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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French teacher</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Madeleine Michelis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Madeleine_Michelis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Madeleine_Michelis.jpg/200px-Madeleine_Michelis.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Madeleine_Michelis.jpg/300px-Madeleine_Michelis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Madeleine_Michelis.jpg/400px-Madeleine_Michelis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Michelis</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1913-08-22</span>)</span>22 August 1913<br /><a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">15 February 1944<span style="display:none">(1944-02-15)</span> (aged 30)<br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1940–1944</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille de la Résistance">Médaille de la Résistance</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1939-1945" class="mw-redirect" title="Croix de guerre 1939-1945">Croix de guerre 1939-1945</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Freedom_(1945)" title="Medal of Freedom (1945)">Medal of Freedom</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" 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Among the Nations">Righteous<br />Among the Nations</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Righteous_Among_the_Nations_medal_simplified.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Righteous_Among_the_Nations_medal_simplified.svg/150px-Righteous_Among_the_Nations_medal_simplified.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Righteous_Among_the_Nations_medal_simplified.svg/225px-Righteous_Among_the_Nations_medal_simplified.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Righteous_Among_the_Nations_medal_simplified.svg/300px-Righteous_Among_the_Nations_medal_simplified.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="229" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_Jews_during_the_Holocaust" title="Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust">Rescuers of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteousness" title="Righteousness">Righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah" title="Seven Laws of Noah">Seven Laws of Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Righteous_Among_the_Nations_by_country" title="List of Righteous Among the Nations by country">By country</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Austrian_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="List of Austrian Righteous Among the Nations">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="List of Croatian Righteous Among the Nations">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Czech_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="List of Czech Righteous Among the Nations">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="List of German Righteous Among the Nations">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hungarian Righteous Among the Nations">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="List of Lithuanian Righteous Among the Nations">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="List of Norwegian Righteous Among the Nations">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Polish Righteous Among the Nations">Polish</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="List of Polish Righteous Among the Nations">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Romanian Righteous Among the Nations">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Serbian Righteous Among the Nations">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ukrainian_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="List of Ukrainian Righteous Among the Nations">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Template:Righteous Among the Nations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Template talk:Righteous Among the Nations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Righteous Among the Nations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Madeleine Michelis</b> (22 August 1913 – 15 or 16 February 1944) was a French teacher and a member of the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeleine_Michelis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Michelis was born in <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>; her father was an Italian cobbler and her mother, a governess, was from <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, her parents having left the region in the 1870s in order to retain French nationality. Her brother, Jean, was four years her junior.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was educated first at the local girls' school, then at the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Condorcet" title="Lycée Condorcet">Lycée Condorcet</a> in Paris and finally at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_jeunes_filles" title="École normale supérieure de jeunes filles">École normale supérieure de jeunes filles</a> at <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vres" title="Sèvres">Sèvres</a>. She was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Jeunesse_%C3%89tudiante_Chr%C3%A9tienne" title="Jeunesse Étudiante Chrétienne">Jeunesse Étudiante Chrétienne</a>, a Christian youth organisation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wartime_activities">Wartime activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeleine_Michelis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wartime activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Her first teaching post was at the Lycée de jeunes filles at <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">le Havre</a>, but she was forced to leave in 1940 because of the bombing. She was transferred to the Lycée Victor Duruy in Paris, and subsequently to the Lycée d’État de Jeunes Filles d'Amiens,<sup id="cite_ref-Musée_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musée-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later renamed the Lycée Madeleine Michelis d'Amiens in her honour. In 1942, she gave shelter to a Jewish girl, Claude Dalsace, whose father had been deported; Michelis managed to get her to safety in the "zone libre". </p><p>As a member of the <a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration-Nord" title="Libération-Nord">Libération-Nord</a> and the "Shelburn" network, Michelis was involved in the rescue of airmen and escaped prisoners who found their way to the countryside of Picardy. It was for her actions in the period between November 1943 and February 1944 that she was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Freedom_(1945)" title="Medal of Freedom (1945)">Medal of Freedom</a> by the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Musée_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musée-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was arrested at Amiens railway station on 12 February 1944 and taken to the Gestapo headquarters at the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Montaigne_(Paris)" title="Lycée Montaigne (Paris)">Lycée Montaigne</a> in Paris for questioning. The official version of her death given by her superiors in the Resistance was that she had committed suicide on 15 February rather than face further interrogation. Two other teachers arrested at around the same time, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Pierre" title="Thérèse Pierre">Thérèse Pierre</a> and Suzanne Blin, also died while under arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-Stern1947_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern1947-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tortures inflicted on her included <a href="/wiki/Waterboarding" title="Waterboarding">waterboarding</a>. On 15 February, she told other prisoners that she had been placed in an icy bath and could not warm up afterwards. Some stated that, the next day, she was again taken for interrogation; she was never seen alive again.<sup id="cite_ref-jl_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet another version of her death was given by General <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> in her medal citation: that she was strangled by her captors.<sup id="cite_ref-Musée_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musée-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Cr%C3%A9mieux-Brilhac" title="Jean-Louis Crémieux-Brilhac">Jean-Louis Crémieux-Brilhac</a>, a member of the Free French Forces, stated that he was notified of this by <a href="/wiki/Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegram">telegram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeleine_Michelis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state of Israel posthumously conferred on her the title of Righteous Among the Nations, on 24 November 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Musée_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musée-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Streets in Paris and her home town of Neuilly-sur-Seine have been named Rue Madeleine Michelis in her honour. Letters written by Michelis are now held by the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_d%27histoire_du_temps_pr%C3%A9sent" class="extiw" title="fr:Institut d'histoire du temps présent">Institut d'histoire du temps présent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A high school in <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens, France</a> (Lycée Madeleine Michelis) is named after her.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeleine_Michelis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMadeleine_Michelis2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Madeleine Michelis (January 2015). <i>Correspondance d' avant guerre et de guerre, preface by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Cr%C3%A9mieux-Brilhac" title="Jean-Louis Crémieux-Brilhac">Jean-Louis Crémieux-Brilhac</a></i> (in French). Paris: éditions du Félin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-86645-823-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-86645-823-2"><bdi>978-2-86645-823-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Correspondance+d%27+avant+guerre+et+de+guerre%2C+preface+by+Jean-Louis+Cr%C3%A9mieux-Brilhac&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%A9ditions+du+F%C3%A9lin&rft.date=2015-01&rft.isbn=978-2-86645-823-2&rft.au=Madeleine+Michelis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeleine+Michelis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Musée-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Musée_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musée_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musée_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musée_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museedelaresistanceenligne.org/media2337-Madeleine-Michelis">"Madeleine Michelis"</a>. <i>Musée de la Résistance en ligne</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mus%C3%A9e+de+la+R%C3%A9sistance+en+ligne&rft.atitle=Madeleine+Michelis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseedelaresistanceenligne.org%2Fmedia2337-Madeleine-Michelis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeleine+Michelis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stern1947-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stern1947_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernhard_Joseph_Stern1947" class="citation book cs1">Bernhard Joseph Stern (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b1IUAAAAIAAJ"><i>Science and Society</i></a>. Science and Society, Incorporated.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Society&rft.pub=Science+and+Society%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1947&rft.au=Bernhard+Joseph+Stern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db1IUAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeleine+Michelis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jl-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jl_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Lejosne,_Jackie_et_Françoise_Fusillier2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jacques Lejosne, Jackie et Françoise Fusillier (2012). <i>1940-Amiens-1944 Dans les griffes de la Gestapo</i> (in French). Amiens.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1940-Amiens-1944+Dans+les+griffes+de+la+Gestapo&rft.place=Amiens&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Jacques+Lejosne%2C+Jackie+et+Fran%C3%A7oise+Fusillier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeleine+Michelis" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean-Louis_Crémieux-Brilhac2016" class="citation book cs1">Jean-Louis Crémieux-Brilhac (2016-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=paW9CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT109"><i>L'Étrange victoire. De la défense de la République à la libération de la France</i></a>. Editions Gallimard. pp. 109–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-07-265822-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-07-265822-8"><bdi>978-2-07-265822-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27%C3%89trange+victoire.+De+la+d%C3%A9fense+de+la+R%C3%A9publique+%C3%A0+la+lib%C3%A9ration+de+la+France&rft.pages=109-&rft.pub=Editions+Gallimard&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.isbn=978-2-07-265822-8&rft.au=Jean-Louis+Cr%C3%A9mieux-Brilhac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpaW9CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeleine+Michelis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGérald_Maisse2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gérald Maisse (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HvJnAAAAMAAJ"><i>Occupation et résistance dans la Somme, 1940-1944</i></a> (in French). F. Paillart.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Occupation+et+r%C3%A9sistance+dans+la+Somme%2C+1940-1944&rft.pub=F.+Paillart&rft.date=2005&rft.au=G%C3%A9rald+Maisse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHvJnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeleine+Michelis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michelis.lyc.ac-amiens.fr/Le-lycee-doit-son-nom-a-Madeleine.html">"Le lycée doit son nom à Madeleine Michelis"</a> [The high school owes its name to Madeleine Michelis]. <i>Lycée Madeleine Michelis</i> (in French). 4 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lyc%C3%A9e+Madeleine+Michelis&rft.atitle=Le+lyc%C3%A9e+doit+son+nom+%C3%A0+Madeleine+Michelis&rft.date=2013-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmichelis.lyc.ac-amiens.fr%2FLe-lycee-doit-son-nom-a-Madeleine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeleine+Michelis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeleine_Michelis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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