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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Targets, indicators and progress</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Targets,_indicators_and_progress-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Targets, indicators and progress subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Targets,_indicators_and_progress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Target_6.1:_Safe_and_affordable_drinking_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Target_6.1:_Safe_and_affordable_drinking_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Target 6.1: Safe and affordable drinking water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Target_6.1:_Safe_and_affordable_drinking_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Target_6.2:_End_open_defecation_and_provide_access_to_sanitation_and_hygiene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Target_6.2:_End_open_defecation_and_provide_access_to_sanitation_and_hygiene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Target 6.2: End open defecation and provide access to sanitation and hygiene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Target_6.2:_End_open_defecation_and_provide_access_to_sanitation_and_hygiene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Report_from_2019_for_Target_6.1_and_6.2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Report_from_2019_for_Target_6.1_and_6.2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Report from 2019 for Target 6.1 and 6.2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Report_from_2019_for_Target_6.1_and_6.2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Drinking_water_(Target_6.1)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drinking_water_(Target_6.1)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1.1</span> <span>Drinking water (Target 6.1)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drinking_water_(Target_6.1)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanitation_and_hygiene_(Target_6.2)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanitation_and_hygiene_(Target_6.2)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1.2</span> <span>Sanitation and hygiene (Target 6.2)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanitation_and_hygiene_(Target_6.2)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Target_6.3:_Improve_water_quality,_wastewater_treatment,_and_safe_reuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Target_6.3:_Improve_water_quality,_wastewater_treatment,_and_safe_reuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Target 6.3: Improve water quality, wastewater treatment, and safe reuse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Target_6.3:_Improve_water_quality,_wastewater_treatment,_and_safe_reuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Target_6.4:_Increase_water-use_efficiency_and_ensure_freshwater_supplies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Target_6.4:_Increase_water-use_efficiency_and_ensure_freshwater_supplies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Target 6.4: Increase water-use efficiency and ensure freshwater supplies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Target_6.4:_Increase_water-use_efficiency_and_ensure_freshwater_supplies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Target_6.5:_Implement_IWRM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Target_6.5:_Implement_IWRM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Target 6.5: Implement IWRM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Target_6.5:_Implement_IWRM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Target_6.6:_Protect_and_restore_water-related_ecosystems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Target_6.6:_Protect_and_restore_water-related_ecosystems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Target 6.6: Protect and restore water-related ecosystems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Target_6.6:_Protect_and_restore_water-related_ecosystems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Target_6.a:_Expand_water_and_sanitation_support_to_developing_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Target_6.a:_Expand_water_and_sanitation_support_to_developing_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Target 6.a: Expand water and sanitation support to developing countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Target_6.a:_Expand_water_and_sanitation_support_to_developing_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Target_6.b:_Support_local_engagement_in_water_and_sanitation_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Target_6.b:_Support_local_engagement_in_water_and_sanitation_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Target 6.b: Support local engagement in water and sanitation management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Target_6.b:_Support_local_engagement_in_water_and_sanitation_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Custodian_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Custodian_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Custodian agencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Custodian_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Challenges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Challenges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Impact of COVID-19 pandemic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monitoring_progress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monitoring_progress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Monitoring progress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monitoring_progress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Links_with_other_SDGs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Links_with_other_SDGs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Links with other SDGs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Links_with_other_SDGs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="أهداف التنمية المستدامة - الهدف السادس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أهداف التنمية المستدامة - الهدف السادس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectiu_de_Desenvolupament_Sostenible_6" title="Objectiu de Desenvolupament Sostenible 6 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Objectiu de Desenvolupament Sostenible 6" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objetivo_de_Desarrollo_Sostenible_6" title="Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 6 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 6" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garapen_Jasangarrirako_6._helburua:_ur_garbia_eta_saneamendua" title="Garapen Jasangarrirako 6. helburua: ur garbia eta saneamendua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Garapen Jasangarrirako 6. helburua: ur garbia eta saneamendua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectif_de_d%C3%A9veloppement_durable_no_6_des_Nations_unies" title="Objectif de développement durable no 6 des Nations unies – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Objectif de développement durable no 6 des Nations unies" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6" title="Sustainable Development Goal 6 – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Sustainable Development Goal 6" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%93_6_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%90" title="יעד 6 לפיתוח בר קיימא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יעד 6 לפיתוח בר קיימא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98_6" title="Цел за одржлив развој 6 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цел за одржлив развој 6" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ആറാം സുസ്ഥിര വികസന ലക്ഷ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആറാം സുസ്ഥിര വികസന ലക്ഷ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matlamat_Pembangunan_Mampan_6" title="Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan 6 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan 6" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%BE%DA%96%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%90_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%90_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%87" title="شپږمه تلپاتې پرمختیایې موخه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شپږمه تلپاتې پرمختیایې موخه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objetivo_de_Desenvolvimento_Sustent%C3%A1vel_6" title="Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 6 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 6" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obiectivul_de_Dezvoltare_Durabil%C4%83_6" title="Obiectivul de Dezvoltare Durabilă 6 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Obiectivul de Dezvoltare Durabilă 6" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma_Amac%C4%B1_6" title="Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amacı 6 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amacı 6" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чиста вода та належна санітарія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чиста вода та належна санітарія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48741129#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Global goal to achieve clean water and sanitation for all people by 2030</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Sustainable Development Goal 6</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sustainable_Development_Goal_06CleanWaterSanitation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Sustainable_Development_Goal_06CleanWaterSanitation.svg/220px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_06CleanWaterSanitation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Sustainable_Development_Goal_06CleanWaterSanitation.svg/330px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_06CleanWaterSanitation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Sustainable_Development_Goal_06CleanWaterSanitation.svg/440px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_06CleanWaterSanitation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mission_statement" title="Mission statement">Mission statement</a></th><td class="infobox-data">"Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial?</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type of project</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">international</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">2015</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sdgs.un.org/">sdgs<wbr />.un<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sustainable Development Goal 6</b> (<b>SDG 6</b> or <b>Global Goal 6</b>) declares the importance of achieving "clean water and <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> for all". It is one of the 17 <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> established by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> to succeed the former <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a> (MDGs). According to the United Nations, the overall goal is to: "Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all."<sup id="cite_ref-SDG6_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDG6-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal has eight targets to be achieved by 2030 covering the main areas of water supply and sanitation and sustainable water resource management. Progress toward the targets will be measured by using eleven indicators.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The six key <i>outcome targets</i> to be achieved by 2030 include: </p> <ol><li>Achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking</a> water for all,</li> <li>Achieve access to adequate and equitable <a href="/wiki/WASH" title="WASH">sanitation and hygiene</a> for all and end <a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">open defecation</a>, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations</li> <li>Improve <a href="/wiki/Water_quality" title="Water quality">water quality</a>, by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater <a href="/wiki/Wastewater_treatment" title="Wastewater treatment">(wastewater treatment)</a> and substantially increasing recycling and <a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">safe reuse</a> globally</li> <li>Substantially increase <a href="/wiki/Water-use_efficiency" title="Water-use efficiency">water-use efficiency</a> across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">freshwater</a> to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity</li> <li>Implement integrated water resources management (<a href="/wiki/Integrated_water_resources_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated water resources management">IWRM</a>), at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate</li> <li>protect and restore water-related <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a> including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes</li></ol> <p>The two <i>means of implementing targets<sup id="cite_ref-:22_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> are to expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries, and to support local engagement in sustainable and participatory water and sanitation management.<sup id="cite_ref-:110_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:110-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite <a href="/wiki/Official_development_assistance" title="Official development assistance">Official development assistance</a> (ODA) <a href="/wiki/Disbursement" title="Disbursement">disbursements</a> to the water sector increasing to $9 billion in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Joint Monitoring Programme (<a href="/wiki/Joint_Monitoring_Programme_for_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation" title="Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation">JMP</a>) of <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> reported in 2017 that 4.5 billion people still did not have <a href="/wiki/Improved_sanitation" title="Improved sanitation">safely managed sanitation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JMP20172_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMP20172-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 only 71 per cent of the global population used safely managed drinking water, and 2.2 billion persons were still without safely managed drinking water. Other water-related hazards related to flooding and drought also remain significant threats to human development and wellbeing. </p><p>Like the others, this Sustainable Development Goal is closely interwoven with the other SDGs. For example, access to clean water will improve health and wellbeing, leading to a progress in <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_3" title="Sustainable Development Goal 3">SDG3</a>; and, better health leads to a higher school attendance, progressing <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_4" title="Sustainable Development Goal 4">SDG 4</a>, improving quality education. Achieving SDG6 can only happen if other SDGs are also achieved. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niger,_Margou_(13),_water_well_with_tree.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Niger%2C_Margou_%2813%29%2C_water_well_with_tree.jpg/300px-Niger%2C_Margou_%2813%29%2C_water_well_with_tree.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Niger%2C_Margou_%2813%29%2C_water_well_with_tree.jpg/450px-Niger%2C_Margou_%2813%29%2C_water_well_with_tree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Niger%2C_Margou_%2813%29%2C_water_well_with_tree.jpg/600px-Niger%2C_Margou_%2813%29%2C_water_well_with_tree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="2384" /></a><figcaption>Families collecting water from a water well in Niger</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) has determined that access to clean water and sanitation facilities is a <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">fundamental human right</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, only a few countries have written the human right to water into enforceable legislation creating serious problems for people wishing to use legal means to promote better access.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even in those countries, such as South Africa, with a clear constitutional commitment to the <a href="/wiki/Human_right_to_water_and_sanitation" title="Human right to water and sanitation">human right to water and sanitation</a> it has proven difficult to obtain legal redress. </p><p>A review of the progress by the UN in 2020 found that "increasing donor commitments to the water sector will remain crucial to make progress towards Goal 6".<sup id="cite_ref-UNESC2020_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> estimated that to achieve SDG 6, current global spending on water needs approximately $1 trillion per year.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Targets,_indicators_and_progress"><span id="Targets.2C_indicators_and_progress"></span>Targets, indicators and progress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Targets, indicators and progress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_SDG_targets_and_indicators" class="mw-redirect" title="List of SDG targets and indicators">List of SDG targets and indicators</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_of_the_population_using_safely_managed_drinking_water,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Share_of_the_population_using_safely_managed_drinking_water%2C_OWID.svg/300px-Share_of_the_population_using_safely_managed_drinking_water%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Share_of_the_population_using_safely_managed_drinking_water%2C_OWID.svg/450px-Share_of_the_population_using_safely_managed_drinking_water%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Share_of_the_population_using_safely_managed_drinking_water%2C_OWID.svg/600px-Share_of_the_population_using_safely_managed_drinking_water%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>World map for Indicator 6.1.1 in 2015: Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_of_population_using_safely_managed_sanitation_facilities,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Share_of_population_using_safely_managed_sanitation_facilities%2C_OWID.svg/300px-Share_of_population_using_safely_managed_sanitation_facilities%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Share_of_population_using_safely_managed_sanitation_facilities%2C_OWID.svg/450px-Share_of_population_using_safely_managed_sanitation_facilities%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Share_of_population_using_safely_managed_sanitation_facilities%2C_OWID.svg/600px-Share_of_population_using_safely_managed_sanitation_facilities%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>World map for Indicator 6.2.1a in 2015: Share of population using safely managed sanitation facilities<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proportion_of_population_with_basic_handwashing_facilities_on_premises,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Proportion_of_population_with_basic_handwashing_facilities_on_premises%2C_OWID.svg/300px-Proportion_of_population_with_basic_handwashing_facilities_on_premises%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Proportion_of_population_with_basic_handwashing_facilities_on_premises%2C_OWID.svg/450px-Proportion_of_population_with_basic_handwashing_facilities_on_premises%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Proportion_of_population_with_basic_handwashing_facilities_on_premises%2C_OWID.svg/600px-Proportion_of_population_with_basic_handwashing_facilities_on_premises%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>World map for Indicator 6.2.1b in 2017: "Share of the population with basic handwashing facilities on premises"<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>SDG 6 has eight targets including two so-called "implementing targets". Six of them are to be achieved by the year 2030, one by the year 2020, and one has no target year.<sup id="cite_ref-SDG6_targets_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDG6_targets-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of the targets also has one or two indicators which will be used to measure progress. In total there are 11 indicators to monitor progress for SDG6.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main data sources for the SDG 6 targets and indicators come from the Integrated Monitoring Initiative for SDG 6 coordinated by <a href="/wiki/UN-Water" title="UN-Water">UN-Water</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:110_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:110-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The six "outcome-oriented targets" include: Safe and affordable <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a>; end <a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">open defecation</a> and provide access to <a href="/wiki/WASH" title="WASH">sanitation, and hygiene</a>, improve <a href="/wiki/Water_quality" title="Water quality">water quality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wastewater_treatment" title="Wastewater treatment">wastewater treatment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">safe reuse</a>, increase <a href="/wiki/Water-use_efficiency" title="Water-use efficiency">water-use efficiency</a> and ensure <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">freshwater</a> supplies, implement <a href="/wiki/Integrated_water_resources_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated water resources management">IWRM</a>, protect and restore water-related <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a>. The two "means of achieving" targets are to expand water and sanitation support to developing countries, and to support local engagement in water and sanitation management.<sup id="cite_ref-:110_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:110-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first three targets relate to drinking <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> services, and wastewater treatment and reuse.<sup id="cite_ref-SDG6_targets_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDG6_targets-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An SDG 6 Baseline Report in 2018 found that "less than 50 percent of countries have comparable baseline estimates for most SDG 6 global indicators".<sup id="cite_ref-:110_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:110-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31">: 31 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Target_6.1:_Safe_and_affordable_drinking_water">Target 6.1: Safe and affordable drinking water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Target 6.1: Safe and affordable drinking water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The full title of Target 6.1 is: "By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a> for all".<sup id="cite_ref-:17_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This target has one indicator: Indicator 6.1.1 is the "Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The definition of "<a href="/wiki/Improved_water_source" title="Improved water source">safely managed drinking water service</a>" is: "Drinking water from an improved water source that is located on premises, available when needed and free from fecal and priority <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">chemical contamination</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-JMP2017_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMP2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Target_6.2:_End_open_defecation_and_provide_access_to_sanitation_and_hygiene">Target 6.2: End open defecation and provide access to sanitation and hygiene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Target 6.2: End open defecation and provide access to sanitation and hygiene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The full title of Target 6.2 is: "By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">hygiene</a> for all and end <a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">open defecation</a>, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations."<sup id="cite_ref-:17_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attending school and work without disruption supports education and employment. Therefore, toilets at school and the workplace are included in the second target ("achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all"). </p><p>Equitable sanitation and hygiene solutions address the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations, such as the elderly or people with disabilities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>This target has one indicator: Indicator 6.2.1 is the "Proportion of population using (a) <a href="/wiki/Safely_managed_sanitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Safely managed sanitation">safely managed sanitation</a> services and (b) a hand-washing facility with soap and water".<sup id="cite_ref-UN2017_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The definition of "safely managed sanitation" service is: "Use of improved facilities that are not shared with other households and where excreta are safely disposed of in situ or transported and treated offsite."<sup id="cite_ref-JMP2017_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMP2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup> Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact.<sup id="cite_ref-JMP2017_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMP2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6">: 6 </span></sup> </p><p>Ending <a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">open defecation</a> will require the provision of toilets and sanitation for 2.6 billion people as well as <a href="/wiki/Behavior_change_(public_health)" title="Behavior change (public health)">behavior change</a> of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-JMP2017_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMP2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To meet SDG targets for sanitation by 2030, nearly "a third of countries will need to accelerate progress to end open defecation, including <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-SDGChildren20182_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDGChildren20182-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 79">: 79 </span></sup> This will require cooperation between <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">governments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civil society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Report_from_2019_for_Target_6.1_and_6.2">Report from 2019 for Target 6.1 and 6.2</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Report from 2019 for Target 6.1 and 6.2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Targets 6.1 and 6.2 are usually reported on together because they are both part of the <a href="/wiki/WASH" title="WASH">WASH</a> sector and have the same custodian agency, the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Monitoring_Programme_for_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation" title="Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation">Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation</a> (JMP).<sup id="cite_ref-JMP2017_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMP2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2019, the JMP released their 138-page report "Progress on household drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene 2000-2017: special focus on inequalities."<sup id="cite_ref-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Drinking_water_(Target_6.1)"><span id="Drinking_water_.28Target_6.1.29"></span>Drinking water (Target 6.1)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Drinking water (Target 6.1)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The report said that in 2017, 5.3 billion people—representing 71% of the population of the world—used a "safely managed drinking-water service—one that is "located on premises, available when needed, and free from contamination".<sup id="cite_ref-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2017, 6.8 billion people—representing 90% of the world's population—used "at least a basic service", which included "an improved drinking-water source within a round trip of 30 minutes to collect water".<sup id="cite_ref-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2017, there were still 785 million people who lacked "even a basic drinking-water service, including 144 million people who [were] dependent on surface water."<sup id="cite_ref-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The report said that approximately 2 billion people used a "drinking water source contaminated with feces".<sup id="cite_ref-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report warned that diseases, including "diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and polio" are transmitted by contaminated water, which cause about 485, 000 diarrhoeal deaths each year.<sup id="cite_ref-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It cautioned that 50% of the global population will be "living in water-stressed areas" by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2017, eighty countries provided access to clean water for more than 99% of their population.<sup id="cite_ref-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_2014_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_2014-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2000 to 2017, the global population that lacked access to clean water decreased from nearly 20% to roughly 10%.<sup id="cite_ref-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Sanitation_and_hygiene_(Target_6.2)"><span id="Sanitation_and_hygiene_.28Target_6.2.29"></span>Sanitation and hygiene (Target 6.2)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sanitation and hygiene (Target 6.2)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2017, 22% of health care facilities in the <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">least developed countries</a> had no water service, with similar numbers lacking sanitation and waste management services.<sup id="cite_ref-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The statistic in the 2017 baseline estimate by the JMP is that 4.5 billion people currently do not have safely managed sanitation.<sup id="cite_ref-JMP2017_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMP2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pit_latrines_in_Zambia_(3233256285).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pit_latrines_in_Zambia_%283233256285%29.jpg/300px-Pit_latrines_in_Zambia_%283233256285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pit_latrines_in_Zambia_%283233256285%29.jpg/450px-Pit_latrines_in_Zambia_%283233256285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pit_latrines_in_Zambia_%283233256285%29.jpg/600px-Pit_latrines_in_Zambia_%283233256285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Unimproved sanitation example: <a href="/wiki/Pit_latrine" title="Pit latrine">pit latrine</a> without slab in <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a>, Zambia</figcaption></figure> <p>Globally, the proportion of the population using safely managed sanitation services increased from 28 percent in 2000 to 45 percent in 2017. <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="The Caribbean">the Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">East and Southeast Asia</a> recorded the largest increase. In total, there are still 701 million people around the world who still had to practice open defecation in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This number had reduced in 2020 to 673 million persons who practised open defecation.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESC2020_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Target_6.3:_Improve_water_quality,_wastewater_treatment,_and_safe_reuse"><span id="Target_6.3:_Improve_water_quality.2C_wastewater_treatment.2C_and_safe_reuse"></span>Target 6.3: Improve water quality, wastewater treatment, and safe reuse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Target 6.3: Improve water quality, wastewater treatment, and safe reuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Target 6.3 is formulated as "By 2030, improve <a href="/wiki/Water_quality" title="Water quality">water quality</a> by reducing <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">pollution</a>, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_goods" title="Dangerous goods">hazardous chemicals</a> and materials, halving the proportion of <a href="/wiki/Wastewater_treatment" title="Wastewater treatment">untreated wastewater</a> and substantially increasing recycling and <a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">safe reuse</a> globally".<sup id="cite_ref-:17_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also a sanitation-related target, as wastewater treatment is part of sanitation. </p><p>The target has two indicators:<sup id="cite_ref-UN2017_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Indicator 6.3.1: Proportion of <a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">domestic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_wastewater_treatment" title="Industrial wastewater treatment">industrial wastewater</a> flows safely treated</li> <li>Indicator 6.3.2: Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality</li></ul> <p>The current status for Indicator 6.3.2 is that: "Preliminary estimates from 79 mostly high- and higher-middle income countries in 2019 suggest that, in about one quarter of the countries, less than half of all household wastewater flows were treated safely."<sup id="cite_ref-UNESC2020_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Preserving natural sources of water is very important to achieve universal access to safe and affordable<a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_man_selling_drinking_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/A_man_selling_drinking_water.jpg/300px-A_man_selling_drinking_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/A_man_selling_drinking_water.jpg/450px-A_man_selling_drinking_water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/A_man_selling_drinking_water.jpg/600px-A_man_selling_drinking_water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption>A man selling drinking water</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Target_6.4:_Increase_water-use_efficiency_and_ensure_freshwater_supplies">Target 6.4: Increase water-use efficiency and ensure freshwater supplies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Target 6.4: Increase water-use efficiency and ensure freshwater supplies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Target 6.4 is formulated as "By 2030, substantially increase <a href="/wiki/Water-use_efficiency" title="Water-use efficiency">water-use efficiency</a> across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">supply of freshwater</a> to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from <a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">water scarcity</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:17_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This target has two indicators:<sup id="cite_ref-UN2017_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Indicator 6.4.1: Change in water-use efficiency over time</li> <li>Indicator 6.4.2: Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources</li></ul> <p>Water Stress Indicator:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <pre> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle WaterStress(\%)=\left({\frac {TFWW}{TRWR-EFR}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>W</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mi>F</mi> <mi>W</mi> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>W</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mi>F</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle WaterStress(\%)=\left({\frac {TFWW}{TRWR-EFR}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/696d537cdc617d4ea72ddfc98dd787112f9492e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:40.11ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle WaterStress(\%)=\left({\frac {TFWW}{TRWR-EFR}}\right)}"></span> </pre> <p>Where: </p><p>TFWW = Total freshwater withdrawn, where year to which it refers will be provided </p><p>TRWR = Total renewable freshwater resources </p><p>EFR = Environmental flows requirements<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current situation regarding water stress was summarized as follows: "In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Central and Southern Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">Northern Africa</a> registered very high water stress – defined as the ratio of freshwater withdrawn to total renewable freshwater resources – of more than 70 percent". This is followed by <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">Eastern Asia</a>, with high water stress of 54 percent and 46 percent, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESC2020_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Target_6.5:_Implement_IWRM">Target 6.5: Implement IWRM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Target 6.5: Implement IWRM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Target 6.5 is formulated as: "By 2030, implement <a href="/wiki/Integrated_water_resources_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated water resources management">integrated water resources management</a> at all levels, including through <a href="/wiki/International_waters" title="International waters">transboundary</a> cooperation as appropriate."<sup id="cite_ref-:17_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two indicators include:<sup id="cite_ref-UN2017_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Indicator 6.5.1 Degree of integrated water resources management</li> <li>Indicator 6.5.2 Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation</li></ul> <p>A review in 2020 stated that: "In 2018, 60 percent of 172 countries reported very low, low and medium-low levels of implementation of integrated water resources management and were unlikely to meet the implementation target by 2030."<sup id="cite_ref-UNESC2020_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Target_6.6:_Protect_and_restore_water-related_ecosystems">Target 6.6: Protect and restore water-related ecosystems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Target 6.6: Protect and restore water-related ecosystems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Target 6.6 is: "By 2020, protect and restore water-related <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lakes</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:17_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has one indicator: Indicator 6.6.1 is the "Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time".<sup id="cite_ref-UN2017_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This indicator monitoring methodology is framed around five sub-indicators:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>spatial extent of water-related ecosystems (from satellite data)</li> <li>water quality of lakes and artificial water bodies (from satellite data)</li> <li>quantity of water (discharge) in rivers and estuaries (in situ data)</li> <li>water quality imported from SDG Indicator 6.3.2 (in situ data)</li> <li>quantity of groundwater within aquifers (in situ data)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Target_6.a:_Expand_water_and_sanitation_support_to_developing_countries">Target 6.a: Expand water and sanitation support to developing countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Target 6.a: Expand water and sanitation support to developing countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Target 6.a is: "By 2030, expand international cooperation and <a href="/wiki/Capacity_building" title="Capacity building">capacity-building</a> support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including <a href="/wiki/Rainwater_harvesting" title="Rainwater harvesting">water harvesting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desalination" title="Desalination">desalination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_efficiency" title="Water efficiency">water efficiency</a>, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies."<sup id="cite_ref-:17_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has one indicator: Indicator 6.a.1 is the "Amount of water- and sanitation-related <a href="/wiki/Official_development_assistance" title="Official development assistance">official development assistance</a> that is part of a government-coordinated spending plan".<sup id="cite_ref-UN2017_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2020 the UN progress report stated that "ODA disbursements to the water sector increased to $9 billion, or 6 per cent, in 2018, following a decrease in such disbursements in 2017".<sup id="cite_ref-UNESC2020_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Target_6.b:_Support_local_engagement_in_water_and_sanitation_management">Target 6.b: Support local engagement in water and sanitation management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Target 6.b: Support local engagement in water and sanitation management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Target 6.b is: "Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management."<sup id="cite_ref-:17_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has one indicator: Indicator 6.b.1 is the "Proportion of <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">local administrative units</a> with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management".<sup id="cite_ref-UN2017_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Custodian_agencies">Custodian agencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Custodian agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Custodian agencies are in charge of reporting on the following indicators:<sup id="cite_ref-JMP2017_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMP2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:110_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:110-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Indicator 6.1.1 and 6.2.1: <a href="/wiki/Joint_Monitoring_Programme_for_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation" title="Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation">Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation</a> (JMP). The JMP is a joint program of <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> and compiles data to monitor the progress of Target 6.1 and Target 6.2.</li> <li>Indicator 6.3.1: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-Habitat</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a></li> <li>Indicator 6.3.2: Global Environment Monitoring System for Freshwater (GEMS/Water), International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change (<a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>-IHP); Federal Institute of Hydrology, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li>Indicators 6.4.1 and 6.4.2: <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_Corporate_Statistical_Database" title="Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database">FAOSTAT</a> - AQUASTAT</li> <li>Indicator 6.5.1: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a>-DHI Centre</li> <li>Indicator 6.5.2: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Europe">UNECE</a> and UNESCO-IHP</li> <li>Indicator 6.6.1: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Conservation_Monitoring_Centre" title="World Conservation Monitoring Centre">World Conservation Monitoring Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Water_Management_Institute" title="International Water Management Institute">International Water Management Institute</a> (IWMI)</li> <li>Indicators 6.a.1 and 6.b.1: <a href="/wiki/UN-Water" title="UN-Water">UN-Water</a> Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Challenges">Challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">Water security</a> and <a href="/wiki/WASH#Challenges" title="WASH">WASH § Challenges</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals#Challenges" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals § Challenges</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/WASH#Climate_change" title="WASH">WASH § Climate change</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Water_security#Climate_change" title="Water security">Water security § Climate change</a></div> <p>Climate change makes it harder to achieve SDG 6 Target 1 (universal access to safe drinking water).<sup id="cite_ref-Katrina2022_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katrina2022-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because climate change can increase <i>weather-related shocks,</i> namely droughts, heavy rain and temperature extremes. This, in turn can cause damage to water infrastructure and water scarcity.<sup id="cite_ref-Katrina2022_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katrina2022-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic">Impact of COVID-19 pandemic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> significantly affected the ability of water utilities to meet SDG 6 by increasing losses on revenues that would otherwise be used to make investments.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has also greatly affected the urban poor living in the slums with little or no access to clean water.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pandemic has shown the importance of sanitation, hygiene and adequate access to clean water to prevent diseases. According to the World Health Organization, handwashing is one of the most effective actions one can take to reduce the spread of pathogens and prevent infections, including the COVID-19 virus.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monitoring_progress">Monitoring progress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Monitoring progress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Implementation of the SDGs implies continuous monitoring and periodic evaluation to check whether the direction and pace of development are right.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-level progress reports for all the SDGs are published in the form of reports by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">United Nations Secretary General</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESC2020_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, updates and progress can also be found on the SDG website which is managed by the United Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2020, <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">United Nations Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> said: “Today, Sustainable Development Goal 6 is badly off track" and it “is hindering progress on the <a href="/wiki/2030_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="2030 Agenda">2030 Agenda</a>, the realization of human rights and the achievement of peace and security around the world".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Academics and practitioners continue to debate exactly how best to assess progress towards SDG6, with some continuing to champion resource-based approaches whilst others prefer to emphasise experience-based metrics.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experience-based metrics such as the "Household Water Insecurity Experiences" (HWISE) scale have proven a useful complement to resource-based approaches for assessing SDG progress, applied research of water insecurity dynamics, and monitoring and evaluation of development programmes.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Links_with_other_SDGs">Links with other SDGs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Links with other SDGs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sustainable_Development_Goals.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sustainable_Development_Goals.png/220px-Sustainable_Development_Goals.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sustainable_Development_Goals.png/330px-Sustainable_Development_Goals.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sustainable_Development_Goals.png/440px-Sustainable_Development_Goals.png 2x" data-file-width="4807" data-file-height="2883" /></a><figcaption>Sustainable Development Goals</figcaption></figure> <p>The SDGs are highly interdependent. Therefore, the provision of clean water and sanitation for all is a precursor to achieving many of the other SDGs.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/WASH" title="WASH">WASH</a> experts have stated that without progress on Goal 6, the other goals and targets cannot be achieved.<sup id="cite_ref-IPSnews_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPSnews-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-batty_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batty-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For example, sanitation improvements can lead to more jobs (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_8" title="Sustainable Development Goal 8">SDG 8</a>) which would also lead to economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SDG 6 progress improves <a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">health</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_3" title="Sustainable Development Goal 3">SDG 3</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_16" title="Sustainable Development Goal 16">SDG 16</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recovering the resources embedded in excreta and wastewater (like nutrients, water, and energy) contributes to achieving <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_12" title="Sustainable Development Goal 12">SDG 12</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumption" title="Sustainable consumption">sustainable consumption</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_production&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sustainable production (page does not exist)">production</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_2" title="Sustainable Development Goal 2">SDG 2</a> (end hunger). Ensuring adequate sanitation and wastewater management along the entire value chain in cities contributes to <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_11" title="Sustainable Development Goal 11">SDG 11</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable cities">sustainable cities</a> and communities) and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_1" title="Sustainable Development Goal 1">SDG 1</a> (no poverty).<sup id="cite_ref-:10_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sanitation systems with a <a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_excreta" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuse of excreta">resource recovery</a> and reuse focus are getting increased attention.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can contribute to achieving at least fourteen of the SDGs, especially in an urban context.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Sanitation_Alliance" title="Sustainable Sanitation Alliance">Sustainable Sanitation Alliance</a> (SuSanA) has made it its mission to help achieve Targets 6.2 and 6.3.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Global organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>, <a href="/wiki/WaterAid" title="WaterAid">WaterAid</a> and many small <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGOs</a> as well as universities, research centers, private enterprises, government-owned entities etc. are all part of SuSanA and are dedicated to achieving SDG 6.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_right_to_water_and_sanitation" title="Human right to water and sanitation">Human right to water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">Water security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SDG6-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SDG6_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation.html">"Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation"</a>. <i>UNDP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNDP&rft.atitle=Goal+6%3A+Clean+water+and+sanitation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fsustainable-development-goals%2Fgoal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goal+6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, <a href="/wiki/File:A_RES_71_313_E.pdf" title="File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf">Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313">A/RES/71/313</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:22_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartramBrocklehurstBradleyMuller2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bartram, Jamie; 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/2715">the original</a> on 2017-11-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contribution+of+sustainable+sanitation+to+the+Agenda+2030+for+sustainable+development+-+SuSanA+Vision+Document+2017&rft.pub=SuSanA%2C+Eschborn%2C+Germany&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.susana.org%2Fen%2Fknowledge-hub%2Fresources-and-publications%2Flibrary%2Fdetails%2F2715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goal+6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/2715">"Contribution of sustainable sanitation to the Agenda 2030 for sustainable development - SuSanA Vision Document 2017"</a>. SuSanA, Eschborn, Germany. 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contribution+of+sustainable+sanitation+to+the+Agenda+2030+for+sustainable+development+-+SuSanA+Vision+Document+2017&rft.pub=SuSanA%2C+Eschborn%2C+Germany&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.susana.org%2Fen%2Fknowledge-hub%2Fresources-and-publications%2Flibrary%2Fdetails%2F2715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goal+6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.8em 0.8em; width: 18.55em; 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