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[o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Help:IPA</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" > 48 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مساعدة:الألفبائية الصوتية الدولية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:الألفبائية الصوتية الدولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:IPA" title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:IPA – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:IPA" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pytyv%C3%B5:A%C3%91H" title="Pytyvõ:AÑH – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pytyvõ:AÑH" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA:%D0%98%D0%A4%D0%90" title="Кумек:ИФА – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Кумек:ИФА" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A4%D9%85%DA%A9:IPA" title="کؤمک:IPA – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کؤمک:IPA" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF:%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC" title="সাহায্য:আধ্বব – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহায্য:আধ্বব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pang-ch%C4%81n:IPA" title="Pang-chān:IPA – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pang-chān:IPA" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Вікіпедыя:Міжнародны фанетычны алфавіт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікіпедыя:Міжнародны фанетычны алфавіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:IPA" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ajuda:AFI" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:MFA" title="Nápověda:MFA – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nápověda:MFA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymorth:IPA" title="Cymorth:IPA – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cymorth:IPA" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lautschrift" title="Wikipedia:Lautschrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikipedia:Lautschrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%9F%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%82_IPA" title="Βοήθεια:Οδηγός προφοράς IPA – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βοήθεια:Οδηγός προφοράς IPA" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="راهنما:آی‌پی‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:آی‌پی‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Aide:Alphabet phonétique international – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Alphabet phonétique international" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:IPA" title="위키백과:IPA – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:IPA" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulong:IPA" title="Tulong:IPA – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tulong:IPA" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Pengucapan" title="Bantuan:Pengucapan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bantuan:Pengucapan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="Help:IPA" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA" title="Wikipedia:IPA – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Wikipedia:IPA" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Al%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0lega_hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0stafr%C3%B3fi%C3%B0" title="Hjálp:Alþjóðlega hljóðstafrófið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hjálp:Alþjóðlega hljóðstafrófið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:IPA" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:AFI" title="Aiuto:AFI – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Aiuto:AFI" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanolo:IPA" title="Fanolo:IPA – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Fanolo:IPA" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agi%C3%BBtto:IPA" title="Agiûtto:IPA – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Agiûtto:IPA" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:AFA" title="Bantuan:AFA – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bantuan:AFA" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE:IPA" title="အကူအညီ:IPA – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အကူအညီ:IPA" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Help:IPA" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ajuda:AFI" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:IPA" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:IPA – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:IPA" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:IPA" title="ਮਦਦ:IPA – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਦਦ:IPA" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%BA%DA%96%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%90%DA%85%DB%90" title="ويکيپېډيا:نړيواله غږيزه ابېڅې – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويکيپېډيا:نړيواله غږيزه ابېڅې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Alfabeto_fon%C3%A9tico_internacional" title="Wikipédia:Alfabeto fonético internacional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Alfabeto fonético internacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA" title="උදවු:IPA – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:IPA" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Help:IPA" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%A2%D8%A1%D9%90_%D9%BE%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="مدد:آءِ پي اي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مدد:آءِ پي اي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C:IPA" title="یارمەتی:IPA – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یارمەتی:IPA" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%80%BD%E1%82%86%E1%82%88%E1%80%91%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA:IPA" title="လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်:IPA – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်:IPA" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:IPA" title="సహాయం:IPA – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సహాయం:IPA" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:IPA" title="Yardım:IPA – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yardım:IPA" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Вікіпедія:Міжнародний фонетичний алфавіт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікіпедія:Міжнародний фонетичний алфавіт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%81" title="معاونت:با ابجدیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاونت:با ابجدیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juto:IPA" title="Juto:IPA – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Juto:IPA" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:IPA" title="Trợ giúp:IPA – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trợ giúp:IPA" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%94%A8%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%A2%BC%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA%E8%90%AC%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Wikipedia:用統一碼顯示萬國音標 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Wikipedia:用統一碼顯示萬國音標" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:國際音標 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:國際音標" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1229525#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-help" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="View the help page 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For India-Pakistan affairs, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ARBIPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ARBIPA">WP:ARBIPA</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia information page</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;">This is an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#How-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">information page</a>. <div style="font-size: 90%;">It is not an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">encyclopedic article</a>, nor one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>; rather, its purpose is to explain certain aspects of Wikipedia's norms, customs, technicalities, or practices. It may reflect differing levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#Achieving_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">vetting</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPA&redirect=no">H:IPA</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:IPA&redirect=no">WP:IPA</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right selfref noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gnome-speakernotes.svg/40px-Gnome-speakernotes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gnome-speakernotes.svg/60px-Gnome-speakernotes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gnome-speakernotes.svg/80px-Gnome-speakernotes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article includes inline links to audio files. If you have trouble playing the files, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:MH" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:MH">Wikipedia Media help</a>.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_chart_2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/IPA_chart_2020.svg/260px-IPA_chart_2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/IPA_chart_2020.svg/390px-IPA_chart_2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/IPA_chart_2020.svg/520px-IPA_chart_2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="663"/></a><figcaption>The latest official IPA chart, revised in 2020</figcaption></figure> Here is a basic key to the symbols of the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>. For the smaller set of symbols that is sufficient for English, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">Help:IPA/English</a>. Several rare IPA symbols are not included; these are found in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">main IPA article</a> or on the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">extensive IPA chart</a>. For the Manual of Style guideline for pronunciation, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation</a>. For each IPA symbol, an English example is given where possible; here "RP" stands for <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a>. The foreign languages that are used to illustrate additional sounds are primarily the ones most likely to be familiar to English speakers: <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_German_phonology" title="Standard German phonology">Standard German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish</a>. For symbols not covered by those, recourse is taken to the populous languages <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese#Phonology" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_phonology" title="Hindustani phonology">Hindustani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_phonology" title="Arabic phonology">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_phonology" title="Russian phonology">Russian</a>. For sounds still not covered, other well-analyzed languages are used, such as <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language#Sounds" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language#phonology" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_phonology" title="Turkish phonology">Turkish</a>. The left-hand column displays the individual symbols in square brackets ([<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0e\/PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg/PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a>). Click on "listen" to hear the sound; click on the symbol itself for a dedicated article with a more complete description and examples from multiple languages. Consonant sounds are spoken once followed by a vowel and once between vowels. If the characters do not display, you may need to install a supporting font. Free fonts with good IPA support include <a href="/wiki/Gentium" title="Gentium">Gentium</a> Plus (serif) and <a href="/wiki/Andika_(typeface)" title="Andika (typeface)">Andika</a> (sans-serif). <div class="noprint" style="text-align:center;"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;">Contents</div> <div style="margin:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> <ul><li><a href="#Others">Others</a></li> <li><a href="#Marks_added_to_letters">Diacritic marks</a></li> <li><a href="#Brackets">Brackets </a></li> <li><a href="#Rendering_issues">Rendering issues </a></li> <li><a href="#Computer_input_using_on-screen_keyboard">Computer input</a></li> <li><a href="#See_also">See also </a></li> <li><a href="#External_links">External links </a></li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Main_symbols" data-mw-thread-id="h-Main_symbols">Main symbols</h2></div> The symbols are arranged by similarity to letters of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>. Symbols which do not resemble any Latin letter are placed at the end, the others section. <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol</th> <th>Examples</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr id="A"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> A </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0e\/PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg/PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Modern RP cat, German Mann, French gare </td> <td>The RP vowel is often transcribed with ⟨æ⟩ for historical reasons. For many English speakers, the first part of the ow sound in cow. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/50\/Open_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Open_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Open central unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/Open_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Open_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Open_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Open central unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Mandarin 他 tā, American English father, Spanish casa, French patte </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/22\/Near-open_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Near-open_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/Near-open_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Near-open_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Near-open_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>RP cut, German Kaiserslautern </td> <td>(In transcriptions of English, [ɐ] is usually written ⟨ʌ⟩.) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e5\/Open_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Open_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Open back unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Open_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Open_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Open_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Open back unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>RP father, French pâte, Dutch bad </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ɑ̃</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0e\/Fr-en.ogg\/Fr-en.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-en.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/Fr-en.ogg/Fr-en.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-en.ogg" title="File:Fr-en.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>French Caen, sans, temps </td> <td>Nasalized [ɑ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-7" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/31\/PR-open_back_rounded_vowel.ogg\/PR-open_back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/PR-open_back_rounded_vowel.ogg/PR-open_back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:PR-open_back_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Canadian English lot, Persian <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">ف‍‍ارسی</a> / fârsi </td> <td>Like [ɑ], but with the lips slightly rounded. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-8" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/80\/PR-open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel2.ogg\/PR-open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/PR-open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel2.ogg/PR-open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:PR-open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel2.ogg" title="File:PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>American English cut </td> <td>Like [ɔ], but without the lips being rounded. (When ⟨ʌ⟩ is used for English, it may really be [ɐ] or [ɜ].) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-9" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c9\/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>GA cat </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="B"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> B </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-10" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2c\/Voiced_bilabial_plosive.ogg\/Voiced_bilabial_plosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Voiced_bilabial_plosive.ogg/Voiced_bilabial_plosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_bilabial_plosive.ogg" title="File:Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English babble </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">ɓ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-11" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/31\/Voiced_bilabial_implosive.ogg\/Voiced_bilabial_implosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/Voiced_bilabial_implosive.ogg/Voiced_bilabial_implosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_bilabial_implosive.ogg" title="File:Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Swahili bwana </td> <td>Like a [b] said with a gulp. See <a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">implosive consonants</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-12" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/37\/Voiced_bilabial_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_bilabial_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/Voiced_bilabial_fricative.ogg/Voiced_bilabial_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_bilabial_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Spanish la Bamba, Kinyarwanda abana "children", Korean 무궁화 [muɡuŋβwa̠] mugunghwa </td> <td>Like [b], but with the lips not quite closed. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_trill" title="Voiced bilabial trill">ʙ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-13" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e7\/Bilabial_trill.ogg\/Bilabial_trill.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Bilabial trill.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/Bilabial_trill.ogg/Bilabial_trill.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Bilabial_trill.ogg" title="File:Bilabial trill.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Nias simbi [siʙi] "lower jaw" </td> <td>Sputtering. </td></tr> <tr id="C"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> C </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-14" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5d\/Voiceless_palatal_plosive.ogg\/Voiceless_palatal_plosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Voiceless_palatal_plosive.ogg/Voiceless_palatal_plosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_palatal_plosive.ogg" title="File:Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Turkish kebap "<a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">kebab</a>", Czech stín "shadow", Greek και "and" </td> <td>Between English tune (RP) and cute. Sometimes used instead for [tʃ] in languages like Hindi. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative">ç</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-15" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ab\/Voiceless_palatal_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_palatal_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Voiceless_palatal_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_palatal_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_palatal_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>German Ich </td> <td>More of a [j]-coloration (more palatal) than [x]. Some English speakers have a similar sound in huge. This sound can be produced by whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!". </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-16" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0b\/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg\/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Mandarin 西安 Xi'an, Polish ściana </td> <td>More [j]-like than [ʃ]; something like English she. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-17" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d0\/PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg\/PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg/PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#O">O</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="D"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> D </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-18" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/01\/Voiced_alveolar_plosive.ogg\/Voiced_alveolar_plosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/Voiced_alveolar_plosive.ogg/Voiced_alveolar_plosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_plosive.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English dad </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">ɗ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-19" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c3\/Voiced_alveolar_implosive.ogg\/Voiced_alveolar_implosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Voiced_alveolar_implosive.ogg/Voiced_alveolar_implosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_implosive.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Swahili Dodoma </td> <td>Like [d] said with a gulp. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-20" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/27\/Voiced_retroflex_stop.oga\/Voiced_retroflex_stop.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced retroflex stop.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Voiced_retroflex_stop.oga/Voiced_retroflex_stop.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_retroflex_stop.oga" title="File:Voiced retroflex stop.oga">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>American English harder </td> <td>Like [d] with the tongue curled or pulled back. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-21" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6a\/Voiced_dental_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_dental_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced dental fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Voiced_dental_fricative.ogg/Voiced_dental_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_dental_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced dental fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English the, bathe </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-22" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d8\/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga\/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga" title="File:Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English adds, Italian zero </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-23" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e6\/Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg\/Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg/Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg" title="File:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English judge </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-24" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c1\/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate.ogg\/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate.ogg/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_phonology" title="Polish phonology">Polish</a> niedźwiedź "bear" </td> <td>Like [dʒ], but with more of a [j]-sound. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">dʐ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-25" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/58\/Voiced_retroflex_affricate.ogg\/Voiced_retroflex_affricate.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/Voiced_retroflex_affricate.ogg/Voiced_retroflex_affricate.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_retroflex_affricate.ogg" title="File:Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Polish dżem "jam" </td> <td>Like [dʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back. </td></tr> <tr id="E"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> E </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-26" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6c\/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Scottish English day, Australian English bet, Spanish fe; French clé, German Klee </td> <td>Similar to American English hey, before the y sets in. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">ɘ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-27" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/60\/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Australian English bird </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-28" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d9\/Mid-central_vowel.ogg\/Mid-central_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mid-central vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Mid-central_vowel.ogg/Mid-central_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Mid-central_vowel.ogg" title="File:Mid-central vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English above, Hindi अब [əb] (ab) "now" </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/R-colored_vowel" title="R-colored vowel">ɚ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-29" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e1\/En-us-er.ogg\/En-us-er.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-er.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/En-us-er.ogg/En-us-er.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-er.ogg" title="File:En-us-er.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>American English runner </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-30" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/71\/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>British, Irish, North American English bet, New Zealand English bat </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ɛ̃</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-31" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6a\/Fr-Un-fr_FR-Paris.ogg\/Fr-Un-fr_FR-Paris.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-Un-fr FR-Paris.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Fr-Un-fr_FR-Paris.ogg/Fr-Un-fr_FR-Paris.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-Un-fr_FR-Paris.ogg" title="File:Fr-Un-fr FR-Paris.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>French Saint-Étienne, vin, main </td> <td>Nasalized [ɛ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel">ɜ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-32" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/01\/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>RP bird (long) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/R-colored_vowel" title="R-colored vowel">ɝ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-33" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e1\/En-us-er.ogg\/En-us-er.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-er.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/En-us-er.ogg/En-us-er.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-er.ogg" title="File:En-us-er.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>American English bird </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="F"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> F </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-34" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c7\/Voiceless_labio-dental_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_labio-dental_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless labio-dental fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Voiceless_labio-dental_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_labio-dental_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_labio-dental_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless labio-dental fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English fun </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-35" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1d\/Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg\/Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced palatal plosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg/Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg" title="File:Voiced palatal plosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#J">J</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive">ʄ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-36" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2c\/Voiced_palatal_implosive.ogg\/Voiced_palatal_implosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced palatal implosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Voiced_palatal_implosive.ogg/Voiced_palatal_implosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_palatal_implosive.ogg" title="File:Voiced palatal implosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#J">J</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="G"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> G </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-37" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/12\/Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg\/Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg/Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg" title="File:Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English gag </td> <td>(Should look like <a href="/wiki/File:Opentail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/6px-Opentail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/9px-Opentail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/12px-Opentail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="196"/></a>. Not different from a Latin "g") </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive">ɠ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-38" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a8\/Voiced_velar_implosive.ogg\/Voiced_velar_implosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced velar implosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Voiced_velar_implosive.ogg/Voiced_velar_implosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_implosive.ogg" title="File:Voiced velar implosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Swahili Uganda </td> <td>Like [ɡ] said with a gulp. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-39" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b6\/Voiced_uvular_stop.oga\/Voiced_uvular_stop.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced uvular stop.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/Voiced_uvular_stop.oga/Voiced_uvular_stop.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_uvular_stop.oga" title="File:Voiced uvular stop.oga">ⓘ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Like [ɡ], but further back, in the throat. Found in <a href="/wiki/Persian_phonology" title="Persian phonology">Persian</a> and some Arabic dialects for /q/, as in <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-40" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/30\/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg\/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#Z">Z</a> </td> <td>English beige. </td></tr> <tr id="H"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> H </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-41" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/da\/Voiceless_glottal_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_glottal_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Voiceless_glottal_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_glottal_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_glottal_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>American English house </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-42" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e2\/Voiced_glottal_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_glottal_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced glottal fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/Voiced_glottal_fricative.ogg/Voiced_glottal_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_glottal_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced glottal fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English ahead, when said quickly. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">ʰ</a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>The extra puff of air in English top [tʰɒp] compared to stop [stɒp], or to French or Spanish [t]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-43" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b2\/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Arabic ‏<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#Arabic" class="extiw" title="wikt:محمد">مُحَمَّد</a>‎ Muḥammad </td> <td>Far down in the throat, like [h], but stronger. </td></tr> <tr> <td><big>[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiceless epiglottal trill">ʜ</a>]</big> </td> <td>Iraqi Arabic حَي [ʜaj] "alive" </td> <td>Corresponds to /ħ/ (ح) in Standard Arabic. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-44" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/32\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA \u0265.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#Y">Y</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-45" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6f\/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#L">L</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="I"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> I </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-46" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/91\/Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close front unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close front unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English sea, French ville, Spanish Valladolid </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-47" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/4c\/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>British, Irish, North American English sit, New Zealand English set </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-48" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/53\/Close_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Close_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close central unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/Close_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Close_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close central unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Russian ты "you" </td> <td>Often used for unstressed English roses. </td></tr> <tr id="J"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> J </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-49" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e8\/Palatal_approximant.ogg\/Palatal_approximant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Palatal approximant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Palatal_approximant.ogg/Palatal_approximant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Palatal_approximant.ogg" title="File:Palatal approximant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English yes, hallelujah, German Junge </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">ʲ</a>] </td> <td>In Russian Ленин [ˈlʲenʲɪn] </td> <td>Indicates a sound is more [j]-like. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">ʝ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-50" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ac\/Voiced_palatal_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_palatal_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced palatal fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Voiced_palatal_fricative.ogg/Voiced_palatal_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_palatal_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced palatal fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Spanish cayo (some dialects) </td> <td>Like [j], but stronger. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-51" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1d\/Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg\/Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced palatal plosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg/Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg" title="File:Voiced palatal plosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole" </td> <td>Between English dew (RP) and argue. Sometimes used instead for [dʒ] in languages like Hindi. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive">ʄ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-52" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2c\/Voiced_palatal_implosive.ogg\/Voiced_palatal_implosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced palatal implosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Voiced_palatal_implosive.ogg/Voiced_palatal_implosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_palatal_implosive.ogg" title="File:Voiced palatal implosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Swahili jambo </td> <td>Like [ɟ] said with a gulp. </td></tr> <tr id="K"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> K </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-53" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e3\/Voiceless_velar_plosive.ogg\/Voiceless_velar_plosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless velar plosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Voiceless_velar_plosive.ogg/Voiceless_velar_plosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_velar_plosive.ogg" title="File:Voiceless velar plosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English kick, skip </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="L"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> L </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-54" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/bc\/Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg\/Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg/Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg" title="File:Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English leaf </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-55" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d3\/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg\/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg" title="File:Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English wool Russian малый [ˈmɑɫɨj] "small" </td> <td>"Dark" el. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">ɬ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-56" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ea\/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] "grey" Zulu hlala [ɬaːla] "sit" </td> <td>By touching the roof of mouth with the tongue and giving a quick breath out. Found in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> placenames like Llangollen and Llanelli and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>'s Xhosa name Rolihlahla. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-57" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d1\/Retroflex_lateral_approximant.ogg\/Retroflex_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Retroflex_lateral_approximant.ogg/Retroflex_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Retroflex_lateral_approximant.ogg" title="File:Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Like [l] with the tongue curled or pulled back. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral flap">ɺ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-58" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c9\/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap.wav\/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced alveolar lateral flap.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap.wav/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap.wav" title="File:Voiced alveolar lateral flap.wav">ⓘ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>A flapped [l], like [l] and [ɾ] said together. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-59" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6f\/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Zulu dla "eat" </td> <td>Rather like [l] and [ʒ], or [l] and [ð], said together. </td></tr> <tr> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-60" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d3\/Velar_lateral_approximant.ogg\/Velar_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Velar lateral approximant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Velar_lateral_approximant.ogg/Velar_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Velar_lateral_approximant.ogg" title="File:Velar lateral approximant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="M"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> M </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-61" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a9\/Bilabial_nasal.ogg\/Bilabial_nasal.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Bilabial nasal.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Bilabial_nasal.ogg/Bilabial_nasal.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Bilabial_nasal.ogg" title="File:Bilabial nasal.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English mime </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-62" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/18\/Labiodental_nasal.ogg\/Labiodental_nasal.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Labiodental nasal.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Labiodental_nasal.ogg/Labiodental_nasal.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Labiodental_nasal.ogg" title="File:Labiodental nasal.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English symphony </td> <td>Like [m], but the lips touch the teeth as they do in [f]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-63" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e8\/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close back unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close back unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#W">W</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">ʍ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-64" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a7\/Voiceless_labio-velar_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_labio-velar_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/Voiceless_labio-velar_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_labio-velar_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_labio-velar_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#W">W</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="N"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> N </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-65" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/29\/Alveolar_nasal.ogg\/Alveolar_nasal.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Alveolar nasal.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Alveolar_nasal.ogg/Alveolar_nasal.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Alveolar_nasal.ogg" title="File:Alveolar nasal.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English nun </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-66" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/39\/Velar_nasal.ogg\/Velar_nasal.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Velar nasal.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/Velar_nasal.ogg/Velar_nasal.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Velar_nasal.ogg" title="File:Velar nasal.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English sing, Māori nga </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-67" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/46\/Palatal_nasal.ogg\/Palatal_nasal.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Palatal nasal.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/Palatal_nasal.ogg/Palatal_nasal.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Palatal_nasal.ogg" title="File:Palatal nasal.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Spanish Peña, French champagne </td> <td>Rather like English canyon (/nj/ said quickly). </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-68" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/af\/Retroflex_nasal.ogg\/Retroflex_nasal.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Retroflex nasal.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Retroflex_nasal.ogg/Retroflex_nasal.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Retroflex_nasal.ogg" title="File:Retroflex nasal.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ] Varuna </td> <td>Like [n] with the tongue curled or pulled back. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-69" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3e\/Uvular_nasal.ogg\/Uvular_nasal.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Uvular nasal.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/Uvular_nasal.ogg/Uvular_nasal.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Uvular_nasal.ogg" title="File:Uvular nasal.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan] </td> <td>Like [ŋ], but further back, in the throat. </td></tr> <tr id="O"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> O </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-70" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/84\/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg\/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Modern RP, Australian and New Zealand English caught (long) Spanish no, French eau, German Boden </td> <td>Somewhat reminiscent of American English no. The RP vowel is usually transcribed with ⟨ɔː⟩ for historical reasons. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-71" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d0\/PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg\/PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg/PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Modern RP, Australian and New Zealand English cot German Oldenburg, French Garonne </td> <td>The RP vowel is usually transcribed with ⟨ɒ⟩ for historical reasons. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ɔ̃</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-72" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/38\/Fr-on.ogg\/Fr-on.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-on.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Fr-on.ogg/Fr-on.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-on.ogg" title="File:Fr-on.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>French Lyon, son </td> <td>Nasalized [ɔ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-73" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/53\/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel.ogg\/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel.ogg/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>New Zealand English nurse, French feu, bœufs, German Goethe </td> <td>Like [e], but with the lips rounded like [o]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-74" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b5\/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel.ogg\/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel.ogg/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Modern RP foot, Dutch hut, French je, Swedish dum </td> <td>Halfway between [o] and [ø]. Similar to [ʊ] but with the tongue slightly more down and front. The RP vowel is typically transcribed with ⟨ʊ⟩, the Dutch vowel is often transcribed with ⟨ʏ⟩ or ⟨œ⟩, whereas the French vowel is typically transcribed with ⟨ə⟩. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">œ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-75" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9f\/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_%282%29.ogg\/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_%282%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_%282%29.ogg/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_%282%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_(2).ogg" title="File:Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen </td> <td>Like [ɛ], but with the lips rounded like [ɔ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">œ̃</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-76" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3a\/Fr-un-fr_BE.ogg\/Fr-un-fr_BE.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-un-fr BE.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/Fr-un-fr_BE.ogg/Fr-un-fr_BE.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-un-fr_BE.ogg" title="File:Fr-un-fr BE.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>French brun, parfum </td> <td>Nasalized [œ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">ɶ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-77" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c1\/Open_front_rounded_vowel.ogg\/Open_front_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Open front rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Open_front_rounded_vowel.ogg/Open_front_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Open_front_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Open front rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-78" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/80\/Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless dental fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless dental fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#Others">Others</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-79" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/41\/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_bilabial_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#Others">Others</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="P"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> P </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-80" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/51\/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive.ogg\/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive.ogg/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_bilabial_plosive.ogg" title="File:Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English pip </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Q"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> Q </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-81" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/19\/Voiceless_uvular_plosive.ogg\/Voiceless_uvular_plosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/Voiceless_uvular_plosive.ogg/Voiceless_uvular_plosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_uvular_plosive.ogg" title="File:Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Arabic ‏<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86#Arabic" class="extiw" title="wikt:قرآن">قُرْآن</a>‎ Qur’ān </td> <td>Like [k], but further back, in the throat. </td></tr> <tr id="R"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> R </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-82" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/ce\/Alveolar_trill.ogg\/Alveolar_trill.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Alveolar trill.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Alveolar_trill.ogg/Alveolar_trill.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Alveolar_trill.ogg" title="File:Alveolar trill.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Spanish perro, Scottish English borrow </td> <td>"Rolled R". (Often used for other rhotics, such as English [ɹ], when there's no ambiguity.) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-83" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a0\/Alveolar_tap.ogg\/Alveolar_tap.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Alveolar tap.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/Alveolar_tap.ogg/Alveolar_tap.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Alveolar_tap.ogg" title="File:Alveolar tap.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie </td> <td>"Tapped" R". </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">ʀ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-84" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cb\/Uvular_trill.ogg\/Uvular_trill.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Uvular trill.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Uvular_trill.ogg/Uvular_trill.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Uvular_trill.ogg" title="File:Uvular trill.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Dutch rood and German rot (some speakers) </td> <td>A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-85" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/87\/Retroflex_flap.ogg\/Retroflex_flap.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Retroflex flap.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Retroflex_flap.ogg/Retroflex_flap.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Retroflex_flap.ogg" title="File:Retroflex flap.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> ساڑی [saːɽiː] "saree" </td> <td>Like flapped [ɾ], but with the tongue curled back. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-86" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1f\/Alveolar_approximant.ogg\/Alveolar_approximant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Alveolar approximant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/Alveolar_approximant.ogg/Alveolar_approximant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Alveolar_approximant.ogg" title="File:Alveolar approximant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>most accents of English borrow </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-87" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/bf\/Retroflex_Approximant2.oga\/Retroflex_Approximant2.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Retroflex Approximant2.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Retroflex_Approximant2.oga/Retroflex_Approximant2.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Retroflex_Approximant2.oga" title="File:Retroflex Approximant2.oga">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Tamil புழு Puḻu "Worm", Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", American English borrow, butter </td> <td>Like [ɹ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-88" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/af\/Voiced_uvular_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_uvular_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced uvular fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Voiced_uvular_fricative.ogg/Voiced_uvular_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_uvular_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced uvular fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>French Paris, German Riemann (some dialects) </td> <td>Said back in the throat, but not trilled. </td></tr> <tr id="S"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> S </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-89" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ac\/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg\/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English sass </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-90" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cc\/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg\/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English shoe </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-91" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b1\/Voiceless_retroflex_sibilant.ogg\/Voiceless_retroflex_sibilant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Voiceless_retroflex_sibilant.ogg/Voiceless_retroflex_sibilant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_retroflex_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Mandarin 少林 (Shàolín), Russian Пушкин (Pushkin) </td> <td>Acoustically similar to [ʃ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back. </td></tr> <tr id="T"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> T </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-92" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/02\/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.ogg\/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.ogg/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.ogg" title="File:Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English tot, stop </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-93" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b0\/Voiceless_retroflex_stop.oga\/Voiceless_retroflex_stop.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless retroflex stop.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Voiceless_retroflex_stop.oga/Voiceless_retroflex_stop.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_retroflex_stop.oga" title="File:Voiceless retroflex stop.oga">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Hindi टमाटर [ʈəmaːʈəɾ] (ṭamāṭar) "tomato" </td> <td>Like [t], but with the tongue curled or pulled back. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-94" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9d\/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga\/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga" title="File:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English cats, Russian царь tsar </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-95" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/97\/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg\/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg" title="File:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English church </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-96" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c4\/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate.ogg\/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate.ogg/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate.ogg" title="File:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Mandarin 北京 Běijīng (<span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-97" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8a\/Zh-Beijing.ogg\/Zh-Beijing.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Beijing.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Zh-Beijing.ogg/Zh-Beijing.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">listen</a><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Beijing.ogg" title="File:Zh-Beijing.ogg">ⓘ</a>), Polish ciebie "you" </td> <td>Like [tʃ], but with more of a [j]-sound. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">tʂ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-98" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e9\/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate.ogg\/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate.ogg/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_retroflex_affricate.ogg" title="File:Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Mandarin 真正 zhēnzhèng, Polish czas </td> <td>Like [tʃ] with the tongue curled or pulled back. </td></tr> <tr id="U"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> U </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-99" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5d\/Close_back_rounded_vowel.ogg\/Close_back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close back rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Close_back_rounded_vowel.ogg/Close_back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close_back_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close back rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>American English food, French vous "you", German Schumacher </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-100" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d5\/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel.ogg\/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel.ogg/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>American English foot, German Bundesrepublik </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-101" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/66\/Close_central_rounded_vowel.ogg\/Close_central_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close central rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/Close_central_rounded_vowel.ogg/Close_central_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close_central_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close central rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Modern RP, Australian English food (long) </td> <td>Like [ɨ], but with the lips rounded as for [u]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-102" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/32\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA \u0265.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#Y">Y</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-103" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e8\/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close back unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close back unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#W">W</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="V"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> V </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-104" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/42\/Voiced_labio-dental_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_labio-dental_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced labio-dental fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Voiced_labio-dental_fricative.ogg/Voiced_labio-dental_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_labio-dental_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced labio-dental fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English verve </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-105" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ee\/Labiodental_approximant.ogg\/Labiodental_approximant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Labiodental approximant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Labiodental_approximant.ogg/Labiodental_approximant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Labiodental_approximant.ogg" title="File:Labiodental approximant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Hindi वरुण [ʋəɾʊɳə] "Varuna" </td> <td>Between [v] and [w]. Used by some Germans and Russians for v/w, and by some speakers of British English for r. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-106" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/26\/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#Y">Y</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-107" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/47\/Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced velar fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg/Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced velar fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#Y">Y</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-108" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/80\/PR-open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel2.ogg\/PR-open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/PR-open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel2.ogg/PR-open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:PR-open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel2.ogg" title="File:PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#A">A</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="W"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> W </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-109" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f2\/Voiced_labio-velar_approximant.ogg\/Voiced_labio-velar_approximant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/Voiced_labio-velar_approximant.ogg/Voiced_labio-velar_approximant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_labio-velar_approximant.ogg" title="File:Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English wow </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">ʷ</a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>Indicates a sound has lip rounding, as in English rain </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">ʍ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-110" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a7\/Voiceless_labio-velar_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_labio-velar_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/Voiceless_labio-velar_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_labio-velar_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_labio-velar_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>what (some dialects) </td> <td>like [h] and [w] said together </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-111" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e8\/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close back unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close back unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Turkish kayık "caïque", <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> gaol </td> <td>Like [u], but with the lips flat; something like [ʊ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-112" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5c\/Voiced_velar_approximant.ogg\/Voiced_velar_approximant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced velar approximant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/Voiced_velar_approximant.ogg/Voiced_velar_approximant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_approximant.ogg" title="File:Voiced velar approximant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Spanish agua </td> <td>Like [w], but with the lips flat. </td></tr> <tr id="X"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> X </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-113" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0f\/Voiceless_velar_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_velar_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless velar fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Voiceless_velar_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_velar_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_velar_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless velar fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хлеб [xlʲep] "bread", Spanish joven </td> <td>between [k] and [h] </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-114" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c8\/Voiceless_uvular_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_uvular_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Voiceless_uvular_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_uvular_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_uvular_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_phonology" title="Dutch phonology">northern Standard Dutch</a> Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan] </td> <td>Like [x], but further back, in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have [χ] for [x]. </td></tr> <tr id="Y"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> Y </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-115" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ea\/Close_front_rounded_vowel.ogg\/Close_front_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close front rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Close_front_rounded_vowel.ogg/Close_front_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close_front_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close front rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>French rue, German Bülow </td> <td>Like [i], but with the lips rounded as for [u]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-116" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e3\/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel.ogg\/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel.ogg/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Scottish English foot, German Düsseldorf </td> <td>Like [ɪ], but with the lips rounded as for [ʊ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-117" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/47\/Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced velar fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg/Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced velar fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Arabic ‏<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A#Arabic" class="extiw" title="wikt:غالي">غَالِي</a>‎ ghālī and Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro </td> <td>Sounds rather like French [ʁ] or between [ɡ] and [h]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-118" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/26\/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg\/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg" title="File:Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Mandarin 河南 Hénán, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> taigh </td> <td>Like [o] but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of [ʊ] and [ʌ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-119" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d9\/Palatal_lateral_approximant.ogg\/Palatal_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Palatal lateral approximant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Palatal_lateral_approximant.ogg/Palatal_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Palatal_lateral_approximant.ogg" title="File:Palatal lateral approximant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Italian tagliatelle, Portuguese mulher </td> <td>Like [l], but more [j]-like. Rather like English volume. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-120" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/32\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA \u0265.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA_%C9%A5.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>French lui </td> <td>Like [j] and [w] said together. </td></tr> <tr id="Z"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> Z </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-121" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c0\/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg\/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English zoo </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-122" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/30\/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg\/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English vision, French journal </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-123" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/15\/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg\/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>old-styled Russian позже [ˈpoʑːe] "later", Polish źle </td> <td>More [j]-like than [ʒ], something like beigey. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-124" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7f\/Voiced_retroflex_sibilant.ogg\/Voiced_retroflex_sibilant.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/Voiced_retroflex_sibilant.ogg/Voiced_retroflex_sibilant.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_retroflex_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Russian жир "fat" </td> <td>Like [ʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-125" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6f\/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>see under <a href="#L">L</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Others"> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"><a href="#top">^ top</a></div> Others </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-126" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/80\/Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless dental fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless dental fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English thigh, bath </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-127" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/41\/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative.ogg\/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_bilabial_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Japanese 富士 [ɸɯdʑi] Fuji, Māori [ˌɸaːɾeːˈnuiː] wharenui </td> <td>Like [p], but with the lips not quite touching </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-128" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/4d\/Glottal_stop.ogg\/Glottal_stop.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Glottal stop.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/Glottal_stop.ogg/Glottal_stop.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Glottal_stop.ogg" title="File:Glottal stop.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German die Angst </td> <td>The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found in button [ˈbʌʔn̩], or between vowels across words: Deus ex machina [ˌdeɪəsˌʔɛksˈmɑːkɪnə]; in some nonstandard dialects, in a apple [əˈʔæpl̩]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-129" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cd\/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg\/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Arabic ‏<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A#Arabic" class="extiw" title="wikt:عربي">عَرَبِيّ</a>‎ ʻarabī / ʕarabī "Arabic" </td> <td>A light, voiced sound deep in the throat, articulated with the root of the tongue against the pharynx (back of the throat). </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Tenuis_dental_click" title="Tenuis dental click">ǀ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-130" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1f\/Dental_click.ogg\/Dental_click.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Dental click.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/Dental_click.ogg/Dental_click.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Dental_click.ogg" title="File:Dental click.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring" </td> <td>(The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [kǀ], [ɡǀ], [ŋǀ]. The Zimbabwean MP <a href="/wiki/Welshman_Ncube" title="Welshman Ncube">Ncube</a> has this click in his name, as did <a href="/wiki/Cetshwayo_kaMpande" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetshwayo kaMpande">Cetshwayo</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenuis alveolar lateral click">ǁ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-131" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f4\/Alveolar_lateral_click.ogg\/Alveolar_lateral_click.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Alveolar lateral click.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/Alveolar_lateral_click.ogg/Alveolar_lateral_click.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Alveolar_lateral_click.ogg" title="File:Alveolar lateral click.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog" </td> <td>(The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [kǁ], [ɡǁ], [ŋǁ]. Found in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_people" title="Xhosa people">Xhosa</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_click" title="Tenuis alveolar click">ǃ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-132" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3c\/Postalveolar_click.ogg\/Postalveolar_click.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Postalveolar click.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Postalveolar_click.ogg/Postalveolar_click.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Postalveolar_click.ogg" title="File:Postalveolar click.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Zulu iqaqa "polecat" </td> <td>(The English click used to imitate the trotting of a horse.) A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [kǃ], [ɡǃ], [ŋǃ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Tenuis_bilabial_click" title="Tenuis bilabial click">ʘ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-133" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2b\/Clic_bilabial_sourd.ogg\/Clic_bilabial_sourd.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Clic bilabial sourd.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Clic_bilabial_sourd.ogg/Clic_bilabial_sourd.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Clic_bilabial_sourd.ogg" title="File:Clic bilabial sourd.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>ǂ’Amkoe ʘoa "two" </td> <td>Like a kissing sound. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="font-size: 120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Tenuis_palatal_click" title="Tenuis palatal click">ǂ</a>] <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-134" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/89\/Palatoalveolar_click.ogg\/Palatoalveolar_click.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Palatoalveolar click.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Palatoalveolar_click.ogg/Palatoalveolar_click.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Palatoalveolar_click.ogg" title="File:Palatoalveolar click.ogg">ⓘ</a> </td> <td>Khoekhoe ǂgā-amǃnâ [ǂàʔám̀ᵑǃã̀] "to put in the mouth" </td> <td>Like an imitation of a chewing sound. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Marks_added_to_letters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Marks_added_to_letters">Marks added to letters</h2></div> Several marks can be added above, below, before or after letters. These are here shown on a carrier letter such as the vowel a. A more complete list is given at <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Diacritics_and_prosodic_notation" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet § Diacritics and prosodic notation</a>. <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol</th> <th>Example</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"></div> Signs above a letter </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">[ã]</a> </td> <td>French vin blanc [vɛ̃ blɑ̃] "white wine" </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasal</a> vowel, as with a Texas twang </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">[ä]</a> </td> <td>Portuguese vá [vä] "go" </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">central vowel</a> pronounced with the tongue position in the middle of the mouth; neither forward nor back </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Extra-shortness" title="Extra-shortness">[ă]</a> </td> <td>English police [pə̆ˈliˑs] </td> <td>An <a href="/wiki/Extra-short" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra-short">extra-short</a> speech sound (usually a vowel) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"></div> Signs below a letter </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">[a̯]</a> </td> <td>English cow [kʰaʊ̯], koi [kʰɔɪ̯] </td> <td>This vowel does not form a syllable of its own, but runs into the vowel next to it. (In English, the diacritic is generally left off: [kaʊ].) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">[n̥]</a> </td> <td>English boy [b̥ɔɪ̯], doe [d̥oʊ̯] (<a href="/wiki/Fortis_and_lenis#Characteristics" title="Fortis and lenis">see also</a>) </td> <td>Sounds like a loud whisper; [n̥] is like a whispered breath through the nose. [l̥] is found in Tibetan Lhasa. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Syllabic_consonant" title="Syllabic consonant">[n̩]</a> </td> <td>English button </td> <td>A consonant without a vowel (English [n̩] is often transcribed /ən/.) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">[d̪]</a> </td> <td>Spanish dos, French deux </td> <td>The tongue touches the teeth more than it does in English. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><div style="font-weight: normal; float: right;"></div> Signs next to a letter </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">[kʰ]</a> </td> <td>English come </td> <td>Aspirated consonant, pronounced with a puff of air. Similarly [tʰ pʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tɕʰ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">[k’]</a> </td> <td>Zulu ukuza "come" </td> <td>Ejective. Like a popped [k], pushed from the throat. Similarly [tʼ pʼ qʼ tʃʼ tsʼ tɬʼ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">[aː]</a> </td> <td>English shh! [ʃː] </td> <td>Long. Often used with English vowels or diphthongs: Mayo /ˈmeːoː/ for [ˈmeɪ̯ɜʊ̯], etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">[aˑ]</a> </td> <td>RP caught [ˈkʰoˑt] </td> <td>Semi-long. (Although the vowel is different, this is also longer than cot [ˈkʰɔt].) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">[ˈa]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">pronunciation [pɹ̥əʊ̯ˌnɐnsiˈeɪʃn̩] </td> <td>Main stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_stress" title="Secondary stress">[ˌa]</a> </td> <td>Weaker stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">[.]</a> </td> <td>English courtship [ˈkʰɔrt.ʃɪp] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">Syllable</a> break (this is often redundant and therefore left off) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Brackets" data-mw-thread-id="h-Brackets">Brackets</h2></div> Two types of brackets are commonly used to enclose transcriptions in the IPA: <ul><li>/Slashes/ indicate sounds that are distinguished as the basic units of words in a language by native speakers; these are called <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemes</a>. Changing the symbols between these slashes would either change the identity of the word or produce nonsense. For example, since there is no meaningful difference to a native speaker between the two sounds written with the letter L in the word lulls, they are considered the same phoneme, and so, using slashes, they are given the same symbol in IPA: /ˈlʌlz/. Similarly, Spanish la bamba is transcribed phonemically with two instances of the same b sound, /la ˈbamba/, despite the fact that they sound different to a speaker of English. Thus a reader who is not familiar with the language in question might not know how to interpret these transcriptions more narrowly.</li> <li>[Square brackets] indicate the narrower or more detailed <a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">phonetic</a> qualities of a pronunciation, not taking into account the norms of the language to which it belongs; therefore, such transcriptions do not regard whether subtly different sounds in the pronunciation are actually noticeable or distinguishable to a native speaker of the language. Within square brackets is what a foreigner who does not know the structure of a language might hear as discrete units of sound. For instance, the English word lulls may be pronounced in a particular dialect more specifically as [ˈlɐɫz], with different L sounds at the beginning and end. This may be obvious to speakers of languages that differentiate between the sounds [l] and [ɫ]. Likewise, Spanish la bamba (pronounced without a pause) has two different B sounds to the ears of foreigners or linguists—[la ˈβamba]—though a native Spanish speaker might not be able to hear it. Omitting or adding such detail does not make a difference to the identity of the word, but helps to give a more precise pronunciation.</li> <li>⫽Double slashes⫽ indicate <a href="/wiki/Diaphoneme" title="Diaphoneme">diaphonemes</a>. For example, some speakers pronounce dune as /djuːn/ with a distinct /j/, others /duːn/ as if spelled doon, and even others /dʒuːn/ like June. This is predictable where the historical pronunciation is /dj/ preceded by /uː/—the second group of speakers invariably drop the /j/, and the third group invariably turn it into /dʒ/—and it can be cumbersome to write down all three possibilities every time such a sequence is found. So the diaphonemic notation ⫽dj⫽ serves as a shorthand for "/dj/ for traditional speakers, /d/ for those who drop /j/ between historical /d/ and /uː/, and /dʒ/ for those who turn it into /dʒ/ in such a context".</li></ul> A fourth kind of bracket is occasionally seen: <ul><li>|Pipes| (or occasionally other conventions) show that the enclosed sounds are theoretical constructs that are not actually heard. (This is part of <a href="/wiki/Morphophonology" title="Morphophonology">morphophonology</a>.) For instance, most phonologists argue that the -s at the ends of verbs, which surfaces as either /s/ in talks /tɔːks/ or as /z/ in lulls /lʌlz/, has a single underlying form. If they decide this form is an s, they would write it |s| to claim that phonemic /tɔːks/ and /lʌlz/ are essentially |tɔːks| and |lʌls| underneath. If they were to decide it was essentially the latter, |z|, they would transcribe these words |tɔːkz| and |lʌlz|.</li></ul> Lastly, <ul><li>⟨Angle brackets⟩ are used to set off <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> from non-Latin scripts. Thus ⟨lulls⟩, ⟨la bamba⟩, the letter ⟨a⟩. Angle brackets are not supported by all fonts, so a template {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Angle_bracket" title="Template:Angle bracket">angle bracket</a>}} (shortcut {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Angbr" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Angbr">angbr</a>}}) is used to ensure maximal compatibility. (Comment there if you are having problems.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Rendering_issues" data-mw-thread-id="h-Rendering_issues">Rendering issues</h2></div> IPA <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typeface</a> support is increasing, and is now included in several typefaces such as the <a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times New Roman</a> versions that come with various recent computer <a href="/wiki/Operating_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating systems">operating systems</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a> are not always properly rendered, however. IPA typefaces that are freely available online include <a href="/wiki/Gentium" title="Gentium">Gentium</a>, several from the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Institute_of_Linguistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Institute of Linguistics">SIL</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Charis_SIL" title="Charis SIL">Charis SIL</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Doulos_SIL" title="Doulos SIL">Doulos SIL</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehuti (page does not exist)">Dehuti</a>, <a href="/wiki/DejaVu_fonts" title="DejaVu fonts">DejaVu Sans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bitstream_Cyberbit" title="Bitstream Cyberbit">TITUS Cyberbit</a>, which are all <a href="/wiki/Free_software_Unicode_typefaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Free software Unicode typefaces">freely available</a>; as well as commercial typefaces such as Brill, available from <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lucida_Sans_Unicode" title="Lucida Sans Unicode">Lucida Sans Unicode</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arial_Unicode_MS" title="Arial Unicode MS">Arial Unicode MS</a>, shipping with various <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> products. These all include several ranges of characters in addition to the IPA. Modern <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browsers</a> generally do not need any configuration to display these symbols, provided that a typeface capable of doing so is available to the operating system. Particularly, the following symbols may be shown improperly depending on your font: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol </th> <th>IPA/Unicode values </th> <th>Correct </th> <th>Incorrect </th> <th>Affected fonts </th> <th>Test </th> <th style="width: 8em;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">ɧ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">Sj-sound</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>U+0267 ɧ LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG WITH HOOK </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sj_sound_(vector).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sj_sound_%28vector%29.svg/40px-Sj_sound_%28vector%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sj_sound_%28vector%29.svg/60px-Sj_sound_%28vector%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sj_sound_%28vector%29.svg/80px-Sj_sound_%28vector%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"/></a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_small_letter_h_with_hook_and_tail.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latin_small_letter_h_with_hook_and_tail.svg/29px-Latin_small_letter_h_with_hook_and_tail.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latin_small_letter_h_with_hook_and_tail.svg/43px-Latin_small_letter_h_with_hook_and_tail.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latin_small_letter_h_with_hook_and_tail.svg/58px-Latin_small_letter_h_with_hook_and_tail.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="190"/></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a> on Apple devices </td> <td> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0); font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align: left;"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 115%; color: var(--color-base, #202122);">Test</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border: solid 1px var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); padding: 8px; background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color: var(--color-base, #202122);"> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arial" title="Arial">Arial</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calibri" title="Calibri">Calibri</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambria_(typeface)" title="Cambria (typeface)">Cambria</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charis_SIL" title="Charis SIL">Charis SIL</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_New" class="mw-redirect" title="Courier New">Courier New</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DejaVu_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doulos_SIL" title="Doulos SIL">Doulos SIL</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futura_(typeface)" title="Futura (typeface)">Futura</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garamond" title="Garamond">Garamond</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentium" title="Gentium">Gentium</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(typeface)" title="Georgia (typeface)">Georgia</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Sans" title="Gill Sans">Gill Sans</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lato_(typeface)" title="Lato (typeface)">Lato</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Sans">Liberation Sans</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Libertine" title="Linux Libertine">Linux Libertine</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Grande" title="Lucida Grande">Lucida Grande</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Sans_Unicode" title="Lucida Sans Unicode">Lucida Sans Unicode</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Noto Sans">Noto Sans</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sans" title="Open Sans">Open Sans</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino">Palatino</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboto" title="Roboto">Roboto</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segoe_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Segoe UI">Segoe UI</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahoma_(typeface)" title="Tahoma (typeface)">Tahoma</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times New Roman</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet_MS" title="Trebuchet MS">Trebuchet MS</a>: ɧ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdana" title="Verdana">Verdana</a>: ɧ</li> <li>(System): ɧ</li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">ɪ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">Near-close near-front unrounded vowel</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+026A ɪ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Highway_gothic_font_letter_small_capital_i.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Highway_gothic_font_letter_small_capital_i.png/21px-Highway_gothic_font_letter_small_capital_i.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Highway_gothic_font_letter_small_capital_i.png/31px-Highway_gothic_font_letter_small_capital_i.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Highway_gothic_font_letter_small_capital_i.png/41px-Highway_gothic_font_letter_small_capital_i.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1153"/></a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Highway_gothic_font_dotless_i_letter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Highway_gothic_font_dotless_i_letter.png/21px-Highway_gothic_font_dotless_i_letter.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Highway_gothic_font_dotless_i_letter.png/31px-Highway_gothic_font_dotless_i_letter.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Highway_gothic_font_dotless_i_letter.png/41px-Highway_gothic_font_dotless_i_letter.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1153"/></a> </td> <td>Some sans-serif fonts </td> <td> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0); font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align: left;"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 115%; color: var(--color-base, #202122);">Test</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border: solid 1px var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); padding: 8px; background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color: var(--color-base, #202122);"> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arial" title="Arial">Arial</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calibri" title="Calibri">Calibri</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambria_(typeface)" title="Cambria (typeface)">Cambria</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charis_SIL" title="Charis SIL">Charis SIL</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_New" class="mw-redirect" title="Courier New">Courier New</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DejaVu_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doulos_SIL" title="Doulos SIL">Doulos SIL</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futura_(typeface)" title="Futura (typeface)">Futura</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garamond" title="Garamond">Garamond</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentium" title="Gentium">Gentium</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(typeface)" title="Georgia (typeface)">Georgia</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Sans" title="Gill Sans">Gill Sans</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lato_(typeface)" title="Lato (typeface)">Lato</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Sans">Liberation Sans</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Libertine" title="Linux Libertine">Linux Libertine</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Grande" title="Lucida Grande">Lucida Grande</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Sans_Unicode" title="Lucida Sans Unicode">Lucida Sans Unicode</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Noto Sans">Noto Sans</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sans" title="Open Sans">Open Sans</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino">Palatino</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboto" title="Roboto">Roboto</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segoe_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Segoe UI">Segoe UI</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahoma_(typeface)" title="Tahoma (typeface)">Tahoma</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times New Roman</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet_MS" title="Trebuchet MS">Trebuchet MS</a>: ɪ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdana" title="Verdana">Verdana</a>: ɪ</li> <li>(System): ɪ</li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Largely fixed since <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0250.pdf">explicitly proscribed</a> in Unicode 10.0 (2017). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">ɶ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">Open front rounded vowel</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+0276 ɶ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OE </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_front_rounded_vowel_(vector).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Open_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/40px-Open_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Open_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/60px-Open_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Open_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/80px-Open_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"/></a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_(vector).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="œ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/40px-Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/60px-Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/80px-Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"/></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a> on Apple devices </td> <td> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0); font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align: left;"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 115%; color: var(--color-base, #202122);">Test</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border: solid 1px var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); padding: 8px; background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color: var(--color-base, #202122);"> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arial" title="Arial">Arial</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calibri" title="Calibri">Calibri</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambria_(typeface)" title="Cambria (typeface)">Cambria</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charis_SIL" title="Charis SIL">Charis SIL</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_New" class="mw-redirect" title="Courier New">Courier New</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DejaVu_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doulos_SIL" title="Doulos SIL">Doulos SIL</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futura_(typeface)" title="Futura (typeface)">Futura</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garamond" title="Garamond">Garamond</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentium" title="Gentium">Gentium</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(typeface)" title="Georgia (typeface)">Georgia</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Sans" title="Gill Sans">Gill Sans</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lato_(typeface)" title="Lato (typeface)">Lato</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Sans">Liberation Sans</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Libertine" title="Linux Libertine">Linux Libertine</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Grande" title="Lucida Grande">Lucida Grande</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Sans_Unicode" title="Lucida Sans Unicode">Lucida Sans Unicode</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Noto Sans">Noto Sans</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sans" title="Open Sans">Open Sans</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino">Palatino</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboto" title="Roboto">Roboto</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segoe_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Segoe UI">Segoe UI</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahoma_(typeface)" title="Tahoma (typeface)">Tahoma</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times New Roman</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet_MS" title="Trebuchet MS">Trebuchet MS</a>: ɶ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdana" title="Verdana">Verdana</a>: ɶ</li> <li>(System): ɶ</li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://discussions.apple.com/thread/2052346">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">ʁ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">Voiced uvular fricative</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+0281 ʁ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg/60px-IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg/80px-IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x1D1A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ᴚ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/IPA_Unicode_0x1D1A.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x1D1A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/IPA_Unicode_0x1D1A.svg/60px-IPA_Unicode_0x1D1A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/IPA_Unicode_0x1D1A.svg/80px-IPA_Unicode_0x1D1A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_(sans-serif_typeface)" title="San Francisco (sans-serif typeface)">San Francisco</a> </td> <td> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0); font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align: left;"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 115%; color: var(--color-base, #202122);">Test</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border: solid 1px var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); padding: 8px; background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color: var(--color-base, #202122);"> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arial" title="Arial">Arial</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calibri" title="Calibri">Calibri</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambria_(typeface)" title="Cambria (typeface)">Cambria</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charis_SIL" title="Charis SIL">Charis SIL</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_New" class="mw-redirect" title="Courier New">Courier New</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DejaVu_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doulos_SIL" title="Doulos SIL">Doulos SIL</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futura_(typeface)" title="Futura (typeface)">Futura</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garamond" title="Garamond">Garamond</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentium" title="Gentium">Gentium</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(typeface)" title="Georgia (typeface)">Georgia</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Sans" title="Gill Sans">Gill Sans</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lato_(typeface)" title="Lato (typeface)">Lato</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Sans">Liberation Sans</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Libertine" title="Linux Libertine">Linux Libertine</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Grande" title="Lucida Grande">Lucida Grande</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Sans_Unicode" title="Lucida Sans Unicode">Lucida Sans Unicode</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Noto Sans">Noto Sans</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sans" title="Open Sans">Open Sans</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino">Palatino</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboto" title="Roboto">Roboto</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segoe_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Segoe UI">Segoe UI</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahoma_(typeface)" title="Tahoma (typeface)">Tahoma</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times New Roman</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet_MS" title="Trebuchet MS">Trebuchet MS</a>: ʁ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdana" title="Verdana">Verdana</a>: ʁ</li> <li>(System): ʁ</li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">χ </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">Voiceless uvular fricative</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+03C7 χ GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_lc_chi_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Greek_lc_chi_icon.svg/14px-Greek_lc_chi_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Greek_lc_chi_icon.svg/21px-Greek_lc_chi_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Greek_lc_chi_icon.svg/27px-Greek_lc_chi_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="100"/></a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg/60px-IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg/80px-IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roboto" title="Roboto">Roboto</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0); font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align: left;"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 115%; color: var(--color-base, #202122);">Test</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border: solid 1px var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); padding: 8px; background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color: var(--color-base, #202122);"> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arial" title="Arial">Arial</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calibri" title="Calibri">Calibri</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambria_(typeface)" title="Cambria (typeface)">Cambria</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charis_SIL" title="Charis SIL">Charis SIL</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_New" class="mw-redirect" title="Courier New">Courier New</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DejaVu_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doulos_SIL" title="Doulos SIL">Doulos SIL</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futura_(typeface)" title="Futura (typeface)">Futura</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garamond" title="Garamond">Garamond</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentium" title="Gentium">Gentium</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(typeface)" title="Georgia (typeface)">Georgia</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Sans" title="Gill Sans">Gill Sans</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lato_(typeface)" title="Lato (typeface)">Lato</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Sans">Liberation Sans</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Libertine" title="Linux Libertine">Linux Libertine</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Grande" title="Lucida Grande">Lucida Grande</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Sans_Unicode" title="Lucida Sans Unicode">Lucida Sans Unicode</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Noto Sans">Noto Sans</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sans" title="Open Sans">Open Sans</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino">Palatino</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboto" title="Roboto">Roboto</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segoe_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Segoe UI">Segoe UI</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahoma_(typeface)" title="Tahoma (typeface)">Tahoma</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times New Roman</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet_MS" title="Trebuchet MS">Trebuchet MS</a>: χ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdana" title="Verdana">Verdana</a>: χ</li> <li>(System): χ</li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/googlefonts/roboto/issues/18">Fixed</a> in 2017. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet_MS" title="Trebuchet MS">Trebuchet MS</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">ˈ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primary_stress" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary stress">Primary stress</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+02C8 ˈ MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><div style="position: relative; width: 60px; height: 40px; margin: auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ˈ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg/60px-IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg/80px-IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0x25CC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="◌" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/40px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/60px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/80px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x030D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="◌̍" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/IPA_Unicode_0x030D.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x030D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/IPA_Unicode_0x030D.svg/60px-IPA_Unicode_0x030D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/IPA_Unicode_0x030D.svg/80px-IPA_Unicode_0x030D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Tahoma_(typeface)" title="Tahoma (typeface)">Tahoma</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0); font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align: left;"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 115%; color: var(--color-base, #202122);">Test</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border: solid 1px var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); padding: 8px; background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color: var(--color-base, #202122);"> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arial" title="Arial">Arial</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calibri" title="Calibri">Calibri</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambria_(typeface)" title="Cambria (typeface)">Cambria</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charis_SIL" title="Charis SIL">Charis SIL</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_New" class="mw-redirect" title="Courier New">Courier New</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DejaVu_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="DejaVu Sans">DejaVu Sans</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doulos_SIL" title="Doulos SIL">Doulos SIL</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futura_(typeface)" title="Futura (typeface)">Futura</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garamond" title="Garamond">Garamond</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentium" title="Gentium">Gentium</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(typeface)" title="Georgia (typeface)">Georgia</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Sans" title="Gill Sans">Gill Sans</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lato_(typeface)" title="Lato (typeface)">Lato</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Sans">Liberation Sans</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Libertine" title="Linux Libertine">Linux Libertine</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Grande" title="Lucida Grande">Lucida Grande</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Sans_Unicode" title="Lucida Sans Unicode">Lucida Sans Unicode</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Noto Sans">Noto Sans</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sans" title="Open Sans">Open Sans</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino">Palatino</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboto" title="Roboto">Roboto</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segoe_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Segoe UI">Segoe UI</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahoma_(typeface)" title="Tahoma (typeface)">Tahoma</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times New Roman</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet_MS" title="Trebuchet MS">Trebuchet MS</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdana" title="Verdana">Verdana</a>: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li> <li>(System): ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌</li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td rowspan="4">The length marks denote elongation of the previous segment. The placeholder here just stands for a following character. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">ˌ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secondary_stress" title="Secondary stress">Secondary stress</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+02CC ˌ MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><div style="position: relative; width: 60px; height: 40px; margin: auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ˌ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg/60px-IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg/80px-IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0x25CC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="◌" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/40px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/60px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/80px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="◌̩" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg/60px-IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg/80px-IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">ː </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">Long</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+02D0 ː MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><div style="position: relative; width: 60px; height: 40px; margin: auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Length_sign.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ː" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Length_sign.svg/40px-Length_sign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Length_sign.svg/60px-Length_sign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Length_sign.svg/80px-Length_sign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0x25CC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="◌" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/40px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/60px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/80px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><div style="position: relative; width: 40px; height: 40px; margin: auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Length_sign.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ː overlaid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Length_sign.svg/40px-Length_sign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Length_sign.svg/60px-Length_sign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Length_sign.svg/80px-Length_sign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0x25CC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="◌" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/40px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/60px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/80px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">ˑ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Half-long" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-long">Half-long</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+02D1 ˑ MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><div style="position: relative; width: 60px; height: 40px; margin: auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ˑ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg/60px-IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg/80px-IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0x25CC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="◌" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/40px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/60px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/80px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><div style="position: relative; width: 40px; height: 40px; margin: auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ˑ overlaid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg/60px-IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg/80px-IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0x25CC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="◌" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/40px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/60px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Unicode_0x25CC.svg/80px-Unicode_0x25CC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"/></a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> Registered users can specify their own font for IPA text by editing <a href="/wiki/Special:MyPage/common.css" title="Special:MyPage/common.css">their user stylesheet</a>. They can also edit <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyPage/global.css" class="extiw" title="meta:Special:MyPage/global.css">their global stylesheet</a>, which works across all Wikimedia projects. For instance, the following code would cause IPA to be displayed in the font <a href="/wiki/Charis_SIL" title="Charis SIL">Charis SIL</a>: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>.IPA { font-family: "Charis SIL"; } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Computer_input_using_on-screen_keyboard" data-mw-thread-id="h-Computer_input_using_on-screen_keyboard">Computer input using on-screen keyboard</h2></div> Online IPA keyboard utilities are available and they cover a range of IPA symbols and diacritics: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/IPAcharts/inter_chart_2018/IPA_2018.html">IPA i-charts (2018)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://r12a.github.io/pickers/ipa/">IPA character picker</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ipa.typeit.org/full/">TypeIt.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westonruter.github.io/ipa-chart/keyboard/">IPA Chart Keyboard</a></li></ul> For <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> there are free IPA keyboard layouts, e.g. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.apple.com/de/app/ipa-phonetic-keyboard/id1440241497">IPA Phonetic Keyboard</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphthong#Diphthongs_in_various_languages" title="Diphthong">IPA charts for diphthongs in various languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(pronunciation)#Entering_IPA_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation)">Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation)#Entering IPA characters</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/IPAcharts/inter_chart_2018/IPA_2018.html">Official interactive IPA chart with letter descriptions, audio, and input assist</a> <img alt="Audio content icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/16px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/24px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/32px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"/></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.uvic.ca/ling/resources/ipa/charts/IPAlab/IPAlab.htm">IPA pronunciation chart with audio</a> <img alt="Audio content icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/16px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/24px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/32px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"/></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sail.usc.edu/span/rtmri_ipa/">MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts</a> <img alt="Audio content icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/16px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/24px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/32px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"/></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seeingspeech.ac.uk/ipa-charts/">Ultrasound and MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts</a> <img alt="Audio content icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/16px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/24px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/32px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"/></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.personal.psu.edu/ejp10/blogs/gotunicode/2008/09/getting-jaws-61-to-recognize-e.html">Getting JAWS 6.1 to recognize "exotic" Unicode symbols</a> – for help on getting the <a href="/wiki/Screen_reader" title="Screen reader">screen reader</a> <a href="/wiki/JAWS_(screen_reader)" title="JAWS (screen reader)">JAWS</a> to read IPA symbols</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ipa-reader.xyz/">IPA Reader</a> – web-based IPA synthesizer using <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Polly" title="Amazon Polly">Amazon Polly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/User:IagoQnsi/ipareader" title="User:IagoQnsi/ipareader">User:IagoQnsi/ipareader</a> – user script using IPA Reader</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/wikipedia-ipa-speaker/jkgihpigffcfeebgedpklldebdibbnne">Wikipedia IPA Speaker</a> – Chrome extension</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_keys" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_keys" title="Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_keys" title="Template talk:IPA keys"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_keys" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_keys" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> keys</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Adyghe" title="Help:IPA/Adyghe">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Afrikaans" title="Help:IPA/Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Albanian" title="Help:IPA/Albanian">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Altai" title="Help:IPA/Altai">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Amharic" title="Help:IPA/Amharic">Amharic</a></li> <li>Arabic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">Modern Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Assamese" title="Help:IPA/Assamese">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Australian_languages" title="Help:IPA/Australian languages">Australian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber" title="Help:IPA/Berber">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton" title="Help:IPA/Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li>Catalan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Insular_Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Insular Catalan">Insular</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Xiang_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Corsican" title="Help:IPA/Corsican">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Old_English" title="Help:IPA/Old English">Old English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol" title="Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">Emilian-Romagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Esperanto" title="Help:IPA/Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li>German <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian" title="Help:IPA/Colognian">Colognian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandinka" title="Help:IPA/Mandinka">Mandinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid 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.IPA-vowels-container{display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div{width:1em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:first-child{direction:rtl;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:last-child{direction:ltr;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:first-child>span{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:last-child>span{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-dot{z-index:-1}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio .IPA-vowels-container>div:empty{width:40px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio .IPA-audiocell-audio{font-size:90%}</style><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(chart)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_navigation" title="Template talk:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(chart)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">chart</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="IPA_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">IPA topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IPA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Association" title="International Phonetic Association">International Phonetic Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="History of the International Phonetic Alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_Quality_Symbols" title="Voice Quality Symbols">Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_International_Phonetic_Association" title="Journal of the International Phonetic Association">Journal of the IPA (JIPA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_forms_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Cursive forms of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Cursive forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_variants_of_IPA_letters" title="Case variants of IPA letters">Case variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_and_nonstandard_symbols_in_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet">Obsolete and nonstandard symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Naming conventions of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinological_extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinological extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Sinological extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Orthography" title="World Orthography">World Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">IPA chart for English dialects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Encodings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet">ASCII encodings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAMPA" title="SAMPA">SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirshenbaum" title="Kirshenbaum">Kirshenbaum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIPA_(software)" title="TIPA (software)">TIPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">Phonetic symbols in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_number" title="IPA number">IPA number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Consonants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_consonant" title="Pulmonic consonant">Pulmonic consonants</a> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable IPA-pulmonic-main" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-pulmonic-placearrow"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">Place</a> → </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_consonant" title="Laryngeal consonant">Laryngeal</a> </th></tr> <tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th scope="col" class="IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow"><a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">Manner</a> ↓ </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labiodental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Linguolabial_consonant" title="Linguolabial consonant">Linguolabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Postalveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant">Pharyngeal/epiglottal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiceless bilabial nasal">m̥</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiceless labiodental nasal">ɱ̊</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_nasal" title="Voiced linguolabial nasal">n̼</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_nasal" title="Voiceless alveolar nasal">n̥</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiceless retroflex nasal">ɳ̊</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_nasal" title="Voiceless palatal nasal">ɲ̊</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_nasal" title="Voiceless velar nasal">ŋ̊</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_nasal" title="Voiceless uvular nasal">ɴ̥</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiceless labiodental plosive">p̪</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiced labiodental plosive">b̪</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiceless linguolabial plosive">t̼</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiced linguolabial plosive">d̼</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_plosive" title="Epiglottal plosive">ʡ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">Sibilant</a> <a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">affricate</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t̠ʃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d̠ʒ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">tʂ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">dʐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant affricate </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiceless bilabial affricate">pɸ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiced bilabial affricate">bβ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiceless labiodental affricate">p̪f</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiced labiodental affricate">b̪v</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate">t̪θ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate">d̪ð</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate">tɹ̝̊</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate">dɹ̝</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">t̠ɹ̠̊˔</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">d̠ɹ̠˔</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal affricate">cç</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_affricate" title="Voiced palatal affricate">ɟʝ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_affricate" title="Voiceless velar affricate">kx</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_affricate" title="Voiced velar affricate">ɡɣ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_affricate" title="Voiceless uvular affricate">qχ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_affricate" title="Voiced uvular affricate">ɢʁ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiceless epiglottal affricate">ʡʜ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiced epiglottal affricate">ʡʢ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_affricate" title="Voiceless glottal affricate">ʔh</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sibilant <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant fricative </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiceless linguolabial fricative">θ̼</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiced linguolabial fricative">ð̼</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder IPA-common-nobottomborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative">θ̠</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative">ð̠</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠̊˔</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠˔</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ̊˔</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ˔</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative">ç</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">ʝ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><a href="/wiki/Creaky-voiced_glottal_approximant" title="Creaky-voiced glottal approximant">ʔ̞</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tap_and_flap_consonants" title="Tap and flap consonants">Tap/flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_flap" title="Voiced bilabial flap">ⱱ̟</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_flap" title="Voiced labiodental flap">ⱱ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced linguolabial tap">ɾ̼</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar tap">ɾ̥</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex flap">ɽ̊</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_tap_and_flap" title="Voiced uvular tap and flap">ɢ̆</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_tap" title="Voiced epiglottal tap">ʡ̆</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_trill" title="Voiceless bilabial trill">ʙ̥</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_trill" title="Voiced bilabial trill">ʙ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_trill" title="Voiceless alveolar trill">r̥</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_trill" title="Voiceless retroflex trill">ɽ̊r̥</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_trill" title="Voiced retroflex trill">ɽr</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_trill" title="Voiceless uvular trill">ʀ̥</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">ʀ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiceless epiglottal trill">ʜ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiced epiglottal trill">ʢ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate">tɬ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar lateral affricate">dɮ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate">tꞎ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex lateral affricate">d𝼅</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal lateral affricate">c𝼆</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced palatal lateral affricate">ɟʎ̝</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless velar lateral affricate">k𝼄</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced velar lateral affricate">ɡʟ̝</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">ɬ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative">ꞎ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex lateral fricative">𝼅</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal lateral fricative">𝼆</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced palatal lateral fricative">ʎ̝</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless velar lateral fricative">𝼄</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced velar lateral fricative">ʟ̝</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral approximant </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced uvular lateral approximant">ʟ̠</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral tap/flap </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral flap">ɺ̥</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral flap">ɺ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral flap">𝼈̥</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiced retroflex lateral flap">𝼈</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_flap" title="Voiced palatal lateral flap">ʎ̆</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_tap" title="Voiced velar lateral tap">ʟ̆</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IPA help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/></a> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> Symbols to the right in a cell are <a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a>, to the left are <a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a>. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="nowrap"><div style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 2em;">Non-pulmonic consonants <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable" style=""> <tbody><tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant"><abbr title="Bilabial">BL</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant"><abbr title="Labiodental">LD</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant"><abbr title="Dental">D</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant"><abbr title="Alveolar">A</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant"><abbr title="Postalveolar">PA</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant"><abbr title="Retroflex">RF</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant"><abbr title="Palatal">P</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant"><abbr title="Velar">V</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant"><abbr title="Uvular">U</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant"><abbr title="Epiglottal">EG</abbr></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Stop</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_stop" title="Bilabial ejective stop">pʼ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ejective stop">tʼ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_stop" title="Retroflex ejective stop">ʈʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatal_ejective_stop" title="Palatal ejective stop">cʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_stop" title="Uvular ejective stop">qʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_ejective" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiglottal ejective">ʡʼ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_affricate" title="Labiodental ejective affricate">p̪fʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_affricate" title="Dental ejective affricate">t̪θʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar ejective affricate">tsʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Palato-alveolar ejective affricate">t̠ʃʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_affricate" title="Retroflex ejective affricate">tʂʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate">tɕʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_affricate" title="Velar ejective affricate">kxʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular ejective affricate">qχʼ</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_fricative" title="Bilabial ejective fricative">ɸʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_fricative" title="Labiodental ejective fricative">fʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_fricative" title="Dental ejective fricative">θʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar ejective fricative">sʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Palato-alveolar ejective fricative">ʃʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_fricative" title="Retroflex ejective fricative">ʂʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative">ɕʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_fricative" title="Velar ejective fricative">xʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_fricative" title="Uvular ejective fricative">χʼ</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar lateral ejective affricate">tɬʼ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Palatal lateral ejective affricate">c𝼆ʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Velar lateral ejective affricate">k𝼄ʼ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uvular_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular lateral ejective affricate">q𝼄ʼ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar lateral ejective fricative">ɬʼ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">Click</a> (top: velar; bottom: uvular) </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">Tenuis</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_bilabial_click" title="Tenuis bilabial click">kʘ qʘ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_dental_click" title="Tenuis dental click">kǀ qǀ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_click" title="Tenuis alveolar click">kǃ qǃ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_retroflex_click" title="Tenuis retroflex click">k𝼊 q𝼊</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_palatal_click" title="Tenuis palatal click">kǂ qǂ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voiced</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_click" title="Voiced bilabial click">ɡʘ ɢʘ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_click" title="Voiced dental click">ɡǀ ɢǀ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_click" title="Voiced alveolar click">ɡǃ ɢǃ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_click" title="Voiced retroflex click">ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_click" title="Voiced palatal click">ɡǂ ɢǂ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_click" title="Nasal click">Nasal</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial nasal click">ŋʘ ɴʘ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dental_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental nasal click">ŋǀ ɴǀ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal click">ŋǃ ɴǃ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex nasal click">ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal click">ŋǂ ɴǂ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"><a href="/wiki/Back-released_click" title="Back-released click">ʞ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tenuis <a href="/wiki/Lateral_click" title="Lateral click">lateral</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenuis alveolar lateral click">kǁ qǁ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Voiced lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral click">ɡǁ ɢǁ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nasal lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral nasal click">ŋǁ ɴǁ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a> </th> <th scope="row">Voiced </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">ɓ</a> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">ɗ</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiced retroflex implosive">ᶑ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive">ʄ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive">ɠ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_implosive" title="Voiced uvular implosive">ʛ</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">Voiceless</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiceless bilabial implosive">ɓ̥</a> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_implosive" title="Voiceless alveolar implosive">ɗ̥</a> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiceless retroflex implosive">ᶑ̊</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_implosive" title="Voiceless palatal implosive">ʄ̊</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_implosive" title="Voiceless velar implosive">ɠ̊</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_implosive" title="Voiceless uvular implosive">ʛ̥</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IPA help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/></a> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_non-pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA non-pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Co-articulated_consonant" title="Co-articulated consonant">Co-articulated consonants</a> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="nowrap IPA-coarticulated-main IPA-coarticulated-nocaption" style=""> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–alveolar nasal">n͡m</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93coronal_consonant" title="Labial–coronal consonant">Labial–alveolar</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced labial–retroflex nasal">ɳ͡m</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93retroflex_consonant" title="Labial–retroflex consonant">Labial–retroflex</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–velar nasal">ŋ͡m</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93velar_consonant" title="Labial–velar consonant">Labial–velar</a></div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive">t͡p</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–alveolar plosive">d͡b</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive">ʈ͡p</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced labial–retroflex plosive">ɖ͡b</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–retroflex</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar plosive">k͡p</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–velar plosive">ɡ͡b</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive">q͡ʡ</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_consonant" title="Uvular–epiglottal consonant">Uvular–epiglottal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–uvular plosive">q͡p</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93uvular_consonant" title="Labial–uvular consonant">Labial–uvular</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a>/<a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">approximant</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–palatal fricative">ɥ̊</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labio-palatalization" title="Labio-palatalization">Labial–palatal</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">ʍ</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">Sj-sound</a> (variable)</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> approximant</div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization">Velarized</a> alveolar</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar implosive">ɠ̊͜ɓ̥</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiced labial–velar implosive">ɠ͡ɓ</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93alveolar_ejective_stop" title="Labial–alveolar ejective stop">t͡pʼ</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IPA help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_co-articulated_consonants" title="Template:IPA co-articulated consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Other" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Nasal labial–velar approximant">Nasal labial–velar approximant</a> [w̃]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_palatal_approximant" title="Nasal palatal approximant">Nasal palatal approximant</a> [j̃]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bidental_fricative" title="Voiceless bidental fricative">Voiceless bidental fricative</a> [h̪͆]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabially_post-trilled_dental_stop" title="Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop">Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop</a> [t̪ʙ̥]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_nasal_glottal_approximant" title="Voiceless nasal glottal approximant">Voiceless nasal glottal approximant</a> [h̃]</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vowels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="nowrap IPA-vowels-main IPA-vowels-nocaption IPA-vowels-noaudio" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td class="IPA-vowels-image-cell"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/320px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/480px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/640px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"/><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-22px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-1px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_vowel" title="Near-close vowel">Near-close</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(40px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-15px, -1px);"><div></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">ɘ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Mid front rounded vowel">ø̞</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(32px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ̞</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(64px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">œ</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel">ɜ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel">ɞ</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_vowel" title="Near-open vowel">Near-open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(85px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(53px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(106px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">ɶ</a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(63px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IPA help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" 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