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Using the case of the Kings Basin Water Authority's... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9676561" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">California recently implemented a statewide effort to learn how best to outreach to and involve 'disadvantaged communities' in integrated regional water management (IRWM) planning. Using the case of the Kings Basin Water Authority's Disadvantaged Community Pilot Project Study, we argue that social learning is a key mechanism through which the procedural and distributive justice goals of environmental justice are integrated into water resources planning. Using interviews, focus groups and survey results, we find that social learning has short-and medium-term effects of increasing access to information, broadening stakeholder participation and developing initial foundations for structural changes to water governance. However, long-term change in the structure of IRWM institutions is, at best, in its early phases. Social learning provides a basis for changing water governance and management outcomes in ways that promote representation of traditionally marginalized groups and the water challenges they face.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9676561" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e9432afdf1a9334b17fa55028000af5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35871006,"asset_id":9676561,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35871006/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1330218" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/CarolinaBalazs">Carolina Balazs</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1330218" type="text/json">{"id":1330218,"first_name":"Carolina","last_name":"Balazs","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"CarolinaBalazs","display_name":"Carolina Balazs","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/CarolinaBalazs?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9676561 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9676561"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9676561, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9676561", }); 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Using the case of the Kings Basin Water Authority's Disadvantaged Community Pilot Project Study, we argue that social learning is a key mechanism through which the procedural and distributive justice goals of environmental justice are integrated into water resources planning. Using interviews, focus groups and survey results, we find that social learning has short-and medium-term effects of increasing access to information, broadening stakeholder participation and developing initial foundations for structural changes to water governance. However, long-term change in the structure of IRWM institutions is, at best, in its early phases. Social learning provides a basis for changing water governance and management outcomes in ways that promote representation of traditionally marginalized groups and the water challenges they face.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35871006,"asset_id":9676561,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1330218,"first_name":"Carolina","last_name":"Balazs","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"CarolinaBalazs","display_name":"Carolina Balazs","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/CarolinaBalazs?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":18590,"name":"Environmental Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Justice?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":18961,"name":"Social learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_learning?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8446601" data-work_id="8446601" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8446601/Walaszek_2012_M%C3%A9moire_M2_%C3%A9chelle_gouvernance_eau">Walaszek 2012 Mémoire M2 échelle gouvernance eau</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8446601" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db773ac0c223288807790c0f492e26f2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34834738,"asset_id":8446601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34834738/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17160795" href="https://univ-paris8.academia.edu/arianewalaszek">ariane walaszek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17160795" type="text/json">{"id":17160795,"first_name":"ariane","last_name":"walaszek","domain_name":"univ-paris8","page_name":"arianewalaszek","display_name":"ariane walaszek","profile_url":"https://univ-paris8.academia.edu/arianewalaszek?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8446601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8446601"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8446601, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8446601", }); 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This paper shows how the hydraulic modelling software, WaterGEMS, coupled with an integrated fast-messy genetic algorithm can be used... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35975767" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To have an efficient water distribution network, design alternatives need to be identified and analysed. This paper shows how the hydraulic modelling software, WaterGEMS, coupled with an integrated fast-messy genetic algorithm can be used to assess and select an optimum design alternative. The sole objective of the optimisation modelling was to minimise network cost subject to hydraulic and design constraints. Before being applied to the real network of Maun, Botswana, the fast-messy genetic algorithm was tested using the benchmark case study of Hanoi, Vietnam. The findings of the test revealed that the fast-messy genetic algorithm is superior to other popular metaheuristics (standard GA, simulated annealing, shuffled frog leaping algorithm, and shuffled complex evolution) in terms of processing speed. For the water distribution network of Maun, the focus was on finding the best trunk network pipeline route between two optimised options. Both alternative routes were designed to satisfy current and future (2020, 2025) peak hour demands.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35975767" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="44b5bf27403ab6ee9c48d9b5af4d3115" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55859858,"asset_id":35975767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55859858/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="76968115" href="https://ub-bw.academia.edu/TshepoJankie">Tshepo Jankie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="76968115" type="text/json">{"id":76968115,"first_name":"Tshepo","last_name":"Jankie","domain_name":"ub-bw","page_name":"TshepoJankie","display_name":"Tshepo Jankie","profile_url":"https://ub-bw.academia.edu/TshepoJankie?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/76968115/19392310/19307082/s65_tshepo.jankie.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35975767">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35975767"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BAlemaw">B Alemaw</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35975767'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35975767').html(); 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This paper shows how the hydraulic modelling software, WaterGEMS, coupled with an integrated fast-messy genetic algorithm can be used to assess and select an optimum design alternative. The sole objective of the optimisation modelling was to minimise network cost subject to hydraulic and design constraints. Before being applied to the real network of Maun, Botswana, the fast-messy genetic algorithm was tested using the benchmark case study of Hanoi, Vietnam. The findings of the test revealed that the fast-messy genetic algorithm is superior to other popular metaheuristics (standard GA, simulated annealing, shuffled frog leaping algorithm, and shuffled complex evolution) in terms of processing speed. For the water distribution network of Maun, the focus was on finding the best trunk network pipeline route between two optimised options. Both alternative routes were designed to satisfy current and future (2020, 2025) peak hour demands.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55859858,"asset_id":35975767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":76968115,"first_name":"Tshepo","last_name":"Jankie","domain_name":"ub-bw","page_name":"TshepoJankie","display_name":"Tshepo Jankie","profile_url":"https://ub-bw.academia.edu/TshepoJankie?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/76968115/19392310/19307082/s65_tshepo.jankie.jpg"},{"id":27594471,"first_name":"B","last_name":"Alemaw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BAlemaw","display_name":"B Alemaw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BAlemaw?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2550,"name":"Hydraulics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulics?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70780634" data-work_id="70780634" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70780634/Preliminary_Assessment_of_Water_Quality_in_Hydropower_Dam_Construction_Site_A_Case_Study_in_Middle_Paunglaung_Proposed_Hydropower_Dam">Preliminary Assessment of Water Quality in Hydropower Dam Construction Site: A Case Study in Middle Paunglaung Proposed Hydropower Dam</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nowadays, there are implementations of hydropower projects wherever possible in Myanmar as it is necessary for electricity in order to be balance with demand and supply, in doing so, it is facing deforestation, decreasing habitat,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70780634" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nowadays, there are implementations of hydropower projects wherever possible in Myanmar as it is necessary for electricity in order to be balance with demand and supply, in doing so, it is facing deforestation, decreasing habitat, biodiversity loss in the vicinity of Hydropower project area (hereafter project area). It is also affected on water quality of riverine ecosystem where Hydropower is situated. Indeed, hydropower is renewable clean energy; therefore, it is vital importance to undertake to implement hydropower projects in Myanmar by reducing impacts on natural resources as water bodies, aquatic life, and biodiversity richness to be sustainable state for the sake of community regarding Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the present work, the criteria of physico chemical indicator of water quality except few cases of the result of colour, conductivity, total dissolved solids of water quality in three locations is higher than W.H.O standard, as well as the turbidity of Ye-Pu stream is also higher than W.H.O standard by comparing with the standardization of World Health Organization (W.H.O) with two values, desirable as well as imperative values. Therefore, the role of innovative overall empirical solutions for conservation of water resources is vital importance by analysing water resources in the vicinity of middle Paunglaung hydropower dam. <br /><br />Keywords: implementations of hydropower projects, riverine ecosystem, natural resources, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70780634" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb905a665b933278c97aa37b494e7b1a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80385903,"asset_id":70780634,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80385903/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43144532" href="https://mandalay.academia.edu/MieMieKyaw">Mie Mie Kyaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43144532" type="text/json">{"id":43144532,"first_name":"Mie Mie","last_name":"Kyaw","domain_name":"mandalay","page_name":"MieMieKyaw","display_name":"Mie Mie Kyaw","profile_url":"https://mandalay.academia.edu/MieMieKyaw?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43144532/41393959/51793378/s65_miemie.kyaw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70780634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70780634"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70780634, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70780634", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70780634]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70780634").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70780634").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70780634"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6963" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_and_Ecosystem_Function">Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6963" type="text/json">{"id":6963,"name":"Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_and_Ecosystem_Function?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_natural_resources_conservation">Environment and natural resources conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8511" type="text/json">{"id":8511,"name":"Environment and natural resources conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_natural_resources_conservation?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70780634]'), work: {"id":70780634,"title":"Preliminary Assessment of Water Quality in Hydropower Dam Construction Site: A Case Study in Middle Paunglaung Proposed Hydropower Dam","created_at":"2022-02-06T20:16:18.266-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70780634/Preliminary_Assessment_of_Water_Quality_in_Hydropower_Dam_Construction_Site_A_Case_Study_in_Middle_Paunglaung_Proposed_Hydropower_Dam?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_70780634","summary":"Nowadays, there are implementations of hydropower projects wherever possible in Myanmar as it is necessary for electricity in order to be balance with demand and supply, in doing so, it is facing deforestation, decreasing habitat, biodiversity loss in the vicinity of Hydropower project area (hereafter project area). It is also affected on water quality of riverine ecosystem where Hydropower is situated. Indeed, hydropower is renewable clean energy; therefore, it is vital importance to undertake to implement hydropower projects in Myanmar by reducing impacts on natural resources as water bodies, aquatic life, and biodiversity richness to be sustainable state for the sake of community regarding Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the present work, the criteria of physico chemical indicator of water quality except few cases of the result of colour, conductivity, total dissolved solids of water quality in three locations is higher than W.H.O standard, as well as the turbidity of Ye-Pu stream is also higher than W.H.O standard by comparing with the standardization of World Health Organization (W.H.O) with two values, desirable as well as imperative values. Therefore, the role of innovative overall empirical solutions for conservation of water resources is vital importance by analysing water resources in the vicinity of middle Paunglaung hydropower dam. \n\nKeywords: implementations of hydropower projects, riverine ecosystem, natural resources, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80385903,"asset_id":70780634,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43144532,"first_name":"Mie Mie","last_name":"Kyaw","domain_name":"mandalay","page_name":"MieMieKyaw","display_name":"Mie Mie Kyaw","profile_url":"https://mandalay.academia.edu/MieMieKyaw?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43144532/41393959/51793378/s65_miemie.kyaw.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6963,"name":"Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_and_Ecosystem_Function?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":8511,"name":"Environment and natural resources conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_natural_resources_conservation?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=33825"},{"id":24094,"name":"Modelling Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modelling_Climate_Change_Impacts_on_Water_Resources?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":41408,"name":"Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem-Based_Fisheries_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=33825"},{"id":90143,"name":"International law and Transboundary Water Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_law_and_Transboundary_Water_Resources?f_ri=33825"},{"id":343503,"name":"EIA monitoring and follow-up","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EIA_monitoring_and_follow-up?f_ri=33825"},{"id":613947,"name":"Sustainability Assessment and Social Impact Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainability_Assessment_and_Social_Impact_Assessment?f_ri=33825"},{"id":793519,"name":"Environmental and Social Impact Assessments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_and_Social_Impact_Assessments?f_ri=33825"},{"id":800271,"name":"Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact_Assessment_EIA_?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1213575,"name":"Tools for Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tools_for_Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1366231,"name":"Applications Related to Riverine Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applications_Related_to_Riverine_Ecosystem?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1648801,"name":"Social Impact Assessment (SIA) of Proposed Development Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Impact_Assessment_SIA_of_Proposed_Development_Projects?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1958655,"name":"Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development_Goals_SDGs_?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28041971" data-work_id="28041971" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28041971/Rapid_Detection_and_Quantification_of_Lanthanide_Ions_Using_High_Speed_Polymerase_Chain_Reactions">Rapid Detection and Quantification of Lanthanide Ions Using High-Speed Polymerase Chain Reactions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recently, a novel approach to a highly sensitive and quantitative detection of rare earth element (REE) ions including La3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, has been reported. The detection of REE ions is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28041971" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recently, a novel approach to a highly sensitive and quantitative detection of rare earth element (REE) ions including La3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, has been reported. The detection of REE ions is based on the catalytic nature of REE ions targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus monitoring of the ions can be achieved by reading the level of intact DNA by PCR. Despite of its high sensitivity (at ppb to ppt levels), the conventional PCR-based REE detection protocol requires certain length of time (1-2 hours). In the present study, we modified the PCR-based REE detection protocols by employing the high-speed PCR, and performed the automated and rapid detection of La3+ in small-sized aqueous samples within 5min.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28041971" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="97056a3124314380f46f40c10abb7f7d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48351204,"asset_id":28041971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48351204/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42266429" href="https://kitakyu-u.academia.edu/TomonoriKawano">Tomonori Kawano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42266429" type="text/json">{"id":42266429,"first_name":"Tomonori","last_name":"Kawano","domain_name":"kitakyu-u","page_name":"TomonoriKawano","display_name":"Tomonori Kawano","profile_url":"https://kitakyu-u.academia.edu/TomonoriKawano?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42266429/11411154/15409292/s65_tomonori.kawano.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28041971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28041971"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28041971, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28041971", }); 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The detection of REE ions is based on the catalytic nature of REE ions targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus monitoring of the ions can be achieved by reading the level of intact DNA by PCR. Despite of its high sensitivity (at ppb to ppt levels), the conventional PCR-based REE detection protocol requires certain length of time (1-2 hours). In the present study, we modified the PCR-based REE detection protocols by employing the high-speed PCR, and performed the automated and rapid detection of La3+ in small-sized aqueous samples within 5min.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48351204,"asset_id":28041971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42266429,"first_name":"Tomonori","last_name":"Kawano","domain_name":"kitakyu-u","page_name":"TomonoriKawano","display_name":"Tomonori Kawano","profile_url":"https://kitakyu-u.academia.edu/TomonoriKawano?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42266429/11411154/15409292/s65_tomonori.kawano.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":158,"name":"Marine Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=33825"},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1420,"name":"Aquatic Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Ecology?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1526,"name":"Sensors and Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensors_and_Sensing?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1583,"name":"Industrial 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Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_and_Environmental_Chemistry?f_ri=33825"},{"id":759336,"name":"Pollution De L'eau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollution_De_Leau?f_ri=33825"},{"id":962638,"name":"High Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Sensitivity?f_ri=33825"},{"id":999797,"name":"Gene Expression by qRT PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_by_qRT_PCR?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1266840,"name":"PCR/RFLP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PCR_RFLP-1?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75644518 coauthored" data-work_id="75644518" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75644518/Policy_implications_based_on_stakeholders_perceptions_for_integrated_management_of_the_Halda_River_Bangabandhu_Fisheries_Heritage_of_Bangladesh">Policy implications based on stakeholders' perceptions for integrated management of the Halda River: Bangabandhu Fisheries Heritage of Bangladesh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Halda River of Chattogram is an icon being the only tidal river supporting the spawning of the genetically pure major Indian carp species. Halda is declared as the Bangabandhu Fisheries Heritage due to the broader support for movement... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75644518" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Halda River of Chattogram is an icon being the only tidal river supporting the spawning of the genetically pure major Indian carp species. Halda is declared as the Bangabandhu Fisheries Heritage due to the broader support for movement towards its conservation. Discrete studies addressed water quality, land-use changes, ecosystem valuation, etc. without taking an integrated heritage conservation approach. This study aims to elucidate priority policy interventions for its integrated management by mapping significant constraints against Halda conservation. Published journal articles, newspaper reports, and reports on Halda from different organizations served as secondary information sources. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires from 132 respondents from the egg collectors, tobacco farmers, and the rubber dam irrigation project users living in three Upazilas adjacent to the Halda River-Manikchhari, Hathazari, and Raozan. Key informant interviews were taken from the professionals of government and non-government institutions and researchers. Egg collectors appreciated the Upazila administration (65%) and the Department of Fisheries (48%) as effectively working institutions. Administrative bodies marked pollution (73%) as the main challenge in Halda conservation. Based on findings, recommendations were made which may assist the policymakers in developing strategies for integrated management of the river.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75644518" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c6d0bf43431802e6823a5d46b0da2ff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83331573,"asset_id":75644518,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83331573/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="146685958" href="https://chittagong.academia.edu/AbdullahAlAsek">Abdullah Al Asek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="146685958" type="text/json">{"id":146685958,"first_name":"Abdullah Al","last_name":"Asek","domain_name":"chittagong","page_name":"AbdullahAlAsek","display_name":"Abdullah Al Asek","profile_url":"https://chittagong.academia.edu/AbdullahAlAsek?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/146685958/40230045/33019229/s65_abdullah_al.asek.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-75644518">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-75644518"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DilshadTasnima">Tasnima Dilshad</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://chittagong.academia.edu/MdKibria">Md. Manzoorul Kibria</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-75644518'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-75644518').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75644518 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75644518"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75644518, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75644518", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75644518 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75644518; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75644518"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75644518 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75644518"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75644518; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75644518]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75644518").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75644518").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75644518"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers">Rivers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12653" type="text/json">{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Policy">Water Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49379" type="text/json">{"id":49379,"name":"Water Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Policy?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75644518]'), work: {"id":75644518,"title":"Policy implications based on stakeholders' perceptions for integrated management of the Halda River: Bangabandhu Fisheries Heritage of Bangladesh","created_at":"2022-04-06T09:37:19.651-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75644518/Policy_implications_based_on_stakeholders_perceptions_for_integrated_management_of_the_Halda_River_Bangabandhu_Fisheries_Heritage_of_Bangladesh?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_75644518","summary":"The Halda River of Chattogram is an icon being the only tidal river supporting the spawning of the genetically pure major Indian carp species. 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Manzoorul","last_name":"Kibria","domain_name":"chittagong","page_name":"MdKibria","display_name":"Md. Manzoorul Kibria","profile_url":"https://chittagong.academia.edu/MdKibria?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5502039/2413379/2808054/s65_md..kibria.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":49379,"name":"Water Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Policy?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":54279,"name":"Policy making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making?f_ri=33825"},{"id":162884,"name":"Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_River_Basin_Management_IRBM_?f_ri=33825"},{"id":760401,"name":"River Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1246619,"name":"Breeding Grounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breeding_Grounds?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39785994" data-work_id="39785994" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39785994/EVALUATION_OF_WATER_SHORTAGE_IN_EAST_NILE_DELTA">EVALUATION OF WATER SHORTAGE IN EAST NILE DELTA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Egypt is one of the biggest and affected country in Africa and Middle East, which affected by increasing population and many developing projects. The Nile is the artery of life to Egypt as it shares with other ten countries as it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39785994" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Egypt is one of the biggest and affected country in Africa and Middle East, which affected by increasing population and many developing projects. The Nile is the artery of life to Egypt as it shares with other ten countries as it considered the longest river by adding its tributaries which reach 6,850 km. Egypt is suffering from deficit of water resources at the present and in the future. Modeling may be helpful in solving water shortage problems in the Nile valley with successful future planning. Many previous studies had applied mathematical, physical and mechanical models on Nile river basin and studying the impact of climate change and new strategies in water resources management and using the GIS and share decisions with al participates. In the present research, we apply WEAP program on east Nile delta and study Sharkia Governorate as case study as it is the third big governorate in population and it is expected to suffering from water deficit problem, so to achieve this deficit place and amount. We feed the program with total resources of main canals (Ismailia and Bahr Mowais) and total demand of water from different sectors; irrigation, domestic, and industrial water demands. then the program determines the deficit area and redistributes the water according to demand node priorities. We concluded that the water deficit value =11.6MCM/year occur at the end of irrigation network (San Al Hagar & Al Salheya region) where some illegal actions done by the farmers to overcome this water shortage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39785994" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f87e534b80d407d335ef18f9a243c571" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59971172,"asset_id":39785994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59971172/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39122404" href="https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication">IAEME Publication</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39122404" type="text/json">{"id":39122404,"first_name":"IAEME","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"iaeme","page_name":"publication","display_name":"IAEME Publication","profile_url":"https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39122404/12178523/13563629/s65_iaeme.publication.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39785994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39785994"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39785994, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39785994", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39785994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39785994; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39785994"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39785994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39785994"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39785994; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39785994]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39785994").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39785994").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39785994"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="142977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delta">Delta</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="142977" type="text/json">{"id":142977,"name":"Delta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delta?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2601242" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WEAP">WEAP</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2601242" type="text/json">{"id":2601242,"name":"WEAP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WEAP?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3311667" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Nile">River Nile</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3311667" type="text/json">{"id":3311667,"name":"River Nile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Nile?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39785994]'), work: {"id":39785994,"title":"EVALUATION OF WATER SHORTAGE IN EAST NILE DELTA","created_at":"2019-07-09T23:13:12.322-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39785994/EVALUATION_OF_WATER_SHORTAGE_IN_EAST_NILE_DELTA?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_39785994","summary":"Egypt is one of the biggest and affected country in Africa and Middle East, which affected by increasing population and many developing projects. The Nile is the artery of life to Egypt as it shares with other ten countries as it considered the longest river by adding its tributaries which reach 6,850 km. Egypt is suffering from deficit of water resources at the present and in the future. Modeling may be helpful in solving water shortage problems in the Nile valley with successful future planning. Many previous studies had applied mathematical, physical and mechanical models on Nile river basin and studying the impact of climate change and new strategies in water resources management and using the GIS and share decisions with al participates. In the present research, we apply WEAP program on east Nile delta and study Sharkia Governorate as case study as it is the third big governorate in population and it is expected to suffering from water deficit problem, so to achieve this deficit place and amount. We feed the program with total resources of main canals (Ismailia and Bahr Mowais) and total demand of water from different sectors; irrigation, domestic, and industrial water demands. then the program determines the deficit area and redistributes the water according to demand node priorities. We concluded that the water deficit value =11.6MCM/year occur at the end of irrigation network (San Al Hagar \u0026 Al Salheya region) where some illegal actions done by the farmers to overcome this water shortage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59971172,"asset_id":39785994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39122404,"first_name":"IAEME","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"iaeme","page_name":"publication","display_name":"IAEME Publication","profile_url":"https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39122404/12178523/13563629/s65_iaeme.publication.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":142977,"name":"Delta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delta?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":2601242,"name":"WEAP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WEAP?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":3311667,"name":"River Nile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Nile?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24973474" data-work_id="24973474" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24973474/Analyzing_precipitationsheds_to_understand_the_vulnerability_of_rainfall_dependent_regions">Analyzing precipitationsheds to understand the vulnerability of rainfall dependent regions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is well known that rivers connect upstream and downstream ecosystems within watersheds. Here we describe the concept of precipitationsheds to show how upwind terrestrial evaporation source areas contribute moisture for precipitation to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24973474" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is well known that rivers connect upstream and downstream ecosystems within watersheds. Here we describe the concept of precipitationsheds to show how upwind terrestrial evaporation source areas contribute moisture for precipitation to downwind sink regions. We illustrate the importance of upwind land cover in precipitationsheds to sustain precipitation in critically water stressed downwind areas, specifically dryland agricultural areas. We first identify seven regions where rainfed agriculture is particularly vulnerable to reductions in precipitation, and then map their precipitationsheds. We then develop a framework for qualitatively assessing the vulnerability of precipitation for these seven agricultural regions. We illustrate that the sink regions have varying degrees of vulnerability to changes in upwind evaporation rates depending on the extent of the precipitationshed, source region land use intensity and expected land cover changes in the source region.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24973474" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="012e1996fb8bbe8c83ac92c14571a24a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45304024,"asset_id":24973474,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45304024/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48150254" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RuudvanderEnt">Ruud van der Ent</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48150254" type="text/json">{"id":48150254,"first_name":"Ruud van der","last_name":"Ent","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RuudvanderEnt","display_name":"Ruud van der Ent","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RuudvanderEnt?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24973474 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24973474"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24973474, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24973474", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24973474 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24973474; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24973474"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24973474 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24973474"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24973474; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24973474]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24973474").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24973474").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24973474"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="400" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="400" type="text/json">{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought">Drought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8980" type="text/json">{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10225" type="text/json">{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24973474]'), work: {"id":24973474,"title":"Analyzing precipitationsheds to understand the vulnerability of rainfall dependent regions","created_at":"2016-05-03T02:24:44.174-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24973474/Analyzing_precipitationsheds_to_understand_the_vulnerability_of_rainfall_dependent_regions?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_24973474","summary":"It is well known that rivers connect upstream and downstream ecosystems within watersheds. Here we describe the concept of precipitationsheds to show how upwind terrestrial evaporation source areas contribute moisture for precipitation to downwind sink regions. We illustrate the importance of upwind land cover in precipitationsheds to sustain precipitation in critically water stressed downwind areas, specifically dryland agricultural areas. We first identify seven regions where rainfed agriculture is particularly vulnerable to reductions in precipitation, and then map their precipitationsheds. We then develop a framework for qualitatively assessing the vulnerability of precipitation for these seven agricultural regions. We illustrate that the sink regions have varying degrees of vulnerability to changes in upwind evaporation rates depending on the extent of the precipitationshed, source region land use intensity and expected land cover changes in the source region.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45304024,"asset_id":24973474,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48150254,"first_name":"Ruud van der","last_name":"Ent","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RuudvanderEnt","display_name":"Ruud van der Ent","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RuudvanderEnt?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":44340,"name":"Rainfed Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainfed_Agriculture?f_ri=33825"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=33825"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=33825"},{"id":79495,"name":"Land Cover","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Cover?f_ri=33825"},{"id":109291,"name":"Land Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use?f_ri=33825"},{"id":122396,"name":"Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Stress?f_ri=33825"},{"id":151321,"name":"Biogeosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeosciences?f_ri=33825"},{"id":217428,"name":"Land cover change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_cover_change?f_ri=33825"},{"id":858638,"name":"Rainfall Runoff Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainfall_Runoff_Modelling?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5898372" data-work_id="5898372" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5898372/Differences_between_two_climatological_periods_2001_2010_vs_1971_2000_and_trend_analysis_of_temperature_and_precipitation_in_Central_Brazil">Differences between two climatological periods (2001–2010 vs. 1971–2000) and trend analysis of temperature and precipitation in Central Brazil</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the framework of the IWAS/Água-DF project, this study focuses on changes in mean surface air temperature and accumulated precipitation in Central Brazil over the past 40 years. It has two main objectives: (1) comparison between two... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5898372" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the framework of the IWAS/Água-DF project, this study focuses on changes in mean surface air temperature and accumulated precipitation in Central Brazil over the past 40 years. It has two main objectives: (1) comparison between two climatological periods (2001–2010 and 1971–2000) and (2) trend analysis of climate variables. Time series of meteorological and rain gauge stations from Central Brazil have been organized in a databank, which contains tools for homogeneity tests. From that, 4 temperature and 55 precipitation time series were sufficient homogeneous, while 1 temperature and 5 precipitation time series were identified as inhomogeneous. Reliable spatial distribution was produced using proper interpolation method. Trends and significance levels were calculated by Rapp’s estimator of slope and Mann–Kendall test, respectively. The most important results of the comparisons and trend analysis in the last four decades are: (1) marked increase in annual and seasonal mean surface air temperature, (2) evident decreases of accumulated rainfall in winter and autumn, and (3) apparent increase of precipitation amounts in the rainy season.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5898372" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="71556f8dfdf7e111d30b82e68ad436b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35482483,"asset_id":5898372,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35482483/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8740373" href="https://ufsc.academia.edu/PabloBorges">Pablo Borges</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8740373" type="text/json">{"id":8740373,"first_name":"Pablo","last_name":"Borges","domain_name":"ufsc","page_name":"PabloBorges","display_name":"Pablo Borges","profile_url":"https://ufsc.academia.edu/PabloBorges?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8740373/2893094/20318935/s65_pablo.borges.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5898372 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5898372"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5898372, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5898372", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5898372 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5898372; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5898372"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5898372 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5898372"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5898372; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5898372]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5898372").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5898372").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5898372"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3754" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology">Climatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3754" type="text/json">{"id":3754,"name":"Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="633773" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainfall_Trend_Analysis">Rainfall Trend Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="633773" type="text/json">{"id":633773,"name":"Rainfall Trend Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainfall_Trend_Analysis?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5898372]'), work: {"id":5898372,"title":"Differences between two climatological periods (2001–2010 vs. 1971–2000) and trend analysis of temperature and precipitation in Central Brazil","created_at":"2014-01-30T23:10:01.705-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5898372/Differences_between_two_climatological_periods_2001_2010_vs_1971_2000_and_trend_analysis_of_temperature_and_precipitation_in_Central_Brazil?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_5898372","summary":"In the framework of the IWAS/Água-DF project, this study focuses on changes in mean surface air temperature and accumulated precipitation in Central Brazil over the past 40 years. It has two main objectives: (1) comparison between two climatological periods (2001–2010 and 1971–2000) and (2) trend analysis of climate variables. Time series of meteorological and rain gauge stations from Central Brazil have been organized in a databank, which contains tools for homogeneity tests. From that, 4 temperature and 55 precipitation time series were sufficient homogeneous, while 1 temperature and 5 precipitation time series were identified as inhomogeneous. Reliable spatial distribution was produced using proper interpolation method. Trends and significance levels were calculated by Rapp’s estimator of slope and Mann–Kendall test, respectively. The most important results of the comparisons and trend analysis in the last four decades are: (1) marked increase in annual and seasonal mean surface air temperature, (2) evident decreases of accumulated rainfall in winter and autumn, and (3) apparent increase of precipitation amounts in the rainy season.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35482483,"asset_id":5898372,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8740373,"first_name":"Pablo","last_name":"Borges","domain_name":"ufsc","page_name":"PabloBorges","display_name":"Pablo Borges","profile_url":"https://ufsc.academia.edu/PabloBorges?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8740373/2893094/20318935/s65_pablo.borges.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3754,"name":"Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":633773,"name":"Rainfall Trend Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainfall_Trend_Analysis?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36350503" data-work_id="36350503" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36350503/Integrated_Water_Resource_Management_IWRM_A_Local_Perspective_into_Qatar_s_Perception_Implementation_and_Practice">Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). A Local Perspective into Qatar’s Perception, Implementation and Practice.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) as a process has enthused a range of positive international debate following its becoming the one paradigm being globally promoted by institutions and water professionals to answer to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36350503" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) as a process has enthused a range <br />of positive international debate following its becoming the one paradigm being <br />globally promoted by institutions and water professionals to answer to the multi-<br />dimensional, multi-sectoral and multi-regional water issues. Despite it becoming a <br />commonplace concept in many countries that seek to address critical water resource <br />management issues and water shortages, the extent to which it is being adopted in <br />the affluent State of Qatar remains unknown with little evidence to indicate that <br />progress has been achieved in embracing an IWRM plan that is attuned to Qatar’s <br />needs. <br />This study explored the perception of IWRM and the factors impeding the adoption of <br />Integrated Water Resource Management as a process for managing the water <br />resources and addressing the critical water-shortage problems in Qatar. A <br />comprehensive qualitative literature review was carried out to seek out critical <br />information about the subject of IWRM. Several challenges and barriers were<br />identified from literature and used in exploratory interviews with industry experts in <br />Qatar to investigate the relevance of each. A survey questionnaire was prepared and <br />commissioned with water experts and practitioners from various backgrounds <br />ranging from government representatives, property developers, consultants and <br />contractors who are all involved in water development and management. <br />The interviews were prudent to help identify the level of awareness and the top three <br />factors hindering the adoption and application of IWRM in Qatar. The results revealed <br />that participants were mostly familiar with the concept of IWRM however only 40% <br />said they were well-versed. The results also indicated that human capacity building <br />(80%) is the number one reason preventing a full-fledge development of IWRM <br />followed by the fragmental and piecemeal approach towards managing water <br />resources (60%) and lastly, the ineffective management of water-related data and <br />information (50%). The clear majority felt that the current legal framework in place <br />comprised of policies and legislation that promote that concept of IWRM. The study <br />also showed an urgent need in Qatar for education and promotion of IWRM concepts <br />and principles at the level of water practitioners as well as the civil society and general <br />public.<br />In conclusion recommendations on improvements, emphasis and strategic direction <br />to attain IWRM plan in Qatar were drawn out and discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36350503" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91a465c750cde1175dd25fdc4de56f59" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56259242,"asset_id":36350503,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56259242/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25776477" href="https://rgu.academia.edu/fslim">fadl slim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25776477" type="text/json">{"id":25776477,"first_name":"fadl","last_name":"slim","domain_name":"rgu","page_name":"fslim","display_name":"fadl slim","profile_url":"https://rgu.academia.edu/fslim?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25776477/8499834/9498708/s65_fadl.slim.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36350503 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36350503"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36350503, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36350503", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36350503 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36350503; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36350503"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36350503 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36350503"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36350503; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36350503]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36350503").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36350503").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36350503"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46065" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qatar">Qatar</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46065" type="text/json">{"id":46065,"name":"Qatar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qatar?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="410358" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_and_Water_Conservation">Soil and Water Conservation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="410358" type="text/json">{"id":410358,"name":"Soil and Water Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_and_Water_Conservation?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36350503]'), work: {"id":36350503,"title":"Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). A Local Perspective into Qatar’s Perception, Implementation and Practice.","created_at":"2018-04-06T23:34:08.411-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36350503/Integrated_Water_Resource_Management_IWRM_A_Local_Perspective_into_Qatar_s_Perception_Implementation_and_Practice?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_36350503","summary":"Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) as a process has enthused a range \nof positive international debate following its becoming the one paradigm being \nglobally promoted by institutions and water professionals to answer to the multi-\ndimensional, multi-sectoral and multi-regional water issues. Despite it becoming a \ncommonplace concept in many countries that seek to address critical water resource \nmanagement issues and water shortages, the extent to which it is being adopted in \nthe affluent State of Qatar remains unknown with little evidence to indicate that \nprogress has been achieved in embracing an IWRM plan that is attuned to Qatar’s \nneeds. \nThis study explored the perception of IWRM and the factors impeding the adoption of \nIntegrated Water Resource Management as a process for managing the water \nresources and addressing the critical water-shortage problems in Qatar. A \ncomprehensive qualitative literature review was carried out to seek out critical \ninformation about the subject of IWRM. Several challenges and barriers were\nidentified from literature and used in exploratory interviews with industry experts in \nQatar to investigate the relevance of each. A survey questionnaire was prepared and \ncommissioned with water experts and practitioners from various backgrounds \nranging from government representatives, property developers, consultants and \ncontractors who are all involved in water development and management. \nThe interviews were prudent to help identify the level of awareness and the top three \nfactors hindering the adoption and application of IWRM in Qatar. The results revealed \nthat participants were mostly familiar with the concept of IWRM however only 40% \nsaid they were well-versed. The results also indicated that human capacity building \n(80%) is the number one reason preventing a full-fledge development of IWRM \nfollowed by the fragmental and piecemeal approach towards managing water \nresources (60%) and lastly, the ineffective management of water-related data and \ninformation (50%). The clear majority felt that the current legal framework in place \ncomprised of policies and legislation that promote that concept of IWRM. The study \nalso showed an urgent need in Qatar for education and promotion of IWRM concepts \nand principles at the level of water practitioners as well as the civil society and general \npublic.\nIn conclusion recommendations on improvements, emphasis and strategic direction \nto attain IWRM plan in Qatar were drawn out and discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56259242,"asset_id":36350503,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25776477,"first_name":"fadl","last_name":"slim","domain_name":"rgu","page_name":"fslim","display_name":"fadl slim","profile_url":"https://rgu.academia.edu/fslim?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25776477/8499834/9498708/s65_fadl.slim.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":46065,"name":"Qatar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qatar?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":410358,"name":"Soil and Water Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_and_Water_Conservation?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49581170" data-work_id="49581170" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49581170/Validation_of_Geomorphological_Parameters_of_Bori_Basin_of_Akkalkot_Taluka_Solapur_District_by_Using_GIS_And_Topographic_Data">Validation of Geomorphological Parameters of Bori Basin of Akkalkot Taluka, Solapur District by Using GIS And Topographic Data</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present research discusses the geomorphologic parameters of Bori basin that are determined by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Topographical Conventional System. The digital elevation model (DEM) of the basin is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49581170" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present research discusses the geomorphologic parameters of Bori basin that are determined by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Topographical Conventional System. The digital elevation model (DEM) of the basin is downloaded from Aster-GDEM and this digital map is used in the GIS software program to determine the geomorphologic parameters of the Bori basin. The geomorphological parameters are the area of basin, perimeter, river length, slope, etc. The extracted parameters are compared with the parameters obtained by conventional methods. These studies have shown that the geomorphologic parameters of the Bori basin determined by using GIS are much more precise and accurate than those determined by the conventional topographic method.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49581170" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc1b492a98dcf8f3ddba579cb0afd4b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":98300162,"asset_id":49581170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98300162/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31258981" href="https://kedarunipune.academia.edu/NanasahebSathe">Nanasaheb J Sathe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31258981" type="text/json">{"id":31258981,"first_name":"Nanasaheb","last_name":"Sathe","domain_name":"kedarunipune","page_name":"NanasahebSathe","display_name":"Nanasaheb J Sathe","profile_url":"https://kedarunipune.academia.edu/NanasahebSathe?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31258981/15641194/35852817/s65_nanasaheb.sathe.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49581170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49581170"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49581170, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49581170", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49581170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49581170; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49581170"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49581170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49581170"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49581170; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49581170]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49581170").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49581170").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49581170"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49581170]'), work: {"id":49581170,"title":"Validation of Geomorphological Parameters of Bori Basin of Akkalkot Taluka, Solapur District by Using GIS And Topographic Data","created_at":"2021-07-06T22:30:21.535-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49581170/Validation_of_Geomorphological_Parameters_of_Bori_Basin_of_Akkalkot_Taluka_Solapur_District_by_Using_GIS_And_Topographic_Data?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_49581170","summary":"The present research discusses the geomorphologic parameters of Bori basin that are determined by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Topographical Conventional System. The digital elevation model (DEM) of the basin is downloaded from Aster-GDEM and this digital map is used in the GIS software program to determine the geomorphologic parameters of the Bori basin. The geomorphological parameters are the area of basin, perimeter, river length, slope, etc. The extracted parameters are compared with the parameters obtained by conventional methods. These studies have shown that the geomorphologic parameters of the Bori basin determined by using GIS are much more precise and accurate than those determined by the conventional topographic method.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":98300162,"asset_id":49581170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31258981,"first_name":"Nanasaheb","last_name":"Sathe","domain_name":"kedarunipune","page_name":"NanasahebSathe","display_name":"Nanasaheb J Sathe","profile_url":"https://kedarunipune.academia.edu/NanasahebSathe?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31258981/15641194/35852817/s65_nanasaheb.sathe.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37186605" data-work_id="37186605" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37186605/Modes_of_Failure_of_South_African_Local_Government_in_the_Water_Services_Sector">Modes of Failure of South African Local Government in the Water Services Sector</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Water service delivery crises are increasingly prevalent in post-apartheid South Africa. This paper builds on earlier research into the challenges faced by local (municipal) government in the provision of water services, as demand grows... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37186605" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Water service delivery crises are increasingly prevalent in post-apartheid South Africa. This paper builds on earlier research into the challenges faced by local (municipal) government in the provision of water services, as demand grows and as infrastructure ages. The system dynamics modelling endeavour reported here was undertaken to clarify and explain the ongoing socio-technical problems. Six interlinked 'modes of failure' were identified. These include the underinvestment in, and over-extension of, water supply infrastructure; the lack of pro-active infrastructure planning combined with the lack of systematic maintenance; the enforced 'fire-fighting' reaction of municipal staff to service delivery crises; and inadequate financial means, infrastructure capacity, and technical staffing capacity. These modes of failure resonated with the experiences of technical officials from the Sundays River Valley Municipality who had participated in the case study between 2011 and 2015. In addition, the model proved to be an effective tool in communicating the causes of local water services systems failure at national policy level.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37186605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d64997e1380278c34eb5e42441ae6411" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57137942,"asset_id":37186605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57137942/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9661857" href="https://rhodes-za.academia.edu/JaiCH">Jai K Clifford-Holmes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9661857" type="text/json">{"id":9661857,"first_name":"Jai","last_name":"Clifford-Holmes","domain_name":"rhodes-za","page_name":"JaiCH","display_name":"Jai K Clifford-Holmes","profile_url":"https://rhodes-za.academia.edu/JaiCH?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9661857/16688592/16975465/s65_jai.clifford-holmes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37186605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37186605"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37186605, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37186605", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37186605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37186605").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37186605").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37186605"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Security">Water Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51731" type="text/json">{"id":51731,"name":"Water Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Security?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53158" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desalination">Desalination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53158" type="text/json">{"id":53158,"name":"Desalination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desalination?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37186605]'), work: {"id":37186605,"title":"Modes of Failure of South African Local Government in the Water Services Sector","created_at":"2018-08-05T23:58:58.672-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37186605/Modes_of_Failure_of_South_African_Local_Government_in_the_Water_Services_Sector?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_37186605","summary":"Water service delivery crises are increasingly prevalent in post-apartheid South Africa. This paper builds on earlier research into the challenges faced by local (municipal) government in the provision of water services, as demand grows and as infrastructure ages. The system dynamics modelling endeavour reported here was undertaken to clarify and explain the ongoing socio-technical problems. Six interlinked 'modes of failure' were identified. These include the underinvestment in, and over-extension of, water supply infrastructure; the lack of pro-active infrastructure planning combined with the lack of systematic maintenance; the enforced 'fire-fighting' reaction of municipal staff to service delivery crises; and inadequate financial means, infrastructure capacity, and technical staffing capacity. These modes of failure resonated with the experiences of technical officials from the Sundays River Valley Municipality who had participated in the case study between 2011 and 2015. In addition, the model proved to be an effective tool in communicating the causes of local water services systems failure at national policy level.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57137942,"asset_id":37186605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9661857,"first_name":"Jai","last_name":"Clifford-Holmes","domain_name":"rhodes-za","page_name":"JaiCH","display_name":"Jai K Clifford-Holmes","profile_url":"https://rhodes-za.academia.edu/JaiCH?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9661857/16688592/16975465/s65_jai.clifford-holmes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":51731,"name":"Water Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Security?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":53158,"name":"Desalination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desalination?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":88361,"name":"Water governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_governance?f_ri=33825"},{"id":996318,"name":"Ecological Infrastructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Infrastructure?f_ri=33825"},{"id":3002881,"name":"Collaborative Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collaborative_Modelling?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10041100" data-work_id="10041100" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10041100/Advancing_integrated_river_basin_management_in_the_Mississippi_Basin">Advancing integrated river basin management in the Mississippi Basin </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This document discusses type of institutional arrangements, organisations and shared leadership necessary to advance integrated river basin management (IRBM) in the Mississippi River Basin. The paper ambitiously proposes a Mississippi... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10041100" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This document discusses type of institutional arrangements, organisations and shared leadership necessary to advance integrated river basin management (IRBM) in the Mississippi River Basin. The paper ambitiously proposes a Mississippi River Basin Commission, based on international best practice.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10041100" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="296401619837e311eda164526ddba1f2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36171620,"asset_id":10041100,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36171620/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7801934" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HooperBruce">Bruce P Hooper</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7801934" type="text/json">{"id":7801934,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Hooper","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HooperBruce","display_name":"Bruce P Hooper","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HooperBruce?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7801934/123688958/167018014/s65_bruce.hooper.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10041100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10041100"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10041100, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10041100", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10041100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10041100; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10041100"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10041100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10041100"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10041100; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10041100]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10041100").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10041100").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10041100"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="798" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_Policy_Studies">Policy Analysis/Policy Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="798" type="text/json">{"id":798,"name":"Policy Analysis/Policy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_Policy_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2489" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_and_Decision_Making">Policy Analysis and Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2489" type="text/json">{"id":2489,"name":"Policy Analysis and Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_and_Decision_Making?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10041100]'), work: {"id":10041100,"title":"Advancing integrated river basin management in the Mississippi Basin ","created_at":"2015-01-06T18:58:54.298-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10041100/Advancing_integrated_river_basin_management_in_the_Mississippi_Basin?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_10041100","summary":"This document discusses type of institutional arrangements, organisations and shared leadership necessary to advance integrated river basin management (IRBM) in the Mississippi River Basin. The paper ambitiously proposes a Mississippi River Basin Commission, based on international best practice.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36171620,"asset_id":10041100,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7801934,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Hooper","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HooperBruce","display_name":"Bruce P Hooper","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HooperBruce?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7801934/123688958/167018014/s65_bruce.hooper.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":798,"name":"Policy Analysis/Policy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_Policy_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":2489,"name":"Policy Analysis and Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_and_Decision_Making?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":74986,"name":"River Basin Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Basin_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":80513,"name":"Political Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sciences?f_ri=33825"},{"id":88361,"name":"Water governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_governance?f_ri=33825"},{"id":162884,"name":"Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_River_Basin_Management_IRBM_?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_82115465" data-work_id="82115465" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82115465/IWRM_in_developing_countries_Lessons_from_the_Mhlatuze_Catchment_in_South_Africa">IWRM in developing countries: Lessons from the Mhlatuze Catchment in South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper analyses and discusses the concept of integrated water resources management (IWRM) and its application in South Africa. The central characteristics of IWRM are discussed and another feature, good governance, is highlighted as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_82115465" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper analyses and discusses the concept of integrated water resources management (IWRM) and its application in South Africa. The central characteristics of IWRM are discussed and another feature, good governance, is highlighted as being crucial for effective IWRM. The paper focuses on those features that distinguish water management challenges in developing countries from those experienced in developed countries (where most of the current definitions of IWRM originated). The case study discussed in this paper, the Mhlatuze Catchment in South Africa, was selected as being representative of a catchment situated in one of the country's 19 water management areas (WMAs) where attempts are being made to implement IWRM. The available evidence indicates that three sets of reasons are responsible for the failure to achieve full implementation of IWRM in the Mhlatuze Catchment. First, the national custodian of water resources-DWAF-continues to experience severe internal (technical capacity) problems that hinder its efforts to successfully manage the Usutu to Mhlatuze WMA (of which the Mhlatuze Catchment forms a part) as a unit. Secondly, while IWRM is, on paper, a key part of national policy, the concept has not been fully accepted and practiced by local water managers. Thirdly, a range of institutional challenges persist because there is insufficient alignment and cooperation between the policies of different government departments and the practices of different water use sectors that impact on water.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/82115465" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c992ccdee85f4e8489d61cbed14d5fdd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87925735,"asset_id":82115465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87925735/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38806" href="https://ufs.academia.edu/AnthonyTurton">Anthony R Turton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38806" type="text/json">{"id":38806,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Turton","domain_name":"ufs","page_name":"AnthonyTurton","display_name":"Anthony R Turton","profile_url":"https://ufs.academia.edu/AnthonyTurton?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38806/163006834/152788542/s65_anthony.turton.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_82115465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="82115465"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82115465, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_82115465", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82115465]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_82115465").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_82115465").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="82115465"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="407" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry">Geochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="407" type="text/json">{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="409" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics">Geophysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="409" type="text/json">{"id":409,"name":"Geophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=82115465]'), work: {"id":82115465,"title":"IWRM in developing countries: Lessons from the Mhlatuze Catchment in South Africa","created_at":"2022-06-23T10:09:41.120-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/82115465/IWRM_in_developing_countries_Lessons_from_the_Mhlatuze_Catchment_in_South_Africa?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_82115465","summary":"The paper analyses and discusses the concept of integrated water resources management (IWRM) and its application in South Africa. The central characteristics of IWRM are discussed and another feature, good governance, is highlighted as being crucial for effective IWRM. The paper focuses on those features that distinguish water management challenges in developing countries from those experienced in developed countries (where most of the current definitions of IWRM originated). The case study discussed in this paper, the Mhlatuze Catchment in South Africa, was selected as being representative of a catchment situated in one of the country's 19 water management areas (WMAs) where attempts are being made to implement IWRM. The available evidence indicates that three sets of reasons are responsible for the failure to achieve full implementation of IWRM in the Mhlatuze Catchment. First, the national custodian of water resources-DWAF-continues to experience severe internal (technical capacity) problems that hinder its efforts to successfully manage the Usutu to Mhlatuze WMA (of which the Mhlatuze Catchment forms a part) as a unit. Secondly, while IWRM is, on paper, a key part of national policy, the concept has not been fully accepted and practiced by local water managers. Thirdly, a range of institutional challenges persist because there is insufficient alignment and cooperation between the policies of different government departments and the practices of different water use sectors that impact on water.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87925735,"asset_id":82115465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38806,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Turton","domain_name":"ufs","page_name":"AnthonyTurton","display_name":"Anthony R Turton","profile_url":"https://ufs.academia.edu/AnthonyTurton?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38806/163006834/152788542/s65_anthony.turton.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":409,"name":"Geophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":45401,"name":"Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":51531,"name":"Pergamon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pergamon?f_ri=33825"},{"id":55966,"name":"Good Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_Governance?f_ri=33825"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=33825"},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=33825"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=33825"},{"id":251652,"name":"Water Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Use?f_ri=33825"},{"id":558243,"name":"Water Resource","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resource?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1483744,"name":"Integrated Water Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resource_Management?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70842070" data-work_id="70842070" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70842070/Governance_of_Water_and_Fisheries_Resources_that_Effects_on_Local_Community_Singu_Segment_Irrawaddy_River_Myanmar">Governance of Water and Fisheries Resources that Effects on Local Community, Singu Segment, Irrawaddy River, Myanmar</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Irrawaddy River is Myanmar’s largest and most commercially important water way. Over the years, declining water quality has affected fisheries resources in some areas especially due to the throwing of untreated household waste in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70842070" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Irrawaddy River is Myanmar’s largest and most commercially important water way. Over the years, declining water quality has affected fisheries resources in some areas especially due to the throwing of untreated household waste in the river. Water quality affects fisheries resources generally as well as the population of Irrawaddy dolphins, which number around 70 and are a main ecotourism attraction. There is a direct correlation between water quality, aquatic biodiversity, and the socioeconomic situation of local communities who depend on the river and its resources. This research uses physicochemical indicators to test water quality in the Irrawaddy River, comparing various indicators to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The main recorded fish species are Order Cypriniformes and Siluriformes groups, as well as Synbranchiformes and Perciformes groups. Furthermore, the socioeconomic situation of local communities in the vicinity of Singu, the main ecological habitat of Irrawaddy dolphins, was investigated by conducting interviews concerning the <br />socioeconomic livelihoods of fishing communities. Concerning the results of water quality testing, the criteria of water color is higher than WHO standards although the result is chemically potable, therefore, not damaging yet. Nevertheless, fisheries resources are gradually declining due to serious impacts as Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, including battery shock fishing, and throwing household waste into the river. These are the main reasons for the decrease in fish population, as confirmed by local fishermen and local communities. Therefore, it is essential to have effective governance with stakeholder mapping for the sake of local community. <br /> <br />Key words: water quality, fisheries resources, Irrawaddy dolphins, IUU fishing, stakeholder mapping</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70842070" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f12a993cf7c68d6631a8a8e091a5c4b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80420431,"asset_id":70842070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80420431/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43144532" href="https://mandalay.academia.edu/MieMieKyaw">Mie Mie Kyaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43144532" type="text/json">{"id":43144532,"first_name":"Mie Mie","last_name":"Kyaw","domain_name":"mandalay","page_name":"MieMieKyaw","display_name":"Mie Mie Kyaw","profile_url":"https://mandalay.academia.edu/MieMieKyaw?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43144532/41393959/51793378/s65_miemie.kyaw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70842070 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70842070"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70842070, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70842070", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70842070]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70842070").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70842070").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70842070"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6963" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_and_Ecosystem_Function">Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6963" type="text/json">{"id":6963,"name":"Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_and_Ecosystem_Function?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_natural_resources_conservation">Environment and natural resources conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8511" type="text/json">{"id":8511,"name":"Environment and natural resources conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_natural_resources_conservation?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resource_Management">Natural Resource Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8801" type="text/json">{"id":8801,"name":"Natural Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resource_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70842070]'), work: {"id":70842070,"title":"Governance of Water and Fisheries Resources that Effects on Local Community, Singu Segment, Irrawaddy River, Myanmar","created_at":"2022-02-07T04:57:15.559-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70842070/Governance_of_Water_and_Fisheries_Resources_that_Effects_on_Local_Community_Singu_Segment_Irrawaddy_River_Myanmar?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_70842070","summary":"The Irrawaddy River is Myanmar’s largest and most commercially important water way. Over the years, declining water quality has affected fisheries resources in some areas especially due to the throwing of untreated household waste in the river. Water quality affects fisheries resources generally as well as the population of Irrawaddy dolphins, which number around 70 and are a main ecotourism attraction. There is a direct correlation between water quality, aquatic biodiversity, and the socioeconomic situation of local communities who depend on the river and its resources. This research uses physicochemical indicators to test water quality in the Irrawaddy River, comparing various indicators to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The main recorded fish species are Order Cypriniformes and Siluriformes groups, as well as Synbranchiformes and Perciformes groups. Furthermore, the socioeconomic situation of local communities in the vicinity of Singu, the main ecological habitat of Irrawaddy dolphins, was investigated by conducting interviews concerning the\r\nsocioeconomic livelihoods of fishing communities. Concerning the results of water quality testing, the criteria of water color is higher than WHO standards although the result is chemically potable, therefore, not damaging yet. Nevertheless, fisheries resources are gradually declining due to serious impacts as Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, including battery shock fishing, and throwing household waste into the river. These are the main reasons for the decrease in fish population, as confirmed by local fishermen and local communities. Therefore, it is essential to have effective governance with stakeholder mapping for the sake of local community.\r\n\r\nKey words: water quality, fisheries resources, Irrawaddy dolphins, IUU fishing, stakeholder mapping","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80420431,"asset_id":70842070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43144532,"first_name":"Mie Mie","last_name":"Kyaw","domain_name":"mandalay","page_name":"MieMieKyaw","display_name":"Mie Mie Kyaw","profile_url":"https://mandalay.academia.edu/MieMieKyaw?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43144532/41393959/51793378/s65_miemie.kyaw.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6963,"name":"Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_and_Ecosystem_Function?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":8511,"name":"Environment and natural resources conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_natural_resources_conservation?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":8801,"name":"Natural Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resource_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=33825"},{"id":22435,"name":"Fish Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_Ecology?f_ri=33825"},{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=33825"},{"id":81234,"name":"Heavy Metal Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Metal_Pollution?f_ri=33825"},{"id":90143,"name":"International law and Transboundary Water Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_law_and_Transboundary_Water_Resources?f_ri=33825"},{"id":507705,"name":"Traditional Fisheries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Fisheries?f_ri=33825"},{"id":793519,"name":"Environmental and Social Impact Assessments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_and_Social_Impact_Assessments?f_ri=33825"},{"id":800271,"name":"Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact_Assessment_EIA_?f_ri=33825"},{"id":892228,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1366231,"name":"Applications Related to Riverine Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applications_Related_to_Riverine_Ecosystem?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1958655,"name":"Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development_Goals_SDGs_?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27919222 coauthored" data-work_id="27919222" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27919222/SWAT_Agricultural_water_and_nonpoint_source_pollution_management_at_a_watershed_scale">SWAT: Agricultural water and nonpoint source pollution management at a watershed scale</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27919222" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8be482560571d13bffcbd927e31c2809" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48213367,"asset_id":27919222,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48213367/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6744102" href="https://ufz.academia.edu/MartinVolk">Martin Volk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6744102" type="text/json">{"id":6744102,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Volk","domain_name":"ufz","page_name":"MartinVolk","display_name":"Martin Volk","profile_url":"https://ufz.academia.edu/MartinVolk?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6744102/3299896/33821739/s65_martin.volk.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27919222">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27919222"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://arsusda.academia.edu/DBosch">D. Bosch</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27919222'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27919222').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27919222 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27919222"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27919222, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27919222", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27919222 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27919222; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27919222"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27919222 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27919222"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27919222; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27919222]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27919222").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27919222").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27919222"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10225" type="text/json">{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="204985" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_watershed_management">Integrated watershed management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="204985" type="text/json">{"id":204985,"name":"Integrated watershed management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_watershed_management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="225949" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_and_Water_Assesment_Tool_SWAT_">Soil and Water Assesment Tool (SWAT)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="225949" type="text/json">{"id":225949,"name":"Soil and Water Assesment Tool (SWAT)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_and_Water_Assesment_Tool_SWAT_?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27919222]'), work: {"id":27919222,"title":"SWAT: Agricultural water and nonpoint source pollution management at a watershed scale","created_at":"2016-08-21T01:16:22.895-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27919222/SWAT_Agricultural_water_and_nonpoint_source_pollution_management_at_a_watershed_scale?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_27919222","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48213367,"asset_id":27919222,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6744102,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Volk","domain_name":"ufz","page_name":"MartinVolk","display_name":"Martin Volk","profile_url":"https://ufz.academia.edu/MartinVolk?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6744102/3299896/33821739/s65_martin.volk.jpg"},{"id":33709845,"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Bosch","domain_name":"arsusda","page_name":"DBosch","display_name":"D. Bosch","profile_url":"https://arsusda.academia.edu/DBosch?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33709845/13837952/14925402/s65_d..bosch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":204985,"name":"Integrated watershed management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_watershed_management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":225949,"name":"Soil and Water Assesment Tool (SWAT)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_and_Water_Assesment_Tool_SWAT_?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":686093,"name":"SWAT Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SWAT_Model?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10219538" data-work_id="10219538" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10219538/Greywater_and_poverty_alleviation_Case_study_from_Jordan">Greywater and poverty alleviation: Case study from Jordan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This paper aims to show evidence on the contribution of greywater reuse for socio-economic development.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10219538" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="81224b54d319cdad21d25cb849bdc057" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36315240,"asset_id":10219538,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36315240/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21439349" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OdehAlJayyousi">Odeh Al Jayyousi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21439349" type="text/json">{"id":21439349,"first_name":"Odeh","last_name":"Al Jayyousi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OdehAlJayyousi","display_name":"Odeh Al Jayyousi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OdehAlJayyousi?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21439349/5904475/6704584/s65_odeh.al_jayyousi.jpg_oh_ff31055d19c6872e8e3827ce5c0bce93_oe_54dff7bc___gda___1423994033_8f8b0185a082c0a4f810d17106998ab0"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10219538 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10219538"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10219538, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10219538", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10219538]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10219538").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10219538").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10219538"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3530" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture">Sustainable agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3530" type="text/json">{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6284" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment">Water and wastewater treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6284" type="text/json">{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10219538]'), work: {"id":10219538,"title":"Greywater and poverty alleviation: Case study from Jordan","created_at":"2015-01-18T12:44:41.794-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10219538/Greywater_and_poverty_alleviation_Case_study_from_Jordan?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_10219538","summary":"This paper aims to show evidence on the contribution of greywater reuse for socio-economic development. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36315240,"asset_id":10219538,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21439349,"first_name":"Odeh","last_name":"Al Jayyousi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OdehAlJayyousi","display_name":"Odeh Al Jayyousi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OdehAlJayyousi?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21439349/5904475/6704584/s65_odeh.al_jayyousi.jpg_oh_ff31055d19c6872e8e3827ce5c0bce93_oe_54dff7bc___gda___1423994033_8f8b0185a082c0a4f810d17106998ab0"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36121555" data-work_id="36121555" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36121555/A_Political_Economy_of_Water">A Political Economy of Water</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the chapter A Political Economy of Water, Swatuk demonstrates that, much like a mirror, water access, use and management reflects society back to itself. No ordinary economic good, water is essential to all aspects of human life. As... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36121555" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the chapter A Political Economy of Water, Swatuk demonstrates that, much like a mirror, water access, use and management reflects society back to itself. No ordinary economic good, water is essential to all aspects of human life. As such, the ability to harness the resource has led to the rise of states, empires and civilisation itself. The author focuses on selected aspects of human water use, in particular water for development, for cities and for agriculture. He highlights the various discourses at play in determining who gets what kind of water when as well as the centrality of economic and political power in determining the social flows of water. In conclusion, the author states that there is no 'magic bullet' to solving the world's water woes, partly due to the multiplicity of stakeholders and their differential interests and capacities. As a result, what we tend to see is that water flows toward money, and therefore for more socially equitable, economically efficient and ecologically sustainable outcomes to emerge, citizens must be organised and active in aiming to secure some water for all forever.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36121555" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c7c76ecd9bec80abff9f745c53234bde" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56014130,"asset_id":36121555,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56014130/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="122642" href="https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/LarrySwatuk">Larry Swatuk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="122642" type="text/json">{"id":122642,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Swatuk","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"LarrySwatuk","display_name":"Larry Swatuk","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/LarrySwatuk?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122642/32793/111654137/s65_larry.swatuk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36121555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36121555"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36121555, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36121555", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36121555]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36121555").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36121555").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36121555"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36121555]'), work: {"id":36121555,"title":"A Political Economy of Water","created_at":"2018-03-09T14:16:47.312-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36121555/A_Political_Economy_of_Water?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_36121555","summary":"In the chapter A Political Economy of Water, Swatuk demonstrates that, much like a mirror, water access, use and management reflects society back to itself. No ordinary economic good, water is essential to all aspects of human life. As such, the ability to harness the resource has led to the rise of states, empires and civilisation itself. The author focuses on selected aspects of human water use, in particular water for development, for cities and for agriculture. He highlights the various discourses at play in determining who gets what kind of water when as well as the centrality of economic and political power in determining the social flows of water. In conclusion, the author states that there is no 'magic bullet' to solving the world's water woes, partly due to the multiplicity of stakeholders and their differential interests and capacities. As a result, what we tend to see is that water flows toward money, and therefore for more socially equitable, economically efficient and ecologically sustainable outcomes to emerge, citizens must be organised and active in aiming to secure some water for all forever.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56014130,"asset_id":36121555,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":122642,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Swatuk","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"LarrySwatuk","display_name":"Larry Swatuk","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/LarrySwatuk?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122642/32793/111654137/s65_larry.swatuk.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":88361,"name":"Water governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_governance?f_ri=33825"},{"id":122972,"name":"Natural Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76574856" data-work_id="76574856" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76574856/La_gesti%C3%B3n_integrada_de_recursos_h%C3%ADdricos_en_la_pol%C3%ADtica_federal_del_agua_propuesta_para_la_nueva_Ley_General_de_Aguas_en_M%C3%A9xico">La gestión integrada de recursos hídricos en la política federal del agua: propuesta para la nueva Ley General de Aguas en México</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this study is to propose an outline for federal public policy in the context of the debate of the recently approved General Water Law in Mexico. It started from a statistical diagnosis and is analyzed the public policy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76574856" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this study is to propose an outline for federal public policy in the context of the debate of the recently approved General Water Law in Mexico. It started from a statistical diagnosis and is analyzed the public policy process from agenda setting to evaluation, including the problem definition, design and implementation. The lessons of the article are that the main challenges of the integrated water resources management in Mexico are located locally and it is necessary that the federal policy emphasizes the strengthening of the organizations at basin and municipal level. It is put-forth that the public corporate governance can be an alternative to the local institutional strengthening.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76574856" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c2dc84acb0e871fd49e2070eb487c04b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84241591,"asset_id":76574856,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84241591/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2604881" href="https://ucn.academia.edu/Cristi%C3%A1nDelpiano">Cristián Delpiano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2604881" type="text/json">{"id":2604881,"first_name":"Cristián","last_name":"Delpiano","domain_name":"ucn","page_name":"CristiánDelpiano","display_name":"Cristián Delpiano","profile_url":"https://ucn.academia.edu/Cristi%C3%A1nDelpiano?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2604881/821940/1021893/s65_cristi_n.delpiano.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76574856 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76574856"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76574856, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76574856", }); 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Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expert_Elicitation_Methods?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34568779" data-work_id="34568779" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34568779/Water_as_a_Service">Water as a Service</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Water services should be supplied locally by a wide range of providers in ways customers want. Integrated water resource management is essential, but what are the challenges for reformers to deliver it?</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34568779" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="83bcbfdf8e866a436dc52a8b2af2fb2d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54434306,"asset_id":34568779,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54434306/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68253839" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArscottD">David S Arscott</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68253839" type="text/json">{"id":68253839,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Arscott","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArscottD","display_name":"David S Arscott","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArscottD?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34568779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34568779"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34568779, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34568779", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34568779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34568779; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34568779"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34568779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34568779"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34568779; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34568779]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34568779").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34568779").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34568779"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34568779]'), work: {"id":34568779,"title":"Water as a Service","created_at":"2017-09-14T09:41:02.338-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34568779/Water_as_a_Service?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_34568779","summary":"Water services should be supplied locally by a wide range of providers in ways customers want. Integrated water resource management is essential, but what are the challenges for reformers to deliver it?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54434306,"asset_id":34568779,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68253839,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Arscott","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArscottD","display_name":"David S Arscott","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArscottD?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33838580" data-work_id="33838580" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33838580/Integrated_Water_related_Risks_Management_in_the_River_Nyong_Basin_Cameroon">Integrated Water-related Risks Management in the River Nyong Basin, Cameroon</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">River Nyong as many African water resources is highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change, manifested through increased drought and flood severity, more intense storms, shifts in the timing and distribution of rainfall, warmer... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33838580" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">River Nyong as many African water resources is highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change, manifested through increased drought and flood severity, more intense storms, shifts in the timing and distribution of rainfall, warmer temperatures, and secondary effects such as poor water quality and disease pressure affecting the local population. The water quality of this river is really affected by climate change, which is occurring as a rapid increase in population growth, fast-paced urbanization, land-use change, and degradation of critical environmental services that underpin food, fish farming and livelihood security in the river Nyong basin. Effectively managing risks to flooding in Cameroon will make the river systems more resilient in the face of climate change, and global environmental will change more broadly. This requires, strengthening the knowledge which is based on current, future vulnerabilities, impacts and appropriate responses across time and space. As a response to the mitigation of water-related risks, this paper emphasis on multidisciplinary approach that is issue-based and solution-focused, combined with actions that foster communication across research, policy and practice are essential to this effort, in the management of water related risk in the river Nyong in Cameroon. The paper explores ways and means to bring different knowledge systems, including indigenous knowledge systems, into the science-policy interface. After scrutinizing the stakeholder's perception and regarding the management of River Nyong basin, our findings lead to a new paradigm which consists of moving from multiple policies related to water management to integrated policy; from fragmentation management of river to integration; from single-risk assessments to multiple-risk assessment; from conflict to prioritization; from deterioration to restoration; from disaster (flood, drought) to mitigation and adaptation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33838580" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96a3f06b21f5b5c75d03d789553475b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53820726,"asset_id":33838580,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53820726/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5580134" href="https://univ-dschang.academia.edu/NorbertTchouaff%C3%A9">Norbert Tchouaffé</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5580134" type="text/json">{"id":5580134,"first_name":"Norbert","last_name":"Tchouaffé","domain_name":"univ-dschang","page_name":"NorbertTchouaffé","display_name":"Norbert Tchouaffé","profile_url":"https://univ-dschang.academia.edu/NorbertTchouaff%C3%A9?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5580134/7148817/59556741/s65_norbert.tchouaff_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33838580 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33838580"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33838580, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33838580", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33838580 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33838580; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33838580"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33838580 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33838580"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33838580; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33838580]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33838580").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33838580").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33838580"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33838580]'), work: {"id":33838580,"title":"Integrated Water-related Risks Management in the River Nyong Basin, Cameroon","created_at":"2017-07-10T14:02:39.684-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33838580/Integrated_Water_related_Risks_Management_in_the_River_Nyong_Basin_Cameroon?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_33838580","summary":"River Nyong as many African water resources is highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change, manifested through increased drought and flood severity, more intense storms, shifts in the timing and distribution of rainfall, warmer temperatures, and secondary effects such as poor water quality and disease pressure affecting the local population. The water quality of this river is really affected by climate change, which is occurring as a rapid increase in population growth, fast-paced urbanization, land-use change, and degradation of critical environmental services that underpin food, fish farming and livelihood security in the river Nyong basin. Effectively managing risks to flooding in Cameroon will make the river systems more resilient in the face of climate change, and global environmental will change more broadly. This requires, strengthening the knowledge which is based on current, future vulnerabilities, impacts and appropriate responses across time and space. As a response to the mitigation of water-related risks, this paper emphasis on multidisciplinary approach that is issue-based and solution-focused, combined with actions that foster communication across research, policy and practice are essential to this effort, in the management of water related risk in the river Nyong in Cameroon. The paper explores ways and means to bring different knowledge systems, including indigenous knowledge systems, into the science-policy interface. After scrutinizing the stakeholder's perception and regarding the management of River Nyong basin, our findings lead to a new paradigm which consists of moving from multiple policies related to water management to integrated policy; from fragmentation management of river to integration; from single-risk assessments to multiple-risk assessment; from conflict to prioritization; from deterioration to restoration; from disaster (flood, drought) to mitigation and adaptation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53820726,"asset_id":33838580,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5580134,"first_name":"Norbert","last_name":"Tchouaffé","domain_name":"univ-dschang","page_name":"NorbertTchouaffé","display_name":"Norbert Tchouaffé","profile_url":"https://univ-dschang.academia.edu/NorbertTchouaff%C3%A9?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5580134/7148817/59556741/s65_norbert.tchouaff_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_259260" data-work_id="259260" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/259260/Evaluation_of_social_perception_on_water_issues_in_Cameron_Highlands_Malaysia_by_Principle_Factor_Analysis">Evaluation of social perception on water issues in Cameron Highlands (Malaysia) by Principle Factor Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dealing with water resources issues requires understanding of the community perception. It is important to create a communicative partnership between community and government towards sustainable water resources management. Opinion survey... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_259260" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dealing with water resources issues requires understanding of the community perception. It is important to create a communicative partnership between community and government towards sustainable water resources management. Opinion survey is an essential step to gather the point of view from local community. However, it always generates a large and complex dataset that are difficult to be interpreted by decision maker. In order to overcome this difficulty, statistical methods are applied to develop an interpretability model for decision maker. This study demonstrated the application of Descriptive Analysis and Principle Factor Analysis (PFA) to reduce the complexity of opinion survey dataset by revealing underlying information. A total of 106 respondents were interviewed; consisting of 68 male and 38 female respondents respectively. This study first applied descriptive analysis to identify the basic score for each variable, and these variables are soil erosion (68.9%), degradation of water quality (65.1%), degradation of freshwater ecosystem (61.0%), water shortage (50%), agricultural solid waste problem (46.2%), water borne diseases (23.6%), illegal land clearing (21.7%), legal land clearing (15.1%),  uncontrolled river water abstraction in upstream (54.7%)), poor solid waste management (34.0%), low awareness of local community (61.3%), haphazard planning and development (74.5%) and administration mistake (37.0%). Based on the PFA result, a total of four rotated factors were extracted, representing different aspects of water related issues in Cameron Highlands. Factor 1, 2, 3 and 4 were summarised to four topics namely (i) water environment degradation caused by illegal solid waste disposal and low awareness of community, (ii) agricultural development leading to negative impacts on water resources such as water shortage and ecosystem deterioration, (iii) land clearing activity leading to serious land erosion (iv) human health problem due to e-coli bacterial pollution and land clearing activity in Cameron Highlands.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/259260" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c68c61a6e982aeb2041262dbca86eed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1082555,"asset_id":259260,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1082555/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="147074" href="https://segii.academia.edu/KokWengTan">Tan KW</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="147074" type="text/json">{"id":147074,"first_name":"Tan","last_name":"KW","domain_name":"segii","page_name":"KokWengTan","display_name":"Tan KW","profile_url":"https://segii.academia.edu/KokWengTan?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/147074/86363/94294/s65_kok_weng.tan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_259260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="259260"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 259260, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_259260", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_259260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 259260; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_259260"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_259260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="259260"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 259260; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=259260]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_259260").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_259260").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="259260"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Engagement_and_Participation">Community Engagement & Participation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3470" type="text/json">{"id":3470,"name":"Community Engagement \u0026 Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Engagement_and_Participation?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=259260]'), work: {"id":259260,"title":"Evaluation of social perception on water issues in Cameron Highlands (Malaysia) by Principle Factor Analysis","created_at":"2010-07-08T21:24:50.194-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/259260/Evaluation_of_social_perception_on_water_issues_in_Cameron_Highlands_Malaysia_by_Principle_Factor_Analysis?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_259260","summary":"Dealing with water resources issues requires understanding of the community perception. It is important to create a communicative partnership between community and government towards sustainable water resources management. Opinion survey is an essential step to gather the point of view from local community. However, it always generates a large and complex dataset that are difficult to be interpreted by decision maker. In order to overcome this difficulty, statistical methods are applied to develop an interpretability model for decision maker. This study demonstrated the application of Descriptive Analysis and Principle Factor Analysis (PFA) to reduce the complexity of opinion survey dataset by revealing underlying information. A total of 106 respondents were interviewed; consisting of 68 male and 38 female respondents respectively. This study first applied descriptive analysis to identify the basic score for each variable, and these variables are soil erosion (68.9%), degradation of water quality (65.1%), degradation of freshwater ecosystem (61.0%), water shortage (50%), agricultural solid waste problem (46.2%), water borne diseases (23.6%), illegal land clearing (21.7%), legal land clearing (15.1%), uncontrolled river water abstraction in upstream (54.7%)), poor solid waste management (34.0%), low awareness of local community (61.3%), haphazard planning and development (74.5%) and administration mistake (37.0%). Based on the PFA result, a total of four rotated factors were extracted, representing different aspects of water related issues in Cameron Highlands. Factor 1, 2, 3 and 4 were summarised to four topics namely (i) water environment degradation caused by illegal solid waste disposal and low awareness of community, (ii) agricultural development leading to negative impacts on water resources such as water shortage and ecosystem deterioration, (iii) land clearing activity leading to serious land erosion (iv) human health problem due to e-coli bacterial pollution and land clearing activity in Cameron Highlands. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1082555,"asset_id":259260,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":147074,"first_name":"Tan","last_name":"KW","domain_name":"segii","page_name":"KokWengTan","display_name":"Tan KW","profile_url":"https://segii.academia.edu/KokWengTan?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/147074/86363/94294/s65_kok_weng.tan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3470,"name":"Community Engagement \u0026 Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Engagement_and_Participation?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40316426" data-work_id="40316426" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40316426/Water_pollution_as_a_global_crisis_and_a_case_in_Turkey">Water pollution as a global crisis & a case in Turkey</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Water is a necessary material in order to sustain every period of human life such as nutrition, circulation, breathing, and reproduction. More than two-thirds of the earth's surface is covered by water, but only a very small portion of it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40316426" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Water is a necessary material in order to sustain every period of human life such as nutrition, circulation, breathing, and reproduction. More than two-thirds of the earth's surface is covered by water, but only a very small portion of it is suitable for drinking, food preparation or irrigation. Serious problems arise from the very uneven regional distribution of water resources, from the increased use, in particular by the growing world population and rising living standards, as well as from increasing water pollution. Increasing water pollution contributes to the reduction of available water supply. Water pollution is due to the fact that household and industrial wastewater flows untreated into groundwater, rivers, and lakes. Excessive use of groundwater, through which more and more saltwater penetrates into the groundwater supplies, also threatens the drinking water supplies. At present, more than a billion people have no access to clean and affordable drinking water. The United Nations estimates that approximately 70 percent of all illnesses are due to polluted water consumption. The lack of access to safe drinking water is the cause of one-third of all deaths - including 1000 children a day - in developing countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40316426" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39d1cb77f04849fdd64e4a6db903dbc4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60558323,"asset_id":40316426,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60558323/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="99184425" href="https://marmara.academia.edu/erdemsahin">Erdem Şahin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="99184425" type="text/json">{"id":99184425,"first_name":"Erdem","last_name":"Şahin","domain_name":"marmara","page_name":"erdemsahin","display_name":"Erdem Şahin","profile_url":"https://marmara.academia.edu/erdemsahin?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99184425/21622470/36637736/s65_erdem._ahin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40316426 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40316426"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40316426, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40316426", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40316426 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40316426; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40316426"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40316426 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40316426"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40316426; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40316426]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40316426").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40316426").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40316426"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6284" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment">Water and wastewater treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6284" type="text/json">{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40316426]'), work: {"id":40316426,"title":"Water pollution as a global crisis \u0026 a case in Turkey","created_at":"2019-09-11T04:30:09.944-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40316426/Water_pollution_as_a_global_crisis_and_a_case_in_Turkey?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_40316426","summary":"Water is a necessary material in order to sustain every period of human life such as nutrition, circulation, breathing, and reproduction. More than two-thirds of the earth's surface is covered by water, but only a very small portion of it is suitable for drinking, food preparation or irrigation. Serious problems arise from the very uneven regional distribution of water resources, from the increased use, in particular by the growing world population and rising living standards, as well as from increasing water pollution. Increasing water pollution contributes to the reduction of available water supply. Water pollution is due to the fact that household and industrial wastewater flows untreated into groundwater, rivers, and lakes. Excessive use of groundwater, through which more and more saltwater penetrates into the groundwater supplies, also threatens the drinking water supplies. At present, more than a billion people have no access to clean and affordable drinking water. The United Nations estimates that approximately 70 percent of all illnesses are due to polluted water consumption. The lack of access to safe drinking water is the cause of one-third of all deaths - including 1000 children a day - in developing countries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60558323,"asset_id":40316426,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":99184425,"first_name":"Erdem","last_name":"Şahin","domain_name":"marmara","page_name":"erdemsahin","display_name":"Erdem Şahin","profile_url":"https://marmara.academia.edu/erdemsahin?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99184425/21622470/36637736/s65_erdem._ahin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":146561,"name":"Water quality, wastewater reuse, integrated water resources management, water resources pollution, emerging pollutants in water, soil and groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality_wastewater_reuse_integrated_water_resources_management_water_resources_pollution_e?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36658081" data-work_id="36658081" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36658081/EL_AGUA_EL_INGRESO_Y_LA_POBREZA_WATER_INCOME_AND_POVERTY">EL AGUA, EL INGRESO Y LA POBREZA WATER, INCOME AND POVERTY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Resumen El acceso al agua potable no sólo depende de la condición geográfica o de desarrollo del lugar donde se habite, sino que también depende también del nivel de ingresos. La pobreza afecta negativamente el acceso al agua potable, se... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36658081" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumen El acceso al agua potable no sólo depende de la condición geográfica o de desarrollo del lugar donde se habite, sino que también depende también del nivel de ingresos. La pobreza afecta negativamente el acceso al agua potable, se habite en una ciudad o en una zona rural. Así lo han reconocido las Naciones Unidas en la definición del Derecho Humano al Agua, de aquí la importancia de conocer los ingresos por decíles y confrontarlos con las tarifas de agua, para establecer los cri-teriosque permitana los estratos más pobres tener acceso al agua potable.La política económica actualdel país y los bajos ingresos que percibe la mayoría de la población hacen que para muchos cada día sea más difícil tener acceso al agua potable. Es importante conocer los ingresos de los diferentes decíles de la población y compararlos con las tarifas de agua para establecer una política pública basada en la justicia social, que permita establecer un pago asequible por el agua de acuerdo a los ingresos de la población, privilegiando a los que menos tienen, bajo el marco establecido por la Oficina del Alto Comisionado para los Derechos Humanos de la ONU. Para tal efecto se hizo uso de los datos estadísticos 142 del H. Congreso del Estado de Puebla (Municipal 2014) y del Plan Municipal de Desarrollo del Municipio de Puebla. La investigación mostró que el cobro del agua no es homogéneo en todos los decíles, así en los decíles I, VI, VII, VIII y IX la tarifa del agua está siempre por encima del límite recomendado por la ONU, situación agravante para el decil I, que es el de menores ingresos (2,572.00 $/mes-hogar). Para alcanzar el criterio de asequibilidad del derecho humano al agua, así como por justicia social, es necesario establecer subsidios cruzados, aumentar el costo de los servicios de agua a los decíles IX y X que son los de mayores ingresos para subsidiar a los decíles I, II, III, y IV, además de replantear la tarifa del servicio de agua a los decíles V y VII. Palabras clave: ingreso, tarifa de agua, pobreza. Abstract Access to drinking water depends not only on the geographic or developmental condition of the place where it is inhabited, but also on the level of income. Poverty negatively affects access to drinking water, whether it lives in a city or in a rural area. This has been recognized by the United Nations in the definition of the Human Right to Water; hence the importance of knowing the incomes of different social classes and comparing them with water tariffs, in order to establish the rules that allow the poorest population to have access to drinking water. The country's current economic policy and the low incomes of the majority of the population make it, for many, increasingly difficult to access drinking water. It is important to know the income of different population deciles and compare them with water tariffs to establish a public policy based on social justice, which allows establishing an affordable payment for water according to the income of the population, privileging Those who have the least, under the framework established by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. For that purpose, statistical data was used by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics and the National Council for Evaluation of Social Development Policy, Opinion 142 of the H. Congress of the State of Puebla (Municipal 2014) and the Municipal Plan Of Development of the Municipality of Puebla. The research showed that the water tariff is not homogeneous in all the deciles, as in I, VI, VII, VIII and IX the water tariff is always above the limit recommended by the UN, an aggravating situation for decile I, Which is the lowest income decile ($ 2,572.00 / month home). To achieve the criterion of affordability of the human right to water, as well as social justice, it is necessary to make cross subsidies, increase the cost of water services to the IX and X deciles that are the highest income to subsidize the I , II, III, and IV, in addition to restating the tariff of the water service to V and VII.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36658081" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="051ef4feb94a8927ab53b89b5146bb51" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56591475,"asset_id":36658081,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56591475/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59730284" href="https://penagos.academia.edu/PolioptroMart%C3%ADnezAustria">Polioptro Martínez Austria</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59730284" type="text/json">{"id":59730284,"first_name":"Polioptro","last_name":"Martínez Austria","domain_name":"penagos","page_name":"PolioptroMartínezAustria","display_name":"Polioptro Martínez Austria","profile_url":"https://penagos.academia.edu/PolioptroMart%C3%ADnezAustria?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59730284/16955815/19310938/s65_polioptro.mart_nez_austria.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36658081 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36658081"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36658081, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36658081", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36658081]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36658081").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36658081").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36658081"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="142735" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Right_to_Water">Human Right to Water</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="142735" type="text/json">{"id":142735,"name":"Human Right to Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Right_to_Water?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36658081]'), work: {"id":36658081,"title":"EL AGUA, EL INGRESO Y LA POBREZA WATER, INCOME AND POVERTY","created_at":"2018-05-17T10:36:18.353-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36658081/EL_AGUA_EL_INGRESO_Y_LA_POBREZA_WATER_INCOME_AND_POVERTY?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_36658081","summary":"Resumen El acceso al agua potable no sólo depende de la condición geográfica o de desarrollo del lugar donde se habite, sino que también depende también del nivel de ingresos. La pobreza afecta negativamente el acceso al agua potable, se habite en una ciudad o en una zona rural. Así lo han reconocido las Naciones Unidas en la definición del Derecho Humano al Agua, de aquí la importancia de conocer los ingresos por decíles y confrontarlos con las tarifas de agua, para establecer los cri-teriosque permitana los estratos más pobres tener acceso al agua potable.La política económica actualdel país y los bajos ingresos que percibe la mayoría de la población hacen que para muchos cada día sea más difícil tener acceso al agua potable. Es importante conocer los ingresos de los diferentes decíles de la población y compararlos con las tarifas de agua para establecer una política pública basada en la justicia social, que permita establecer un pago asequible por el agua de acuerdo a los ingresos de la población, privilegiando a los que menos tienen, bajo el marco establecido por la Oficina del Alto Comisionado para los Derechos Humanos de la ONU. Para tal efecto se hizo uso de los datos estadísticos 142 del H. Congreso del Estado de Puebla (Municipal 2014) y del Plan Municipal de Desarrollo del Municipio de Puebla. La investigación mostró que el cobro del agua no es homogéneo en todos los decíles, así en los decíles I, VI, VII, VIII y IX la tarifa del agua está siempre por encima del límite recomendado por la ONU, situación agravante para el decil I, que es el de menores ingresos (2,572.00 $/mes-hogar). Para alcanzar el criterio de asequibilidad del derecho humano al agua, así como por justicia social, es necesario establecer subsidios cruzados, aumentar el costo de los servicios de agua a los decíles IX y X que son los de mayores ingresos para subsidiar a los decíles I, II, III, y IV, además de replantear la tarifa del servicio de agua a los decíles V y VII. Palabras clave: ingreso, tarifa de agua, pobreza. Abstract Access to drinking water depends not only on the geographic or developmental condition of the place where it is inhabited, but also on the level of income. Poverty negatively affects access to drinking water, whether it lives in a city or in a rural area. This has been recognized by the United Nations in the definition of the Human Right to Water; hence the importance of knowing the incomes of different social classes and comparing them with water tariffs, in order to establish the rules that allow the poorest population to have access to drinking water. The country's current economic policy and the low incomes of the majority of the population make it, for many, increasingly difficult to access drinking water. It is important to know the income of different population deciles and compare them with water tariffs to establish a public policy based on social justice, which allows establishing an affordable payment for water according to the income of the population, privileging Those who have the least, under the framework established by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. For that purpose, statistical data was used by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics and the National Council for Evaluation of Social Development Policy, Opinion 142 of the H. Congress of the State of Puebla (Municipal 2014) and the Municipal Plan Of Development of the Municipality of Puebla. The research showed that the water tariff is not homogeneous in all the deciles, as in I, VI, VII, VIII and IX the water tariff is always above the limit recommended by the UN, an aggravating situation for decile I, Which is the lowest income decile ($ 2,572.00 / month home). To achieve the criterion of affordability of the human right to water, as well as social justice, it is necessary to make cross subsidies, increase the cost of water services to the IX and X deciles that are the highest income to subsidize the I , II, III, and IV, in addition to restating the tariff of the water service to V and VII.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56591475,"asset_id":36658081,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59730284,"first_name":"Polioptro","last_name":"Martínez Austria","domain_name":"penagos","page_name":"PolioptroMartínezAustria","display_name":"Polioptro Martínez Austria","profile_url":"https://penagos.academia.edu/PolioptroMart%C3%ADnezAustria?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59730284/16955815/19310938/s65_polioptro.mart_nez_austria.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":142735,"name":"Human Right to Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Right_to_Water?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60851564" data-work_id="60851564" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60851564/A_strategy_for_Integrated_Water_Resources_Management_in_Sri_Lanka">A strategy for Integrated Water Resources Management in Sri Lanka</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sri Lankans, have displayed rare skills in managing water and natural resources during ancient hydraulic civilization and that was collapsed in the 12 th century. Rehabilitation work carried out by the foreign invaders, mainly focused on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60851564" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sri Lankans, have displayed rare skills in managing water and natural resources during ancient hydraulic civilization and that was collapsed in the 12 th century. Rehabilitation work carried out by the foreign invaders, mainly focused on the development of water courses to improve the trade and commerce in the country and for the renovation of a few major and minor irrigation works. With the rehabilitation work carried out by Sri Lankan governments various political, ethnical, cultural and religious conflicts arose. It has been proved that role playing by the present political and administrative structures are facing difficulties in addressing these issues. In order to address the equitable and efficient allocation of land and water resources, the concept of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) evolved as a global need. Objective of this paper is to identify an appropriate political and administrative background for successful implementation of Integrated Water Resource Management concept in Sri Lanka.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60851564" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aea2d17ae66e04b725d61aa301947bc6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74115949,"asset_id":60851564,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74115949/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3108361" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChandimaGunasena">Chandima Gunasena</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3108361" type="text/json">{"id":3108361,"first_name":"Chandima","last_name":"Gunasena","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChandimaGunasena","display_name":"Chandima Gunasena","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChandimaGunasena?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3108361/1021360/78186552/s65_chandima.gunasena.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60851564 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60851564"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60851564, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60851564", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60851564]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60851564").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60851564").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60851564"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78444" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administrative_Reform">Administrative Reform</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78444" type="text/json">{"id":78444,"name":"Administrative Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administrative_Reform?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="147115" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated / sustainable Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="147115" type="text/json">{"id":147115,"name":"Integrated / sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60851564]'), work: {"id":60851564,"title":"A strategy for Integrated Water Resources Management in Sri Lanka","created_at":"2021-11-03T00:24:02.203-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60851564/A_strategy_for_Integrated_Water_Resources_Management_in_Sri_Lanka?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_60851564","summary":"Sri Lankans, have displayed rare skills in managing water and natural resources during ancient hydraulic civilization and that was collapsed in the 12 th century. Rehabilitation work carried out by the foreign invaders, mainly focused on the development of water courses to improve the trade and commerce in the country and for the renovation of a few major and minor irrigation works. With the rehabilitation work carried out by Sri Lankan governments various political, ethnical, cultural and religious conflicts arose. It has been proved that role playing by the present political and administrative structures are facing difficulties in addressing these issues. In order to address the equitable and efficient allocation of land and water resources, the concept of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) evolved as a global need. Objective of this paper is to identify an appropriate political and administrative background for successful implementation of Integrated Water Resource Management concept in Sri Lanka.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74115949,"asset_id":60851564,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3108361,"first_name":"Chandima","last_name":"Gunasena","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChandimaGunasena","display_name":"Chandima Gunasena","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChandimaGunasena?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3108361/1021360/78186552/s65_chandima.gunasena.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":78444,"name":"Administrative Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administrative_Reform?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":147115,"name":"Integrated / sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1492433" data-work_id="1492433" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1492433/Influence_of_stormwater_infiltration_on_the_treatment_capacity_of_a_LECA_based_horizontal_subsurface_flow_constructed_wetland">Influence of stormwater infiltration on the treatment capacity of a LECA-based horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This research work evaluates the impact of stormwater infiltration on the removal of organics, solids, nitrogen and phosphorus in a LECA-based horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. Stormwater runoff for the period between... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1492433" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This research work evaluates the impact of stormwater infiltration on the removal of organics, solids, nitrogen and phosphorus in a LECA-based horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. Stormwater runoff for the period between January 2008 and June 2010 (30 months) was estimated for the drainage basin of the Vila Fernando wastewater treatment plant (constructed wetland system) and it was observed proportionality between the increase in surface runoff and the infiltration flow rate that reached the plant. The average stormwater infiltration rate that reached the plant was 67.4 m(3) d(-1) (77% of the influent flow rate into the plant). The 30 month monitoring campaign set up at one of the reed beds showed that stormwater infiltration led to a high variation of the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) throughout the bed, which affected its performance in the removal of organic matter, suspended solids and nitrogen. For a HLR below 20 cm d-1 the removal efficiencies for BOD5, COD and TSS doubled. The removal of nitrogen was too low and was associated with the weak development of nitrifying biofilm and the poor growth of reeds. However, it was observed a good relationship between the applied and removed loads for most of the parameters, which seems to indicate that the organic, solid, nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates influenced the respective removal rates. The use of a bed material with high specific surface area, such as LECA, can only improve the treatment capacity of horizontal subsurface flow systems if the organic and solid loading rates, as well as the HLR, can be effectively controlled.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1492433" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22750f0871a27ed8cd06ad655a8a36df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":11691229,"asset_id":1492433,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11691229/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="808373" href="https://ubi.academia.edu/AntonioAlbuquerque">Antonio Albuquerque</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="808373" type="text/json">{"id":808373,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Albuquerque","domain_name":"ubi","page_name":"AntonioAlbuquerque","display_name":"Antonio Albuquerque","profile_url":"https://ubi.academia.edu/AntonioAlbuquerque?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/808373/278177/19913077/s65_antonio.albuquerque.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1492433 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1492433"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1492433, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1492433", }); 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Stormwater runoff for the period between January 2008 and June 2010 (30 months) was estimated for the drainage basin of the Vila Fernando wastewater treatment plant (constructed wetland system) and it was observed proportionality between the increase in surface runoff and the infiltration flow rate that reached the plant. The average stormwater infiltration rate that reached the plant was 67.4 m(3) d(-1) (77% of the influent flow rate into the plant). The 30 month monitoring campaign set up at one of the reed beds showed that stormwater infiltration led to a high variation of the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) throughout the bed, which affected its performance in the removal of organic matter, suspended solids and nitrogen. For a HLR below 20 cm d-1 the removal efficiencies for BOD5, COD and TSS doubled. The removal of nitrogen was too low and was associated with the weak development of nitrifying biofilm and the poor growth of reeds. However, it was observed a good relationship between the applied and removed loads for most of the parameters, which seems to indicate that the organic, solid, nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates influenced the respective removal rates. The use of a bed material with high specific surface area, such as LECA, can only improve the treatment capacity of horizontal subsurface flow systems if the organic and solid loading rates, as well as the HLR, can be effectively controlled.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11691229,"asset_id":1492433,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":808373,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Albuquerque","domain_name":"ubi","page_name":"AntonioAlbuquerque","display_name":"Antonio Albuquerque","profile_url":"https://ubi.academia.edu/AntonioAlbuquerque?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/808373/278177/19913077/s65_antonio.albuquerque.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical 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Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Aspects_of_Sustainability?f_ri=33825"},{"id":957423,"name":"Decontamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decontamination?f_ri=33825"},{"id":957526,"name":"Gestión Integrada Del Agua","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gesti%C3%B3n_Integrada_Del_Agua?f_ri=33825"},{"id":959135,"name":"Water Self Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Self_Purification?f_ri=33825"},{"id":959137,"name":"Improving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Improving?f_ri=33825"},{"id":970065,"name":"Trace Contaminants of Water Resiurces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trace_Contaminants_of_Water_Resiurces?f_ri=33825"},{"id":972416,"name":"Energy and Process Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Process_Engineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":973205,"name":"Native Vines for Living Walls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_Vines_for_Living_Walls?f_ri=33825"},{"id":973216,"name":"Bio Swales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bio_Swales?f_ri=33825"},{"id":973217,"name":"Restoration of Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Restoration_of_Invasive_Species?f_ri=33825"},{"id":973220,"name":"Rain Gardens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rain_Gardens?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1009312,"name":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1036176,"name":"Geo Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geo_Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1134964,"name":"Chemical Enggineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Enggineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1137273,"name":"Environmental Science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science_and_Engineering-1?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1230523,"name":"Biological Systems Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Systems_Engineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1256562,"name":"Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engenharia_Sanitaria_e_Ambiental?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35132682" data-work_id="35132682" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35132682/Scenario_Analysis_of_Water_Supply_and_Demand_Using_WEAP_Model_A_Case_of_Yala_Catchment_Kenya">Scenario Analysis of Water Supply and Demand Using WEAP Model: A Case of Yala Catchment, Kenya</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The counties traversed by Yala River Catchment in Kenya have been constrained by acute shortages of water resources because of the declining stream flows, which is occasioned by environmental changes, increasing population and changing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35132682" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The counties traversed by Yala River Catchment in Kenya have been constrained by acute shortages of water resources because of the declining stream flows, which is occasioned by environmental changes, increasing population and changing land uses. This study applied Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model to evaluate past trends and simulate current demand scenarios for the purposes of planning by authorities in regard to future use. The study used historical data (1970-2015) to assess water supply and demand in the catchment for the period 2016 to 2045 by simulation. Calibration and validation were each performed on 10-year streamflow datasets (1991-2000 and 2001-2010 respectively), drawn from 4 gauging stations. Simulations were then conducted for the scenarios namely: Reference (at 2.8% growth rate), High Growth (3.2%), High Growth (3.5%), and Moderated Growth (2.2%). The categories of water demand evaluated in WEAP included: Domestic-Institutional-Municipal, Agriculture, and Industry uses. In a 5-year time-step, WEAP demonstrated resultant increase in water demand for year 2020 by 7.46% from 2016 at Reference Scenario. WEAP further simulated a gradual increase in water demand during subsequent years. This trend would continue for the rest of the scenarios but with variations occasioned by adjustment of variables in WEAP such as population growth rates, monthly variations, annual activity levels, water use rates, water losses and reuse rates, industrial production units, agricultural acreages, and varied demand sites. In conclusion, there were demonstrated substantial increases in water demands within individual scenarios between 2016 to 2045, but these increases were significantly different scenario-by-scenario. The study recommends that supply and demand measures be employed with the aim of regulating activity levels, losses and consumptions so as to meet demands in case any of the studied scenarios would be applicable.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35132682" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3c7fc010b9af538ede28329ae8c4bd0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54993863,"asset_id":35132682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54993863/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14237990" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JaredOkungu">Jared Okungu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14237990" type="text/json">{"id":14237990,"first_name":"Jared","last_name":"Okungu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JaredOkungu","display_name":"Jared Okungu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JaredOkungu?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14237990/10071762/11236198/s65_jared.okungu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35132682 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35132682"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35132682, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35132682", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35132682]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35132682").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35132682").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35132682"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6284" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment">Water and wastewater treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6284" type="text/json">{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21340" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_engineering">Water Resources engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21340" type="text/json">{"id":21340,"name":"Water Resources engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35132682]'), work: {"id":35132682,"title":"Scenario Analysis of Water Supply and Demand Using WEAP Model: A Case of Yala Catchment, Kenya","created_at":"2017-11-13T04:49:41.033-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35132682/Scenario_Analysis_of_Water_Supply_and_Demand_Using_WEAP_Model_A_Case_of_Yala_Catchment_Kenya?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_35132682","summary":"The counties traversed by Yala River Catchment in Kenya have been constrained by acute shortages of water resources because of the declining stream flows, which is occasioned by environmental changes, increasing population and changing land uses. This study applied Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model to evaluate past trends and simulate current demand scenarios for the purposes of planning by authorities in regard to future use. The study used historical data (1970-2015) to assess water supply and demand in the catchment for the period 2016 to 2045 by simulation. Calibration and validation were each performed on 10-year streamflow datasets (1991-2000 and 2001-2010 respectively), drawn from 4 gauging stations. Simulations were then conducted for the scenarios namely: Reference (at 2.8% growth rate), High Growth (3.2%), High Growth (3.5%), and Moderated Growth (2.2%). The categories of water demand evaluated in WEAP included: Domestic-Institutional-Municipal, Agriculture, and Industry uses. In a 5-year time-step, WEAP demonstrated resultant increase in water demand for year 2020 by 7.46% from 2016 at Reference Scenario. WEAP further simulated a gradual increase in water demand during subsequent years. This trend would continue for the rest of the scenarios but with variations occasioned by adjustment of variables in WEAP such as population growth rates, monthly variations, annual activity levels, water use rates, water losses and reuse rates, industrial production units, agricultural acreages, and varied demand sites. In conclusion, there were demonstrated substantial increases in water demands within individual scenarios between 2016 to 2045, but these increases were significantly different scenario-by-scenario. The study recommends that supply and demand measures be employed with the aim of regulating activity levels, losses and consumptions so as to meet demands in case any of the studied scenarios would be applicable.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54993863,"asset_id":35132682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14237990,"first_name":"Jared","last_name":"Okungu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JaredOkungu","display_name":"Jared Okungu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JaredOkungu?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14237990/10071762/11236198/s65_jared.okungu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":21340,"name":"Water Resources engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36239010 coauthored" data-work_id="36239010" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36239010/Water_Management_in_Urban_Watersheds">Water Management in Urban Watersheds</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Iran is one of arid and semi-arid regions of the world and has experimented many challenges in the sustainability of water resources. With the development of urbanization and the natural and artificial changes in land use, environments... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36239010" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Iran is one of arid and semi-arid regions of the world and has experimented many challenges in the sustainability of water resources. With the development of urbanization and the natural and artificial changes in land use, environments called urban watersheds have been created with different hydrological and hydrologic behaviors that design and manage the sustainable management and utilization of water resources in urban areas to rebuild the degradation of nature through urban development. None of the cities in Iran has been studied as a complete network with consideration of all water resources, and no optimization has been done on the allocation of urban water resources. Achieving sustainable development in urban watersheds, requires the development of integrated management models, some of these problems can be solved with using optimum runoff of precipitation in there. The purpose of this research is to investigate how water management in the urban environment and the impact of urban development on the water dynamics and the role of the city's spatial scale and density and their management in urban hydrology. Due to the lack of attention to the engineered water cycle in Iran, in measuring the total city water cycle waste, determining the penetration rate in permeable and impervious urban areas should be among the priorities. It is also important to quantifying the impact of urban areas on climate dynamics in predicting rainfall on a time scale, and should consider the impacts of these events on flood infrastructures, flood risk, and water quality. Keywords: Water Management, Urban Development, Urban Watershed, Sustainable Development</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36239010" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1f7a42919349535d635a8d895b00e1f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56143171,"asset_id":36239010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56143171/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24006386" href="https://aud.academia.edu/KavehOstadAliAskari">Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24006386" type="text/json">{"id":24006386,"first_name":"Kaveh","last_name":"Ostad-Ali-Askari","domain_name":"aud","page_name":"KavehOstadAliAskari","display_name":"Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari","profile_url":"https://aud.academia.edu/KavehOstadAliAskari?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36239010">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36239010"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://tamu.academia.edu/VijayPSingh">Vijay P. Singh</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36239010'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36239010').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36239010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36239010"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36239010, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36239010", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36239010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36239010; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36239010"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36239010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36239010"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36239010; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36239010]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36239010").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36239010").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36239010"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23897" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Application_of_GIS_and_RS_for_Integrated_Watershed_Management">Application of GIS and RS for Integrated Watershed Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23897" type="text/json">{"id":23897,"name":"Application of GIS and RS for Integrated Watershed Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Application_of_GIS_and_RS_for_Integrated_Watershed_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24093" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management">Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24093" type="text/json">{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36239010]'), work: {"id":36239010,"title":"Water Management in Urban Watersheds","created_at":"2018-03-23T10:59:37.039-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36239010/Water_Management_in_Urban_Watersheds?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_36239010","summary":"Iran is one of arid and semi-arid regions of the world and has experimented many challenges in the sustainability of water resources. With the development of urbanization and the natural and artificial changes in land use, environments called urban watersheds have been created with different hydrological and hydrologic behaviors that design and manage the sustainable management and utilization of water resources in urban areas to rebuild the degradation of nature through urban development. None of the cities in Iran has been studied as a complete network with consideration of all water resources, and no optimization has been done on the allocation of urban water resources. Achieving sustainable development in urban watersheds, requires the development of integrated management models, some of these problems can be solved with using optimum runoff of precipitation in there. The purpose of this research is to investigate how water management in the urban environment and the impact of urban development on the water dynamics and the role of the city's spatial scale and density and their management in urban hydrology. Due to the lack of attention to the engineered water cycle in Iran, in measuring the total city water cycle waste, determining the penetration rate in permeable and impervious urban areas should be among the priorities. It is also important to quantifying the impact of urban areas on climate dynamics in predicting rainfall on a time scale, and should consider the impacts of these events on flood infrastructures, flood risk, and water quality. Keywords: Water Management, Urban Development, Urban Watershed, Sustainable Development ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56143171,"asset_id":36239010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24006386,"first_name":"Kaveh","last_name":"Ostad-Ali-Askari","domain_name":"aud","page_name":"KavehOstadAliAskari","display_name":"Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari","profile_url":"https://aud.academia.edu/KavehOstadAliAskari?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":119063,"first_name":"Vijay","last_name":"P. Singh","domain_name":"tamu","page_name":"VijayPSingh","display_name":"Vijay P. Singh","profile_url":"https://tamu.academia.edu/VijayPSingh?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":23897,"name":"Application of GIS and RS for Integrated Watershed Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Application_of_GIS_and_RS_for_Integrated_Watershed_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":34760,"name":"Irrigation water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation_water_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":45401,"name":"Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":73027,"name":"Watershed Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Watershed_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":500387,"name":"Water governance and management in Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_governance_and_management_in_Central_Asia?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1011554" data-work_id="1011554" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1011554/Application_of_GIS_based_multi_criteria_analysis_for_site_selection_of_aquifer_recharge_with_reclaimed_water">Application of GIS-based multi-criteria analysis for site selection of aquifer recharge with reclaimed water</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Reclaimed water from small wastewater treatment facilities in the rural areas of the Beira Interior region (Portugal) may constitute an alternative water source for aquifer recharge. A 21-month monitoring period in a constructed wetland... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1011554" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Reclaimed water from small wastewater treatment facilities in the rural areas of the Beira Interior region (Portugal) may constitute an alternative water source for aquifer recharge. A 21-month monitoring period in a constructed wetland treatment system has shown that 21,500 m3 year−1 of treated wastewater <br />(reclaimed water) could be used for aquifer recharge. A GIS-based multi-criteria analysis was performed, combining ten thematic maps and economic, environmental and technical criteria, in order to produce a suitability map for the location of sites for reclaimed water infiltration. The areas chosen for aquifer <br />recharge with infiltration basins are mainly composed of anthrosol with more than 1 m deep and fine sand texture, which allows an average infiltration velocity of up to 1 m d−1. These characteristics will provide a final polishing treatment of the reclaimed water after infiltration (soil aquifer treatment (SAT)), <br />suitable for the removal of the residual load (trace organics, nutrients, heavy metals and pathogens). <br />The risk of groundwater contamination is low since the water table in the anthrosol areas ranges from 10 m to 50 m. On the other hand, these depths allow a guaranteed unsaturated area suitable for SAT. An area of 13,944 ha was selected for study, but only 1607 ha are suitable for reclaimed water infiltration. <br />Approximately 1280 m2 were considered enough to set up 4 infiltration basins to work in flooding and <br />drying cycles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1011554" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f6f78b41c95ea23ab8e4fad170be94ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32496224,"asset_id":1011554,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32496224/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="808373" href="https://ubi.academia.edu/AntonioAlbuquerque">Antonio Albuquerque</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="808373" type="text/json">{"id":808373,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Albuquerque","domain_name":"ubi","page_name":"AntonioAlbuquerque","display_name":"Antonio Albuquerque","profile_url":"https://ubi.academia.edu/AntonioAlbuquerque?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/808373/278177/19913077/s65_antonio.albuquerque.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1011554 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1011554"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1011554, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1011554", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1011554]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1011554").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1011554").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1011554"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">120</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1011554]'), work: {"id":1011554,"title":"Application of GIS-based multi-criteria analysis for site selection of aquifer recharge with reclaimed water","created_at":"2011-10-14T09:13:52.863-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1011554/Application_of_GIS_based_multi_criteria_analysis_for_site_selection_of_aquifer_recharge_with_reclaimed_water?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_1011554","summary":"Reclaimed water from small wastewater treatment facilities in the rural areas of the Beira Interior region (Portugal) may constitute an alternative water source for aquifer recharge. A 21-month monitoring period in a constructed wetland treatment system has shown that 21,500 m3 year−1 of treated wastewater\r\n(reclaimed water) could be used for aquifer recharge. A GIS-based multi-criteria analysis was performed, combining ten thematic maps and economic, environmental and technical criteria, in order to produce a suitability map for the location of sites for reclaimed water infiltration. The areas chosen for aquifer\r\nrecharge with infiltration basins are mainly composed of anthrosol with more than 1 m deep and fine sand texture, which allows an average infiltration velocity of up to 1 m d−1. These characteristics will provide a final polishing treatment of the reclaimed water after infiltration (soil aquifer treatment (SAT)),\r\nsuitable for the removal of the residual load (trace organics, nutrients, heavy metals and pathogens).\r\nThe risk of groundwater contamination is low since the water table in the anthrosol areas ranges from 10 m to 50 m. On the other hand, these depths allow a guaranteed unsaturated area suitable for SAT. An area of 13,944 ha was selected for study, but only 1607 ha are suitable for reclaimed water infiltration.\r\nApproximately 1280 m2 were considered enough to set up 4 infiltration basins to work in flooding and\r\ndrying cycles.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32496224,"asset_id":1011554,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":808373,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Albuquerque","domain_name":"ubi","page_name":"AntonioAlbuquerque","display_name":"Antonio Albuquerque","profile_url":"https://ubi.academia.edu/AntonioAlbuquerque?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/808373/278177/19913077/s65_antonio.albuquerque.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":153,"name":"Landscape Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Ecology?f_ri=33825"},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=33825"},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=33825"},{"id":411,"name":"Hydrogeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogeology?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1420,"name":"Aquatic Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Ecology?f_ri=33825"},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=33825"},{"id":2461,"name":"Wetlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetlands?f_ri=33825"},{"id":2549,"name":"Hydrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology?f_ri=33825"},{"id":2550,"name":"Hydraulics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulics?f_ri=33825"},{"id":3183,"name":"Landscape Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Architecture?f_ri=33825"},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=33825"},{"id":3964,"name":"Biochemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemical_Engineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=33825"},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825"},{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=33825"},{"id":5413,"name":"Bioenergy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioenergy?f_ri=33825"},{"id":5645,"name":"Recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycling?f_ri=33825"},{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=33825"},{"id":6333,"name":"Bioremediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation?f_ri=33825"},{"id":6515,"name":"Water Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification?f_ri=33825"},{"id":6597,"name":"Water Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Engineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":6969,"name":"Aquatic 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href="https://www.academia.edu/12931024/Turkeys_Draft_Water_Law_and_Water_Framework_Directive_Implementation_An_Analysis">Turkey's Draft Water Law and Water Framework Directive Implementation: An Analysis </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">After some lengthy processes of preparation and consultation, a new framework water law has now been declared as “ready” for Parliamentary procedures. Since Turkey aspires for European Union membership, harmonization with Water Framework... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12931024" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">After some lengthy processes of preparation and consultation, a new framework water law has now been declared as “ready” for Parliamentary procedures. Since Turkey aspires for European Union membership, harmonization with Water Framework Directive (WFD) is one of the key priorities within environmental negotiations. From the outset, the newly proposed water law has been drafted with an eye on WFD requirements. It also targets to eliminate the so-called “patchwork” of water-related legislation in Turkey through adoption of a single yet comprehensive law. This paper analyzes the recent draft Turkish water law in light of WFD rules and principles. It has been observed that the proposed water law appears to be largely in line with these rules. However, there is room for improvement as well. For instance, although the proposed law mentions the full-cost-recovery principle, which is one of indispensable elements of WFD, there is a degree of ambiguity in the law on whether environmental and resource costs would be calculated and recovered in full. 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Since Turkey aspires for European Union membership, harmonization with Water Framework Directive (WFD) is one of the key priorities within environmental negotiations. From the outset, the newly proposed water law has been drafted with an eye on WFD requirements. It also targets to eliminate the so-called “patchwork” of water-related legislation in Turkey through adoption of a single yet comprehensive law. This paper analyzes the recent draft Turkish water law in light of WFD rules and principles. It has been observed that the proposed water law appears to be largely in line with these rules. However, there is room for improvement as well. For instance, although the proposed law mentions the full-cost-recovery principle, which is one of indispensable elements of WFD, there is a degree of ambiguity in the law on whether environmental and resource costs would be calculated and recovered in full. It is anticipated that a number of by-laws would provide full-fledged frameworks of operationalization on issues that are not sufficiently articulated in the law itself.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37885432,"asset_id":12931024,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247126,"first_name":"Vakur","last_name":"Sümer","domain_name":"selcuk","page_name":"VakurSümer","display_name":"Vakur Sümer","profile_url":"https://selcuk.academia.edu/VakurS%C3%BCmer?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/247126/2732052/12179720/s65_vakur.s_mer.jpg"},{"id":4042705,"first_name":"Aysegul","last_name":"Onat Kibaroglu","domain_name":"mef-tr","page_name":"AysegulOnatKibaroglu","display_name":"Aysegul Onat Kibaroglu","profile_url":"https://mef-tr.academia.edu/AysegulOnatKibaroglu?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":10966,"name":"Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey?f_ri=33825"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":19675,"name":"Modern Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Turkey?f_ri=33825"},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":157600,"name":"Water Framework Directive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Framework_Directive?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28096357" data-work_id="28096357" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28096357/Drought_Pollution_and_Johors_Growing_Water_Needs">Drought, Pollution and Johor's Growing Water Needs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Singapore has depended on water imports from neighbouring catchments in Johor, Malaysia since its founding. Despite long-standing cooperation, economic, environmental, and political forces are destabilizing cross-strait water flows. Johor... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28096357" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Singapore has depended on water imports from neighbouring catchments in Johor, Malaysia since its founding. Despite long-standing cooperation, economic, environmental, and political forces are destabilizing cross-strait water flows. Johor has historically been water-abundant, but increased water consumption from economic development and population growth in combination with water stresses from drought and pollution have reduced its dry season water catchments. Johor has taken recent far-reaching measures including requesting additional water supply from Singapore, rationing supply to residential and commercial users, and requesting RM660 million in federal support for construction of a new dam at Sungai Ulu Sedili, and there appears to be bilateral support for continuing the Singapore-Malaysia water trade. However, water stress in Johor risks undermining the bedrock of the relationship, and creates the need for redoubled regulatory diligence and clear-minded diplomacy by authorities in Johor, Singapore, and Kuala Lumpur.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28096357" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="efdc630b4334c8613268a6c70c442c06" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48411174,"asset_id":28096357,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48411174/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="316801" href="https://duke.academia.edu/JacksonEwing">Jackson Ewing</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="316801" type="text/json">{"id":316801,"first_name":"Jackson","last_name":"Ewing","domain_name":"duke","page_name":"JacksonEwing","display_name":"Jackson Ewing","profile_url":"https://duke.academia.edu/JacksonEwing?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/316801/142693/11023968/s65_j._jackson.ewing.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28096357 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28096357"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28096357, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28096357", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28096357 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28096357; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28096357"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28096357 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28096357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28096357; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28096357]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28096357").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28096357").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28096357"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="380" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies">Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="380" type="text/json">{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031" type="text/json">{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28096357]'), work: {"id":28096357,"title":"Drought, Pollution and Johor's Growing Water Needs","created_at":"2016-08-29T08:16:41.179-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28096357/Drought_Pollution_and_Johors_Growing_Water_Needs?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_28096357","summary":"Singapore has depended on water imports from neighbouring catchments in Johor, Malaysia since its founding. Despite long-standing cooperation, economic, environmental, and political forces are destabilizing cross-strait water flows. Johor has historically been water-abundant, but increased water consumption from economic development and population growth in combination with water stresses from drought and pollution have reduced its dry season water catchments. Johor has taken recent far-reaching measures including requesting additional water supply from Singapore, rationing supply to residential and commercial users, and requesting RM660 million in federal support for construction of a new dam at Sungai Ulu Sedili, and there appears to be bilateral support for continuing the Singapore-Malaysia water trade. However, water stress in Johor risks undermining the bedrock of the relationship, and creates the need for redoubled regulatory diligence and clear-minded diplomacy by authorities in Johor, Singapore, and Kuala Lumpur.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48411174,"asset_id":28096357,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":316801,"first_name":"Jackson","last_name":"Ewing","domain_name":"duke","page_name":"JacksonEwing","display_name":"Jackson Ewing","profile_url":"https://duke.academia.edu/JacksonEwing?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/316801/142693/11023968/s65_j._jackson.ewing.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=33825"},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=33825"},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825"},{"id":6597,"name":"Water Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Engineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=33825"},{"id":6818,"name":"Malaysia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysia?f_ri=33825"},{"id":8787,"name":"Singapore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Singapore?f_ri=33825"},{"id":9379,"name":"Asia Pacific Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia_Pacific_Region?f_ri=33825"},{"id":9707,"name":"Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy?f_ri=33825"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":21340,"name":"Water Resources engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_engineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=33825"},{"id":25845,"name":"Southeast Asian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Politics?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":43965,"name":"Malaysian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysian_Studies?f_ri=33825"},{"id":47768,"name":"Malaysian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysian_Politics?f_ri=33825"},{"id":49379,"name":"Water Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Policy?f_ri=33825"},{"id":51731,"name":"Water Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Security?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36442211 coauthored" data-work_id="36442211" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36442211/Sustainable_Development_of_Kazakhstan_Water_Supply_Strategy_until_2050_In_Russian_">Sustainable Development of Kazakhstan Water Supply Strategy until 2050 (In Russian)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article presents the results of the research work "Water security of the Republic of Kazakhstan - sustainable water supply strategy", for the period 2015-2017 years under the subprogram "Strategy of sustainable water supply of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36442211" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article presents the results of the research work "Water security of the Republic of Kazakhstan -<br />sustainable water supply strategy", for the period 2015-2017 years under the subprogram "Strategy of sustainable<br />water supply of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period until 2050 year". Based on the general life safety theory,<br />developed the concept of water security, which formulates a vision of water deficit problem solution in Kazakhstan<br />and differs from the water security interpretation adopted in the world practice as characteristics of interstate water<br />relations. Developed simulation model for the analysis and forecasting of water supply scenarios for naturaleconomic<br />systems, with the identification of water deficits and excess at the required development stages as the basis<br />of balancing measures. An innovative strategy for the development of the national water management complex was<br />developed, for substantiating the fundamental long-term solutions in response to the complex and water resources use in<br />the "General Scheme " that are not considered in the climate and transboundary water threats of the Republic of Kazakhstan.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36442211" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bef5bd7af2afb538bdc2ad926ab3a0e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":107244259,"asset_id":36442211,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107244259/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36657849" href="https://ingeo.academia.edu/MaximLeman">Max Leman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36657849" type="text/json">{"id":36657849,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Leman","domain_name":"ingeo","page_name":"MaximLeman","display_name":"Max Leman","profile_url":"https://ingeo.academia.edu/MaximLeman?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36657849/10501582/66541615/s65_maxim.leman.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36442211">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36442211"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2">Евгений Пузиков</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36442211'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36442211').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36442211 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36442211"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36442211; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36442211]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36442211").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36442211").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36442211"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="284" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology_Hydrography">Hydrology/Hydrography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="284" type="text/json">{"id":284,"name":"Hydrology/Hydrography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology_Hydrography?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36442211]'), work: {"id":36442211,"title":"Sustainable Development of Kazakhstan Water Supply Strategy until 2050 (In Russian)","created_at":"2018-04-19T02:21:38.988-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36442211/Sustainable_Development_of_Kazakhstan_Water_Supply_Strategy_until_2050_In_Russian_?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_36442211","summary":"The article presents the results of the research work \"Water security of the Republic of Kazakhstan -\nsustainable water supply strategy\", for the period 2015-2017 years under the subprogram \"Strategy of sustainable\nwater supply of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period until 2050 year\". Based on the general life safety theory,\ndeveloped the concept of water security, which formulates a vision of water deficit problem solution in Kazakhstan\nand differs from the water security interpretation adopted in the world practice as characteristics of interstate water\nrelations. Developed simulation model for the analysis and forecasting of water supply scenarios for naturaleconomic\nsystems, with the identification of water deficits and excess at the required development stages as the basis\nof balancing measures. An innovative strategy for the development of the national water management complex was\ndeveloped, for substantiating the fundamental long-term solutions in response to the complex and water resources use in\nthe \"General Scheme \" that are not considered in the climate and transboundary water threats of the Republic of Kazakhstan.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":107244259,"asset_id":36442211,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36657849,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Leman","domain_name":"ingeo","page_name":"MaximLeman","display_name":"Max Leman","profile_url":"https://ingeo.academia.edu/MaximLeman?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36657849/10501582/66541615/s65_maxim.leman.jpeg"},{"id":31441891,"first_name":"Евгений","last_name":"Пузиков","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ЕвгенийПузиков","display_name":"Евгений Пузиков","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":284,"name":"Hydrology/Hydrography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology_Hydrography?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":74986,"name":"River Basin Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Basin_Management?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10763364" data-work_id="10763364" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10763364/Water_Resources_Protection_Efforts_in_Jordan_and_their_Contribution_to_a_Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Water Resources Protection Efforts in Jordan and their Contribution to a Sustainable Water Resources Management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Jordan is facing a water crisis since several years. The available amounts are exploited to a large extent (surface water) or even overexploited (groundwater). With a rapidly growing population, these will not be enough to meet the future... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10763364" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Jordan is facing a water crisis since several years. The available amounts are exploited to a large extent (surface water) or even overexploited (groundwater). With a rapidly growing population, these will not be enough to meet the future demand. A number of large projects are currently underway to overcome the consistent water shortage problems. However, some facts are often neglected when demand projections and management plans are drafted: the effects of deteriorating water quality and the possible effects of climate change. The rapid agricultural and industrial development has brought about a considerable risk of pollution for the scarce water resources and in many areas the quality of water resources has deteriorated considerably. Only recently Jordan has adopted stricter water and environmental policies and regulations to counter these pollution risks. Since a number of years, technical cooperation projects between the Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) and the Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) are introducing measures which counter these pollution risks, encompassing groundwater vulnerability maps, the delineation of groundwater and surface water protection zones as well as the establishment of a legal basis for implementation of related landuse restrictions, giving support to the landuse licensing committee and the mining license committee and improving the national groundwater quality monitoring network. The aim of these measures is to achieve a sustainable management of the available water resources under present conditions. The current climatic change scenarios suggest a considerable decrease of rainfall during winter and much hotter summer temperatures in Jordan. This could lead to a decrease in groundwater recharge of up to 30 % and higher evaporation from surface water resources (dams), so that water resources availability may be reduced to values as low as 550 Mm3/a. Since the effects of such climate change are predicted to happen relatively fast, the Government of Jordan must urgently think about strategies to counter such possible decreased water resources availability in the near future. Under such conditions it may be unrealistic talking about sustain able management. Nonetheless should the Government presently try to achieve sustainability by the proposed measures. This will also help reducing costs when additional water sources are needed due to possible climate change effects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10763364" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b9707852126558de95c530024a9f635b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36624132,"asset_id":10763364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36624132/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26216133" href="https://go4biodiv.academia.edu/ArminMargane">Armin Margane</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26216133" type="text/json">{"id":26216133,"first_name":"Armin","last_name":"Margane","domain_name":"go4biodiv","page_name":"ArminMargane","display_name":"Armin Margane","profile_url":"https://go4biodiv.academia.edu/ArminMargane?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26216133/7406927/8325936/s65_armin.margane.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10763364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10763364"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10763364, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10763364", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10763364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10763364").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10763364").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10763364"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10763364]'), work: {"id":10763364,"title":"Water Resources Protection Efforts in Jordan and their Contribution to a Sustainable Water Resources Management","created_at":"2015-02-13T05:23:08.647-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10763364/Water_Resources_Protection_Efforts_in_Jordan_and_their_Contribution_to_a_Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_10763364","summary":"Jordan is facing a water crisis since several years. The available amounts are exploited to a large extent (surface water) or even overexploited (groundwater). With a rapidly growing population, these will not be enough to meet the future demand. A number of large projects are currently underway to overcome the consistent water shortage problems. However, some facts are often neglected when demand projections and management plans are drafted: the effects of deteriorating water quality and the possible effects of climate change. The rapid agricultural and industrial development has brought about a considerable risk of pollution for the scarce water resources and in many areas the quality of water resources has deteriorated considerably. Only recently Jordan has adopted stricter water and environmental policies and regulations to counter these pollution risks. Since a number of years, technical cooperation projects between the Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) and the Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) are introducing measures which counter these pollution risks, encompassing groundwater vulnerability maps, the delineation of groundwater and surface water protection zones as well as the establishment of a legal basis for implementation of related landuse restrictions, giving support to the landuse licensing committee and the mining license committee and improving the national groundwater quality monitoring network. The aim of these measures is to achieve a sustainable management of the available water resources under present conditions. The current climatic change scenarios suggest a considerable decrease of rainfall during winter and much hotter summer temperatures in Jordan. This could lead to a decrease in groundwater recharge of up to 30 % and higher evaporation from surface water resources (dams), so that water resources availability may be reduced to values as low as 550 Mm3/a. Since the effects of such climate change are predicted to happen relatively fast, the Government of Jordan must urgently think about strategies to counter such possible decreased water resources availability in the near future. Under such conditions it may be unrealistic talking about sustain able management. Nonetheless should the Government presently try to achieve sustainability by the proposed measures. This will also help reducing costs when additional water sources are needed due to possible climate change effects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36624132,"asset_id":10763364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26216133,"first_name":"Armin","last_name":"Margane","domain_name":"go4biodiv","page_name":"ArminMargane","display_name":"Armin Margane","profile_url":"https://go4biodiv.academia.edu/ArminMargane?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26216133/7406927/8325936/s65_armin.margane.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35225213" data-work_id="35225213" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35225213/Argentina_Plan_Nacional_de_Agua_Potable_y_Saneamiento">Argentina: Plan Nacional de Agua Potable y Saneamiento</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El sector de agua y saneamiento de Argentina presenta un déficit significativo en las coberturas de los servicios y requiere mejoras en la calidad y eficiencia en la prestación de los servicios. Con el objeto de plantear una estrategia... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35225213" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El sector de agua y saneamiento de Argentina presenta un déficit significativo en las coberturas de los servicios y requiere mejoras en la calidad y eficiencia en la prestación de los servicios. Con el objeto de plantear una estrategia para superar estos retrasos, en febrero de 2016 la Subsecretaría de Recursos Hídricos de la Nación publicó el Plan<br />Nacional de Agua Potable y Saneamiento (PNAPyS) que constituye uno de los cuatro ejes del Plan Nacional del Agua.<br /><br />El PNAPyS constituye la piedra angular para el desarrollo del sector: allí se proponen las bases para el desarrollo del sector con el objetivo de alcanzar niveles de cobertura del 100% en agua potable y del 75% en cloaca en las áreas urbanas del país. La expansión y mejora de los servicios implica el reconocimiento de la igualdad de oportunidades para toda la población del país y resulta un aspecto fundamental para la reducción la pobreza.<br /><br />Los objetivos de este artículo son describir el estado de situación del sector a nivel nacional al momento de elaboración del PNAPyS, identificar los principales desafíos y exponer las acciones emprendidas por la Subsecretaría de Recursos Hídricos durante estos dos primeros años de gestión para el cumplimiento de las metas. En este sentido,<br />cabe destacar la creación de la Dirección Nacional de Agua Potable y Saneamiento (DNAPyS) para abordar la problemática del sector de manera integral.<br /><br />Palabras claves: Plan Nacional de Agua Potable y Saneamiento, Argentina, cobertura, avances de gestión.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35225213" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e4f7303820458341a18ebdd56e73c10" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55084834,"asset_id":35225213,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55084834/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18316007" href="https://uba.academia.edu/PabloBereciartua">Pablo Bereciartua</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18316007" type="text/json">{"id":18316007,"first_name":"Pablo","last_name":"Bereciartua","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"PabloBereciartua","display_name":"Pablo Bereciartua","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/PabloBereciartua?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18316007/8677541/9692891/s65_pablo.bereciartua.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35225213 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35225213"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35225213, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35225213", }); 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Con el objeto de plantear una estrategia para superar estos retrasos, en febrero de 2016 la Subsecretaría de Recursos Hídricos de la Nación publicó el Plan\nNacional de Agua Potable y Saneamiento (PNAPyS) que constituye uno de los cuatro ejes del Plan Nacional del Agua.\n\nEl PNAPyS constituye la piedra angular para el desarrollo del sector: allí se proponen las bases para el desarrollo del sector con el objetivo de alcanzar niveles de cobertura del 100% en agua potable y del 75% en cloaca en las áreas urbanas del país. La expansión y mejora de los servicios implica el reconocimiento de la igualdad de oportunidades para toda la población del país y resulta un aspecto fundamental para la reducción la pobreza.\n\nLos objetivos de este artículo son describir el estado de situación del sector a nivel nacional al momento de elaboración del PNAPyS, identificar los principales desafíos y exponer las acciones emprendidas por la Subsecretaría de Recursos Hídricos durante estos dos primeros años de gestión para el cumplimiento de las metas. En este sentido,\ncabe destacar la creación de la Dirección Nacional de Agua Potable y Saneamiento (DNAPyS) para abordar la problemática del sector de manera integral.\n\nPalabras claves: Plan Nacional de Agua Potable y Saneamiento, Argentina, cobertura, avances de gestión. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55084834,"asset_id":35225213,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18316007,"first_name":"Pablo","last_name":"Bereciartua","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"PabloBereciartua","display_name":"Pablo Bereciartua","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/PabloBereciartua?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18316007/8677541/9692891/s65_pablo.bereciartua.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":50195,"name":"Public policies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_policies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":65713,"name":"Políticas Públicas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pol%C3%ADticas_P%C3%BAblicas?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":273941,"name":"Sustanability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustanability?f_ri=33825"},{"id":453647,"name":"Water Supply and Sanitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Supply_and_Sanitation?f_ri=33825"},{"id":702467,"name":"Agua y saneamiento","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agua_y_saneamiento?f_ri=33825"},{"id":957526,"name":"Gestión Integrada Del Agua","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gesti%C3%B3n_Integrada_Del_Agua?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32440241" data-work_id="32440241" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32440241/Megaprojects_and_Risk_An_Anatomy_of_Ambition">Megaprojects and Risk. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/29779801/Criteri_di_contabilizzazione_dei_ricavi_nelle_societ%C3%A0_idriche">Criteri di contabilizzazione dei ricavi nelle società idriche</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A partire dall'esito referendario del 2011 e con la successiva attribuzione dei poteri di regolazione e controllo all'AEEGSI, il sistema idrico in Italia ha intrapreso un percorso di profonda evoluzione. Evoluzione che non ha solo... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29779801" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A partire dall'esito referendario del 2011 e con la successiva attribuzione dei poteri di regolazione e controllo all'AEEGSI, il sistema idrico in Italia ha intrapreso un percorso di profonda evoluzione. Evoluzione che non ha solo riguardato aspetti tariffari/finanziari, ma ha anche coinvolto profondamente la sfera contabile: le società operanti nel settore infatti sono così chiamate a riflettere su quesiti attinenti la corretta modalità di registrazione dei ricavi, oppure la corretta modalità di trattamento contabile di poste tariffarie innovative. L'obiettivo dell'articolo è quello di esaminare le diverse problematiche di natura contabile associate alla regolazione tariffaria in essere, al fine di offrire uno strumento utile sia alla società idrica che al lettore del suo bilancio.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29779801" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf57710786c9f83c80fca456114c3aab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50232539,"asset_id":29779801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50232539/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32534732" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmanueleSanguineti">Emanuele Sanguineti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32534732" type="text/json">{"id":32534732,"first_name":"Emanuele","last_name":"Sanguineti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmanueleSanguineti","display_name":"Emanuele Sanguineti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmanueleSanguineti?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29779801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29779801"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29779801, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29779801", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29779801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29779801; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29779801"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29779801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29779801"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29779801; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29779801]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29779801").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29779801").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29779801"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Affairs">Regulatory Affairs</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="48620" type="text/json">{"id":48620,"name":"Regulatory Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Affairs?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29779801]'), work: {"id":29779801,"title":"Criteri di contabilizzazione dei ricavi nelle società idriche","created_at":"2016-11-10T06:45:21.357-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29779801/Criteri_di_contabilizzazione_dei_ricavi_nelle_societ%C3%A0_idriche?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_29779801","summary":"A partire dall'esito referendario del 2011 e con la successiva attribuzione dei poteri di regolazione e controllo all'AEEGSI, il sistema idrico in Italia ha intrapreso un percorso di profonda evoluzione. Evoluzione che non ha solo riguardato aspetti tariffari/finanziari, ma ha anche coinvolto profondamente la sfera contabile: le società operanti nel settore infatti sono così chiamate a riflettere su quesiti attinenti la corretta modalità di registrazione dei ricavi, oppure la corretta modalità di trattamento contabile di poste tariffarie innovative. L'obiettivo dell'articolo è quello di esaminare le diverse problematiche di natura contabile associate alla regolazione tariffaria in essere, al fine di offrire uno strumento utile sia alla società idrica che al lettore del suo bilancio.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50232539,"asset_id":29779801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32534732,"first_name":"Emanuele","last_name":"Sanguineti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmanueleSanguineti","display_name":"Emanuele Sanguineti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmanueleSanguineti?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":48620,"name":"Regulatory Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulatory_Affairs?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12653708" data-work_id="12653708" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12653708/Irans_Looming_Water_Crisis">Iran's Looming Water Crisis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Iran, once the pioneer of sustainable water management in the arid region of the world, is now experiencing a serious water crisis, reflected by its drying lakes and rivers, declining groundwater resources and deteriorating water quality.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12653708" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Iran, once the pioneer of sustainable water management in the arid region of the world, is now experiencing a serious water crisis, reflected by its drying lakes and rivers, declining groundwater resources and deteriorating water quality. Water supply rationing and disruptions are becoming more frequent, agricultural losses are increasing and ecosystem damages are expanding. While decision-makers prefer to blame the current crisis on droughts, climate change and international sanctions, the dramatic water issues of Iran are rooted in decades of shortsighted and disintegrated planning. The public, experts and media continuously warn about the major water crisis symptoms without seriously discussing the causes. But, what are the main drivers of Iran's water crisis? Crisis driver 1: population growth and spatial distribution Iran has experienced a significant population growth in the last century. Its population almost doubled within the last two decades of the 20th century, right after the 1979 Revolution, which promoted different socioeconomic , cultural and ideological changes in Iran. In addition to a sudden population growth, rapid urbanisation and inappropriate spatial population distribution are challenging Iranian water managers. Th e urban population is currently about 70 per cent, compared to 44 per cent in the 1970s. Eight Iranian cities have a population of greater than one million while the population in metropolitan Tehran has surpassed 14 million (18 per cent of the country's population). Despite the consequences of population growth policies, the government of Iran is now showing a strong interest in boosting the current population growth rate of 1.3 per cent. This interest is rooted in concerns about the projections of age distribution in the future. What is clear though is that Iran definitely lacks the required water resources and infrastructure to satisfy increased water demand. Without strong spatial population distribution adjustments and water consumption reduction measures, population growth can have catastrophic effects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12653708" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2eaaa6935ebdc2f43e4fd0fcc9c49573" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37762975,"asset_id":12653708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37762975/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="182227" href="https://unu.academia.edu/KavehMadani">Kaveh Madani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="182227" type="text/json">{"id":182227,"first_name":"Kaveh","last_name":"Madani","domain_name":"unu","page_name":"KavehMadani","display_name":"Kaveh Madani","profile_url":"https://unu.academia.edu/KavehMadani?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/182227/689607/3223514/s65_kaveh.madani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12653708 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12653708"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12653708, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12653708", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12653708 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12653708; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12653708"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12653708 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12653708"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12653708; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12653708]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12653708").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12653708").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12653708"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies">Iranian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5218" type="text/json">{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12653708]'), work: {"id":12653708,"title":"Iran's Looming Water Crisis","created_at":"2015-05-28T10:20:31.359-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12653708/Irans_Looming_Water_Crisis?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_12653708","summary":"Iran, once the pioneer of sustainable water management in the arid region of the world, is now experiencing a serious water crisis, reflected by its drying lakes and rivers, declining groundwater resources and deteriorating water quality. Water supply rationing and disruptions are becoming more frequent, agricultural losses are increasing and ecosystem damages are expanding. While decision-makers prefer to blame the current crisis on droughts, climate change and international sanctions, the dramatic water issues of Iran are rooted in decades of shortsighted and disintegrated planning. The public, experts and media continuously warn about the major water crisis symptoms without seriously discussing the causes. But, what are the main drivers of Iran's water crisis? Crisis driver 1: population growth and spatial distribution Iran has experienced a significant population growth in the last century. Its population almost doubled within the last two decades of the 20th century, right after the 1979 Revolution, which promoted different socioeconomic , cultural and ideological changes in Iran. In addition to a sudden population growth, rapid urbanisation and inappropriate spatial population distribution are challenging Iranian water managers. Th e urban population is currently about 70 per cent, compared to 44 per cent in the 1970s. Eight Iranian cities have a population of greater than one million while the population in metropolitan Tehran has surpassed 14 million (18 per cent of the country's population). Despite the consequences of population growth policies, the government of Iran is now showing a strong interest in boosting the current population growth rate of 1.3 per cent. This interest is rooted in concerns about the projections of age distribution in the future. What is clear though is that Iran definitely lacks the required water resources and infrastructure to satisfy increased water demand. Without strong spatial population distribution adjustments and water consumption reduction measures, population growth can have catastrophic effects. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37762975,"asset_id":12653708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":182227,"first_name":"Kaveh","last_name":"Madani","domain_name":"unu","page_name":"KavehMadani","display_name":"Kaveh Madani","profile_url":"https://unu.academia.edu/KavehMadani?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/182227/689607/3223514/s65_kaveh.madani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":8980,"name":"Drought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought?f_ri=33825"},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=33825"},{"id":18751,"name":"Water Resources (Engineering)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Engineering_?f_ri=33825"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=33825"},{"id":20160,"name":"Agricultural Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Water_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":24213,"name":"Water Resources (Environment)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Environment_?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":41274,"name":"Iran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran?f_ri=33825"},{"id":43520,"name":"Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East?f_ri=33825"},{"id":45401,"name":"Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":73027,"name":"Watershed Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Watershed_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":209976,"name":"Hydrology and water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology_and_water_resources?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1631226,"name":"Sustainable Water Reources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Reources_Management?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10772408" data-work_id="10772408" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10772408/WATER_MANAGEMENT_STRATEGY_OF_THE_FEDERATION_OF_BOSNIA_AND_HERZEGOVINA">WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The current state of affairs in the field of water management of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) have exceptionally specific qualities making it different from national water management systems in the neighbouring countries, i.e. the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10772408" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The current state of affairs in the field of water management of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) have exceptionally specific qualities making it different from national water management systems in the neighbouring countries, i.e. the countries of South-Eastern Europe. These specific qualities arise, primarily, from the constitutional character of Bosnia and Herzegovina, consisted of the entities – the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and Republika Srpska (RS), as well as Brcko District. <br />In accordance with the Constitution of BiH and the Constitutions of the FBiH and RS, and pursuant to the Brcko District Arbitration Award, the competences regarding water management (i.e. the competences for regulating development of water resources, protection of waters, use of waters and protection against detrimental effects of waters) rest with the entities and Brcko District. The analysis of the BiH constitutional and legal frameworks indicates that, differently from other peace agreements that were concluded at different times, the Dayton – Paris Peace Agreements do not contain specific and clear provisions that would be associated with the BiH national water resources, i.e. the principles that should be the guidance for the constitutive elements of the BiH state, including the entities and Brcko District, in their management of the shared water resources (the resources intersected by entity or district border line). Therefore, the BiH authorities have no competences for regulating these inter-entity relations. In addition, there is no reliable institutional and procedural system for resolving any possible controversies and disputes regarding management of the shared water resources. <br />This Strategy deals with all aspects of the management of water resources in the FBiH, including the issues connected to transpositions of the EU water acquis into the legal system of FBiH. Besides, the document is a worthwile source of information and data regarding georgraphy and hydrography of the territoty it pertains to.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10772408" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="705f65e4ef9290bca5d6713a032bbbc4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36627662,"asset_id":10772408,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36627662/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24232839" href="https://privrednaakademija.academia.edu/SlavkoBogdanovic">Slavko Bogdanovic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24232839" type="text/json">{"id":24232839,"first_name":"Slavko","last_name":"Bogdanovic","domain_name":"privrednaakademija","page_name":"SlavkoBogdanovic","display_name":"Slavko Bogdanovic","profile_url":"https://privrednaakademija.academia.edu/SlavkoBogdanovic?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24232839/6541825/7396539/s65_slavko.bogdanovic.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10772408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10772408"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10772408, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10772408", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10772408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10772408; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10772408"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10772408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10772408"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10772408; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10772408]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10772408").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10772408").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10772408"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88289" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Law">Water Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88289" type="text/json">{"id":88289,"name":"Water Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Law?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="957030" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Water_Law">National Water Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="957030" type="text/json">{"id":957030,"name":"National Water Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Water_Law?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10772408]'), work: {"id":10772408,"title":"WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA","created_at":"2015-02-13T11:01:29.698-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10772408/WATER_MANAGEMENT_STRATEGY_OF_THE_FEDERATION_OF_BOSNIA_AND_HERZEGOVINA?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_10772408","summary":"The current state of affairs in the field of water management of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) have exceptionally specific qualities making it different from national water management systems in the neighbouring countries, i.e. the countries of South-Eastern Europe. These specific qualities arise, primarily, from the constitutional character of Bosnia and Herzegovina, consisted of the entities – the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and Republika Srpska (RS), as well as Brcko District. \r\nIn accordance with the Constitution of BiH and the Constitutions of the FBiH and RS, and pursuant to the Brcko District Arbitration Award, the competences regarding water management (i.e. the competences for regulating development of water resources, protection of waters, use of waters and protection against detrimental effects of waters) rest with the entities and Brcko District. The analysis of the BiH constitutional and legal frameworks indicates that, differently from other peace agreements that were concluded at different times, the Dayton – Paris Peace Agreements do not contain specific and clear provisions that would be associated with the BiH national water resources, i.e. the principles that should be the guidance for the constitutive elements of the BiH state, including the entities and Brcko District, in their management of the shared water resources (the resources intersected by entity or district border line). Therefore, the BiH authorities have no competences for regulating these inter-entity relations. In addition, there is no reliable institutional and procedural system for resolving any possible controversies and disputes regarding management of the shared water resources. \r\nThis Strategy deals with all aspects of the management of water resources in the FBiH, including the issues connected to transpositions of the EU water acquis into the legal system of FBiH. Besides, the document is a worthwile source of information and data regarding georgraphy and hydrography of the territoty it pertains to.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36627662,"asset_id":10772408,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24232839,"first_name":"Slavko","last_name":"Bogdanovic","domain_name":"privrednaakademija","page_name":"SlavkoBogdanovic","display_name":"Slavko Bogdanovic","profile_url":"https://privrednaakademija.academia.edu/SlavkoBogdanovic?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24232839/6541825/7396539/s65_slavko.bogdanovic.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":88289,"name":"Water Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Law?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":957030,"name":"National Water Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Water_Law?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29933436" data-work_id="29933436" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29933436/POLICY_ANALYSIS_AND_IMPLEMENTATION_FOR_A_NEW_WATER_POLICY_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_THE_MAURITIAN_EXPERIENCE">POLICY ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR A NEW WATER POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF THE MAURITIAN EXPERIENCE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Due to bad economics or poor infrastructure, every year millions of people, most of them children, die from diseases associated with inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene. Water scarcity, poor water quality and inadequate... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29933436" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Due to bad economics or poor infrastructure, every year millions of people, most of them children, die from diseases associated with inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene. Water scarcity, poor water quality and inadequate sanitation negatively impact food security, livelihood choices and educational opportunities for poor families across the world. On September 25th 2015 in the United Nations Resolutions A/RES/70/1 , many countries adopted a set of goals to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all as part of a new sustainable development Goals (SDG) agenda. Each goal has specific targets to be achieved over the next 15 years. Goal 6: " Ensure access to water and sanitation for all " is to achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. Aiming for water security up to 2050, with population growth coupled with a blooming tourism industry, irrigation requirements as well as industrial and commercial growth will put additional pressure on existing water supply network. Hence, there is a high need for a national water policy to respond to future anticipated growth in water demand in Mauritius. Mauritius receives an annual rainfall of about 2000mm which corresponds to an annual volume of about 3700 Mm3. Yet, Mauritius suffers from chronic water shortage problems that can severely have impacts on its economy and the well-being of its population (SOHUN et al, 2012). During the past years, it has become a necessity for the authorities responsible for water supply to water rationing in order to cater for shortage and drastic water cuts. The target for a national water policy is to cover a100% potable water by 2020 and 75% urban sewerage coverage by 2040. The water policy clearly demarcates that to solve the emerging water resources, the supply side as well as the demand side will have to be managed more carefully than at present (Mauritius, 2014). With Climate Change uncertainties and increasing water demand, the authorities should give the highest of priorities to securing water availability for its sustained development in the key sectors such as the social and economic, for ensuring agricultural productivities and food security. The water resources management strategies are the medium to long-term actions that will pave the way for the implementation of the water-related policies and achieve the developmental goals for the water sector. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether the promulgation of a new National Water Policy will enhance the sustainable development of the water sector in the country.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29933436" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7359136ff662e6e4340064b6960ab5b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50392198,"asset_id":29933436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50392198/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6608425" href="https://ukzn.academia.edu/VarshaGungoa">Varsha Gungoa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6608425" type="text/json">{"id":6608425,"first_name":"Varsha","last_name":"Gungoa","domain_name":"ukzn","page_name":"VarshaGungoa","display_name":"Varsha Gungoa","profile_url":"https://ukzn.academia.edu/VarshaGungoa?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6608425/10214588/15697837/s65_varsha.gungoa.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29933436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29933436"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29933436, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29933436", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29933436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29933436; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29933436"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29933436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29933436"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29933436; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29933436]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29933436").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29933436").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29933436"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution">Water Pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21724" type="text/json">{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24093" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management">Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24093" type="text/json">{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29933436]'), work: {"id":29933436,"title":"POLICY ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR A NEW WATER POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF THE MAURITIAN EXPERIENCE","created_at":"2016-11-18T01:32:18.191-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29933436/POLICY_ANALYSIS_AND_IMPLEMENTATION_FOR_A_NEW_WATER_POLICY_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_THE_MAURITIAN_EXPERIENCE?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_29933436","summary":"Due to bad economics or poor infrastructure, every year millions of people, most of them children, die from diseases associated with inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene. Water scarcity, poor water quality and inadequate sanitation negatively impact food security, livelihood choices and educational opportunities for poor families across the world. On September 25th 2015 in the United Nations Resolutions A/RES/70/1 , many countries adopted a set of goals to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all as part of a new sustainable development Goals (SDG) agenda. Each goal has specific targets to be achieved over the next 15 years. Goal 6: \" Ensure access to water and sanitation for all \" is to achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. Aiming for water security up to 2050, with population growth coupled with a blooming tourism industry, irrigation requirements as well as industrial and commercial growth will put additional pressure on existing water supply network. Hence, there is a high need for a national water policy to respond to future anticipated growth in water demand in Mauritius. Mauritius receives an annual rainfall of about 2000mm which corresponds to an annual volume of about 3700 Mm3. Yet, Mauritius suffers from chronic water shortage problems that can severely have impacts on its economy and the well-being of its population (SOHUN et al, 2012). During the past years, it has become a necessity for the authorities responsible for water supply to water rationing in order to cater for shortage and drastic water cuts. The target for a national water policy is to cover a100% potable water by 2020 and 75% urban sewerage coverage by 2040. The water policy clearly demarcates that to solve the emerging water resources, the supply side as well as the demand side will have to be managed more carefully than at present (Mauritius, 2014). With Climate Change uncertainties and increasing water demand, the authorities should give the highest of priorities to securing water availability for its sustained development in the key sectors such as the social and economic, for ensuring agricultural productivities and food security. The water resources management strategies are the medium to long-term actions that will pave the way for the implementation of the water-related policies and achieve the developmental goals for the water sector. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether the promulgation of a new National Water Policy will enhance the sustainable development of the water sector in the country.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50392198,"asset_id":29933436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6608425,"first_name":"Varsha","last_name":"Gungoa","domain_name":"ukzn","page_name":"VarshaGungoa","display_name":"Varsha Gungoa","profile_url":"https://ukzn.academia.edu/VarshaGungoa?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6608425/10214588/15697837/s65_varsha.gungoa.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":49379,"name":"Water Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Policy?f_ri=33825"},{"id":178963,"name":"Groundwater Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater_Quality?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50086469" data-work_id="50086469" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50086469/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management_Iwrm_an_Introduction">Integrated Water Resources Management (Iwrm) - an Introduction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Integrated water resources management (IWRM) is based on the four Dublin principles formulated at the International Conference on Water and the Environment held in Dublin 1992. Considering the concepts of intra-and intergeneration... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50086469" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Integrated water resources management (IWRM) is based on the four Dublin principles formulated at the International Conference on Water and the Environment held in Dublin 1992. Considering the concepts of intra-and intergeneration fairness as fundament of sustainability GWP (2000) is developed the recent accepted definition for IWRM: "A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems". Furthermore, GWP (2000) describes also in details, which main topics of natural and human system interaction are to consider in any IWRM-activities. Promoting the communication during decision-making processes the European Environmental Agency has developed a DPSIR-framework assessment [24] using a classification of compiled data in different environmental indicators. The World Bank et al. [26] estimate that theoretically, Việt Nam has an advantageous water situation, with an extensive network of rivers, favourable topography and rainfall patterns. But in detail, the critical situation of water quality in context of economic and social development in Việt Nam is in strong focus of international cooperation in Việt Nam. For that the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has developed additional 25 elements for IWRM-activities in river basins [1]. I. INTRODUCTION Water consumption has grown at more than twice the rate of the population for the past century. Although there is not yet a global water shortage, about 2.8 billion people, representing more than 40 % of the world's population, live in river basins with some form of water scarcity. More than 1.2 billion of them live under conditions of physical water scarcity, which occurs when more than 75 % of the river flows are withdrawn [25]. The work [9] highlights that challenges faced by more and more countries in their struggle for economic and social development are increasingly related to water. Water shortages, quality deterioration and flood impacts are among the problems, which require greater attention and action. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a process, which can assist countries in their endeavour to deal with water issues in a cost-effective and sustainable way.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50086469" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="628fe83e12f6da5788348e00725aa0d4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68203191,"asset_id":50086469,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68203191/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61624482" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Qu%E1%BB%B3nhH%C6%B0%C6%A1ng33">Quỳnh Hương</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61624482" type="text/json">{"id":61624482,"first_name":"Quỳnh","last_name":"Hương","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"QuỳnhHương33","display_name":"Quỳnh Hương","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Qu%E1%BB%B3nhH%C6%B0%C6%A1ng33?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61624482/142659707/132164299/s65_qu_nh.h_ng.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50086469 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50086469"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50086469, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50086469", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50086469]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50086469").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50086469").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50086469"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3407" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies">Environmental Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3407" type="text/json">{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50086469]'), work: {"id":50086469,"title":"Integrated Water Resources Management (Iwrm) - an Introduction","created_at":"2021-07-19T20:30:13.144-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50086469/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management_Iwrm_an_Introduction?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_50086469","summary":"Integrated water resources management (IWRM) is based on the four Dublin principles formulated at the International Conference on Water and the Environment held in Dublin 1992. Considering the concepts of intra-and intergeneration fairness as fundament of sustainability GWP (2000) is developed the recent accepted definition for IWRM: \"A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems\". Furthermore, GWP (2000) describes also in details, which main topics of natural and human system interaction are to consider in any IWRM-activities. Promoting the communication during decision-making processes the European Environmental Agency has developed a DPSIR-framework assessment [24] using a classification of compiled data in different environmental indicators. The World Bank et al. [26] estimate that theoretically, Việt Nam has an advantageous water situation, with an extensive network of rivers, favourable topography and rainfall patterns. But in detail, the critical situation of water quality in context of economic and social development in Việt Nam is in strong focus of international cooperation in Việt Nam. For that the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has developed additional 25 elements for IWRM-activities in river basins [1]. I. INTRODUCTION Water consumption has grown at more than twice the rate of the population for the past century. Although there is not yet a global water shortage, about 2.8 billion people, representing more than 40 % of the world's population, live in river basins with some form of water scarcity. More than 1.2 billion of them live under conditions of physical water scarcity, which occurs when more than 75 % of the river flows are withdrawn [25]. The work [9] highlights that challenges faced by more and more countries in their struggle for economic and social development are increasingly related to water. Water shortages, quality deterioration and flood impacts are among the problems, which require greater attention and action. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a process, which can assist countries in their endeavour to deal with water issues in a cost-effective and sustainable way.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68203191,"asset_id":50086469,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61624482,"first_name":"Quỳnh","last_name":"Hương","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"QuỳnhHương33","display_name":"Quỳnh Hương","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Qu%E1%BB%B3nhH%C6%B0%C6%A1ng33?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61624482/142659707/132164299/s65_qu_nh.h_ng.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33918336" data-work_id="33918336" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33918336/Towards_A_Sustainable_water_Policy_Traditional_Water_Management_Systems_of_India_">Towards A Sustainable water Policy (Traditional Water Management Systems of India)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The book is based on seminar proceedings on Traditional Water Management Systems organized by the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya, Bhopal at Bhopal (16-18th September 1997), Ahmedabad (19-21st January 1998), Pune (3-4th April... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33918336" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The book is based on seminar proceedings on Traditional Water Management Systems organized by the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya, Bhopal at Bhopal (16-18th September 1997), Ahmedabad (19-21st January 1998), Pune (3-4th April 1998) and Bhandara (26-28th October 1998). The introduction and the article by the editor provides an overview of the archaeology, history, philosophy , hydrology and techniques of Indian water harvesting structures from earliest days. It also speaks of the continuing validity of the community management practices for such structures, which are dying fast in India, for supplementing bigger capital intensive dams and management structures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33918336" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="31f4c016b4699fc93e4e771d5aa4f65f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56795501,"asset_id":33918336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56795501/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1037490" href="https://cutm.academia.edu/kalyankumarchakravarty">Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1037490" type="text/json">{"id":1037490,"first_name":"Kalyan Kumar","last_name":"Chakravarty","domain_name":"cutm","page_name":"kalyankumarchakravarty","display_name":"Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty","profile_url":"https://cutm.academia.edu/kalyankumarchakravarty?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1037490/17176655/17318833/s65_kalyan_kumar.chakravarty.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33918336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33918336"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33918336, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33918336", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33918336]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33918336").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33918336").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33918336"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15197" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Customary_Laws">Customary Laws</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15197" type="text/json">{"id":15197,"name":"Customary Laws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Customary_Laws?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Participatory_Water_Management_And_Good_Governance">Sustainable Participatory Water Management And Good Governance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32091" type="text/json">{"id":32091,"name":"Sustainable Participatory Water Management And Good Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Participatory_Water_Management_And_Good_Governance?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33918336]'), work: {"id":33918336,"title":"Towards A Sustainable water Policy (Traditional Water Management Systems of India)","created_at":"2017-07-18T00:53:14.619-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33918336/Towards_A_Sustainable_water_Policy_Traditional_Water_Management_Systems_of_India_?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_33918336","summary":"The book is based on seminar proceedings on Traditional Water Management Systems organized by the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya, Bhopal at Bhopal (16-18th September 1997), Ahmedabad (19-21st January 1998), Pune (3-4th April 1998) and Bhandara (26-28th October 1998). The introduction and the article by the editor provides an overview of the archaeology, history, philosophy , hydrology and techniques of Indian water harvesting structures from earliest days. It also speaks of the continuing validity of the community management practices for such structures, which are dying fast in India, for supplementing bigger capital intensive dams and management structures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56795501,"asset_id":33918336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1037490,"first_name":"Kalyan Kumar","last_name":"Chakravarty","domain_name":"cutm","page_name":"kalyankumarchakravarty","display_name":"Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty","profile_url":"https://cutm.academia.edu/kalyankumarchakravarty?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1037490/17176655/17318833/s65_kalyan_kumar.chakravarty.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":15197,"name":"Customary Laws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Customary_Laws?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":32091,"name":"Sustainable Participatory Water Management And Good Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Participatory_Water_Management_And_Good_Governance?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":45401,"name":"Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":539307,"name":"Sustainable Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":806293,"name":"Traditional Water Use Techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Water_Use_Techniques?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1398637,"name":"Water Management India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management_India?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31824947" data-work_id="31824947" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31824947/Hacia_un_concepto_de_Vocaci%C3%B3n_de_Cuenca_para_la_Gesti%C3%B3n_Integrada_de_Recursos_H%C3%ADdricos">Hacia un concepto de Vocación de Cuenca para la Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The increasing water demand along with the constant threat of water scarcity requires considering the complexity of the links among the various activities carried out in a basin. This implies that decision makers must know the potential... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31824947" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The increasing water demand along with the constant threat of water scarcity requires<br />considering the complexity of the links among the various activities carried out in a basin.<br />This implies that decision makers must know the potential uses of water and its current<br />distribution considering the social, economic and environmental dimension from a<br />comprehensive perspective. In response to this need, the aim of this research is to propose<br />the concept of “Basin Vocation” from the principles of Integrated Water Resources<br />Management, local and sustainable development. For this, it designed a review using a<br />deductive method considering two research assumptions: a) The basin vocation must be the<br />guiding principle and, b) its determination must be under a comprehensive methodology.<br />Basin vocation was defined as the use or set of water uses from a basin that integrate<br />synergistically the social, economic and environmental benefits, within the possibilities<br />offered by the system of material support, and consistent with the basin local development<br />objective. It’s concluded that the basin vocation can be an essential tool to ensure the<br />sustainability of water resource management and promote coherent local development with<br />historical tradition and lifestyle of the community.<br />Key words: Integrated Water Resources Management, Water</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31824947" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e8bcc52f47d76e2afd3c71e1765f7e9b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52119747,"asset_id":31824947,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52119747/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9561986" href="https://uchile.academia.edu/MaximilianoBoladosArratia">Maximiliano Bolados Arratia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9561986" type="text/json">{"id":9561986,"first_name":"Maximiliano","last_name":"Bolados Arratia","domain_name":"uchile","page_name":"MaximilianoBoladosArratia","display_name":"Maximiliano Bolados Arratia","profile_url":"https://uchile.academia.edu/MaximilianoBoladosArratia?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9561986/8252689/9232309/s65_maximiliano.bolados_arratia.jpg_oh_306eaccaedf9e31551c0fd52cbc23037_oe_55b2d899___gda___1437669134_31f714ec0bcf961d1a7d88164f437928"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31824947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31824947"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31824947, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31824947", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31824947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31824947").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31824947").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31824947"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3126" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology">Political Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3126" type="text/json">{"id":3126,"name":"Political Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219105" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Demand_Management">Water Demand Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="219105" type="text/json">{"id":219105,"name":"Water Demand Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Demand_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31824947]'), work: {"id":31824947,"title":"Hacia un concepto de Vocación de Cuenca para la Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos","created_at":"2017-03-11T20:46:06.224-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31824947/Hacia_un_concepto_de_Vocaci%C3%B3n_de_Cuenca_para_la_Gesti%C3%B3n_Integrada_de_Recursos_H%C3%ADdricos?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_31824947","summary":"The increasing water demand along with the constant threat of water scarcity requires\nconsidering the complexity of the links among the various activities carried out in a basin.\nThis implies that decision makers must know the potential uses of water and its current\ndistribution considering the social, economic and environmental dimension from a\ncomprehensive perspective. In response to this need, the aim of this research is to propose\nthe concept of “Basin Vocation” from the principles of Integrated Water Resources\nManagement, local and sustainable development. For this, it designed a review using a\ndeductive method considering two research assumptions: a) The basin vocation must be the\nguiding principle and, b) its determination must be under a comprehensive methodology.\nBasin vocation was defined as the use or set of water uses from a basin that integrate\nsynergistically the social, economic and environmental benefits, within the possibilities\noffered by the system of material support, and consistent with the basin local development\nobjective. It’s concluded that the basin vocation can be an essential tool to ensure the\nsustainability of water resource management and promote coherent local development with\nhistorical tradition and lifestyle of the community.\nKey words: Integrated Water Resources Management, Water","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52119747,"asset_id":31824947,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9561986,"first_name":"Maximiliano","last_name":"Bolados Arratia","domain_name":"uchile","page_name":"MaximilianoBoladosArratia","display_name":"Maximiliano Bolados Arratia","profile_url":"https://uchile.academia.edu/MaximilianoBoladosArratia?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9561986/8252689/9232309/s65_maximiliano.bolados_arratia.jpg_oh_306eaccaedf9e31551c0fd52cbc23037_oe_55b2d899___gda___1437669134_31f714ec0bcf961d1a7d88164f437928"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3126,"name":"Political Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":219105,"name":"Water Demand Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Demand_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38930027" data-work_id="38930027" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38930027/DOLPHINS_CAN_AND_WILL_SAVE_THE_OCEANS_WITH_A_BIT_OF_HELP">DOLPHINS CAN AND WILL SAVE THE OCEANS WITH A BIT OF HELP</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">THE EXPECTED RESULT IS AN EXPLOSION OF LIFE IN THE OCEANS AND NATURALIZATION OF THE PLASTIC, AS YOU MIGHT EXPECT.  ORGANMIC ENERGY CLEANS THE AETHERS, THENCE QUITE LITERALLY EVERYTHING AND ADDS LIFE FORCE ENERGY.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38930027" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="61f7e2b88276854e6ff79f4e06840a0d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59032229,"asset_id":38930027,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59032229/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25559210" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MIKEEMERY1">MIKE EMERY</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25559210" type="text/json">{"id":25559210,"first_name":"MIKE","last_name":"EMERY","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MIKEEMERY1","display_name":"MIKE EMERY","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MIKEEMERY1?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25559210/6986620/7877782/s65_mike.emery.jpg_oh_69356cada727883bf82215bd7175e1fe_oe_556e3889___gda___1428499174_92819634f8879f77673a47c36041d964"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38930027 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38930027"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38930027, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38930027", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38930027 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38930027; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38930027"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38930027 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38930027"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38930027; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38930027]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38930027").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38930027").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38930027"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification">Water Purification</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6515" type="text/json">{"id":6515,"name":"Water Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38930027]'), work: {"id":38930027,"title":"DOLPHINS CAN AND WILL SAVE THE OCEANS WITH A BIT OF HELP","created_at":"2019-04-25T11:29:14.869-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38930027/DOLPHINS_CAN_AND_WILL_SAVE_THE_OCEANS_WITH_A_BIT_OF_HELP?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_38930027","summary":"THE EXPECTED RESULT IS AN EXPLOSION OF LIFE IN THE OCEANS AND NATURALIZATION OF THE PLASTIC, AS YOU MIGHT EXPECT. ORGANMIC ENERGY CLEANS THE AETHERS, THENCE QUITE LITERALLY EVERYTHING AND ADDS LIFE FORCE ENERGY. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59032229,"asset_id":38930027,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25559210,"first_name":"MIKE","last_name":"EMERY","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MIKEEMERY1","display_name":"MIKE EMERY","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MIKEEMERY1?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25559210/6986620/7877782/s65_mike.emery.jpg_oh_69356cada727883bf82215bd7175e1fe_oe_556e3889___gda___1428499174_92819634f8879f77673a47c36041d964"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":6515,"name":"Water Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":6597,"name":"Water Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Engineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":9990,"name":"Water Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Treatment?f_ri=33825"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":18751,"name":"Water Resources (Engineering)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Engineering_?f_ri=33825"},{"id":21340,"name":"Water Resources engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_engineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=33825"},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":24213,"name":"Water Resources (Environment)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Environment_?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":64055,"name":"Water Supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Supply?f_ri=33825"},{"id":75055,"name":"Dolphins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dolphins?f_ri=33825"},{"id":80908,"name":"Water and Sanitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_Sanitation?f_ri=33825"},{"id":250486,"name":"Bottlenose Dolphins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bottlenose_Dolphins?f_ri=33825"},{"id":578858,"name":"River Dolphins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Dolphins?f_ri=33825"},{"id":672131,"name":"Dolphins in captivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dolphins_in_captivity?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1068588,"name":"Whales and Dolphins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whales_and_Dolphins?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43975669" data-work_id="43975669" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43975669/Overview_of_aquaculture_systems_in_Egypt_and_Nigeria_prospects_potentials_and_constraints">Overview of aquaculture systems in Egypt and Nigeria, prospects, potentials, and constraints</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fish farming is considered an important agricultural activity that is capable of ending nutritional deficiencies of the world and contributing to poverty reduction. Its proponents argue that aquaculture will meet the food security needs... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43975669" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fish farming is considered an important agricultural activity that is capable of ending nutritional deficiencies of the world and contributing to poverty reduction. Its proponents argue that aquaculture will meet the food security needs of millions of people in developing countries who will benefit from relatively inexpensive protein, <br />while depleted capture fisheries are allowed to replenish. Egypt is Africa’s leading aquaculture country, followed by Nigeria with similar production systems. The dominant species of fish cultured in Egypt and Nigeria are Tilapia and African catfish, respectively. The aquaculture industries in these two counties are very promising, as <br />there is a presence of water bodies, some institutional commitment, and high demand for fish among others. Despite some gains made by the countries and the huge potential of the aquaculture sector, it is however bedeviled with constraints such as low technology adoption, inadequate supply of fingerlings, high cost of fish feed, etc. This work is an overview of the aquaculture sectors of Egypt and Nigeria, which includes the production systems, prospects, and potentials of the sector and the constraints that affect aquaculture</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43975669" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50b28396a0cb9f322b355bbeb314b726" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73072566,"asset_id":43975669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73072566/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51817567" href="https://universiteabdoumoumounideniamey.academia.edu/OliverKaleem">Oliver Kaleem</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51817567" type="text/json">{"id":51817567,"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Kaleem","domain_name":"universiteabdoumoumounideniamey","page_name":"OliverKaleem","display_name":"Oliver Kaleem","profile_url":"https://universiteabdoumoumounideniamey.academia.edu/OliverKaleem?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51817567/22864068/46475865/s65_oliver.kaleem.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43975669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43975669"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43975669, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43975669", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43975669]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43975669").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43975669").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43975669"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Engagement_and_Participation">Community Engagement & Participation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3470" type="text/json">{"id":3470,"name":"Community Engagement \u0026 Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Engagement_and_Participation?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43975669]'), work: {"id":43975669,"title":"Overview of aquaculture systems in Egypt and Nigeria, prospects, \npotentials, and constraints","created_at":"2020-08-29T07:09:34.601-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43975669/Overview_of_aquaculture_systems_in_Egypt_and_Nigeria_prospects_potentials_and_constraints?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_43975669","summary":"Fish farming is considered an important agricultural activity that is capable of ending nutritional deficiencies of the world and contributing to poverty reduction. Its proponents argue that aquaculture will meet the food security needs of millions of people in developing countries who will benefit from relatively inexpensive protein, \nwhile depleted capture fisheries are allowed to replenish. Egypt is Africa’s leading aquaculture country, followed by Nigeria with similar production systems. The dominant species of fish cultured in Egypt and Nigeria are Tilapia and African catfish, respectively. The aquaculture industries in these two counties are very promising, as \nthere is a presence of water bodies, some institutional commitment, and high demand for fish among others. Despite some gains made by the countries and the huge potential of the aquaculture sector, it is however bedeviled with constraints such as low technology adoption, inadequate supply of fingerlings, high cost of fish feed, etc. This work is an overview of the aquaculture sectors of Egypt and Nigeria, which includes the production systems, prospects, and potentials of the sector and the constraints that affect aquaculture","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73072566,"asset_id":43975669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51817567,"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Kaleem","domain_name":"universiteabdoumoumounideniamey","page_name":"OliverKaleem","display_name":"Oliver Kaleem","profile_url":"https://universiteabdoumoumounideniamey.academia.edu/OliverKaleem?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51817567/22864068/46475865/s65_oliver.kaleem.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":3470,"name":"Community Engagement \u0026 Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Engagement_and_Participation?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":5757,"name":"Land tenure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_tenure?f_ri=33825"},{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development?f_ri=33825"},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=33825"},{"id":13518,"name":"Gender and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Development?f_ri=33825"},{"id":16723,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation And Mitigation Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation_And_Mitigation_Strategies?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":49379,"name":"Water Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Policy?f_ri=33825"},{"id":95372,"name":"Land Administration, land governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Administration_land_governance?f_ri=33825"},{"id":97211,"name":"Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Sanitation_and_Hygiene?f_ri=33825"},{"id":172887,"name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries_and_Aquaculture-1?f_ri=33825"},{"id":572692,"name":"Decentralisation and Local Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decentralisation_and_Local_Governance?f_ri=33825"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37645235" data-work_id="37645235" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37645235/The_Reuse_of_Treated_Wastewater_via_Groundwater_Recharge_for_the_Development_of_Sustainable_Water_Resources">The Reuse of Treated Wastewater via Groundwater Recharge for the Development of Sustainable Water Resources</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">— Due to the reduction of groundwater resources, the artificial recharge of these resources through the reuse of treated wastewater (modified water) is an efficient way to tackle the problem. Some of the most important goals to be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37645235" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">— Due to the reduction of groundwater resources, the artificial recharge of these resources through the reuse of treated wastewater (modified water) is an efficient way to tackle the problem. Some of the most important goals to be achieved regarding such a situation are the development of underground resources, building barriers to help avoid the penetration of the saline water to the underground water table in the coastal areas, creating additional levels of water treatment by soil and controlling the soil settlement. The modified water helps to compensate for the underground water. Asthe additional stage of the purification of the modified water offers assurance on the sewage management system, this natural water treatment created underground eliminates the need for costly wastewater treatment processes. Moreover, the groundwater aquifers provide a natural mechanism for the subsurface transfer of the modified water and eliminate the need for the surface storage facilities and associated problems, such as evaporatio n and the growth of algae, which degrade the water quality. One of the most commonly used methods is the aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) technology, which helps overcome the seasonal imbalance associated with the retrieval systems in the world. In the present paper, the methods used to realize this solution, including among others flood spreading, the soil aquifer treatment (SAT) systems, injection in unsaturated areas, and direct injection are examined. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of using the modified water and the required hydraulic analyzes for designing direct injection wells and injection in unsaturated areas will also be investigated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37645235" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2de6e5f743951605448e86f67a43596d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57630995,"asset_id":37645235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57630995/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24006386" href="https://aud.academia.edu/KavehOstadAliAskari">Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24006386" type="text/json">{"id":24006386,"first_name":"Kaveh","last_name":"Ostad-Ali-Askari","domain_name":"aud","page_name":"KavehOstadAliAskari","display_name":"Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari","profile_url":"https://aud.academia.edu/KavehOstadAliAskari?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37645235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37645235"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37645235, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37645235", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37645235]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37645235").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37645235").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37645235"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6284" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment">Water and wastewater treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6284" type="text/json">{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9991" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment">Wastewater Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9991" type="text/json">{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37645235]'), work: {"id":37645235,"title":"The Reuse of Treated Wastewater via Groundwater Recharge for the Development of Sustainable Water Resources","created_at":"2018-10-24T23:57:25.824-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37645235/The_Reuse_of_Treated_Wastewater_via_Groundwater_Recharge_for_the_Development_of_Sustainable_Water_Resources?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_37645235","summary":"— Due to the reduction of groundwater resources, the artificial recharge of these resources through the reuse of treated wastewater (modified water) is an efficient way to tackle the problem. Some of the most important goals to be achieved regarding such a situation are the development of underground resources, building barriers to help avoid the penetration of the saline water to the underground water table in the coastal areas, creating additional levels of water treatment by soil and controlling the soil settlement. The modified water helps to compensate for the underground water. Asthe additional stage of the purification of the modified water offers assurance on the sewage management system, this natural water treatment created underground eliminates the need for costly wastewater treatment processes. Moreover, the groundwater aquifers provide a natural mechanism for the subsurface transfer of the modified water and eliminate the need for the surface storage facilities and associated problems, such as evaporatio n and the growth of algae, which degrade the water quality. One of the most commonly used methods is the aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) technology, which helps overcome the seasonal imbalance associated with the retrieval systems in the world. In the present paper, the methods used to realize this solution, including among others flood spreading, the soil aquifer treatment (SAT) systems, injection in unsaturated areas, and direct injection are examined. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of using the modified water and the required hydraulic analyzes for designing direct injection wells and injection in unsaturated areas will also be investigated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57630995,"asset_id":37645235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24006386,"first_name":"Kaveh","last_name":"Ostad-Ali-Askari","domain_name":"aud","page_name":"KavehOstadAliAskari","display_name":"Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari","profile_url":"https://aud.academia.edu/KavehOstadAliAskari?f_ri=33825","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":21340,"name":"Water Resources engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_engineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":31893,"name":"Industrial wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=33825"},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825"},{"id":34634,"name":"Bioremediation of wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation_of_wastewater?f_ri=33825"},{"id":65757,"name":"Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater?f_ri=33825"},{"id":70829,"name":"Water and Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_Wastewater?f_ri=33825"},{"id":83986,"name":"Biological Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=33825"},{"id":113095,"name":"Adsorption and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=33825"},{"id":146561,"name":"Water quality, wastewater reuse, integrated water resources management, water resources pollution, emerging pollutants in water, soil and groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality_wastewater_reuse_integrated_water_resources_management_water_resources_pollution_e?f_ri=33825"},{"id":175130,"name":"Wastewater Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Engineering?f_ri=33825"},{"id":407407,"name":"Design water and wastewater treatment and processing units","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_water_and_wastewater_treatment_and_processing_units?f_ri=33825"},{"id":507655,"name":"Advanced Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advanced_Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=33825"},{"id":578992,"name":"Textile Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textile_Wastewater?f_ri=33825"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10777683" data-work_id="10777683" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10777683/STRATEGIJA_UPRAVLJANJA_VODAMA_FEDERACIJE_BOSNE_I_HERCEGOVINE_2010_2022">STRATEGIJA UPRAVLJANJA VODAMA FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE 2010 - 2022</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Današnje stanje na polju upravljanja vodama u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) ima izražene specifinosti koje ga suštinski razlikuju od nacionalnih sistema upravljanja vodama u susjednim zemaljama, odnosno zemalja jugoistone Evrope. Te... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10777683" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Današnje stanje na polju upravljanja vodama u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) ima izražene specifinosti koje ga suštinski razlikuju od nacionalnih sistema upravljanja vodama u susjednim zemaljama, odnosno zemalja jugoistone Evrope. Te specifinosti proizilaze, pre svega, iz ustavnog karaktera Bosne i Hercegovine koju čine entiteti - Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine (FBiH) i Republika Srpska (RS), i Distrikt Brko. <br />Saglasno Ustavu BiH, ustavima FBiH i RS, i Arbitražnoj odluci o Distriktu Brko, nadležnosti za upravljanje vodama (tj. za razvoj vodnih resursa, za zaštitu voda, korišćenje vod i zaštitu od štetnog dejstva voda) u nadležnosti su entiteta i Distrikta Brko. Analiza ustavno-pravnog okvira BiH pokazuje da, za razliku od drugih mirovnih sporazuma, zakljuičvanih u razliitim vremenima, Dejtonosko-pariski mirovni sporazumi ne sadrže specifine i jasne odredbe koje bi se odnosile na nacionalne vodne resurse BiH, odnosno na principe na kojima bi se zasnivali konstitutivni elementi države BiH, entiteti i Distrikta Brčko u pogledu upravljanja zajednikim vodnim resursima (resursima presečenim entitetskom, odnosno distriktskom graninom linijom). Stoga organi BiH nemaju nadležnost za ureivanje tih meuentitetskih odnosa. Pored toga, ne postoji pouzdan institucionalni i procesni sistem unutar koga bi se rješavali mogući nesporazumii i sporovi u upravljanju zajedničkim vodnim resursima. <br />Ova strategija obuhvata sve aspekte upravljanja vodnim resursima u FBiH, uključujući i pitanja koja se odnose na transpoziciju vodnog akija EU u pravni sistem FBiH. Osim toga, dokument je vredan izvor geografskih i hidroloških podataka i informacija o teritoriji na koju se odnosi.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10777683" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f8a9128a97d4c769a5987c1091354a53" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36629709,"asset_id":10777683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36629709/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24232839" href="https://privrednaakademija.academia.edu/SlavkoBogdanovic">Slavko Bogdanovic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24232839" type="text/json">{"id":24232839,"first_name":"Slavko","last_name":"Bogdanovic","domain_name":"privrednaakademija","page_name":"SlavkoBogdanovic","display_name":"Slavko Bogdanovic","profile_url":"https://privrednaakademija.academia.edu/SlavkoBogdanovic?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24232839/6541825/7396539/s65_slavko.bogdanovic.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10777683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10777683"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10777683, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10777683", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10777683]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10777683").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10777683").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10777683"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88289" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Law">Water Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88289" type="text/json">{"id":88289,"name":"Water Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Law?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="957030" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Water_Law">National Water Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="957030" type="text/json">{"id":957030,"name":"National Water Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Water_Law?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10777683]'), work: {"id":10777683,"title":"STRATEGIJA UPRAVLJANJA VODAMA FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE 2010 - 2022","created_at":"2015-02-13T15:45:11.960-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10777683/STRATEGIJA_UPRAVLJANJA_VODAMA_FEDERACIJE_BOSNE_I_HERCEGOVINE_2010_2022?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_10777683","summary":"Današnje stanje na polju upravljanja vodama u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) ima izražene specifinosti koje ga suštinski razlikuju od nacionalnih sistema upravljanja vodama u susjednim zemaljama, odnosno zemalja jugoistone Evrope. Te specifinosti proizilaze, pre svega, iz ustavnog karaktera Bosne i Hercegovine koju čine entiteti - Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine (FBiH) i Republika Srpska (RS), i Distrikt Brko. \r\nSaglasno Ustavu BiH, ustavima FBiH i RS, i Arbitražnoj odluci o Distriktu Brko, nadležnosti za upravljanje vodama (tj. za razvoj vodnih resursa, za zaštitu voda, korišćenje vod i zaštitu od štetnog dejstva voda) u nadležnosti su entiteta i Distrikta Brko. Analiza ustavno-pravnog okvira BiH pokazuje da, za razliku od drugih mirovnih sporazuma, zakljuičvanih u razliitim vremenima, Dejtonosko-pariski mirovni sporazumi ne sadrže specifine i jasne odredbe koje bi se odnosile na nacionalne vodne resurse BiH, odnosno na principe na kojima bi se zasnivali konstitutivni elementi države BiH, entiteti i Distrikta Brčko u pogledu upravljanja zajednikim vodnim resursima (resursima presečenim entitetskom, odnosno distriktskom graninom linijom). Stoga organi BiH nemaju nadležnost za ureivanje tih meuentitetskih odnosa. Pored toga, ne postoji pouzdan institucionalni i procesni sistem unutar koga bi se rješavali mogući nesporazumii i sporovi u upravljanju zajedničkim vodnim resursima. \r\nOva strategija obuhvata sve aspekte upravljanja vodnim resursima u FBiH, uključujući i pitanja koja se odnose na transpoziciju vodnog akija EU u pravni sistem FBiH. Osim toga, dokument je vredan izvor geografskih i hidroloških podataka i informacija o teritoriji na koju se odnosi. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36629709,"asset_id":10777683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24232839,"first_name":"Slavko","last_name":"Bogdanovic","domain_name":"privrednaakademija","page_name":"SlavkoBogdanovic","display_name":"Slavko Bogdanovic","profile_url":"https://privrednaakademija.academia.edu/SlavkoBogdanovic?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24232839/6541825/7396539/s65_slavko.bogdanovic.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":88289,"name":"Water Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Law?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":957030,"name":"National Water Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Water_Law?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21147139" data-work_id="21147139" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21147139/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management_Global_Theory_Emerging_Practice_and_Local_Needs_by_Mollinga_Peter_P_A_Dixit_and_K_Athukorala">Integrated Water Resources Management: Global Theory, Emerging Practice, and Local Needs by Mollinga, Peter P., A. Dixit., and K. Athukorala</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">ABSTRACT <a href="http://www.waterworld.com/articles/2009/08/integrated-water-resources.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.waterworld.com/articles/2009/08/integrated-water-resources.html</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21147139" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b1d7c26f36468ec1fb9dbffa9b7ad19" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43384701,"asset_id":21147139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43384701/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32662340" href="https://soas.academia.edu/PMollinga">Peter Mollinga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32662340" type="text/json">{"id":32662340,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Mollinga","domain_name":"soas","page_name":"PMollinga","display_name":"Peter Mollinga","profile_url":"https://soas.academia.edu/PMollinga?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32662340/10662999/13194259/s65_peter.mollinga.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21147139 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21147139"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21147139, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21147139", }); 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Dixit., and K. Athukorala","created_at":"2016-01-29T08:02:15.491-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21147139/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management_Global_Theory_Emerging_Practice_and_Local_Needs_by_Mollinga_Peter_P_A_Dixit_and_K_Athukorala?f_ri=33825","dom_id":"work_21147139","summary":"ABSTRACT http://www.waterworld.com/articles/2009/08/integrated-water-resources.html","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43384701,"asset_id":21147139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32662340,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Mollinga","domain_name":"soas","page_name":"PMollinga","display_name":"Peter Mollinga","profile_url":"https://soas.academia.edu/PMollinga?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32662340/10662999/13194259/s65_peter.mollinga.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":62977,"name":"IWRM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IWRM?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true},{"id":665188,"name":"Politics of water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_water_resources?f_ri=33825","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37665819" data-work_id="37665819" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37665819/Assessment_of_Water_Supply_Demand_Using_Water_Evaluation_and_Planning_WEAP_Model_for_Ur_River_Watershed_Madhya_Pradesh_India">Assessment of Water Supply–Demand Using Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) Model for Ur River Watershed, Madhya Pradesh, India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many watersheds experience scarcity of water for agricultural and domestic use for most part of the year. Ur river watershed in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh, India, falls under a drought prone region of India. Water allocation and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37665819" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many watersheds experience scarcity of water for agricultural and domestic use for most part of the year. Ur river watershed in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh, India, falls under a drought prone region of India. Water allocation and management are essential for sustainable agriculture for this region. Water Evaluation and Planning system (WEAP)-based decision support system can prove to be an effective tool for water allocation, supply and demand analysis. In the present study, spatially distributed model by using WEAP-MABIA method has been developed for analysis and simulation of agricultural water demands in the Ur river watershed. WEAP-MABIA method uses dual crop coefficient approach which helps in computing the separate soil evaporation and transpiration under various water availability situations. Year 2012–2013 is used as base year for customizing WEAP model for 8 subwatersheds. The model was calibrated using PEST tool, available in WEAP. The calibrated model was used for estimating future water demands and unmet demands by using future climate series, from 2015 to 2030, of IPCC scenario- RCP 4.5 of GDFL-ESM2M model. As per GFDLESM2M model (RCP4.5) predictions, rainfall is going to greatly vary in the coming years. The years 2020–2021 and 2028–2029 may experience very dry climatic conditions with 500 mm or less annual rainfall, while 2017–2018, 2023–2024 and 2025–2026 may experience heavy showers (1200 mm). Straight effects of this rainfall pattern could be seen in future water availability for agriculture and resultant crop yield. A high unmet demand exists in the case of agriculture since the first priority for water supply is meant to be for domestic purpose. Area under agriculture in Ur river watershed is large, while respective water supply is low. This gap puts an extra pressure on water resources leading to over extraction of groundwater and related problems. Looking at this scenario, water allocation requires great attention to narrow down the gap between existing demands and water supply. Since area under agriculture is large, water-efficient crops should be more emphasized. Also, efficient agricultural practices and rain water harvesting should be promoted in the study area. Since the watershed falls in semiarid condition and river flows are seasonal, different stress/deficit irrigation scenarios can be built using customized WEAP model to get higher yield.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37665819" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0f4f8fda476f5bc2300224adcc7e3eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57654122,"asset_id":37665819,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57654122/download_file?st=MTc0MDU1MDI3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50412158" href="https://cbit.academia.edu/DrSunnyAgarwal">Dr. Sunny Agarwal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50412158" type="text/json">{"id":50412158,"first_name":"Dr. Sunny","last_name":"Agarwal","domain_name":"cbit","page_name":"DrSunnyAgarwal","display_name":"Dr. Sunny Agarwal","profile_url":"https://cbit.academia.edu/DrSunnyAgarwal?f_ri=33825","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50412158/13275212/154630941/s65_dr._sunny.agarwal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37665819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37665819"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37665819, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37665819", }); 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The calibrated model was used for estimating future water demands and unmet demands by using future climate series, from 2015 to 2030, of IPCC scenario- RCP 4.5 of GDFL-ESM2M model. As per GFDLESM2M model (RCP4.5) predictions, rainfall is going to greatly vary in the coming years. The years 2020–2021 and 2028–2029 may experience very dry climatic conditions with 500 mm or less annual rainfall, while 2017–2018, 2023–2024 and 2025–2026 may experience heavy showers (1200 mm). Straight effects of this rainfall pattern could be seen in future water availability for agriculture and resultant crop yield. A high unmet demand exists in the case of agriculture since the first priority for water supply is meant to be for domestic purpose. Area under agriculture in Ur river watershed is large, while respective water supply is low. This gap puts an extra pressure on water resources leading to over extraction of groundwater and related problems. Looking at this scenario, water allocation requires great attention to narrow down the gap between existing demands and water supply. Since area under agriculture is large, water-efficient crops should be more emphasized. Also, efficient agricultural practices and rain water harvesting should be promoted in the study area. 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