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class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Università degli Studi di Torino</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://unito.academia.edu/MarcoGamba"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Marco Gamba related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/529195/187862/218973/s200_marco.gamba.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://unito.academia.edu/MarcoGamba">Marco Gamba</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Università degli Studi di Torino</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div 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class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://unito.academia.edu/Giacoma"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Cristina Giacoma related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/45473531/41988350/33840387/s200_cristina.giacoma.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://unito.academia.edu/Giacoma">Cristina Giacoma</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Università degli Studi di Torino</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LongoMiaretsoa"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Longondraza Miaretsoa related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/31284525/9209344/18689954/s200_longondraza.miaretsoa.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LongoMiaretsoa">Longondraza Miaretsoa</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AngeliqueTodd"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Angelique Todd related author profile picture" border="0" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AngeliqueTodd">Angelique Todd</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/ArnaudRey"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Arnaud Rey related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" src="https://gravatar.com/avatar/5cbfcb726e8c1f86a2dd90b852bfe658?s=200" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/ArnaudRey">Arnaud Rey</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / French National Centre for Scientific Research</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuanCarranza29"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Juan Carranza related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/116174154/28978203/27033471/s200_juan.carranza.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuanCarranza29">Juan Carranza</a></div></div></ul></div><style type="text/css">.suggested-academics--header h3{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px}</style><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Livio Favaro</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33422941"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33422941/Modeling_individual_vocal_differences_in_group_living_lemurs_using_vocal_tract_morphology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Modeling individual vocal differences in group-living lemurs using vocal tract morphology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53474462/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33422941/Modeling_individual_vocal_differences_in_group_living_lemurs_using_vocal_tract_morphology">Modeling individual vocal differences in group-living lemurs using vocal tract morphology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/MarcoGamba">Marco Gamba</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/Giacoma">Cristina Giacoma</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Vocal individuality is widespread in social animals. Individual variation in vocalizations is a p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Vocal individuality is widespread in social animals. Individual variation in vocalizations is a prerequisite for discriminating among conspecifics and may have facilitated the evolution of large complex societies. Ring-tailed lemurs Lemur catta live in relatively large social groups, have conspicuous vocal repertoires, and their species-specific utterances can be interpreted in light of source-filter theory of vocal production. Indeed, their utterances allow individual discrimination and even recognition thanks to the resonance frequencies of the vocal tract. The purpose of this study is to determine which distinctive vocal features can be derived from the morphology of the upper vocal tract. To accomplish this, we built computational models derived from anatomical measurements collected on lemur cadavers and compared the results with the spectrographic output of vocalizations recorded from ex situ live individuals. Our results demonstrate that the morphological variation of the ring-tailed lemur vocal tract explains individual distinctiveness of their species-specific utterances. We also provide further evidence that vocal tract modeling is a powerful tool for studying the vocal output of non-human primates.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e5be97a183c63160828b48e57d8282cc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53474462,"asset_id":33422941,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53474462/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33422941"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33422941"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33422941; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33422941]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33422941]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33422941; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33422941']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e5be97a183c63160828b48e57d8282cc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33422941]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33422941,"title":"Modeling individual vocal differences in group-living lemurs using vocal tract morphology","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Vocal individuality is widespread in social animals. Individual variation in vocalizations is a prerequisite for discriminating among conspecifics and may have facilitated the evolution of large complex societies. Ring-tailed lemurs Lemur catta live in relatively large social groups, have conspicuous vocal repertoires, and their species-specific utterances can be interpreted in light of source-filter theory of vocal production. Indeed, their utterances allow individual discrimination and even recognition thanks to the resonance frequencies of the vocal tract. The purpose of this study is to determine which distinctive vocal features can be derived from the morphology of the upper vocal tract. To accomplish this, we built computational models derived from anatomical measurements collected on lemur cadavers and compared the results with the spectrographic output of vocalizations recorded from ex situ live individuals. Our results demonstrate that the morphological variation of the ring-tailed lemur vocal tract explains individual distinctiveness of their species-specific utterances. We also provide further evidence that vocal tract modeling is a powerful tool for studying the vocal output of non-human primates."},"translated_abstract":"Vocal individuality is widespread in social animals. Individual variation in vocalizations is a prerequisite for discriminating among conspecifics and may have facilitated the evolution of large complex societies. Ring-tailed lemurs Lemur catta live in relatively large social groups, have conspicuous vocal repertoires, and their species-specific utterances can be interpreted in light of source-filter theory of vocal production. Indeed, their utterances allow individual discrimination and even recognition thanks to the resonance frequencies of the vocal tract. 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Squadrone</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The presence of xenobiotics, such as metals, in ecosystems is concerning due to their durability ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The presence of xenobiotics, such as metals, in ecosystems is concerning due to their durability and they pose a threat to the health and life of organisms. Moreover, mercury can biomagnify in many marine food chains and, therefore, organisms at higher trophic levels can be adversely impacted. Although feathers have been used extensively as a bio-monitoring tool, only a few studies have addressed the effect of both age and sex on metal accumulation. In this study, the concentrations of trace elements were determined in the feathers of all members of a captive colony of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) housed in a zoological facility in Italy. Tests were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to detect aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Mercury was detected by a direct mercury analyzer. Sexing was performed by a molecular approach based on analyzing the chromo-helicase-DNA-binding1 gene, located on the sex chromosomes. Sex-and age-related differences were studied in order to investigate the different patterns of metal bioaccumulation between male and female individuals and between adults and juveniles. Juvenile females had significantly higher arsenic levels than males, while selenium levels increased significantly with age in both sexes. Penguins kept in controlled environments-given that diet and habitat are under strict control-represent a unique opportunity to determine if and how metal bioaccumulation is related to sex and age.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5d15e8f39d073c683c60c48b7c256034" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473287,"asset_id":33421446,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473287/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421446"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421446"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421446; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421446]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421446]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421446; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421446']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5d15e8f39d073c683c60c48b7c256034" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421446]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421446,"title":"Sex-and age-related variation in metal content of penguin feathers","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The presence of xenobiotics, such as metals, in ecosystems is concerning due to their durability and they pose a threat to the health and life of organisms. 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Moreover, mercury can biomagnify in many marine food chains and, therefore, organisms at higher trophic levels can be adversely impacted. Although feathers have been used extensively as a bio-monitoring tool, only a few studies have addressed the effect of both age and sex on metal accumulation. In this study, the concentrations of trace elements were determined in the feathers of all members of a captive colony of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) housed in a zoological facility in Italy. Tests were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to detect aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Mercury was detected by a direct mercury analyzer. Sexing was performed by a molecular approach based on analyzing the chromo-helicase-DNA-binding1 gene, located on the sex chromosomes. Sex-and age-related differences were studied in order to investigate the different patterns of metal bioaccumulation between male and female individuals and between adults and juveniles. Juvenile females had significantly higher arsenic levels than males, while selenium levels increased significantly with age in both sexes. 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The goat (Capra hircus)i sav ery social species, in which vocal communication and recognition are important. We tested the reliability of aM ulti-Layer Perceptron (feed-forward Artificial Neural Network, ANN)t oa utomate the process of classification of calls according to individual identity,g roup membership and maturation in this species. Vo calisations were obtained from 10 half-sibling (same father butdifferent mothers)goat kids, belonging to 3d istinct social groups. We recorded 157 contact calls emitted during first week, and 164 additional calls recorded from the same individuals at 5w eeks. Fore ach call, we measured 27 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters using ac ustom built program in Praat software. Fore ach classification task we built stratified 10-fold cross-validated neural networks. The input nodes corresponded to the acoustic parameters measured on each signal. ANNs were trained with the error-back-propagation algorithm. The number of hidden units wasset to the number of attributes + classes. Each model wast rained for 350 epochs (learning rate 0.2; momentum 0.2). To estimate areliable error for the models, we repeated 10-fold cross-validation iterations 10 times and calculated the average predictive performance. The accuracywas 71.13 ±1.16% for vocal individuality,79.59 ±0.75% for social group and 91.37 ±0.76% for age of the vocalising animal. Our results demonstrate that ANNs are apowerful tool for studying vocal cues to individuality,group membership and maturation in contact calls. The performances we achievedwere higher than those obtained for the same classification tasks using classical statistical methods such as Discriminant Function Analysis. Further studies, investigating the reliability of these algorithms for the real-time classification of contact calls and comparing ANNs with other machine learning techniques are important to develop technology to remotely monitor the vocalisations of domestic livestock.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cbf4f708f6105318c2547bae4380b4be" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473266,"asset_id":33421429,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473266/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421429"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421429"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421429; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421429]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421429]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421429; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421429']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cbf4f708f6105318c2547bae4380b4be" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421429]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421429,"title":"Artificial Neural Network Approachfor Revealing Individuality,Group Membership and Age Information in Goat Kid Contact Calls","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Machine learning techniques are becoming an important tool for studying animal vocal communication. The goat (Capra hircus)i sav ery social species, in which vocal communication and recognition are important. We tested the reliability of aM ulti-Layer Perceptron (feed-forward Artificial Neural Network, ANN)t oa utomate the process of classification of calls according to individual identity,g roup membership and maturation in this species. Vo calisations were obtained from 10 half-sibling (same father butdifferent mothers)goat kids, belonging to 3d istinct social groups. We recorded 157 contact calls emitted during first week, and 164 additional calls recorded from the same individuals at 5w eeks. Fore ach call, we measured 27 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters using ac ustom built program in Praat software. Fore ach classification task we built stratified 10-fold cross-validated neural networks. The input nodes corresponded to the acoustic parameters measured on each signal. ANNs were trained with the error-back-propagation algorithm. The number of hidden units wasset to the number of attributes + classes. Each model wast rained for 350 epochs (learning rate 0.2; momentum 0.2). To estimate areliable error for the models, we repeated 10-fold cross-validation iterations 10 times and calculated the average predictive performance. The accuracywas 71.13 ±1.16% for vocal individuality,79.59 ±0.75% for social group and 91.37 ±0.76% for age of the vocalising animal. Our results demonstrate that ANNs are apowerful tool for studying vocal cues to individuality,group membership and maturation in contact calls. The performances we achievedwere higher than those obtained for the same classification tasks using classical statistical methods such as Discriminant Function Analysis. Further studies, investigating the reliability of these algorithms for the real-time classification of contact calls and comparing ANNs with other machine learning techniques are important to develop technology to remotely monitor the vocalisations of domestic livestock."},"translated_abstract":"Machine learning techniques are becoming an important tool for studying animal vocal communication. The goat (Capra hircus)i sav ery social species, in which vocal communication and recognition are important. We tested the reliability of aM ulti-Layer Perceptron (feed-forward Artificial Neural Network, ANN)t oa utomate the process of classification of calls according to individual identity,g roup membership and maturation in this species. Vo calisations were obtained from 10 half-sibling (same father butdifferent mothers)goat kids, belonging to 3d istinct social groups. We recorded 157 contact calls emitted during first week, and 164 additional calls recorded from the same individuals at 5w eeks. Fore ach call, we measured 27 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters using ac ustom built program in Praat software. Fore ach classification task we built stratified 10-fold cross-validated neural networks. The input nodes corresponded to the acoustic parameters measured on each signal. ANNs were trained with the error-back-propagation algorithm. The number of hidden units wasset to the number of attributes + classes. Each model wast rained for 350 epochs (learning rate 0.2; momentum 0.2). To estimate areliable error for the models, we repeated 10-fold cross-validation iterations 10 times and calculated the average predictive performance. The accuracywas 71.13 ±1.16% for vocal individuality,79.59 ±0.75% for social group and 91.37 ±0.76% for age of the vocalising animal. Our results demonstrate that ANNs are apowerful tool for studying vocal cues to individuality,group membership and maturation in contact calls. The performances we achievedwere higher than those obtained for the same classification tasks using classical statistical methods such as Discriminant Function Analysis. Further studies, investigating the reliability of these algorithms for the real-time classification of contact calls and comparing ANNs with other machine learning techniques are important to develop technology to remotely monitor the vocalisations of domestic livestock.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33421429/Artificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Revealing_Individuality_Group_Membership_and_Age_Information_in_Goat_Kid_Contact_Calls","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-06-12T04:13:40.850-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38868098,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29299546,"work_id":33421429,"tagging_user_id":38868098,"tagged_user_id":570936,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"e***r@qmul.ac.uk","affiliation":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)","display_order":2,"name":"Elodie Briefer","title":"Artificial Neural Network Approachfor Revealing Individuality,Group Membership and Age Information in Goat Kid Contact Calls"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53473266,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473266/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2014.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473266/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Artificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Re.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473266/Favaro_2014-libre.pdf?1497266126=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArtificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Re.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=I~Htz6SlZWvzo9rXVHhaP7oOCmxiCi7g0~kNEDzGCvsnFzT09QlnjhnsPpIOggkwODST4Ltf0fbSxkcgD-~~ZcaZvKN5JPlr7LwZ7t-vEpmeegier4iJZPqQBTs0H3KJq54fsUGXxdjiCMoOtK7c5XH3Dld1D3C~UO5cl2RxJhGmhTQhk~Ve9DJMskIsZUBaTZ9VHpLWSkghubVLo8sJhemKOgdl95tttHDFYfGXLsx-VO4rJc9OAP-T6x8n5eTCzwnEZIXG9LJ6nRQ97tC1FYIKv4W8ttZKAGrymLP3bS1WzdoE~gkTItWlGH8QVe619WWYsh945l6uwNBzBc6RlA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Artificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Revealing_Individuality_Group_Membership_and_Age_Information_in_Goat_Kid_Contact_Calls","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Machine learning techniques are becoming an important tool for studying animal vocal communication. The goat (Capra hircus)i sav ery social species, in which vocal communication and recognition are important. We tested the reliability of aM ulti-Layer Perceptron (feed-forward Artificial Neural Network, ANN)t oa utomate the process of classification of calls according to individual identity,g roup membership and maturation in this species. Vo calisations were obtained from 10 half-sibling (same father butdifferent mothers)goat kids, belonging to 3d istinct social groups. We recorded 157 contact calls emitted during first week, and 164 additional calls recorded from the same individuals at 5w eeks. Fore ach call, we measured 27 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters using ac ustom built program in Praat software. Fore ach classification task we built stratified 10-fold cross-validated neural networks. The input nodes corresponded to the acoustic parameters measured on each signal. ANNs were trained with the error-back-propagation algorithm. The number of hidden units wasset to the number of attributes + classes. Each model wast rained for 350 epochs (learning rate 0.2; momentum 0.2). To estimate areliable error for the models, we repeated 10-fold cross-validation iterations 10 times and calculated the average predictive performance. The accuracywas 71.13 ±1.16% for vocal individuality,79.59 ±0.75% for social group and 91.37 ±0.76% for age of the vocalising animal. Our results demonstrate that ANNs are apowerful tool for studying vocal cues to individuality,group membership and maturation in contact calls. The performances we achievedwere higher than those obtained for the same classification tasks using classical statistical methods such as Discriminant Function Analysis. Further studies, investigating the reliability of these algorithms for the real-time classification of contact calls and comparing ANNs with other machine learning techniques are important to develop technology to remotely monitor the vocalisations of domestic livestock.","owner":{"id":38868098,"first_name":"Livio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Favaro","page_name":"LivioFavaro","domain_name":"unito","created_at":"2015-11-22T01:04:01.809-08:00","display_name":"Livio Favaro","url":"https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro"},"attachments":[{"id":53473266,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473266/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2014.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473266/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Artificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Re.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473266/Favaro_2014-libre.pdf?1497266126=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArtificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Re.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=I~Htz6SlZWvzo9rXVHhaP7oOCmxiCi7g0~kNEDzGCvsnFzT09QlnjhnsPpIOggkwODST4Ltf0fbSxkcgD-~~ZcaZvKN5JPlr7LwZ7t-vEpmeegier4iJZPqQBTs0H3KJq54fsUGXxdjiCMoOtK7c5XH3Dld1D3C~UO5cl2RxJhGmhTQhk~Ve9DJMskIsZUBaTZ9VHpLWSkghubVLo8sJhemKOgdl95tttHDFYfGXLsx-VO4rJc9OAP-T6x8n5eTCzwnEZIXG9LJ6nRQ97tC1FYIKv4W8ttZKAGrymLP3bS1WzdoE~gkTItWlGH8QVe619WWYsh945l6uwNBzBc6RlA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33421412"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421412/Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_individual_identity_in_banded_penguins"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Acoustic correlates of body size and individual identity in banded penguins" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473248/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421412/Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_individual_identity_in_banded_penguins">Acoustic correlates of body size and individual identity in banded penguins</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/MarcoGamba">Marco Gamba</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Animal vocalisations play a role in individual recognition and mate choice. In nesting penguins ,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Animal vocalisations play a role in individual recognition and mate choice. In nesting penguins , acoustic variation in vocalisations originates from distinctiveness in the morphology of the vocal apparatus. Using the source-filter theory approach, we investigated vocal individuality cues and correlates of body size and mass in the ecstatic display songs the Hum-boldt and Magellanic penguins. We demonstrate that both fundamental frequency (f 0) and formants (F 1-F 4) are essential vocal features to discriminate among individuals. However, we show that only duration and f 0 are honest indicators of the body size and mass, respectively. We did not find any effect of body dimension on formants, formant dispersion nor estimated vocal tract length of the emitters. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract do not correlate with body size in penguins. Our results add important information to a growing body of literature on the role of the different vocal parameters in conveying biologically meaningful information in bird vocalisations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c493aaa947129efe4c4b4599adb6706a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473248,"asset_id":33421412,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473248/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421412"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421412"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421412; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421412]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421412]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421412; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421412']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c493aaa947129efe4c4b4599adb6706a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421412]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421412,"title":"Acoustic correlates of body size and individual identity in banded penguins","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Animal vocalisations play a role in individual recognition and mate choice. In nesting penguins , acoustic variation in vocalisations originates from distinctiveness in the morphology of the vocal apparatus. Using the source-filter theory approach, we investigated vocal individuality cues and correlates of body size and mass in the ecstatic display songs the Hum-boldt and Magellanic penguins. We demonstrate that both fundamental frequency (f 0) and formants (F 1-F 4) are essential vocal features to discriminate among individuals. However, we show that only duration and f 0 are honest indicators of the body size and mass, respectively. We did not find any effect of body dimension on formants, formant dispersion nor estimated vocal tract length of the emitters. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract do not correlate with body size in penguins. Our results add important information to a growing body of literature on the role of the different vocal parameters in conveying biologically meaningful information in bird vocalisations.","ai_title_tag":"Vocal Cues of Identity and Size in Banded Penguins","journal_name":"Acta Acustica United with Acustica"},"translated_abstract":"Animal vocalisations play a role in individual recognition and mate choice. In nesting penguins , acoustic variation in vocalisations originates from distinctiveness in the morphology of the vocal apparatus. Using the source-filter theory approach, we investigated vocal individuality cues and correlates of body size and mass in the ecstatic display songs the Hum-boldt and Magellanic penguins. We demonstrate that both fundamental frequency (f 0) and formants (F 1-F 4) are essential vocal features to discriminate among individuals. However, we show that only duration and f 0 are honest indicators of the body size and mass, respectively. We did not find any effect of body dimension on formants, formant dispersion nor estimated vocal tract length of the emitters. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract do not correlate with body size in penguins. Our results add important information to a growing body of literature on the role of the different vocal parameters in conveying biologically meaningful information in bird vocalisations.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33421412/Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_individual_identity_in_banded_penguins","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-06-12T04:12:05.802-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38868098,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29299528,"work_id":33421412,"tagging_user_id":38868098,"tagged_user_id":529195,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***a@unito.it","affiliation":"Università degli Studi di Torino","display_order":1,"name":"Marco Gamba","title":"Acoustic correlates of body size and individual identity in banded penguins"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53473248,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473248/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2017.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473248/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_ind.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473248/Favaro_2017-libre.pdf?1497266128=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAcoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_ind.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=L31mO-zgSssTTSwNbLIpK~EkP-g-I79zwPAnd4~H0MOIPwAvxXN9MZh-gT9Rvw3~rYzHod3Z-RLjlX~dO7MRwzwFx~fgtkANAd2Qv~tQGsQXqgpQ5Y2gzSbOhJxsTKqhg8isxF-4oe7g1q0i7QIW30lQZfs2OVgki9Ij8d4Nf4WsrK~vGBV8-SBpsPjn0DssKiShF~Pda6QXoUwiigID-aGx5mps4KCpQ5h3DUQ5qzXdjCdzVQiotj1z0ov0KOteK8ir~4QjTp8Djd~LTJmtAW-G~6PViqOTKy1F52ZToZf8v3q5W14sG4akNH~ddlf~ROgBtceaugM1Rhc2u1KiZQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_individual_identity_in_banded_penguins","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Animal vocalisations play a role in individual recognition and mate choice. In nesting penguins , acoustic variation in vocalisations originates from distinctiveness in the morphology of the vocal apparatus. Using the source-filter theory approach, we investigated vocal individuality cues and correlates of body size and mass in the ecstatic display songs the Hum-boldt and Magellanic penguins. We demonstrate that both fundamental frequency (f 0) and formants (F 1-F 4) are essential vocal features to discriminate among individuals. However, we show that only duration and f 0 are honest indicators of the body size and mass, respectively. We did not find any effect of body dimension on formants, formant dispersion nor estimated vocal tract length of the emitters. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract do not correlate with body size in penguins. Our results add important information to a growing body of literature on the role of the different vocal parameters in conveying biologically meaningful information in bird vocalisations.","owner":{"id":38868098,"first_name":"Livio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Favaro","page_name":"LivioFavaro","domain_name":"unito","created_at":"2015-11-22T01:04:01.809-08:00","display_name":"Livio Favaro","url":"https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro"},"attachments":[{"id":53473248,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473248/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2017.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473248/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_ind.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473248/Favaro_2017-libre.pdf?1497266128=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAcoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_ind.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=L31mO-zgSssTTSwNbLIpK~EkP-g-I79zwPAnd4~H0MOIPwAvxXN9MZh-gT9Rvw3~rYzHod3Z-RLjlX~dO7MRwzwFx~fgtkANAd2Qv~tQGsQXqgpQ5Y2gzSbOhJxsTKqhg8isxF-4oe7g1q0i7QIW30lQZfs2OVgki9Ij8d4Nf4WsrK~vGBV8-SBpsPjn0DssKiShF~Pda6QXoUwiigID-aGx5mps4KCpQ5h3DUQ5qzXdjCdzVQiotj1z0ov0KOteK8ir~4QjTp8Djd~LTJmtAW-G~6PViqOTKy1F52ZToZf8v3q5W14sG4akNH~ddlf~ROgBtceaugM1Rhc2u1KiZQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33421407"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421407/Vocal_individuality_cues_in_the_African_penguin_Spheniscus_demersus_a_source_filter_theory_approach"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vocal individuality cues in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus): a source-filter theory approach" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473244/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421407/Vocal_individuality_cues_in_the_African_penguin_Spheniscus_demersus_a_source_filter_theory_approach">Vocal individuality cues in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus): a source-filter theory approach</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa. In penguins of the genus Sph...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa. In penguins of the genus Spheniscus vocalisations are important for social recognition. However, it is not clear which acoustic features of calls can encode individual identity information. We recorded contact calls and ecstatic display songs of 12 adult birds from a captive colony. For each vocalisation, we measured 31 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters related to both source and filter components of calls. For each parameter, we calculated the Potential of Individual Coding (PIC). The acoustic parameters showing PIC ≥ 1.1 were used to perform a stepwise cross-validated discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA correctly classified 66.1% of the contact calls and 62.5% of display songs to the correct individual. The DFA also resulted in the further selection of 10 acoustic features for contact calls and 9 for display songs that were important for vocal individuality. Our results suggest that studying the anatomical constraints that influence nesting penguin vocalisations from a source-filter perspective, can lead to a much better understanding of the acoustic cues of individuality contained in their calls. This approach could be further extended to study and understand vocal communication in other bird species. Animal vocalisations have the potential to provide a variety of information about age, body size, sex, social status, and behavioural state of the emitter 1,2. Vocalisations are also a prominent channel for signalling individual identity to conspecifics 3–8. Discriminating among individuals is important for almost all social behaviours 9 and the evolution of vocal individuality has been shown to be related to the size of social groups 10. Accordingly, species living in larger groups have more signature information in their calls compared to species that live in smaller (even if more complex), social units 10. In birds, evidence for individual acoustic variation in vocal signals exists in a wide range of species 11 and acoustic features of vocalisations are shaped by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors 12. Accordingly, mechanisms to encode the acoustic cues of individuality, range from amplitude 13,14 and frequency modulations 15,16 to the sequence of vocal units in songbirds 17,18. The source-filter theory of vocal production 19 is a robust framework for studying individuality cues in the vocalisations of many non-human mammals 20 , where acoustic variation can originate from individual distinctiveness in the morphology or size of the vocal apparatus. More recently, the source-filter theory has emerged as the dominant theory for also explaining the acoustic output of many bird vocali-sations 21–25. According to this theory, bird calls are produced by the syrinx (the source), a two-part vocal organ located at the base of the trachea 26,27 , through vibrations of membranes (determining the fundamental frequency, " f 0 "). Subsequently, the sound passes through the suprasyringeal vocal tract (filter,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="07f3fca2be2ccdf01ed5adeef1eb9ebc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473244,"asset_id":33421407,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473244/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421407"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421407"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421407; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421407]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421407]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421407; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421407']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "07f3fca2be2ccdf01ed5adeef1eb9ebc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421407]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421407,"title":"Vocal individuality cues in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus): a source-filter theory approach","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa. In penguins of the genus Spheniscus vocalisations are important for social recognition. However, it is not clear which acoustic features of calls can encode individual identity information. We recorded contact calls and ecstatic display songs of 12 adult birds from a captive colony. For each vocalisation, we measured 31 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters related to both source and filter components of calls. For each parameter, we calculated the Potential of Individual Coding (PIC). The acoustic parameters showing PIC ≥ 1.1 were used to perform a stepwise cross-validated discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA correctly classified 66.1% of the contact calls and 62.5% of display songs to the correct individual. The DFA also resulted in the further selection of 10 acoustic features for contact calls and 9 for display songs that were important for vocal individuality. Our results suggest that studying the anatomical constraints that influence nesting penguin vocalisations from a source-filter perspective, can lead to a much better understanding of the acoustic cues of individuality contained in their calls. This approach could be further extended to study and understand vocal communication in other bird species. Animal vocalisations have the potential to provide a variety of information about age, body size, sex, social status, and behavioural state of the emitter 1,2. Vocalisations are also a prominent channel for signalling individual identity to conspecifics 3–8. Discriminating among individuals is important for almost all social behaviours 9 and the evolution of vocal individuality has been shown to be related to the size of social groups 10. Accordingly, species living in larger groups have more signature information in their calls compared to species that live in smaller (even if more complex), social units 10. In birds, evidence for individual acoustic variation in vocal signals exists in a wide range of species 11 and acoustic features of vocalisations are shaped by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors 12. Accordingly, mechanisms to encode the acoustic cues of individuality, range from amplitude 13,14 and frequency modulations 15,16 to the sequence of vocal units in songbirds 17,18. The source-filter theory of vocal production 19 is a robust framework for studying individuality cues in the vocalisations of many non-human mammals 20 , where acoustic variation can originate from individual distinctiveness in the morphology or size of the vocal apparatus. More recently, the source-filter theory has emerged as the dominant theory for also explaining the acoustic output of many bird vocali-sations 21–25. According to this theory, bird calls are produced by the syrinx (the source), a two-part vocal organ located at the base of the trachea 26,27 , through vibrations of membranes (determining the fundamental frequency, \" f 0 \"). Subsequently, the sound passes through the suprasyringeal vocal tract (filter,"},"translated_abstract":"The African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa. In penguins of the genus Spheniscus vocalisations are important for social recognition. However, it is not clear which acoustic features of calls can encode individual identity information. We recorded contact calls and ecstatic display songs of 12 adult birds from a captive colony. For each vocalisation, we measured 31 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters related to both source and filter components of calls. For each parameter, we calculated the Potential of Individual Coding (PIC). The acoustic parameters showing PIC ≥ 1.1 were used to perform a stepwise cross-validated discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA correctly classified 66.1% of the contact calls and 62.5% of display songs to the correct individual. The DFA also resulted in the further selection of 10 acoustic features for contact calls and 9 for display songs that were important for vocal individuality. Our results suggest that studying the anatomical constraints that influence nesting penguin vocalisations from a source-filter perspective, can lead to a much better understanding of the acoustic cues of individuality contained in their calls. This approach could be further extended to study and understand vocal communication in other bird species. Animal vocalisations have the potential to provide a variety of information about age, body size, sex, social status, and behavioural state of the emitter 1,2. Vocalisations are also a prominent channel for signalling individual identity to conspecifics 3–8. Discriminating among individuals is important for almost all social behaviours 9 and the evolution of vocal individuality has been shown to be related to the size of social groups 10. Accordingly, species living in larger groups have more signature information in their calls compared to species that live in smaller (even if more complex), social units 10. In birds, evidence for individual acoustic variation in vocal signals exists in a wide range of species 11 and acoustic features of vocalisations are shaped by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors 12. Accordingly, mechanisms to encode the acoustic cues of individuality, range from amplitude 13,14 and frequency modulations 15,16 to the sequence of vocal units in songbirds 17,18. The source-filter theory of vocal production 19 is a robust framework for studying individuality cues in the vocalisations of many non-human mammals 20 , where acoustic variation can originate from individual distinctiveness in the morphology or size of the vocal apparatus. More recently, the source-filter theory has emerged as the dominant theory for also explaining the acoustic output of many bird vocali-sations 21–25. According to this theory, bird calls are produced by the syrinx (the source), a two-part vocal organ located at the base of the trachea 26,27 , through vibrations of membranes (determining the fundamental frequency, \" f 0 \"). Subsequently, the sound passes through the suprasyringeal vocal tract (filter,","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33421407/Vocal_individuality_cues_in_the_African_penguin_Spheniscus_demersus_a_source_filter_theory_approach","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-06-12T04:10:54.623-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38868098,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29299523,"work_id":33421407,"tagging_user_id":38868098,"tagged_user_id":5516392,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***k@gmail.com","affiliation":"Università degli Studi di Torino","display_order":1,"name":"Marco Gamba","title":"Vocal individuality cues in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus): a source-filter theory approach"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53473244,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473244/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473244/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Vocal_individuality_cues_in_the_African.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473244/Favaro_2015-libre.pdf?1497266027=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVocal_individuality_cues_in_the_African.pdf\u0026Expires=1743094621\u0026Signature=B4qpN0efITuliPhEp06-ThKKOF-FWEtOtBIsABMFU85xxgs7OTh6pxGWeneqFTxfwhHKm8l19jexQWjDfLJJ396Yg3FQu8PgdOmytHXzdpinMwsoX5W6XeCc35kEF1zWNorWjS-HL0a0N3cH2jGRpjKj9H6XJEde0CC1KixnUiBRQErFtbvhxGotgB0NsIawQZFMjdrqd3IIZ53RoFJhJY0VtcfoMKyccr2lCyHn9AWdU-A4rofiRu0AckqYWLPg5A86rRu1EcTa2bnfUcWpbuzVJN~i1kzB9g1gJQSiHLJnkFYhygVMCCNhX0NJzBlVOwBUWHT5gOwdRPV87gUzHQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Vocal_individuality_cues_in_the_African_penguin_Spheniscus_demersus_a_source_filter_theory_approach","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa. In penguins of the genus Spheniscus vocalisations are important for social recognition. However, it is not clear which acoustic features of calls can encode individual identity information. We recorded contact calls and ecstatic display songs of 12 adult birds from a captive colony. For each vocalisation, we measured 31 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters related to both source and filter components of calls. For each parameter, we calculated the Potential of Individual Coding (PIC). The acoustic parameters showing PIC ≥ 1.1 were used to perform a stepwise cross-validated discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA correctly classified 66.1% of the contact calls and 62.5% of display songs to the correct individual. The DFA also resulted in the further selection of 10 acoustic features for contact calls and 9 for display songs that were important for vocal individuality. Our results suggest that studying the anatomical constraints that influence nesting penguin vocalisations from a source-filter perspective, can lead to a much better understanding of the acoustic cues of individuality contained in their calls. This approach could be further extended to study and understand vocal communication in other bird species. Animal vocalisations have the potential to provide a variety of information about age, body size, sex, social status, and behavioural state of the emitter 1,2. Vocalisations are also a prominent channel for signalling individual identity to conspecifics 3–8. Discriminating among individuals is important for almost all social behaviours 9 and the evolution of vocal individuality has been shown to be related to the size of social groups 10. Accordingly, species living in larger groups have more signature information in their calls compared to species that live in smaller (even if more complex), social units 10. In birds, evidence for individual acoustic variation in vocal signals exists in a wide range of species 11 and acoustic features of vocalisations are shaped by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors 12. Accordingly, mechanisms to encode the acoustic cues of individuality, range from amplitude 13,14 and frequency modulations 15,16 to the sequence of vocal units in songbirds 17,18. The source-filter theory of vocal production 19 is a robust framework for studying individuality cues in the vocalisations of many non-human mammals 20 , where acoustic variation can originate from individual distinctiveness in the morphology or size of the vocal apparatus. More recently, the source-filter theory has emerged as the dominant theory for also explaining the acoustic output of many bird vocali-sations 21–25. According to this theory, bird calls are produced by the syrinx (the source), a two-part vocal organ located at the base of the trachea 26,27 , through vibrations of membranes (determining the fundamental frequency, \" f 0 \"). Subsequently, the sound passes through the suprasyringeal vocal tract (filter,","owner":{"id":38868098,"first_name":"Livio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Favaro","page_name":"LivioFavaro","domain_name":"unito","created_at":"2015-11-22T01:04:01.809-08:00","display_name":"Livio Favaro","url":"https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro"},"attachments":[{"id":53473244,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473244/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473244/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Vocal_individuality_cues_in_the_African.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473244/Favaro_2015-libre.pdf?1497266027=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVocal_individuality_cues_in_the_African.pdf\u0026Expires=1743094621\u0026Signature=B4qpN0efITuliPhEp06-ThKKOF-FWEtOtBIsABMFU85xxgs7OTh6pxGWeneqFTxfwhHKm8l19jexQWjDfLJJ396Yg3FQu8PgdOmytHXzdpinMwsoX5W6XeCc35kEF1zWNorWjS-HL0a0N3cH2jGRpjKj9H6XJEde0CC1KixnUiBRQErFtbvhxGotgB0NsIawQZFMjdrqd3IIZ53RoFJhJY0VtcfoMKyccr2lCyHn9AWdU-A4rofiRu0AckqYWLPg5A86rRu1EcTa2bnfUcWpbuzVJN~i1kzB9g1gJQSiHLJnkFYhygVMCCNhX0NJzBlVOwBUWHT5gOwdRPV87gUzHQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33421384"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421384/Evidence_suggests_vocal_production_learning_in_a_cross_fostered_Rissos_dolphin_Grampus_griseus"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evidence suggests vocal production learning in a cross-fostered Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473229/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421384/Evidence_suggests_vocal_production_learning_in_a_cross_fostered_Rissos_dolphin_Grampus_griseus">Evidence suggests vocal production learning in a cross-fostered Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Vocal learning is a rare skill in mammals, and we have limited information about the contexts in ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Vocal learning is a rare skill in mammals, and we have limited information about the contexts in which they use it. Previous studies suggested that cetaceans in general are skilled at imitating sounds, but only few species have been studied to date. To expand this investigation to another species and to investigate the possible influence of the social environment on vocal learning, we studied the whistle repertoire of a female Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) that was stranded at an early age and was subsequently raised in a group of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We show that this cross-fostered animal produced vocal signals more akin to those of its Tursiops poolmates than those of Risso's dolphins in the wild. This is one of very few systematic cross-fostering studies in cetaceans and the first to suggest vocal production learning in the Risso's dolphin. Our findings also suggest that social experience is a major factor in the development of the vocal repertoire in this species.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f228bbb63698c29c14fe9ff178c62de1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473229,"asset_id":33421384,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473229/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421384"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421384"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421384; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421384]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421384]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421384; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421384']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f228bbb63698c29c14fe9ff178c62de1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421384]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421384,"title":"Evidence suggests vocal production learning in a cross-fostered Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Vocal learning is a rare skill in mammals, and we have limited information about the contexts in which they use it. Previous studies suggested that cetaceans in general are skilled at imitating sounds, but only few species have been studied to date. To expand this investigation to another species and to investigate the possible influence of the social environment on vocal learning, we studied the whistle repertoire of a female Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) that was stranded at an early age and was subsequently raised in a group of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We show that this cross-fostered animal produced vocal signals more akin to those of its Tursiops poolmates than those of Risso's dolphins in the wild. This is one of very few systematic cross-fostering studies in cetaceans and the first to suggest vocal production learning in the Risso's dolphin. Our findings also suggest that social experience is a major factor in the development of the vocal repertoire in this species.","ai_title_tag":"Vocal Learning in Cross-Fostered Risso's Dolphin"},"translated_abstract":"Vocal learning is a rare skill in mammals, and we have limited information about the contexts in which they use it. Previous studies suggested that cetaceans in general are skilled at imitating sounds, but only few species have been studied to date. To expand this investigation to another species and to investigate the possible influence of the social environment on vocal learning, we studied the whistle repertoire of a female Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) that was stranded at an early age and was subsequently raised in a group of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We show that this cross-fostered animal produced vocal signals more akin to those of its Tursiops poolmates than those of Risso's dolphins in the wild. This is one of very few systematic cross-fostering studies in cetaceans and the first to suggest vocal production learning in the Risso's dolphin. Our findings also suggest that social experience is a major factor in the development of the vocal repertoire in this species.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33421384/Evidence_suggests_vocal_production_learning_in_a_cross_fostered_Rissos_dolphin_Grampus_griseus","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-06-12T04:08:40.711-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38868098,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53473229,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473229/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2016.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473229/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Evidence_suggests_vocal_production_learn.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473229/Favaro_2016-libre.pdf?1497265825=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEvidence_suggests_vocal_production_learn.pdf\u0026Expires=1743127077\u0026Signature=OXILkYBSLuW~5-shJcxQq7Ncz0BiCVfwrzjwLJ7ssGXjtA2prc4ENUsFhAJFSLDxnVF9xxKztzZz3ws3B-qnVDykHjOOzizRqsE9JPhrD3hXPsurS8lWdIRrUWvHwTkAXUvSDxGXNgJu6VBYx3gS7YQ2Px64odiXgevZj8-FBuuSna3ioeXlvG-6IxZjc2dRFMX-CMgsG1JchdZlHU6pwOJQyRalTroKiW16Zvy0iLkaYkpDKKsEbnv86HW2MUY8c3iNMsBY48~XqE-5DM4c191M3Qrf0MOESB2p-ugNIsosXfmrYLNUzbFBG6AsTmcB5leV8eh5whj6bpTnn6qpSg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Evidence_suggests_vocal_production_learning_in_a_cross_fostered_Rissos_dolphin_Grampus_griseus","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Vocal learning is a rare skill in mammals, and we have limited information about the contexts in which they use it. Previous studies suggested that cetaceans in general are skilled at imitating sounds, but only few species have been studied to date. To expand this investigation to another species and to investigate the possible influence of the social environment on vocal learning, we studied the whistle repertoire of a female Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) that was stranded at an early age and was subsequently raised in a group of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We show that this cross-fostered animal produced vocal signals more akin to those of its Tursiops poolmates than those of Risso's dolphins in the wild. This is one of very few systematic cross-fostering studies in cetaceans and the first to suggest vocal production learning in the Risso's dolphin. Our findings also suggest that social experience is a major factor in the development of the vocal repertoire in this species.","owner":{"id":38868098,"first_name":"Livio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Favaro","page_name":"LivioFavaro","domain_name":"unito","created_at":"2015-11-22T01:04:01.809-08:00","display_name":"Livio Favaro","url":"https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro"},"attachments":[{"id":53473229,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473229/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2016.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473229/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Evidence_suggests_vocal_production_learn.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473229/Favaro_2016-libre.pdf?1497265825=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEvidence_suggests_vocal_production_learn.pdf\u0026Expires=1743127077\u0026Signature=OXILkYBSLuW~5-shJcxQq7Ncz0BiCVfwrzjwLJ7ssGXjtA2prc4ENUsFhAJFSLDxnVF9xxKztzZz3ws3B-qnVDykHjOOzizRqsE9JPhrD3hXPsurS8lWdIRrUWvHwTkAXUvSDxGXNgJu6VBYx3gS7YQ2Px64odiXgevZj8-FBuuSna3ioeXlvG-6IxZjc2dRFMX-CMgsG1JchdZlHU6pwOJQyRalTroKiW16Zvy0iLkaYkpDKKsEbnv86HW2MUY8c3iNMsBY48~XqE-5DM4c191M3Qrf0MOESB2p-ugNIsosXfmrYLNUzbFBG6AsTmcB5leV8eh5whj6bpTnn6qpSg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33421374"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421374/Vocal_individuality_and_species_divergence_in_the_contact_calls_of_banded_penguins"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vocal individuality and species divergence in the contact calls of banded penguins" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473226/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421374/Vocal_individuality_and_species_divergence_in_the_contact_calls_of_banded_penguins">Vocal individuality and species divergence in the contact calls of banded penguins</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Penguins produce contact calls to maintain social relationships and group cohesion. Such vocalisa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Penguins produce contact calls to maintain social relationships and group cohesion. Such vocalisations have recently been demonstrated to encode individual identity information in the African penguin. Using a source-filter theory approach, we investigated whether acoustic cues of individuality can also be found in other Spheniscus penguins and the acoustic features of contact calls have diverged within this genus. We recorded vocalisations from two ex-situ colonies of Humboldt penguin and Magellanic penguin (sym-patric and potentially interbreeding in the wild) and one ex-situ group of African penguins (allopatric although capable of interbreeding with the other two species in captivity). We measured 14 acoustic parameters from each vocalisation. These included temporal (duration), source-related (fundamental frequency, f 0), and filter-related (formants) parameters. They were then used to carry out a series of stepwise discriminant function analyses (with cross-validation) and General Linear Model comparisons. We showed that contact calls allow individual discrimination in two additional species of the genus Spheniscus. We also found that calls can be classified according to species in a manner far greater than that attributable by chance, even though there is limited genetic distance among African, Humboldt, and Magellanic penguins. Our results provide further evidence that the source-filter theory is a valuable framework for investigating the biologically meaningful information contained in bird vocalisations. Our findings also provide novel insights into penguin vocal communication and suggest that contact calls of the penguin family are affected by selection for individuality.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="02182508276da2f10edf0789d4d5e2ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473226,"asset_id":33421374,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473226/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421374"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421374"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421374; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421374]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421374; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421374']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "02182508276da2f10edf0789d4d5e2ec" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421374]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421374,"title":"Vocal individuality and species divergence in the contact calls of banded penguins","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Penguins produce contact calls to maintain social relationships and group cohesion. Such vocalisations have recently been demonstrated to encode individual identity information in the African penguin. Using a source-filter theory approach, we investigated whether acoustic cues of individuality can also be found in other Spheniscus penguins and the acoustic features of contact calls have diverged within this genus. We recorded vocalisations from two ex-situ colonies of Humboldt penguin and Magellanic penguin (sym-patric and potentially interbreeding in the wild) and one ex-situ group of African penguins (allopatric although capable of interbreeding with the other two species in captivity). We measured 14 acoustic parameters from each vocalisation. These included temporal (duration), source-related (fundamental frequency, f 0), and filter-related (formants) parameters. They were then used to carry out a series of stepwise discriminant function analyses (with cross-validation) and General Linear Model comparisons. We showed that contact calls allow individual discrimination in two additional species of the genus Spheniscus. We also found that calls can be classified according to species in a manner far greater than that attributable by chance, even though there is limited genetic distance among African, Humboldt, and Magellanic penguins. Our results provide further evidence that the source-filter theory is a valuable framework for investigating the biologically meaningful information contained in bird vocalisations. Our findings also provide novel insights into penguin vocal communication and suggest that contact calls of the penguin family are affected by selection for individuality."},"translated_abstract":"Penguins produce contact calls to maintain social relationships and group cohesion. Such vocalisations have recently been demonstrated to encode individual identity information in the African penguin. 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Such vocalisations have recently been demonstrated to encode individual identity information in the African penguin. Using a source-filter theory approach, we investigated whether acoustic cues of individuality can also be found in other Spheniscus penguins and the acoustic features of contact calls have diverged within this genus. We recorded vocalisations from two ex-situ colonies of Humboldt penguin and Magellanic penguin (sym-patric and potentially interbreeding in the wild) and one ex-situ group of African penguins (allopatric although capable of interbreeding with the other two species in captivity). We measured 14 acoustic parameters from each vocalisation. These included temporal (duration), source-related (fundamental frequency, f 0), and filter-related (formants) parameters. They were then used to carry out a series of stepwise discriminant function analyses (with cross-validation) and General Linear Model comparisons. We showed that contact calls allow individual discrimination in two additional species of the genus Spheniscus. We also found that calls can be classified according to species in a manner far greater than that attributable by chance, even though there is limited genetic distance among African, Humboldt, and Magellanic penguins. Our results provide further evidence that the source-filter theory is a valuable framework for investigating the biologically meaningful information contained in bird vocalisations. 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Po River registered the highest presence of NDL-PCB, with 50% of samples not compliant with EU ML.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b85a9acc762938be93cfd0ba26a850e7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46806001,"asset_id":26509339,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46806001/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26509339"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26509339"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26509339; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26509339]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26509339]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26509339; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26509339']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b85a9acc762938be93cfd0ba26a850e7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26509339]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26509339,"title":"NDL-PCBs in muscle of the European catfish (Silurus glanis): An alert from Italian rivers","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The top predator Silurus glanis reflects the severe pollution by organic matter of Italian Rivers (Northern Italy). 33.3% Of the analysed samples exceeded the maximum levels of 125 ng g À1 fresh weight (fw) set by Regulation in fish muscle. 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profile--work_container" data-work-id="26509358"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509358/Mixed_mycobacterial_infection_in_an_adult_koi_carp_Cyprinus_carpio_L"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mixed mycobacterial infection in an adult koi carp Cyprinus carpio L" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46805996/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509358/Mixed_mycobacterial_infection_in_an_adult_koi_carp_Cyprinus_carpio_L">Mixed mycobacterial infection in an adult koi carp Cyprinus carpio L</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Prearo">Marino Prearo</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KatiaVarello">Katia Varello</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarziaRighetti">Marzia Righetti</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Fish Diseases</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2981567d9836d4adfb29b478af5b5665" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46805996,"asset_id":26509358,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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Diagnostic techniques, including histopathology and molecular analyses, confirmed the presence of multiple granulomas associated with acid-fast bacilli across various organs. 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">crayfish, machine learning, ecological modelling, conservation, endangered species</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b1066455fdf889ad7d21e21f8fc2fb2c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45915968,"asset_id":25587300,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45915968/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="25587300"><a 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26509359"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509359/Association_of_a_specific_major_histocompatibility_complex_class_II%CE%B2_single_nucleotide_polymorphism_with_resistance_to_lactococcosis_in_rainbow_trout_Oncorhynchus_mykiss_Walbaum_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46806003/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509359/Association_of_a_specific_major_histocompatibility_complex_class_II%CE%B2_single_nucleotide_polymorphism_with_resistance_to_lactococcosis_in_rainbow_trout_Oncorhynchus_mykiss_Walbaum_">Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Prearo">Marino Prearo</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Fish Diseases</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides and initiate immune responses through their interaction with T cells. MHC class II molecules are heterodimers consisting of a and b chains encoded by extremely variable genes; variation in exon 2 is responsible for the majority of observed polymorphisms, mostly concentrated in the codons specifying the peptide-binding region. Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis, a warm-water bacterial infection pathogenic for cultured freshwater and marine fish. It causes considerable economic losses, limiting the profitability and development of fish industries in general and the intensive production of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in particular. The disease is currently controlled with vaccines and antibiotics; however, vaccines have short-term efficacy, and increasing concerns regarding antibiotic residues have called for alternative strategies. To explore the involvement of the MHC class II b-1 domain as a candidate gene for resistance to lactococcosis, we exposed 400 rainbow trout to naturally contaminated water. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and one haplotype were associated with resistance (P < 0.01). These results are promising for using MHC class IIb as a molecular marker in breeding rainbow trout resistant to lactococcosis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e98a0806339f46e746f2f81bfe1b73f2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46806003,"asset_id":26509359,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46806003/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26509359"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26509359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26509359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26509359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26509359]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26509359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26509359']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e98a0806339f46e746f2f81bfe1b73f2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26509359]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26509359,"title":"Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"MHC Class IIβ SNP Linked to Lactococcosis Resistance in Trout","grobid_abstract":"Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides and initiate immune responses through their interaction with T cells. 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26509345"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509345/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon_levels_in_European_catfish_from_the_upper_Po_River_basin"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in European catfish from the upper Po River basin" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46805994/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509345/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon_levels_in_European_catfish_from_the_upper_Po_River_basin">Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in European catfish from the upper Po River basin</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Prearo">Marino Prearo</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="116e71943e1805ac551758236f36c6eb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46805994,"asset_id":26509345,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/30085894/The_Vocal_Repertoire_of_the_African_Penguin_Spheniscus_demersus_Structure_and_Function_of_Calls"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Vocal Repertoire of the African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus): Structure and Function of Calls" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50538163/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30085894/The_Vocal_Repertoire_of_the_African_Penguin_Spheniscus_demersus_Structure_and_Function_of_Calls">The Vocal Repertoire of the African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus): Structure and Function of Calls</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLoS ONE</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is a highly social and vocal seabird. However, currentl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is a highly social and vocal seabird. However, currently available descriptions of the vocal repertoire of African Penguin are mostly limited to basic descriptions of calls. Here we provide, for the first time, a detailed description of the vocal behaviour of this species by collecting audio and video recordings from a large captive colony. We combine visual examinations of spectrograms with spectral and temporal acoustic analyses to determine vocal categories. Moreover, we used a principal component analysis, followed by signal classification with a discriminant function analysis, for statistical validation of the vocalisation types. In addition, we identified the behavioural contexts in which calls were uttered. The results show that four basic vocalisations can be found in the vocal repertoire of adult African Penguin, namely a contact call emitted by isolated birds, an agonistic call used in aggressive interactions, an ecstatic display song uttered by single birds, and a mutual display song vocalised by pairs, at their nests. Moreover, we identified two distinct vocalisations interpreted as begging calls by nesting chicks (begging peep) and unweaned juveniles (begging moan). Finally, we discussed the importance of specific acoustic parameters in classifying calls and the possible use of the source-filter theory of vocal production to study penguin vocalisations. Citation: Favaro L, Ozella L, Pessani D (2014) The Vocal Repertoire of the African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus): Structure and Function of Calls. PLoS ONE 9(7): e103460.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="698df53d930389093fefa5d0d65608f5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50538163,"asset_id":30085894,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50538163/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30085894"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30085894"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30085894; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30085894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30085894]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30085894; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30085894']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "698df53d930389093fefa5d0d65608f5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30085894]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30085894,"title":"The Vocal Repertoire of the African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus): Structure and Function of Calls","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is a highly social and vocal seabird. 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However, currently available descriptions of the vocal repertoire of African Penguin are mostly limited to basic descriptions of calls. Here we provide, for the first time, a detailed description of the vocal behaviour of this species by collecting audio and video recordings from a large captive colony. We combine visual examinations of spectrograms with spectral and temporal acoustic analyses to determine vocal categories. Moreover, we used a principal component analysis, followed by signal classification with a discriminant function analysis, for statistical validation of the vocalisation types. In addition, we identified the behavioural contexts in which calls were uttered. The results show that four basic vocalisations can be found in the vocal repertoire of adult African Penguin, namely a contact call emitted by isolated birds, an agonistic call used in aggressive interactions, an ecstatic display song uttered by single birds, and a mutual display song vocalised by pairs, at their nests. Moreover, we identified two distinct vocalisations interpreted as begging calls by nesting chicks (begging peep) and unweaned juveniles (begging moan). Finally, we discussed the importance of specific acoustic parameters in classifying calls and the possible use of the source-filter theory of vocal production to study penguin vocalisations. Citation: Favaro L, Ozella L, Pessani D (2014) The Vocal Repertoire of the African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus): Structure and Function of Calls. PLoS ONE 9(7): e103460.","owner":{"id":38868098,"first_name":"Livio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Favaro","page_name":"LivioFavaro","domain_name":"unito","created_at":"2015-11-22T01:04:01.809-08:00","display_name":"Livio Favaro","url":"https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro"},"attachments":[{"id":50538163,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50538163/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Vocal_Repertoire_of_the_African_Peng20161125-25952-1pmcsuu.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50538163/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Vocal_Repertoire_of_the_African_Peng.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50538163/The_Vocal_Repertoire_of_the_African_Peng20161125-25952-1pmcsuu-libre.pdf?1480085315=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Vocal_Repertoire_of_the_African_Peng.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=d~hywA1aRudtRCwsDrXLyA81jiM~PhDvwoJiRA0ChOLlpq19LT-Of7YNYixDAm8nEAk3S5sU8ajElEAygR20ZErPkrKVzflfxQUaZ9siREZA5vz8TS7b5wytmCMT6if~rTmUQukDwNu7MkDNFdSShgJiB8QF1Vk6LbNHItLXsfQqu5kQn6ZW7CBCdgCmQ-0vZLRWPDHL4TT0mdDmRcW4wcnUoEbliH-FgsgwjlZI9V9Ba-~a0sUdCOOjBIoXjYtjdLZ7bEgl~v~kr-nHqu0ghlAhywSx47Q7sF4ylrLDU95Fi7g3jU1XCsmQbRxmDJOYVm9ZqfEcO9GVw2YU9evLtA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":63360,"name":"Discriminant Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discriminant_Analysis"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one"},{"id":1454485,"name":"Spheniscidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spheniscidae"},{"id":1540546,"name":"Video Recording","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Video_Recording"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="716138"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/716138/Sound_production_in_the_red_swamp_crayfish_Procambarus_clarkii_Decapoda_Cambaridae_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sound production in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/4065179/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/716138/Sound_production_in_the_red_swamp_crayfish_Procambarus_clarkii_Decapoda_Cambaridae_">Sound production in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/MarcoGamba">Marco Gamba</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Zoologischer Anzeiger-A Journal …</span><span>, Jan 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Little is known about the acoustic behaviour of freshwater crustaceans. The present study is the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Little is known about the acoustic behaviour of freshwater crustaceans. The present study is the first to describe the acoustic features and the sound production mechanisms of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Acoustic signalling was recorded and videotaped. When the animals were recorded in air, they produced a pulsed signal by beating the scaphognathite inside the chamber constituted by the efferent branchial channels. No sound was emitted after scaphognathite ablation. The acoustic features of the signals varied among individuals but were not correlated with body size. Several hypotheses on the functions of these sounds were discussed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d7261e6b9766ebf857579f4246d8dd9f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":4065179,"asset_id":716138,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4065179/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="716138"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="716138"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 716138; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=716138]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=716138]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 716138; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='716138']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d7261e6b9766ebf857579f4246d8dd9f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=716138]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":716138,"title":"Sound production in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier","ai_title_tag":"Acoustic Behavior of Procambarus clarkii Crayfish","grobid_abstract":"Little is known about the acoustic behaviour of freshwater crustaceans. 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The present study is the first to describe the acoustic features and the sound production mechanisms of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Acoustic signalling was recorded and videotaped. When the animals were recorded in air, they produced a pulsed signal by beating the scaphognathite inside the chamber constituted by the efferent branchial channels. No sound was emitted after scaphognathite ablation. The acoustic features of the signals varied among individuals but were not correlated with body size. 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Earlier studies have reported that neonatal dolphins can produce both whistles and burst-pulsed sounds just after birth and that early-pulsed sounds are probably a precursor of echolocation click trains. The aim of this research is to investigate the development of echolocation signals in a captive calf, born in the facilities of the Acquario di Genova. A set of 81 impulsive sounds were collected from birth to the seventh postnatal week and six additional echolocation click trains were recorded when the dolphin was 1 year old. Moreover, behavioral observations, concurring with sound production, were carried out by means of a video camera. For each sound we measured five acoustic parameters: click train duration (CTD), number of clicks per train, minimum, maximum, and mean click repetition rate (CRR). CTD and number of clicks per train were found to increase with age. Maximum and mean CRR followed a decreasing trend with dolphin growth starting from the second postnatal week. The calf's first head scanning movement was recorded 21 days after birth. Our data suggest that in the bottlenose dolphin the early postnatal weeks are essential for the development of echolocation abilities and that the temporal features of the echolocation click trains remain relatively stable from the seventh postnatal week up to the first year of life. Zoo Biol. 32:210-215, 2013.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ffa943eef28812e131e6a7ebc799232f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50538164,"asset_id":30085893,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50538164/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30085893"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30085893"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30085893; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30085893]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30085893]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30085893; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30085893']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ffa943eef28812e131e6a7ebc799232f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30085893]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30085893,"title":"Postnatal Development of Echolocation Abilities in a Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ): Temporal Organization","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Echolocation Development in Bottlenose Dolphins","grobid_abstract":"In spite of all the information available on adult bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) biosonar, the ontogeny of its echolocation abilities has been investigated very little. Earlier studies have reported that neonatal dolphins can produce both whistles and burst-pulsed sounds just after birth and that early-pulsed sounds are probably a precursor of echolocation click trains. The aim of this research is to investigate the development of echolocation signals in a captive calf, born in the facilities of the Acquario di Genova. A set of 81 impulsive sounds were collected from birth to the seventh postnatal week and six additional echolocation click trains were recorded when the dolphin was 1 year old. Moreover, behavioral observations, concurring with sound production, were carried out by means of a video camera. For each sound we measured five acoustic parameters: click train duration (CTD), number of clicks per train, minimum, maximum, and mean click repetition rate (CRR). CTD and number of clicks per train were found to increase with age. Maximum and mean CRR followed a decreasing trend with dolphin growth starting from the second postnatal week. The calf's first head scanning movement was recorded 21 days after birth. Our data suggest that in the bottlenose dolphin the early postnatal weeks are essential for the development of echolocation abilities and that the temporal features of the echolocation click trains remain relatively stable from the seventh postnatal week up to the first year of life. Zoo Biol. 32:210-215, 2013.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Zoo Biology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":50538164},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30085893/Postnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Abilities_in_a_Bottlenose_Dolphin_Tursiops_truncatus_Temporal_Organization","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-11-25T06:42:06.000-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38868098,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50538164,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50538164/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Postnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab20161125-25961-aa5xph.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50538164/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Postnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50538164/Postnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab20161125-25961-aa5xph-libre.pdf?1480085415=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPostnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=bqUAOMWASePNgWYwJjSN6IuGIF05mEFjDvm4gOERPswLioo9zDXv-J4vS0O-wE-edBB5EPOJ2E3RFDhx2VLVuSMdvGwdjrkK7E2iAN-WR-wS-V4w6B6~mQCoDqPxoX-iUyYhwY6u8LHtk9d5jNgeT0vCetxlvIv~DAZVuCz2dZxmkI~d2I9dr1AR-wPcLOGUKFLphLu6wNZhKD647kAHtcfWAkYT2NJWQr4nNPKF8k6evGO4ANaUC-p1iLPdZ40BjBbncEJ00iENqwtpXY0j~QnUyLqQfpCWiLRA-BnKuaTtPWQgonFBHYfi8onvubGQ1uZHXUZSQPkpTNLgDLSLBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Postnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Abilities_in_a_Bottlenose_Dolphin_Tursiops_truncatus_Temporal_Organization","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"In spite of all the information available on adult bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) biosonar, the ontogeny of its echolocation abilities has been investigated very little. Earlier studies have reported that neonatal dolphins can produce both whistles and burst-pulsed sounds just after birth and that early-pulsed sounds are probably a precursor of echolocation click trains. The aim of this research is to investigate the development of echolocation signals in a captive calf, born in the facilities of the Acquario di Genova. A set of 81 impulsive sounds were collected from birth to the seventh postnatal week and six additional echolocation click trains were recorded when the dolphin was 1 year old. Moreover, behavioral observations, concurring with sound production, were carried out by means of a video camera. For each sound we measured five acoustic parameters: click train duration (CTD), number of clicks per train, minimum, maximum, and mean click repetition rate (CRR). CTD and number of clicks per train were found to increase with age. Maximum and mean CRR followed a decreasing trend with dolphin growth starting from the second postnatal week. The calf's first head scanning movement was recorded 21 days after birth. Our data suggest that in the bottlenose dolphin the early postnatal weeks are essential for the development of echolocation abilities and that the temporal features of the echolocation click trains remain relatively stable from the seventh postnatal week up to the first year of life. Zoo Biol. 32:210-215, 2013.","owner":{"id":38868098,"first_name":"Livio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Favaro","page_name":"LivioFavaro","domain_name":"unito","created_at":"2015-11-22T01:04:01.809-08:00","display_name":"Livio Favaro","url":"https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro"},"attachments":[{"id":50538164,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50538164/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Postnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab20161125-25961-aa5xph.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50538164/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Postnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50538164/Postnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab20161125-25961-aa5xph-libre.pdf?1480085415=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPostnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=bqUAOMWASePNgWYwJjSN6IuGIF05mEFjDvm4gOERPswLioo9zDXv-J4vS0O-wE-edBB5EPOJ2E3RFDhx2VLVuSMdvGwdjrkK7E2iAN-WR-wS-V4w6B6~mQCoDqPxoX-iUyYhwY6u8LHtk9d5jNgeT0vCetxlvIv~DAZVuCz2dZxmkI~d2I9dr1AR-wPcLOGUKFLphLu6wNZhKD647kAHtcfWAkYT2NJWQr4nNPKF8k6evGO4ANaUC-p1iLPdZ40BjBbncEJ00iENqwtpXY0j~QnUyLqQfpCWiLRA-BnKuaTtPWQgonFBHYfi8onvubGQ1uZHXUZSQPkpTNLgDLSLBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology"},{"id":1672,"name":"Bioacoustics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioacoustics"},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging"},{"id":49037,"name":"Zoo Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoo_Biology"},{"id":55608,"name":"Ontogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontogeny"},{"id":170896,"name":"Echolocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echolocation"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1781477"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1781477/Performance_comparison_among_multivariate_and_data_mining_approaches_to_model_presence_absence_of_Austropotamobius_pallipes_complex_in_Piedmont_North_Western_Italy_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Performance comparison among multivariate and data mining approaches to model presence/absence of Austropotamobius pallipes complex in Piedmont (North Western Italy)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/23911652/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1781477/Performance_comparison_among_multivariate_and_data_mining_approaches_to_model_presence_absence_of_Austropotamobius_pallipes_complex_in_Piedmont_North_Western_Italy_">Performance comparison among multivariate and data mining approaches to model presence/absence of Austropotamobius pallipes complex in Piedmont (North Western Italy)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/MarcoGamba">Marco Gamba</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Comptes rendus biologies</span><span>, Jan 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ba3a3d7cd2a9089565e5a0aea1a7a1d0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":23911652,"asset_id":1781477,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/23911652/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1781477"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1781477"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1781477; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1781477]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1781477]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1781477; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1781477']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ba3a3d7cd2a9089565e5a0aea1a7a1d0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1781477]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1781477,"title":"Performance comparison among multivariate and data mining approaches to model presence/absence of Austropotamobius pallipes complex in Piedmont (North Western Italy)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","grobid_abstract":"This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="25587287"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/25587287/The_role_of_water_chemistry_in_the_distribution_of_Austropotamobius_pallipes_Crustacea_Decapoda_Astacidae_in_Piedmont_Italy_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The role of water chemistry in the distribution of Austropotamobius pallipes (Crustacea Decapoda Astacidae) in Piedmont (Italy)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45915963/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/25587287/The_role_of_water_chemistry_in_the_distribution_of_Austropotamobius_pallipes_Crustacea_Decapoda_Astacidae_in_Piedmont_Italy_">The role of water chemistry in the distribution of Austropotamobius pallipes (Crustacea Decapoda Astacidae) in Piedmont (Italy)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TinaTirelli">Tina Tirelli</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Comptes Rendus Biologies</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="db6c5bbb29509166e7dbc84a69915e87" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45915963,"asset_id":25587287,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45915963/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="25587287"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25587287"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25587287; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25587287]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25587287]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25587287; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='25587287']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): emerging contaminants of increasing concern in fish from Lake Varese, Italy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40203965/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18693714/Perfluorooctane_sulfonate_PFOS_and_perfluorooctanoic_acid_PFOA_emerging_contaminants_of_increasing_concern_in_fish_from_Lake_Varese_Italy">Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): emerging contaminants of increasing concern in fish from Lake Varese, Italy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarinoPrearo">Marino Prearo</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudioFoglini">Claudio Foglini</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SSquadrone">S. Squadrone</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="88bb447d73e37bd8bf2a05d6e952df65" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40203965,"asset_id":18693714,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40203965/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18693714"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18693714"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18693714; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18693714]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18693714]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18693714; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18693714']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "88bb447d73e37bd8bf2a05d6e952df65" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18693714]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18693714,"title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): emerging contaminants of increasing concern in fish from Lake Varese, Italy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_abstract":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are persistent organic pollutants with high biological and chemical stability, commonly found in various environmental matrices, including aquatic ecosystems and human populations. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="4103704" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33422941"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33422941/Modeling_individual_vocal_differences_in_group_living_lemurs_using_vocal_tract_morphology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Modeling individual vocal differences in group-living lemurs using vocal tract morphology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53474462/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33422941/Modeling_individual_vocal_differences_in_group_living_lemurs_using_vocal_tract_morphology">Modeling individual vocal differences in group-living lemurs using vocal tract morphology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/MarcoGamba">Marco Gamba</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/Giacoma">Cristina Giacoma</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Vocal individuality is widespread in social animals. Individual variation in vocalizations is a p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Vocal individuality is widespread in social animals. Individual variation in vocalizations is a prerequisite for discriminating among conspecifics and may have facilitated the evolution of large complex societies. Ring-tailed lemurs Lemur catta live in relatively large social groups, have conspicuous vocal repertoires, and their species-specific utterances can be interpreted in light of source-filter theory of vocal production. Indeed, their utterances allow individual discrimination and even recognition thanks to the resonance frequencies of the vocal tract. The purpose of this study is to determine which distinctive vocal features can be derived from the morphology of the upper vocal tract. To accomplish this, we built computational models derived from anatomical measurements collected on lemur cadavers and compared the results with the spectrographic output of vocalizations recorded from ex situ live individuals. Our results demonstrate that the morphological variation of the ring-tailed lemur vocal tract explains individual distinctiveness of their species-specific utterances. We also provide further evidence that vocal tract modeling is a powerful tool for studying the vocal output of non-human primates.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e5be97a183c63160828b48e57d8282cc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53474462,"asset_id":33422941,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53474462/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33422941"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33422941"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33422941; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33422941]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33422941]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33422941; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33422941']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e5be97a183c63160828b48e57d8282cc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33422941]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33422941,"title":"Modeling individual vocal differences in group-living lemurs using vocal tract morphology","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Vocal individuality is widespread in social animals. 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Squadrone</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The presence of xenobiotics, such as metals, in ecosystems is concerning due to their durability ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The presence of xenobiotics, such as metals, in ecosystems is concerning due to their durability and they pose a threat to the health and life of organisms. Moreover, mercury can biomagnify in many marine food chains and, therefore, organisms at higher trophic levels can be adversely impacted. Although feathers have been used extensively as a bio-monitoring tool, only a few studies have addressed the effect of both age and sex on metal accumulation. In this study, the concentrations of trace elements were determined in the feathers of all members of a captive colony of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) housed in a zoological facility in Italy. Tests were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to detect aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Mercury was detected by a direct mercury analyzer. Sexing was performed by a molecular approach based on analyzing the chromo-helicase-DNA-binding1 gene, located on the sex chromosomes. Sex-and age-related differences were studied in order to investigate the different patterns of metal bioaccumulation between male and female individuals and between adults and juveniles. Juvenile females had significantly higher arsenic levels than males, while selenium levels increased significantly with age in both sexes. Penguins kept in controlled environments-given that diet and habitat are under strict control-represent a unique opportunity to determine if and how metal bioaccumulation is related to sex and age.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5d15e8f39d073c683c60c48b7c256034" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473287,"asset_id":33421446,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473287/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421446"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421446"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421446; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421446]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421446]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421446; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421446']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5d15e8f39d073c683c60c48b7c256034" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421446]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421446,"title":"Sex-and age-related variation in metal content of penguin feathers","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The presence of xenobiotics, such as metals, in ecosystems is concerning due to their durability and they pose a threat to the health and life of organisms. Moreover, mercury can biomagnify in many marine food chains and, therefore, organisms at higher trophic levels can be adversely impacted. Although feathers have been used extensively as a bio-monitoring tool, only a few studies have addressed the effect of both age and sex on metal accumulation. In this study, the concentrations of trace elements were determined in the feathers of all members of a captive colony of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) housed in a zoological facility in Italy. Tests were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to detect aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Mercury was detected by a direct mercury analyzer. Sexing was performed by a molecular approach based on analyzing the chromo-helicase-DNA-binding1 gene, located on the sex chromosomes. Sex-and age-related differences were studied in order to investigate the different patterns of metal bioaccumulation between male and female individuals and between adults and juveniles. Juvenile females had significantly higher arsenic levels than males, while selenium levels increased significantly with age in both sexes. 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Moreover, mercury can biomagnify in many marine food chains and, therefore, organisms at higher trophic levels can be adversely impacted. Although feathers have been used extensively as a bio-monitoring tool, only a few studies have addressed the effect of both age and sex on metal accumulation. In this study, the concentrations of trace elements were determined in the feathers of all members of a captive colony of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) housed in a zoological facility in Italy. Tests were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to detect aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Mercury was detected by a direct mercury analyzer. Sexing was performed by a molecular approach based on analyzing the chromo-helicase-DNA-binding1 gene, located on the sex chromosomes. Sex-and age-related differences were studied in order to investigate the different patterns of metal bioaccumulation between male and female individuals and between adults and juveniles. Juvenile females had significantly higher arsenic levels than males, while selenium levels increased significantly with age in both sexes. Penguins kept in controlled environments-given that diet and habitat are under strict control-represent a unique opportunity to determine if and how metal bioaccumulation is related to sex and age.","owner":{"id":38868098,"first_name":"Livio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Favaro","page_name":"LivioFavaro","domain_name":"unito","created_at":"2015-11-22T01:04:01.809-08:00","display_name":"Livio Favaro","url":"https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro"},"attachments":[{"id":53473287,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473287/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Squadrone_2015-1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473287/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Sex_and_age_related_variation_in_metal_c.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473287/Squadrone_2015-1-libre.pdf?1497266260=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSex_and_age_related_variation_in_metal_c.pdf\u0026Expires=1743127077\u0026Signature=ZFoSTGpQ1rdR3QI1fmRGfjYD5XGUPNgWlISnK0RsFd60dN-tHm44HYp9LQggZDv9Yd5Rt0ZcGhHqb4-cCnjD8MRNxvvfLS9ZUmGBFH~WXP3aQF~rld7XrhajjmA5eXR2LXu3lkjLeXqYiTrTJTfTJnQnee8uCmZfsgeHqegmg6ZCk-3ywU7PAvb0Injjilmy5lnlPTqoa~oDARVSN1YhwlQZ5dx4dsuLiz~feTJo9AC6Lec1Vx4fgZnjq7lLuM71udXCVzPFvIl9Mtd6emeV4UXi8Dk7errU5DtoyaXwCnul8ArHH-CXw4mAjiwpBFzZi5eEajt8ggW6IT2IzoKRvQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33421429"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421429/Artificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Revealing_Individuality_Group_Membership_and_Age_Information_in_Goat_Kid_Contact_Calls"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Artificial Neural Network Approachfor Revealing Individuality,Group Membership and Age Information in Goat Kid Contact Calls" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473266/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421429/Artificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Revealing_Individuality_Group_Membership_and_Age_Information_in_Goat_Kid_Contact_Calls">Artificial Neural Network Approachfor Revealing Individuality,Group Membership and Age Information in Goat Kid Contact Calls</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Machine learning techniques are becoming an important tool for studying animal vocal communicatio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Machine learning techniques are becoming an important tool for studying animal vocal communication. The goat (Capra hircus)i sav ery social species, in which vocal communication and recognition are important. We tested the reliability of aM ulti-Layer Perceptron (feed-forward Artificial Neural Network, ANN)t oa utomate the process of classification of calls according to individual identity,g roup membership and maturation in this species. Vo calisations were obtained from 10 half-sibling (same father butdifferent mothers)goat kids, belonging to 3d istinct social groups. We recorded 157 contact calls emitted during first week, and 164 additional calls recorded from the same individuals at 5w eeks. Fore ach call, we measured 27 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters using ac ustom built program in Praat software. Fore ach classification task we built stratified 10-fold cross-validated neural networks. The input nodes corresponded to the acoustic parameters measured on each signal. ANNs were trained with the error-back-propagation algorithm. The number of hidden units wasset to the number of attributes + classes. Each model wast rained for 350 epochs (learning rate 0.2; momentum 0.2). To estimate areliable error for the models, we repeated 10-fold cross-validation iterations 10 times and calculated the average predictive performance. The accuracywas 71.13 ±1.16% for vocal individuality,79.59 ±0.75% for social group and 91.37 ±0.76% for age of the vocalising animal. Our results demonstrate that ANNs are apowerful tool for studying vocal cues to individuality,group membership and maturation in contact calls. The performances we achievedwere higher than those obtained for the same classification tasks using classical statistical methods such as Discriminant Function Analysis. Further studies, investigating the reliability of these algorithms for the real-time classification of contact calls and comparing ANNs with other machine learning techniques are important to develop technology to remotely monitor the vocalisations of domestic livestock.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cbf4f708f6105318c2547bae4380b4be" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473266,"asset_id":33421429,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473266/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421429"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421429"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421429; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421429]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421429]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421429; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421429']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cbf4f708f6105318c2547bae4380b4be" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421429]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421429,"title":"Artificial Neural Network Approachfor Revealing Individuality,Group Membership and Age Information in Goat Kid Contact Calls","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Machine learning techniques are becoming an important tool for studying animal vocal communication. The goat (Capra hircus)i sav ery social species, in which vocal communication and recognition are important. We tested the reliability of aM ulti-Layer Perceptron (feed-forward Artificial Neural Network, ANN)t oa utomate the process of classification of calls according to individual identity,g roup membership and maturation in this species. Vo calisations were obtained from 10 half-sibling (same father butdifferent mothers)goat kids, belonging to 3d istinct social groups. We recorded 157 contact calls emitted during first week, and 164 additional calls recorded from the same individuals at 5w eeks. Fore ach call, we measured 27 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters using ac ustom built program in Praat software. Fore ach classification task we built stratified 10-fold cross-validated neural networks. The input nodes corresponded to the acoustic parameters measured on each signal. ANNs were trained with the error-back-propagation algorithm. The number of hidden units wasset to the number of attributes + classes. Each model wast rained for 350 epochs (learning rate 0.2; momentum 0.2). To estimate areliable error for the models, we repeated 10-fold cross-validation iterations 10 times and calculated the average predictive performance. The accuracywas 71.13 ±1.16% for vocal individuality,79.59 ±0.75% for social group and 91.37 ±0.76% for age of the vocalising animal. Our results demonstrate that ANNs are apowerful tool for studying vocal cues to individuality,group membership and maturation in contact calls. The performances we achievedwere higher than those obtained for the same classification tasks using classical statistical methods such as Discriminant Function Analysis. Further studies, investigating the reliability of these algorithms for the real-time classification of contact calls and comparing ANNs with other machine learning techniques are important to develop technology to remotely monitor the vocalisations of domestic livestock."},"translated_abstract":"Machine learning techniques are becoming an important tool for studying animal vocal communication. The goat (Capra hircus)i sav ery social species, in which vocal communication and recognition are important. We tested the reliability of aM ulti-Layer Perceptron (feed-forward Artificial Neural Network, ANN)t oa utomate the process of classification of calls according to individual identity,g roup membership and maturation in this species. Vo calisations were obtained from 10 half-sibling (same father butdifferent mothers)goat kids, belonging to 3d istinct social groups. We recorded 157 contact calls emitted during first week, and 164 additional calls recorded from the same individuals at 5w eeks. Fore ach call, we measured 27 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters using ac ustom built program in Praat software. Fore ach classification task we built stratified 10-fold cross-validated neural networks. The input nodes corresponded to the acoustic parameters measured on each signal. ANNs were trained with the error-back-propagation algorithm. The number of hidden units wasset to the number of attributes + classes. Each model wast rained for 350 epochs (learning rate 0.2; momentum 0.2). To estimate areliable error for the models, we repeated 10-fold cross-validation iterations 10 times and calculated the average predictive performance. The accuracywas 71.13 ±1.16% for vocal individuality,79.59 ±0.75% for social group and 91.37 ±0.76% for age of the vocalising animal. Our results demonstrate that ANNs are apowerful tool for studying vocal cues to individuality,group membership and maturation in contact calls. The performances we achievedwere higher than those obtained for the same classification tasks using classical statistical methods such as Discriminant Function Analysis. Further studies, investigating the reliability of these algorithms for the real-time classification of contact calls and comparing ANNs with other machine learning techniques are important to develop technology to remotely monitor the vocalisations of domestic livestock.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33421429/Artificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Revealing_Individuality_Group_Membership_and_Age_Information_in_Goat_Kid_Contact_Calls","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-06-12T04:13:40.850-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38868098,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29299546,"work_id":33421429,"tagging_user_id":38868098,"tagged_user_id":570936,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"e***r@qmul.ac.uk","affiliation":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)","display_order":2,"name":"Elodie Briefer","title":"Artificial Neural Network Approachfor Revealing Individuality,Group Membership and Age Information in Goat Kid Contact Calls"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53473266,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473266/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2014.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473266/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Artificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Re.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473266/Favaro_2014-libre.pdf?1497266126=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArtificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Re.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=I~Htz6SlZWvzo9rXVHhaP7oOCmxiCi7g0~kNEDzGCvsnFzT09QlnjhnsPpIOggkwODST4Ltf0fbSxkcgD-~~ZcaZvKN5JPlr7LwZ7t-vEpmeegier4iJZPqQBTs0H3KJq54fsUGXxdjiCMoOtK7c5XH3Dld1D3C~UO5cl2RxJhGmhTQhk~Ve9DJMskIsZUBaTZ9VHpLWSkghubVLo8sJhemKOgdl95tttHDFYfGXLsx-VO4rJc9OAP-T6x8n5eTCzwnEZIXG9LJ6nRQ97tC1FYIKv4W8ttZKAGrymLP3bS1WzdoE~gkTItWlGH8QVe619WWYsh945l6uwNBzBc6RlA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Artificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Revealing_Individuality_Group_Membership_and_Age_Information_in_Goat_Kid_Contact_Calls","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Machine learning techniques are becoming an important tool for studying animal vocal communication. The goat (Capra hircus)i sav ery social species, in which vocal communication and recognition are important. We tested the reliability of aM ulti-Layer Perceptron (feed-forward Artificial Neural Network, ANN)t oa utomate the process of classification of calls according to individual identity,g roup membership and maturation in this species. Vo calisations were obtained from 10 half-sibling (same father butdifferent mothers)goat kids, belonging to 3d istinct social groups. We recorded 157 contact calls emitted during first week, and 164 additional calls recorded from the same individuals at 5w eeks. Fore ach call, we measured 27 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters using ac ustom built program in Praat software. Fore ach classification task we built stratified 10-fold cross-validated neural networks. The input nodes corresponded to the acoustic parameters measured on each signal. ANNs were trained with the error-back-propagation algorithm. The number of hidden units wasset to the number of attributes + classes. Each model wast rained for 350 epochs (learning rate 0.2; momentum 0.2). To estimate areliable error for the models, we repeated 10-fold cross-validation iterations 10 times and calculated the average predictive performance. The accuracywas 71.13 ±1.16% for vocal individuality,79.59 ±0.75% for social group and 91.37 ±0.76% for age of the vocalising animal. Our results demonstrate that ANNs are apowerful tool for studying vocal cues to individuality,group membership and maturation in contact calls. The performances we achievedwere higher than those obtained for the same classification tasks using classical statistical methods such as Discriminant Function Analysis. Further studies, investigating the reliability of these algorithms for the real-time classification of contact calls and comparing ANNs with other machine learning techniques are important to develop technology to remotely monitor the vocalisations of domestic livestock.","owner":{"id":38868098,"first_name":"Livio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Favaro","page_name":"LivioFavaro","domain_name":"unito","created_at":"2015-11-22T01:04:01.809-08:00","display_name":"Livio Favaro","url":"https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro"},"attachments":[{"id":53473266,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473266/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2014.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473266/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Artificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Re.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473266/Favaro_2014-libre.pdf?1497266126=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArtificial_Neural_Network_Approachfor_Re.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=I~Htz6SlZWvzo9rXVHhaP7oOCmxiCi7g0~kNEDzGCvsnFzT09QlnjhnsPpIOggkwODST4Ltf0fbSxkcgD-~~ZcaZvKN5JPlr7LwZ7t-vEpmeegier4iJZPqQBTs0H3KJq54fsUGXxdjiCMoOtK7c5XH3Dld1D3C~UO5cl2RxJhGmhTQhk~Ve9DJMskIsZUBaTZ9VHpLWSkghubVLo8sJhemKOgdl95tttHDFYfGXLsx-VO4rJc9OAP-T6x8n5eTCzwnEZIXG9LJ6nRQ97tC1FYIKv4W8ttZKAGrymLP3bS1WzdoE~gkTItWlGH8QVe619WWYsh945l6uwNBzBc6RlA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33421412"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421412/Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_individual_identity_in_banded_penguins"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Acoustic correlates of body size and individual identity in banded penguins" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473248/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421412/Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_individual_identity_in_banded_penguins">Acoustic correlates of body size and individual identity in banded penguins</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/MarcoGamba">Marco Gamba</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Animal vocalisations play a role in individual recognition and mate choice. In nesting penguins ,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Animal vocalisations play a role in individual recognition and mate choice. In nesting penguins , acoustic variation in vocalisations originates from distinctiveness in the morphology of the vocal apparatus. Using the source-filter theory approach, we investigated vocal individuality cues and correlates of body size and mass in the ecstatic display songs the Hum-boldt and Magellanic penguins. We demonstrate that both fundamental frequency (f 0) and formants (F 1-F 4) are essential vocal features to discriminate among individuals. However, we show that only duration and f 0 are honest indicators of the body size and mass, respectively. We did not find any effect of body dimension on formants, formant dispersion nor estimated vocal tract length of the emitters. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract do not correlate with body size in penguins. Our results add important information to a growing body of literature on the role of the different vocal parameters in conveying biologically meaningful information in bird vocalisations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c493aaa947129efe4c4b4599adb6706a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473248,"asset_id":33421412,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473248/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421412"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421412"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421412; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421412]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421412]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421412; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421412']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c493aaa947129efe4c4b4599adb6706a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421412]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421412,"title":"Acoustic correlates of body size and individual identity in banded penguins","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Animal vocalisations play a role in individual recognition and mate choice. In nesting penguins , acoustic variation in vocalisations originates from distinctiveness in the morphology of the vocal apparatus. Using the source-filter theory approach, we investigated vocal individuality cues and correlates of body size and mass in the ecstatic display songs the Hum-boldt and Magellanic penguins. We demonstrate that both fundamental frequency (f 0) and formants (F 1-F 4) are essential vocal features to discriminate among individuals. However, we show that only duration and f 0 are honest indicators of the body size and mass, respectively. We did not find any effect of body dimension on formants, formant dispersion nor estimated vocal tract length of the emitters. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract do not correlate with body size in penguins. Our results add important information to a growing body of literature on the role of the different vocal parameters in conveying biologically meaningful information in bird vocalisations.","ai_title_tag":"Vocal Cues of Identity and Size in Banded Penguins","journal_name":"Acta Acustica United with Acustica"},"translated_abstract":"Animal vocalisations play a role in individual recognition and mate choice. In nesting penguins , acoustic variation in vocalisations originates from distinctiveness in the morphology of the vocal apparatus. Using the source-filter theory approach, we investigated vocal individuality cues and correlates of body size and mass in the ecstatic display songs the Hum-boldt and Magellanic penguins. We demonstrate that both fundamental frequency (f 0) and formants (F 1-F 4) are essential vocal features to discriminate among individuals. However, we show that only duration and f 0 are honest indicators of the body size and mass, respectively. We did not find any effect of body dimension on formants, formant dispersion nor estimated vocal tract length of the emitters. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract do not correlate with body size in penguins. Our results add important information to a growing body of literature on the role of the different vocal parameters in conveying biologically meaningful information in bird vocalisations.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33421412/Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_individual_identity_in_banded_penguins","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-06-12T04:12:05.802-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38868098,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29299528,"work_id":33421412,"tagging_user_id":38868098,"tagged_user_id":529195,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***a@unito.it","affiliation":"Università degli Studi di Torino","display_order":1,"name":"Marco Gamba","title":"Acoustic correlates of body size and individual identity in banded penguins"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53473248,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473248/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2017.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473248/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_ind.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473248/Favaro_2017-libre.pdf?1497266128=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAcoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_ind.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=L31mO-zgSssTTSwNbLIpK~EkP-g-I79zwPAnd4~H0MOIPwAvxXN9MZh-gT9Rvw3~rYzHod3Z-RLjlX~dO7MRwzwFx~fgtkANAd2Qv~tQGsQXqgpQ5Y2gzSbOhJxsTKqhg8isxF-4oe7g1q0i7QIW30lQZfs2OVgki9Ij8d4Nf4WsrK~vGBV8-SBpsPjn0DssKiShF~Pda6QXoUwiigID-aGx5mps4KCpQ5h3DUQ5qzXdjCdzVQiotj1z0ov0KOteK8ir~4QjTp8Djd~LTJmtAW-G~6PViqOTKy1F52ZToZf8v3q5W14sG4akNH~ddlf~ROgBtceaugM1Rhc2u1KiZQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_individual_identity_in_banded_penguins","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Animal vocalisations play a role in individual recognition and mate choice. In nesting penguins , acoustic variation in vocalisations originates from distinctiveness in the morphology of the vocal apparatus. Using the source-filter theory approach, we investigated vocal individuality cues and correlates of body size and mass in the ecstatic display songs the Hum-boldt and Magellanic penguins. We demonstrate that both fundamental frequency (f 0) and formants (F 1-F 4) are essential vocal features to discriminate among individuals. However, we show that only duration and f 0 are honest indicators of the body size and mass, respectively. We did not find any effect of body dimension on formants, formant dispersion nor estimated vocal tract length of the emitters. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract do not correlate with body size in penguins. Our results add important information to a growing body of literature on the role of the different vocal parameters in conveying biologically meaningful information in bird vocalisations.","owner":{"id":38868098,"first_name":"Livio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Favaro","page_name":"LivioFavaro","domain_name":"unito","created_at":"2015-11-22T01:04:01.809-08:00","display_name":"Livio Favaro","url":"https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro"},"attachments":[{"id":53473248,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473248/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2017.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473248/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Acoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_ind.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473248/Favaro_2017-libre.pdf?1497266128=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAcoustic_correlates_of_body_size_and_ind.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=L31mO-zgSssTTSwNbLIpK~EkP-g-I79zwPAnd4~H0MOIPwAvxXN9MZh-gT9Rvw3~rYzHod3Z-RLjlX~dO7MRwzwFx~fgtkANAd2Qv~tQGsQXqgpQ5Y2gzSbOhJxsTKqhg8isxF-4oe7g1q0i7QIW30lQZfs2OVgki9Ij8d4Nf4WsrK~vGBV8-SBpsPjn0DssKiShF~Pda6QXoUwiigID-aGx5mps4KCpQ5h3DUQ5qzXdjCdzVQiotj1z0ov0KOteK8ir~4QjTp8Djd~LTJmtAW-G~6PViqOTKy1F52ZToZf8v3q5W14sG4akNH~ddlf~ROgBtceaugM1Rhc2u1KiZQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33421407"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421407/Vocal_individuality_cues_in_the_African_penguin_Spheniscus_demersus_a_source_filter_theory_approach"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vocal individuality cues in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus): a source-filter theory approach" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473244/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33421407/Vocal_individuality_cues_in_the_African_penguin_Spheniscus_demersus_a_source_filter_theory_approach">Vocal individuality cues in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus): a source-filter theory approach</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa. In penguins of the genus Sph...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa. In penguins of the genus Spheniscus vocalisations are important for social recognition. However, it is not clear which acoustic features of calls can encode individual identity information. We recorded contact calls and ecstatic display songs of 12 adult birds from a captive colony. For each vocalisation, we measured 31 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters related to both source and filter components of calls. For each parameter, we calculated the Potential of Individual Coding (PIC). The acoustic parameters showing PIC ≥ 1.1 were used to perform a stepwise cross-validated discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA correctly classified 66.1% of the contact calls and 62.5% of display songs to the correct individual. The DFA also resulted in the further selection of 10 acoustic features for contact calls and 9 for display songs that were important for vocal individuality. Our results suggest that studying the anatomical constraints that influence nesting penguin vocalisations from a source-filter perspective, can lead to a much better understanding of the acoustic cues of individuality contained in their calls. This approach could be further extended to study and understand vocal communication in other bird species. Animal vocalisations have the potential to provide a variety of information about age, body size, sex, social status, and behavioural state of the emitter 1,2. Vocalisations are also a prominent channel for signalling individual identity to conspecifics 3–8. Discriminating among individuals is important for almost all social behaviours 9 and the evolution of vocal individuality has been shown to be related to the size of social groups 10. Accordingly, species living in larger groups have more signature information in their calls compared to species that live in smaller (even if more complex), social units 10. In birds, evidence for individual acoustic variation in vocal signals exists in a wide range of species 11 and acoustic features of vocalisations are shaped by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors 12. Accordingly, mechanisms to encode the acoustic cues of individuality, range from amplitude 13,14 and frequency modulations 15,16 to the sequence of vocal units in songbirds 17,18. The source-filter theory of vocal production 19 is a robust framework for studying individuality cues in the vocalisations of many non-human mammals 20 , where acoustic variation can originate from individual distinctiveness in the morphology or size of the vocal apparatus. More recently, the source-filter theory has emerged as the dominant theory for also explaining the acoustic output of many bird vocali-sations 21–25. According to this theory, bird calls are produced by the syrinx (the source), a two-part vocal organ located at the base of the trachea 26,27 , through vibrations of membranes (determining the fundamental frequency, " f 0 "). Subsequently, the sound passes through the suprasyringeal vocal tract (filter,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="07f3fca2be2ccdf01ed5adeef1eb9ebc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473244,"asset_id":33421407,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473244/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421407"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421407"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421407; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421407]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421407]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421407; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421407']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "07f3fca2be2ccdf01ed5adeef1eb9ebc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421407]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421407,"title":"Vocal individuality cues in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus): a source-filter theory approach","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa. In penguins of the genus Spheniscus vocalisations are important for social recognition. However, it is not clear which acoustic features of calls can encode individual identity information. We recorded contact calls and ecstatic display songs of 12 adult birds from a captive colony. For each vocalisation, we measured 31 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters related to both source and filter components of calls. For each parameter, we calculated the Potential of Individual Coding (PIC). The acoustic parameters showing PIC ≥ 1.1 were used to perform a stepwise cross-validated discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA correctly classified 66.1% of the contact calls and 62.5% of display songs to the correct individual. The DFA also resulted in the further selection of 10 acoustic features for contact calls and 9 for display songs that were important for vocal individuality. Our results suggest that studying the anatomical constraints that influence nesting penguin vocalisations from a source-filter perspective, can lead to a much better understanding of the acoustic cues of individuality contained in their calls. This approach could be further extended to study and understand vocal communication in other bird species. Animal vocalisations have the potential to provide a variety of information about age, body size, sex, social status, and behavioural state of the emitter 1,2. Vocalisations are also a prominent channel for signalling individual identity to conspecifics 3–8. Discriminating among individuals is important for almost all social behaviours 9 and the evolution of vocal individuality has been shown to be related to the size of social groups 10. Accordingly, species living in larger groups have more signature information in their calls compared to species that live in smaller (even if more complex), social units 10. In birds, evidence for individual acoustic variation in vocal signals exists in a wide range of species 11 and acoustic features of vocalisations are shaped by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors 12. Accordingly, mechanisms to encode the acoustic cues of individuality, range from amplitude 13,14 and frequency modulations 15,16 to the sequence of vocal units in songbirds 17,18. The source-filter theory of vocal production 19 is a robust framework for studying individuality cues in the vocalisations of many non-human mammals 20 , where acoustic variation can originate from individual distinctiveness in the morphology or size of the vocal apparatus. More recently, the source-filter theory has emerged as the dominant theory for also explaining the acoustic output of many bird vocali-sations 21–25. According to this theory, bird calls are produced by the syrinx (the source), a two-part vocal organ located at the base of the trachea 26,27 , through vibrations of membranes (determining the fundamental frequency, \" f 0 \"). Subsequently, the sound passes through the suprasyringeal vocal tract (filter,"},"translated_abstract":"The African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa. In penguins of the genus Spheniscus vocalisations are important for social recognition. However, it is not clear which acoustic features of calls can encode individual identity information. We recorded contact calls and ecstatic display songs of 12 adult birds from a captive colony. For each vocalisation, we measured 31 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters related to both source and filter components of calls. For each parameter, we calculated the Potential of Individual Coding (PIC). The acoustic parameters showing PIC ≥ 1.1 were used to perform a stepwise cross-validated discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA correctly classified 66.1% of the contact calls and 62.5% of display songs to the correct individual. The DFA also resulted in the further selection of 10 acoustic features for contact calls and 9 for display songs that were important for vocal individuality. Our results suggest that studying the anatomical constraints that influence nesting penguin vocalisations from a source-filter perspective, can lead to a much better understanding of the acoustic cues of individuality contained in their calls. This approach could be further extended to study and understand vocal communication in other bird species. Animal vocalisations have the potential to provide a variety of information about age, body size, sex, social status, and behavioural state of the emitter 1,2. Vocalisations are also a prominent channel for signalling individual identity to conspecifics 3–8. Discriminating among individuals is important for almost all social behaviours 9 and the evolution of vocal individuality has been shown to be related to the size of social groups 10. Accordingly, species living in larger groups have more signature information in their calls compared to species that live in smaller (even if more complex), social units 10. In birds, evidence for individual acoustic variation in vocal signals exists in a wide range of species 11 and acoustic features of vocalisations are shaped by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors 12. Accordingly, mechanisms to encode the acoustic cues of individuality, range from amplitude 13,14 and frequency modulations 15,16 to the sequence of vocal units in songbirds 17,18. The source-filter theory of vocal production 19 is a robust framework for studying individuality cues in the vocalisations of many non-human mammals 20 , where acoustic variation can originate from individual distinctiveness in the morphology or size of the vocal apparatus. More recently, the source-filter theory has emerged as the dominant theory for also explaining the acoustic output of many bird vocali-sations 21–25. According to this theory, bird calls are produced by the syrinx (the source), a two-part vocal organ located at the base of the trachea 26,27 , through vibrations of membranes (determining the fundamental frequency, \" f 0 \"). 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In penguins of the genus Spheniscus vocalisations are important for social recognition. However, it is not clear which acoustic features of calls can encode individual identity information. We recorded contact calls and ecstatic display songs of 12 adult birds from a captive colony. For each vocalisation, we measured 31 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters related to both source and filter components of calls. For each parameter, we calculated the Potential of Individual Coding (PIC). The acoustic parameters showing PIC ≥ 1.1 were used to perform a stepwise cross-validated discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA correctly classified 66.1% of the contact calls and 62.5% of display songs to the correct individual. The DFA also resulted in the further selection of 10 acoustic features for contact calls and 9 for display songs that were important for vocal individuality. Our results suggest that studying the anatomical constraints that influence nesting penguin vocalisations from a source-filter perspective, can lead to a much better understanding of the acoustic cues of individuality contained in their calls. This approach could be further extended to study and understand vocal communication in other bird species. Animal vocalisations have the potential to provide a variety of information about age, body size, sex, social status, and behavioural state of the emitter 1,2. Vocalisations are also a prominent channel for signalling individual identity to conspecifics 3–8. Discriminating among individuals is important for almost all social behaviours 9 and the evolution of vocal individuality has been shown to be related to the size of social groups 10. Accordingly, species living in larger groups have more signature information in their calls compared to species that live in smaller (even if more complex), social units 10. In birds, evidence for individual acoustic variation in vocal signals exists in a wide range of species 11 and acoustic features of vocalisations are shaped by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors 12. Accordingly, mechanisms to encode the acoustic cues of individuality, range from amplitude 13,14 and frequency modulations 15,16 to the sequence of vocal units in songbirds 17,18. The source-filter theory of vocal production 19 is a robust framework for studying individuality cues in the vocalisations of many non-human mammals 20 , where acoustic variation can originate from individual distinctiveness in the morphology or size of the vocal apparatus. More recently, the source-filter theory has emerged as the dominant theory for also explaining the acoustic output of many bird vocali-sations 21–25. According to this theory, bird calls are produced by the syrinx (the source), a two-part vocal organ located at the base of the trachea 26,27 , through vibrations of membranes (determining the fundamental frequency, \" f 0 \"). 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Previous studies suggested that cetaceans in general are skilled at imitating sounds, but only few species have been studied to date. To expand this investigation to another species and to investigate the possible influence of the social environment on vocal learning, we studied the whistle repertoire of a female Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) that was stranded at an early age and was subsequently raised in a group of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We show that this cross-fostered animal produced vocal signals more akin to those of its Tursiops poolmates than those of Risso's dolphins in the wild. This is one of very few systematic cross-fostering studies in cetaceans and the first to suggest vocal production learning in the Risso's dolphin. Our findings also suggest that social experience is a major factor in the development of the vocal repertoire in this species.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f228bbb63698c29c14fe9ff178c62de1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473229,"asset_id":33421384,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473229/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421384"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421384"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421384; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421384]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421384]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421384; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421384']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f228bbb63698c29c14fe9ff178c62de1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421384]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421384,"title":"Evidence suggests vocal production learning in a cross-fostered Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Vocal learning is a rare skill in mammals, and we have limited information about the contexts in which they use it. Previous studies suggested that cetaceans in general are skilled at imitating sounds, but only few species have been studied to date. To expand this investigation to another species and to investigate the possible influence of the social environment on vocal learning, we studied the whistle repertoire of a female Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) that was stranded at an early age and was subsequently raised in a group of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We show that this cross-fostered animal produced vocal signals more akin to those of its Tursiops poolmates than those of Risso's dolphins in the wild. This is one of very few systematic cross-fostering studies in cetaceans and the first to suggest vocal production learning in the Risso's dolphin. Our findings also suggest that social experience is a major factor in the development of the vocal repertoire in this species.","ai_title_tag":"Vocal Learning in Cross-Fostered Risso's Dolphin"},"translated_abstract":"Vocal learning is a rare skill in mammals, and we have limited information about the contexts in which they use it. Previous studies suggested that cetaceans in general are skilled at imitating sounds, but only few species have been studied to date. To expand this investigation to another species and to investigate the possible influence of the social environment on vocal learning, we studied the whistle repertoire of a female Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) that was stranded at an early age and was subsequently raised in a group of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We show that this cross-fostered animal produced vocal signals more akin to those of its Tursiops poolmates than those of Risso's dolphins in the wild. 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Such vocalisa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Penguins produce contact calls to maintain social relationships and group cohesion. Such vocalisations have recently been demonstrated to encode individual identity information in the African penguin. Using a source-filter theory approach, we investigated whether acoustic cues of individuality can also be found in other Spheniscus penguins and the acoustic features of contact calls have diverged within this genus. We recorded vocalisations from two ex-situ colonies of Humboldt penguin and Magellanic penguin (sym-patric and potentially interbreeding in the wild) and one ex-situ group of African penguins (allopatric although capable of interbreeding with the other two species in captivity). We measured 14 acoustic parameters from each vocalisation. These included temporal (duration), source-related (fundamental frequency, f 0), and filter-related (formants) parameters. They were then used to carry out a series of stepwise discriminant function analyses (with cross-validation) and General Linear Model comparisons. We showed that contact calls allow individual discrimination in two additional species of the genus Spheniscus. We also found that calls can be classified according to species in a manner far greater than that attributable by chance, even though there is limited genetic distance among African, Humboldt, and Magellanic penguins. Our results provide further evidence that the source-filter theory is a valuable framework for investigating the biologically meaningful information contained in bird vocalisations. Our findings also provide novel insights into penguin vocal communication and suggest that contact calls of the penguin family are affected by selection for individuality.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="02182508276da2f10edf0789d4d5e2ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53473226,"asset_id":33421374,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473226/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33421374"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33421374"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421374; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33421374]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33421374; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33421374']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "02182508276da2f10edf0789d4d5e2ec" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33421374]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33421374,"title":"Vocal individuality and species divergence in the contact calls of banded penguins","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Penguins produce contact calls to maintain social relationships and group cohesion. Such vocalisations have recently been demonstrated to encode individual identity information in the African penguin. Using a source-filter theory approach, we investigated whether acoustic cues of individuality can also be found in other Spheniscus penguins and the acoustic features of contact calls have diverged within this genus. We recorded vocalisations from two ex-situ colonies of Humboldt penguin and Magellanic penguin (sym-patric and potentially interbreeding in the wild) and one ex-situ group of African penguins (allopatric although capable of interbreeding with the other two species in captivity). We measured 14 acoustic parameters from each vocalisation. These included temporal (duration), source-related (fundamental frequency, f 0), and filter-related (formants) parameters. They were then used to carry out a series of stepwise discriminant function analyses (with cross-validation) and General Linear Model comparisons. We showed that contact calls allow individual discrimination in two additional species of the genus Spheniscus. We also found that calls can be classified according to species in a manner far greater than that attributable by chance, even though there is limited genetic distance among African, Humboldt, and Magellanic penguins. Our results provide further evidence that the source-filter theory is a valuable framework for investigating the biologically meaningful information contained in bird vocalisations. Our findings also provide novel insights into penguin vocal communication and suggest that contact calls of the penguin family are affected by selection for individuality."},"translated_abstract":"Penguins produce contact calls to maintain social relationships and group cohesion. Such vocalisations have recently been demonstrated to encode individual identity information in the African penguin. Using a source-filter theory approach, we investigated whether acoustic cues of individuality can also be found in other Spheniscus penguins and the acoustic features of contact calls have diverged within this genus. We recorded vocalisations from two ex-situ colonies of Humboldt penguin and Magellanic penguin (sym-patric and potentially interbreeding in the wild) and one ex-situ group of African penguins (allopatric although capable of interbreeding with the other two species in captivity). We measured 14 acoustic parameters from each vocalisation. These included temporal (duration), source-related (fundamental frequency, f 0), and filter-related (formants) parameters. They were then used to carry out a series of stepwise discriminant function analyses (with cross-validation) and General Linear Model comparisons. We showed that contact calls allow individual discrimination in two additional species of the genus Spheniscus. We also found that calls can be classified according to species in a manner far greater than that attributable by chance, even though there is limited genetic distance among African, Humboldt, and Magellanic penguins. Our results provide further evidence that the source-filter theory is a valuable framework for investigating the biologically meaningful information contained in bird vocalisations. Our findings also provide novel insights into penguin vocal communication and suggest that contact calls of the penguin family are affected by selection for individuality.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33421374/Vocal_individuality_and_species_divergence_in_the_contact_calls_of_banded_penguins","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-06-12T04:07:28.497-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38868098,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29299511,"work_id":33421374,"tagging_user_id":38868098,"tagged_user_id":529195,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***a@unito.it","affiliation":"Università degli Studi di Torino","display_order":1,"name":"Marco Gamba","title":"Vocal individuality and species divergence in the contact calls of banded penguins"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53473226,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473226/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2016-1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473226/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Vocal_individuality_and_species_divergen.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473226/Favaro_2016-1-libre.pdf?1497265779=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVocal_individuality_and_species_divergen.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=H-BCcX9mRxKIJ3t7nigJbUtBCzdBt8tJMCH9vqZYiCH6~P4uZCnxscqBhHYU9nx1NF2j4Tk0lPwLe-TKoDBxhmhwsD7teF1i0nLPT7k6dRo1yAU6nRy3qaE5y~fQBDKC3nbGPeODRx~thiQiEOBImTuM5qkgsTgod2YUlAWR7F9czAyNFEFYtr3XmHYCO8ObhEVyJ7-iBiha7n-nuypDT2cmYE4pSuhh7ImuzX4v7OxsyQGToP0F0qu7fdF~eJR1hVrIIGcgrQ9NYcM3Pl1xK-nuw7OtjJoLxmYm5TfnzoUXTrUCr4gLGDzVfvnrTCgA3v1xnzciIDeFBmQX9kU46A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Vocal_individuality_and_species_divergence_in_the_contact_calls_of_banded_penguins","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Penguins produce contact calls to maintain social relationships and group cohesion. Such vocalisations have recently been demonstrated to encode individual identity information in the African penguin. Using a source-filter theory approach, we investigated whether acoustic cues of individuality can also be found in other Spheniscus penguins and the acoustic features of contact calls have diverged within this genus. We recorded vocalisations from two ex-situ colonies of Humboldt penguin and Magellanic penguin (sym-patric and potentially interbreeding in the wild) and one ex-situ group of African penguins (allopatric although capable of interbreeding with the other two species in captivity). We measured 14 acoustic parameters from each vocalisation. These included temporal (duration), source-related (fundamental frequency, f 0), and filter-related (formants) parameters. They were then used to carry out a series of stepwise discriminant function analyses (with cross-validation) and General Linear Model comparisons. We showed that contact calls allow individual discrimination in two additional species of the genus Spheniscus. We also found that calls can be classified according to species in a manner far greater than that attributable by chance, even though there is limited genetic distance among African, Humboldt, and Magellanic penguins. Our results provide further evidence that the source-filter theory is a valuable framework for investigating the biologically meaningful information contained in bird vocalisations. Our findings also provide novel insights into penguin vocal communication and suggest that contact calls of the penguin family are affected by selection for individuality.","owner":{"id":38868098,"first_name":"Livio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Favaro","page_name":"LivioFavaro","domain_name":"unito","created_at":"2015-11-22T01:04:01.809-08:00","display_name":"Livio Favaro","url":"https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro"},"attachments":[{"id":53473226,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53473226/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Favaro_2016-1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53473226/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Vocal_individuality_and_species_divergen.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53473226/Favaro_2016-1-libre.pdf?1497265779=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVocal_individuality_and_species_divergen.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=H-BCcX9mRxKIJ3t7nigJbUtBCzdBt8tJMCH9vqZYiCH6~P4uZCnxscqBhHYU9nx1NF2j4Tk0lPwLe-TKoDBxhmhwsD7teF1i0nLPT7k6dRo1yAU6nRy3qaE5y~fQBDKC3nbGPeODRx~thiQiEOBImTuM5qkgsTgod2YUlAWR7F9czAyNFEFYtr3XmHYCO8ObhEVyJ7-iBiha7n-nuypDT2cmYE4pSuhh7ImuzX4v7OxsyQGToP0F0qu7fdF~eJR1hVrIIGcgrQ9NYcM3Pl1xK-nuw7OtjJoLxmYm5TfnzoUXTrUCr4gLGDzVfvnrTCgA3v1xnzciIDeFBmQX9kU46A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26509339"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509339/NDL_PCBs_in_muscle_of_the_European_catfish_Silurus_glanis_An_alert_from_Italian_rivers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of NDL-PCBs in muscle of the European catfish (Silurus glanis): An alert from Italian rivers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46806001/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509339/NDL_PCBs_in_muscle_of_the_European_catfish_Silurus_glanis_An_alert_from_Italian_rivers">NDL-PCBs in muscle of the European catfish (Silurus glanis): An alert from Italian rivers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Prearo">Marino Prearo</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemosphere</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The top predator Silurus glanis reflects the severe pollution by organic matter of Italian Rivers...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The top predator Silurus glanis reflects the severe pollution by organic matter of Italian Rivers (Northern Italy). 33.3% Of the analysed samples exceeded the maximum levels of 125 ng g À1 fresh weight (fw) set by Regulation in fish muscle. Po River registered the highest presence of NDL-PCB, with 50% of samples not compliant with EU ML.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b85a9acc762938be93cfd0ba26a850e7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46806001,"asset_id":26509339,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46806001/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26509339"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26509339"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26509339; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26509339]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26509339]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26509339; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26509339']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b85a9acc762938be93cfd0ba26a850e7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26509339]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26509339,"title":"NDL-PCBs in muscle of the European catfish (Silurus glanis): An alert from Italian rivers","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The top predator Silurus glanis reflects the severe pollution by organic matter of Italian Rivers (Northern Italy). 33.3% Of the analysed samples exceeded the maximum levels of 125 ng g À1 fresh weight (fw) set by Regulation in fish muscle. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26509356"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509356/Mycobacterium_salmoniphilum_infection_in_farmed_Atlantic_salmon_Salmo_salar_L"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum infection in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46805998/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509356/Mycobacterium_salmoniphilum_infection_in_farmed_Atlantic_salmon_Salmo_salar_L">Mycobacterium salmoniphilum infection in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Prearo">Marino Prearo</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Fish Diseases</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="47e112638b9291f2795ea6c6d23cdeb2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46805998,"asset_id":26509356,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46805998/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26509356"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26509356"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26509356; 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Mycobacteriosis, characterized by granulomatous lesions primarily affecting the liver and kidney, poses severe economic risks to the fish farming industry. Surveillance and monitoring are crucial to prevent the spread of this disease, which currently lacks effective treatment options.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26509356/Mycobacterium_salmoniphilum_infection_in_farmed_Atlantic_salmon_Salmo_salar_L","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-06-26T08:28:42.365-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":39842049,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":21763879,"work_id":26509356,"tagging_user_id":39842049,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":4866236,"email":"m***i@izsto.it","display_order":0,"name":"Marzia Righetti","title":"Mycobacterium salmoniphilum infection in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Prearo">Marino Prearo</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KatiaVarello">Katia Varello</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarziaRighetti">Marzia Righetti</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Fish Diseases</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2981567d9836d4adfb29b478af5b5665" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46805996,"asset_id":26509358,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">crayfish, machine learning, ecological modelling, conservation, endangered species</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b1066455fdf889ad7d21e21f8fc2fb2c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45915968,"asset_id":25587300,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45915968/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="25587300"><a 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26509359"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509359/Association_of_a_specific_major_histocompatibility_complex_class_II%CE%B2_single_nucleotide_polymorphism_with_resistance_to_lactococcosis_in_rainbow_trout_Oncorhynchus_mykiss_Walbaum_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46806003/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509359/Association_of_a_specific_major_histocompatibility_complex_class_II%CE%B2_single_nucleotide_polymorphism_with_resistance_to_lactococcosis_in_rainbow_trout_Oncorhynchus_mykiss_Walbaum_">Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Prearo">Marino Prearo</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Fish Diseases</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides and initiate immune responses through their interaction with T cells. MHC class II molecules are heterodimers consisting of a and b chains encoded by extremely variable genes; variation in exon 2 is responsible for the majority of observed polymorphisms, mostly concentrated in the codons specifying the peptide-binding region. Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis, a warm-water bacterial infection pathogenic for cultured freshwater and marine fish. It causes considerable economic losses, limiting the profitability and development of fish industries in general and the intensive production of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in particular. The disease is currently controlled with vaccines and antibiotics; however, vaccines have short-term efficacy, and increasing concerns regarding antibiotic residues have called for alternative strategies. To explore the involvement of the MHC class II b-1 domain as a candidate gene for resistance to lactococcosis, we exposed 400 rainbow trout to naturally contaminated water. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and one haplotype were associated with resistance (P < 0.01). These results are promising for using MHC class IIb as a molecular marker in breeding rainbow trout resistant to lactococcosis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e98a0806339f46e746f2f81bfe1b73f2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46806003,"asset_id":26509359,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46806003/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26509359"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26509359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26509359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26509359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26509359]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26509359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26509359']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e98a0806339f46e746f2f81bfe1b73f2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26509359]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26509359,"title":"Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"MHC Class IIβ SNP Linked to Lactococcosis Resistance in Trout","grobid_abstract":"Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides and initiate immune responses through their interaction with T cells. MHC class II molecules are heterodimers consisting of a and b chains encoded by extremely variable genes; variation in exon 2 is responsible for the majority of observed polymorphisms, mostly concentrated in the codons specifying the peptide-binding region. Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis, a warm-water bacterial infection pathogenic for cultured freshwater and marine fish. It causes considerable economic losses, limiting the profitability and development of fish industries in general and the intensive production of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in particular. The disease is currently controlled with vaccines and antibiotics; however, vaccines have short-term efficacy, and increasing concerns regarding antibiotic residues have called for alternative strategies. To explore the involvement of the MHC class II b-1 domain as a candidate gene for resistance to lactococcosis, we exposed 400 rainbow trout to naturally contaminated water. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and one haplotype were associated with resistance (P \u003c 0.01). These results are promising for using MHC class IIb as a molecular marker in breeding rainbow trout resistant to lactococcosis.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Fish Diseases","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":46806003},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26509359/Association_of_a_specific_major_histocompatibility_complex_class_II%CE%B2_single_nucleotide_polymorphism_with_resistance_to_lactococcosis_in_rainbow_trout_Oncorhynchus_mykiss_Walbaum_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-06-26T08:28:42.770-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":39842049,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":21763881,"work_id":26509359,"tagging_user_id":39842049,"tagged_user_id":38865481,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"s***i@izsto.it","display_order":0,"name":"S. Colussi","title":"Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)"},{"id":21763882,"work_id":26509359,"tagging_user_id":39842049,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":2411230,"email":"s***i@yahoo.it","display_order":4194304,"name":"Simone Bertuzzi","title":"Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)"},{"id":21763883,"work_id":26509359,"tagging_user_id":39842049,"tagged_user_id":100623304,"co_author_invite_id":2692647,"email":"p***o@izsto.it","display_order":6291456,"name":"Paola Modesto","title":"Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)"},{"id":21763884,"work_id":26509359,"tagging_user_id":39842049,"tagged_user_id":39114809,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***g@libero.it","display_order":7340032,"name":"M. Maniaci","title":"Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)"},{"id":21763921,"work_id":26509359,"tagging_user_id":39842049,"tagged_user_id":322087731,"co_author_invite_id":239672,"email":"s***o@izsto.it","display_order":7864320,"name":"Simone Peletto","title":"Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)"},{"id":21763923,"work_id":26509359,"tagging_user_id":39842049,"tagged_user_id":6266399,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"r***o@gmail.com","display_order":8126464,"name":"Rosanna Desiato","title":"Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)"},{"id":21763925,"work_id":26509359,"tagging_user_id":39842049,"tagged_user_id":29942535,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"g***u@gmail.com","display_order":8257536,"name":"Giuseppe Ru","title":"Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)"},{"id":21763944,"work_id":26509359,"tagging_user_id":39842049,"tagged_user_id":32734528,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***s@izsto.it","display_order":8323072,"name":"P. Acutis","title":"Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)"},{"id":21763972,"work_id":26509359,"tagging_user_id":39842049,"tagged_user_id":38868098,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***o@unito.it","affiliation":"Università degli Studi di Torino","display_order":8355840,"name":"Livio Favaro","title":"Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46806003,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46806003/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Association_of_a_specific_major_histocom20160626-12799-xvfhhr.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46806003/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Association_of_a_specific_major_histocom.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46806003/Association_of_a_specific_major_histocom20160626-12799-xvfhhr-libre.pdf?1466955293=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAssociation_of_a_specific_major_histocom.pdf\u0026Expires=1743094622\u0026Signature=X91XLiVw3utFy9tcBsJun-cNqOYkaIQtg2U5HCwNEa2Tjsohb~EcZjXReI-APCTcIxPsDbQ7I-o8AB7HfB5LbEl9Lw9-Xb34wD9Wvik2pGfb2EIb2qhNop3tGvVo2GL17YRFhiFYCiPCtORbA2doSHfeXdxPhhXXDlzLLgWZCS2Xk58BV~fDL7NOhYx0iPCoahhTF28URiuTbsl3S82lf0sfNiSLMK02Vl5~r2YlBcaM~x0wN~24BRok0yJCpKq~1hMs8jPfgfy5kTuOxSONltvJ2TMmIxQYj0-DAuPmHGPAmm5x-pqLEsQ08gGkbTV6CnBBXken1Mej1AbJGo41-Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Association_of_a_specific_major_histocompatibility_complex_class_IIβ_single_nucleotide_polymorphism_with_resistance_to_lactococcosis_in_rainbow_trout_Oncorhynchus_mykiss_Walbaum_","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides and initiate immune responses through their interaction with T cells. MHC class II molecules are heterodimers consisting of a and b chains encoded by extremely variable genes; variation in exon 2 is responsible for the majority of observed polymorphisms, mostly concentrated in the codons specifying the peptide-binding region. Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis, a warm-water bacterial infection pathogenic for cultured freshwater and marine fish. It causes considerable economic losses, limiting the profitability and development of fish industries in general and the intensive production of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in particular. The disease is currently controlled with vaccines and antibiotics; however, vaccines have short-term efficacy, and increasing concerns regarding antibiotic residues have called for alternative strategies. To explore the involvement of the MHC class II b-1 domain as a candidate gene for resistance to lactococcosis, we exposed 400 rainbow trout to naturally contaminated water. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and one haplotype were associated with resistance (P \u003c 0.01). These results are promising for using MHC class IIb as a molecular marker in breeding rainbow trout resistant to lactococcosis.","owner":{"id":39842049,"first_name":"Marino","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Prearo","page_name":"Prearo","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-12-07T00:48:44.340-08:00","display_name":"Marino 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Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_Diseases"},{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance"},{"id":105062,"name":"Disease resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_resistance"},{"id":170652,"name":"Fisheries Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries_Sciences"},{"id":435727,"name":"Major histocompatibility complex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_histocompatibility_complex"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences"},{"id":988721,"name":"Oncorhynchus Mykiss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncorhynchus_Mykiss"},{"id":1242119,"name":"Lactococcus lactis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactococcus_lactis"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26509345"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509345/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon_levels_in_European_catfish_from_the_upper_Po_River_basin"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in European catfish from the upper Po River basin" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46805994/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26509345/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon_levels_in_European_catfish_from_the_upper_Po_River_basin">Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in European catfish from the upper Po River basin</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Prearo">Marino Prearo</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="116e71943e1805ac551758236f36c6eb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46805994,"asset_id":26509345,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/30085894/The_Vocal_Repertoire_of_the_African_Penguin_Spheniscus_demersus_Structure_and_Function_of_Calls"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Vocal Repertoire of the African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus): Structure and Function of Calls" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50538163/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30085894/The_Vocal_Repertoire_of_the_African_Penguin_Spheniscus_demersus_Structure_and_Function_of_Calls">The Vocal Repertoire of the African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus): Structure and Function of Calls</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLoS ONE</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is a highly social and vocal seabird. However, currentl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is a highly social and vocal seabird. However, currently available descriptions of the vocal repertoire of African Penguin are mostly limited to basic descriptions of calls. Here we provide, for the first time, a detailed description of the vocal behaviour of this species by collecting audio and video recordings from a large captive colony. We combine visual examinations of spectrograms with spectral and temporal acoustic analyses to determine vocal categories. Moreover, we used a principal component analysis, followed by signal classification with a discriminant function analysis, for statistical validation of the vocalisation types. In addition, we identified the behavioural contexts in which calls were uttered. The results show that four basic vocalisations can be found in the vocal repertoire of adult African Penguin, namely a contact call emitted by isolated birds, an agonistic call used in aggressive interactions, an ecstatic display song uttered by single birds, and a mutual display song vocalised by pairs, at their nests. Moreover, we identified two distinct vocalisations interpreted as begging calls by nesting chicks (begging peep) and unweaned juveniles (begging moan). Finally, we discussed the importance of specific acoustic parameters in classifying calls and the possible use of the source-filter theory of vocal production to study penguin vocalisations. Citation: Favaro L, Ozella L, Pessani D (2014) The Vocal Repertoire of the African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus): Structure and Function of Calls. PLoS ONE 9(7): e103460.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="698df53d930389093fefa5d0d65608f5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50538163,"asset_id":30085894,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50538163/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30085894"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30085894"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30085894; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30085894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30085894]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30085894; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30085894']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "698df53d930389093fefa5d0d65608f5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30085894]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30085894,"title":"The Vocal Repertoire of the African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus): Structure and Function of Calls","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is a highly social and vocal seabird. 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The present study is the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Little is known about the acoustic behaviour of freshwater crustaceans. The present study is the first to describe the acoustic features and the sound production mechanisms of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Acoustic signalling was recorded and videotaped. When the animals were recorded in air, they produced a pulsed signal by beating the scaphognathite inside the chamber constituted by the efferent branchial channels. No sound was emitted after scaphognathite ablation. The acoustic features of the signals varied among individuals but were not correlated with body size. Several hypotheses on the functions of these sounds were discussed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d7261e6b9766ebf857579f4246d8dd9f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":4065179,"asset_id":716138,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4065179/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="716138"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="716138"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 716138; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=716138]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=716138]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 716138; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='716138']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d7261e6b9766ebf857579f4246d8dd9f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=716138]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":716138,"title":"Sound production in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier","ai_title_tag":"Acoustic Behavior of Procambarus clarkii Crayfish","grobid_abstract":"Little is known about the acoustic behaviour of freshwater crustaceans. 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The present study is the first to describe the acoustic features and the sound production mechanisms of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Acoustic signalling was recorded and videotaped. When the animals were recorded in air, they produced a pulsed signal by beating the scaphognathite inside the chamber constituted by the efferent branchial channels. No sound was emitted after scaphognathite ablation. The acoustic features of the signals varied among individuals but were not correlated with body size. 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Earlier studies have reported that neonatal dolphins can produce both whistles and burst-pulsed sounds just after birth and that early-pulsed sounds are probably a precursor of echolocation click trains. The aim of this research is to investigate the development of echolocation signals in a captive calf, born in the facilities of the Acquario di Genova. A set of 81 impulsive sounds were collected from birth to the seventh postnatal week and six additional echolocation click trains were recorded when the dolphin was 1 year old. Moreover, behavioral observations, concurring with sound production, were carried out by means of a video camera. For each sound we measured five acoustic parameters: click train duration (CTD), number of clicks per train, minimum, maximum, and mean click repetition rate (CRR). CTD and number of clicks per train were found to increase with age. Maximum and mean CRR followed a decreasing trend with dolphin growth starting from the second postnatal week. The calf's first head scanning movement was recorded 21 days after birth. Our data suggest that in the bottlenose dolphin the early postnatal weeks are essential for the development of echolocation abilities and that the temporal features of the echolocation click trains remain relatively stable from the seventh postnatal week up to the first year of life. Zoo Biol. 32:210-215, 2013.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ffa943eef28812e131e6a7ebc799232f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50538164,"asset_id":30085893,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50538164/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30085893"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30085893"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30085893; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30085893]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30085893]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30085893; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30085893']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ffa943eef28812e131e6a7ebc799232f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30085893]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30085893,"title":"Postnatal Development of Echolocation Abilities in a Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ): Temporal Organization","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Echolocation Development in Bottlenose Dolphins","grobid_abstract":"In spite of all the information available on adult bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) biosonar, the ontogeny of its echolocation abilities has been investigated very little. 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The calf's first head scanning movement was recorded 21 days after birth. Our data suggest that in the bottlenose dolphin the early postnatal weeks are essential for the development of echolocation abilities and that the temporal features of the echolocation click trains remain relatively stable from the seventh postnatal week up to the first year of life. 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Zoo Biol. 32:210-215, 2013.","owner":{"id":38868098,"first_name":"Livio","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Favaro","page_name":"LivioFavaro","domain_name":"unito","created_at":"2015-11-22T01:04:01.809-08:00","display_name":"Livio Favaro","url":"https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro"},"attachments":[{"id":50538164,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50538164/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Postnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab20161125-25961-aa5xph.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50538164/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Postnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50538164/Postnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab20161125-25961-aa5xph-libre.pdf?1480085415=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPostnatal_Development_of_Echolocation_Ab.pdf\u0026Expires=1743145347\u0026Signature=bqUAOMWASePNgWYwJjSN6IuGIF05mEFjDvm4gOERPswLioo9zDXv-J4vS0O-wE-edBB5EPOJ2E3RFDhx2VLVuSMdvGwdjrkK7E2iAN-WR-wS-V4w6B6~mQCoDqPxoX-iUyYhwY6u8LHtk9d5jNgeT0vCetxlvIv~DAZVuCz2dZxmkI~d2I9dr1AR-wPcLOGUKFLphLu6wNZhKD647kAHtcfWAkYT2NJWQr4nNPKF8k6evGO4ANaUC-p1iLPdZ40BjBbncEJ00iENqwtpXY0j~QnUyLqQfpCWiLRA-BnKuaTtPWQgonFBHYfi8onvubGQ1uZHXUZSQPkpTNLgDLSLBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology"},{"id":1672,"name":"Bioacoustics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioacoustics"},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging"},{"id":49037,"name":"Zoo Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoo_Biology"},{"id":55608,"name":"Ontogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontogeny"},{"id":170896,"name":"Echolocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echolocation"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1781477"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1781477/Performance_comparison_among_multivariate_and_data_mining_approaches_to_model_presence_absence_of_Austropotamobius_pallipes_complex_in_Piedmont_North_Western_Italy_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Performance comparison among multivariate and data mining approaches to model presence/absence of Austropotamobius pallipes complex in Piedmont (North Western Italy)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/23911652/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1781477/Performance_comparison_among_multivariate_and_data_mining_approaches_to_model_presence_absence_of_Austropotamobius_pallipes_complex_in_Piedmont_North_Western_Italy_">Performance comparison among multivariate and data mining approaches to model presence/absence of Austropotamobius pallipes complex in Piedmont (North Western Italy)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/MarcoGamba">Marco Gamba</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Comptes rendus biologies</span><span>, Jan 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ba3a3d7cd2a9089565e5a0aea1a7a1d0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":23911652,"asset_id":1781477,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/23911652/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1781477"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1781477"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1781477; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1781477]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1781477]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1781477; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1781477']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ba3a3d7cd2a9089565e5a0aea1a7a1d0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1781477]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1781477,"title":"Performance comparison among multivariate and data mining approaches to model presence/absence of Austropotamobius pallipes complex in Piedmont (North Western Italy)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","grobid_abstract":"This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. 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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): emerging contaminants of increasing concern in fish from Lake Varese, Italy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40203965/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18693714/Perfluorooctane_sulfonate_PFOS_and_perfluorooctanoic_acid_PFOA_emerging_contaminants_of_increasing_concern_in_fish_from_Lake_Varese_Italy">Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): emerging contaminants of increasing concern in fish from Lake Varese, Italy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unito.academia.edu/LivioFavaro">Livio Favaro</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarinoPrearo">Marino Prearo</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudioFoglini">Claudio Foglini</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SSquadrone">S. Squadrone</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="88bb447d73e37bd8bf2a05d6e952df65" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40203965,"asset_id":18693714,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40203965/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18693714"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18693714"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18693714; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18693714]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18693714]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18693714; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='18693714']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "88bb447d73e37bd8bf2a05d6e952df65" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=18693714]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":18693714,"title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): emerging contaminants of increasing concern in fish from Lake Varese, Italy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_abstract":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are persistent organic pollutants with high biological and chemical stability, commonly found in various environmental matrices, including aquatic ecosystems and human populations. 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