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href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hangul rootpage-Hangul skin-vector-2022 action-edit"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Hangul&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26undo%3D1748675%26undoafter%3D1744020" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Hangul&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26undo%3D1748675%26undoafter%3D1744020" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Hangul&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26undo%3D1748675%26undoafter%3D1744020" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Hangul&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26undo%3D1748675%26undoafter%3D1744020" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Tingnan ang wikitext ng Hangul</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mayroon lamang ang artikulong ito sa wikang ito. Idagdag ang artikulo sa ibang mga wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Magdagdag ng wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Makikita at makokopya mo ang wikitext ng pahinang ito. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="tl" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Infobox writing system |name = Alpabetong Koreano |altname = <small>{{lang|ko|한글}} Hangul o Hangeul<br />{{lang|ko|조선글}} Chosŏn'gŭl</small> |type = [[alpabeto|Alphabetong]] [[Pitural]] |languages = [[wikang Koreano|Koreano]], [[wikang Jeju|Jeju]], [[wikang Cia-Cia|Cia-Cia]], [[Hangul Taiwanes |Taiwanes]]<br>Opisyal na iskrip ng:<br>{{flag|Timog Korea}}<br>{{flag|Hilagang Korea}}<br>{{flag|Tsina}} ([[Jilin|Lalawigan ng Jilin]]: [[Nagsasariling Prepekturang Koreano ng Yangbian]] at [[Koreanong Nagsasariling Kondehang Koreano ng Changbai]]) |time = 1443–kasalukuyan |direction = Kaliwa-kanan |creator = [[Sejong the Great|Sejong ng Joseon]] |iso15924 = Hang |caption = Mga titik-Hangul |footnotes = Karaniwang isinusulat ang Hangul nang pahalang, pakaliwa-kanan. Kung isinusulat nang patayo tulad ang nakaraan, ang sistema ng pagsulat ay itaas-pababa at kadalasang kanan-pakaliwa, ngunit minsan ay itaas-pababa at kaliwa-pakanan. }} [[Talaksan:Chosungul or Hangul logo (New Type) at (Black Design).svg|thumb|Mga titik-hangul]] Ang '''alpabetong Koreano''', kilala bilang '''Hangul''' o '''Hangeul'''{{refn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɑː|n|g|uː|l}} {{Respell|HAHN|gool}};<ref name="MW">{{cite web |title=Hangul |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hangul |website=[[Dictionary by Merriam-Webster]] |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] |accessdate=15 August 2017 }}</ref> mula sa [[wikang Koreano|Koreano]] {{Lang-ko|한글|links=no|translit=|label=none|italic=|italics=}}, {{IPA-ko|ha(ː)n.ɡɯl}}.<br/>Maaaring isulat din ang Hangul bilang '''{{lang|ko-Latn|Hangeul}}''' ayon sa [[Revised Romanization of Korean|pamantayang Romanisasyon]].|group=note}}, [[IPA]] [ha(ː)n.ɡɯl], sa Timog Korea o '''Chosŏn'gŭl''', [[IPA]] [t͡ɕo̞.sʰʌ̹n.ɡɯɭ], sa Hilagang Korea, ay ginagamit para isulat ang [[wikang Koreano]] mula noong kanyang paglikha sa ika-15 siglo ni Haring [[Sejong ang Dakila]].<ref>{{cite web|title=알고 싶은 한글|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/hangeul/setting/002.html|website=국립국어원|publisher=National Institute of Korean Language|accessdate=4 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="Kim-Renaud 15p">{{harvnb|Kim-Renaud|1997|p=15}}</ref> Itong mga ponograma ang opisyal na [[sistema ng pagsulat]] ng [[Korea]], kapwa Timog Korea at Hilagang Korea. Kapwa opisyal na sistema ng pagsulat ito sa [[Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture|Nagsasariling Prepekturang Koreano ng Yanbian]] and [[Changbai Korean Autonomous County|Nagsasariling Kondehang Koreano ng Changbai]] sa [[Jilin|Lalawigan ng Jilin]], [[Tsina]]. Paminsan-paminsan, ginagamit ito para isulat ang [[wikang Cia-Cia]] na sinasalita malapit sa bayan ng [[Baubau]], [[Indonesia|Indonesya]]. Naglinang at gumamit si [[Xu Caode]] (1987), isang dalubwikang [[Taiwanese people|Taiwanes]] para kumatawan sa sinasalitang [[Taiwanese Hokkien|Hokkieng Taiwanes]], at kalaunang sinuporta ni [[Ang Ui-jin]] (tingnan ang [[Taiwanese Hangul|Hangul Taiwanes]]).<ref>{{cite|title=「台灣閩南語槪論」講授資料彙編|author=Dong Zhongsi (董忠司)|date=|publisher=Taiwan Languages and Literature Society|url=}}</ref><ref name="台語文運動訪談暨史料彙編">台語文運動訪談暨史料彙編</ref> Dati, binuo ang alpabetong Hangul ng 28 titik na may 17 katinig at 11 patinig noong paglikha nito. Dahil naging laos ang apat, binubuo ang makabagong Hangul ng 24 titik na may 14 katinig at 10 patinig. Sa Hilagang Korea, ang kabuuan ay 40. Binubuo ito ng 19 katinig at 21 patinig dahil isinasama rin nito ang 5 tense na katinig (ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅉ ㅆ) at 6 tambalang at hugnayang patinig pati na rin angㅐatㅔ. Isinusulat ang mga Koreanong titik sa mga blokeng [[Syllable|papantig]] kung saan nakaayos ang mga titik sa dalawang dimensyon. Halimbawa, ang salitang Koreano para sa "[[pukyutan]]" (''kkulbeol'') ay isinusulat bilang {{wiktko|꿀벌}}, hindi ㄲㅜㄹㅂㅓㄹ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/eng_hangeul/principle/001.html|title=Individual Letters of Hangeul and its Principles|date=2008|website=National Institute of Korean Language|access-date=2017-12-02}}</ref> Dahil pinagsama-sama nito ang mga katangian ng mga pang-abakada at papantig na sistemang pagsulat, inilalarawan ito bilang "abakadang pantigan" ng iilang [[Lingguwistika|dalubwika]].<ref name=":1">{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Insup|title=The Korean writing system: An alphabet? A syllabary? a logography?|journal=Processing of Visible Language|date=1980|pages=67–82|doi=10.1007/978-1-4684-1068-6_5|isbn=978-1-4684-1070-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pae|first1=Hye K.|title=Is Korean a syllabic alphabet or an alphabetic syllabary|journal=Writing Systems Research|date=1 January 2011|volume=3|issue=2|pages=103–115|doi=10.1093/wsr/wsr002|issn=1758-6801}}</ref> Tulad ng tradisyonal na Tsinong pagsulat, kinaugaliang isinulat ang mga Koreanong teksto itaas-pababa, kanan-pakaliwa, at kung minsan, ay isinusulat pa rin nang ganito para sa kanyang istilo. Ngayon, karaniwang isinusulat ito kaliwa-pakanan na may [[Word divider|puwang]] sa pagitan ng mga salita at Kanluraning [[bantas]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/10/economist-explains-7|title=How was Hangul invented?|date=2013-10-08|work=[[The Economist]]|access-date=2017-12-02}}</ref> Isinasaalang-alang ito ng ilang [[Lingguwistika|dalubwika]] bilang isa sa mga pinakatapat na sistema ng pagsulat ayon sa ponolohiya na ginagamit sa mundo ngayon. Isang katanigan ng Hangul ay tila ginagaya ng kanyang mga hugis ang hugis ng nagsasalita habang binibigkas ang bawat katinig.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/a-linguist-explains-why-korean-is-the-best-written-language-2016-6|title=A linguist explains why Korean is the best written language|last=Cock|first=Joe|date=2016-06-28|work=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=2017-12-02}}</ref> == Pangalan == {{Infobox Korean name|title=Koreanong pangalan|hangul={{lang|ko|한글}}|hanja=|rr=Han(-)geul|mr=Han'gŭl<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/librariesaustralia/files/2011/07/ras-1939.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-08-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712071618/http://www.nla.gov.au/librariesaustralia/files/2011/07/ras-1939.pdf |archivedate=2015-07-12 }}, p. 52</ref>|koreanipa={{IPA-ko|ha(ː)n.ɡɯl}}}} === Mga pangalang opisyal === [[Talaksan:Hangeul.svg|thumb|Ang salitang "Hangul" na nakasulat sa alpabetong Koreano]] [[Talaksan:Korean calligraphy-Hangul-01.jpg|thumb|Kaligrapiyang Koreano]] [[Hunminjeongeum|Hunminjeong'eum]] ({{lang|ko|훈민정음}}) ang dating tawag sa alpabetong Koreano, ipinangalan sa dokumentong nagpakilala sa sulat sa mga Koreano noong 1446 na isinulat ni Haring [[Sejong the Great|Sejong ang Dakila]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cha.go.kr/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?ctgryLrcls=CTGRY168&nttId=57977&bbsId=BBSMSTR_1205&mn=EN_03_03|title=Hunminjeongeum Manuscript|date=2006|website=Korean Cultural Heritage Administration|language=en|access-date=2017-12-02|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224537/http://www.cha.go.kr/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?ctgryLrcls=CTGRY168&nttId=57977&bbsId=BBSMSTR_1205&mn=EN_03_03|archivedate=2017-12-03}}</ref> Ang alpabetong Koreano ay tinatawag na ''hangeul'' ({{lang|ko-kr|한글}}), isang pangalang nilikha ni [[Ju Si-gyeong]], isang Koreanong dalubwika, noong 1912. Pinagsama-sama ng pangalan ang sinaunang salitang Koreano, ''han'' ({{lang|ko-Hang|한|nocat=yes}}), na nangangahulugang "dakila", at ''geul'' ({{lang|ko-Hang|글|nocat=yes}}), na nangangahulugang "iskrip". Ginagamit din ang salitang ''han'' para tumukoy sa Korea sa pangkalahatan, kaya nangangahulugan din ng "Sulat Koreano" ang pangalan.<ref name="Lee, Iksop 13p">{{harvnb|Lee|Ramsey|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=NN-yIdLOkCoC&pg=PA13 13]}}</ref> [[romanized|Naromanisa]] sa maramihang paraan: *''Hangeul'' o ''han-geul'' sa [[Binagong Romanisasyon ng Koreano]] na ginagamit ng pamahalaang [[Timog Korea|Timog Koreano]] sa mga paglalathala sa Ingles at hinihikayat para sa lahat ng layunin. *''Han'gŭl'' sa sistemang [[McCune–Reischauer]], at kadalasang isinusulat sa malaking titik at isinasalin nang walang [[Diacritic|tuldik]] kapag ginagamit bilang salita sa Ingles, Hangul, katulad ng lumilitaw sa mararaming diksyunaryong Ingles. *''Hānkul'' sa [[Yale romanization of Korean|romanisasyong Yale]], isang sistemang hinihikayat para sa teknikal na araling dalubwika. Sa [[Hilagang Korea]], Chosŏn'gŭl ({{lang|ko-kp|조선글}}) ang tawag dito na ipinangalan sa [[Chosŏn]], ang Hilagang Koreanong [[Names of Korea|pangalan para sa Korea]] na tinatawag ang kanilang sarili bilang [[Joseon]] na nagmula sa sinaunang bansa [[Gojoseon]]. <ref name="Kim-Renaud 2p">{{harvnb|Kim-Renaud|1997|p=2}}</ref> Ginagamit ang sistemang [[McCune–Reischauer]] doon. === Ibang pangalan === [[Talaksan:South Korea (Hangul and Hanja).svg|thumb|"Hanguk" (Timog Korea) sa Hangul (itaas) at Hanja (ibaba)]] Hanggang sa ika-20 siglo, mas ginustong magsulat ang mga kapiliang Koreano gamit ang [[Chinese characters|titik Tsino]] na tinatawag na [[Hanja]]. Tinukoy nila ang Hanja bilang ''jinseo'' (진서/真書) o "totoong titik". Sinasabi ng ilang salaysay na itinuring ng kapilian ang alpabetong Koreano nang may panunuya bilang ''<nowiki/>'amkeul'' ({{Lang-ko|암클|label=none}}) na nangangahulugang "pambabeng sulat", at '''''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>'''ahaetgeul'' ({{Lang-ko|아햇글|label=none}}) na nangangahulugang "pambatang sulat", ngunit walang nakasulat na ebidensiya nito.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/eng_hangeul/another/001.html|title=Different Names for Hangeul|last=|first=|date=2008|website=National Institute of Korean Language|access-date=2017-12-03}}</ref> Tinukoy ito ng mga nagtaguyod ng alpabetong Koreano bilang ''jeong'eum'' ({{Lang-ko|정음/正音|label=none}}) na nangangahulugang "tamang pagbigkas", ''gukmun'' ({{Lang-ko|국문/國文|label=none}}) na nangangahulugang "pambansang sulat", at ''eonmun'' ({{Lang-ko|언문/諺文|label=none}}) na nangangahulugang "sulat [[vernacular|bernakular]]".<ref name=":3" /> == Kasaysayan == === Paglikha === Bago ang paglikha ng makabagong alpabetong Koreano, ipinansulat ng mga Koreano ang [[Classical Chinese|Klasikong Tsino]] kasama ng mga katutubong sistema ng pagsulat na nanguna sa makabagong alpabetong Koreano nang daan-daang taon, kabilang ang [[Idu script|sulat-Idu]], [[Hyangchal]], [[Gugyeol]] at Gakpil.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aJfv8Iyd2m4C&pg=PA57#v=onepage|title=Asia's Orthographic Dilemma|last1=Hannas|first1=Wm C.|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|isbn=9780824818920|page=57|language=en|accessdate=20 September 2016|year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_CpZCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66#v=onepage|title=Multilingual Access and Services for Digital Collections|last1=Chen|first1=Jiangping|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781440839559|page=66|language=en|accessdate=20 September 2016|date=2016-01-18}}</ref><ref name="phonetic">{{cite journal|date=1 January 2005|title=Invest Korea Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=00a2AAAAIAAJ|language=en|publisher=Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency|volume=23|accessdate=20 September 2016|quote=They later devised three different systems for writing Korean with Chinese characters: Hyangchal, Gukyeol and Idu. These systems were similar to those developed later in Japan and were probably used as models by the Japanese.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=1 July 2000|title=Korea Now|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAlWAAAAYAAJ|language=en|publisher=Korea Herald|volume=29|accessdate=20 September 2016}}</ref> Subalit mangmang ang karamihan ng Koreanong masa dahil sa mga makabuluhang pagkakaiba ng mga wikang Koreano at Tsino at sa napakaraming titik.<ref name="NAKL Back2">{{cite web|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/eng_hangeul/setting/002.html|title=The Background of the invention of Hangeul|last=|first=|date=2008|website=National Institute of Korean Language|publisher=The National Academy of the Korean Language|accessdate=2017-12-03}}</ref> Upang itaguyod ang kakayahang bumasa’t sumulat sa mga karaniwang tao, nilikha at ipinalaganap mismo ng ikaapat na hari ng dinastiyang [[Joseon]], [[Sejong the Great|Sejong ang Dakila]], ang isang makabagong alpabeto.<ref name="Kim-Renaud 15p" /><ref name="NAKL Back2" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VCqLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA54#v=onepage|title=Concise History of the Language Sciences: From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists|last1=Koerner|first1=E. F. K.|last2=Asher|first2=R. E.|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|isbn=9781483297545|page=54|language=en|accessdate=13 October 2016|date=2014-06-28}}</ref> [[Talaksan:Hunmin_jeong-eum.jpg|thumb|Isang pahina mula sa ''Hunminjeong'eum Eonhae''. Ang tudling na may Hangul lamang, ikatlo mula sa kaliwa ({{Script/Korean|나랏말ᄊᆞ미}}), ay may tuldik pandiin-tono sa kaliwa ng mga blokeng papantig.]] Idinsenyo ang alpabetong Koreano para makabasa at makasulat ang mga taong may kakaunting edukasyon. Isang sikat na kasabihan tungkol sa alpabeto ay "Masasanay ang pantas na tao sa kanila bago matapos ang umaga; kahit ang taong hangal ay matutuhan nito sa loob ng sampung araw."<ref name="Haerye">''[[Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye]]'', postface of [[Jeong Inji]], p. 27a, translation from [[Gari K. Ledyard]], ''The Korean Language Reform of 1446'', p. 258</ref> Nakumpleto ang proyekto noong huling bahagi ng Disyembro 1443 o Enero 1444, at inilarawan noong 1446 sa dokumentong pinamagatang ''[[Hunminjeongeum|Hunminjeong'eum]]'' (''Ang Tamang Tunog para sa Edukasyon ng mga Tao'') na ipinangalan sa dating pangalan mismo ng alpabeto.<ref name=":3" /> Ang petsa ng paglalathala ng ''Hunminjeongeum'', Oktubre 9, ay naging [[Hangul Day|Araw ng Hangul]] sa Timog Korea. Ang kanyang katumbas sa Hilagang Korea, Araw ng Chosŏn'gŭl, ay sa Enero 15. Nadiskubre rin noong 1940 ang isa pang dokumento na inilathala noong 1446 at pinamagatang ''[[Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye|Hunminjeong'eum Haerye]]'' ("''Hunminjeong'eum'' Paliwanag at mga Halimbawa"). Ipinapaliwanag ng dokumento na nakabatay ang disenyo ng katinig sa [[Articulatory phonetics|tiniging palabigkasan]] at nakabatay ang disenyo ng patinig sa mga prinsipyo ng [[Yin at yang|''yin'' at ''yang'']] at [[Vowel harmony|pagkakasundo ng patinig]]. === Pagsalungat === Napaharap ang alpabetong Koreano noong dekada 1440 sa pagsalansang ng edukadong kapilian, kabilang si [[Choe Manri]], isang pulitika, at mga ibang [[Korean Confucian|Koreanong Confucianong]] iskolar. Pinaniwalaan nila na ang [[Hanja]] ay ang tanging lehitimong sistema ng pagsulat. Nakita rin nila ang pagkalaganap ng alpabetong Koreano bilang panganib sa kanilang estado.<ref name="NAKL Back2" /> Subalit sumikat pa rin ang alpabetong Koreano gaya ng binalik ni Haring Sejong na ginamit lalo na ng mga kababaihan at manunulat ng popular na kathang-isip.<ref name="Pratt">Pratt, Rutt, Hoare, 1999. ''Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary.'' Routledge.</ref> Ipinagbawal ni [[Yeonsangun of Joseon|Haring Yeonsangun]] ang pag-aaral ng paglathala ng alpabetong Koreano noong 1504, pagkatapos ng paglathala ng dokumento na nagbatikos sa hari.<ref name="NAKL process">{{cite web|publisher=The National Academy of the Korean Language|title=4. The providing process of Hangeul|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/eng_hangeul/supply/001.html|date=January 2004|accessdate=2008-05-19}}</ref> Gayundin, inabolisa ni [[Jungjong of Joseon|Haring Jungjong]] ang Ministro ng Eonmun, isang institusyon ng pamahalaan na may kinalaman sa pananaliksik ng Hangul, sa 1506.<ref name="EncyKorea">{{cite web|url=http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=254353&v=43|title=Jeongeumcheong, synonymous with Eonmuncheong (<span lang="ko">정음청 正音廳, 동의어: 언문청</span>)|publisher=[[Nate (web portal)|Nate]] / [[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]|language=Korean|accessdate=2008-05-19}}</ref> === Muling pagsilang === Gayunman noong huling bahagi ng ika-16 siglo, nagkaroon ng muling pagsilang ng alpabetong Koreano sa pagkalago ng panulaang ''[[Gasa (poetry)|gasa]]'' at ''[[sijo]]''. Sa ika-17 siglo, naging malaking [[genre|klase]] ang mga nobela sa alpabetong Koreano.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://enc.daum.net/dic100/viewContents.do?&m=all&articleID=b24h2804b|title=Korea Britannica article|language=ko|publisher=Enc.daum.net|accessdate=2012-04-13}}</ref> Subalit ginamit ang alpabetong Koreano nang hindi nagkaroon ng [[Orthography|sapamantayang ortograpikal]] nang matagal na panahon. Kaya naging iregular ang pagbaybay.<ref name="Pratt" />[[Talaksan:Songganggasa15-2.jpg|thumb|''Songangasa'', isang koleksyon ng tula ni Jeong Cheol, inilathala noong 1768.]] Sa 1796, si [[Isaac Titsingh]], isang [[Dutch people|Olandes]] na iskolar ang naging unang tao na magdala ng aklat na nakasulat sa wikang Koreano sa [[mundong Kanluranin]]. Kabilang sa kanyang koleksyon ng libro ang Hapones na ''[[Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu]]'' (''Isang Isinalarawang Deskripsyon ng Tatlong Bansa'') ni [[Hayashi Shihei]].<ref>WorldCat, [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Sangoku+Ts%C5%ABran+Zusetsu&qt=results_page ''Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu'']; alternate [[romaji]] [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Sankoku+Ts%C5%ABran+Zusetsu&qt=results_page ''Sankoku Tsūran Zusetsu'']</ref> Inilarawan ng libro na inilathala noong 1785 ang [[Kaharian ng Joseon]]<ref>Cullen, Louis M. (2003). {{Google books|ycY_85OInSoC|''A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds,'' p. 137.|page=137}}</ref> at ang alpabetong Koreano.<ref>Vos, Ken. [http://www.rmv.nl/publicaties/11Koreavroeg/e/accidentalacquisitions.pdf "Accidental acquisitions: The nineteenth-century Korean collections in the National Museum of Ethnology, Part 1,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622021232/http://www.rmv.nl/publicaties/11Koreavroeg/e/accidentalacquisitions.pdf |date=2012-06-22 }} p. 6 (pdf p. 7); Klaproth, Julius. (1832). {{Google books|lsoNAAAAIAAJ|''San kokf tsou ran to sets, ou Aperçu général des trois royaumes,'' pp. 19 n1.|page=19}}</ref> Noong 1832, isinuporta ng [[Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland#Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|Pondo ng Silanganing Pagsasalinwika ng Gran Brtianya at Irlanda]] ang postumong pinaikling paglathala ng pagsasalinwikang Pranses ni Titsingh.<ref>Klaproth, {{Google books|lsoNAAAAIAAJ| pp. 1-168.|page=1}}</ref> Dahil sa lumalagong [[Korean nationalism|nasyonalismong Koreano]], sa pagtaguyod ng [[Gabo Reform|Repormistang Gabo]], at pagtaguyod ng mga Kanluraning misyonero ng alpabetong Koreano sa mga paaralan at panitikan,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Silva|first1=David J.|year=2008|title=Missionary Contributions toward the Revaluation of Han'geul in Late 19th Century Korea|journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language|volume=192|issue=192|pages=57–74|doi=10.1515/ijsl.2008.035|citeseerx=10.1.1.527.8160}}</ref> opisyal na pinagtibay ang Hangul sa mga dokumentong opisyal sa unang pagkakataon noong 1894.<ref name="NAKL process" /> Nagsimulang gumamit ang mga elementaryong tekstong pampaaralan ng alpabetong Koreano noong 1895, at ang ''[[Tongnip Sinmun]]'' na inilathala noong 1896, ang unang dyaryo na inilathala sa Koreano at Ingles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://korea.assembly.go.kr/history_html/history_07/mod_09.jsp|title=Korean History|publisher=Korea.assembly.go.kr|accessdate=2012-04-13}}</ref> === Mga reporma at pagbabawal sa pamamahalang Hapones === Pagkasakop ng mga Hapones noong 1910, naging wikang opisyal ng Korea ang [[Wikang Hapones|Hapones]]. Gayunman, itinuro pa rin ang alpabetong Koreano sa mga paaralang itinatag ng mga Koreano na itinayo pagkatapos ng pananakop at isinulat ang Koreano sa halong Hanja at Hangul kung saan nakasulat ang mga leksikong ugat sa Hanja at mga anyong pambararila sa alpabetong Koreano. Ipinagbawal ng Hapon ang maagang Koreanong panitikan sa pampublikong edukasyon na naging [[Compulsory education|sapilitan]] para sa mga kabataan.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}} Bahaygang isinapamantayan ang [[Hangul orthography|ortograpiya ng alpabetong Koreano]] noong 1912, kung kailan ang patinig ''arae'a'' ({{lang|ko|ㆍ|nocat=yes}}) – na nawala na sa Koreano – ay naging limitado sa mga [[Sino-Korean vocabulary|Sino-Koreanong]] ugat: isinapamantayan ang mga [[Emphatic consonant|enpatikang katinig]] para maging {{lang|ko|ㅺ, ㅼ, ㅽ, ㅆ, ㅾ|nocat=yes}} at naging limitado ang huling katinig sa {{lang|ko|ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㄺ, ㄻ, ㄼ|nocat=yes}}. Minarkahan ang mga [[Long vowels|mahabang pantig]] ng tuldik-tuldok sa kaliwa ng pantig, ngunit tinanggal ito noong 1921.<ref name="Pratt" /> Nagkaroon ng ikalawang repormang kolonyal noong 1930. Inalis ang ''arae-a'': ipinalit ang mga enpatikang katinig sa {{lang|ko|ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ|nocat=yes}} at pinayag ang mas maraming huling katinig {{lang|ko|ㄷ, ㅈ, ㅌ, ㅊ, ㅍ, ㄲ, ㄳ, ㄵ, ㄾ, ㄿ, ㅄ|nocat=yes}}, kaya naging mas [[Morphophonemic|morpoponemiko]] ang ortograpiya. Isinulat ang dobleng-katinig {{lang|ko|ㅆ|nocat=yes}} nang walang kasama (walang patinig) noong nagkaroon nito sa gitna ng mga pangngalan, at ang katagang palagyo {{lang|ko|-가|nocat=yes}} ay ipinakilala pagkatapos ng mga patinig na pumalit sa {{lang|ko|-이|nocat=yes}}.<ref name="Pratt" /> Itinayo ni [[Ju Si-gyeong]], ang dalubwikang umimbento ng salitang Hangul para pumalit sa ''Eonmun'' o "Sulat-Bulgar" noong 1912, ng Sosyedad ng Pananaliksik sa Wikang Koreano (kalaunang ipinangalan muli bilang [[Hangul Society|Sosyedad ng Hangul]]) na nagreporma pa ng ortograpiya sa pamamagitan ng ''Isinapamantayang Sistema ng Hangul'' noong 1933. Ang pangunahing pinabago ay para gawing mas praktikal sa aspetong morpoponemika hangga't maaari sa mga umiiral na titik.<ref name="Pratt" /> Inilathala ang isang sistema para sa [[Transcription into Korean|pagsasatitik ng banyagang ortograpiya]] noong 1940. Ipinagbawal ng mga Hapon ang wikang Koreano sa mga paaralan noong 1938 bilang bahagi ng patakaran sa [[Cultural assimilation|paglalagom ng kultura]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://enc.daum.net/dic100/viewContents.do?&m=all&articleID=b24h2804b|publisher=[[Daum (web portal)|Daum]] / [[Britannica]]|title=Hangul <span lang="ko">한글</span>|work=The modern and contemporary history of hangul (<span lang="ko">한글의 근·현대사</span>)|quote=<span lang="ko">1937년 7월 중일전쟁을 도발한 일본은 한민족 말살정책을 노골적으로 드러내, 1938년 4월에는 조선어과 폐지와 조선어 금지 및 일본어 상용을 강요했다.</span>|language=Korean|accessdate=2008-05-19}}</ref> at ipinagbawal din ang lahat ng mga publikasyon sa wikang Koreano noong 1941.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/krtoc.html|title=Under the Media|date=2011-03-22|publisher=Lcweb2.loc.gov|accessdate=2012-04-13}}</ref> === Higit pang reporma === [[Talaksan:전남대 정문 커피리나 2 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Kapihang Koreanong may Hangul]] Ang depinitibong makabagong ortograpiya ng alpabetong Koreano noong 1946, pagkatapos lang ng [[Korean independence|pagkamalaya ng Koreano]] mula sa pamumuno ng mga Hapon. Noong 1948, tinangka ng Hilagang Korea na gawing ganap na morpoponemiko sa padaragdag ng mga bagong titik, at noong 1953, sinubukan ni [[Syngman Rhee]] na payakin ang ortograpiya sa pagbalik sa ortograpiyang kolonyal noong 1921, ngunit inabandona ang dalwang reporma pagaktapos ng iilang taon.<ref name="Pratt" /> Nagamit ng [[Hilagang Korea]] at [[Timog Korea]] ang alpabetong Koreano o [[Korean mixed script|halong sulat]] bilang kanilang opisyal na sistema ng pagsault na may paunti nang paunting paggamit ng Hanja. Simula noong dekada 1970, nagsimulang humina nang unti-unti sa kakalaking at di-opisyal na sulat sa Timog dahil sa pakikialam ng gobyerno. Ginagamit na lang ngayon ng iilang Timog Koreanong dyaryo ang Hanja para sa mga pagdadaglat at paglilinaw ng mga kasintunog. Nagkaroon ng laganap na debate tungkol sa kinabukasan ng Hanja sa Timog Korea. Itinatag ng Hilagang Korea ang alpabetong Koreano bilang kanyang eksklusibong sistema ng pagsulat noong 1949, at ganap na ipinagbawal ang paggamit ng Hanja. === Kapanahong paggamit === [[Talaksan:State_Elementary_School_Karya_Baru.jpg|right|thumb|Isang elementaryong karatula ng paaralan sa [[Baubau]] na nakasulat sa alpabetong Latin at alpabetong Hangul.]] Samantalang pinapahayag ng Hilagang Korea at Timog Korea ang 99 porsyentong kanulatan, natuklas ng isang pagsusuri noong 2003 na 25 porsyento ng mga nakatatandang salinlahi sa Timog ay hindi gaanong nulat sa alpabetong Koreano.<ref>''[[The Hankyoreh]]''. [http://legacy.www.hani.co.kr/section-005000000/2003/10/005000000200310081936394.html {{lang|ko|어른 25% 한글 못써...정부대책 '까막눈'|nocat=yes}}] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905021350/http://legacy.www.hani.co.kr/section-005000000/2003/10/005000000200310081936394.html |date=2019-09-05 }}, October 8, 2003</ref> Tinatangka ng [[Hunminjeongeum Society|Sosyedad ng Hunminjeong'eum]] sa Seoul ang pagkalat ng alpabetong Koreano sa mga wikang di-nakasulat sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Linguistics Scholar Seeks to Globalize Korean Alphabet|newspaper=Korea Times|date=2008-10-15|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2009/07/178_32754.html}}</ref> Noong 2009, opisyal na tinanggap ang alpabetong Koreano sa bayan ng [[Baubau]], sa [[Southeast Sulawesi|Timog-silangang Sulawesi]], [[Indonesia|Indonesya]], upang masulat ang [[wikang Cia-Cia]].<ref name="Cia2">{{cite news|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2010/10/113_74114.html|title=Hangeul didn’t become Cia Cia’s official writing|newspaper=Korea Times|date=2010-10-06}}</ref><ref name="Cia">[http://www.france24.com/en/20090806-indonesian-tribe-use-korean-alphabet-scholar Indonesian tribe to use Korean alphabet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812024714/http://www.france24.com/en/20090806-indonesian-tribe-use-korean-alphabet-scholar|date=August 12, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Cia3">{{cite news|last=Si-soo|first=Park|title=Indonesian Tribe Picks Hangeul as Writing System|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/08/117_49729.html|newspaper=Korea Times|date=2009-08-06}}</ref> Lubusang napansin ng midya sa Timog Korea ang mga Indonesyong nananalita ng Cia-cia na bumisita sa Seoul. Nabati sila sa kanilang pagdating ni [[Oh Se-hoon]], ang [[Mayor of Seoul|alkalde ng Seoul]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Indonesian Tribe Learns to Write with Korean Alphabet|author=Kurt Achin|newspaper=Voice of America|date=29 January 2010|url=http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/asia/Indonesian-Tribe-Learns-to-Write-with-Korean-Alphabet-83029477.html|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-date=17 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117004601/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/asia/Indonesian-Tribe-Learns-to-Write-with-Korean-Alphabet-83029477.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nakumpirma noong Oktubre 2012 na nabigo ang mga tangka na ipalaganap ang paggamit ng alpabetong Koreano sa Indonesya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gov’t to correct textbook on Cia Cia|newspaper=Korea Times|date=2012-10-18|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/10/116_122584.html}}</ref> Ginagamit pa rin ng ilan ang alpabetong Koreano sa bahay o sa ko-opisyal na paraan. ==Palatitikan== Ang mga titik ng Hangul ay tinatawag na ''jamo'' (자모). May 19 mga [[katinig]] at 21 mga [[patinig]] na ginagamit sa makabagong Hangul. ===Mga katinig=== [[Talaksan:Hangul letters.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Mga titik ng Hangul at gabay sa pagbigkas. (Nakasulat ang mga paliwanag sa Ingles.)]] Ang mga sumusunod na katinig ay ginagamit sa makabagong Hangul: * 9 ordinaryong katinig: ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ * 5 panahunang katinig: ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ * 5 aspiradong katinig: ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ Ipinapakita ng talababa ang lahat ng 19 na mga katinig sa kaayusan ng alpabetikong Timog Koreano kasama ang mga katumbas na Binagong Romanisasyon sa bawat titik. Maaring mag-iba ang tunog ng mga katinig ng Hangul depende kung sila'y una o huling titik sa isang pantig. Ilang mga katinig ay nakikota lamang sa una o huling puwesto sa isang pantig. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Mga titik (Binagong Romanisasyon) |ㄱ |ㄲ |ㄴ |ㄷ |ㄸ |ㄹ |ㅁ |ㅂ |ㅃ |ㅅ |ㅆ |ㅇ |ㅈ |ㅉ |ㅊ |ㅋ |ㅌ |ㅍ |ㅎ |- ! colspan="2" |Una/Simula |''g'' |''kk'' |''n'' |''d'' |''tt'' |''r'' |''m'' |''b'' |''pp'' |''s'' |''ss'' |(walang tunog) |''j'' |''jj'' |''ch'' |''k'' |''t'' |''p'' |''h'' |- ! colspan="2" |Huli* |''k'' |''k'' |''n'' |''t'' |– |''l'' |''m'' |''p'' |– |''t'' |''t'' |''ng'' |''t'' |– |''t'' |''k'' |''t'' |''p'' |''h'' |- ! colspan="21" |Paglagom: pagsasama-sama sa pagitan ng ''<u>naunang huling titik ng salita* (itaas na hilera)</u>'' binibigkas bilang + ''<u>susunod na unang titik ng salita** (ibabang hilera)</u>'' binibigkas bilang: (e.g. 강루 - kang+ru = kang+<u>''nu''</u>, 있어 - iss+eo = is''-s<u>eo</u>'', -합니다 - -hap+ni+da = -''<u>ham</u>''-ni-da) |- ! rowspan="10" |Susunod na unang titik ng salita** !ㅇ(ng) |''g'' |''kk+h'' |''n'' |''t'' |''-'' |''r'' |''m'' |''p'' |''-'' |''s'' |''ss'' |''ng+h'' |''t+ch'' |''-'' |''t+ch'' |''k+h'' |''t+h'' |''p+h'' |''h'' |- !ㅎ(h) |''k'' |''kk+h'' |''h'' |''t'' |''-'' |''l'' |''h'' |''p'' |''-'' |''t'' |''-'' |''n'' |''t'' |''-'' |''t'' |''k'' |''t'' |''p'' |''-'' |- !ㄱ(k) |''k+k'' | |''n+g'' |''t+g'' |''-'' |''l+g'' |''m+g'' |''b+g'' |''-'' |''t+g'' |''-'' |''ng+g'' |''t+g'' |''-'' |''t+g'' | |''t+g'' |''p+g'' |''h+k'' |- !ㄴ(n) |''g+n'' | | | |''-'' |''l+n'' |''m+n'' |''m+n'' |''-'' |''t+n'' |''n+n'' |''ng+n'' |''t+n'' |''-'' |''t+n'' | |''t+n'' |''p+n'' |''h+n'' |- !ㄷ(d) |''k+d'' | |''n+d'' |''t+t'' |''-'' |''l+d'' |''m+d'' |''p+d'' |''-'' |''t+t'' |''t+t'' |''ng+d'' |''t+t'' |''-'' |''t+t'' |''k+d'' |''t+t'' |''p+d'' |''h+t'' |- !ㄹ(r) |''g+n'' | |''l+l'' | |''-'' |''l+l'' |''m+n'' |''m+n'' |''-'' | |''-'' |''ng+n'' | |''-'' | | | | |''r'' |- !ㅁ(m) |''g+m'' | |''n+m'' |''t+m'' |''-'' |''l+m'' |''m+m'' |''m+m'' |''-'' |''t+m'' |''-'' |''ng+m'' |''t+m'' |''-'' |''t+m'' |''k+d'' |''t+m'' |''p+m'' |''h+m'' |- !ㄹ|ㅂ(b) |''g+b'' | | | |''-'' | | |''p+p'' |''-'' |''t+b'' |''-'' | | |''-'' | | | | | |- !ㅅ (s) | | | | | | | | | | | - | | |''t+ch'' | | | | | |- !ㅈ(j) | | | | | | | | | | |''t+ch'' | | | | | | | | |} Ang mga katinig ng Hangul ay maaring pagsamahin sa 11 kumpol na mga katinig na palaging lumalabas sa huling puwesto ng isang pantig. Ito ay ang mga: ㄳ, ㄵ, ㄶ, ㄺ, ㄻ, ㄼ, ㄽ, ㄾ, ㄿ, ㅀ, and ㅄ. ===Mga patinig=== Ipinapakita ng talababa ang 21 mga patinig na ginagamit sa makabagong Hangul sa kaayusan ng Timog Koreanong alpabeto kasama ang mga katumbas sa Binagong Romanisasayon para sa bawat titik. Hindi magkasundo ang mga lingguwistika sa bilang ng mga [[ponema]] laban sa mga [[diptonggo|kambal-katinig]] sa mga patinig ng Hangul.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Handbook of Korean Linguistics|last=Brown|first=Lucien|last2=Yeon|first2=Jaehoon|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2015|isbn=1118370937|location=|pages=|language=Ingles}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Mga titik |ㅏ |ㅐ |ㅑ |ㅒ |ㅓ |ㅔ |ㅕ |ㅖ |ㅗ |ㅘ |ㅙ |ㅚ |ㅛ |ㅜ |ㅝ |ㅞ |ㅟ |ㅠ |ㅡ |ㅢ |ㅣ |- !Binagong Romanisasyon |''a'' |''ae'' |''ya'' |''yae'' |''eo'' |''e'' |''yeo'' |''ye'' |''o'' |''wa'' |''wae'' |''oe'' |''yo'' |''u'' |''wo'' |''we'' |''wi'' |''yu'' |''eu'' |''ui'' |''i'' |- !Natatanging kaso ng ㅅ(s) sa pagbigkas | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |시 ''sh''i (hindi "''s''i") |} == Talababa == <references group="note" /> == Mga sanggunian == {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga alpabeto]] [[Kategorya:Korea]] [[Kategorya:Wikang Koreano]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Mga padron na ginamit sa 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