standard Danish (rigsdansk)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B8tudanskt_accent" title="Gøtudanskt accent">Gøtudanskt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petuh" title="Petuh">Petuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkerdansk" title="Perkerdansk">Perkerdansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Norwegian" title="Dano-Norwegian">Dano-Norwegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riksm%C3%A5l" title="Riksmål">Riksmål</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danglish" title="Danglish">Danglish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Danish,_Norwegian_and_Swedish" title="Comparison of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish">Comparison of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansk_Sprogn%C3%A6vn" title="Dansk Sprognævn">Dansk Sprognævn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Norwegian_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Norwegian_language" title="Template:Norwegian language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norwegian_language" title="Template talk:Norwegian language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norwegian_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norwegian language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Norwegian_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_and_Norwegian_alphabet" title="Danish and Norwegian alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_orthography" title="Norwegian orthography">Orthography</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Æ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian Braille</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_phonology" title="Norwegian phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language_conflict" title="Norwegian language conflict">Norwegian language conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Nynorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnorsk" title="Samnorsk">Samnorsk</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(discontinued)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Unofficial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8gnorsk" title="Høgnorsk">Høgnorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksm%C3%A5l" title="Riksmål">Riksmål</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_dialects" title="Norwegian dialects">Spoken</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vestlandsk" title="Vestlandsk">West and south</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arendalsk" title="Arendalsk">Arendalsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergensk" title="Bergensk">Bergensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandnes-m%C3%A5l" title="Sandnes-mål">Sandnesmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sognam%C3%A5l_dialect" title="Sognamål dialect">Sognamål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavangersk" title="Stavangersk">Stavangersk</a></li> <li>etc.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stnorsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Østnorsk">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohusm%C3%A5l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohusmål (page does not exist)">Bohusmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudbrandsdalsm%C3%A5l" title="Gudbrandsdalsmål">Gudbrandsdalsmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallingm%C3%A5l-Valdris" title="Hallingmål-Valdris">Hallingmål-Valdris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4rna-Idrem%C3%A5l" class="mw-redirect" title="Särna-Idremål">Särna-Idremål</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_egentliga_dalm%C3%A5len" class="extiw" title="sv:De egentliga dalmålen">sv</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_East_Norwegian" title="Urban East Norwegian">Urban East Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikv%C3%A6rsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikværsk">Vikværsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_dialect" title="Oslo dialect">Oslo dialect</a></li> <li>etc.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndersk" title="Trøndersk">Trøndersk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herjedalsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herjedalsk (page does not exist)">Herjedalsk</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4rjedalska" class="extiw" title="sv:Härjedalska">sv</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamtlandic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamtlandic dialects">Jemtlansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meldal_dialect" title="Meldal dialect">Medalsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trondheimsk" title="Trondheimsk">Trondheimsk</a></li> <li>etc.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nordnorsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordnorsk">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B8nn%C3%B8y_dialect" title="Brønnøy dialect">Brønnøymål</a></li> <li>etc.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Non-dialectical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kebabnorsk" title="Kebabnorsk">Kebabnorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Norwegian" title="Modern Norwegian">Modern Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svorsk" title="Svorsk">Svorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Norwegian" title="American Norwegian">American Norwegian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_West_Norse" class="mw-redirect" title="Old West Norse">Old West Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norwegian" title="Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Norwegian" title="Middle Norwegian">Middle Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Norwegian" title="Dano-Norwegian">Dano-Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_and_Standard_Danish" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Norwegian Bokmål and Standard Danish">Comparison of Norwegian Bokmål and Standard Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_exonyms" title="Norwegian exonyms">Exonyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_literature" title="Norwegian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_profanity" title="Norwegian profanity">Profanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sign_Language" title="Norwegian Sign Language">Sign language</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kjell_(norwegian_letter).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kjell"><img alt="Kjell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg/8px-Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg/12px-Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg/16px-Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="49" /></a></span> "<a href="/wiki/Kjell_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjell (letter)">Kjell</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norvegia_transcription" title="Norvegia transcription">Norvegia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_Council_of_Norway" title="Language Council of Norway">Language Council of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noregs_M%C3%A5llag" title="Noregs Mållag">Noregs Mållag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Academy" title="Norwegian Academy">Norwegian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksm%C3%A5l_Society" title="Riksmål Society">Riksmål Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Æ&oldid=1260718854">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Æ&oldid=1260718854</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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