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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Identity and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Identity_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Identity and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Identity_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>National symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diaspora</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diaspora subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France_and_the_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France_and_the_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>France and the Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France_and_the_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flemish people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaminge" title="Vlaminge – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vlaminge" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%83" title="فلمنك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلمنك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamencos" title="Flamencos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Flamencos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamandlar" title="Flamandlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Flamandlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="فلاماند‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فلاماند‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Фламандцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фламандцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Фламандци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фламандци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Фламандсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фламандсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vl%C3%A1mov%C3%A9" title="Vlámové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vlámové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffleminiaid" title="Ffleminiaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffleminiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaml%C3%A6ndere" title="Flamlændere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Flamlændere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamen" title="Flamen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flamen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaamid" title="Flaamid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Flaamid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamencos" title="Flamencos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Flamencos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandroj" title="Flandroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flandroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandriar" title="Flandriar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Flandriar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="فلاندری‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلاندری‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamands" title="Flamands – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Flamands" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%A9imeannaigh" title="Pléimeannaigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pléimeannaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_flamengo" title="Pobo flamengo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo flamengo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%8C%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%B8" title="플람스인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="플람스인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ֆլամանդացիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆլամանդացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamanci" title="Flamanci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Flamanci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Flanders" title="Orang Flanders – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Flanders" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Фламандиаг адæм – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фламандиаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%A6mingjar_(%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0flokkur)" title="Flæmingjar (þjóðflokkur) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Flæmingjar (þjóðflokkur)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiamminghi" title="Fiamminghi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fiamminghi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Фламандтықтар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фламандтықтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Фламанддар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фламанддар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C4%81mi" title="Flāmi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Flāmi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamandai" title="Flamandai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Flamandai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamandok" title="Flamandok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Flamandok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Фламанци – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фламанци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്ളമിഷ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്ളമിഷ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%83" title="فلمنك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلمنك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Flemish" title="Orang Flemish – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Flemish" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlamingen" title="Vlamingen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vlamingen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="フラマン人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フラマン人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamlendere" title="Flamlendere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flamlendere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamandlar" title="Flamandlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Flamandlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamandowie" title="Flamandowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Flamandowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamengos" title="Flamengos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Flamengos" data-language-autonym="Português" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group native to Flanders, Belgium</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Flemings" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Flemings_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Flemings (disambiguation)">Flemings (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Flemings</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlamingen</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Flanders.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/100px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/150px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/200px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="627" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, the symbol of the Flemish people.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/220px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/330px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/440px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flemish Community in Belgium and Europe</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <b>7 million</b><br /><small>(2011 estimate)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">6,450,765<sup id="cite_ref-statbel1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statbel1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Indeterminable<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_a"><a href="#endnote_a">[a]</a></sup><br />(<i>352,630 Belgians</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="infobox-data">187,750<sup id="cite_ref-viw_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viw-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,840–176,615<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_b"><a href="#endnote_b">[b]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Canada_Census_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada_Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">55,200<sup id="cite_ref-viw_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viw-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15,130<sup id="cite_ref-viw_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viw-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,000<sup id="cite_ref-viw_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viw-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_in_Belgium" title="Dutch in Belgium">Dutch</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Flemish" title="East Flemish">East Flemish</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Flemish" title="West Flemish">West Flemish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brabantian_Dutch" title="Brabantian Dutch">Brabantian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburgish</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly and historically <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> with <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> minority<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Increasingly <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Belgium" title="Irreligion in Belgium">irreligious</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vilamovians" title="Vilamovians">Vilamovians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0.5em;text-align:left;"><hr /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^a</a></b></span> U.S. population census does not differentiate between <a href="/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloons</a> and Flemish, therefore the number of the latter is unknown.<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_b"><b><a href="#ref_b">^b</a></b></span> In 2011, 13,840 respondents stated Flemish <i>ethnic origin</i>. Another 176,615 reported <i>Belgian</i>. See <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadians_by_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadians by ethnicity">List of Canadians by ethnicity</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data">Fleming (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaming</i></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flemings</a> (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlamingen</i></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flemish_dialects" title="Flemish dialects">Flemish</a> (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaams</i></span>),<br /><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Sign_Language" title="Flemish Sign Language">VGT</a> (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaamse Gebarentaal</i></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaanderen</i></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Flemish people</b> or <b>Flemings</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Vlamingen</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈvlaːmɪŋə(n)]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/15\/Nl-Vlamingen.ogg\/Nl-Vlamingen.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Vlamingen.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/Nl-Vlamingen.ogg/Nl-Vlamingen.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Vlamingen.ogg" title="File:Nl-Vlamingen.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) are a <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> native to <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, who speak <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Dutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish Dutch">Flemish Dutch</a>. Flemish people make up the majority of <a href="/wiki/Belgians" title="Belgians">Belgians</a>, at about 60%. </p><p><i>Flemish</i> was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a> in modern-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings" irrespective of their <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicity</a> or language.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">duchy of Brabant</a> and the medieval <a href="/wiki/County_of_Loon" title="County of Loon">county of Loon</a>, where the modern national identity and <a href="/wiki/Flemish_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish culture">culture</a> gradually formed. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sense of "Flemish" identity increased significantly after the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a>. Prior to this, the term "<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlamingen</i></span>" in the Dutch language was in first place used for the inhabitants of the former County of Flanders.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Flemish, however, had been used since the 14th century to refer to the language and dialects of both the peoples of Flanders and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_(1625).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg/220px-Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg/330px-Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg/440px-Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2203" /></a><figcaption><i>The Wedding Dance</i> by <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Brueghel_the_Younger" title="Pieter Brueghel the Younger">Pieter Brueghel the Younger</a>, 1625</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1830, the southern provinces of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Netherlands</a> proclaimed their independence. French-dialect speaking population, as well as the administration and elites, feared the loss of their status and autonomy under Dutch rule while the rapid industrialization in the south highlighted economic differences between the two. Under <a href="/wiki/French_period" title="French period">French rule</a> (1794–1815), French was enforced as the only official language in public life, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Francization" title="Francization">Francization</a> of the elites and, to a lesser extent, the middle classes. The Dutch king allowed the use of both Dutch and French dialects as administrative languages in the Flemish provinces. He also enacted laws to reestablish Dutch in schools.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The language policy was not the only cause of the secession; the <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Roman Catholic</a> majority viewed the sovereign, the Protestant <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a>, with suspicion and were heavily stirred by the Roman Catholic Church which suspected William of wanting to enforce <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>. Lastly, Belgian liberals were dissatisfied with William for his allegedly despotic behaviour.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Following the revolt, the language reforms of 1823 were the first Dutch laws to be abolished and the subsequent years would see a number of laws restricting the use of the Dutch language.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This policy led to the gradual emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a>, that was built on earlier <a href="/wiki/Anti-French_sentiment" title="Anti-French sentiment">anti-French</a> feelings of injustice, as expressed in writings (for example by the late 18th-century writer, <a href="/wiki/Jan-Baptist_Verlooy" title="Jan-Baptist Verlooy">Jan Verlooy</a>) which criticized the Southern <a href="/wiki/Francophile" title="Francophile">Francophile</a> elites. The efforts of this movement during the following 150 years, have to no small extent facilitated the creation of the <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> social, political and linguistic equality of Dutch from the end of the 19th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundred Years War">Hundred Years War</a> many Flemings migrated to the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>. By 1490 there were 2,000 Flemings living in the Azores. <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_der_Haegen" title="Willem van der Haegen">Willem van der Haegen</a> was the original sea captain who brought settlers from Flanders to the Azores. Today many Azoreans trace their genealogy from present day Flanders. Many of their customs and traditions are distinctively Flemish in nature such as <a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">windmills</a> used for grain, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jorge_cheese" title="São Jorge cheese">São Jorge cheese</a> and several religious events such as the imperios and the feast of the <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Cult of the Holy Spirit">Cult of the Holy Spirit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identity_and_culture">Identity and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Identity and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quad_Flandria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quad_Flandria.jpg/220px-Quad_Flandria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quad_Flandria.jpg/330px-Quad_Flandria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quad_Flandria.jpg/440px-Quad_Flandria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3345" data-file-height="2498" /></a><figcaption>Map of the medieval <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Within Belgium, Flemings form a clearly distinguishable group set apart by their language and customs. Various cultural and linguistic customs are similar to those of the Southern part of the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, Flemings do not identify themselves as being Dutch and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are popular stereotypes in the Netherlands as well as Flanders which are mostly based on the 'cultural extremes' of both Northern and Southern culture.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alongside this overarching political and social affiliation, there also exists a strong tendency towards <a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">regionalism</a>, in which individuals greatly identify themselves culturally through their native <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a>, city, <a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">region</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dutch_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch dialects">dialect</a> they speak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flemings speak <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> (specifically its <a href="/wiki/Flemish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish language">southern variant</a>, which is often colloquially called '<a href="/wiki/Flemish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish language">Flemish</a>'). It is the <a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">majority language</a> in Belgium, being spoken natively by three-fifths of the population. Its various dialects contain a number of lexical and a few grammatical features which distinguish them from the standard language.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As in the Netherlands, the pronunciation of Standard Dutch is affected by the native dialect of the speaker. At the same time <a href="/wiki/East_Flemish" title="East Flemish">East Flemish</a> forms a continuum with both <a href="/wiki/Brabantian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Brabantian dialect">Brabantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Flemish" title="West Flemish">West Flemish</a>. Standard Dutch is primarily based on the <a href="/wiki/Hollandic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollandic">Hollandic</a> dialect (spoken in the northwestern Netherlands) and to a lesser extent on Brabantic, which is the most dominant Dutch dialect of the Southern Netherlands and <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Religion in Belgium</a></div> <p>Approximately 75% of the Flemish people are by baptism assumed <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, though a still diminishing minority of less than 8% attends <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> on a regular basis and nearly half of the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> are <a href="/wiki/Agnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnostic">agnostic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>. A 2006 inquiry in Flanders showed 55% chose to call themselves religious and 36% believe that God created the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_symbols">National symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: National symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official flag and coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Community" title="Flemish Community">Flemish Community</a> represents a black lion with red claws and tongue on a yellow field (<i><a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">or</a> a lion rampant <a href="/wiki/Sable_(heraldry)" title="Sable (heraldry)">sable</a> armed and langued <a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">gules</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A flag with a completely black lion had been in wide use before 1991 when the current version was officially adopted by the Flemish Community. That older flag was at times recognized by government sources (alongside the version with red claws and tongue).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, only the flag bearing a lion with red claws and tongue is recognized by Belgian law, while the flag with the all-black lion is mostly used by Flemish separatist movements. The Flemish authorities also use two logos of a highly stylized black lion which show the claws and tongue in either red or black.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first documented use<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Flemish lion was on the <a href="/wiki/Seal_(device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (device)">seal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Philip,_count_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip, count of Flanders">Philip d'Alsace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Flanders" title="Count of Flanders">count of Flanders</a> of 1162. As of that date the use of the Flemish coat of arms (<i>or a lion rampant sable</i>) remained in use throughout the reigns of the d'Alsace, Flanders (2nd) and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Dampierre" title="House of Dampierre">Dampierre</a> <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Flanders" title="Count of Flanders">dynasties of counts</a>. The motto "Vlaanderen de Leeuw" (Flanders the lion) was allegedly present on the arms of <a href="/wiki/Pieter_de_Coninck" title="Pieter de Coninck">Pieter de Coninck</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs" title="Battle of the Golden Spurs">Battle of the Golden Spurs</a> on July 11, 1302.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the acquisition of Flanders by the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Burgundian dukes</a> the lion was only used in escutcheons. It was only after the creation of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> that the coat of arms (surmounted by a chief bearing the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of Arms of the Netherlands">Royal Arms of the Netherlands</a>) once again became the official symbol of the new province <a href="/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diaspora">Diaspora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Brazilians" title="Belgian Brazilians">Belgian Brazilians</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first sizeable wave of Flemish migration to <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> occurred in the 1870s, when <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface,_Winnipeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Boniface, Winnipeg">Saint Boniface</a> proved a popular destination for work in local flour mills, brick yards and railway yards. Similarly, Flemish were drawn to smaller villages in <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, where jobs in farming were available.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 20th century, Flemish settled in significant numbers across <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, particularly attracted by the tobacco-growing industry, in the towns of <a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham, Ontario">Chatham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leamington,_Ontario" title="Leamington, Ontario">Leamington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tillsonburg" title="Tillsonburg">Tillsonburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallaceburg" title="Wallaceburg">Wallaceburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simcoe,_Ontario" title="Simcoe, Ontario">Simcoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarnia" title="Sarnia">Sarnia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_Hope,_Ontario" title="Port Hope, Ontario">Port Hope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France_and_the_Netherlands">France and the Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: France and the Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original County of Flanders encompassed areas which today belong to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, but are still host to people of Flemish descent and some continued use of Flemish Dutch. Namely, these are <a href="/wiki/Zeelandic_Flanders" title="Zeelandic Flanders">Zeelandic Flanders</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Dunkirk" title="Arrondissement of Dunkirk">Arrondissement of Dunkirk</a> (historically known as <a href="/wiki/Westhoek_(region)" title="Westhoek (region)">French Westhoek</a>). The people of <a href="/wiki/North_Brabant" title="North Brabant">North Brabant</a> also share related ancestry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerta_Alta,_Gdansk,_Polonia,_2013-05-20,_DD_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Puerta_Alta%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg/220px-Puerta_Alta%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Puerta_Alta%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg/330px-Puerta_Alta%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Puerta_Alta%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg/440px-Puerta_Alta%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4079" data-file-height="3005" /></a><figcaption>Highland Gate in <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, Poland, built in the 1580s by Flemish architect <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_den_Blocke" title="Willem van den Blocke">Willem van den Blocke</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There were migrations of Flemish people to medieval and early modern Poland. The Flemming noble family of Flemish origin first settled in <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a> and modern Poland in the 13th century with the village of <a href="/wiki/Buk,_Goleni%C3%B3w_County" title="Buk, Goleniów County">Buk</a> becoming the first estate of the family in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family reached high-ranking political and military posts in Poland in the 18th century, and Polish Princess <a href="/wiki/Izabela_Czartoryska" title="Izabela Czartoryska">Izabela Czartoryska</a> and statesman <a href="/wiki/Adam_Jerzy_Czartoryski" title="Adam Jerzy Czartoryski">Adam Jerzy Czartoryski</a> were their descendants. There are several preserved historical residences of the family in Poland. </p><p>Flemish architects <a href="/wiki/Anthonis_van_Obbergen" title="Anthonis van Obbergen">Anthonis van Obbergen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_den_Blocke" title="Willem van den Blocke">Willem van den Blocke</a> migrated to Poland, where they designed a number of <a href="/wiki/Mannerist_architecture_and_sculpture_in_Poland" title="Mannerist architecture and sculpture in Poland">mannerist</a> structures, and Willem van den Blocke also has sculpted multiple lavishly decorated epitaphs and tombs in Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flemish people also emigrated at the end of the fifteenth century, when Flemish traders conducted intensive trade with <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, and from there moved to colonies in <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonisation_of_Africa" title="Colonisation of Africa">Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newly discovered <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> were populated by 2,000 Flemish people from 1460 onwards, making these <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic islands</a> known as the "Flemish Islands".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, the city of <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a> derives its name from Flemish explorer <a href="/wiki/Josse_van_Huerter" title="Josse van Huerter">Josse van Huerter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the 1600s, there were several substantial waves of Flemish migration to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. The first wave fled to England in the early 12th century, escaping damages from a storm across the coast of Flanders, where they were largely resettled in <a href="/wiki/Pembrokeshire" title="Pembrokeshire">Pembrokeshire</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a>. They changed the culture and accent in south Pembrokeshire to such an extent, that it led to the area receiving the name <a href="/wiki/Little_England_beyond_Wales" title="Little England beyond Wales">Little England beyond Wales</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haverfordwest" title="Haverfordwest">Haverfordwest</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Tenby" title="Tenby">Tenby</a> consequently grew as important settlements for the Flemish settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 14th century, encouraged by <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward III">King Edward III</a> and perhaps in part due to his marriage to <a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a>, another wave of migration to England occurred when skilled cloth weavers from Flanders were granted permission to settle there and contribute to the then booming cloth and woollen industries.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These migrants particularly settled in the growing <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> textile towns of <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bolton" title="Bolton">Bolton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Blackburn" title="Blackburn">Blackburn</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liversedge" title="Liversedge">Liversedge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bury,_Greater_Manchester" title="Bury, Greater Manchester">Bury</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire" title="Halifax, West Yorkshire">Halifax</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Wakefield" title="Wakefield">Wakefield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Demand for Flemish weavers in England occurred again in both the 15th and 16th centuries, but this time particularly focused on towns close to the coastline of <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a>. Many from this generation of weavers went to <a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandwich,_Kent" title="Sandwich, Kent">Sandwich</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Braintree,_Essex" title="Braintree, Essex">Braintree</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1582, it was estimated that there could have been around 1,600 Flemish in Sandwich, today almost half of its total population.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Walsham" title="North Walsham">North Walsham</a>, however, were the most popular destinations, and the nickname for <a href="/wiki/Norwich_City_F.C." title="Norwich City F.C.">Norwich City F.C.</a> fans, Canaries, is derived from the fact that many of the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a> weavers kept pet canaries.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town of <a href="/wiki/Whitefield,_Greater_Manchester" title="Whitefield, Greater Manchester">Whitefield</a>, near Bury, also claims to owe its name to Flemish cloth weavers that settled in the area during this era, who would lay their cloths out in the sun to bleach them.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These waves of settlement are also evidenced by the common surnames <a href="/wiki/Fleming_(surname)" title="Fleming (surname)">Fleming</a>, Flemings, Flemming and Flemmings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the cities of <a href="/wiki/De_Pere" class="mw-redirect" title="De Pere">De Pere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> attracted many Flemish and Walloon immigrants during the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The small town of <a href="/wiki/Belgique,_Missouri" title="Belgique, Missouri">Belgique</a> was settled almost entirely by Flemish immigrants, although a significant number of its residents left after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1993" title="Great Flood of 1993">Great Flood of 1993</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/32px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/48px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/64px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belgium" title="Portal:Belgium">Belgium portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Vlaamse_Leeuw" title="De Vlaamse Leeuw">De Vlaamse Leeuw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Netherlands" title="Greater Netherlands">Greater Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Flemish" title="French Flemish">French Flemish</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed tradition</a>, although also a scarce population of <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-statbel1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statbel1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statbel.fgov.be/figures/d21_nl.asp#2">"Structuur van de bevolking – België / Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest / Vlaams Gewest / Waals Gewest / De 25 bevolkingsrijke gemeenten (2000–2006)"</a> [Structure of the population - Belgium / Brussels-Capital Region / Flemish Region / Walloon Region / The 25 populated municipalities (2000-2006)] (in Dutch). Belgian Federal Government Service (ministry) of Economy – Directorate-general Statistics Belgium. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Structuur+van+de+bevolking+%E2%80%93+Belgi%C3%AB+%2F+Brussels+Hoofdstedelijk+Gewest+%2F+Vlaams+Gewest+%2F+Waals+Gewest+%2F+De+25+bevolkingsrijke+gemeenten+%282000%E2%80%932006%29&rft.pub=Belgian+Federal+Government+Service+%28ministry%29+of+Economy+%E2%80%93+Directorate-general+Statistics+Belgium&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatbel.fgov.be%2Ffigures%2Fd21_nl.asp%232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span>— Note: 59% of the Belgians can be considered Flemish, i.e., Dutch-speaking: Native speakers of Dutch living in <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a> and of French in Flanders are relatively small minorities which furthermore largely balance one another, hence counting all inhabitants of each unilingual area to the area's language can cause only insignificant inaccuracies (99% can speak the language). Dutch: Flanders' 6.079 million inhabitants and about 15% of Brussels' 1.019 million are 6.23 million or 59.3% of the 10.511 million inhabitants of Belgium (2006); German: 70,400 in the German-speaking Community (which has <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_with_language_facilities" title="Municipalities with language facilities">language facilities</a> for its less than 5% French-speakers), and an estimated 20,000–25,000 speakers of German in the Walloon Region outside the geographical boundaries of their official Community, or 0.9%; French: in the latter area as well as mainly in the rest of Wallonia (3.414 - 0.093 = 3.321 million) and 85% of the Brussels inhabitants (0.866 million) thus 4.187 million or 39.8%; together indeed 100%<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table">Results  </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212212204/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table">Archived</a> 2020-02-12 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> American Fact Finder (US Census Bureau)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-viw-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-viw_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-viw_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-viw_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-viw_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205235646/http://www.viw.be/intro.html">"Vlamingen in de Wereld"</a>. Vlamingen in de Wereld, a foundation offering services for Flemish expatriates, with cooperation of the Flemish government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viw.be/intro.html">the original</a> on 2007-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vlamingen+in+de+Wereld&rft.pub=Vlamingen+in+de+Wereld%2C+a+foundation+offering+services+for+Flemish+expatriates%2C+with+cooperation+of+the+Flemish+government.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.viw.be%2Fintro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canada_Census-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canada_Census_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE&VNAMEF">2011 Canadian Census</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebon1838" class="citation book cs1">Lebon (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A7cWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA31"><i>La Flandre Wallonne aux 16e et 17e siшcle suivie... de notes historiques ... - Lebon - Google Livres</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Flandre+Wallonne+aux+16e+et+17e+si%D1%88cle+suivie...+de+notes+historiques+...+-+Lebon+-+Google+Livres&rft.date=1838&rft.au=Lebon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA7cWAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lode Wils. De lange weg van de naties in de Lage Landen, p.46. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5350-144-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-5350-144-4">90-5350-144-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrightKelly-Holmes1995" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Sue; Kelly-Holmes, Helen (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BNnm-Bog4awC&pg=PA50"><i>Languages in contact and conflict ... - Google Books</i></a>. Multilingual Matters. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-278-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-278-2"><bdi>978-1-85359-278-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+in+contact+and+conflict+...+-+Google+Books&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-85359-278-2&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.au=Kelly-Holmes%2C+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBNnm-Bog4awC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.H. Kossmann, <i>De lage landen 1780/1980. Deel 1 1780-1914</i>, 1986, Amsterdam, p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacques Logie, <i>De la régionalisation à l'indépendance, 1830</i>, Duculot, 1980, Paris-Gembloux, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National minorities in Europe, W. Braumüller, 2003, page 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nederlandse en Vlaamse identiteit, Civis Mundi 2006 by S.W Couwenberg. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5573-688-0" title="Special:BookSources/90-5573-688-0">90-5573-688-0</a>. Page 62. Quote: "Er valt heel wat te lachen om de wederwaardigheden van Vlamingen in Nederland en Nederlanders in Vlaanderen. Ze relativeren de verschillen en beklemtonen ze tegelijkertijd. Die verschillen zijn er onmiskenbaar: in taal, klank, kleur, stijl, gedrag, in politiek, maatschappelijke organisatie, maar het zijn stuk voor stuk varianten binnen één taal-en cultuurgemeenschap." The opposite opinion is stated by L. Beheydt (2002): "Al bij al lijkt een grondiger analyse van de taalsituatie en de taalattitude in Nederland en Vlaanderen weinig aanwijzingen te bieden voor een gezamenlijke culturele identiteit. Dat er ook op andere gebieden weinig aanleiding is voor een gezamenlijke culturele identiteit is al door Geert Hofstede geconstateerd in zijn vermaarde boek <i>Allemaal andersdenkenden</i> (1991)." L. Beheydt, "Delen Vlaanderen en Nederland een culturele identiteit?", in P. Gillaerts, H. van Belle, L. Ravier (eds.), <i>Vlaamse identiteit: mythe én werkelijkheid</i> (Leuven 2002), 22-40, esp. 38. <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: Accounting for the past, 1650-2000; by D. Fokkema, 2004, Assen.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Janssens and A. Marynissen, <i>Het Nederlands vroeger en nu</i> (Leuven/Voorburg 2005), 155 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inquiry by 'Vepec', 'Vereniging voor Promotie en Communicatie' (Organisation for Promotion and Communication), published in Knack magazine 22 November 2006 p.14 [The Dutch language term 'gelovig' is in the text translated as 'religious'; more precisely it is a very common word for believing in particular in any kind of God in a <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> sense, and/or in some <a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">afterlife</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.vlaanderen.be/channels/hoofdmenu/vlaamseoverheid/wapen.jsp">Flemish Authorities - coat of arms</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031204051244/http://docs.vlaanderen.be/channels/hoofdmenu/vlaamseoverheid/wapen.jsp">Archived</a> 2003-12-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>De officiële voorstelling van het wapen van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, in zwart - wit en in kleur, werd vastgesteld bij de ministeriële besluiten van 2 januari 1991 (BS 2 maart 1991), en zoals afgebeeld op de bijlagen bij deze besluiten.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.vlaanderen.be/channels/hoofdmenu/vlaamseoverheid/vlag.jsp">- flag</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070204105253/http://docs.vlaanderen.be/channels/hoofdmenu/vlaamseoverheid/vlag.jsp">Archived</a> 2007-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samples of the black lion without red tongue and claws for the province of East and <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a> before the regionalization of Belgian provinces:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProf._Dr._J._VerschuerenDr._W._Pée_&_Dr._A._Seeldraeyers1997" class="citation book cs1">Prof. Dr. J. Verschueren; Dr. W. Pée & Dr. A. Seeldraeyers (1 December 1997). <i>Verschuerens Modern Woordenboek</i> (6th revised ed.). N.V. Brepols, Turnhout. volume M–Z, plate "Wapenschilden" left of p. 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verschuerens+Modern+Woordenboek&rft.pages=volume+M-Z%2C+plate+%22Wapenschilden%22+left+of+p.+1997&rft.edition=6th+revised&rft.pub=N.V.+Brepols%2C+Turnhout&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.au=Prof.+Dr.+J.+Verschueren&rft.au=Dr.+W.+P%C3%A9e+%26+Dr.+A.+Seeldraeyers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span> This dictionary/encyclopaedia was put on the list of school books allowed to be used in the official secondary institutions of education on March 8, 1933 by the Belgian government.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Armorial des provinces et des communes de Belgique, Max Servais: pages 217-219, explaining the 1816 origin of the Flags of the provinces of East and West Flanders and their post 1830 modifications</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flemish authorities show a logo of a highly stylized black lion either with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.portal.vlaanderen.be/VlaamseInfolijn/VlaamseInfolijn-Page-HomePageVlaamseInfolijn_index.html">red claws and tongue (sample: 'error' page by ministry of the Flemish Community)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050406004805/http://docs.portal.vlaanderen.be/VlaamseInfolijn/VlaamseInfolijn-Page-HomePageVlaamseInfolijn_index.html">Archived</a> 2005-04-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> or a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vlaamseregering.be/">completely black version</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Armorial des provinces et des communes de Belgique, Max Servais</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/be-vlg.html">"Flanders (Belgium)"</a>. Flags of the World web site. 2006-12-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flanders+%28Belgium%29&rft.pub=Flags+of+the+World+web+site&rft.date=2006-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwflags.com%2Ffotw%2Fflags%2Fbe-vlg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelde,_François_R.2000" class="citation web cs1">Velde, François R. (2000-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldica.org/topics/warcry.htm">"War-Cries"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=War-Cries&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.au=Velde%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldica.org%2Ftopics%2Fwarcry.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlivier,_M.1995" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Olivier, M. (1995-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927024741/http://jsp.vlaamsparlement.be/docs/stukken/bz1995/g36-1.pdf">"Voorstel van decreet houdende instelling van de Orde van de Vlaamse Leeuw (Vlaamse Raad, stuk 36, buitengewone zitting 1995 – Nr. 1)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Parliament" title="Flemish Parliament">Flemish Parliament</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jsp.vlaamsparlement.be/docs/stukken/bz1995/g36-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voorstel+van+decreet+houdende+instelling+van+de+Orde+van+de+Vlaamse+Leeuw+%28Vlaamse+Raad%2C+stuk+36%2C+buitengewone+zitting+1995+%E2%80%93+Nr.+1%29&rft.pub=Flemish+Parliament&rft.date=1995-06-13&rft.au=Olivier%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjsp.vlaamsparlement.be%2Fdocs%2Fstukken%2Fbz1995%2Fg36-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://cha-shc.ca/_uploads/5c374e52646c5.pdf">[1]</a> <i>The Belgians In Canada</i>, Cornelius J. Jaenen, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2SAyUeHPtekC&dq=Flemish+in+Ontario&pg=PA150">"This migration resulted in a Flemish corridor stretching from Wallaceburg, through Chatham, up to Leamington."/"Flemish moved to a region stretching from Aylmer to Simcoe."</a> <i>The Netherlandic Presence in Ontario</i>, Frans J. Schryer, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/uop/1428?lang=en">"The most important Flemish settlement was located at the heart of the tobacco-growing region, within the London-Kitchener-Dunnville triangle."/"In the mid-1920s, another important settlement developed around Sarnia on Lake Huron."</a> <i>The Flemish and Dutch Migrant Press in Canada: A Historical Investigation</i>, Jennifer Vrielinck. Accessed August 3, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Baltische Studien</i>. Vol. 1. 1832. p. 105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baltische+Studien&rft.pages=105&rft.date=1832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://culture.pl/pl/tworca/willem-van-den-blocke">"Willem van den Blocke"</a>. <i>Culture.pl</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Culture.pl&rft.atitle=Willem+van+den+Blocke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fculture.pl%2Fpl%2Ftworca%2Fwillem-van-den-blocke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue23/pdf/v12n1a05.pdf">"Flemish merchants"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flemish+merchants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brown.edu%2FDepartments%2FPortuguese_Brazilian_Studies%2Fejph%2Fhtml%2Fissue23%2Fpdf%2Fv12n1a05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lusophonia.com/de-vergeten-vlamingen-van-de-azoren/">"De vergeten Vlamingen van de Azoren – Lusophonia"</a> (in Dutch). 2007-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=De+vergeten+Vlamingen+van+de+Azoren+%E2%80%93+Lusophonia&rft.date=2007-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flusophonia.com%2Fde-vergeten-vlamingen-van-de-azoren%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/blkva_20110305_003">"De Azoren, de Vlaamse eilanden"</a>. <i>Het Nieuwsblad</i> (in Flemish). 2011-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Het+Nieuwsblad&rft.atitle=De+Azoren%2C+de+Vlaamse+eilanden&rft.date=2011-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nieuwsblad.be%2Fcnt%2Fblkva_20110305_003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azoresweb.com/geschiedenis_azoren2.html">"Meer Geschiedenis van de Azoren"</a>. <i>www.azoresweb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.azoresweb.com&rft.atitle=Meer+Geschiedenis+van+de+Azoren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azoresweb.com%2Fgeschiedenis_azoren2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jf-angustias.pt/historia/">"História – Freguesia das Angústias"</a> (in European Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hist%C3%B3ria+%E2%80%93+Freguesia+das+Ang%C3%BAstias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jf-angustias.pt%2Fhistoria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://haverfordwesttown.co.uk/our-town/history/early-history/">"It (Haverfordwest) was probably the main area of Flemish settlement in Pembrokeshire."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190801201554/https://haverfordwesttown.co.uk/our-town/history/early-history/">Archived</a> 2019-08-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Haverfordwest Town Council</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/wales/w_sw/article_1.shtml">The Flemish colonists in Wales</a> <i>BBC</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.englandsimmigrants.com/page/individual-studies/fourteenth-century-england-a-place-flemish-rebels-called-home">Fourteenth Century England - A Place Flemish Rebels Called 'Home'</a> <i>England's Immigrant's 1330-1550</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/painting/fmb/paintings/8.html">The Establishment of Flemish Weavers in Manchester. AD 1363</a> <i>The Victorian Web</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/comment/14603983.remember-our-flemish-immigrant-ancestors-who-came-to-bolton-and-established-the-spinning-and-weaving-industry-on-which-the-town-subsequently-was-built/">"Remember our Flemish 'immigrant' ancestors who came to Bolton and established the spinning and weaving industry on which the town was subsequently built."</a> <i>The Bolton News</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.communityraillancashire.co.uk/blackburn/">"Flemish weavers who settled in the area in the 14th Century helped to develop the woollen cottage industry."</a> <i>Community Rail Lancashire</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huddersfield.exposed/wiki/Spen_Valley,_Past_and_Present_(1893)_by_Frank_Peel">"Settlement of Flemish Cloth Workers in Hartshead and Liversedge"</a> <i>Spen Valley, Past and Present</i> by Frank Peel, 1893.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lan-opc.org.uk/Bury/index.html">"In the mid 1300's, it is said that Flemish weavers settled in Bury, giving rise to the woollen industry in the town, and the reason for a sheep being depicted on the Coat of Arms."</a> <i>Lancashire Online Parish Clerks</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maggieblanck.com/Land/WE.html">"A considerable number of Flemish weavers settled in Halifax in the West Riding at the close of the fourteenth century and the beginning of the fifteenth century."</a> <i>Weaving in Yorkshire</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themeister.co.uk/hindley/wool.htm">"The cloth trade enjoyed a fillip when a considerable number of Flemish weavers settled in Halifax in the West Riding at the close of the fourteenth century."</a> <i>History of the Wool Industry in England, the Yorkshire West Riding and Pudsey & Halifax</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pu7xsQXmiuYC&dq=flemish+weavers+wakefield&pg=PA64">"About 1340, Flemish weavers settled in this town"</a> <i>Some Field Family Journeys: Selected Descendants of Roger Del Feld</i> by Warren James Field, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34774581/FLEMISH_IMMIGRANTS_IN_SOUTH_EAST_ENGLAND_DURING_THE_SIXTEENTH_AND_EARLY_SEVENTEENTH_CENTURIES_THEIR_ROLE_AS_TRENDSETTERS_AMONG_THE_CULTURE_OF_THE_GENTRY"><i>Flemish Immigrants In South-East England During The Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries</i></a>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.braintreemuseum.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Brief-History-PDF.pdf">"The weaving skills of Flemish immigrants brought a further boost to Braintree's prosperity in the 16th century"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190801201550/http://www.braintreemuseum.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Brief-History-PDF.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-08-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>A Brief History of Braintree</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/archcant/2002%20122%20The%20Population%20of%20Sandwich%20from%20the%20Accession%20of%20Elizabeth%201%20to%20the%20Civil%20War%20Andrewes.pdf">"From the early 1580s, the numbers of immigrants began to decline as many of the strangers returned to the Netherlands and one historian has estimated that the Flemish/Dutch population had dropped to just over a thousand by 1582. The likelihood, however, is that although numbers were decreasing the decline was not as great as this, and that numbers were nearer 1,600 to 2,000 in 1582."</a> <i>The Population of Sandwich From Elizabeth I To The Civil War</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/england/norfolk/article_4.shtml">[2]</a> <i>The Elizabethan Strangers</i>. BBC. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tournorfolk.co.uk/northwalsham.html">"Flemish weavers came and settled in North Walsham in the 13th and 14th centuries."</a> <i>Tour Norfolk</i>. Accessed August 3, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bury.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=2779&p=0">"By the fifteenth century a small community of weavers and farmers was established and it is believed that this was the origin of Whitefield"</a> <i>Bury Metropolitan Borough Council</i>. Accessed August 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS1787">"They (Flemish) tended to settle in a tightly packed strip of woods between Green Bay and Sturgeon Bay."</a> <i>Wisconsin Historical Society</i>. Accessed August 3, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/stream/FlemishInWisconsin/The-Flemish-In-Wisconsin_djvu.txt">[3]</a> <i>The Flemish In Wisconsin</i>, Jeanne and Les Rentmeester, 1985.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" 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href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Modern Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Community" title="Flemish Community">Flemish Community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Neighbouring and<br />historical regions</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margravate_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Margravate of Flanders">Margravate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeelandic_Flanders" title="Zeelandic Flanders">Zeelandic Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_Flanders" title="Romance Flanders">Romance Flanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Local regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Ardennes" title="Flemish Ardennes">Flemish Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campine" title="Campine">Campine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denderstreek" title="Denderstreek">Denderstreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hageland" title="Hageland">Hageland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesbaye" title="Hesbaye">Haspengouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajottenland" title="Pajottenland">Pajottenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meetjesland" title="Meetjesland">Meetjesland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhoek_(region)" title="Westhoek (region)">Westhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waasland" title="Waasland">Waasland</a></li> <li>...</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flanders in Europe"><img alt="Flanders in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/200px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/300px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/400px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Flanders">Provinces</a><br /><span class="nobold">(and cities)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Province" title="Antwerp Province">Antwerp</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Brabant" title="Flemish Brabant">Flemish Brabant</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Belgium)" title="Limburg (Belgium)">Limburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hasselt" title="Hasselt">Hasselt</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_the_Flemish_Region" title="List of municipalities of the Flemish Region">List of municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Diamond" title="Flemish Diamond">Flemish Diamond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Flanders" title="Politics of Flanders">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Belgian_elections" title="Template:Belgian elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Parliament" title="Flemish Parliament">Flemish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Government" title="Flemish Government">Flemish Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Community_Commission" title="Flemish Community Commission">Community Commission (Brussels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Flanders" title="Political parties in Flanders">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_Flanders" title="Minister-President of Flanders">Minister-President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Symbols and<br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_Flanders" title="History of Flanders">history</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Vlaamse_Leeuw" title="De Vlaamse Leeuw">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Flanders" title="Coat of arms of Flanders">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Flemish_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of the Flemish Community">Day of the Flemish Community</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs" title="Battle of the Golden Spurs">Guldensporenslag</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_of_Flanders_(novel)" title="The Lion of Flanders (novel)">De Leeuw van Vlaanderen</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Flanders" title="Flag of Flanders">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_dialects" title="Flemish dialects">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_literature" title="Flemish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_painting" title="Flemish painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Flanders" title="Education in Flanders">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Flanders" title="Science and technology in Flanders">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Flanders" title="Transport in Flanders">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Flanders" title="Agriculture in Flanders">Agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Belgians" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_Belgium" title="Template:People of Belgium"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People_of_Belgium" title="Template talk:People of Belgium"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People_of_Belgium" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People of Belgium"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Belgians" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Belgians" title="Belgians">Belgians</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic<br />ancestry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flemings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Community_of_Belgium" title="German-speaking Community of Belgium">German-speaking Belgians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>North Africans <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_Belgium" title="Berbers in Belgium">Berbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccans_in_Belgium" title="Moroccans in Belgium">Moroccans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Belgians" title="Black Belgians">Black Belgians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Belgium" title="Assyrians in Belgium">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Belgium" title="Chinese people in Belgium">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Belgium" title="Filipinos in Belgium">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_Belgium" title="Japanese people in Belgium">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Belgium" title="Kurds in Belgium">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Belgians" title="Lebanese Belgians">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Belgium" title="Turks in Belgium">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Belgium" title="Vietnamese people in Belgium">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_people_in_Belgium" title="Surinamese people in Belgium">Surinamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Belgium" title="Albanians in Belgium">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Belgium" title="Armenians in Belgium">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Belgium" title="Croats of Belgium">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgians_in_Belgium" title="Georgians in Belgium">Georgians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Belgium" title="Greeks in Belgium">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_immigration_to_Belgium" title="Italian immigration to Belgium">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_diaspora#Benelux" title="Polish diaspora">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Belgium" title="Portuguese in Belgium">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Belgium" title="Russians in Belgium">Russians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Religious groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Belgium" title="Buddhism in Belgium">Buddhists</a></li> <li>Christians <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Belgium" title="Catholic Church in Belgium">Catholics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Belgium" title="Irreligion in Belgium">Irreligious people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Belgium" title="History of the Jews in Belgium">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Belgium" title="Islam in Belgium">Muslims</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gender & sexuality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Belgium" title="Women in Belgium">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Belgium" title="Demographics of Belgium">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Belgium" title="Languages of Belgium">Languages of Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Dutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Dutch">Belgian Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_French" title="Belgian French">Belgian French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_nationality_law" title="Belgian nationality law">Belgian nationality law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_and_national_groups_in_the_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Ethnic groups in the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_and_national_groups_in_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Demographics of the Netherlands">Ethnic and national groups in the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Angolans in the Netherlands">Angolans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_the_Netherlands" title="Arabs in the Netherlands">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Egyptians in the Netherlands">Egyptians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Moroccans in the Netherlands">Moroccans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_the_Netherlands" title="Berbers in the Netherlands">Berbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdeans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cape Verdeans in the Netherlands">Cape Verdeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Nigerians in the Netherlands">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Somalis in the Netherlands">Somalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africans_in_the_Netherlands" title="South Africans in the Netherlands">South Africans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Asians in the Netherlands">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Chinese people in the Netherlands">Chinese</a> （<a href="/wiki/Hongkongers_in_the_Netherlands" title="Hongkongers in the Netherlands">Hongkongers</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Japanese people in the Netherlands">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Koreans in the Netherlands">Koreans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_the_Netherlands" title="South Asians in the Netherlands">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghans_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghans in the Netherlands">Afghans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in the Netherlands">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalis in the Netherlands">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistanis in the Netherlands">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Romani people in the Netherlands">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamils in the Netherlands">Tamils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_the_Netherlands" title="Filipinos in the Netherlands">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Indonesians#Netherlands" title="Overseas Indonesians">Indonesians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo_people#The_Netherlands" title="Indo people">Indos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moluccan_diaspora#The_Netherlands" title="Moluccan diaspora">Moluccans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Vietnamese people in the Netherlands">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_the_Netherlands" title="Arabs in the Netherlands">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Iraqis in the Netherlands">Iraqis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dutch_people_of_Lebanese_descent" title="List of Dutch people of Lebanese descent">Lebanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Armenians in the Netherlands">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Assyrians in the Netherlands">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Iranians in the Netherlands">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Jews in the Netherlands">Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands">Sephardim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_the_Netherlands" title="Kurds in the Netherlands">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Netherlands" title="Turks in the Netherlands">Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Albanians in the Netherlands">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgians" title="Belgians">Belgians</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flemings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloons_in_the_Netherlands" title="Walloons in the Netherlands">Walloons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutchmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huguenots#Netherlands" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_the_Netherlands" title="Greeks in the Netherlands">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegians#Netherlands" title="Norwegians">Norwegians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_the_Netherlands" title="Portuguese in the Netherlands">Portuguese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arubans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Arubans in the Netherlands">Arubans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7aoans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Curaçaoans in the Netherlands">Curaçaoans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Surinamese people in the Netherlands">Surinamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Uruguayans in the Netherlands">Uruguayans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242485#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242485#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242485#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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