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id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:5px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Circle-icons-anchor.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Circle-icons-anchor.svg/35px-Circle-icons-anchor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Circle-icons-anchor.svg/53px-Circle-icons-anchor.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Circle-icons-anchor.svg/70px-Circle-icons-anchor.svg.png 2x" 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href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer">mer</a> et l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Information_g%C3%A9ographique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Information géographique">information géographique</a>.</strong></p> <p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Projet:Accueil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p><i><b>Normalnull</b></i> (littéralement « zéro normal » en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemand</a>) était le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rent_altim%C3%A9trique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Référent altimétrique">référent altimétrique</a> en vigueur en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a> et dont le niveau zéro correspond au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niveau_de_la_mer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niveau de la mer">niveau</a> moyen de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_du_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer du Nord">mer du Nord</a>. Depuis les années 1990, il a été remplacé par le système <i>DHHN92</i> (DHHN pour <i>Deutsches Haupthöhennetz</i> : principal réseau altimétrique allemand) basé sur le nouveau référent altimétrique <i>NHN</i> (pour <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Normalh%C3%B6hennull&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Normalhöhennull (page inexistante)">Normalhöhennull</a></i>). Cependant, la majeure partie des cartes topographiques actuelles donnent toujours des altitudes par rapport à l'ancienne référence.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Borne_de_nivellement_Kriegstor.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Borne_de_nivellement_Kriegstor.JPG/250px-Borne_de_nivellement_Kriegstor.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Borne_de_nivellement_Kriegstor.JPG/375px-Borne_de_nivellement_Kriegstor.JPG 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Borne_de_nivellement_Kriegstor.JPG/500px-Borne_de_nivellement_Kriegstor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></a> <figcaption> Repère de la Kriegstor à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strasbourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Stra%C3%9Fburg_M%C3%BCnster_H%C3%B6henmarke.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stra%C3%9Fburg_M%C3%BCnster_H%C3%B6henmarke.jpg/250px-Stra%C3%9Fburg_M%C3%BCnster_H%C3%B6henmarke.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stra%25C3%259Fburg_M%25C3%25BCnster_H%25C3%25B6henmarke.jpg/375px-Stra%25C3%259Fburg_M%25C3%25BCnster_H%25C3%25B6henmarke.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stra%25C3%259Fburg_M%25C3%25BCnster_H%25C3%25B6henmarke.jpg/500px-Stra%25C3%259Fburg_M%25C3%25BCnster_H%25C3%25B6henmarke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3770" data-file-height="3377"></a> <figcaption> Repère au portail de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Strasbourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg">Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p><br></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normalnull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9finition"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Définition</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normalnull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_Normalnull_dans_le_syst%C3%A8me_DHHN"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Le <i>Normalnull</i> dans le système <i>DHHN</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normalnull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normalnull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normalnull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Définition"><span id="D.C3.A9finition"></span>Définition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Normalnull&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Définition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Le <i>Normalnull</i> doit se comprendre comme la surface de référence altimétrique passant par le <i>point de Normalnull</i> et définit des altitudes orthométriques normales. Elle n'est ni une surface d'équipotentiel gravitaire ni une des surfaces du champ de gravité normal<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normalnull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le <i>point de Normalnull</i> se trouvait précisément 37 mètres sous le <i>point d'altitude normale</i> défini à l'ancien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Observatoire_de_Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Observatoire de Berlin">observatoire de Berlin</a>. Le <i>point d'altitude normale</i> (NHP 1879 pour <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Normalh%C3%B6henpunkt_1879&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Normalhöhenpunkt 1879 (page inexistante)">Normalhöhenpunkt 1879</a>) a été dérivé en 1879 par nivellements avec une incertitude de ± 1 décimètre par rapport au référent altimétrique du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niveau_normal_d%27Amsterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niveau normal d'Amsterdam">Niveau normal d'Amsterdam</a>. En prévision de la démolition de l'Observatoire de Berlin, plusieurs points furent installés en 1912 à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoppegarten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hoppegarten">Hoppegarten</a>, à l'Est de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>.</p> <p>Une altitude <i>au-dessus du Normalnull</i> (ü. NN pour über NN) d'un point est la distance verticale qui le sépare du <i>Normalnull</i>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Le_Normalnull_dans_le_système_DHHN"><span id="Le_Normalnull_dans_le_syst.C3.A8me_DHHN"></span>Le <i>Normalnull</i> dans le système <i>DHHN</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Normalnull&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le Normalnull dans le système DHHN" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Le <i>principal réseau altimétrique<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normalnull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> allemand</i> de 1912 (<i>DHHN12</i>) était basé sur le <i>Normalnull</i>. Lors de l'établissement de ce réseau, aucune mesure de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravité">gravité</a> n'avait été prise. De ce fait, la correction correspondante était calculée par la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Formule_du_poids_normal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Formule du poids normal (page inexistante)">formule du poids normal</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalschwereformel" class="extiw" title="de:Normalschwereformel"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand : « Normalschwereformel »">(de)</span></a></i> facile à manipuler. Les hauteurs ainsi dérivées sont appelées hauteurs orthométriques normales. La surface du <i>Normalnull</i> ne s'approche que mal du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A9o%C3%AFde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Géoïde">géoïde</a> : en haute montagne, sa déviation peut atteindre plusieurs décimètres. Outre les petites erreurs fortuites de déviation conditionnées par le modèle lors de la définition des altitudes par différentes chemins, on trouve également les erreurs dites <i>théoriques de conclusion de circuits fermés</i>.</p> <p>Dans les années 1980, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l%27Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne de l'Ouest">République fédérale d'Allemagne</a> décida d'adapter le système d'altitude au modèle d'altitude physique, les altitudes orthométriques, qui devint donc le système <i>DHHN85</i>. Par la suite, c'est le géoïde servant de surface de référence qui devrait être appelé <i>Normalnull</i>. Le système d'altitude <i>DHHN85</i> ne fut mis en place que dans peu de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Land_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Land (Allemagne)">Laender</a>.</p> <p>Le Normalhöhennull (altitude <i>au-dessus du Normalhöhennull</i> (ü. NHN pour über NHN)) du système <i>DHHN92</i> remplaça les précédents partout.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Normalnull&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normalnull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Pour mieux comprendre, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A9od%C3%A9sie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Géodésie">Géodésie</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normalnull?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Sur le principe, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NGF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="NGF">NGF</a>.</span></li> </ol> </div> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en allemand intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalnull?oldid%3D87118127">Normalnull</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalnull?action%3Dhistory">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Normalnull&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Normalnull&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niveau_de_la_mer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niveau de la mer">Niveau de la mer</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Altitude?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Altitude">Altitude</a> | <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar%C3%A9graphe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marégraphe">Marégraphe</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rent_altim%C3%A9trique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Référent altimétrique">Référent altimétrique</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eustatisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eustatisme">Eustatisme</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niveau_normal_d%27Amsterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niveau normal d'Amsterdam">Niveau normal d'Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A8tres_au-dessus_de_la_mer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mètres au-dessus de la mer">Mètres au-dessus de la mer</a></li> </ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Maritime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du monde maritime"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Circle-icons-anchor.svg/24px-Circle-icons-anchor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Circle-icons-anchor.svg/24px-Circle-icons-anchor.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Circle-icons-anchor.svg/36px-Circle-icons-anchor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Circle-icons-anchor.svg/48px-Circle-icons-anchor.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Maritime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Maritime">Portail du monde maritime</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Information_g%C3%A9ographique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de l’information géographique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Map_ballonicon2.svg/24px-Map_ballonicon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" 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noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de l’Allemagne"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/37px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 37px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/37px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="37" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/55px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/74px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Allemagne">Portail de l’Allemagne</a></span> </span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DNormalnull%26oldid%3D194052434">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Normalnull&oldid=194052434</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalnull" title="Normalnull – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Normalnull" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noamalnui" title="Noamalnui – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Noamalnui" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalnull" title="Normalnull – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Normalnull" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalnull" title="Normalnull – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Normalnull" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalnull" title="Normalnull – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Normalnull" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalnull" title="Normalnull – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Normalnull" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalnull" title="Normalnull – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Normalnull" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalnull" title="Normalnull – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Normalnull" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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