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Chattaraj</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ujjal Chattaraj"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ujjal Chattaraj"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Ujjal Chattaraj"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ujjal Chattaraj</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Empirical Study and Modelling of Three-Dimensional Pedestrian Flow in Railway Foot-Over-Bridge Stair</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjal%20Chattaraj">Ujjal Chattaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Raviteja"> M. Raviteja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaitanya%20Aemala"> Chaitanya Aemala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the years vehicular traffic has been given priority over pedestrian traffic. With the increase of population in cities, pedestrian traffic is increasing day by day. Pedestrian safety has become a matter of concern for the Traffic Engineers. Pedestrian comfort is primary important for the Engineers who design different pedestrian facilities. Pedestrian comfort and safety can be measured in terms of different level of service (LOS) of the facilities. In this study video data on pedestrian movement have been collected from different railway foot over bridges (FOB) in India. The level of service of those facilities has been analyzed. A cellular automata based model has been formulated to mimic the route choice behaviour of the pedestrians on the foot over bridges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata%20model" title="cellular automata model">cellular automata model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20over%20bridge" title=" foot over bridge"> foot over bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20of%20service" title=" level of service"> level of service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian" title=" pedestrian"> pedestrian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54466/empirical-study-and-modelling-of-three-dimensional-pedestrian-flow-in-railway-foot-over-bridge-stair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Prevention of Road Accidents by Computerized Drowsiness Detection System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjal%20Chattaraj">Ujjal Chattaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20C.%20Dasbebartta"> P. C. Dasbebartta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bhuyan"> S. Bhuyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to propose a method to detect the action of the driver’s eyes, using the concept of face detection. There are three major key contributing methods which can rapidly process the framework of the facial image and hence produce results which further can program the reactions of the vehicles as pre-programmed for the traffic safety. This paper compares and analyses the methods on the basis of their reaction time and their ability to deal with fluctuating images of the driver. The program used in this study is simple and efficient, built using the AdaBoost learning algorithm. Through this program, the system would be able to discard background regions and focus on the face-like regions. The results are analyzed on a common computer which makes it feasible for the end users. The application domain of this experiment is quite wide, such as detection of drowsiness or influence of alcohols in drivers or detection for the case of identification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AdaBoost%20learning%20algorithm" title="AdaBoost learning algorithm">AdaBoost learning algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20detection" title=" face detection"> face detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20safety" title=" traffic safety"> traffic safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97960/prevention-of-road-accidents-by-computerized-drowsiness-detection-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Temperature Susceptibility for Optimal Biogas Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjal%20Chattaraj">Ujjal Chattaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pbharat%20Saikumar"> Pbharat Saikumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thinley%20Dorji"> Thinley Dorji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Earth is going to be a planet where no further life can sustain if people continue to pollute the environment. We need energy and fuels everyday for heating and lighting purposes in our life. It’s high time we know this problem and take measures at-least to reduce pollution and take alternative measures for everyday livelihood. Biogas is one of them. It is very essential to define and control the parameters for optimization of biogas production. Biogas plants can be made of different size, but it is very vital to make a biogas which will be cost effective, with greater efficiency (more production) and biogas plants that will sustain for a longer period of time for usage. In this research, experiments were carried out only on cow dung and Chicken manure depending on the substrates people out there (Bhutan) used. The experiment was done within 25 days and was tested for different temperatures and found out which produce more amount. Moreover, it was also statistically tested for their dependency and non-dependency which gave clear idea more on their production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digester" title="digester">digester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesophilic%20temperature" title=" mesophilic temperature"> mesophilic temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20manure" title=" organic manure"> organic manure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermophilic%20temperature" title=" thermophilic temperature"> thermophilic temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=t-test" title=" t-test"> t-test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54436/temperature-susceptibility-for-optimal-biogas-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Fuzzy Inference Based Modelling of Perception Reaction Time of Drivers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Chattaraj">U. Chattaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Dhusiya"> K. Dhusiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Raviteja"> M. Raviteja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perception reaction time of drivers is an outcome of human thought process, which is vague and approximate in nature and also varies from driver to driver. So, in this study a fuzzy logic based model for prediction of the same has been presented, which seems suitable. The control factors, like, age, experience, intensity of driving of the driver, speed of the vehicle and distance of stimulus have been considered as premise variables in the model, in which the perception reaction time is the consequence variable. Results show that the model is able to explain the impacts of the control factors on perception reaction time properly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driver" title="driver">driver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception%20reaction%20time" title=" perception reaction time"> perception reaction time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premise%20variable" title=" premise variable"> premise variable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54324/fuzzy-inference-based-modelling-of-perception-reaction-time-of-drivers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> A Concept for Design of Road Super-Elevation Based on Horizontal Radius, Vertical Gradient and Accident Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Chattaraj">U. Chattaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Meena"> D. Meena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Growth of traffic brings various negative effects, such as road accidents. To avoid such problems, a model is developed for the purpose of highway safety. In such areas, fuzzy logic is the most well-known simulation in the larger field. A model is accomplished for hilly and steep terrain based on Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), for which output is super elevation and input data is horizontal radius, vertical gradient, accident rate (AR). This result shows that the system can be efficaciously applied as for highway safety tool distinguishing hazards components correlated to the characteristics of the highway and has a great influence to the making of decision for accident precaution in transportation models. From this model, a positive relationship between geometric elements, accident rate, and super elevation is also identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accident%20rate" title="accident rate">accident rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20inference%20system" title=" fuzzy inference system"> fuzzy inference system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient" title=" gradient"> gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radius" title=" radius"> radius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super%20elevation" title=" super elevation"> super elevation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97961/a-concept-for-design-of-road-super-elevation-based-on-horizontal-radius-vertical-gradient-and-accident-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Dual Role of Microalgae: Carbon Dioxide Capture Nutrients Removal </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Shurair">Mohamad Shurair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fares%20Almomani"> Fares Almomani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Judd"> Simon Judd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Bhosale"> Rahul Bhosale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anand%20Kumar"> Anand Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjal%20Gosh"> Ujjal Gosh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study evaluated the use of mixed indigenous microalgae (MIMA) as a treatment process for wastewaters and CO2 capturing technology at different temperatures. The study follows the growth rate of MIMA, removals of organic matter, removal of nutrients from synthetic wastewater and its effectiveness as CO2 capturing technology from flue gas. A noticeable difference between the growth patterns of MIMA was observed at different CO2 and different operational temperatures. MIMA showed the highest growth grate when injected with CO2 dosage of 10% and limited growth was observed for the systems injected with 5% and 15 % of CO2 at 30 ◦C. Ammonia and phosphorus removals for Spirulina were 69%, 75%, and 83%, and 20%, 45%, and 75% for the media injected with 0, 5 and 10% CO2. The results of this study show that simple and cost-effective microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems can be successfully employed at different temperatures as a successful CO2 capturing technology even with the small probability of inhibition at high temperatures <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse" title="greenhouse">greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20capturing" title=" CO2 capturing"> CO2 capturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20algae" title=" green algae "> green algae </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58762/dual-role-of-microalgae-carbon-dioxide-capture-nutrients-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Treatment of Septic Tank Effluent Using Moving Bed Biological Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fares%20Almomani">Fares Almomani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majeda%20Khraisheh"> Majeda Khraisheh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20%20Bhosale"> Rahul Bhosale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anand%20Kumar"> Anand Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjal%20Gosh"> Ujjal Gosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Septic tanks (STs) are very commonly used wastewater collection systems in the world especially in rural areas. In this study, the use of moving bed biological reactors (MBBR) for the treatment of septic tanks effluents (STE) was studied. The study was included treating septic tank effluent from one house hold using MBBRs. Significant ammonia removal rate was observed in all the reactors throughout the 180 days of operation suggesting that the MBBRs were successful in reducing the concentration of ammonia from septic tank effluent. The average ammonia removal rate at 25◦C for the reactor operated at hydraulic retention time of 5.7 hr (R1) was 0.540 kg-N/m3and for the reactor operated at hydraulic retention time of 13.3hr (R2) was 0.279 kg-N/m3. Ammonia removal rates were decreased to 0.3208 kg-N/m3 for R1 and 0.212 kg-N/m3 for R3 as the temperature of reactor was decreased to 8 ◦C. A strong correlation exists between theta model and the rates of ammonia removal for the reactors operated in continuous flow. The average ϴ values for the continuous flow reactors during the temperature change from 8°C to 20 °C were found to be 1.053±0.051. MBBR technology can be successfully used as a polishing treatment for septic tank effluent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=septic%20tanks" title="septic tanks">septic tanks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title=" wastewater treatment"> wastewater treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20biological%20reactors" title=" moving biological reactors"> moving biological reactors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrification" title=" nitrification"> nitrification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58765/treatment-of-septic-tank-effluent-using-moving-bed-biological-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Enhancing Postharvest Quality and Shelf-Life of Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by Altering Growing Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Soo%20Lee">Jung-Soo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjal%20Kumar%20Nath"> Ujjal Kumar Nath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IllSup%20Nou"> IllSup Nou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dulal%20Chandra"> Dulal Chandra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leaf lettuce is one of the most important leafy vegetables that is used as raw for salad and part of everyday dishes in many parts of the world including Asian countries. Since it is used as fresh, its quality maintenance is crucial which depends on several pre- and postharvest factors. In order to investigate the effects of pre-fix factors on the postharvest quality, the interaction of pre-fix factors such as growing conditions and fixed factor like cultivars were evaluated. Four Korean leaf lettuce cultivars ‘Cheongchima’, ‘Cheongchuckmyeon’, ‘Geockchima’ and ‘Geockchuckmyeon’ were grown under natural condition (as control) and altered growing condition (green house) with excess soil water and 50% shading to monitor their postharvest qualities. Several growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf thickness, fresh biomass yield as well as postharvest qualities like fresh weight loss, respiration rate, changes in color and shelf-life were measured in lettuce during storage up to 36 days at 5°C. Plant height and the number of leaves were affected by both pre-fix growing conditions as well as the cultivars. However, fresh biomass yield was affected by only growing condition, whereas leaf thickness was affected by cultivars. Additionally, the degrees of fresh weight loss and respiration rate of leaf lettuce at postharvest stages were influenced by pre-fix growing conditions and cultivars. However, changes in color of leaves during storage were less remarkable in samples harvested from of ‘Cheongchima’ and ‘Cheongchuckmyeon’ cultivars grown in excess watering with 50% shade than that grown in control condition. Consequently, these two cultivars also showed longer shelf-life when they were grown in excess watering with 50% shade than other cultivars or samples were grown in control condition. Based on the measured parameters, it can be concluded that postharvest quality of leaf lettuce might be accelerated by growing lettuce under excess soil water with 50% shading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivar" title="cultivar">cultivar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growing%20condition" title=" growing condition"> growing condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20lettuce" title=" leaf lettuce"> leaf lettuce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postharvest%20quality" title=" postharvest quality"> postharvest quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf-life" title=" shelf-life "> shelf-life </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71335/enhancing-postharvest-quality-and-shelf-life-of-leaf-lettuce-lactuca-sativa-l-by-altering-growing-conditions" class="btn 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