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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Words_that_may_introduce_bias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words_that_may_introduce_bias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Words that may introduce bias</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Words_that_may_introduce_bias-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Words that may introduce bias subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Words_that_may_introduce_bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Puffery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puffery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Puffery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puffery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contentious_labels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contentious_labels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Contentious labels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contentious_labels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unsupported_attributions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unsupported_attributions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Unsupported attributions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unsupported_attributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expressions_of_doubt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expressions_of_doubt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Expressions of doubt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expressions_of_doubt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editorializing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editorializing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Editorializing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editorializing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synonyms_for_said" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synonyms_for_said"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Synonyms for <i>said</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synonyms_for_said-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expressions_that_lack_precision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expressions_that_lack_precision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Expressions that lack precision</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Expressions_that_lack_precision-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Expressions that lack precision subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Expressions_that_lack_precision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Euphemisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euphemisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Euphemisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euphemisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clichés_and_idioms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clichés_and_idioms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Clichés and idioms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clichés_and_idioms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relative_time_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relative_time_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Relative time references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relative_time_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unspecified_places_or_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unspecified_places_or_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Unspecified places or events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unspecified_places_or_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Survived_by" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Survived_by"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span><i>Survived by</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Survived_by-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Person_or_office?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Person_or_office?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Person or office?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Person_or_office?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neologisms_and_new_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neologisms_and_new_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Neologisms and new compounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neologisms_and_new_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Easily_confused_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Easily_confused_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Easily confused terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Easily_confused_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vulgarities,_obscenities,_and_profanities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vulgarities,_obscenities,_and_profanities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vulgarities, obscenities, and profanities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vulgarities,_obscenities,_and_profanities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wikipedia</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Manual of Style/Words to watch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9" title="ويكيبيديا:دليل الأسلوب/تجنب التعابير المبهمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:دليل الأسلوب/تجنب التعابير المبهمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pallabres_a_evitar" title="Wikipedia:Pallabres a evitar – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Wikipedia:Pallabres a evitar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Stil_kitab%C3%A7as%C4%B1/Qeyri-m%C3%BC%C9%99yy%C9%99n_ifad%C9%99l%C9%99rd%C9%99n_%C3%A7%C9%99kinin" title="Vikipediya:Stil kitabçası/Qeyri-müəyyən ifadələrdən çəkinin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vikipediya:Stil kitabçası/Qeyri-müəyyən ifadələrdən çəkinin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A1%D2%BB%D1%8B%D2%99_%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80_%D2%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%99" title="Википедия:Аныҡһыҙ һүҙҙәр һәм ғибәрәләр ҡулланмағыҙ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Википедия:Аныҡһыҙ һүҙҙәр һәм ғибәрәләр ҡулланмағыҙ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Вікіпедыя:Унікайце няпэўных выразаў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікіпедыя:Унікайце няпэўных выразаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Вікіпэдыя:Словы-паразыты – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вікіпэдыя:Словы-паразыты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Уикипедия:Нежелателни думи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Нежелателни думи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stilski_priru%C4%8Dnik/Rije%C4%8Di_na_koje_treba_obratiti_pa%C5%BEnju" title="Wikipedia:Stilski priručnik/Riječi na koje treba obratiti pažnju – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Wikipedia:Stilski priručnik/Riječi na koje treba obratiti pažnju" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kaoz_dispis_ha_diasur" title="Wikipedia:Kaoz dispis ha diasur – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wikipedia:Kaoz dispis ha diasur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contingut_evasiu" title="Viquipèdia:Contingut evasiu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viquipèdia:Contingut evasiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:Vyhn%C4%9Bte_se_vyh%C3%BDbav%C3%BDm_slov%C5%AFm" title="Wikipedie:Vyhněte se vyhýbavým slovům – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikipedie:Vyhněte se vyhýbavým slovům" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vermeide_hohle_Phrasen" title="Wikipedia:Vermeide hohle Phrasen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikipedia:Vermeide hohle Phrasen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%95%CE%B3%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CE%AE%CF%82/%CE%9B%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Βικιπαίδεια:Εγχειρίδιο μορφής/Λέξεις για προσοχή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βικιπαίδεια:Εγχειρίδιο μορφής/Λέξεις για προσοχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Palabras_a_evitar" title="Wikipedia:Palabras a evitar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikipedia:Palabras a evitar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedio:Evitu_nebulajn_vortojn" title="Vikipedio:Evitu nebulajn vortojn – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vikipedio:Evitu nebulajn vortojn" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%98%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A2%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ویکی‌پدیا:شیوه‌نامه/واژه‌هایی که باید مواظب استفاده از آن‌ها بود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:شیوه‌نامه/واژه‌هایی که باید مواظب استفاده از آن‌ها بود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Termes_%C3%A0_utiliser_avec_pr%C3%A9caution" title="Wikipédia:Termes à utiliser avec précaution – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wikipédia:Termes à utiliser avec précaution" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Palabras_a_evitar" title="Wikipedia:Palabras a evitar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wikipedia:Palabras a evitar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E6%9C%AC%E5%AD%97" title="Wikipedia:贛語本字 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="Wikipedia:贛語本字" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91_%EC%A7%80%EC%B9%A8/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%ED%95%B4%EC%95%BC_%ED%95%A0_%ED%91%9C%ED%98%84" title="위키백과:편집 지침/주의해야 할 표현 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:편집 지침/주의해야 할 표현" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A5%D6%84_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B7_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%81" title="Վիքիպեդիա:Խուսափեք անորոշ արտահայտություններից – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիքիպեդիա:Խուսափեք անորոշ արտահայտություններից" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pedoman_gaya/Hindari_penyamaran_opini" title="Wikipedia:Pedoman gaya/Hindari penyamaran opini – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Pedoman gaya/Hindari penyamaran opini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Evita_terminos_evasive" title="Wikipedia:Evita terminos evasive – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Wikipedia:Evita terminos evasive" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Evasivit%C3%A0" title="Wikipedia:Evasività – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wikipedia:Evasività" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%93_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A2_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ויקיפדיה:כיצד להימנע מחמקמילים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקיפדיה:כיצד להימנע מחמקמילים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Hivatkozz_%C3%A9s_fogalmazz_pontosan!" title="Wikipédia:Hivatkozz és fogalmazz pontosan! – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Hivatkozz és fogalmazz pontosan!" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_gaya_penulisan/Perkataan_untuk_dijaga" title="Wikipedia:Manual gaya penulisan/Perkataan untuk dijaga – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wikipedia:Manual gaya penulisan/Perkataan untuk dijaga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wees_duidelijk_en_concreet" title="Wikipedia:Wees duidelijk en concreet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wikipedia:Wees duidelijk en concreet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89%E3%82%92%E6%BF%81%E3%81%95%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84" title="Wikipedia:言葉を濁さない – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikipedia:言葉を濁さない" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Unng%C3%A5_unnvikende_uttrykk" title="Wikipedia:Unngå unnvikende uttrykk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wikipedia:Unngå unnvikende uttrykk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Unikaj_wyra%C5%BCe%C5%84_zwodniczych" title="Wikipedia:Unikaj wyrażeń zwodniczych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikipedia:Unikaj wyrażeń zwodniczych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Palavras_a_evitar" title="Wikipédia:Palavras a evitar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Palavras a evitar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Formul%C4%83ri_evazive" title="Wikipedia:Formulări evazive – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikipedia:Formulări evazive" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Википедия:Избегайте неопределённых выражений – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Избегайте неопределённых выражений" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%85_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="විකිපීඩියා:රචනාකරණයේ අත්පොත/විමසිල්ලෙන් භාවිතා කළ යුතු වදන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:රචනාකරණයේ අත්පොත/විමසිල්ලෙන් භාවිතා කළ යුතු වදන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Vyhnite_sa_vyh%C3%BDbav%C3%BDm_slov%C3%A1m" title="Wikipédia:Vyhnite sa vyhýbavým slovám – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wikipédia:Vyhnite sa vyhýbavým slovám" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Slogovni_priro%C4%8Dnik/Besede,_na_katere_je_treba_biti_pozoren" title="Wikipedija:Slogovni priročnik/Besede, na katere je treba biti pozoren – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Slogovni priročnik/Besede, na katere je treba biti pozoren" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Википедија:Избјегавајте неодређене тврдње – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Википедија:Избјегавајте неодређене тврдње" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohje:Kerro_kuka_tekee" title="Ohje:Kerro kuka tekee – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ohje:Kerro kuka tekee" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Undvik_f%C3%B6rs%C3%A5tliga_referenser" title="Wikipedia:Undvik försåtliga referenser – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Undvik försåtliga referenser" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE:%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:மழுப்பலான சொற்களை தவிர்த்தல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:மழுப்பலான சொற்களை தவிர்த்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="วิกิพีเดีย:คู่มือการเขียน/หลีกเลี่ยงถ้อยคำคลุมเครือ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิกิพีเดีย:คู่มือการเขียน/หลีกเลี่ยงถ้อยคำคลุมเครือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Bi%C3%A7em_el_kitab%C4%B1/Sak%C4%B1n%C4%B1lacak_kelimeler" title="Vikipedi:Biçem el kitabı/Sakınılacak kelimeler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Biçem el kitabı/Sakınılacak kelimeler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Вікіпедія:Слова-паразити – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікіпедія:Слова-паразити" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8" title="ویکیپیڈیا:اسلوب نامہ/زیر نظر الفاظ – 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This page is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style</a></bdi></div><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CLAIM&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CLAIM">Wikipedia:CLAIM</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Language to avoid when writing articles</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:WORDS" redirects here. For the policy on words as article topics, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_not_a_dictionary" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary">Wikipedia: Wikipedia is not a dictionary</a>. For the formatting of words mentioned in text, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#Words_as_words" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting § Words as words</a>. For the Words of Wisdom essay, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Words_of_wisdom" title="Wikipedia:Words of wisdom">Wikipedia:Words of wisdom</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:LABEL" redirects here. For Wiki labels gadget, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Labels" title="Wikipedia:Labels">Wikipedia:Labels</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines#guide" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">guideline</a> is a part of the English Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;"> It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">occasional exceptions</a> may apply. Any <i>substantive</i> edit to this page should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Words to watch">talk page</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:WTW"></span><span id="WP:WTW"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:WTW&redirect=no">MOS:WTW</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WTW&redirect=no">WP:WTW</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> Be cautious with expressions that may introduce bias, lack precision, or include offensive terms. Use clear, direct language. Let facts alone do the talking.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style (MoS)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"/></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"/><br/><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Words to watch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">By topic area</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Style" title="Template:Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Style" title="Template talk:Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are no forbidden words or expressions on Wikipedia, but certain expressions should be used with caution because they may introduce bias. Strive to eliminate expressions that are flattering, disparaging, vague, clichéd, or endorsing of a particular viewpoint. </p><p>The advice in this guideline is not limited to the examples provided and <em>should not be applied rigidly</em>. If a word can be replaced by one with less potential for misunderstanding, it should be.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some words have specific technical meanings in some contexts and are acceptable in those contexts, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Claim_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Claim (law)"><i>claim</i> in law</a>. What matters is that articles should be well-written and be consistent with the core content policies – <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a>. The guideline does not apply to quotations, which should be faithfully reproduced from the original sources (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Quotations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Quotations</a></span>). </p><p>If you do not feel you can improve the problematic wording of an article yourself, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Cleanup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup">template message</a> can be added to draw the attention of other editors to an article needing a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Words_that_may_introduce_bias" data-mw-thread-id="h-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span>Words that may introduce bias<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span></h2></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Peacock"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puffery" data-mw-thread-id="h-Puffery-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Puffery-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span>Puffery<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Puffery-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Wikipedia:Neutral point of view</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipuffery" title="Wikipedia:Wikipuffery">Wikipedia:Wikipuffery</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:PUFFERY"></span><span id="MOS:PEACOCK"></span><span id="MOS:FLOWERY"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:PUFFERY&redirect=no">MOS:PUFFERY</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:PEACOCK&redirect=no">MOS:PEACOCK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:FLOWERY&redirect=no">MOS:FLOWERY</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>legendary, best, great, acclaimed, iconic, visionary, outstanding, leading, celebrated, popular, award-winning, landmark, cutting-edge, innovative, revolutionary, extraordinary, brilliant, hit, famous, renowned, remarkable, prestigious, world-class, respected, notable, virtuoso, honorable, awesome, unique, pioneering, phenomenal, prominent </i> ...</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Peacock_terms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A peacock saying "I am the greatest bird ever!"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Peacock_terms.png/220px-Peacock_terms.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Peacock_terms.png/330px-Peacock_terms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Peacock_terms.png/440px-Peacock_terms.png 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="2031"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Words such as these are often used without attribution to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promote the subject of an article</a>, while neither imparting nor plainly summarizing verifiable information. They are known as "peacock terms" by Wikipedia contributors.<sup id="cite_ref-peacock_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peacock-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of making subjective proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate it. </p> <dl><dt>Peacock example:</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> is the defining figure of the 1960s counterculture and a brilliant songwriter.</dd> <dt>Just the facts:</dt> <dd>Dylan was included in <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i></a><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">100: The Most Important People of the Century</a>, in which he was called "master poet, caustic social critic and intrepid, guiding spirit of the counterculture generation".<sup>[1]</sup> By the mid-1970s, his songs had been covered by hundreds of other artists.<sup>[2]</sup></dd></dl> <p>An article suffering from such language should be rewritten to correct the problem or, if an editor is unsure how best to make a correction, the article may be tagged with an appropriate template, such as <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Peacock_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Peacock term">Peacock term</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Puffery" title="Puffery">Puffery</a> is an example of positively <a href="/wiki/Loaded_language" title="Loaded language">loaded language</a>; negatively loaded language should be avoided just as much. People responsible for "public spending" (the neutral term) can be loaded both ways, as "tax-and-spend politicians borrowing off the backs of our grandchildren" or "public servants ensuring crucial investment in our essential infrastructure for the public good". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contentious_labels" data-mw-thread-id="h-Contentious_labels-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Contentious_labels-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span>Contentious labels<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Contentious_labels-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MOS:MYTH" redirects here. For the WikiProject on mythology, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mythology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mythology">Wikipedia:WikiProject Mythology</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:CONTENTIOUS" redirects here. For special procedures on contentious topics, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CTOP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CTOP">WP:CTOP</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:RACIST" redirects here. For the essay about <a href="/wiki/Bigots" class="mw-redirect" title="Bigots">bigots</a> on Wikipedia, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_Nazis" title="Wikipedia:No Nazis">WP:No Nazis</a>. and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_racists" title="Wikipedia:No racists">WP:No racists</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons § Tone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Myth_versus_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Myth versus fiction">Wikipedia:Myth versus fiction</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LABEL"></span><span id="MOS:RACIST"></span><span id="MOS:MYTH"></span><span id="MOS:TERRORIST"></span><span id="WP:CONTENTIOUS"></span><span id="MOS:CONTROVERSIAL"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LABEL&redirect=no">MOS:LABEL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:RACIST&redirect=no">MOS:RACIST</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:MYTH&redirect=no">MOS:MYTH</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TERRORIST&redirect=no">MOS:TERRORIST</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CONTENTIOUS&redirect=no">WP:CONTENTIOUS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CONTROVERSIAL&redirect=no">MOS:CONTROVERSIAL</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>cult, racist, perverted, sexist, homophobic, transphobic, misogynistic, sect, fundamentalist, heretic, extremist, denialist, terrorist, freedom fighter, bigot, myth, neo-Nazi</i>, <span class="nowrap"><i>-gate</i>,</span> <i>pseudo-, controversial</i> ...</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Loaded_language" title="Loaded language">Value-laden</a> labels – such as calling an organization a <i><a href="/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">cult</a></i>, an individual a <i><a href="/wiki/Racist" class="mw-redirect" title="Racist">racist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexist">sexist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist">terrorist</a></i>, or <i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_fighter" title="Freedom fighter">freedom fighter</a></i>, or a sexual practice a <i><a href="/wiki/Perversion" title="Perversion">perversion</a></i> – may express contentious opinion and are best avoided unless widely used by reliable sources to describe the subject, in which case use <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#In-text_attribution" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">in-text attribution</a>. Avoid <i><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myth</a></i> in its informal sense, and establish the scholarly context for any formal use of the term. </p><p>The prefix <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-" title="Pseudo-">pseudo-</a></i> indicates something false or spurious, which may be debatable. The suffix <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_scandals_with_%22-gate%22_suffix" class="mw-redirect" title="List of scandals with "-gate" suffix">‑gate</a></i> suggests the existence of a scandal. Use these in articles only when they are in wide use externally, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" title="Gamergate (harassment campaign)">Gamergate (harassment campaign)</a>, with in-text attribution if in doubt. Rather than describing an individual using the subjective and vague term <i>controversial</i>, instead give readers information about relevant controversies. Make sure, as well, that reliable sources establish the existence of a controversy and that the term is not used to grant a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">fringe viewpoint</a> undue weight.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the term <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a></i>: per the policy <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Wikipedia:Neutral point of view</a>, pseudoscientific views "should be clearly described as such". Per the content guideline <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">Wikipedia:Fringe theories</a>, the term <i>pseudoscience</i>, if supported by reliable sources, may be used to distinguish fringe theories from mainstream science. </p><p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">For additional guidance on <span class="nowrap"><i>-ist/-ism</i></span> terms, see <a href="#Neologisms_and_new_compounds">§ Neologisms and new compounds</a>, below.</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unsupported_attributions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Unsupported_attributions-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Unsupported_attributions-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span>Unsupported attributions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Unsupported_attributions-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:AWT" redirects here. For the title, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators_without_tools" title="Wikipedia:Administrators without tools">Wikipedia:Administrators without tools</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:WEASEL"></span><span id="MOS:AWW"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:WEASEL&redirect=no">MOS:WEASEL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:AWW&redirect=no">MOS:AWW</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>some people say, many people remember, many scholars state, it is believed/regarded/considered, many are of the opinion, most feel, experts declare, it is often reported, it is widely thought, research has shown, science says, scientists claim, it is often said, officially, is widely regarded as, <var style="padding-right: 1px;">X</var> has been described as <var style="padding-right: 1px;">Y</var></i> ...</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Weasel_words.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A weasel saying "Some people say that weasel words are great!"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Weasel_words.svg/220px-Weasel_words.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Weasel_words.svg/330px-Weasel_words.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Weasel_words.svg/440px-Weasel_words.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Weasel_word" title="Weasel word">Weasel words</a> are words and phrases aimed at creating an impression that something specific and meaningful has been said, when in fact only a vague or ambiguous claim has been communicated. A common form of weasel wording is through vague attribution, where a statement is <a href="/wiki/Argument_from_authority" title="Argument from authority">dressed with authority</a>, yet has no substantial basis. Phrases such as those above present the appearance of support for statements but can deny the reader the opportunity to assess the source of the viewpoint. They may disguise a biased view. Claims about what people say, think, feel, or believe, and what has been shown, demonstrated, or proved should be clearly attributed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The examples above <strong>are not automatically weasel words</strong>. They may legitimately be used in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> of an article or in a <a href="/wiki/Topic_sentence" title="Topic sentence">topic sentence</a> of a paragraph when the article body or the rest of the paragraph can supply attribution. Likewise, views that are properly attributed to a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">reliable source</a> may use similar expressions, <em>if those expressions accurately represent the opinions of the source</em>. Reliable sources may analyze and interpret, but for editors to do so would violate the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">Wikipedia:No original research</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Wikipedia:Neutral point of view</a> policies. Equally, editorial <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">irony</a> such as "Despite the fact that fishermen catch fish, they don't tend to find any" and <a href="/wiki/Damning_with_faint_praise" title="Damning with faint praise">damning with faint praise</a>, like "It is known that person X is skilled in golf, but is inferior to person Y." have no place in Wikipedia articles. </p><p>Articles including weasel words should ideally be rewritten such that they are supported by reliable sources; alternatively, they may be tagged with the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Weasel" title="Template:Weasel">Weasel</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:By_whom" title="Template:By whom">By whom</a>}}</code>, or similar templates to identify the problem to future readers (who may elect to fix the problem). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expressions_of_doubt" data-mw-thread-id="h-Expressions_of_doubt-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Expressions_of_doubt-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span>Expressions of doubt<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Expressions_of_doubt-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:ALLEGED" redirects here. For the policy on individuals accused of a crime, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPCRIME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BLPCRIME">WP:BLPCRIME</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Quotation_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Quotation point of view</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:ACCUSED"></span><span id="MOS:ALLEGED"></span><span id="MOS:DOUBT"></span><span id="MOS:SCAREQUOTES"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ACCUSED&redirect=no">MOS:ACCUSED</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ALLEGED&redirect=no">MOS:ALLEGED</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:DOUBT&redirect=no">MOS:DOUBT</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SCAREQUOTES&redirect=no">MOS:SCAREQUOTES</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>supposed, apparent, purported, alleged, accused, so-called</i> ...</strong> Also, scare-quoting: <strong><i>a Yale "report"</i></strong>; undue emphasis: <strong>"... a <em>Baptist</em> church"</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>Words such as <i>supposed, apparent, alleged</i>, and <i>purported</i> can imply that a given point is inaccurate, although <i>alleged</i> and <i>accused</i> are appropriate when wrongdoing is asserted but undetermined, such as with people awaiting or undergoing a criminal trial; when these are used, ensure that the source of the accusation is clear. <span class="anchor" id="SO-CALLED"></span><i>So-called</i> can mean <i>commonly named, falsely named</i>, or <i>contentiously named</i>, and it can be difficult to tell these apart. Simply <i>called</i> is preferable for the first meaning; detailed and attributed explanations are preferable for the others. </p><p>Misused punctuation can also have similar effects. Quotation marks, when not marking an actual quotation,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may be interpreted as "<a href="/wiki/Scare_quotes" title="Scare quotes">scare quotes</a>", indicating that the writer is distancing themself from the otherwise common interpretation of the quoted expression. The use of <em><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#Emphasis" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">emphasis</a></em> may turn an innocuous word into a loaded expression, so such occurrences should also be considered carefully. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editorializing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Editorializing-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Editorializing-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span>Editorializing<span id="Editorialising"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Editorializing-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:EDITORIAL" redirects here. For the reliability of editorial sources, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#News_organizations" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">Wikipedia:Reliable sources § News organizations</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MOS:OP-ED" redirects here. For policy on op-eds and original research, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOROPED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOROPED">WP:NOROPED</a>. For guideline on citing op-eds as sources, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NEWSOPED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NEWSOPED">WP:NEWSOPED</a>. For submission of editorials to the <i>Wikipedia Signpost</i> internal newsletter, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:OP-ED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:OP-ED">WP:OP-ED</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:OFCOURSE" redirects here. For the essay which had the "OFCOURSE" shortcut prior to March 2021, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Of_course_it%27s_voting" title="Wikipedia:Of course it's voting">Wikipedia:Of course it's voting</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Instructional_and_presumptuous_language" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Instructional and presumptuous language</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:It_should_be_noted" title="Wikipedia:It should be noted">Wikipedia:It should be noted</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:EDITORIAL"></span><span id="MOS:OP-ED"></span><span id="MOS:OFCOURSE"></span><span id="WP:OFCOURSE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:EDITORIAL&redirect=no">MOS:EDITORIAL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:OP-ED&redirect=no">MOS:OP-ED</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:OFCOURSE&redirect=no">MOS:OFCOURSE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:OFCOURSE&redirect=no">WP:OFCOURSE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>notably, it should be noted, arguably, interestingly, essentially, utterly, actually, only, clearly, absolutely, of course, without a doubt, indeed, happily, sadly, tragically, aptly, fortunately, unfortunately, untimely</i> ...</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>Use of adverbs such as <i>notably</i> and <i>interestingly</i>, and phrases such as <i>it should be noted</i>, to highlight something as particularly significant or certain without attributing that opinion, should usually be avoided so as to maintain an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Impartial_tone" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">impartial tone</a>. Words such as <i>fundamentally, essentially</i>, and <i>basically</i> can indicate particular interpretive viewpoints and thus should also be attributed in controversial cases. Care should be used with <i>actually</i> and the modifiers <i>only</i> and <i>just</i>, which imply something being contrary to expectations; make sure the expectation is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiable</a> and broadly shared rather than assumed. <i>Clearly, obviously, naturally</i>, and <i>of course</i> all presume too much about the reader's knowledge and perspective and often amount to verbiage. Wikipedia should not take a view on whether an event was <i>fortunate</i> or not. </p><p>This kind of <a href="/wiki/Persuasive_writing" title="Persuasive writing">persuasive writing</a> approach is also against the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">Wikipedia:No original research</a> policy (Wikipedia does not try to steer the reader to a particular interpretation or conclusion) and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Instructional_and_presumptuous_language" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Instructional and presumptuous language</a> guideline (Wikipedia does not break the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_wall" title="Fourth wall">fourth wall</a> and write <em>at</em> the reader, other than with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">navigational hatnotes</a>). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>but, despite, however, though, although, furthermore, while</i> ...</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>More subtly, editorializing can produce <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Synthesis_of_published_material" title="Wikipedia:No original research">implications that are not supported by the sources</a>. When used to link two statements, words such as <i>but, despite, however</i>, and <i>although</i> may imply a relationship where none exists, possibly unduly calling the validity of the first statement into question while giving <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to the credibility of the second. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synonyms_for_said" data-mw-thread-id="h-Synonyms_for_said-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Synonyms_for_said-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span>Synonyms for <i>said</i><span id="Various_synonyms_for_said"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Synonyms_for_said-Words_that_may_introduce_bias"></span></h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Claim"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:SAID"></span><span id="MOS:SAY"></span><span id="MOS:CLAIM"></span><span id="WP:SAYS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SAID&redirect=no">MOS:SAID</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SAY&redirect=no">MOS:SAY</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CLAIM&redirect=no">MOS:CLAIM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SAYS&redirect=no">WP:SAYS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>reveal, point out, clarify, expose, explain, find, note, observe, insist, speculate, surmise, claim, assert, admit, confess, deny</i> ...</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>In some types of writing, repeated use of <i>said</i> <a href="/wiki/Said_bookism" class="mw-redirect" title="Said bookism">is considered tedious</a>, and writers are encouraged to employ synonyms. On Wikipedia, it is more important to avoid language that makes undue implications. </p><p><i>Said, stated, described, wrote, commented</i>, and <i>according to</i> are almost always neutral and accurate. Extra care is needed with more <a href="/wiki/Loaded_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Loaded term">loaded terms</a>. For example, to write that a person <i>noted, observed, clarified, explained, exposed, found, pointed out, showed</i>, or <i>revealed</i> something can imply objectivity or truthfulness, instead of simply conveying the fact that it was <i>said</i>. To write that someone <i>insisted, speculated</i>, or <i>surmised</i> can suggest the degree of the person's carefulness, resoluteness, or access to evidence, even when such things are unverifiable. </p><p>To say that someone <i>asserted</i> or <i>claimed</i> something can call their statement's credibility into question, by emphasizing any potential contradiction or implying disregard for evidence. Similarly, be judicious in using <i>admit, confess, reveal</i>, and <i>deny</i>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">particularly for living persons</a>, because these verbs can inappropriately imply <a href="/wiki/Culpability" title="Culpability">culpability</a>. </p><p>In order to avoid the twin pitfalls of biased wording and tedious repetition of "he said ... she said ...", consider rewriting the prose to remove the need for such verbs in the first place; <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_problem_with_elegant_variation" title="Wikipedia:The problem with elegant variation">it is often repeated <em>information</em></a>, rather than the repetition of specific words, that creates a sense of repetition in prose. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Expressions_that_lack_precision" data-mw-thread-id="h-Expressions_that_lack_precision"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span>Expressions that lack precision<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">Wikipedia:Please clarify</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">Wikipedia:Vagueness</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euphemisms" data-mw-thread-id="h-Euphemisms-Expressions_that_lack_precision"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Euphemisms-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span>Euphemisms<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Euphemisms-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:EUPHEMISM" redirects here. For the essay advising bluntness, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Call_a_spade_a_spade" title="Wikipedia:Call a spade a spade">WP:Call a spade a spade</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:PASSEDAWAY" redirects here. For Wikipedians who have recently died, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deceased_Wikipedians" title="Wikipedia:Deceased Wikipedians">Wikipedia:Deceased Wikipedians</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:EUPHEMISM"></span><span id="MOS:EUPH"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:EUPHEMISM&redirect=no">MOS:EUPHEMISM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:EUPH&redirect=no">MOS:EUPH</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>passed away, gave her life, eternal rest, make love, an issue with, collateral damage</i> ...</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">Euphemisms</a> should generally be avoided in favor of more neutral and precise terms. <i>Died</i> and <i>had sex</i> are neutral and accurate; <i>passed away</i> and <i>made love</i> are euphemisms. Some words and phrases that are proper in many contexts also have euphemistic senses that should be avoided: <i><a href="/wiki/Civilian_casualties" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian casualties">civilian casualties</a></i> should not be masked as <i><a href="/wiki/Collateral_damage" title="Collateral damage">collateral damage</a></i>. </p><p>If a person has a medical condition, say just that, specifying the condition to the extent that is relevant and supported by appropriate sources. See <a href="/wiki/MOS:MEDLANG" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:MEDLANG">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles § Careful language</a> for more guidance on writing about medical conditions. </p><p>Norms vary for expressions about disabilities and disabled people. Do not assume that plain language is inappropriate.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal is to express ideas clearly and directly without causing unnecessary offense. See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Disability/Style_advice" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Disability/Style advice">this essay</a> by editors involved in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DISABILITY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DISABILITY">WikiProject Disability</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clichés_and_idioms" data-mw-thread-id="h-Clichés_and_idioms-Expressions_that_lack_precision"><span id="Clich.C3.A9s_and_idioms"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Clichés_and_idioms-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span>Clichés and idioms<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Clichés_and_idioms-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CLICHE"></span><span id="MOS:IDIOM"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CLICHE&redirect=no">MOS:CLICHE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IDIOM&redirect=no">MOS:IDIOM</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>lion's share, tip of the iceberg, white elephant, gild the lily, take the plunge, ace up the sleeve, bird in the hand, twist of fate, at the end of the day</i> ...</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Clich%C3%A9" title="Cliché">Clichés</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idiom" title="Idiom">idioms</a> should generally be avoided in favor of direct, literal expressions. <i>Lion's share</i> is often misunderstood; instead use a term such as <i>all, most, two-thirds</i>, or whatever matches the context. The <i>tip of the iceberg</i> should be reserved for discussions of <a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">icebergs</a>. If something is seen as wasteful excess, do not call it <i>gilding the lily</i> or a <i>white elephant</i>; instead, describe the wasteful thing in terms of the actions or events that led to the excess. Instead of writing that someone <i>took the plunge</i>, state their action matter-of-factly. </p><p>In general, if a literal reading of a phrase makes no sense given the context, the sentence needs rewording. Some idioms are common only in certain parts of the world, and many readers are not native speakers of English; articles should not presume familiarity with particular phrases. <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a long <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_idioms" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English idioms">list of English idioms</a>, some of which should be avoided. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relative_time_references" data-mw-thread-id="h-Relative_time_references-Expressions_that_lack_precision"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Relative_time_references-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span>Relative time references<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Relative_time_references-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:As_of#Precise_language" title="Wikipedia:As of">Wikipedia:As of § Precise language</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Statements_likely_to_become_outdated" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers § Statements likely to become outdated</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:RELTIME"></span><span id="MOS:REALTIME"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:RELTIME&redirect=no">MOS:RELTIME</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:REALTIME&redirect=no">MOS:REALTIME</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>recently, lately, currently, today, presently, to date, X years ago, formerly, in the past, traditionally, this/last/next (year/month/winter/spring/summer/fall/autumn), yesterday, tomorrow, in the future, now, to this day, soon, since</i> ...</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>Absolute specifications of time are preferred to relative constructions using <i>recently, currently</i>, and so on, because the latter may go out of date. "By November 2024 contributions had dropped" has the same meaning as "Recently, contributions have dropped" but the first sentence retains its meaning as time passes. </p><p><i>Recently</i> type constructions may be ambiguous even at the time of writing: Was it in the last week? Month? Year?<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The information that "The current president, <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Alberto Fernández">Alberto Fernández</a>, took office in 2019", or "Alberto Fernández has been president since 2019", is better rendered "Alberto Fernández became president in 2019". Wordings such as "17 years ago" or "Jones is 65 years old" should be rewritten as "in 2007", "Jones was 65 years old at the time of the incident", or "Jones was born in 1959". If a direct quote contains relative time, ensure the date of the quote is clear, such as "Joe Bloggs in 2007 called it 'one of the best books of the last decade'". </p><p>When material in an article may become out of date, follow the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:As_of" title="Wikipedia:As of">Wikipedia:As of</a> guideline, which allows information to be written in a less time-dependent way.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also several templates for alerting readers to time-sensitive wording problems.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Expressions like "former(ly)", "in the past", and "traditional(ly)" lump together unspecified periods in the past. "Traditional" is particularly pernicious because it implies <a href="/wiki/Time_immemorial" title="Time immemorial">immemorial</a> established usage. It is better to use explicit dates supported by sources. Instead of "hamburgers are a traditional American food", say "the hamburger was invented in about 1900 and became widely popular in the United States in the 1930s".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because seasons differ between the northern and southern hemispheres, try to use months, quarters, or other non-seasonal terms such as <i>mid-year</i> unless the season itself is pertinent (<i>spring blossoms, autumn harvest</i>); see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Seasons_of_the_year" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers § Seasons of the year</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unspecified_places_or_events" data-mw-thread-id="h-Unspecified_places_or_events-Expressions_that_lack_precision"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Unspecified_places_or_events-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span>Unspecified places or events<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Unspecified_places_or_events-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:WHATPLACE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:WHATPLACE&redirect=no">MOS:WHATPLACE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>this country, here, there, somewhere, sometimes, often, occasionally, somehow</i> ...</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>As in the previous section, prefer specific statements to general ones. It is better to use explicit descriptions, based on reliable sources, of when, where, or how an event occurred. Instead of saying "In April 2012, Senator Smith somehow managed to increase his approval rating by 10%", say "In April 2012, Senator Smith's approval rating increased by 10%, which respondents attributed to his new position on foreign policy.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255586131">.mw-parser-output .fakelinks{color:var(--color-progressive,#0645ad);cursor:default}.mw-parser-output .fakelinks:hover{color:var(--color-progressive--hover,#0645ad)}</style><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[1]</sup>" Instead of saying "Senator Smith often discusses foreign policy in his speeches", say "Senator Smith discussed foreign policy during his election campaign, and subsequently during his victory speech at the State Convention Center.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[2]</sup>" </p><p>Remember that Wikipedia is a global encyclopedia, and does not assume particular places or times are the default. We emphasize facts and viewpoints to the same degree that they are emphasized by the reliable sources. Terms like <i>this country</i> should not be used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Survived_by" data-mw-thread-id="h-Survived_by-Expressions_that_lack_precision"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Survived_by-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span><i>Survived by</i><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Survived_by-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_blog,_Web_hosting_service,_social_networking_service,_or_memorial_site" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not § Wikipedia is not a blog, Web hosting service, social networking service, or memorial site</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_newspaper" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not § Wikipedia is not a newspaper</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:SURVIVEDBY"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SURVIVEDBY&redirect=no">MOS:SURVIVEDBY</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-size:120%">Words to watch: <strong><i>is/was survived by, [Name]'s survivors include</i>, ...</strong> </span> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>Phrasing such as "Smith died in 1982, survived by her husband Jack and two sons" should be avoided; this information can be made more complete and spread out through the article. The "survived by" phrasing is a common way to end newspaper obituaries and legal death notices, and is relevant at the time of death or for inheritance purposes. But an encyclopedia article covers the subject's entire life, not just their death, and information about children and spouses might be presented in an infobox or in sections about the subject's personal life. From such information readers can generally infer which family members died after the subject, so this information is not usually worth highlighting explicitly except in unusual situations (such as when children predecease their parents, or an inheritance is disputed). </p><p>Even in a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub article</a>, a different arrangement with more details sounds more like an encyclopedia and less like an obituary: "Smith married Jack in 1957. The couple had two sons. She died in 1982." </p><p>Note also that say "...survived by two children" doesn't prove that the subject only <i>had</i> two children; she might have had others who predeceased her. If so, obits will <i>usually</i> add "a third child died in infancy". Whether or not lack of mention of predeceasing children is sufficient for us to indicate that there weren't any is beyond the scope of this rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Person_or_office?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Person_or_office?-Expressions_that_lack_precision"><span id="Person_or_office.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Person_or_office?-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span>Person or office?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Person_or_office?-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:PERSONOROFFICE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:PERSONOROFFICE&redirect=no">MOS:PERSONOROFFICE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography#Positions,_offices,_and_occupational_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography § Positions, offices, and occupational titles</a></div> <p>It is necessary for a reference work to distinguish carefully between an office (such as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>) and an incumbent (such as <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>). A newspaper does not usually need to make this distinction; for a newspaper "President Biden" and "the President" are one and the same during his tenure. </p> <ul><li><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">President Biden nominates new justices of the US Supreme Court</span> – No; whoever is US president at the time does.</li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">President George W. Bush nominated John Roberts as Chief Justice</span> – Yes, as this will always be true.</li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">The president nominated John Roberts as Chief Justice in 2005</span> – Yes, as the year makes this clear.</li> <li><span class="example example-neutral" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;">The guest list included Charles, Prince of Wales</span> – This is usually acceptable for events between <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>'s creation as Prince of Wales in 1958 and his accession to the throne in 2022, as a confusion with <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a>, Prince of Wales until 1625, is highly unlikely. In any event, "Charles, Prince of Wales" would usually be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">linked</a>. <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">The guest list included the Prince of Wales</span> or <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">The Duke and Duchess of Kent</span>, while common in UK news sources, is ambiguous without a name.</li> <li><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Former President Richard Nixon met with Mao Zedong in 1972</span> – This is incorrect because <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> was not a <em>former</em> US president at the time; he was still in office. Write <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">President Richard Nixon met with Mao Zedong in 1972.</span> The construction <span class="example example-neutral" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;">then-President Nixon</span> is often superfluous, unless the context calls for distinctions between periods of Nixon's career, other holders of the office, or between other people also named Nixon.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neologisms_and_new_compounds" data-mw-thread-id="h-Neologisms_and_new_compounds-Expressions_that_lack_precision"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Neologisms_and_new_compounds-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span>Neologisms and new compounds<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Neologisms_and_new_compounds-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_not_a_dictionary#Neologisms" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary">Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary § Neologisms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography#Neopronouns_and_the_singular_they" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography § Neopronouns and the singular they</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:NEO"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:NEO&redirect=no">MOS:NEO</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">Neologisms</a> are expressions coined recently or in isolated circumstances to which they have remained restricted. In most cases, they do not appear in general-interest dictionaries, though they may be used routinely within certain communities or professions. They should generally be avoided because their definitions tend to be unstable and many do not last. Where the use of a neologism is necessary to describe recent developments in a certain field, its meaning must be supported by reliable sources. </p><p>Adding common prefixes or suffixes such as <i>pre-, post-, non-, anti-</i>, or <span class="nowrap"><i>-like</i></span> to existing words to create new compounds can aid brevity, but make sure the resulting terms are not misleading or offensive, and that they do not lend <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to a point of view. For instance, adding <span class="nowrap"><i>-ism</i></span> or <span class="nowrap"><i>-ist</i></span> to a word may suggest that a tenuous belief system is well-established, that a belief's adherents are particularly dogmatic or ideological (as in <i>abortionism</i>), or that factual statements are actually a matter of doctrine (as in <i>evolutionism</i>). Some words, by their structure, can suggest extended forms that may turn out to be contentious (e.g. <i>lesbian</i> and <i>transgender</i> imply the longer words <i>lesbianism</i> and <i>transgenderism</i>, which are sometimes taken as offensive for seeming to imply a belief system or agenda). </p><p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">For additional guidance on <span class="nowrap"><i>-ist/-ism</i></span> terms, see <a href="#Contentious_labels">§ Contentious labels</a>, above.</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Easily_confused_terms" data-mw-thread-id="h-Easily_confused_terms-Expressions_that_lack_precision"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Easily_confused_terms-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span>Easily confused terms<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Easily_confused_terms-Expressions_that_lack_precision"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CONFUSE"></span><span id="MOS:ARAB"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CONFUSE&redirect=no">MOS:CONFUSE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ARAB&redirect=no">MOS:ARAB</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Do not use similar or related words in a way that blurs meaning or is incorrect or distorting. </p><p>For example, the adjective <i>Arab</i> refers to people and things of <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">ethnic Arab</a> origin. The term <i>Arabic</i> generally refers to the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> language or writing system, and related concepts. <i>Arabian</i> relates to the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arabia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Arabia (disambiguation)">historical Arabia</a>. (These terms are all <a href="/wiki/Proper_and_common_nouns" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper and common nouns">capitalized</a>, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Arabic script</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabian_horse" title="Arabian horse"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Arabian horse</span></a>, aside from a few <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters#Peoples_and_their_languages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">conventionalized exceptions</a> that have lost their cultural connection, such as <a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">gum arabic</span></a>.) Do not substitute these terms for <i><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Middle_East" title="Ethnic groups in the Middle East">Middle-eastern</a></i>, etc.; a <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Arab">Muslim Arab</a> is someone who is both Arab and Muslim. </p><p>Similar concerns pertain to many cultural, scientific, and other topics and the terminology used about them. When in doubt about a term, consult major modern dictionaries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Vulgarities,_obscenities,_and_profanities" data-mw-thread-id="h-Vulgarities,_obscenities,_and_profanities"><span id="Vulgarities.2C_obscenities.2C_and_profanities"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Vulgarities,_obscenities,_and_profanities"></span>Vulgarities, obscenities, and profanities<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Vulgarities,_obscenities,_and_profanities"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Offensive_material" title="Wikipedia:Offensive material">Wikipedia:Offensive material</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:VULGAR"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:VULGAR&redirect=no">MOS:VULGAR</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTCENSORED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTCENSORED">Wikipedia is not censored</a>, and the inclusion of material that might offend is compatible with its <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">purpose as an encyclopedia</a>. Quotes should always be verbatim and as they appear in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">original source</a>. However, language that is <a href="/wiki/Vulgarity" title="Vulgarity">vulgar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Obscene">obscene</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Profanity" title="Profanity">profane</a> should be used only if its omission would make an article less accurate or relevant, and if there is no non-obscene alternative. Such words should not be used outside quotations and names except where they are themselves an article topic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles#Careful_language" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles § Careful language</a> – precision matters, and Wikipedia cannot advise</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Subset_terms" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Subset terms</a> – avoid redundant ones</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles</a> – see especially the sections on neutrality and precision</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_idioms" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English idioms">List of English idioms on Wiktionary</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-peacock-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-peacock_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Peacock_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Peacock term">Peacock term</a>}}</code> is available for inline notation of such language where used inappropriately.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:POV-statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:POV-statement">POV-statement</a>}}</code> is available for inline notation of such language where used inappropriately.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The templates <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Who" title="Template:Who">Who</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Which" title="Template:Which">Which</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:By_whom" title="Template:By whom">By whom</a>}}</code>, or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Attribution_needed" title="Template:Attribution needed">Attribution needed</a>}}</code> are available for editors to request an individual statement be more clearly attributed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some sources may use quotation marks to highlight that a word is special for some reason (names of works, words as words, words in other languages, etc). See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting</a> on how to deal with those cases when writing Wikipedia articles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In long-view sciences such as palaeontology, <i><a href="/wiki/Recent" class="mw-redirect" title="Recent">recent</a></i> may have <a href="/wiki/Term_of_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Term of art">terms-of-art</a> meanings such as "within the last 11,700 years" – the <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> – and does not go out of date.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The "as of" technique is implemented in the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:As_of" title="Template:As of">As of</a>}}</code> template; it additionally tags information that will become dated. <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:As_of" title="Template:As of">as of</a>|2024|11}}</code> produces the text <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">As of November 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch&action=edit">[update]</a></sup></span> and categorises the article appropriately. "A new widget is currently being developed" can usefully become something like "a new widget was under development as of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>" or, if supported by a source, "it was announced in November 2007 that a new widget was being developed" (no need for <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:As_of" title="Template:As of">As of</a>}}</code> template). The <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Age" title="Template:Age">Age</a>}}</code> template always displays current age when the text is displayed in Wikipedia, but may not be correct for printouts and non-live text: a person born on 25 December 2000 would be <span class="currentage"></span>23 [entered as <code>{{Age|2000|12|25}}</code>] years old now.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, the template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:When" title="Template:When">When</a>}}</code> is available for editors to indicate when a sentence, or part of one, should be worded more precisely. The <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Out_of_date" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Out of date">Out of date</a>}}</code> template may be used when an article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink/Original,_authentic,_and_traditional" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink/Original, authentic, and traditional">WikiProject Food and Drink, on "original", "traditional", "authentic", and other distracting terminology</a>.</span> However, "traditional" has permissible usage as a <a href="/wiki/Term_of_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Term of art">term of art</a> in particular disciplines, including <a href="/wiki/Folklore_studies" title="Folklore studies">folklore studies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">cultural anthropology</a>: "a <a href="/wiki/Traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional music">traditional song</a> of Jamaica" (as opposed to a modern composition of known authorship), "a traditional religious practice of the <a href="/wiki/Penitentes_(New_Mexico)" title="Penitentes (New Mexico)">Penitentes</a> of northern New Mexico dating to the Conquistador era" (in contrast to a matter of codified Roman Catholic doctrinal practice).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g.: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGowers1954" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gowers" title="Ernest Gowers">Gowers, Ernest</a> (1954). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Plain_Words" title="The Complete Plain Words">The Complete Plain Words</a></i>. <q>Be short, be simple, be human.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Plain+Words&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Gowers&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FWords+to+watch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_the_Blind" title="National Federation of the Blind">National Federation of the Blind</a>, for instance, opposes terms such as <i>sightless</i>, in favor of the straightforward <i>blind</i>. Similarly, the same group argues there is no need to substitute awkward circumlocutions such as <i><a href="/wiki/People-first_language" title="People-first language">people with blindness</a></i> for the simpler phrase <i>blind people</i>; see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfb.org/Images/nfb/Publications/bm/bm93/brlm9308.htm#2">"Resolution 93-01"</a>, National Federation of the Blind, July 9, 1993, accessed April 26, 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Elements_of_Style/Misuse" class="extiw" title="s:The Elements of Style/Misuse"><i>The Elements of Style</i> – Words and Expressions Commonly Misused</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manual_of_Style" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manual_of_Style" title="Template talk:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manual_of_Style" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Words to watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">By topic area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></th><td 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