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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iron_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Iron Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iron_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viking_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viking_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Viking Age</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Viking_Age-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Viking Age subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Viking_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Danelaw" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danelaw"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Danelaw</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danelaw-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Frisia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historical texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_and_further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_and_further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources and further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_and_further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Danes (tribe)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="دانيون (قبيلة جرمانية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دانيون (قبيلة جرمانية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Даны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Дани – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дани" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Дансем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Дансем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1nov%C3%A9_(kmen)" title="Dánové (kmen) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dánové (kmen)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniaid_(llwyth_Almaenig)" title="Daniaid (llwyth Almaenig) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Daniaid (llwyth Almaenig)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daner" title="Daner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Daner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danos" title="Danos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Danos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniar" title="Daniar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Daniar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danois_(peuple_germanique)" title="Danois (peuple germanique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Danois (peuple germanique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danair" title="Danair – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Danair" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="데인인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데인인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dane" title="Dane – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dane" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dani_(popolo)" title="Dani (popolo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dani (popolo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_(%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99)" title="דנים (שבט גרמאני) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דנים (שבט גרמאני)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="デーン人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デーン人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daner" title="Daner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Daner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danar" title="Danar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Danar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danos" title="Danos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Danos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Даны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Даны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danci_(germansko_pleme)" title="Danci (germansko pleme) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Danci (germansko pleme)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daanit" title="Daanit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Daanit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daner" title="Daner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Daner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ชนเดนส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชนเดนส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danlar" title="Danlar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Danlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Дани – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дани" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="丹人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="丹人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q877429#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">North Germanic tribe</div> <p>The <b>Danes</b> were a <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_peoples" title="North Germanic peoples">North Germanic</a> tribe inhabiting southern <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>, including the area now comprising <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> proper, northern and eastern <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A5neland" title="Skåneland">the Scanian provinces</a> of modern-day southern Sweden, during the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic Iron Age">Nordic Iron Age</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a>. They founded what became the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Denmark" title="Etymology of Denmark">name of their realm</a> is believed to mean "<a href="/wiki/Danish_March" title="Danish March">Danish March</a>", viz. "the <a href="/wiki/Marches" class="mw-redirect" title="Marches">march</a> of the Danes", in <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>, referring to their southern border zone between the <a href="/wiki/Eider_(river)" title="Eider (river)">Eider</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schlei" title="Schlei">Schlei</a> rivers, known as the <a href="/wiki/Danevirke" title="Danevirke">Danevirke</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dan_(king)" title="Dan (king)">Dan (king)</a></div> <p>The origin of the Danes remains undetermined, but several ancient historical documents and texts refer to them and archaeology has revealed and continues to reveal insights into their culture, cultural beliefs, beliefs organization and way of life. </p><p>The Danes first appear in written history in the 6th century with references in Jordanes' <i><a href="/wiki/Getica" title="Getica">Getica</a></i> (551 CE), by <a href="/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius">Procopius</a>, and by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a>. In his description of <a href="/wiki/Scandza" title="Scandza">Scandza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a> says that the <b>Dani</b> were of the same stock as the <i>Suetidi</i> ("Swedes") and expelled the <a href="/wiki/Heruli" title="Heruli">Heruli</a> and took their lands. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> poems <i><a href="/wiki/Widsith" title="Widsith">Widsith</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i>, as well as works by later Scandinavian writers (notably by <a href="/wiki/Saxo_Grammaticus" title="Saxo Grammaticus">Saxo Grammaticus</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1200)), provide some of the original written references to the Danes. According to the 12th-century author <a href="/wiki/Sven_Aggesen" title="Sven Aggesen">Sven Aggesen</a>, the mythical King <a href="/wiki/Dan_(king)" title="Dan (king)">Dan</a> gave his name to the Danes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Danes spoke <a href="/wiki/Proto-Norse_language" title="Proto-Norse language">Proto-Norse</a> which gradually evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> language by the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a>. They spoke <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse"><i>dǫnsk tunga</i></a> (Danish tongue), which the Danes shared with the people in Norway and Sweden and later in Iceland and the Faroe Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like previous and contemporary people of Scandinavia, the Danes used <a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">runes</a> for writing, but did not write much apparently, as they have left no literary legacy except for occasional <a href="/wiki/Rune_stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Rune stones">rune stones</a> and carvings in wood and various items like weapons, utensils and jewellery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As previous and contemporary peoples of Scandinavia (the Vikings), the tribal Danes were practitioners of the <a href="/wiki/Norse_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse religion">Norse religion</a>. Around 500 CE, many of the gods of the <a href="/wiki/Norse_pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse pantheon">Norse pantheon</a> had lost their previous significance, except a few such as <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frey" class="mw-redirect" title="Frey">Frey</a> who were increasingly worshipped. During the 10th century of the late Viking Age, the Danes officially adopted <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, as evidenced by several rune stones, documents and church buildings. The new Christian influences also show in their art, jewellery and burial practices of the late Viking Age, but the transition was not rapid and definitive and older customs from the Norse religion remained to be practised to various degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-Hvad_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hvad-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some sources, such as the <i>Beowulf</i>, point to a very early <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a> in Denmark, but it has been a matter of intense academic debate for many years whether these sources reflect later adjustments or an actual early <a href="/wiki/Germanic_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic Christianity">Germanic Christianity</a> among the Danes in the Iron Age. There are several archaeological artefacts in and from Denmark however, made as early as the 500s, depicting <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a> among the lions, so the Danes must have had some knowledge of and influence from Arian cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-Hvad_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hvad-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jutland_sceatta_710_701247.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver coins from Ribe (c. 710–20). Odin and Christian cross symbols (left) and Norse pagan fantastic animal (right)."><img alt="Silver coins from Ribe (c. 710–20). Odin and Christian cross symbols (left) and Norse pagan fantastic animal (right)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Jutland_sceatta_710_701247.jpg/120px-Jutland_sceatta_710_701247.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Jutland_sceatta_710_701247.jpg/180px-Jutland_sceatta_710_701247.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Jutland_sceatta_710_701247.jpg/240px-Jutland_sceatta_710_701247.jpg 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sceat" title="Sceat">Silver coins</a> from Ribe (c. 710–20). <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a> and Christian cross symbols (left) and Norse pagan fantastic animal (right).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Odin_fra_Lejre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Odin from Lejre, (c. 900)."><img alt="Odin from Lejre, (c. 900)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Odin_fra_Lejre.jpg/120px-Odin_fra_Lejre.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Odin_fra_Lejre.jpg/180px-Odin_fra_Lejre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Odin_fra_Lejre.jpg/240px-Odin_fra_Lejre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="529" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Odin_from_Lejre" title="Odin from Lejre">Odin from Lejre</a>, (c. 900). </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stralsund,_Kopie_vom_Hiddenseer_Goldschmuck,_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_(2014-08-20)_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hiddensee treasure. Golden jewellery mixing Thor's hammer and the Christian cross (10th century)."><img alt="Hiddensee treasure. Golden jewellery mixing Thor's hammer and the Christian cross (10th century)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Stralsund%2C_Kopie_vom_Hiddenseer_Goldschmuck%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%282014-08-20%29_4.jpg/90px-Stralsund%2C_Kopie_vom_Hiddenseer_Goldschmuck%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%282014-08-20%29_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Stralsund%2C_Kopie_vom_Hiddenseer_Goldschmuck%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%282014-08-20%29_4.jpg/135px-Stralsund%2C_Kopie_vom_Hiddenseer_Goldschmuck%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%282014-08-20%29_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Stralsund%2C_Kopie_vom_Hiddenseer_Goldschmuck%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%282014-08-20%29_4.jpg/180px-Stralsund%2C_Kopie_vom_Hiddenseer_Goldschmuck%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%282014-08-20%29_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2194" data-file-height="2928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hiddensee_treasure" title="Hiddensee treasure">Hiddensee treasure</a>. Golden jewellery mixing <a href="/wiki/Thor%27s_hammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Thor's hammer">Thor's hammer</a> and the Christian cross (10th century). </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iron_Age">Iron Age</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Iron Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic Iron Age">Nordic Iron Age</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_west_from_the_earliest_hall_site.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/View_west_from_the_earliest_hall_site.jpg/220px-View_west_from_the_earliest_hall_site.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/View_west_from_the_earliest_hall_site.jpg/330px-View_west_from_the_earliest_hall_site.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/View_west_from_the_earliest_hall_site.jpg/440px-View_west_from_the_earliest_hall_site.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Site of the earliest Iron Age hall of the Danes in Lejre (c. 550 AD). The hall is outlined by darkened soil.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Nordic Iron Age, the Danes were based in present-day <a href="/wiki/Zealand" title="Zealand">Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scania" title="Scania">Scania</a> (and neighbouring parts of present-day Sweden). Until around the 6th century, Jutland was the homeland of two other Germanic tribes: the <a href="/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutes</a> in what is now North Jutland, and the <a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Angles</a> in South Jutland (especially <a href="/wiki/Angeln" title="Angeln">Angeln</a>). </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Widsith" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribes of Widsith">Widsith</a></i> mentions two semi-mythical kings in relation to the Danes of the Iron Age. <a href="/wiki/Sigar" title="Sigar">Sigar</a> who ruled the "Sea-Danes" and <a href="/wiki/Offa_of_Angel" title="Offa of Angel">Offa</a> who ruled both Danes and <a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Angles</a>. Centuries later, Saxo lists for the first time the Danes entire lineage of semi-mythical kings, starting from King Dan. As Saxo's texts are the first written accounts of Denmark's history, and hence the Danes, his sources are largely surviving legends, folk lore and word of mouth. </p><p>The royal seat and capital of the Danes was located on <a href="/wiki/Zealand" title="Zealand">Zealand</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lejre" title="Lejre">Lejre</a> and constituted what has later been dubbed the Lejre Kingdom, ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Skj%C3%B6ldung" class="mw-redirect" title="Skjöldung">Skjöldung</a> dynasty. </p><p>Some time around the middle of the <a href="/wiki/First_Millennium" class="mw-redirect" title="First Millennium">First Millennium</a>, both Jutland and Angeln became part of Danish kingdom or kingdoms. So was southern <a href="/wiki/Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig">Schleswig</a> (now the northernmost part of Germany) – the site of <a href="/wiki/Danevirke" title="Danevirke">Danevirke</a>, a large set of fortifications reportedly built by Danes to mark the southern border of their realm. It was extended several times in later centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viking_Age">Viking Age</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Viking Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_division_of_denmark_in_medieval_times.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Administrative_division_of_denmark_in_medieval_times.jpg/220px-Administrative_division_of_denmark_in_medieval_times.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Administrative_division_of_denmark_in_medieval_times.jpg/330px-Administrative_division_of_denmark_in_medieval_times.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Administrative_division_of_denmark_in_medieval_times.jpg/440px-Administrative_division_of_denmark_in_medieval_times.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5952" data-file-height="4336" /></a><figcaption>The extent of the Danish Realm before the expansion of the Viking Age. It is not known when, but the tribal Danes divided the realm into "<a href="/wiki/Herred" class="mw-redirect" title="Herred">herreder</a>" (marked by red lines).</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in the 8th century, the Danes initiated the construction of trading towns across their realm, including <a href="/wiki/Hedeby" title="Hedeby">Hedeby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ribe" title="Ribe">Ribe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viborg,_Denmark" title="Viborg, Denmark">Viborg</a> and expanded existing settlements such as <a href="/wiki/Odense" title="Odense">Odense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a>. Hedeby quickly grew to become the largest settlement in Scandinavia and remained so until its eventual destruction in the later half of the 11th century. </p><p>From around 800 CE, the Danes began a long era of well-organised raids across the coasts and rivers of Europe. Some of the raids were followed by a gradual succession of Danish settlers and during this epoch, large areas outside Scandinavia were settled by the Danes, including the Danelaw in England and countryside and newly established towns in Ireland, the Netherlands and northern France. In the early 11th century, King <a href="/wiki/Cnut_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnut the Great">Cnut the Great</a> (died 1035) ruled the extensive <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Empire" title="North Sea Empire">North Sea Empire</a> for nearly 20 years, consisting of Denmark, England, Norway, southern Sweden and parts of northern Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 10th century the royal seat of the Danes was moved from Lejre to <a href="/wiki/Jelling" title="Jelling">Jelling</a> in central Jutland, marking the foundation and consolidation of the Kingdom of Denmark. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Danelaw">Danelaw</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Danelaw"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, Danes landed three <a href="/wiki/Viking_ship" title="Viking ship">Viking ships</a> at the isle of <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Dorset" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland, Dorset">Portland, Dorset</a> in 786 CE, where they met and killed a local reeve and his men.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 793 CE, a Viking raid and plunder of the monastery at <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a> took place, but no further activity in England followed until 835 CE. In that year, the Danes raided and built a permanent camp on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Sheppey" title="Isle of Sheppey">Isle of Sheppey</a> in south east England and settling followed from 865, when brothers <a href="/wiki/Halfdan_Ragnarsson" title="Halfdan Ragnarsson">Halfdan Ragnarsson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivar_the_Boneless" title="Ivar the Boneless">Ivar the Boneless</a> wintered in <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a>. Halfdan and Ivar moved north and captured <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Northumbria">Northumbria</a> in 867 and <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> as well. <a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a> – a special rule of law – was soon established in the settled areas and shaped the local cultures there for centuries. Cultural remains are still noticeable today.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Danes first arrived in Ireland in 795 CE, at <a href="/wiki/Rathlin_Island" title="Rathlin Island">Rathlin Island</a>, initiating subsequent raids and fortified trade settlements, so called <a href="/wiki/Longphort" title="Longphort">longphorts</a>. During the Viking Age, they established many coastal towns including <a href="/wiki/Early_Scandinavian_Dublin" title="Early Scandinavian Dublin">Dublin</a> (Dyflin), <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Waterford" title="History of Waterford">Waterford</a> (Veðrafjǫrðr) and <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a> (Hlymrekr) and Danish settlers followed. There were many small skirmishes and larger battles with the native <a href="/wiki/Irish_clans" title="Irish clans">Irish clans</a> in the following two centuries, with the Danes sometimes siding with allied clans. In 1014 CE, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Battle of Clontarf</a>, the Vikings were eventually defeated and the remaining Danish settlers gradually assimilated with the Irish population.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frisia">Frisia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Frisia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The first Vikings appeared in <a href="/wiki/Frisia" title="Frisia">Frisia</a>, now part of the Netherlands and Germany, in 800 CE, when Danes plundered coastal settlements and later the trade town of <a href="/wiki/Dorestad" title="Dorestad">Dorestad</a> became a frequent target of raids. During this time, Frisia was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> and in the mid-9th century, the Danish chieftain of <a href="/wiki/Roric" class="mw-redirect" title="Roric">Roric</a> received the western parts of the Netherlands as a fief and established here.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Danes were probably involved in Frisia much earlier as <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a> (c. 538–594 CE) mentions a Danish king <a href="/wiki/Hygelac" title="Hygelac">Chlochilaichus</a> who was killed there while invading <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> territory in the early 6th century.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Normandy" title="History of Normandy">History of Normandy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BayeuxTapestryScene06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/BayeuxTapestryScene06.jpg/220px-BayeuxTapestryScene06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/BayeuxTapestryScene06.jpg/330px-BayeuxTapestryScene06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/BayeuxTapestryScene06.jpg/440px-BayeuxTapestryScene06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Viking_ship" title="Viking ship">Viking ships</a> on the Normandy coast. Scene from the <a href="/wiki/Bayeux_tapestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayeux tapestry">Bayeux tapestry</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first known Viking raid in what now constitutes France, commenced in 799, when an attack was fought off on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>. Several other smaller skirmishes with aggressive Vikings from primarily Danish territory have been recorded, including the first raid on the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> in 820, but it was not until the year 834 before Viking activity in France took off on a grand scale. In that year, Danes established a lasting base on <a href="/wiki/Noirmoutier" title="Noirmoutier">Noirmoutier</a> island, a central spot for the European salt trade at the time, and poured into the <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">Loire Valley</a> on larger raid expeditions. Many large scale raids followed all across the coasts and in-land rivers of Western Europe in subsequent decades.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the beginning of the 900s, Vikings had established an encampment and base in the lower parts of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> river around <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>. In an effort to stop or reduce the relentless raids, <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles the Simple</a> made a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Clair-sur-Epte" title="Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte">treaty in Saint-Clair-sur-Epte</a> with the Viking chieftain of <a href="/wiki/Rollo" title="Rollo">Rollo</a> in 911, granting Rollo and his Danish men authority over the area now known as <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>. This prompted Scandinavian settlers to establish themselves here and in the course of the next couple of centuries, the Norman culture emerged in Normandy.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_texts">Historical texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Historical texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beowulf_-_Dena_land.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Beowulf_-_Dena_land.jpg/220px-Beowulf_-_Dena_land.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Beowulf_-_Dena_land.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="73" /></a><figcaption>Beowulf: "<i>dena land</i>", 'the Danes land'. From a copy around the year 1000.</figcaption></figure> <p>Important historical documents that tell about the tribal Danes include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Widsith" title="Widsith">Widsith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i>. This poem describes an event in <a href="/wiki/Lejre" title="Lejre">Lejre</a> around the year 500 CE and was probably originally written shortly after.</li> <li>Saxo Grammaticus: <i>"<a href="/wiki/Gesta_Danorum" title="Gesta Danorum">Gesta Danorum</a>"</i> (Deeds of The Danes) written in the 12th century.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danes</a>, the present inhabitants of Denmark.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Getae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dacia (disambiguation)">Dacians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norsemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rus%27_people" title="Rus' people">Rus' people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varangians" title="Varangians">Varangians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danegeld" title="Danegeld">Danegeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Germanic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Germanic peoples">List of ancient Germanic peoples</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Vikings in Dorset might perhaps have originated from Norway and the exact time of the event is unclear, it took place between 786-793 CE. See <i>"The Vikings in History"</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rollo was most likely from Norway himself and the new settlers in Normandy were not Danes exclusively. See <i>"A History of the Vikings"</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnderson" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Carl Edlund. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1659454">"The Danish Tongue and Scandinavian Identity"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2013</span>. <q>Icelandic writers (who provide the bulk of our surviving documentation) commonly employed the term dǫnsk tunga (literally 'Danish tongue') to identify the language not just of those who were ruled by the Dana konungr, but of all Germanic-speaking Scandinavians.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Danish+Tongue+and+Scandinavian+Identity&rft.pages=1&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Carl+Edlund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1659454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADanes+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hvad-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hvad_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hvad_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Described in <i>"Hvad troede de på?"</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In northern Germany, the North Sea Empire included the area we now know as <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> and the island of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCgen" title="Rügen">Rügen</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Donald Logan: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7K2ywwGox6IC&dq=787+Danish+Dorset+Viking&pg=PA24">The Vikings in History</a></i>, p.22-24, Taylor & Francis (2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flores Historiarum: Rogeri de Wendover, Chronica sive flores historiarum, pp. 298–9. ed. H. Coxe, <a href="/wiki/Rolls_Series" title="Rolls Series">Rolls Series</a>, 84 (4 vols, 1841–42)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dochara.com/the-irish/ireland-history/vikings/">"The Vikings in Ireland: 800 CE–1169"</a>. <i>DoCharra.com</i>. 17 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DoCharra.com&rft.atitle=The+Vikings+in+Ireland%3A+800+CE%E2%80%931169&rft.date=2008-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dochara.com%2Fthe-irish%2Fireland-history%2Fvikings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADanes+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <i>"Viking Trade and Settlement in Continental Western Europ"</i> - Frisia in Carolingian Times (Egge Knol), p. 43ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Hunter_Blair1990" class="citation book cs1">Peter Hunter Blair (1990). <i>The World of Bede</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 28ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Bede&rft.pages=28ff&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Peter+Hunter+Blair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADanes+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._Donald_Logan2005" class="citation book cs1">F. Donald Logan (2005). "Chapter 5 (The Danes in the South)". <i>The Vikings in History</i>. Routledge. pp. 97–120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5+%28The+Danes+in+the+South%29&rft.btitle=The+Vikings+in+History&rft.pages=97-120&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.au=F.+Donald+Logan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADanes+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._D._Kendrick2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/T._D._Kendrick" title="T. D. Kendrick">T. D. Kendrick</a> (2004). <i>A History of the Vikings</i>. Dover Publications. p. 221.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Vikings&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.au=T.+D.+Kendrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADanes+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <i>"Viking Trade and Settlement in Continental Western Europe"</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_and_further_reading">Sources and further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danes_(tribe)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources and further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiels_Hybel2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Niels Hybel, ed. (2003). <i>Danmark i Europa (750-1300)</i> (in Danish). <a href="/wiki/Museum_Tusculanum_Press" title="Museum Tusculanum Press">Museum Tusculanum Press</a>, University of Copenhagen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danmark+i+Europa+%28750-1300%29&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press%2C+University+of+Copenhagen&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADanes+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mads Lidegaard (2004): <i>"Hvad troede de på? – religiøse tanker i oldtid og vikingetid" [What did they believe in? – religious thoughts in ancient times and the Viking Age]</i>, Gyldendal, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-02-02703-8" title="Special:BookSources/87-02-02703-8">87-02-02703-8</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lidegaard.dk/Familie/Mads.htm">Mads Lidegaard</a> (1915–2006) was a prolific writer, teacher and theologian from Denmark.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIben_Skibsted_Klæsøe2010" class="citation book cs1">Iben Skibsted Klæsøe, ed. (2010). <i>Viking Trade and Settlement in Continental Western Europe</i>. Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viking+Trade+and+Settlement+in+Continental+Western+Europe&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press%2C+University+of+Copenhagen&rft.date=2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADanes+%28tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germanic_peoples" title="Template:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germanic_peoples" title="Template talk:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germanic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Germanic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d5dcb0;"><div><a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistic_group" title="Ethnolinguistic group">Ethnolinguistic group</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern European</a> origin primarily identified as speakers of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman Iron Age">Pre-Roman Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Iron Age">Roman Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" title="Romano-Germanic culture">Romano-Germanic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic Iron Age">Germanic Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_culture" title="Early Germanic culture">Early culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_calendars" title="Early Germanic calendars">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_early_Germanic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Family in early Germanic culture">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_mythology" title="Germanic mythology">Folklore </a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_folklore" title="Proto-Germanic folklore">Proto-Germanic folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon mythology">Anglo-Saxon mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental Germanic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_funerary_practices" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic funerary practices">Funerary practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_burial_mounds" title="Anglo-Saxon burial mounds">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_funeral" title="Norse funeral">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_law" title="Germanic law">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_law" title="Anglo-Saxon law">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Scandinavian_law" title="Medieval Scandinavian law">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_literature" title="Old English literature">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_literature" title="Old Norse literature">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Numbers in Germanic paganism">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Paganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_paganism" title="Gothic paganism">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_in_Germanic_paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rings in Germanic paganism">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_culture#Scripts" title="Early Germanic culture">Scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic symbols">Symbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_warfare" title="Early Germanic warfare">Warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_warfare" title="Anglo-Saxon warfare">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_and_Vandal_warfare" title="Gothic and Vandal warfare">Gothic and Vandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_raid_warfare_and_tactics" title="Viking raid warfare and tactics">Viking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_parent_language" title="Germanic parent language">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germanic_languages" title="East Germanic languages">East Germanic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">North Germanic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Germanic_peoples" title="List of early Germanic peoples">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brisigavi" title="Brisigavi">Brisgavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucinobantes" title="Bucinobantes">Bucinobantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentienses" title="Lentienses">Lentienses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetovari" title="Raetovari">Raetovari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrabaecampi" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrabaecampi">Adrabaecampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrones" title="Ambrones">Ambrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampsivarii" title="Ampsivarii">Ampsivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angrivarii" title="Angrivarii">Angrivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armalausi" title="Armalausi">Armalausi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auiones" title="Auiones">Auiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avarpi" title="Avarpi">Avarpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baemi" title="Baemi">Baemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiuvarii" title="Baiuvarii">Baiuvarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banochaemae" title="Banochaemae">Banochaemae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastarnae" title="Bastarnae">Bastarnae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germani_cisrhenani" title="Germani cisrhenani">Germani cisrhenani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atuatuci" title="Atuatuci">Atuatuci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerosi" title="Caerosi">Caeroesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condrusi" title="Condrusi">Condrusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburones" title="Eburones">Eburones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paemani" title="Paemani">Paemani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segni_(tribe)" title="Segni (tribe)">Segni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morini" title="Morini">Morini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii">Nervii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateinoi" title="Bateinoi">Bateinoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baetasii" title="Baetasii">Betasii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brondings" title="Brondings">Brondings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bructeri" title="Bructeri">Bructeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_tribe" title="Buri tribe">Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cananefates" title="Cananefates">Cananefates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritni" title="Caritni">Caritni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuari" title="Casuari">Casuari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaedini" title="Chaedini">Chaedini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaemae" title="Chaemae">Chaemae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamavi" title="Chamavi">Chamavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chali" title="Chali">Chali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charudes" title="Charudes">Charudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuarii" title="Chasuarii">Chasuarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattuarii" title="Chattuarii">Chattuarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatti" title="Chatti">Chatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauci" title="Chauci">Chauci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherusci" title="Cherusci">Cherusci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbri" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobandi" title="Cobandi">Cobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corconti" title="Corconti">Corconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cugerni" title="Cugerni">Cugerni</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauciones" title="Dauciones">Dauciones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulgubnii" title="Dulgubnii">Dulgubnii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favonae" title="Favonae">Favonae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firaesi" title="Firaesi">Firaesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosi" title="Fosi">Fosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_Franks" title="Ripuarian Franks">Ripuarian Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks">Salian Franks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisiavones" title="Frisiavones">Frisiavones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisii" title="Frisii">Frisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambrivii" title="Gambrivii">Gambrivii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geats" title="Geats">Geats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepids" title="Gepids">Gepids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Goths" title="Crimean Goths">Crimean Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greuthungi" title="Greuthungi">Greuthungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutones" title="Gutones">Gutones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thervingi" title="Thervingi">Thervingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Goths" title="Thracian Goths">Thracian Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutes" title="Gutes">Gutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harii" title="Harii">Harii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermunduri" title="Hermunduri">Hermunduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heruli" title="Heruli">Heruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilleviones" title="Hilleviones">Hilleviones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingaevones" title="Ingaevones">Ingaevones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminones" title="Irminones">Irminones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istvaeones" title="Istvaeones">Istvaeones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juthungi" title="Juthungi">Juthungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacringi" title="Lacringi">Lacringi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemovii" title="Lemovii">Lemovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hea%C3%B0obards" title="Heaðobards">Heaðobards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugii" title="Lugii">Lugii</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diduni" title="Diduni">Diduni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helisii" class="mw-redirect" title="Helisii">Helisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helveconae" title="Helveconae">Helveconae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manimi" title="Manimi">Manimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahanarvali" title="Nahanarvali">Nahanarvali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomanni" title="Marcomanni">Marcomanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsacii" title="Marsacii">Marsacii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Marsi (Germanic tribe)">Marsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattiaci" title="Mattiaci">Mattiaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetes" title="Nemetes">Nemetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njars" title="Njars">Njars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuithones" title="Nuithones">Nuithones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osi_(tribe)" title="Osi (tribe)">Osi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadi" title="Quadi">Quadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reudigni" title="Reudigni">Reudigni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugii" title="Rugii">Rugii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugini" title="Rugini">Rugini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnones" title="Semnones">Semnones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicambri" title="Sicambri">Sicambri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciri" title="Sciri">Sciri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitones" title="Sitones">Sitones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suarines" title="Suarines">Suarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunici" title="Sunici">Sunici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedes_(tribe)" title="Swedes (tribe)">Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifals" title="Taifals">Taifals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencteri" title="Tencteri">Tencteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons">Teutons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelir" title="Thelir">Thelir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuringii" title="Thuringii">Thuringii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texandri" title="Texandri">Toxandri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treveri" title="Treveri">Treveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triboci" title="Triboci">Triboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubantes" title="Tubantes">Tubantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulingi" title="Tulingi">Tulingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungri" title="Tungri">Tungri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubii" title="Ubii">Ubii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usipetes" title="Usipetes">Usipetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagoth" title="Vagoth">Vagoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasdingi" title="Hasdingi">Hasdingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silingi" title="Silingi">Silingi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangiones" title="Vangiones">Vangiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varisci" title="Varisci">Varisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victohali" title="Victohali">Victohali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidivarii" title="Vidivarii">Vidivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoviloth" title="Vinoviloth">Vinoviloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warini" title="Warini">Warini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_the_Germanic_peoples" title="Christianisation of the Germanic peoples">Christianization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Christianity" title="Gothic Christianity">Gothic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Franks" title="Christianization of the Franks">Christianization of the Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England">Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Scandinavia" title="Christianization of Scandinavia">Christianization of Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iceland" title="Christianization of Iceland">Christianization of Iceland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" 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