CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>List of classical and art music traditions - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2c060b51-7a82-42f9-8549-6ad7deb52a4b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions","wgTitle":"List of classical and art music traditions","wgCurRevisionId":1222103980,"wgRevisionId":1222103980,"wgArticleId":403674,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from December 2021","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021","Lists of music genres","Classical and art music traditions"],"wgPageViewLanguage" :"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions","wgRelevantArticleId":403674,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q17013229","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="List of classical and art music traditions - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions rootpage-List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Southeast Asian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Indic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>East Asian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>European</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Eastern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Eastern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Middle Eastern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Eastern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sub-Saharan_African" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-Saharan_African"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sub-Saharan African</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-Saharan_African-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syncretic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syncretic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Syncretic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syncretic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of classical and art music traditions</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الموسيقى الكلاسيكيه والفنيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الموسيقى الكلاسيكيه والفنيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17013229#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&oldid=1222103980" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&id=1222103980&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17013229" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> <b>"Classical music"</b> and <b>"<a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">art music</a>"</b> are terms that have been used to refer to music of different cultural origins and traditions. Such traditions often date to a period regarded as the "golden age" of music for a particular culture. </p><p>The following tables list music styles from throughout the world and the period in history when that tradition was developed: </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Southeast_Asian">Southeast Asian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Southeast Asian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Music of Southeast Asia">Music of Southeast Asia</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="30%">Style </th> <th width="35%">Earliest historical period </th> <th width="35%">Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="middle"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Gamelan</a></b> </td> <td>At least 8th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pinpeat" title="Pinpeat">Pinpeat</a></b> </td> <td>At least 6th century AD.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mahori" title="Mahori">Mahori</a></b> </td> <td>At least 14th century AD.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Piphat" title="Piphat">Piphat</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pinphat" title="Pinphat">Pinphat</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indic">Indic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Indic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Style </th> <th>Earliest historical period </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></b> </td> <td>At least 6th century AD (as Indian classical music), split from <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">Hindustani classical music</a> in the 16th and 17th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Subramaniam1999_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subramaniam1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 249">: 249 </span></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">Hindustani classical music</a></b> </td> <td>At least 6th century AD (as Indian classical music), split from <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a> in the 16th and 17th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Subramaniam1999_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subramaniam1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDace1963249_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDace1963249-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="middle"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Klasik" title="Klasik">Klasik</a></b> </td> <td>At least 6th century AD (as Indian and Hindustani classical music), split from <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">Hindustani classical music</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1860</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDace1963249_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDace1963249-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hindustani_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindustani-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The classical tradition of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, ultimately a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">Hindustani classical music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindustani_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindustani-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Developed in the 19th century by Indian musicians in Afghan courts.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindustani_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindustani-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with Hindustani music theory and instruments, Afghan classical music also uses local Pashtun elements, especially in its performance practices.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindustani_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindustani-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Odissi_music" title="Odissi music">Odissi music</a></b> </td> <td>At least 6th century AD.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="East_Asian">East Asian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: East Asian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian cultural sphere</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="30%">Style </th> <th width="35%">Earliest historical period </th> <th width="35%">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nanguan_music" title="Nanguan music">Nanguan music</a></b> </td> <td>At least 14th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Gagaku</a></b> </td> <td>6th century CE.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Jeongak" title="Jeongak">Jeongak</a></b> </td> <td>5th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A3_nh%E1%BA%A1c" title="Nhã nhạc">Nhã nhạc</a></b> </td> <td>13th century CE.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Yayue" title="Yayue">Yayue</a></b> </td> <td>At least 2nd century BCE.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European">European</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: European"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Europe">Music of Europe</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="30%">Style </th> <th width="35%">Earliest historical period </th> <th width="35%">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a></b> </td> <td>4th century AD.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pibroch" title="Pibroch">Pibroch</a></b> </td> <td>At least the 17th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="middle"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Western classical music</a></b> </td> <td>6th century AD.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_Eastern">Middle Eastern</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Middle Eastern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_music" title="Middle Eastern music">Middle Eastern music</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Style </th> <th>Earliest historical period </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="middle"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music"> Persian classical music</a></b> </td> <td>At least 3rd century AD, with drastic changes in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-EI-mhphi_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI-mhphi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="middle"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Arabic_music#Sacred_and_Art_music" title="Arabic music"> Arabic classical music</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="middle"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Andalusi_classical_music" title="Andalusi classical music">Andalusi classical music</a></b> </td> <td>9th century AD.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>Likely practiced since the early 9th century, the musical tradition of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> is notable for spreading <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North African</a> musical instruments to <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, where they would become staple instruments of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Western tradition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now practiced in North Africa in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Andalusi_nubah" title="Andalusi nubah">Andalusi nubah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this tradition has also had considerable effect on <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_music" title="Ottoman music">Ottoman classical music</a>, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_music" title="Sephardic music">Sephardic romance and <i>Maftirim</i> repertoire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="middle"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_music" title="Ottoman music"> Ottoman classical music</a></b> </td> <td>At least 3rd century AD (as Persian traditional music), emerged as a unique tradition in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-EI-mhphi_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI-mhphi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Now known as Turkish Art Music or Turkish Classical Music </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="middle"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Shashmaqam" title="Shashmaqam">Shashmaqam</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sub-Saharan_African">Sub-Saharan African</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sub-Saharan African"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="30%">Style </th> <th width="35%">Earliest historical period </th> <th width="35%">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Griot" title="Griot">Griot</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td>The tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Djeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Djeli">djeli</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syncretic">Syncretic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Syncretic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Style </th> <th>Earliest historical period </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/American_gamelan" title="American gamelan">American gamelan</a></b> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1960</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81g%C4%ABta" title="Mahāgīta">Mahāgīta</a></b> </td> <td>16th or 17th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The classical tradition of Burma seems to have begun around the late <a href="/wiki/Toungoo_dynasty" title="Toungoo dynasty">Toungoo period</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an expansion of Western-influenced repertoire during the colonial period.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Organized into various forms based on tuning systems, melodic structure, rhythmic patterns and performance conventions, commonly played genres include the <i>kyo</i>, <i>bwe</i>, and <i><span title="Burmese-language romanization"><i lang="my-Latn">thachingan</i></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-gamelan-195131">"Learn the History Behind Gamelan, Indonesian Music and Dance"</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft.atitle=Learn+the+History+Behind+Gamelan%2C+Indonesian+Music+and+Dance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fhistory-of-gamelan-195131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Subramaniam1999-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Subramaniam1999_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Subramaniam1999_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubramaniam1999" class="citation journal cs1">Subramaniam, L. (1999). "The reinvention of a tradition: Nationalism, Carnatic music and the Madras Music Academy, 1900–1947". <i>Indian Economic & Social History Review</i>. <b>36</b> (2): 131–163. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001946469903600201">10.1177/001946469903600201</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144368744">144368744</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Economic+%26+Social+History+Review&rft.atitle=The+reinvention+of+a+tradition%3A+Nationalism%2C+Carnatic+music+and+the+Madras+Music+Academy%2C+1900%E2%80%931947&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-163&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F001946469903600201&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144368744%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Subramaniam&rft.aufirst=L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDace1963" class="citation journal cs1">Dace, Wallace (1963). "The Concept of "Rasa" in Sanskrit Dramatic Theory". <i>Educational Theatre Journal</i>. <b>15</b> (3): 249–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3204783">10.2307/3204783</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3204783">3204783</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Educational+Theatre+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+%22Rasa%22+in+Sanskrit+Dramatic+Theory&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=249-254&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3204783&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3204783%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Dace&rft.aufirst=Wallace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDace1963249-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDace1963249_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDace1963249_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDace1963">Dace 1963</a>, p. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hindustani-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hindustani_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hindustani_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hindustani_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hindustani_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Doubleday, pg. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThrasher2008" class="citation book cs1">Thrasher, Alan Robert (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_4G1JwZdl_MC&pg=PA12"><i>Sizhu Instrumental Music of South China: Ethos, Theory and Practice</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16500-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16500-7"><bdi>978-90-04-16500-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sizhu+Instrumental+Music+of+South+China%3A+Ethos%2C+Theory+and+Practice&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16500-7&rft.aulast=Thrasher&rft.aufirst=Alan+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_4G1JwZdl_MC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/">"향악(鄕樂)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.atitle=%ED%96%A5%EC%95%85%28%E9%84%95%E6%A8%82%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haddow, Alexander John (1982, 2003). <i>The History and Structure of Ceol Mor – A Guide to Piobaireachd The Classical Music of the Great Highland Bagpipe.</i> Glasgow: The Piobaireachd Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI-mhphi-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI-mhphi_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI-mhphi_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawergren2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lawergren, Bo (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/music-history-i-pre-islamic-iran">"MUSIC HISTORY"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i> (online ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MUSIC+HISTORY&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.edition=online&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Lawergren&rft.aufirst=Bo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fmusic-history-i-pre-islamic-iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:32_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldman2015" class="citation book cs1">Feldman, Walter (2015). "The Musical 'Renaissance' of Late Seventeenth Century Ottoman Turkey: Reflections on the Musical Materials of Ali Ufkî Bey (ca. 1610–1675), Hâfiz Post (d. 1694) and the 'Marâghî' Repertoire". In Greve, Martin (ed.). <i>Writing the History of "Ottoman Music"</i>. Ergon. pp. 87–138. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5771%2F9783956507038-87">10.5771/9783956507038-87</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-95650-703-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-95650-703-8"><bdi>978-3-95650-703-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Musical+%27Renaissance%27+of+Late+Seventeenth+Century+Ottoman+Turkey%3A+Reflections+on+the+Musical+Materials+of+Ali+Ufk%C3%AE+Bey+%28ca.+1610%E2%80%931675%29%2C+H%C3%A2fiz+Post+%28d.+1694%29+and+the+%27Mar%C3%A2gh%C3%AE%27+Repertoire&rft.btitle=Writing+the+History+of+%22Ottoman+Music%22&rft.pages=87-138&rft.pub=Ergon&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5771%2F9783956507038-87&rft.isbn=978-3-95650-703-8&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Farmer" title="Henry George Farmer">Farmer, Henry George</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OTsTS87nBgAC"><i>Historical Facts for the Arabian Musical Influence</i></a>. Ayer Publishing. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-405-08496-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-405-08496-6"><bdi>978-0-405-08496-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Facts+for+the+Arabian+Musical+Influence&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-405-08496-6&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Henry+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOTsTS87nBgAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaría_Rosa_MenocalRaymond_P._ScheindlinMichael_Sells2000" class="citation book cs1">María Rosa Menocal; Raymond P. Scheindlin; Michael Sells, eds. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u5AVpiscx7YC"><i>The Literature of Al-Andalus</i></a>. The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature 5, series edited by Alfred Felix and Landon Beeston. Cambridge University Press. pp. 72–73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-47159-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-47159-6"><bdi>978-0-521-47159-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Literature+of+Al-Andalus&rft.series=The+Cambridge+History+of+Arabic+Literature+5%2C+series+edited+by+Alfred+Felix+and+Landon+Beeston&rft.pages=72-73&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-47159-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du5AVpiscx7YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:10_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnsemble_Bîrûn2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ensemble Bîrûn (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/41144198.pdf"><i>I </i>maftirîm<i> e le opere degli ebrei sefarditi nella musica classica ottomana</i></a> [<i>The </i>maftirîms<i> and the Works of Sephardic Jews in Ottoman Classical Music</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Italian). Fondazione Giorgio Cini. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6163-143-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6163-143-4"><bdi>978-88-6163-143-4</bdi></a> – via CORE.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+maftir%C3%AEm+e+le+opere+degli+ebrei+sefarditi+nella+musica+classica+ottomana&rft.pub=Fondazione+Giorgio+Cini&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-88-6163-143-4&rft.au=Ensemble+B%C3%AEr%C3%BBn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F41144198.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCHING2008" class="citation web cs1">CHING, TAN LI (2008-07-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/121048">"Transmission of Burmese Classical Music"</a>. <i>scholarbank.nus.edu.sg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scholarbank.nus.edu.sg&rft.atitle=Transmission+of+Burmese+Classical+Music&rft.date=2008-07-29&rft.aulast=CHING&rft.aufirst=TAN+LI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarbank.nus.edu.sg%2Fhandle%2F10635%2F121048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInoue2014" class="citation journal cs1">Inoue, Sayuri (2014-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs21/Inoue-2014-Transmission_of_Burmese_Classical_Songs.pdf">"Written and Oral Transmission of Burmese Classical Songs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies</i> (32): 41–55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Sophia+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Written+and+Oral+Transmission+of+Burmese+Classical+Songs&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=41-55&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft.aulast=Inoue&rft.aufirst=Sayuri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.burmalibrary.org%2Fdocs21%2FInoue-2014-Transmission_of_Burmese_Classical_Songs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurch2015" class="citation book cs1">Church, Michael, ed. (2015). <i>The Other Classical Musics: Fifteen Great Traditions</i>. Woodbridge: <a href="/wiki/Boydell_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Boydell Press">Boydell Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-726-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-726-8"><bdi>978-1-84383-726-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+Classical+Musics%3A+Fifteen+Great+Traditions&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-84383-726-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerSam1995" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Terry E.; Sam, Sam-ang (Spring–Summer 1995). "The Classical Musics of Cambodia and Thailand: A Study of Distinctions". <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology_(academic_journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnomusicology (academic journal)">Ethnomusicology</a></i>. <b>39</b> (2): 229–243. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F924427">10.2307/924427</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/924427">924427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnomusicology&rft.atitle=The+Classical+Musics+of+Cambodia+and+Thailand%3A+A+Study+of+Distinctions&rft.chron=spring%E2%80%93summer&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=229-243&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F924427&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F924427%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Terry+E.&rft.au=Sam%2C+Sam-ang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+classical+and+art+music+traditions" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_topics" title="Template:Music topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_topics" title="Template talk:Music topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">Music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_music" title="History of music">History of music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_music" title="Ancient music">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">Martial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_music" title="Religious music">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_music_in_the_biblical_period" title="History of music in the biblical period">Biblical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_music" title="Secular music">Secular</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">Art music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klasik" title="Klasik">Afghan classical music—Klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusi_classical_music" title="Andalusi classical music">Andalusi classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_music" title="Arabic music">Arabic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Azerbaijani Mugham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81g%C4%ABta" title="Mahāgīta">Burmese classical music—Mahāgīta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinpeat" title="Pinpeat">Cambodian ceremonial music—Pinpeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_traditional_music" title="Chinese traditional music">Chinese traditional music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Indonesian art music—Gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Japanese court music—Gagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_court_music" title="Korean court music">Korean court music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao classical music">Lao classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griot" title="Griot">Mandé art music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_music" title="Ottoman music">Ottoman music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Persian classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundiman" title="Kundiman">Philippine art songs—Kundiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pibroch" title="Pibroch">Scottish Ceòl Mór</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_dance" title="Kandyan dance">Kandyan dance of Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piphat" title="Piphat">Thai classical music—Piphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A3_nh%E1%BA%A1c" title="Nhã nhạc">Vietnam imperial court music—Nhã nhạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Western classical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_music" title="Vernacular music">Vernacular<br />music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circus_music" title="Circus music">Circus music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">Soul music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arched_Harp" class="mw-redirect" title="Arched Harp">Arched Harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angular_harp" title="Angular harp">Angular harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_harpsichord" title="History of the harpsichord">History of the harpsichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_lute-family_instruments" title="History of lute-family instruments">History of lute-family instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafir" title="Nafir">Nafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_timpani_in_the_18th_and_19th_centuries" title="Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries">Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_trumpet" title="History of the trumpet">History of the trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_violin" title="History of the violin">History of the violin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">Musician</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_ensemble" title="Musical ensemble">Ensembles</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_(rock_and_pop)" title="Band (rock and pop)">Band (rock and pop)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backup_band" title="Backup band">Backup band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-female_band" title="All-female band">All-female band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">Big band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_band" title="Concert band">Concert band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_band" title="Military band">Military band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lead_vocalist" title="Lead vocalist">Lead vocalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backing vocalist</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">Theory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">Composition</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_form" title="Musical form">Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">Notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">Improvisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrics" title="Lyrics">Lyrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">Singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_technique" title="Musical technique">Technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">Education</a> and study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Music" title="Bachelor of Music">Bachelor of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Music" title="Master of Music">Master of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Musical_Arts" title="Doctor of Musical Arts">Doctor of Musical Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Method_(music)" title="Method (music)">Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">Music archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history" title="Music history">Music history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_psychology" title="Music psychology">Music psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">Music school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composition_school" title="Composition school">Composition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">Musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomusicology" title="Biomusicology">Biomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_musicology" title="Cognitive musicology">Cognitive musicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_musicology" title="Computational musicology">Computational musicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecomusicology" title="Ecomusicology">Ecomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">Ethnomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_musicology" title="New musicology">New musicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organology" title="Organology">Organology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociomusicology" title="Sociomusicology">Sociomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoomusicology" title="Zoomusicology">Zoomusicology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">A-side and B-side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">Extended play</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_album" title="Compilation album">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album#Live" title="Album">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix_album" title="Remix album">Remix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electric)" title="Music technology (electric)">Music technology (electric)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electronic_and_digital)" title="Music technology (electronic and digital)">Music technology (electronic and digital)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">Sound recording and reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">Cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix" title="Remix">Remix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_and_regional_genres_of_music" title="List of cultural and regional genres of music">Cultural and <br />regional genres</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Africa" title="Music of Africa">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Central_Africa" title="Category:Music of Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_East_Africa" title="Category:Music of East Africa">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Africa" title="Music of North Africa">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Southern_Africa" title="Category:Music of Southern Africa">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_West_Africa" title="Music of West Africa">West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Asia" title="Music of Asia">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Central_Asia" title="Music of Central Asia">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Music of East Asia">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_music" title="Middle Eastern music">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_South_Asia" title="Category:Music of South Asia">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Music of Southeast Asia">Southeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Europe" title="Category:Music of Europe">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_music" title="Balkan music">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_folk_music" title="Nordic folk music">Nordic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latin_America" title="Music of Latin America">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Central_America" title="Category:Music of Central America">Central American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_South_America" title="Category:Music of South America">South American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_North_America" title="Category:Music of North America">North American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_music_genres" title="List of Caribbean music genres">Caribbean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Oceania" title="Category:Music of Oceania">Oceanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Melanesia" title="Music of Melanesia">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Micronesia">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Polynesian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sovereign state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Afghanistan" title="Music of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania" title="Music of Albania">Albania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Algeria" title="Music of Algeria">Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Andorra" title="Music of Andorra">Andorra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Angola" title="Music of Angola">Angola</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Music of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Argentina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Armenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia" title="Music of Australia">Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria" title="Music of Austria">Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Azerbaijan" title="Music of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Bahamas" title="Music of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bahrain" title="Music of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh" title="Music of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Barbados" title="Music of Barbados">Barbados</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belarus" title="Music of Belarus">Belarus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belgium" title="Music of Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belize" title="Music of Belize">Belize</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Benin" title="Music of Benin">Benin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bhutan" title="Music of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bolivia" title="Music of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Botswana" title="Music of Botswana">Botswana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brunei" title="Music of Brunei">Brunei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria" title="Music of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Music of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Burundi" title="Music of Burundi">Burundi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia" title="Music of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cameroon" title="Music of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada" title="Music of Canada">Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cape_Verde" title="Music of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Music of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chad" title="Music of Chad">Chad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_China" title="Music of China">China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Colombia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Comoros">Comoros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia" title="Music of Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Music of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Denmark" title="Music of Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Djibouti" title="Music of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Dominica" title="Music of Dominica">Dominica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_East_Timor" title="Music of East Timor">East Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ecuador" title="Music of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt" title="Music of Egypt">Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_El_Salvador" title="Music of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Music of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Eritrea" title="Music of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia" title="Music of Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Eswatini" title="Music of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ethiopia" title="Music of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Fiji" title="Music of Fiji">Fiji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland" title="Music of Finland">Finland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_France" title="Music of France">France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gabon" title="Music of Gabon">Gabon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Gambia" title="Music of the Gambia">Gambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ghana" title="Music of Ghana">Ghana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greece" title="Music of Greece">Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Grenada" title="Music of Grenada">Grenada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guatemala" title="Music of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guinea" title="Music of Guinea">Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Music of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guyana" title="Music of Guyana">Guyana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Honduras" title="Music of Honduras">Honduras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hungary" title="Music of Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iceland" title="Music of Iceland">Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iraq" title="Music of Iraq">Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel" title="Music of Israel">Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Music of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jamaica" title="Music of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jordan" title="Music of Jordan">Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kazakhstan" title="Music of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kenya" title="Music of Kenya">Kenya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kiribati" title="Music of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo" title="Music of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kuwait" title="Music of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Music of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Laos" title="Music of Laos">Laos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latvia" title="Music of Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lebanon" title="Music of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lesotho" title="Music of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Liberia" title="Music of Liberia">Liberia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Libya" title="Music of Libya">Libya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Liechtenstein" title="Music of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Luxembourg" title="Music of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Madagascar" title="Music of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malawi" title="Music of Malawi">Malawi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malaysia" title="Music of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Maldives">Maldives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mali" title="Music of Mali">Mali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta" title="Music of Malta">Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Music of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mauritania" title="Music of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mauritius" title="Music of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico" title="Music of Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Moldova" title="Music of Moldova">Moldova</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Monaco" title="Music of Monaco">Monaco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia" title="Music of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Morocco" title="Music of Morocco">Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mozambique" title="Music of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Myanmar" title="Music of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Namibia" title="Music of Namibia">Namibia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Nauru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nepal" title="Music of Nepal">Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands" title="Music of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Niger" title="Music of Niger">Niger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nigeria" title="Music of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Korea" title="Music of North Korea">North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia" title="Music of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway" title="Music of Norway">Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Oman" title="Music of Oman">Oman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palau" title="Music of Palau">Palau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Panama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru">Peru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland" title="Music of Poland">Poland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Qatar" title="Music of Qatar">Qatar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Music of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Rwanda" title="Music of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Music of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Music of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Music of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Samoa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_San_Marino" title="Music of San Marino">San Marino</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Music of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Senegal" title="Music of Senegal">Senegal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Serbia" title="Music of Serbia">Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Seychelles" title="Music of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Music of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Singapore" title="Music of Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovakia" title="Music of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Music of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Somalia" title="Music of Somalia">Somalia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Africa" title="Music of South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Korea" title="Music of South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Music of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sudan" title="Music of Sudan">Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Suriname" title="Music of Suriname">Suriname</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sweden" title="Music of Sweden">Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Syria" title="Music of Syria">Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Music of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Taiwan" title="Music of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tajikistan" title="Music of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tanzania" title="Music of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Thailand" title="Music of Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Togo" title="Music of Togo">Togo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tonga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tunisia" title="Music of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkmenistan" title="Music of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uganda" title="Music of Uganda">Uganda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ukraine" title="Music of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Music of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uzbekistan" title="Music of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vanuatu" title="Music of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City" title="Music of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam" title="Music of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Western_Sahara" title="Music of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yemen" title="Music of Yemen">Yemen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Zambia" title="Music of Zambia">Zambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Zimbabwe" title="Music of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_music_articles" title="Index of music articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_music" title="Outline of music">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events" title="Timeline of musical events">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_albums" title="Lists of albums">Albums</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Classical and art music traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_classical_music_genres" title="List of classical music genres">Classical music genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_and_regional_genres_of_music" title="List of cultural and regional genres of music">Cultural and regional genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_instruments" title="List of musical instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_jazz_and_popular_music" title="Glossary of jazz and popular music">Jazz and popular music glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">Music genres and styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_songs" title="Lists of songs">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_music_terminology" title="Glossary of music terminology">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_music" title="Aesthetics of music">Aesthetics of music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_music" title="Fictional music">Fictional music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_emotion" title="Music and emotion">Music and emotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_politics" title="Music and politics">Music and politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_political_warfare" title="Music and political warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_music" title="Environmentalism in music">Environmentalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology" title="Music technology">Music technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_therapy" title="Music therapy">Music therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instrument</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_music" title="Women in music">Women in music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/6px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/8px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/11px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/16px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/24px-45_record.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/32px-45_record.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Record_production" title="Portal:Record production">Record production portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Music" title="Category:Music">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&oldid=1222103980">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&oldid=1222103980</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_music_genres" title="Category:Lists of music genres">Lists of music genres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Classical_and_art_music_traditions" title="Category:Classical and art music traditions">Classical and art music traditions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Korean-language_sources_(ko)" title="Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)">CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_December_2021" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from December 2021">Articles lacking reliable references from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 May 2024, at 22:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6d67bf974d-fgcp9","wgBackendResponseTime":163,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.866","walltime":"1.555","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3931,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":134590,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9398,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":209,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":66187,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1450.067 1 -total"," 49.41% 716.497 1 Template:Music_topics"," 36.93% 535.571 2 Template:Navbox"," 17.41% 252.496 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.56% 182.130 1 Template:World_topic"," 10.29% 149.276 3 Template:Cite_web"," 7.55% 109.480 12 Template:Fix"," 7.41% 107.520 1 Template:Transl"," 6.68% 96.890 11 Template:Citation_needed"," 5.53% 80.243 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.585","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20194235,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFCHING2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChurch2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDace1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnsemble_Bîrûn2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarmer1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeldman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInoue2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawergren2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaría_Rosa_MenocalRaymond_P._ScheindlinMichael_Sells2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillerSam1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubramaniam1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThrasher2008\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 3,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Classical And Art Music Traditions, List Of\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"Main articles\"] = 1,\n [\"Music topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-s96jd","timestamp":"20241127210137","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"List of classical and art music traditions","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17013229","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17013229","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-12-16T01:53:48Z","dateModified":"2024-05-03T22:25:59Z","headline":"Wikimedia list article"}</script> </body> </html>