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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>C</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>D</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-E" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#E"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>E</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-E-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-F" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#F"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>F</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-F-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-G" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#G"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>G</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-G-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-H" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#H"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>H</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-H-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-J" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#J"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>J</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-J-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-K" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#K"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>K</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-K-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>L</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>M</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-N" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#N"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>N</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-N-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-O" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>O</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-P" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#P"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16</span> <span>P</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-P-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-R" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#R"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.17</span> <span>R</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-R-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-S" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.18</span> <span>S</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-T" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#T"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.19</span> <span>T</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-T-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.20</span> <span>U</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-V" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#V"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.21</span> <span>V</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-V-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-W" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#W"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.22</span> <span>W</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-W-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Z" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Z"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.23</span> <span>Z</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Z-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85" title="مدرسة دسلدورف للرسم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدرسة دسلدورف للرسم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escuela_pict%C3%B3rica_de_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Escuela pictórica de Düsseldorf – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Escuela pictórica de Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_h%C5%8De-%C5%8De_ha%CC%8Dk-h%C4%81u" title="Düsseldorf hōe-ōe ha̍k-hāu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Düsseldorf hōe-ōe ha̍k-hāu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Дюселдорфска художествена школа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дюселдорфска художествена школа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escola_de_pintura_de_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Escola de pintura de Düsseldorf – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escola de pintura de Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfsk%C3%A1_mal%C3%AD%C5%99sk%C3%A1_%C5%A1kola" title="Düsseldorfská malířská škola – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Düsseldorfská malířská škola" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfer_Malerschule" title="Düsseldorfer Malerschule – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Düsseldorfer Malerschule" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escuela_pict%C3%B3rica_de_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Escuela pictórica de Düsseldorf – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escuela pictórica de Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duseldorfa_Pentroskolo" title="Duseldorfa Pentroskolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Duseldorfa Pentroskolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfeko_margolaritza_eskola" title="Düsseldorfeko margolaritza eskola – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Düsseldorfeko margolaritza eskola" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="مکتب نقاشی دوسلدورف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکتب نقاشی دوسلدورف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_peinture_de_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="École de peinture de Düsseldorf – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="École de peinture de Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%86%D5%AB_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Դյուսելդորֆի գեղարվեստական դպրոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դյուսելդորֆի գեղարվեստական դպրոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuola_di_pittura_di_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Scuola di pittura di Düsseldorf – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scuola di pittura di Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfskolen" title="Düsseldorfskolen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Düsseldorfskolen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfskulen" title="Düsseldorfskulen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Düsseldorfskulen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Дюссельдорфская школа живописи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дюссельдорфская школа живописи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" title="Düsseldorf school of painting – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Düsseldorf school of painting" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Диселдорфска школа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Диселдорфска школа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfska_slikarska_%C5%A1kola" title="Düsseldorfska slikarska škola – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Düsseldorfska slikarska škola" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfin_koulukunta" title="Düsseldorfin koulukunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Düsseldorfin koulukunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfskolan" title="Düsseldorfskolan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Düsseldorfskolan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Дюссельдорфська художня школа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дюссельдорфська художня школа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A1%9E%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1" title="杜塞道夫繪畫學校 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杜塞道夫繪畫學校" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">19th-century German school of painting</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Düsseldorf School" redirects here. For the music genre, see <a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a>. For the art school, see <a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Kunstakademie Düsseldorf</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting" title="Special:EditPage/Düsseldorf School of painting">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22D%C3%BCsseldorf+School+of+painting%22">"Düsseldorf School of painting"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22D%C3%BCsseldorf+School+of+painting%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22D%C3%BCsseldorf+School+of+painting%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22D%C3%BCsseldorf+School+of+painting%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22D%C3%BCsseldorf+School+of+painting%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22D%C3%BCsseldorf+School+of+painting%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Düsseldorf School of painting</b> is a term referring to a group of painters who taught or studied at the <a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf Academy</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf</a> or Düsseldorf State Art Academy) roughly between 1819 and 1918,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first directed by the painter <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Schadow" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm von Schadow">Wilhelm von Schadow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="About">About</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: About"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The work of the Düsseldorf School is characterized by finely detailed yet fanciful landscapes, often with religious or allegorical stories set in the landscapes. Major members of the Düsseldorf School advocated "<a href="/wiki/Plein_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Plein air">plein air</a> painting", and tended to use a <a href="/wiki/Palette_(painting)" title="Palette (painting)">palette</a> with relatively subdued and even colors. The Düsseldorf School derived from and was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Romantic_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic movement">Romantic movement</a>. Prominent members of the Düsselorf School included von Schadow, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Lessing" title="Karl Friedrich Lessing">Karl Friedrich Lessing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer" title="Johann Wilhelm Schirmer">Johann Wilhelm Schirmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Achenbach" title="Andreas Achenbach">Andreas Achenbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fredrik_Gude" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Fredrik Gude">Hans Fredrik Gude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Tidemand" title="Adolph Tidemand">Adolph Tidemand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach">Oswald Achenbach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Schr%C3%B6dter" title="Adolf Schrödter">Adolf Schrödter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-humboldt_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humboldt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Düsseldorf School had a significant influence on the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> in the United States, and many prominent Americans trained at the Düsseldorf Academy and show the influence of the Düsseldorf School, including <a href="/wiki/George_Caleb_Bingham" title="George Caleb Bingham">George Caleb Bingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Edward_Cronin" title="David Edward Cronin">David Edward Cronin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastman_Johnson" title="Eastman Johnson">Eastman Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worthington_Whittredge" title="Worthington Whittredge">Worthington Whittredge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Caton_Woodville" title="Richard Caton Woodville">Richard Caton Woodville</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_Haseltine" title="William Stanley Haseltine">William Stanley Haseltine</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_McDougal_Hart" title="James McDougal Hart">James McDougal Hart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Searle" title="Helen Searle">Helen Searle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Morris_Hunt" title="William Morris Hunt">William Morris Hunt</a>, as well as German émigré <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a>. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt" title="Albert Bierstadt">Albert Bierstadt</a> applied but was not accepted. His American friend <a href="/wiki/Worthington_Whittredge" title="Worthington Whittredge">Worthington Whittredge</a> became his teacher while attending Düsseldorf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_artists">Notable artists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_alte_Akademie_in_Duesseldorf_by_Andreas_Achenbach_1831.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Die_alte_Akademie_in_Duesseldorf_by_Andreas_Achenbach_1831.jpg/220px-Die_alte_Akademie_in_Duesseldorf_by_Andreas_Achenbach_1831.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Die_alte_Akademie_in_Duesseldorf_by_Andreas_Achenbach_1831.jpg/330px-Die_alte_Akademie_in_Duesseldorf_by_Andreas_Achenbach_1831.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Die_alte_Akademie_in_Duesseldorf_by_Andreas_Achenbach_1831.jpg/440px-Die_alte_Akademie_in_Duesseldorf_by_Andreas_Achenbach_1831.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption><i>The old "Academie of Düsseldorf"</i>, <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Achenbach" title="Andreas Achenbach">Andreas Achenbach</a>, 1831</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_Achenbach_-_Clearing_Up%E2%80%94Coast_of_Sicily_-_Walters_37116.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Andreas_Achenbach_-_Clearing_Up%E2%80%94Coast_of_Sicily_-_Walters_37116.jpg/220px-Andreas_Achenbach_-_Clearing_Up%E2%80%94Coast_of_Sicily_-_Walters_37116.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Andreas_Achenbach_-_Clearing_Up%E2%80%94Coast_of_Sicily_-_Walters_37116.jpg/330px-Andreas_Achenbach_-_Clearing_Up%E2%80%94Coast_of_Sicily_-_Walters_37116.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Andreas_Achenbach_-_Clearing_Up%E2%80%94Coast_of_Sicily_-_Walters_37116.jpg/440px-Andreas_Achenbach_-_Clearing_Up%E2%80%94Coast_of_Sicily_-_Walters_37116.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1298" /></a><figcaption><i>Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily</i>, <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Achenbach" title="Andreas Achenbach">Andreas Achenbach</a>, 1847, <a href="/wiki/The_Walters_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Walters Art Museum">The Walters Art Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Caleb_Bingham_-_Jolly_Flatboatmen_in_Port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/George_Caleb_Bingham_-_Jolly_Flatboatmen_in_Port.jpg/220px-George_Caleb_Bingham_-_Jolly_Flatboatmen_in_Port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/George_Caleb_Bingham_-_Jolly_Flatboatmen_in_Port.jpg/330px-George_Caleb_Bingham_-_Jolly_Flatboatmen_in_Port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/George_Caleb_Bingham_-_Jolly_Flatboatmen_in_Port.jpg/440px-George_Caleb_Bingham_-_Jolly_Flatboatmen_in_Port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4287" data-file-height="2888" /></a><figcaption><i>Jolly Flatboatmen in Port</i>, <a href="/wiki/George_Caleb_Bingham" title="George Caleb Bingham">George Caleb Bingham</a>, 1857</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erik_Bodom_-_Ruhe_nach_dem_Sturm_(1871).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Erik_Bodom_-_Ruhe_nach_dem_Sturm_%281871%29.jpg/220px-Erik_Bodom_-_Ruhe_nach_dem_Sturm_%281871%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Erik_Bodom_-_Ruhe_nach_dem_Sturm_%281871%29.jpg/330px-Erik_Bodom_-_Ruhe_nach_dem_Sturm_%281871%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Erik_Bodom_-_Ruhe_nach_dem_Sturm_%281871%29.jpg/440px-Erik_Bodom_-_Ruhe_nach_dem_Sturm_%281871%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2386" /></a><figcaption><i>Tranquillity after the Storm</i>, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Bodom" title="Erik Bodom">Erik Bodom</a>, 1871</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Dismal_Swamp-Fugitive_Slaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Great_Dismal_Swamp-Fugitive_Slaves.jpg/220px-Great_Dismal_Swamp-Fugitive_Slaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Great_Dismal_Swamp-Fugitive_Slaves.jpg/330px-Great_Dismal_Swamp-Fugitive_Slaves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Great_Dismal_Swamp-Fugitive_Slaves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons" title="Great Dismal Swamp maroons">Fugitive Slaves in the Dismal Swamp, Virginia</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/David_Edward_Cronin" title="David Edward Cronin">David Edward Cronin</a>, 1888</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCcker_Mere_rannal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/D%C3%BCcker_Mere_rannal.jpg/220px-D%C3%BCcker_Mere_rannal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/D%C3%BCcker_Mere_rannal.jpg/330px-D%C3%BCcker_Mere_rannal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/D%C3%BCcker_Mere_rannal.jpg/440px-D%C3%BCcker_Mere_rannal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption><i>On the Seashore</i>, <a href="/wiki/Eugen_D%C3%BCcker" title="Eugen Dücker">Eugen Dücker</a>, 1875</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veteranerna_av_Bengt_Nordenberg_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_30431.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Veteranerna_av_Bengt_Nordenberg_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_30431.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Veteranerna_av_Bengt_Nordenberg_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_30431.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Veteranerna_av_Bengt_Nordenberg_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_30431.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Veteranerna_av_Bengt_Nordenberg_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_30431.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Veteranerna_av_Bengt_Nordenberg_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_30431.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Veteranerna_av_Bengt_Nordenberg_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_30431.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4274" data-file-height="3107" /></a><figcaption><i>The Veterans (From Days Gone By)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Nordenberg" title="Bengt Nordenberg">Bengt Nordenberg</a>, 1882, <a href="/wiki/Hallwyl_Museum" title="Hallwyl Museum">Hallwyl Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feuerbach_Amazonenschlacht_1873.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Feuerbach_Amazonenschlacht_1873.jpg/220px-Feuerbach_Amazonenschlacht_1873.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Feuerbach_Amazonenschlacht_1873.jpg/330px-Feuerbach_Amazonenschlacht_1873.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Feuerbach_Amazonenschlacht_1873.jpg/440px-Feuerbach_Amazonenschlacht_1873.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1733" data-file-height="924" /></a><figcaption><i>Die Amazonenschlacht</i>, <a href="/wiki/Anselm_Feuerbach" title="Anselm Feuerbach">Anselm Feuerbach</a>, 1873</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eugene_VON_GU%C3%89Rard_-_Dandenong_Ranges_from_%3FBeleura%3F_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Eugene_VON_GU%C3%89Rard_-_Dandenong_Ranges_from_%3FBeleura%3F_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Eugene_VON_GU%C3%89Rard_-_Dandenong_Ranges_from_%3FBeleura%3F_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Eugene_VON_GU%C3%89Rard_-_Dandenong_Ranges_from_%3FBeleura%3F_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Eugene_VON_GU%C3%89Rard_-_Dandenong_Ranges_from_%3FBeleura%3F_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Eugene_VON_GU%C3%89Rard_-_Dandenong_Ranges_from_%3FBeleura%3F_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Eugene_VON_GU%C3%89Rard_-_Dandenong_Ranges_from_%3FBeleura%3F_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4662" data-file-height="3003" /></a><figcaption><i>Dandenong Ranges from Beleura</i>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_von_Guerard" title="Eugene von Guerard">Eugene von Guerard</a>, 1870</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120.jpg/220px-Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120.jpg/330px-Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120.jpg/440px-Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><i>Negro Life at the South</i>, <a href="/wiki/Eastman_Johnson" title="Eastman Johnson">Eastman Johnson</a>, 1859</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze,_MMA-NYC,_1851.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/220px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/330px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/440px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4313" data-file-height="2473" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a>, 1851</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lessing2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lessing2.jpg/220px-Lessing2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lessing2.jpg/330px-Lessing2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lessing2.jpg/440px-Lessing2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption><i>Romantische Landschaft</i>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Lessing" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Friedrich Lessing">Carl Friedrich Lessing</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shishkin_DozVDubLesu_114.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Shishkin_DozVDubLesu_114.jpg/220px-Shishkin_DozVDubLesu_114.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Shishkin_DozVDubLesu_114.jpg/330px-Shishkin_DozVDubLesu_114.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Shishkin_DozVDubLesu_114.jpg/440px-Shishkin_DozVDubLesu_114.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2111" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption><i>Rain in an oak forest</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Shishkin" title="Ivan Shishkin">Ivan Shishkin</a>, 1891</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathilde_Wesendonck_by_Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn,_1850.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mathilde_Wesendonck_by_Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn%2C_1850.jpg/220px-Mathilde_Wesendonck_by_Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn%2C_1850.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mathilde_Wesendonck_by_Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn%2C_1850.jpg/330px-Mathilde_Wesendonck_by_Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn%2C_1850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mathilde_Wesendonck_by_Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn%2C_1850.jpg/440px-Mathilde_Wesendonck_by_Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn%2C_1850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption><i>Mathilde Wesendonck</i>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn" title="Karl Ferdinand Sohn">Karl Ferdinand Sohn</a>, 1850</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SCHMITZ-PLEIS_Dame_in_Aquamarin_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/SCHMITZ-PLEIS_Dame_in_Aquamarin_1911.jpg/220px-SCHMITZ-PLEIS_Dame_in_Aquamarin_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/SCHMITZ-PLEIS_Dame_in_Aquamarin_1911.jpg/330px-SCHMITZ-PLEIS_Dame_in_Aquamarin_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/SCHMITZ-PLEIS_Dame_in_Aquamarin_1911.jpg/440px-SCHMITZ-PLEIS_Dame_in_Aquamarin_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1292" data-file-height="1645" /></a><figcaption><i>Lady in Aquamarine</i>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitz-Pleis" title="Carl Schmitz-Pleis">Carl Schmitz-Pleis</a>, 1911 </figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1819 and 1918, some 4000 artists<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> belonged to the Düsseldorf school of painting, including: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A">A</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: A"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_%C3%85berg" title="Victoria Åberg">Victoria Åberg</a> (1824–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Achenbach" title="Andreas Achenbach">Andreas Achenbach</a> (1815–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Achenbach" title="Oswald Achenbach">Oswald Achenbach</a> (1827–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Ansch%C3%BCtz" title="Hermann Anschütz">Hermann Anschütz</a> (1802–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nicolai_Arbo" title="Peter Nicolai Arbo">Peter Nicolai Arbo</a> (1831–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Asher" title="Louis Asher">Louis Asher</a> (1804–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Askevold" title="Anders Askevold">Anders Askevold</a> (1834–1900)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="B">B</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Bartels" title="Hans von Bartels">Hans von Bartels</a> (1856–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holbrook_Beard" title="William Holbrook Beard">William Holbrook Beard</a> (1823–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Becker_(painter)" title="August Becker (painter)">August Becker</a> (1821–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Becker" title="Jakob Becker">Jakob Becker</a> (1810–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Behrens" title="Peter Behrens">Peter Behrens</a> (1868–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Berg_(painter)" title="Gunnar Berg (painter)">Gunnar Berg</a> (1863–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludolph_Berkemeier" title="Ludolph Berkemeier">Ludolph Berkemeier</a> (1864–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Beyer" title="Edward Beyer">Edward Beyer</a> (1820–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt" title="Albert Bierstadt">Albert Bierstadt</a> (1830–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Caleb_Bingham" title="George Caleb Bingham">George Caleb Bingham</a> (1811–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Bleibtreu" title="Georg Bleibtreu">Georg Bleibtreu</a> (1828–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_B%C3%B6cklin" title="Arnold Böcklin">Arnold Böcklin</a> (1827–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Bodom" title="Erik Bodom">Erik Bodom</a> (1829–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Boser" title="Friedrich Boser">Friedrich Boser</a> (1809–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bromeis" title="August Bromeis">August Bromeis</a> (1813–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Busch" title="Wilhelm Busch">Wilhelm Busch</a> (1832–1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_B%C3%BCtler" title="Anton Bütler">Anton Bütler</a> (1819–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Niklaus_B%C3%BCtler" title="Joseph Niklaus Bütler">Joseph Niklaus Bütler</a> (1822–1885)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C">C</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Calame" title="Alexandre Calame">Alexandre Calame</a> (1810–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Camphausen" title="Wilhelm Camphausen">Wilhelm Camphausen</a> (1818–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Cappelen" title="August Cappelen">August Cappelen</a> (1827–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Cederstr%C3%B6m" title="Gustaf Cederström">Gustaf Cederström</a> (1845–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Churberg" title="Fanny Churberg">Fanny Churberg</a> (1845–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Cordes" title="Johann Wilhelm Cordes">Johann Wilhelm Cordes</a> (1824–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_von_Cornelius" title="Peter von Cornelius">Peter von Cornelius</a> (1783–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_des_Coudres" title="Ludwig des Coudres">Ludwig des Coudres</a> (1820–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Crofts" title="Ernest Crofts">Ernest Crofts</a> (1847–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Heinrich_Crola" title="Georg Heinrich Crola">Georg Heinrich Crola</a> (1804–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Edward_Cronin" title="David Edward Cronin">David Edward Cronin</a> (1839–1925)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D">D</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: D"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dahl" title="Hans Dahl">Hans Dahl</a> (1849–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herminia_Borchard_Dassel" title="Herminia Borchard Dassel">Herminia Borchard Dassel</a> (1839-1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Deger" title="Ernst Deger">Ernst Deger</a> (1809–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Dietrich" title="Anton Dietrich">Anton Dietrich</a> (1833–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_D%C3%BCcker" title="Eugen Dücker">Eugen Dücker</a> (1841–1916)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="E">E</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: E"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Eberle" title="Adam Eberle">Adam Eberle</a> (1804–1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Egner" title="Marie Egner">Marie Egner</a> (1850–1940)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="F">F</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: F"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fay_(artist)" title="Joseph Fay (artist)">Joseph Fay</a> (1813–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_Feuerbach" title="Anselm Feuerbach">Anselm Feuerbach</a> (1829–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Flamm" title="Albert Flamm">Albert Flamm</a> (1823–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Forstmann" title="Arnold Forstmann">Arnold Forstmann</a> (1842–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Friedl%C3%A4nder" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Friedländer">Friedrich Friedländer</a> (1825–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Fries" title="Bernhard Fries">Bernhard Fries</a> (1820–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Fr%C3%B6licher" title="Otto Frölicher">Otto Frölicher</a> (1840–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Fuechsel" title="Hermann Fuechsel">Hermann Fuechsel</a> (1833–1915)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="G">G</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: G"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Geertz" title="Julius Geertz">Julius Geertz</a> (1837–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_Robinson_Gifford" title="Sanford Robinson Gifford">Sanford Robinson Gifford</a> (1823–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fredrik_Gude" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Fredrik Gude">Hans Fredrik Gude</a> (1825–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_von_Guerard" title="Eugene von Guerard">Eugene von Guerard</a> (1811–1901)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="H">H</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: H"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aasta_Hansteen" title="Aasta Hansteen">Aasta Hansteen</a> (1824–1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McDougal_Hart" title="James McDougal Hart">James McDougal Hart</a> (1828–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_Haseltine" title="William Stanley Haseltine">William Stanley Haseltine</a> (1835–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Hasenclever" title="Johann Peter Hasenclever">Johann Peter Hasenclever</a> (1810–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Hertervig" title="Lars Hertervig">Lars Hertervig</a> (1830–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hetzel" title="George Hetzel">George Hetzel</a> (1826–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Ottomar_Herzog" title="Hermann Ottomar Herzog">Hermann Ottomar Herzog</a> (1832–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Hildebrandt" title="Theodor Hildebrandt">Theodor Hildebrandt</a> (1804–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alexander_Hillingford" title="Robert Alexander Hillingford">Robert Alexander Hillingford</a> (1828–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Hoetger" title="Bernhard Hoetger">Bernhard Hoetger</a> (1874–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Hoffmann_(painter)" title="Oskar Hoffmann (painter)">Oskar Hoffmann</a> (1851–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Hohenstein" title="Adolfo Hohenstein">Adolfo Hohenstein</a> (1854–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_H%C3%BCbner" title="Julius Hübner">Julius Hübner</a> (1806–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%BCnten" title="Emil Hünten">Emil Hünten</a> (1827–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris_Hunt" title="William Morris Hunt">William Morris Hunt</a> (1824–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hupp" title="Otto Hupp">Otto Hupp</a> (1859–1949)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I">I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Ittenbach" title="Franz Ittenbach">Franz Ittenbach</a> (1813–1879)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="J">J</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: J"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Reinhold_Jacobi" title="Otto Reinhold Jacobi">Otto Reinhold Jacobi</a> (1812–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Jerichau-Baumann" title="Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann">Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann</a> (1819–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Jernberg" title="August Jernberg">August Jernberg</a> (1826–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Johnson" title="Eastman Johnson">Eastman Johnson</a> (1824–1906)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="K">K</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: K"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kampf" title="Arthur Kampf">Arthur Kampf</a> (1864–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Kaulbach" title="Wilhelm von Kaulbach">Wilhelm von Kaulbach</a> (1805–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Keith_(artist)" title="William Keith (artist)">William Keith</a> (1838–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Klein" class="mw-redirect" title="César Klein">César Klein</a> (1876–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Klein_von_Diepold" title="Julian Klein von Diepold">Julian Klein von Diepold</a> (1868–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henry_Weston_Klingender" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Henry Weston Klingender">Louis Henry Weston Klingender</a> (1861–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Knaus" title="Ludwig Knaus">Ludwig Knaus</a> (1829–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Christoph_Kolbe" title="Heinrich Christoph Kolbe">Heinrich Christoph Kolbe</a> (1771–1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Koller" title="Rudolf Koller">Rudolf Koller</a> (1828–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Kronberg" title="Julius Kronberg">Julius Kronberg</a> (1850–1921)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L">L</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: L"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ants_Laikmaa" title="Ants Laikmaa">Ants Laikmaa</a> (1860–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Larson" title="Marcus Larson">Marcus Larson</a> (1825–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Lehmbruck" title="Wilhelm Lehmbruck">Wilhelm Lehmbruck</a> (1881–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Lessing" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Friedrich Lessing">Carl Friedrich Lessing</a> (1808–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a> (1816–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Liljefors" title="Bruno Liljefors">Bruno Liljefors</a> (1860–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalia_Lindegren" title="Amalia Lindegren">Amalia Lindegren</a> (1814–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Luks" title="George Luks">George Luks</a> (1867–1933)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M">M</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: M"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_Macke" title="August Macke">August Macke</a> (1887–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Mackensen" title="Fritz Mackensen">Fritz Mackensen</a> (1866–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Malmstr%C3%B6m" title="August Malmström">August Malmström</a> (1829–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_Melchers" title="Gari Melchers">Gari Melchers</a> (1860–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Mense" title="Carlo Mense">Carlo Mense</a> (1886–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Meyer" title="Johann Georg Meyer">Johann Georg Meyer</a> (1813–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Modersohn" title="Otto Modersohn">Otto Modersohn</a> (1865–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_M%C3%BCcke" title="Heinrich Mücke">Heinrich Mücke</a> (1806–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_M%C3%BCller_(painter)" title="Andreas Müller (painter)">Andreas Müller</a> (1811–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morten_M%C3%BCller" title="Morten Müller">Morten Müller</a> (1828–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_M%C3%BCller-Kaempff" title="Paul Müller-Kaempff">Paul Müller-Kaempff</a> (1861–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_Munk%C3%A1csy" title="Mihály Munkácsy">Mihály Munkácsy</a> (1844–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Munthe" title="Ludvig Munthe">Ludvig Munthe</a> (1841–1896)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="N">N</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: N"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaldus_Nielsen" title="Amaldus Nielsen">Amaldus Nielsen</a> (1838–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Theodor_Nocken" title="Wilhelm Theodor Nocken">Wilhelm Theodor Nocken</a> (1830–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Nordenberg" title="Bengt Nordenberg">Bengt Nordenberg</a> (1822–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorine_Nordenswan" title="Victorine Nordenswan">Victorine Nordenswan</a> (1838—1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelsteen_Normann" title="Adelsteen Normann">Adelsteen Normann</a> (1848–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Northen" title="Adolph Northen">Adolph Northen</a> (1828–1876)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O">O</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: O"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_von_Oer" title="Theobald von Oer">Theobald von Oer</a> (1807–1885)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="P">P</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: P"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Peithner_von_Lichtenfels" title="Eduard Peithner von Lichtenfels">Eduard Peithner von Lichtenfels</a> (1833–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Perbandt" title="Carl von Perbandt">Carl von Perbandt</a> (1832–1911)<sup id="cite_ref-Lekisch_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lekisch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Petersen-Angeln" title="Heinrich Petersen-Angeln">Heinrich Petersen-Angeln</a> (1850–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksymilian_Piotrowski" class="mw-redirect" title="Maksymilian Piotrowski">Maksymilian Piotrowski</a> (1813–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Wilhelm_Pose" title="Eduard Wilhelm Pose">Eduard Wilhelm Pose</a> (1812–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Preyer" title="Johann Wilhelm Preyer">Johann Wilhelm Preyer</a> (1803–1889)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="R">R</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: R"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kristjan_Raud" title="Kristjan Raud">Kristjan Raud</a> (1865–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Raud" title="Paul Raud">Paul Raud</a> (1865–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reinick" title="Robert Reinick">Robert Reinick</a> (1805–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rethel" title="Alfred Rethel">Alfred Rethel</a> (1816–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rettich_(painter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Rettich (painter)">Karl Lorenz Rettich</a> (1841–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ritter" title="Henry Ritter">Henry Ritter</a> (1816–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Rocholl" title="Theodor Rocholl">Theodor Rocholl</a> (1854–1933)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="S">S</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: S"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Salentin" title="Hubert Salentin">Hubert Salentin</a> (1822–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer" title="Johann Wilhelm Schirmer">Johann Wilhelm Schirmer</a> (1807–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitz-Pleis" title="Carl Schmitz-Pleis">Carl Schmitz-Pleis</a> (1877–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schrader" title="Julius Schrader">Julius Schrader</a> (1815–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Schreyer" title="Adolf Schreyer">Adolf Schreyer</a> (1828–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Seel" title="Adolf Seel">Adolf Seel</a> (1829–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Shishkin" title="Ivan Shishkin">Ivan Shishkin</a> (1838–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn" title="Karl Ferdinand Sohn">Karl Ferdinand Sohn</a> (1805–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sohn-Rethel_(painter)" title="Alfred Sohn-Rethel (painter)">Alfred Sohn-Rethel</a> (1875–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karli_Sohn-Rethel" title="Karli Sohn-Rethel">Karli Sohn-Rethel</a> (1882–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermine_Stilke" title="Hermine Stilke">Hermine Stilke</a> (1804–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Studer_(painter)" title="Bernhard Studer (painter)">Bernhard Studer</a> (1832–1868)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="T">T</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Tidemand" title="Adolph Tidemand">Adolph Tidemand</a> (1814–1876)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U">U</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: U"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_d%27Unker" title="Carl d'Unker">Carl d'Unker</a> (1828–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Ury" title="Lesser Ury">Lesser Ury</a> (1861–1931)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="V">V</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: V"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Vezin" title="Frederick Vezin">Frederick Vezin</a> (1859–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Vogeler" title="Heinrich Vogeler">Heinrich Vogeler</a> (1872–1942)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="W">W</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: W"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Wahlberg" title="Alfred Wahlberg">Alfred Wahlberg</a> (1834–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Walton" title="Edward Arthur Walton">Edward Arthur Walton</a> (1860–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worthington_Whittredge" title="Worthington Whittredge">Worthington Whittredge</a> (1820–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wimar" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Wimar">Charles Wimar</a> (1828–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5rten_Eskil_Winge" title="Mårten Eskil Winge">Mårten Eskil Winge</a> (1825–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caton_Woodville" title="Richard Caton Woodville">Richard Caton Woodville</a> (1825–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_von_Wright" title="Magnus von Wright">Magnus von Wright</a> (1805–1868)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Z">Z</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Z"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_von_Zimmermann" title="Clemens von Zimmermann">Clemens von Zimmermann</a> (1788–1869)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">German Romanticism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Als die zu betrachtende Zeitspanne der Düsseldorfer Malerschule hat sich unter Einbeziehung des <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langes_19._Jahrhundert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langes 19. Jahrhundert (page does not exist)">Langen 19. Jahrhunderts</a> der Zeitraum von 1819, das Jahr der preußischen Neugründung der Kunstakademie Düsseldorf und des Beginns des Direktorats von <a href="/wiki/Peter_von_Cornelius" title="Peter von Cornelius">Peter Cornelius</a>, bis 1918, das Jahr des Endes des Ersten Weltkriegs und des Deutschen Kaiserreichs, allgemein durchgesetzt. Der vom Kunsthistoriker <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_H%C3%BCtt" title="Wolfgang Hütt">Wolfgang Hütt</a> vertretene Ansatz, das Jahr 1869 als das Datum einer gescheiterten Künstler-Revolte gegen das Direktorat einer „junkerlich-preußischen Beamtenbürokratie“ unter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Altgelt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Altgelt (page does not exist)">Hermann Altgelt</a> als Ende der Düsseldorfer Malerschule zu betrachten, setzte sich nicht durch. – Vgl. Wolfgang Hütt: <i>Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869.</i> VEB E. A. Seemann Buch- und Kunstverlag, Leipzig 1983, S. 250 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_M%C3%BCller_von_K%C3%B6nigswinter" title="Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter">Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter</a>: <i>Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren</i>. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-humboldt-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-humboldt_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHumboldt1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Humboldt, Wilhelm von</a> (1968). Albert Leitzmann (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CMJD-ToURyUC&pg=PA585"><i>Gesammelte Schriften. 1. Abteilung: Werke. Band 6 1827–1835</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 585. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-019258-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-019258-2"><bdi>978-3-11-019258-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gesammelte+Schriften.+1.+Abteilung%3A+Werke.+Band+6+1827%E2%80%931835&rft.pages=585&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-3-11-019258-2&rft.aulast=Humboldt&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCMJD-ToURyUC%26pg%3DPA585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf+School+of+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und <a href="/wiki/Galerie_Paffrath" title="Galerie Paffrath">Galerie Paffrath</a> (Hrsg.): <i>Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule</i>, 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaumgärtel2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bettina_Baumg%C3%A4rtel" title="Bettina Baumgärtel">Baumgärtel, Bettina</a>, ed. (2011). <i>The Düsseldorf School of Painting and Its International Influence 1819-1918</i>. Düsseldorf, Germany: Museum Kunstpalast. pp. <span class="nowrap">402–</span>420. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86568-737-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86568-737-1"><bdi>978-3-86568-737-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+D%C3%BCsseldorf+School+of+Painting+and+Its+International+Influence+1819-1918&rft.place=D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C+Germany&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E402-%3C%2Fspan%3E420&rft.pub=Museum+Kunstpalast&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-86568-737-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf+School+of+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lekisch-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lekisch_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lekisch, Barbara (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fzOs0pXNXJ4C&pg=PA173"><i>Embracing Scenes about Lakes Tahoe & Donner: Painters, Illustrators & Sketch Artists 1855–1915</i></a>, pp 173–174. Great West Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0944220142" title="Special:BookSources/0944220142">0944220142</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Düsseldorf_School_of_painting145" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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Anschütz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nicolai_Arbo" title="Peter Nicolai Arbo">Peter Nicolai Arbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Asher" title="Louis Asher">Louis Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Askevold" title="Anders Askevold">Anders Askevold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Bartels" title="Hans von Bartels">Hans von Bartels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holbrook_Beard" title="William Holbrook Beard">William Holbrook Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Becker_(painter)" title="August Becker (painter)">August Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Becker" title="Jakob Becker">Jakob Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Berg_(painter)" title="Gunnar Berg (painter)">Gunnar Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bergh" title="Edward Bergh">Edward Bergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludolph_Berkemeier" title="Ludolph Berkemeier">Ludolph Berkemeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Beyer" title="Edward Beyer">Edward Beyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Caleb_Bingham" title="George Caleb Bingham">George Caleb Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Bleibtreu" title="Georg Bleibtreu">Georg Bleibtreu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_B%C3%B6cklin" title="Arnold Böcklin">Arnold Böcklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Boser" title="Friedrich Boser">Friedrich Boser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_B%C3%BCtler" title="Anton Bütler">Anton Bütler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Niklaus_B%C3%BCtler" title="Joseph Niklaus Bütler">Joseph Niklaus Bütler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Calame" title="Alexandre Calame">Alexandre Calame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Camphausen" title="Wilhelm Camphausen">Wilhelm Camphausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Cappelen" title="August Cappelen">August Cappelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Cederstr%C3%B6m" title="Gustaf Cederström">Gustaf Cederström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Churberg" title="Fanny Churberg">Fanny Churberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Cordes" title="Johann Wilhelm Cordes">Johann Wilhelm Cordes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_des_Coudres" title="Ludwig des Coudres">Ludwig des Coudres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Crofts" title="Ernest Crofts">Ernest Crofts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Edward_Cronin" title="David Edward Cronin">David Edward Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dahl" title="Hans Dahl">Hans Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Deger" title="Ernst Deger">Ernst Deger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_D%C3%BCcker" title="Eugen Dücker">Eugen Dücker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Fagerlin" title="Ferdinand Fagerlin">Ferdinand Fagerlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Geertz" title="Julius Geertz">Julius Geertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Hans Gude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Hertervig" title="Lars Hertervig">Lars Hertervig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Larson" title="Marcus Larson">Marcus Larson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Lessing" title="Karl Friedrich Lessing">Karl Friedrich Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascan_Lutteroth" title="Ascan Lutteroth">Ascan Lutteroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Meuron" title="Albert de Meuron">Albert de Meuron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_M%C3%BCcke" title="Heinrich Mücke">Heinrich Mücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Nordenberg" title="Bengt Nordenberg">Bengt Nordenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorine_Nordenswan" title="Victorine Nordenswan">Victorine Nordenswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Nordgren" title="Axel Nordgren">Axel Nordgren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofie_Ribbing" title="Sofie Ribbing">Sofie Ribbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Ritz" title="Raphael Ritz">Raphael Ritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Schadow" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow">Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Scheuren" title="Caspar Scheuren">Caspar Scheuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer" title="Johann Wilhelm Schirmer">Johann Wilhelm Schirmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Schr%C3%B6dter" title="Adolf Schrödter">Adolf Schrödter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Sch%C3%BCz" title="Theodor Schüz">Theodor Schüz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn" title="Karl Ferdinand Sohn">Karl Ferdinand Sohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Steinbr%C3%BCck" title="Eduard Steinbrück">Eduard Steinbrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermine_Stilke" title="Hermine Stilke">Hermine Stilke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Studer_(painter)" title="Bernhard Studer (painter)">Bernhard Studer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdzis%C5%82aw_Suchodolski" title="Zdzisław Suchodolski">Zdzisław Suchodolski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Tidemand" title="Adolph Tidemand">Adolph Tidemand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_d%27Unker" title="Carl d'Unker">Carl d'Unker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_von_Wille" title="Clara von Wille">Clara von Wille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_von_Wille" title="Fritz von Wille">Fritz von Wille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilian_Zoll" title="Kilian Zoll">Kilian Zoll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Kunstakademie Düsseldorf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romanticism556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romanticism" title="Template talk:Romanticism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanticism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanticism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romanticism556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature_in_English" title="Romantic literature in English">England (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_France" title="Romanticism in France">France</a> <a href="/wiki/19th-century_French_literature#Romanticism" title="19th-century French literature">(literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_Roman" title="Taishō Roman">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_romantic_nationalism" title="Norwegian romantic nationalism">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Poland" title="Romanticism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Russian_Poetry" title="Golden Age of Russian Poetry">Russia (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Spanish_literature" title="Romanticism in Spanish literature">Spain (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Romantic_literature" title="Swedish Romantic literature">Sweden (literature)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppet_group" title="Coppet group">Coppet group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Romanticism" title="Dark Romanticism">Dark</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Düsseldorf School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_historical_school" title="German historical school">German historical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianism_(arts)" title="Indianism (arts)">Indianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena_Romanticism" title="Jena Romanticism">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preromanticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Preromanticism">Pre</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-romanticism" title="Post-romanticism">Post</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_school" title="Ukrainian school">Ukrainian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Romanticism" title="Ultra-Romanticism">Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Wallenrod" title="Konrad Wallenrod">Wallenrodism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_flower" title="Blue flower">Blue flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Marine_Art_(Romantic_Era)" title="British Marine Art (Romantic Era)">British Marine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk" title="Gesamtkunstwerk">Gesamtkunstwerk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Hero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_hero" title="Romantic hero">Romantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mal_du_si%C3%A8cle" title="Mal du siècle">Mal du siècle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medievalism" title="Medievalism">Medievalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_savage" title="Noble savage">Noble savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia#Romanticism" title="Nostalgia">Nostalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossian" title="Ossian">Ossian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_romanticism" title="Rhine romanticism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(literature)#Romanticism_and_genius" title="Genius (literature)">Romantic genius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderlust" title="Wanderlust">Wanderlust</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weltschmerz" title="Weltschmerz">Weltschmerz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mountain_art" title="White Mountain art">White Mountain art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Literature" title="Romanticism">Writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casimiro_de_Abreu" title="Casimiro de Abreu">Abreu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Alencar" title="José de Alencar">Alencar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Almeida" title="Manuel Antônio de Almeida">Manuel Antônio de Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro_Alves" title="Castro Alves">Alves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machado_de_Assis" title="Machado de Assis">Assis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvares_de_Azevedo" title="Álvares de Azevedo">Azevedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Barreto" title="Tobias Barreto">Barreto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alves_Dias" title="Gonçalves Dias">Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Bernardo Guimarães">Guimarães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Manuel_de_Macedo" title="Joaquim Manuel de Macedo">Macedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alves_de_Magalh%C3%A3es,_Viscount_of_Araguaia" title="Gonçalves de Magalhães, Viscount of Araguaia">Magalhães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Firmina_dos_Reis" title="Maria Firmina dos Reis">Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_d%27Escragnolle_Taunay,_Viscount_of_Taunay" title="Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay">Taunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagundes_Varela" title="Fagundes Varela">Varela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_France#Literature" title="Romanticism in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Bertrand" title="Aloysius Bertrand">Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Lamartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Mérimée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Musset" title="Alfred de Musset">Musset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Nerval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nodier" title="Charles Nodier">Nodier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Vigny" title="Alfred de Vigny">Vigny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achim_von_Arnim" title="Achim von Arnim">A. v. Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim" title="Bettina von Arnim">B. v. Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beer_(poet)" title="Michael Beer (poet)">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Brentano" title="Clemens Brentano">Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Freiherr_von_Eichendorff" title="Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff">Eichendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_de_la_Motte_Fouqu%C3%A9" title="Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué">Fouqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoline_von_G%C3%BCnderrode" title="Karoline von Günderrode">Günderrode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Gutzkow" title="Karl Gutzkow">Gutzkow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hauff" title="Wilhelm Hauff">Hauff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul" title="Jean Paul">Jean Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Kleist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%B6rike" title="Eduard Mörike">Mörike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Schwab" title="Gustav Schwab">Schwab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Uhland" title="Ludwig Uhland">Uhland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature_in_English" title="Romantic literature in English">Great<br />Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Laetitia_Barbauld" title="Anna Laetitia Barbauld">Barbauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">C. Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">E. Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_De_Quincey" title="Thomas De Quincey">de Quincey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth" title="Maria Edgeworth">Maria Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Polidori" title="John William Polidori">Polidori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Radcliffe" title="Ann Radcliffe">Radcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson_(poet)" title="Mary Robinson (poet)">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Seward" title="Anna Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">M. Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">P. B. Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Southey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">Wordsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Poland#Notable_Polish_Romantic_writers_and_poets" title="Romanticism in Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro">Fredro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Krasi%C5%84ski" title="Zygmunt Krasiński">Krasiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Ignacy_Kraszewski" title="Józef Ignacy Kraszewski">Józef Ignacy Kraszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Malczewski" title="Antoni Malczewski">Malczewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Mickiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian_Norwid" title="Cyprian Norwid">Norwid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Potocki" title="Jan Potocki">Potocki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Pol" title="Wincenty Pol">Wincenty Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki" title="Juliusz Słowacki">Słowacki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Castelo_Branco" title="Camilo Castelo Branco">Castelo Branco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Feliciano_de_Castilho" title="António Feliciano de Castilho">Castilho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Deus_de_Nogueira_Ramos" title="João de Deus de Nogueira Ramos">João de Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_Dinis" title="Júlio Dinis">Dinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garrett" title="Almeida Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano">Herculano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Augusto_Soares_de_Passos" title="António Augusto Soares de Passos">Soares dos Passos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Baratynsky" title="Yevgeny Baratynsky">Baratynsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Batyushkov" title="Konstantin Batyushkov">Batyushkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Gogol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_K%C3%BCchelbecker" title="Wilhelm Küchelbecker">Küchelbecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lermontov" title="Mikhail Lermontov">Lermontov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Tyutchev" title="Fyodor Tyutchev">Tyutchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Vyazemsky" title="Pyotr Vyazemsky">Vyazemsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Zhukovsky" title="Vasily Zhukovsky">Zhukovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura_Jak%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Đura Jakšić">Jakšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laza_Kosti%C4%87" title="Laza Kostić">Kostić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_II_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar II Petrović-Njegoš">Njegoš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branko_Radi%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Branko Radičević">Radičević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milica_Stojadinovi%C4%87-Srpkinja" title="Milica Stojadinović-Srpkinja">Stojadinović-Srpkinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Jovanovi%C4%87_Zmaj" title="Jovan Jovanović Zmaj">Zmaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adolfo_B%C3%A9cquer" title="Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer">Bécquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa_de_Castro" title="Rosalía de Castro">Rosalía de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Espronceda" title="José de Espronceda">Espronceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Garc%C3%ADa_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Antonio García Gutiérrez">Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Saavedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla" title="José Zorrilla">Zorrilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gilbert_Holland" title="Josiah Gilbert Holland">Josiah Gilbert Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Longfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Poe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khachatur_Abovian" title="Khachatur Abovian">Abovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Alfieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikoloz_Baratashvili" title="Nikoloz Baratashvili">Baratashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hristo_Botev" title="Hristo Botev">Botev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chavchavadze" title="Alexander Chavchavadze">Chavchavadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Eminescu" title="Mihai Eminescu">Eminescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Foscolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naim_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Naim Frashëri">Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Geijer" title="Erik Gustaf Geijer">Geijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._F._S._Grundtvig" title="N. F. S. Grundtvig">Grundtvig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Heliade_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Ion Heliade Rădulescu">Heliade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Isaacs" title="Jorge Isaacs">Isaacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau" title="Nikolaus Lenau">Lenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Leopardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Hynek_M%C3%A1cha" title="Karel Hynek Mácha">Mácha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Manzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger" title="Adam Oehlenschläger">Oehlenschläger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigol_Orbeliani" title="Grigol Orbeliani">Orbeliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Pre%C5%A1eren" title="France Prešeren">Prešeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffi_(novelist)" title="Raffi (novelist)">Raffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Ludvig_Runeberg" title="Johan Ludvig Runeberg">Runeberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Shevchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachris_Topelius" title="Zachris Topelius">Topelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6smarty" title="Mihály Vörösmarty">Vörösmarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Wergeland" title="Henrik Wergeland">Wergeland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Musicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Czerny" title="Carl Czerny">Czerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismond_Thalberg" title="Sigismond Thalberg">Thalberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wolf" title="Hugo Wolf">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Czechia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Moscheles" title="Ignaz Moscheles">Moscheles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Reicha" title="Anton Reicha">Reicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_V%C3%A1clav_Vo%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1ek" title="Jan Václav Voříšek">Voříšek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Adam" title="Adolphe Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Valentin_Alkan" title="Charles-Valentin Alkan">Alkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auber" title="Daniel Auber">Auber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Fauré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fromental_Hal%C3%A9vy" title="Fromental Halévy">Halévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9hul" title="Étienne Méhul">Méhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Onslow_(composer)" title="George Onslow (composer)">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Bruch" title="Max Bruch">Bruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kalkbrenner" title="Friedrich Kalkbrenner">Kalkbrenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Loewe" title="Carl Loewe">Loewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Marschner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Mendelssohn" title="Fanny Mendelssohn">Fanny Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Meyerbeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Moszkowski" title="Moritz Moszkowski">Moszkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">C. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">R. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Erkel" title="Ferenc Erkel">Erkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Goldmark" title="Karl Goldmark">Goldmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Heller" title="Stephen Heller">Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen%C5%91_Hubay" title="Jenő Hubay">Hubay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joachim" title="Joseph Joachim">Joachim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Busoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Paganini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Spontini" title="Gaspare Spontini">Spontini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bortkiewicz" title="Sergei Bortkiewicz">Bortkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Lipi%C5%84ski" title="Karol Lipiński">Lipiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Moniuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski" title="Ignacy Jan Paderewski">Paderewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Stolpe" title="Antoni Stolpe">Stolpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Tausig" title="Karl Tausig">Tausig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Wieniawski" title="Henryk Wieniawski">Wieniawski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Arensky" title="Anton Arensky">Arensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mily_Balakirev" title="Mily Balakirev">Balakirev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Borodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui">Cui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Glinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lyapunov" title="Sergei Lyapunov">Lyapunov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Medtner" title="Nikolai Medtner">Medtner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Mussorgsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Rimsky-Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Hristi%C4%87" title="Stevan Hristić">Hristić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Konjovi%C4%87" title="Petar Konjović">Konjović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Mokranjac" title="Stevan Mokranjac">Mokranjac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kornelije_Stankovi%C4%87" title="Kornelije Stanković">Stanković</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Berwald" title="Franz Berwald">Berwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Elgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Field_(composer)" title="John Field (composer)">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">Franck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Grieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Sibelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Sor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_philosophy" title="Romanticism in philosophy">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vissarion_Belinsky" title="Vissarion Belinsky">Belinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Berchet" title="Giovanni Berchet">Berchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Chaadayev" title="Pyotr Chaadayev">Chaadayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hazlitt" title="William Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Khomyakov" title="Aleksey Khomyakov">Khomyakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Lamennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Jos%C3%A9_de_Larra" title="Mariano José de Larra">Larra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Michelet" title="Jules Michelet">Michelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet" title="Edgar Quinet">Quinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Schelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">A. Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">F. Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Schleiermacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Pivert_de_Senancour" title="Étienne Pivert de Senancour">Senancour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Vilhelm_Snellman" title="Johan Vilhelm Snellman">Snellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Wackenroder" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder">Wackenroder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Visual artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Aivazovsky" title="Ivan Aivazovsky">Aivazovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt" title="Albert Bierstadt">Bierstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Parkes_Bonington" title="Richard Parkes Bonington">Bonington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Bryullov" title="Karl Bryullov">Bryullov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Chass%C3%A9riau" title="Théodore Chassériau">Chassériau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Edwin_Church" title="Frederic Edwin Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">Constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cole" title="Thomas Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot" title="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot">Corot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Christian_Dahl" title="Johan Christian Dahl">Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_d%27Angers" title="David d'Angers">David d'Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edelfelt" title="Albert Edelfelt">Edelfelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich" title="Caspar David Friedrich">Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuseli" title="Henry Fuseli">Fuseli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akseli_Gallen-Kallela" title="Akseli Gallen-Kallela">Gallen-Kallela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Géricault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Louis_Girodet_de_Roussy-Trioson" title="Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson">Girodet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nepomucen_G%C5%82owacki" title="Jan Nepomucen Głowacki">Głowacki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Gude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Hayez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Janmot" title="Louis Janmot">Janmot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(artist)" title="Thomas Jones (artist)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orest_Kiprensky" title="Orest Kiprensky">Kiprensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anton_Koch" title="Joseph Anton Koch">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Ksawery_Lampi" title="Franciszek Ksawery Lampi">Lampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Leutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_(painter)" title="John Martin (painter)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Micha%C5%82owski" title="Piotr Michałowski">Michałowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Palmer" title="Samuel Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Ara%C3%BAjo_Porto-Alegre,_Baron_of_Santo_%C3%82ngelo" title="Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre, Baron of Santo Ângelo">Porto-Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Augustin_Pr%C3%A9ault" title="Antoine-Augustin Préault">Préault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_R%C3%A9voil" title="Pierre Révoil">Révoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleury_Fran%C3%A7ois_Richard" title="Fleury François Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rude" title="François Rude">Rude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Otto_Runge" title="Philipp Otto Runge">Runge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh">Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ary_Scheffer" title="Ary Scheffer">Scheffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Stattler" title="Wojciech Stattler">Stattler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stroy" title="Michael Stroy">Stroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Tidemand" title="Adolph Tidemand">Tidemand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Tropinin" title="Vasily Tropinin">Tropinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Veit" title="Philipp Veit">Veit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ward_(English_artist)" title="James Ward (English artist)">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Wiertz" title="Antoine Wiertz">Wiertz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholars">Scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Abraham" title="Gerald Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._H._Abrams" title="M. H. Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Barzun" title="Jacques Barzun">Barzun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Beiser" title="Frederick C. Beiser">Beiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._C._W._Blanning" title="T. C. W. Blanning">Blanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Blume" title="Friedrich Blume">Blume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Dahlhaus" title="Carl Dahlhaus">Dahlhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ferber" title="Michael Ferber">Ferber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Frye" title="Northrop Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Janion" title="Maria Janion">Janion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lacoue-Labarthe" title="Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe">Lacoue-Labarthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Oncken_Lovejoy" title="Arthur Oncken Lovejoy">Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Gabriel_Porthan" title="Henrik Gabriel Porthan">Porthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ricks" title="Christopher Ricks">Ricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rosen" title="Charles Rosen">Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Wellek" title="René Wellek">Wellek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coleridge%27s_theory_of_life" title="Coleridge's theory of life">Coleridge's theory of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_romantics" title="List of romantics">List of romantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romantic_poets" title="List of Romantic poets">List of Romantic poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages_in_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Ages in history">Middle Ages in history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium_and_Romanticism" title="Opium and Romanticism">Opium and Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_ballet" title="Romantic ballet">Romantic ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_epistemology" title="Romantic epistemology">Romantic epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_medicine" title="Romantic medicine">Romantic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_poetry" title="Romantic poetry">Romantic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_psychology" title="Romantic psychology">Romantic psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_economics" title="Romanticism and economics">Romanticism and economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_the_French_Revolution" title="Romanticism and the French Revolution">Romanticism and the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_science" title="Romanticism in science">Romanticism in science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_Bacon" title="Romanticism and Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_evolution_theory" title="Romanticism in evolution theory">Evolution theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_above_the_Sea_of_Fog" title="Wanderer above the Sea of Fog">Wanderer above the Sea of Fog</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <div style="position:absolute;">← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Template:Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism">Modernism</a></b> →</div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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