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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Order of the Mass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_the_Mass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Catholic Church</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Catholic_Church-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Catholic Church subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Introductory_rites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introductory_rites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Introductory rites</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Anglicanism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anglicanism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Anglicanism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anglicanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structure_of_the_rite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_of_the_rite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Structure of the rite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_of_the_rite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Masses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Masses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Special Masses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Masses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceremonial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceremonial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Ceremonial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceremonial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methodism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methodism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Methodism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methodism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calendrical_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calendrical_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Calendrical usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calendrical_usage-sublist" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of worship service within many Christian denominations</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pontifical_Mass_-_15th_Century_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16531.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pontifical_Mass_-_15th_Century_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16531.jpg/240px-Pontifical_Mass_-_15th_Century_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16531.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pontifical_Mass_-_15th_Century_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16531.jpg/360px-Pontifical_Mass_-_15th_Century_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16531.jpg 1.5x, 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:20em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Eucharist" title="Category:Eucharist">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a><br /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Eucharist#Supper" title="Eucharist">Lord's Supper</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Eucharist#Communion" title="Eucharist">Communion</a></span></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Michael_the_Archangel,_Findlay,_OH_-_bread_and_wine_crop_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/St_Michael_the_Archangel%2C_Findlay%2C_OH_-_bread_and_wine_crop_1.jpg/150px-St_Michael_the_Archangel%2C_Findlay%2C_OH_-_bread_and_wine_crop_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/St_Michael_the_Archangel%2C_Findlay%2C_OH_-_bread_and_wine_crop_1.jpg/225px-St_Michael_the_Archangel%2C_Findlay%2C_OH_-_bread_and_wine_crop_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/St_Michael_the_Archangel%2C_Findlay%2C_OH_-_bread_and_wine_crop_1.jpg/300px-St_Michael_the_Archangel%2C_Findlay%2C_OH_-_bread_and_wine_crop_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><span style="font-size:90%;"></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Elements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.75em 0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ritual and liturgy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.75em 0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurobo" title="Holy Qurobo">Holy Qurobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Consecration</a>/<a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Anaphora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">Epiclesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution" title="Words of Institution">Words of Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">Anamnesis</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices and customs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.75em 0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_communion" title="Closed communion">Closed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_communion" title="Open communion">open table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">Communion under both kinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Adoration</a></li> <li><a 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theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.75em 0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiation" title="Consubstantiation">Consubstantiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impanation" title="Impanation">Impanation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metousiosis" title="Metousiosis">Metousiosis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receptionism" title="Receptionism">Receptionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_union" title="Sacramental union">Sacramental union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transignification" title="Transignification">Transignification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorialism" title="Memorialism">Memorialism</a></li> <li><a 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Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Supper_in_Reformed_theology" title="Lord's Supper in Reformed theology">Reformed</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.75em 0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Agape feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol" title="Christian views on alcohol">Christian views on alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_miracle" title="Eucharistic miracle">Eucharistic miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li><li>Foundations</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mass</b> is the main <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgical</a> service in many forms of <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>. The term <i>Mass</i> is commonly used in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholicism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Catholic">Independent Catholicism</a>. The term is also used in many <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> churches,<sup id="cite_ref-DeGarmeaux1995_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGarmeaux1995-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lutheran_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lutheran-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in some <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> churches,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on rare occasion by other <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches. </p><p>Other <a href="/wiki/Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian denominations">Christian denominations</a> may employ terms such as <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">worship service</a></i> (and often just "service"), rather than the word <i>Mass</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the celebration of the Eucharist in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>, other terms such as <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurobo" title="Holy Qurobo">Holy Qurobo</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Badarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Badarak">Badarak</a></i> (or <i>Patarag</i>) are typically used instead. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est#Meaning" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est § Meaning</a></div> <p>The English noun <i>Mass</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Latin">Middle Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">missa</i></span>. The Latin word was adopted in <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> as <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/m%C3%A6sse#Old_English" class="extiw" title="wikt:mæsse">mæsse</a></i></span> (via a <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> form <span title="Latin-language text">*<i lang="la">messa</i></span>), and was sometimes glossed as <i>sendnes</i> (i.e. 'a sending, dismission').<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Latin term <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">missa</i></span> itself was in use by the 6th century.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is most likely derived from the concluding formula <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a></i></span> ("Go; the dismissal is made"); <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">missa</i></span> here is a <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> substantive corresponding to classical <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">missio</i></span>. </p><p>Historically, however, there have been other etymological explanations of the noun <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">missa</i></span> that claim not to derive from the formula <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ite, missa est</i></span>. Fortescue (1910) cites older, "fanciful" etymological explanations, notably a latinization of Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Matzah" title="Matzah">matzâh</a></i></span> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מַצָּה</span></span>) "unleavened bread; oblation", a derivation favoured in the 16th century by <a href="/wiki/Reuchlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuchlin">Reuchlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a>, or Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μύησις</span></span> "initiation", or even Germanic <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mese#Etymology_1" class="extiw" title="wikt:mese">mese</a></i></span> "assembly".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French historian <a href="/wiki/Charles_du_Fresne,_sieur_du_Cange" title="Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange">Du Cange</a> in 1678 reported "various opinions on the origin" of the noun <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">missa</i></span> "Mass", including the derivation from Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">matzah</i></span> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Missah, id est, oblatio</i></span>), here attributed to <a href="/wiki/Caesar_Baronius" title="Caesar Baronius">Caesar Baronius</a>. The Hebrew derivation is learned speculation from 16th-century philology; medieval authorities did derive the noun <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">missa</i></span> from the verb <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mittere</i></span>, but not in connection with the formula <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ite, missa est</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ducange_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ducange-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De divinis officiis</i></span> (9th century)<sup id="cite_ref-pseudo-Alcuin_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pseudo-Alcuin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> explains the word as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"a mittendo, quod nos mittat ad Deo"</i></span> ("from 'sending', because it sends us towards God"),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Rupert_of_Deutz" title="Rupert of Deutz">Rupert of Deutz</a> (early 12th century) derives it from a "dismissal" of the "enmities which had been between God and men" (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"inimicitiarum quæ erant inter Deum et homines"</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_the_Mass">Order of the Mass</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Order of the Mass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mass" title="Order of Mass">Order of Mass</a></div> <p>A distinction is made between texts that recur for every Mass celebration (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="#Ordinarium">ordinarium</a></i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(liturgy)" title="Ordinary (liturgy)">ordinary</a>), and texts that are sung depending on the occasion (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="#Other_sections">proprium</a></i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Proper_(liturgy)" title="Proper (liturgy)">proper</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-brit_Mass_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit_Mass-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catholic_Church">Catholic Church</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass in the Catholic Church</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist in the Catholic Church</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> sees the <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a> as "the source and summit of the Christian life", to which the other <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments (Catholic Church)">sacraments</a> are oriented.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remembered in the Mass are <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus</a>' <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">life</a>, <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">sacrificial death on the cross</a> at <a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Calvary</a>. The ordained celebrant (<a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">priest</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">bishop</a>) is understood to act <i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_Christi" title="In persona Christi">in persona Christi</a></i>, as he recalls the words and gestures of Jesus Christ at the Last Supper and leads the <a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">congregation</a> in praise of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a>. The Mass is composed of two parts, the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Word" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgy of the Word">Liturgy of the Word</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Eucharist" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgy of the Eucharist">Liturgy of the Eucharist</a>. </p><p>Although similar in outward appearance to the <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy#Anglican_Communion" title="Christian liturgy">Anglican Mass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Lutheran Mass</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bahr2009_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bahr2009-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-University2004_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Catholic Church distinguishes between its own Mass and theirs on the basis of what it views as the <a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">validity</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">orders</a> of their clergy, and as a result, does not ordinarily permit <a href="/wiki/Open_communion" title="Open communion">intercommunion</a> between members of these Churches.<sup id="cite_ref-Dimock2006_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dimock2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Unitatis_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unitatis-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1993 letter to Bishop <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Hanselmann" class="extiw" title="de:Johannes Hanselmann">Johannes Hanselmann</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Bavaria" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Ratzinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Ratzinger">Cardinal Ratzinger</a> (later Pope Benedict XVI) affirmed that "a theology oriented to the concept of succession [of bishops], such as that which holds in the Catholic and in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox church</a>, need not in any way deny the salvation-granting presence of the Lord [<i>Heilschaffende Gegenwart des Herrn</i>] in a <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> [<i>evangelische</i>] Lord's Supper".<sup id="cite_ref-Rausch2005_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rausch2005-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Unitatis_redintegratio" title="Unitatis redintegratio">Decree on Ecumenism</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Vatican_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican II">Vatican II</a> in 1964, records that the Catholic Church notes its understanding that when other faith groups (such as Lutherans, <a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">Anglicans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Presbyterians" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterians">Presbyterians</a>) "commemorate His death and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a> in the Lord's Supper, they profess that it signifies life in communion with Christ and look forward to His coming in glory".<sup id="cite_ref-Unitatis_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unitatis-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the fixed structure outlined below, which is specific to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a>, the Scripture readings, the <a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">antiphons</a> sung or recited during the entrance procession or at Communion, and certain other prayers vary each day according to the liturgical calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introductory_rites">Introductory rites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Introductory rites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mass,_St_Mary%27s_Basilica_Bangalore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mass%2C_St_Mary%27s_Basilica_Bangalore.jpg/170px-Mass%2C_St_Mary%27s_Basilica_Bangalore.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mass%2C_St_Mary%27s_Basilica_Bangalore.jpg/255px-Mass%2C_St_Mary%27s_Basilica_Bangalore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mass%2C_St_Mary%27s_Basilica_Bangalore.jpg/340px-Mass%2C_St_Mary%27s_Basilica_Bangalore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2365" /></a><figcaption>A priest offering the Mass at <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Basilica,_Bangalore" title="St. Mary's Basilica, Bangalore">St Mary's Basilica</a>, Bangalore</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Priest_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priest (Catholic Church)">priest</a> enters, with a <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> if there is one, and altar servers (who may act as <a href="/wiki/Crucifer" title="Crucifer">crucifer</a>, candle-bearers and <a href="/wiki/Thurifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Thurifer">thurifer</a>). The priest makes the <a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">sign of the cross</a> with the people and formally greets them. Of the options offered for the Introductory Rites, that preferred by liturgists would bridge the praise of the opening hymn with the <a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Glory to God</a> which follows.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Kyrie_eleison" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrie eleison">Kyrie eleison</a></i> here has from early times been an acclamation of God's mercy.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Penitential Act instituted by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> is also still permitted here, with the caution that it should not turn the congregation in upon itself during these rites which are aimed at uniting those gathered as one praiseful congregation.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Introductory Rites are brought to a close by the Collect Prayer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liturgy_of_the_Word">Liturgy of the Word</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Liturgy of the Word"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Sundays and solemnities, three Scripture readings are given. On other days there are only two. If there are three readings, the first is from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> (a term wider than "<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew Scriptures">Hebrew Scriptures</a>", since it includes the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterocanonical Books">Deuterocanonical Books</a>), or the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> during <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a>. The first reading is followed by a psalm, recited or sung responsorially. The second reading is from the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> epistles, typically from one of the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a>. A Gospel acclamation is then sung as the Book of the Gospels is processed, sometimes with incense and candles, to the ambo; if not sung it may be omitted. The final reading and high point of the Liturgy of the Word is the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> by the deacon or priest. On all Sundays and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Days_of_Obligation" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Days of Obligation">Holy Days of Obligation</a>, and preferably at all Masses, a <a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">homily</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sermon_(oration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sermon (oration)">sermon</a> that draws upon some aspect of the readings or the liturgy itself, is then given.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The homily is preferably moral and hortatory.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_Definitions_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Definitions-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a> or, especially from Easter to <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a> is professed on Sundays and solemnities,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Universal Prayer or Prayer of the Faithful follows.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The designation "of the faithful" comes from when <a href="/wiki/Catechumens" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechumens">catechumens</a> did not remain for this prayer or for what follows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liturgy_of_the_Eucharist">Liturgy of the Eucharist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Liturgy of the Eucharist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elevation_of_the_Host.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Elevation_of_the_Host.jpg/220px-Elevation_of_the_Host.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Elevation_of_the_Host.jpg/330px-Elevation_of_the_Host.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Elevation_of_the_Host.jpg/440px-Elevation_of_the_Host.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1388" data-file-height="1157" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)" title="Elevation (liturgy)">elevation of the host</a> began in the 14th century to show people the consecrated host.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Liturgy of the Eucharist begins with the preparation of the altar and gifts,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the collection may be taken. This concludes with the priest saying: "Pray, brethren, that my sacrifice and yours may be acceptable to God, the almighty Father." The congregation stands and responds: "May the Lord accept the sacrifice at your hands, for the praise and glory of His name, for our good, and the good of all His holy Church." The priest then pronounces the variable prayer over the gifts. </p><p>Then in dialogue with the faithful the priest brings to mind the meaning of "eucharist", to give thanks to God. A variable prayer of thanksgiving follows, concluding with the acclamation "<a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Holy, Holy</a> ....Heaven and earth are full of your glory. ...Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest." The <a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">anaphora</a>, or more properly "Eucharistic Prayer", follows, The oldest of the anaphoras of the Roman Rite, fixed since the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a>, is called the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Canon">Roman Canon</a>, with central elements dating to the fourth century. With the liturgical renewal following the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>, numerous other Eucharistic prayers have been composed, including four for children's Masses. Central to the Eucharist is the <a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution" title="Words of Institution">Institution Narrative</a>, recalling the words and actions of Jesus at his <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>, which he told his disciples to do in remembrance of him.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then the congregation <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Acclamation" title="Memorial Acclamation">acclaims</a> its belief in Christ's conquest over death, and their hope of eternal life.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the early church an essential part of the Eucharistic prayer has been the <a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">epiclesis</a>, the calling down of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> to sanctify our offering.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The priest concludes with a <a href="/wiki/Doxology" title="Doxology">doxology</a> in praise of God's work, at which the people give their <a href="/wiki/Amen" title="Amen">Amen</a> to the whole Eucharistic prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communion_rite">Communion rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Communion rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_B10582.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_B10582.jpg/220px-The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_B10582.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_B10582.jpg/330px-The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_B10582.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_B10582.jpg/440px-The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_B10582.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A priest administers Communion during Mass in a Dutch field on the front line in October 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>All together recite or sing the "<a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a>" ("Pater Noster" or "Our Father"). The priest introduces it with a short phrase and follows it up with a prayer called the <a href="/wiki/Embolism_(liturgy)" title="Embolism (liturgy)">embolism</a>, after which the people respond with another doxology. The <a href="/wiki/Sign_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign of peace">sign of peace</a> is exchanged and then the "<a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamb of God (liturgy)">Lamb of God</a>" ("Agnus Dei" in Latin) litany is sung or recited while the priest breaks the host and places a piece in the main chalice; this is known as the rite of fraction and commingling. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joan_Ferrer_i_Mir%C3%B3-_Sortida_de_missa-_169.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Joan_Ferrer_i_Mir%C3%B3-_Sortida_de_missa-_169.jpg/180px-Joan_Ferrer_i_Mir%C3%B3-_Sortida_de_missa-_169.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Joan_Ferrer_i_Mir%C3%B3-_Sortida_de_missa-_169.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption><i>Out of Mass</i> (1893), oil on canvas by Joan Ferrer Miró</figcaption></figure> <p>The priest then displays the consecrated elements to the congregation, saying: "Behold the Lamb of God, behold him who takes away the sins of the world. Blessed are those called to the supper of the Lamb," to which all respond: "Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof, but only say the word and my soul shall be healed." Then Communion is given, often with lay ministers assisting with the consecrated wine.<sup id="cite_ref-GIRM,_160_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIRM,_160-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Catholic teaching, one should be in the state of grace, without mortal sin, to receive Communion.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singing by all the faithful during the Communion procession is encouraged "to express the communicants' union in spirit"<sup id="cite_ref-GIRM,_86_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIRM,_86-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the bread that makes them one. A silent time for reflection follows, and then the variable concluding prayer of the Mass. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concluding_rite">Concluding rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Concluding rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The priest imparts a blessing over those present. The deacon or, in his absence, the priest himself then dismisses the people, choosing a formula by which the people are <a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">"sent forth"</a> to spread <a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">the good news</a>. The congregation responds: "Thanks be to God." A recessional hymn is sung by all, as the ministers process to the rear of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Western_Rite_Orthodox_Churches">Western Rite Orthodox Churches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Western Rite Orthodox Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></div> <p>Since most <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Christians</a> use the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a>, most Eastern Orthodox Churches call their Eucharistic service "the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a>." However, there are a number of parishes within the Eastern Orthodox Church which use an edited version of <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a>. Most parishes use the "Divine Liturgy of St. Tikhon" which is a revision of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer, or "the Divine Liturgy of St. Gregory" which is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine form of the Roman Rite Mass</a>. These rubrics have been revised to reflect the doctrine and dogmas of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>. Therefore, the <a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">filioque</a> clause has been removed, a fuller <a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">epiclesis</a> has been added, and the use of leavened bread has been introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divine_Liturgy_of_St._Gregory">Divine Liturgy of St. Gregory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Divine Liturgy of St. Gregory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li>The Preparation for Mass</li> <li>Confiteor</li> <li>Kyrie Eleison</li> <li>Gloria in excelsis deo</li> <li>Collect of the Day</li> <li>Epistle</li> <li>Gradual</li> <li>Alleluia</li> <li>Gospel</li> <li>Sermon</li> <li>Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed</li> <li>Offertory</li> <li>Dialogue</li> <li>Preface</li> <li>Sanctus</li> <li>Canon</li> <li>Lord's Prayer</li> <li>Fraction</li> <li>Agnus Dei</li> <li>Prayers before Communion</li> <li>Holy Communion</li> <li>Prayer of Thanksgiving</li> <li>Dismissal</li> <li>Blessing of the Faithful</li> <li>Last Gospel</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lutheranism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elca_eucharistic_elevation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/Elca_eucharistic_elevation.jpg/220px-Elca_eucharistic_elevation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/Elca_eucharistic_elevation.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>A Lutheran priest <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)" title="Elevation (liturgy)">elevates</a> the <a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">chalice</a> in the celebration of the Holy Mass.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service (Lutheran)</a></div><p> In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a>, Article XXIV ("Of the Mass") of the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a> (1530) begins thus: </p><blockquote><p>Falsely are our churches accused of abolishing the Mass; for the Mass is retained among us, and celebrated with the highest reverence. We do not abolish the Mass but religiously keep and defend it. [...] We keep the traditional liturgical form. [...] In our churches Mass is celebrated every Sunday and on other holy days, when the sacrament is offered to those who wish for it after they have been examined and absolved (Article XXIV).</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> rejected parts of the Roman Rite Mass, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_the_Mass" title="Canon of the Mass">Canon of the Mass</a>, which, as he argued, did not conform with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%207:27&version=nrsv">Hebrews 7:27</a>. That verse contrasts the Old Testament priests, who needed to make a sacrifice for sins on a regular basis, with the single priest Christ, who offers his body only once as a sacrifice. The theme is carried out also in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%209:26&version=nrsv">Hebrews 9:26</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%209:28&version=nrsv">9:28</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%2010:10&version=nrsv">10:10</a>. Luther composed as a replacement a revised Latin-language rite, <i><a href="/wiki/Formula_missae" title="Formula missae">Formula missae</a>,</i> in 1523, and the vernacular <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Messe" title="Deutsche Messe">Deutsche Messe</a> in 1526.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scandinavian, <a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finnish</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/English_speaking" class="mw-redirect" title="English speaking">English speaking</a> <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a>, use the term "Mass" for their Eucharistic service,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in most German and English-speaking churches, the terms "Divine Service", "Holy Communion, or "the Holy Eucharist" are used. </p><p>Lutheran churches often celebrate the Eucharist each Sunday, if not at every worship service. This aligns with Luther's preference and the Lutheran confessions.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, eucharistic ministers take the sacramental elements to the sick in hospitals and nursing homes. The practice of weekly Communion is increasingly the norm again in most Lutheran parishes throughout the world. The bishops and pastors of the larger Lutheran bodies have strongly encouraged this restoration of the weekly Mass.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Anglicanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WilliamWhiteCommunion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/WilliamWhiteCommunion.jpg/220px-WilliamWhiteCommunion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/WilliamWhiteCommunion.jpg/330px-WilliamWhiteCommunion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/WilliamWhiteCommunion.jpg/440px-WilliamWhiteCommunion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Bishop <a href="/wiki/William_White_(Bishop_of_Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="William White (Bishop of Pennsylvania)">William White</a> celebrating Holy Communion in <a href="/wiki/Choir_dress" title="Choir dress">choir dress</a> (19th century A.D.)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Eucharistic theology">Anglican Eucharistic theology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></div> <p>In the Anglican tradition, <i>Mass</i> is one of many terms for the Eucharist. More frequently, the term used is either <i>Holy Communion</i>, <i>Holy Eucharist</i>, or the <i>Lord's Supper</i>. Occasionally the term used in Eastern churches, the <i>Divine Liturgy</i>, is also used.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the English-speaking Anglican world, the term used often identifies the <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology" title="Eucharistic theology">Eucharistic theology</a> of the person using it. "Mass" is frequently used by <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Catholic">Anglo-Catholics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure_of_the_rite">Structure of the rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Structure of the rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The various Eucharistic liturgies used by national churches of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> have continuously evolved from the 1549 and 1552 editions of the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a>,</i> both of which owed their form and contents chiefly to the work of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a>, who in about 1547 had rejected the medieval theology of the Mass.<sup id="cite_ref-MacCulloch_1996_412_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacCulloch_1996_412-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the 1549 rite retained the traditional sequence of the Mass, its underlying theology was Cranmer's and the four-day debate in the House of Lords during December 1548 makes it clear that this had already moved far beyond traditional Catholicism.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1552 revision, this was made clear by the restructuring of the elements of the rite while retaining nearly all the language so that it became, in the words of an Anglo-Catholic liturgical historian (Arthur Couratin) "a series of communion devotions; disembarrassed of the Mass with which they were temporarily associated in 1548 and 1549".<sup id="cite_ref-MacCulloch_1996_412_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacCulloch_1996_412-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some rites, such as the 1637 Scottish rite and the 1789 rite in the United States, went back to the 1549 model.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the time of the <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethan Settlement">Elizabethan Settlement</a> in 1559 the services allowed for a certain variety of theological interpretation. Today's rites generally follow the same general five-part shape.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some or all of the following elements may be altered, transposed or absent depending on the rite, the liturgical season and use of the province or national church: </p> <ul><li><b>Gathering</b>: Begins with a <a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_formula" title="Trinitarian formula">Trinitarian</a>-based greeting or <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">seasonal</a> acclamation ("Blessed be God: Father, Son and Holy spirit. And Blessed be his kingdom, now and forever. Amen").<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then the Kyrie and a general confession and absolution follow. On Sundays outside Advent and Lent and on major festivals, the <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_Excelsis_Deo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria in Excelsis Deo">Gloria in Excelsis Deo</a></span></span> is sung or said. The entrance rite then concludes with the <a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">collect</a> of the day.</li> <li><b>Proclaiming and Hearing the Word</b>: Usually two to three readings of Scripture, one of which is always from the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a>, plus a <a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">psalm</a> (or portion thereof) or <a href="/wiki/Canticle" title="Canticle">canticle</a> between the lessons. This is followed by a <a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">sermon</a> or <a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">homily</a>; the recitation of one of the Creeds, viz., the <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles'</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene</a>, is done on Sundays and feasts.</li> <li><b>The Prayers of the People</b>: Quite varied in their form.</li> <li><b>The Peace</b>: The people stand and greet one another and exchange signs of God's peace in the name of the Lord. It functions as a bridge between the prayers, lessons, sermon and creeds to the Communion part of the Eucharist.</li> <li><b>The Celebration of the Eucharist</b>: The gifts of bread and wine are brought up, along with other gifts (such as money or food for a food bank, etc.), and an <a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">offertory</a> prayer is recited. Following this, a <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_Prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic Prayer">Eucharistic Prayer</a> (called "The Great Thanksgiving") is offered. This prayer consists of a dialogue (the <a href="/wiki/Sursum_Corda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sursum Corda">Sursum Corda</a>), a preface, the <a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">sanctus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanctus_Benedictus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctus Benedictus">benedictus</a>, the Words of Institution, the Anamnesis, an <a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">Epiclesis</a>, a petition for salvation, and a Doxology. The Lord's Prayer precedes the <a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)" title="Fraction (religion)">fraction</a> (the breaking of the bread), followed by the <a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Humble_Access" title="Prayer of Humble Access">Prayer of Humble Access</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnus Dei (liturgy)">Agnus Dei</a> and the distribution of the sacred elements (the bread and wine).</li> <li><b>Dismissal</b>: There is a post-Communion prayer, which is a general prayer of thanksgiving. The service concludes with a Trinitarian blessing and the dismissal.</li></ul> <p>The liturgy is divided into two main parts: The Liturgy of the Word (Gathering, Proclaiming and Hearing the Word, Prayers of the People) and the Liturgy of the Eucharist (together with the Dismissal), but the entire liturgy itself is also properly referred to as the Holy Eucharist. The sequence of the liturgy is almost identical to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a>, except the Confession of Sin ends the Liturgy of the Word in the Anglican rites in North America, while in the Roman Rite (when used) and in Anglican rites in many jurisdictions the Confession is near the beginning of the service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Masses">Special Masses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Special Masses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Anglican tradition includes separate rites for nuptial, funeral, and votive Masses. The Eucharist is an integral part of many other sacramental services, including <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordination</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceremonial">Ceremonial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ceremonial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Eucharistic theology">Anglican Eucharistic theology</a></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholic</a> parishes use Anglican versions of the Tridentine Missal, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/English_Missal" title="English Missal">English Missal</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Anglican_Missal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Anglican Missal">The Anglican Missal</a></i>, or the <i><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Missal#American_edition" title="Anglican Missal">American Missal</a></i>, for the celebration of Mass, all of which are intended primarily for the celebration of the Eucharist, or use the order for the Eucharist in <i><a href="/wiki/Common_Worship" title="Common Worship">Common Worship</a></i> arranged according to the traditional structure, and often with interpolations from the Roman Rite. In the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church (United States)</a>, a traditional-language, Anglo-Catholic adaptation of the 1979 <i>Book of Common Prayer</i> has been published (<i>An Anglican Service Book</i>). </p><p>All of these books contain such features as meditations for the presiding celebrant(s) during the liturgy, and other material such as the rite for the blessing of palms on Palm Sunday, <a href="/wiki/Proper_(liturgy)" title="Proper (liturgy)">propers</a> for special feast days, and instructions for proper ceremonial order. These books are used as a more expansively <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> context in which to celebrate the liturgical use found in the Book of Common Prayer and related liturgical books. In England supplementary liturgical texts for the proper celebration of Festivals, Feast days and the seasons is provided in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Worship;_Times_and_Seasons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Worship; Times and Seasons (page does not exist)">Common Worship; Times and Seasons</a></i> (2013), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Festivals_(Common_Worship:_Services_and_Prayers_for_the_Church_of_England)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Festivals (Common Worship: Services and Prayers for the Church of England) (page does not exist)">Festivals (Common Worship: Services and Prayers for the Church of England)</a></i> (2008) and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Worship:_Holy_Week_and_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Worship: Holy Week and Easter (page does not exist)">Common Worship: Holy Week and Easter</a></i> (2011). </p><p>These are often supplemented in Anglo-Catholic parishes by books specifying ceremonial actions, such as <i>A Priest's Handbook</i> by Dennis G. Michno, <i>Ceremonies of the Eucharist</i> by Howard E. Galley, <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Low_Mass_Ceremonial_(Burnett)" class="extiw" title="s:Low Mass Ceremonial (Burnett)">Low Mass Ceremonial</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/C._P._A._Burnett" title="C. P. A. Burnett">C. P. A. Burnett</a>, and <i>Ritual Notes</i> by E.C.R. Lamburn. Other guides to ceremonial include the <i><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a></i>, <i>Ceremonies of the Modern Roman Rite</i> (Peter Elliott), <i>Ceremonies of the Roman Rite Described</i> (Adrian Fortescue), and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Parson%27s_Handbook" title="The Parson's Handbook">The Parson's Handbook</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Percy_Dearmer" title="Percy Dearmer">Percy Dearmer</a>). In Evangelical Anglican parishes, the rubrics detailed in the <i>Book of Common Prayer</i> are sometimes considered normative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methodism">Methodism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Methodism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Methodistcommunion6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Methodistcommunion6.jpg/150px-Methodistcommunion6.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Methodistcommunion6.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="232" /></a><figcaption>A Methodist minister consecrating the Eucharist elements during the Service of the Word and Table</figcaption></figure> <p>The celebration of the "Mass" in Methodist churches, commonly known as the Service of the Table, is based on <i>The Sunday Service</i> of 1784, a revision of the liturgy of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1662)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1662)">1662 <i>Book of Common Prayer</i></a> authorized by <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wainwright2006_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wainwright2006-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of the term "Mass" is very rare in Methodism. The terms "Holy Communion", "Lord's Supper", and to a lesser extent "Eucharist" are far more typical. </p><p>The celebrant of a Methodist Eucharist must be an ordained or licensed minister.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a>, the liturgy of the Eucharist, as provided in its <i>Book of Discipline,</i> is outlined as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-FMC-BOD2007_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FMC-BOD2007-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The Invitation: You who truly and earnestly repent of your sins, who live in love and peace with your neighbors and who intend to lead a new life, following the commandments of God and walking in His holy ways, draw near with faith, and take this holy sacrament to your comfort; and humbly kneeling, make your honest confession to Almighty God.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)#Methodism" title="Confession (religion)">General Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li>Affirmation of Faith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Patri" title="Gloria Patri">Gloria Patri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Humble_Access" title="Prayer of Humble Access">Prayer of Humble Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)#Methodist_Rite" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Prayer of Consecration of the Elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benediction" title="Benediction">Benediction</a><sup id="cite_ref-FMC-BOD2007_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FMC-BOD2007-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Methodist services of worship, post-1992, reflect the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical movement">ecumenical movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Movement" title="Liturgical Movement">Liturgical Movement</a>, particularly the <i>Methodist Mass</i>, largely the work of theologian Donald C. Lacy.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calendrical_usage">Calendrical usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Calendrical usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English suffix <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-mas" class="extiw" title="wikt:-mas">-mas</a></i> (equivalent to modern English "Mass") can label certain prominent (originally religious) feasts or seasons based on a traditional <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">liturgical year</a>. For example: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: 96%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 32%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Candlemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Childermas">Childermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 32%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallowmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallowmas">Hallowmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnmas">Johnmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lammas" title="Lammas">Lammas</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 32%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martinmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinmas">Martinmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelmas">Michelmas</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mass" title="Black Mass">Black Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mass" title="Blue Mass">Blue Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantry" title="Chantry">Chantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology" title="Eucharistic theology">Eucharistic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theologies_contrasted" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic theologies contrasted">Eucharistic theologies contrasted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnostic_Mass" title="Gnostic Mass">Gnostic Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Mass">Gold Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII">Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">Mass (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Eucharist" title="Origin of the Eucharist">Origin of the Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptionis_Sacramentum" class="mw-redirect" title="Redemptionis Sacramentum">Redemptionis Sacramentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Requiem Mass">Requiem Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_Mass#Suffrage_Mass" title="Votive Mass">Suffrage Mass</a> (in honour to dead people who are in <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mass">White Mass</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Germanic word is likely itself an early loan of the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mensa</i></span>, "table". "The origin and first meaning of the word, once much discussed, is not really doubtful. We may dismiss at once such fanciful explanations as that <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">missa</i></span> is the Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">missah</i></span> ("oblation" — so Reuchlin and Luther), or the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">myesis</i></span> ("initiation"), or the German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mess</i></span> ("assembly", "market"). Nor is it the participle feminine of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mittere</i></span>, with a noun understood (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"oblatio missa ad Deum"</i></span>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"congregatio missa"</i></span>, i.e., <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">dimissa</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Trigilio,_Kenneth_Brighenti2007" class="citation book cs1">John Trigilio, Kenneth Brighenti (2 March 2007). <i>The Catholicism Answer Book</i>. Sourcebooks, Inc. <q>The term "Mass", used for the weekly Sunday service in Catholic churches as well as services on Holy Days of Obligation, derives its meaning from the Latin term <i>Missa</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catholicism+Answer+Book&rft.pub=Sourcebooks%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007-03-02&rft.au=John+Trigilio%2C+Kenneth+Brighenti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeGarmeaux1995-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeGarmeaux1995_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeGarmeaux1995" class="citation web cs1">DeGarmeaux, Mark E. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blc.edu/comm/gargy/gargy1/O_come_let_us_worship.html">"O Come, Let Us Worship! I. The Church Service II. The Church Song A Study in Lutheran Liturgy and Hymnody presented to the 78th Annual Convention of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bethany_Lutheran_College" title="Bethany Lutheran College">Bethany Lutheran College</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>The basic structure of the Western liturgy is generally called the Mass, even in Lutheran countries. Our Scandinavian brothers and sisters still use the term High Mass (<i>Høimesse</i>) for the Communion Service. Luther called his two services: the <i>German Mass</i> and the <i>Formula of the Mass</i>. Bach and other Lutheran composers (such as Hassler and Pedersøn) wrote masses or parts of masses for use in Lutheran churches. Other Lutheran composers who wrote works for use within the Divine Service include Walter, Schütz, Scheidt, Schein, Buxtehude, Pachelbel, Praetorius, Walther, Telemann, Zachau, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Bender, Distler, Pepping, Micheelsen, Nystedt, and many others.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=O+Come%2C+Let+Us+Worship%21+I.+The+Church+Service+II.+The+Church+Song+A+Study+in+Lutheran+Liturgy+and+Hymnody+presented+to+the+78th+Annual+Convention+of+the+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod&rft.pub=Bethany+Lutheran+College&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=DeGarmeaux&rft.aufirst=Mark+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblc.edu%2Fcomm%2Fgargy%2Fgargy1%2FO_come_let_us_worship.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701143835/https://bookofconcord.org/defense_23_mass.php">"Article XXIV (XII): Of the Mass"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookofconcord.org/defense_23_mass.php">the original</a> on 1 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+XXIV+%28XII%29%3A+Of+the+Mass&rft.pub=Book+of+Concord&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbookofconcord.org%2Fdefense_23_mass.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lutheran-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lutheran_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Augustus_Seiss1871" class="citation book cs1">Joseph Augustus Seiss (1871). <i>Ecclesia Lutherana: a brief survey of the Evangelical Lutheran Church</i>. Lutheran Book Store. <q>Melancthon, the author of the Augsburg Confession, states, that he uses the words <i>Mass</i> and the <i>Lord's Supper</i> as convertible terms: 'The <i>Mass</i>, as they call it, or, with the Apostle Paul, to speak more accurately, <i>the celebration of the Lord's Supper</i>,' &c. The Evangelical Princes, in their protest at the Diet of Spires, April 19th, 1529, say, <span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span><i>Our preachers and teachers have attacked and utterly confuted the popish Mass</i>, with holy, invincible, sure Scripture, <i>and in its place raised up again the precious, priceless</i> SUPPER OF OUR DEAR LORD AND SAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST, <i>which is called</i> THE EVANGELICAL MASS. This is the only Mass founded in the Scriptures of God, in accordance with the plain and incontestable institution of the Saviour.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecclesia+Lutherana%3A+a+brief+survey+of+the+Evangelical+Lutheran+Church&rft.pub=Lutheran+Book+Store&rft.date=1871&rft.au=Joseph+Augustus+Seiss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeddon1996" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Seddon, Philip (1996). "Word and Sacrament". In Bunting, Ian (ed.). <i>Celebrating the Anglican Way</i>. London: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Word+and+Sacrament&rft.btitle=Celebrating+the+Anglican+Way&rft.place=London&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Seddon&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrad_Harper,_Paul_Louis_Metzger2009" class="citation book cs1">Brad Harper, Paul Louis Metzger (1 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vw7MqyQYtLkC&pg=PA136"><i>Exploring Ecclesiology</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brazos_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazos Press">Brazos Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781587431739" title="Special:BookSources/9781587431739"><bdi>9781587431739</bdi></a>. <q>Luther also challenged the teaching that Christ is sacrificed at the celebration of the mass. Contrary to popular Protestant opinion, Magisterial Roman Catholic teaching denies that Christ is, in the Mass, sacrificed time and time again. According to <i>The Catechism of the Catholic Church</i>, 'The Eucharist is thus a sacrifice because it <i>re-presents</i> (makes present) the sacrifice of the cross, because it is its <i>memorial</i> and because it <i>applies</i> its fruit.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+Ecclesiology&rft.pub=Brazos+Press&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.isbn=9781587431739&rft.au=Brad+Harper%2C+Paul+Louis+Metzger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvw7MqyQYtLkC%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bosworth-Toller, s.v. <i>sendness</i> (citing Wright, <i>Vocabularies</i> vol. 2, 1873), "mæsse" (citing <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfric_of_Eynsham" title="Ælfric of Eynsham">Ælfric of Eynsham</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> It is used by <a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a> (e.g.<i> Regula ad monachos</i>, PL 67, 1102B <i>Omni dominica sex missas facite</i>). Before this, it occurs singularly in a letter attributed to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Ambrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ambrose">Saint Ambrose</a> (d. 397), <i>Ego mansi in munere, missam facere coepi</i> (<i>ep.</i> 20.3, PL 16, 0995A ). F. Probst, <i>Liturgie der drei ersten christlichen Jahrhunderte</i>, 1870, 5f.). "the fragment in Pseudo-Ambrose, 'De sacramentis' (about 400. Cf. P.L., XVI, 443), and the letter of Pope Innocent I (401–17) to Decentius of Eugubium (P.L., XX, 553). In these documents we see that the Roman Liturgy is said in Latin and has already become in essence the rite we still use." (Fortescue 1910).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diez, "Etymol. Wörterbuch der roman. Sprachen", 212, and others). Fortescue, A. (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09790b.htm">Liturgy of the Mass</a>. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ducange-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ducange_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>De vocabuli origine variæ sunt Scriptorum sententiæ. Hanc enim quidam, ut idem Baronius, ab Hebræo Missah, id est, oblatio, arcessunt : alii a mittendo, quod nos mittat ad Deum</i> Du Cange, et al., <i>Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis</i>, éd. augm., Niort : L. Favre, 1883‑1887, t. 5, col. 412b, s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/MISSA4">4. missa</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pseudo-Alcuin-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pseudo-Alcuin_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>De divinis officiis</i>, formerly attributed to <a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a> but now dated to the late 9th or early 10th century, partly based on the works of <a href="/wiki/Amalarius" title="Amalarius">Amalarius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remigius_of_Auxerre" title="Remigius of Auxerre">Remigius of Auxerre</a>. M.-H. Jullien and F. Perelman, <i>Clavis Scriptorum Latinorum Medii Aevii. Auctores Galliae 735–987. II: Alcuin</i>, 1999, 133ff.; R. Sharpe, <i>A Handlist of the Latin Writers of Great Britain and Ireland before 1540</i> (1997, p. 45) attributes the entire work to Remigius.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Migne, <a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Latina" title="Patrologia Latina">PL</a> 101: <i>Alcuinus Incertus</i>, <i>De divinis officiis</i>, caput XL, <i>De celebratione missae et eius significatione</i> (1247A)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This explanation is attributed by Du Cange to <i>Gaufridus S Barbarae in Neustria</i> (<a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Saint_Victor" title="Godfrey of Saint Victor">Godfrey of Saint Victor</a>, fl. 1175), but it is found in the earlier <i>De divinis officiis</i> by Rupert of Deutz (<i>Rupertus Tuitiensis</i>), caput XXIII, <i>De ornatu altaris vel templi</i>: <i>Sacrosanctum altaris ministerium idcirco, ut dictum est, missa dicitur, quia ad placationem inimicitiarum, quae erant inter Deum et homines, sola valens et idonea mittitur legatio.</i> <a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Latina" title="Patrologia Latina">PL</a> 170, 52A.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit_Mass-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brit_Mass_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/mass-music">"Mass: Music"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. 11 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mass%3A+Music&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2007-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fmass-music&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P3X.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church – IntraText"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+%E2%80%93+IntraText&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P3X.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bahr2009-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bahr2009_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahr2009" class="citation book cs1">Bahr, Ann Marie B. (1 January 2009). <i>Christianity</i>. Infobase Publishing. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438106397" title="Special:BookSources/9781438106397"><bdi>9781438106397</bdi></a>. <q>Anglicans worship with a service that may be called either Holy Eucharist or the Mass. Like the Lutheran Eucharist, it is very similar to the Catholic Mass.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.isbn=9781438106397&rft.aulast=Bahr&rft.aufirst=Ann+Marie+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-University2004-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-University2004_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerl2004" class="citation book cs1">Herl, Joseph (1 July 2004). <i>Worship Wars in Early Lutheranism</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195348309" title="Special:BookSources/9780195348309"><bdi>9780195348309</bdi></a>. <q>There is evidence that the late sixteenth-century Catholic mass as held in Germany was quite similar in outward appearance to the Lutheran mass</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worship+Wars+in+Early+Lutheranism&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.isbn=9780195348309&rft.aulast=Herl&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dimock2006-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dimock2006_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimock2006" class="citation book cs1">Dimock, Giles (2006). <i>101 Questions and Answers on the Eucharist</i>. Paulist Press. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809143658" title="Special:BookSources/9780809143658"><bdi>9780809143658</bdi></a>. <q>Thus Anglican Eucharist is not the same as Catholic Mass or the Divine Liturgy celebrated by Eastern Catholics or Eastern Orthodox. Therefore Catholics may not receive at an Anglican Eucharist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=101+Questions+and+Answers+on+the+Eucharist&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780809143658&rft.aulast=Dimock&rft.aufirst=Giles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unitatis-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Unitatis_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unitatis_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_unitatis-redintegratio_en.html">"Unitatis Redintegratio (Decree on Ecumenism), Section 22"</a>. Vatican<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2013</span>. <q>Though the ecclesial Communities which are separated from us lack the fullness of unity with us flowing from Baptism, and though we believe they have not retained the proper reality of the eucharistic mystery in its fullness, especially because of the absence of the sacrament of Orders, nevertheless when they commemorate His death and resurrection in the Lord's Supper, they profess that it signifies life in communion with Christ and look forward to His coming in glory. Therefore the teaching concerning the Lord's Supper, the other sacraments, worship, the ministry of the Church, must be the subject of the dialogue.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unitatis+Redintegratio+%28Decree+on+Ecumenism%29%2C+Section+22&rft.pub=Vatican&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fhist_councils%2Fii_vatican_council%2Fdocuments%2Fvat-ii_decree_19641121_unitatis-redintegratio_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rausch2005-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rausch2005_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRausch2005" class="citation book cs1">Rausch, Thomas P. (2005). <i>Towards a Truly Catholic Church: An Ecclesiology for the Third Millennium</i>. Liturgical Press. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814651872" title="Special:BookSources/9780814651872"><bdi>9780814651872</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Towards+a+Truly+Catholic+Church%3A+An+Ecclesiology+for+the+Third+Millennium&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780814651872&rft.aulast=Rausch&rft.aufirst=Thomas+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicbishops.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Order-of-Mass.pdf"><i>Order of the Mass</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrigassy1991" class="citation book cs1">Grigassy, Daniel (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://litpress.org/Products/5788/The-New-Dictionary-of-Sacramental-Worship"><i>New Dictionary of Sacramental Worship</i></a>. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press. pp. 944f. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814657881" title="Special:BookSources/9780814657881"><bdi>9780814657881</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Dictionary+of+Sacramental+Worship&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+MN&rft.pages=944f&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780814657881&rft.aulast=Grigassy&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flitpress.org%2FProducts%2F5788%2FThe-New-Dictionary-of-Sacramental-Worship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPecklers2010" class="citation book cs1">Pecklers, Keith (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://litpress.org/Products/6021/The-Genius-of-the-Roman-Rite"><i>The Genius of the Roman Rite</i></a>. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814660218" title="Special:BookSources/9780814660218"><bdi>9780814660218</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genius+of+the+Roman+Rite&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+MN&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780814660218&rft.aulast=Pecklers&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flitpress.org%2FProducts%2F6021%2FThe-Genius-of-the-Roman-Rite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeon-Dufour1988" class="citation book cs1">Leon-Dufour, Xavier (1988). <i>Sharing the Eucharist Bread: The Witness of the New Testament Xavier Leon-Dufour</i>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0225665321" title="Special:BookSources/978-0225665321"><bdi>978-0225665321</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sharing+the+Eucharist+Bread%3A+The+Witness+of+the+New+Testament+Xavier+Leon-Dufour&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0225665321&rft.aulast=Leon-Dufour&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeil1991" class="citation book cs1">Weil, Louis (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://litpress.org/Products/5788/The-New-Dictionary-of-Sacramental-Worship"><i>New Dictionary of Sacramental Worship</i></a>. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press. pp. 949ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814657881" title="Special:BookSources/9780814657881"><bdi>9780814657881</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Dictionary+of+Sacramental+Worship&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+MN&rft.pages=949ff&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780814657881&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flitpress.org%2FProducts%2F5788%2FThe-New-Dictionary-of-Sacramental-Worship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catholic_Definitions-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Definitions_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07448a.htm">"Homily"</a>. The Catholic Encyclopedia (1910).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homily&rft.pub=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia+%281910%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F07448a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2022:19&version=nrsv">Luke 22:19</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2011:24–25&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 11:24–25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 79c</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJungmann,_SJ1948" class="citation book cs1">Jungmann, SJ, Josef (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccwatershed.org/media/pdfs/14/01/25/13-21-48_0.pdf"><i>Mass of the Roman Rite</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 101–259.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mass+of+the+Roman+Rite&rft.pages=101-259&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Jungmann%2C+SJ&rft.aufirst=Josef&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccwatershed.org%2Fmedia%2Fpdfs%2F14%2F01%2F25%2F13-21-48_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GIRM,_160-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GIRM,_160_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html"><i>Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church # 291</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+the+Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+%23+291&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fcompendium_ccc%2Fdocuments%2Farchive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GIRM,_86-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GIRM,_86_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GIRM, paragraph 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicbishops.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Order-of-Mass.pdf"><i>Catholic Sacramentary</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ICEL. 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Sacramentary&rft.pub=ICEL&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicbishops.ie%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F02%2FOrder-of-Mass.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antiochian.org/dashboard?name=Western%20Rite%20Vicariate">"Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America"</a>. <i>www.antiochian.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.antiochian.org&rft.atitle=Antiochian+Orthodox+Christian+Archdiocese+of+North+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiochian.org%2Fdashboard%3Fname%3DWestern%2520Rite%2520Vicariate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuther1952" class="citation journal cs1">Reuther, Thomas (1952-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.csl.edu/bdiv/385">"The Background and Objectives of Luther's Formula Missae and Deutsche Messe"</a>. <i>Bachelor of Divinity</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bachelor+of+Divinity&rft.atitle=The+Background+and+Objectives+of+Luther%27s+Formula+Missae+and+Deutsche+Messe&rft.date=1952-06-01&rft.aulast=Reuther&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.csl.edu%2Fbdiv%2F385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHope1995" class="citation book cs1">Hope, Nicholas (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DFL2GNDHPdYC"><i>German and Scandinavian Protestantism 1700 to 1918</i></a>. Oxford University Press, Inc. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-826994-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-826994-3"><bdi>0-19-826994-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+and+Scandinavian+Protestantism+1700+to+1918&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-826994-3&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDFL2GNDHPdYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span>; see also <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Messe" title="Deutsche Messe">Deutsche Messe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreus" class="citation web cs1">Preus, Klemet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://storage.cloversites.com/gloryofchrist/documents/COMMUNION%20EVERY%20SUNDAY.htm">"Communion Every Sunday: Why?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communion+Every+Sunday%3A+Why%3F&rft.aulast=Preus&rft.aufirst=Klemet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstorage.cloversites.com%2Fgloryofchrist%2Fdocuments%2FCOMMUNION%2520EVERY%2520SUNDAY.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://download.elca.org/ELCA%20Resource%20Repository/Why_and_how_do_we_move_to_weekly_Communion.pdf?_ga=2.175738850.1187182653.1592852162-1226229180.1592852162">"Why and how do we move to weekly communion?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Evangelical Lutheran Church of America</i>. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evangelical+Lutheran+Church+of+America&rft.atitle=Why+and+how+do+we+move+to+weekly+communion%3F&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownload.elca.org%2FELCA%2520Resource%2520Repository%2FWhy_and_how_do_we_move_to_weekly_Communion.pdf%3F_ga%3D2.175738850.1187182653.1592852162-1226229180.1592852162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anglicansonline.org/basics/catechism.html#The%20Holy%20Eucharist">"The Catechism (1979 Book of Common Prayer): The Holy Eucharist"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Catechism+%281979+Book+of+Common+Prayer%29%3A+The+Holy+Eucharist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanglicansonline.org%2Fbasics%2Fcatechism.html%23The%2520Holy%2520Eucharist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacCulloch_1996_412-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacCulloch_1996_412_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacCulloch_1996_412_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCulloch1996" class="citation book cs1">MacCulloch, Diarmaid (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerlif0000macc"><i>Thomas Cranmer</i></a></span>. London: Yale UP. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerlif0000macc/page/412">412</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Cranmer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=Yale+UP&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=MacCulloch&rft.aufirst=Diarmaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthomascranmerlif0000macc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCulloch1996" class="citation book cs1">MacCulloch, Diarmaid (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerlif0000macc"><i>Thomas Cranmer</i></a></span>. London: Yale UP. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerlif0000macc/page/404">404</a>–8 & 629.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Cranmer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=404-8+%26+629&rft.pub=Yale+UP&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=MacCulloch&rft.aufirst=Diarmaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthomascranmerlif0000macc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeill1960" class="citation book cs1">Neill, Stephen (1960). <i>Anglicanism</i>. London: Penguin. p. 152,3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglicanism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=152%2C3&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Neill&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeddon1996" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Seddon, Philip (1996). "Word and Sacrament". In Bunting, Ian (ed.). <i>Celebrating the Anglican Way</i>. London: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 107,8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Word+and+Sacrament&rft.btitle=Celebrating+the+Anglican+Way&rft.place=London&rft.pages=107%2C8&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Seddon&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book of Common Prayer p. 355 Holy Eucharist Rite II</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wainwright2006-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wainwright2006_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWesterfield_Tucker2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karen_B._Westerfield_Tucker" title="Karen B. Westerfield Tucker">Westerfield Tucker, Karen B.</a> (2006). "North America". In <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wainwright" title="Geoffrey Wainwright">Wainwright, Geoffrey</a>; <a href="/wiki/Karen_B._Westerfield_Tucker" title="Karen B. Westerfield Tucker">Westerfield Tucker, Karen B.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_History_of_Christian_Worship" title="The Oxford History of Christian Worship">The Oxford History of Christian Worship</a></i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 602. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195138863" title="Special:BookSources/9780195138863"><bdi>9780195138863</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=North+America&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Christian+Worship&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=602&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780195138863&rft.aulast=Westerfield+Tucker&rft.aufirst=Karen+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckwith" class="citation book cs1">Beckwith, R.T. <i>Methodism and the Mass</i>. <a href="/wiki/Church_Society" title="Church Society">Church Society</a>. p. 116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Methodism+and+the+Mass&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Church+Society&rft.aulast=Beckwith&rft.aufirst=R.T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FMC-BOD2007-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FMC-BOD2007_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FMC-BOD2007_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_W._KendallBarbara_FoxCarolyn_Martin_Vernon_Snyder2008" class="citation book cs1">David W. Kendall; Barbara Fox; Carolyn Martin Vernon Snyder, eds. (2008). <i>2007 Book of Discipline</i>. <a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a>. pp. 219–223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2007+Book+of+Discipline&rft.pages=219-223&rft.pub=Free+Methodist+Church&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2013" class="citation web cs1">Carpenter, Marian (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianahistory.org/wp-content/uploads/donald-c-lacy-collection.pdf">"Donald C. Lacy Collection: 1954 – 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Indiana Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>Lacy also published fourteen books and pamphlets. His first pamphlet, Methodist Mass (1971), became a model for current United Methodist liturgical expression. Lacy's goal was to make ecumenism a reality by blending the United Methodist Order for the Administration of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper or Holy Communion and "The New Order of Mass" in the Roman Catholic Church.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+C.+Lacy+Collection%3A+1954+%E2%80%93+2011&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianahistory.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fdonald-c-lacy-collection.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425233238/http://www.romanmissal.ca/GIRM.pdf"><i>The General Instruction of the Roman Missal</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops Publication Service. 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88997-655-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88997-655-9"><bdi>978-0-88997-655-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanmissal.ca/GIRM.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+General+Instruction+of+the+Roman+Missal&rft.pub=Canadian+Conference+of+Catholic+Bishops+Publication+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-88997-655-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanmissal.ca%2FGIRM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span> (GIRM)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Balzaretti, C., (2000). <i>Missa: storia di una secolare ricerca etimologica ancora aperta</i>. Edizioni Liturgiche</li> <li>Baldovin, SJ, John F., (2008). <i>Reforming the Liturgy: A Response to the Critics.</i> The Liturgical Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerington1830" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Berington" title="Joseph Berington">Berington, Joseph</a> (1830). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Faith of Catholics/Section 2#263"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Faith_of_Catholics/Section_2#263">"The Sacrifice of the Mass." </a></span>. <i>The Faith of Catholics: confirmed by Scripture, and attested by the Fathers of the five first centuries of the Church, Volume 1</i>. Jos. Booker.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sacrifice+of+the+Mass.&rft.btitle=The+Faith+of+Catholics%3A+confirmed+by+Scripture%2C+and+attested+by+the+Fathers+of+the+five+first+centuries+of+the+Church%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Jos.+Booker.&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Berington&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bugnini, Annibale (Archbishop), (1990). <i>The Reform of the Liturgy 1948–1975.</i> The Liturgical Press.</li> <li>Donghi, Antonio, (2009). <i>Words and Gestures in the Liturgy</i>. The Liturgical Press.</li> <li>Foley, Edward. <i>From Age to Age: How Christians Have Celebrated the Eucharist</i>, Revised and Expanded Edition. The Liturgical Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFr._Nikolaus_Gihr1902" class="citation book cs1">Fr. Nikolaus Gihr (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holysacrificeofm00gihriala"><i>The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass: Dogmatically, Liturgically, and Ascetically Explained</i></a>. St. Louis: Freiburg im Breisgau. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/262469879">262469879</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Sacrifice+of+the+Mass%3A+Dogmatically%2C+Liturgically%2C+and+Ascetically+Explained&rft.place=St.+Louis&rft.pub=Freiburg+im+Breisgau&rft.date=1902&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F262469879&rft.au=Fr.+Nikolaus+Gihr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fholysacrificeofm00gihriala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+%28liturgy%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Johnson, Lawrence J., (2009). <i>Worship in the Early Church: An Anthology of Historical Sources</i>. The Liturgical Press.</li> <li>Jungmann, Josef Andreas, (1948). <i>Missarum Sollemnia. A genetic explanation of the Roman Mass</i> (2 volumes). Herder, Vienna. First edition, 1948; 2nd Edition, 1949, 5th edition, Herder, Vienna-Freiburg-Basel, and Nova & Vetera, Bonn, 1962, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-936741-13-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-936741-13-1">3-936741-13-1</a>.</li> <li>Marini, Piero (Archbishop), (2007). <i>A Challenging Reform: Realizing the Vision of the Liturgical Renewal</i>. The Liturgical Press.</li> <li>Martimort, A.G. (editor). <i>The Church At Prayer</i>. The Liturgical Press.</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Stuckwisch, Richard, (2011). <i>Philip Melanchthon and the Lutheran Confession of Eucharistic Sacrifice</i>. Repristination Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_(liturgy)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mass" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:mass">mass</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mass_(liturgy)" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Mass (liturgy)">Mass (liturgy)</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass_(liturgy)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mass (liturgy)">Mass (liturgy)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mass" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mass">Mass</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <p><b>Present form of the Roman Rite</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicbishops.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Order-of-Mass.pdf">The Order of Mass</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veotag.com/player/Default.aspx?pid=0ec8c51c-1f0c-4ca9-9b84-d7470540eb53">Fr. Larry Fama's Instructional Mass</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719123318/http://www.veotag.com/player/Default.aspx?pid=0ec8c51c-1f0c-4ca9-9b84-d7470540eb53">Archived</a> 2011-07-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/nab/today.shtml">Today's Mass readings</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_American_Bible" title="New American Bible">New American Bible</a> version)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universalis.com/mass.htm">The Readings of the Mass</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem Bible</a> version)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217152427/http://www.corkandross.org/feeds.jsp?feedtype=reading&lang=eng&nextsun=yes">Mass Readings</a> (text in official Lectionary for Ireland, Australia, Britain, New Zealand etc.)</li></ul> <p><b>Tridentine Mass</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liturgies.net/Liturgies/Catholic/TridentineLatinEnglish.htm">Text of the Tridentine Mass in Latin and English</a></li></ul> <p><b>Anglicanism</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224201237/http://societies.anglican.org/anglocatholic/anglicanmissal/missal.htm">The Anglican Missal online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources">The Book of Common Prayer (1662) and Common Worship (2002)</a></li></ul> <p><b>Lutheran doctrine</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630181214/http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/gudstjanstbanken/service_book/index.htm">The Church of Sweden Service Book</a> including the orders for High and Low Mass</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Forms and uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">After the Second Vatican Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a> (Ordinary Form)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa Cantata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sine_populo" title="Sine populo">sine populo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_Mass" title="Votive Mass">Votive Mass</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ritual_Masses" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ritual_Masses" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual Masses">Ritual Masses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mass" title="Blue Mass">Blue Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_and_Conventual_Mass" title="Chapter and Conventual Mass">Chapter and Conventual Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Mass" title="Coronation Mass">Coronation Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Mass">Gold Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuptial_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuptial Mass">Nuptial Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Mass">Rose Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Month%27s_mind" title="Month's mind">Month's mind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mass">White Mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">Vernacular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Order of Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Pre-Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesting_prayers" title="Vesting prayers">Vesting prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges me</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidi_aquam" title="Vidi aquam">Vidi aquam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_hymn" title="Processional hymn">Processional hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Liturgy of<br />the Word</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_43" title="Psalm 43">Psalm 43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">Entrance Antiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Act" title="Penitential Act">Penitential Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confiteor" title="Confiteor">Confiteor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominus_vobiscum" title="Dominus vobiscum">Dominus vobiscum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oremus" title="Oremus">Oremus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms#Roman_Catholic_usage" title="Psalms">Responsorial Psalm</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistle (liturgy)">Epistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleluia#Roman_Rite" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tract_(liturgy)" title="Tract (liturgy)">Tract</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sequence_(musical_form)" title="Sequence (musical form)">sequence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)#Uses_in_the_Western_Churches" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credo" title="Credo">Credo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Intercessions" title="General Intercessions">Universal Prayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Liturgy of<br />the Eucharist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orate_fratres" title="Orate fratres">Orate fratres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Secret_(liturgy)" title="Secret (liturgy)">prayer over the gifts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preface_(liturgy)" title="Preface (liturgy)">Preface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sursum_corda" title="Sursum corda">Sursum corda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hosanna" title="Hosanna">Hosanna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Eucharistic Prayer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Canon_of_the_Mass" title="Canon of the Mass">Canon of the Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oblation" title="Oblation">oblation</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">epiclesis</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution" title="Words of Institution">Words of Institution</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)" title="Elevation (liturgy)">elevation</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">anamnesis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">texts and rubrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_digits" title="Canonical digits">Canonical digits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">Roman Canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="History of the Roman Canon">history</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Acclamation" title="Memorial Acclamation">Memorial Acclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embolism_(liturgy)" title="Embolism (liturgy)">embolism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_doxology" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic doxology">doxology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_(liturgy)" title="Pax (liturgy)">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Sign of peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dona_nobis_pacem" title="Dona nobis pacem">Dona nobis pacem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)" title="Fraction (religion)">Fraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Holy Communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communion_(chant)" title="Communion (chant)">Communion antiphon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcommunion" title="Postcommunion">Postcommunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(liturgy)" title="Dismissal (liturgy)">Dismissal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benedicamus_Domino" title="Benedicamus Domino">Benedicamus Domino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Gospel" title="Last Gospel">Last Gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Post-Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_Prayers" title="Leonine Prayers">Leonine Prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recessional_hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessional hymn">Recessional hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">Altar server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_altar_servers" title="Female altar servers">female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat boy">Boat boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(Christianity)" title="Cantor (Christianity)">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifer" title="Crucifer">Crucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_minister_of_Holy_Communion" title="Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion">Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_congress" title="Eucharistic congress">Eucharistic Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lector" title="Lector">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_usher" title="Church usher">Usher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Altar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar crucifix">Altar crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_rail" title="Altar rail">Altar rails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">Ambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antependium" title="Antependium">Antependium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)#Candles_and_candlesticks" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Candles and candlesticks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_candlestick_(Catholic_Church)" title="Triple candlestick (Catholic Church)">Triple candlestick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">Paschal candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_lamp" title="Sanctuary lamp">Sanctuary lamp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice_veil" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalice veil">Chalice veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_bench" title="Communion bench">Communion bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_(liturgy)" title="Corporal (liturgy)">Corporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credence_table" title="Credence table">Credence table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneeler" title="Kneeler">Kneeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misericord" title="Misericord">Misericord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pall_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pall (liturgy)">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscina" title="Piscina">Piscina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purificator" class="mw-redirect" title="Purificator">Purificator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rood" title="Rood">Rood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Liturgical<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Altar bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday#Christian_use_of_ashes" title="Ash Wednesday">Ashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspergillum" title="Aspergillum">Aspergillum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">Censer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">Chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(container)" title="Ciborium (container)">Ciborium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotalus_(instrument)" title="Crotalus (instrument)">Crotalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offertory#Collection_of_alms" title="Offertory">Collection basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion-plate" title="Communion-plate">Communion-plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruet" title="Cruet">Cruet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeliary" title="Evangeliary">Evangeliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistula_(liturgical_object)" title="Fistula (liturgical object)">Fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabellum" title="Flabellum">Flabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funghellino" title="Funghellino">Funghellino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">Holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense#Christianity" title="Religious use of incense">use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuterge" title="Manuterge">Manuterge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paten" title="Paten">Paten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyx" title="Pyx">Pyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">wafer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">Sacramental wine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible" title="Thurible">Thurible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_books_of_the_Roman_Rite" title="Liturgical books of the Roman Rite">Liturgical books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphonary" title="Antiphonary">Antiphonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6remoniale_Episcoporum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cæremoniale Episcoporum">Ceremonial of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_(liturgy)" title="Customary (liturgy)">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gradual" title="Roman Gradual">Roman Gradual</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graduale_Simplex" title="Graduale Simplex">Graduale Simplex</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">Vestments</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">Alb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amice" title="Amice">Amice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuble" title="Chasuble">Chasuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">Dalmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_sandals" title="Episcopal sandals">Episcopal sandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humeral_veil" title="Humeral veil">Humeral veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">Pallium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">Pontifical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)" title="Stole (vestment)">Stole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">Surplice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunicle" title="Tunicle">Tunicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimpa" title="Vimpa">Vimpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year#Catholic_Church_liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Calendars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Tridentine calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">General Roman Calendar of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">General Roman Calendar of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> (current)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascensiontide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline#Catholic_practice" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic<br />discipline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abstemius" title="Abstemius">Abstemius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concelebration" title="Concelebration">Concelebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_etiquette" title="Church etiquette">Church etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_communion" title="Closed communion">Closed communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844">Canon 844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_the_developmentally_disabled" title="Communion and the developmentally disabled">Communion and the developmentally disabled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">Communion under both kinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church#Eucharistic_Fast" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Eucharistic fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Communion" title="First Communion">First Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequent_Communion" title="Frequent Communion">Frequent Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuflection" title="Genuflection">Genuflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">Head cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_communion" title="Infant communion">Infant communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intinction" title="Intinction">Intinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_sacrament" title="Reserved sacrament">Reserved sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">wine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_communion" title="Spiritual communion">Spiritual communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_after_Communion" title="Thanksgiving after Communion">Thanksgiving after Communion</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anima_Christi" title="Anima Christi">Anima Christi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viaticum" title="Viaticum">Viaticum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharistic theology">Eucharistic<br />theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Blood of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiousion" title="Epiousion">Epiousion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Grace in Christianity">Grace</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_Christi" title="In persona Christi">In persona Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_roots_of_Catholic_Eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology">Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">Koinonia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirae_caritatis" title="Mirae caritatis">Mirae caritatis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterium_fidei_(encyclical)" title="Mysterium fidei (encyclical)"><i>Mysterium fidei</i> (encyclical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Eucharist" title="Origin of the Eucharist">Origin of the Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvific nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_Melchizedek" title="Priesthood of Melchizedek">Priesthood of Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist#Catholic:_Objective,_substantial_and_entire" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Eucharist" title="Year of the Eucharist">Year of the Eucharist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Regulations<br />and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accentus" title="Accentus">Accentus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">Ad orientem</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Versus_populum" title="Versus populum">versus populum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(liturgy)" title="Commemoration (liturgy)">Commemoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">Intercession of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mass" title="Order of Mass">Ordinary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proper_(liturgy)" title="Proper (liturgy)">Propers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pro_multis" title="Pro multis">Pro multis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Agape feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_of_the_Apostolic_Tradition" title="Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition">Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Christian prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">effects of prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" title="Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Dicastery for Divine Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_de_Eucharistia" title="Ecclesia de Eucharistia">Ecclesia de Eucharistia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Eucharistic adoration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">benediction</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominicae_cenae" title="Dominicae cenae">Dominicae Cenae</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Holy_Hour" title="Holy Hour">Holy Hour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_miracle" title="Eucharistic miracle">Eucharistic miracle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fermentum" title="Fermentum">Fermentum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelineau_psalmody" title="Gelineau psalmody">Gelineau psalmody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="History of the Roman Canon">History of the Roman Canon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lex_orandi,_lex_credendi" title="Lex orandi, lex credendi">Lex orandi, lex credendi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Movement" title="Liturgical Movement">Liturgical Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII">Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mediator_Dei" title="Mediator Dei">Mediator Dei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missale_Romanum_(apostolic_constitution)" title="Missale Romanum (apostolic constitution)"><i>Missale Romanum</i> (apostolic constitution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Catholic_liturgical_music" title="Contemporary Catholic liturgical music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum concilium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stercoranism" title="Stercoranism">Stercoranism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tra_le_sollecitudini" title="Tra le sollecitudini">Tra le sollecitudini</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Liturgical year of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Liturgical year of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liturgical year of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: #ffea7d; font-weight: normal;"><div id="Ordinary_Form_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Latin_Church_(1969_Calendar)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Ordinary Form</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">1969 Calendar</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Sunday" title="Advent Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sunday of Advent">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Sunday of Advent">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">December 17 to 23</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/250px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/375px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/500px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmas Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Mary, Mother of God</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Baptism_of_the_Lord" title="Feast of the Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Presentation of the Lord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Sunday" title="Quadragesima Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">5th</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">2nd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sunday" title="Divine Mercy Sunday">Divine Mercy Sunday</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventh_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seventh Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">7th</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Feast of the Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of John the Baptist">Nativity of John the Baptist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: #ffea7d; font-weight: normal;"><div id="Tridentine_Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Latin_Church_(1960_Calendar)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">1960 Calendar</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sunday of Advent">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sunday of Advent">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Sunday of Advent">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rorate_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Rorate Mass">Rorate Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">Greater Ferias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Winter Ember Days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Christmas Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Circumcision_of_Christ" title="Feast of the Circumcision of Christ">Octave Day of Christmas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus">Holy Name of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_season" title="Epiphany season">Epiphany Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Purification of Mary</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagesima" title="Sexagesima">Sexagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquagesima" title="Quinquagesima">Quinquagesima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Sunday" title="Quadragesima Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Spring Ember Days</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_procession" title="Holy Week procession">P</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae">Tenebrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Easter_parade" title="Easter parade">P</a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sundays after Easter <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventh_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seventh Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">6th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogation_days" title="Rogation days">Rogation Days</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></i><sup><a href="/wiki/Procession_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Procession of the Holy Blood">P</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_season" title="Pentecost season">Pentecost Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Summer Ember Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></i><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of John the Baptist">Saint John the Baptist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Most_Precious_Blood" title="Feast of the Most Precious Blood">Precious Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Autumn Ember Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Maternity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #ffea7d"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd>P = <a href="/wiki/Procession#Roman_Catholics" title="Procession">Ordinary Procession</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: gold;"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd><i>Italic font</i> marks the 10 <a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">holy days of obligation</a> in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Older calendars <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">1955</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">pre-1955</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Tridentine</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Computus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computus">Computus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Easter_cycle" title="Easter cycle">Easter cycle</a></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the 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liturgy">liturgies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism (Catholic Church)">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Eucharistic liturgies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_the_Presanctified_Gifts" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts">Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great">Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._John_Chrysostom" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom">Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Qurbono">Holy Qurbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa Cantata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal Mass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">Canonical hours</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgical hours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a> (nighttime)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauds" title="Lauds">Lauds</a> (early morning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)" title="Prime (liturgy)">Prime</a> (first hour of daylight)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terce" title="Terce">Terce</a> (third hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sext" title="Sext">Sext</a> (noon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nones_(liturgy)" title="Nones (liturgy)">Nones</a> (ninth hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">Vespers</a> (sunset/evening) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evensong" title="Evensong">Evensong</a> (Anglican Use Vespers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsha" title="Ramsha">Ramsha</a> (West Syriac Vespers)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compline" title="Compline">Compline</a> (end of the day)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other liturgical services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Exorcism in the Catholic Church">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_funeral" title="Catholic funeral">Funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procession#Catholic_Church" title="Procession">Procession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">Liturgical literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphonary" title="Antiphonary">Antiphonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_hours" title="Book of hours">Book of hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_(liturgy)" title="Customary (liturgy)">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horologion" title="Horologion">Horologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_Daily_Office" title="Divine Worship: Daily Office">Divine Worship: Daily Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical" title="Pontifical">Pontifical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal" title="Missal">Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Liturgical language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Liturgical<br />rites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin<br />liturgical rites</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Rite of Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">Extraordinary Form</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Rite" title="African Rite">African Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquileian_Rite" title="Aquileian Rite">Aquileian Rite</a></li> <li>British <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Rite" title="Durham Rite">Durham Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Hereford" title="Use of Hereford">Hereford Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Sarum" title="Use of Sarum">Sarum Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_York" title="Use of York">York Use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican Rite</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Nautica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa sicca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Venatoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic<br />Churches</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic<br />liturgy</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar rite">Malabar</a></li></ul></li></ul> 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