CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Capture of Recife (1595) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"484c2e97-6613-428a-be5f-c2a93ec1fde1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Capture_of_Recife_(1595)","wgTitle":"Capture of Recife (1595)","wgCurRevisionId":1259309368,"wgRevisionId":1259309368,"wgArticleId":41980081,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles incorporating Cite DNB template","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from March 2017","Conflicts in 1595","16th century in Brazil","History of the Royal Navy","Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)","Military expeditions","1595 in South America","1595 in the British Empire","1595 in the Spanish Empire","1595 in Brazil","History of Recife"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Capture_of_Recife_(1595)","wgRelevantArticleId":41980081,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q15845036","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi" :["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Vista_recife.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="708"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Vista_recife.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="472"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="378"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Capture of Recife (1595) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Capture_of_Recife_1595 rootpage-Capture_of_Recife_1595 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Capture+of+Recife+%281595%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Capture+of+Recife+%281595%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Capture+of+Recife+%281595%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Capture+of+Recife+%281595%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expedition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expedition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Expedition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Expedition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Expedition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Expedition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capture_of_Recife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_of_Recife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Capture of Recife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_of_Recife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Capture of Recife (1595)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saqueig_de_Recife" title="Saqueig de Recife – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Saqueig de Recife" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presa_di_Recife_(1595)" title="Presa di Recife (1595) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presa di Recife (1595)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saque_do_Recife" title="Saque do Recife – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Saque do Recife" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15845036#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Capture_of_Recife_(1595)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&oldid=1259309368" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Capture_of_Recife_%281595%29&id=1259309368&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCapture_of_Recife_%281595%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCapture_of_Recife_%281595%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Capture_of_Recife_%281595%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15845036" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English victory over Spain in Brazil</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Capture of Recife (1595)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo%E2%80%93Spanish_War_(1585)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo–Spanish War (1585)">Anglo–Spanish War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_recife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vista_recife.jpg/300px-Vista_recife.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vista_recife.jpg/450px-Vista_recife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Vista_recife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="295" /></a></span><br />Recife in the early 17th century by <a href="/wiki/Gillis_Peeters_the_Elder" title="Gillis Peeters the Elder">Gillis Peeters</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>30 March – April 1595</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_of_Pernambuco" title="Captaincy of Pernambuco">Captaincy of Pernambuco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Colonial Brazil</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> English victory<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spain</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281578%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Portugal under Philip of Spain</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Jorge de Albuquerque Coelho</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/James_Lancaster" title="James Lancaster">James Lancaster</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 350 soldiers and militia<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Unknown Indian allies</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 5 ships<br />30 prizes<br />400 soldiers & sailors<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1 galley frigate captured,<br />29 other prizes<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Recife</b>: 120 killed, wounded or captured<br />8 ships captured<br />All stores captured<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 60 casualties or to disease<br />1 prize scuttled<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585–1604)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Anglo-Spanish_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Anglo-Spanish War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Anglo-Spanish_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Anglo-Spanish War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Anglo-Spanish_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Anglo-Spanish War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585–1604)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)"><span class="wrap">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Caribbean and South America</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_de_Ul%C3%BAa_(1568)" title="Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568)">San Juan de Ulúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573" title="Francis Drake's expedition of 1572–1573">Drake's 1572-73 expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_circumnavigation" title="Francis Drake's circumnavigation">Drake's circumnavigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_S%C3%A3o_Vicente" title="Battle of São Vicente">São Vicente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)" title="Battle of Santo Domingo (1586)">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias_(1586)" title="Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586)">Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_St._Augustine" title="Raid on St. Augustine">St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavendish%27s_circumnavigation" title="Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation">Cavendish's circumnavigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watts%27_West_Indies_and_Virginia_expedition" title="Watts' West Indies and Virginia expedition">Spanish West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Western_Cuba" title="Blockade of Western Cuba">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport%27s_1592_expedition" title="Newport's 1592 expedition">Hispaniola <b>·</b> Bay of Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Puerto_Caballos_(1594)" title="Raid on Puerto Caballos (1594)">1st Puerto Caballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_San_Mateo_Bay" title="Action of San Mateo Bay">San Mateo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Recife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh%27s_El_Dorado_expedition" title="Raleigh's El Dorado expedition">Trinidad <b>·</b> Orinoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston%E2%80%93Somers_expedition" title="Preston–Somers expedition">La Guaira <b>·</b> Caracas <b>·</b> Coro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalupe_Island_(1595)" title="Battle of Guadalupe Island (1595)">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1595)" title="Battle of San Juan (1595)">1st San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake%27s_Assault_on_Panama" title="Drake's Assault on Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pinos" title="Battle of Pinos">Pinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1598)" title="Battle of San Juan (1598)">2nd San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Tabasco_(1599)" title="Raid on Tabasco (1599)">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Portobello_(1601)" title="Capture of Portobello (1601)">Portobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Puerto_Caballos_(1603)" title="Battle of Puerto Caballos (1603)">2nd Puerto Caballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Santiago_de_Cuba_(1603)" title="Raid on Santiago de Cuba (1603)">Santiago de Cuba</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Atlantic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vila_Franca_do_Campo" title="Battle of Vila Franca do Campo">Vila Franca do Campo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Azores" title="Conquest of the Azores">Terceira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_expedition_(1585)" title="Newfoundland expedition (1585)">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_off_Bermuda_(1585)" title="Action off Bermuda (1585)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Santiago_(1585)" title="Capture of Santiago (1585)">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portudal%E2%80%93Joal_Massacre" title="Portudal–Joal Massacre">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azores_Voyage_of_1589" title="Azores Voyage of 1589">1st Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flores_(1591)" title="Battle of Flores (1591)">1st Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flores_(1592)" title="Battle of Flores (1592)">2nd Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Faial" title="Action of Faial">Faial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Palmas" title="Battle of Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_Voyage" title="Islands Voyage">2nd Azores</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>European waters</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Scheldt_(1574)" title="Battle of the Scheldt (1574)">Scheldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pantelleria_(1586)" title="Battle of Pantelleria (1586)">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singeing_the_King_of_Spain%27s_Beard" title="Singeing the King of Spain's Beard">1st Cádiz <b>·</b>Algarve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada (1st Calais <b>·</b> Gravelines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">English Armada (Corunna <b>·</b> Lisbon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bayona_Islands_(1590)" title="Battle of Bayona Islands (1590)">Bayona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Strait_of_Gibraltar_(1590)" title="Battle of the Strait of Gibraltar (1590)">1st Gibraltar Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Strait_of_Gibraltar_(1591)" title="Battle of the Strait of Gibraltar (1591)">2nd Gibraltar Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Berlengas_(1591)" title="Battle of the Berlengas (1591)">Berlengas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Almer%C3%ADa_(1591)" title="Battle of the Gulf of Almería (1591)">Gulf of Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barbary_Coast" title="Battle of the Barbary Coast">Barbary Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bay_of_Biscay_(1592)" title="Battle of the Bay of Biscay (1592)">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Mount%27s_Bay" title="Raid on Mount's Bay">Mount's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Cawsand" title="Attack on Cawsand">Cawsand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Capture of Cádiz">2nd Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Spanish_Armada" title="2nd Spanish Armada">Cape Finisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Spanish_Armada" title="3rd Spanish Armada">Cornwall <b>·</b> West Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sesimbra_Bay" title="Battle of Sesimbra Bay">Sesimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Narrow_Seas" title="Battle of the Narrow Seas">Dover Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Cadiz_(1604)" title="Battle of the Gulf of Cadiz (1604)">Gulf of Cádiz</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Low Countries and Germany</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mons_(1572)" title="Siege of Mons (1572)">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Goes" title="Relief of Goes">Goes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Middelburg_(1572%E2%80%931574)" title="Siege of Middelburg (1572–1574)">Middelburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Haarlem" title="Siege of Haarlem">Haarlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Geertruidenberg_(1573)" title="Capture of Geertruidenberg (1573)">1st Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leiden" title="Siege of Leiden">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delft_(1573)" title="Battle of Delft (1573)">Delft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Valkenburg_(1574)" title="Capture of Valkenburg (1574)">Valkenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Schoonhoven_(1575)" title="Siege of Schoonhoven (1575)">Schoonhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gembloux_(1578)" title="Battle of Gembloux (1578)">Gembloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rijmenam_(1578)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Rijmenam (1578)">Rijmenam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borgerhout" title="Battle of Borgerhout">Borgerhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Fury_at_Mechelen" title="English Fury at Mechelen">Mechelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Steenwijk_(1580%E2%80%931581)" title="Siege of Steenwijk (1580–1581)">1st Steenwijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kollum" title="Battle of Kollum">Kollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Noordhorn" title="Battle of Noordhorn">Noordhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Niezijl" title="Siege of Niezijl">Niezijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lochem_(1582)" title="Siege of Lochem (1582)">Lochem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lier_(1582)" title="Siege of Lier (1582)">Lier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Eindhoven_(1583)" title="Siege of Eindhoven (1583)">Eindhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Steenbergen_(1583)" title="Battle of Steenbergen (1583)">Steenbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Aalst_(1584)" title="Capture of Aalst (1584)">Aalst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Antwerp" title="Fall of Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_IJsseloord" title="Siege of IJsseloord">Arnhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Grave_(1586)" title="Siege of Grave (1586)">1st Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Venlo_(1586)" title="Siege of Venlo (1586)">Venlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Axel" title="Capture of Axel">Axel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1586%E2%80%931590)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1586–1590)">1st Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zutphen" title="Battle of Zutphen">1st Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sluis_(1587)" title="Siege of Sluis (1587)">1st Sluis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bergen_op_Zoom_(1588)" title="Siege of Bergen op Zoom (1588)">Bergen op Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Geertruidenberg_(1589)" title="Capture of Geertruidenberg (1589)">2nd Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Breda_(1590)" title="Capture of Breda (1590)">Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zutphen_(1591)" title="Siege of Zutphen (1591)">2nd Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Deventer_(1591)" title="Siege of Deventer (1591)">Deventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Delfzijl" title="Capture of Delfzijl">Delfzijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Knodsenburg" title="Siege of Knodsenburg">Knodsenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1591)" title="Siege of Hulst (1591)">1st Hulst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nijmegen_(1591)" title="Siege of Nijmegen (1591)">Nijmegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Steenwijk_(1592)" title="Siege of Steenwijk (1592)">2nd Steenwijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coevorden_(1592)" title="Siege of Coevorden (1592)">1st Coevorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Geertruidenberg_(1593)" title="Siege of Geertruidenberg (1593)">3rd Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coevorden_(1593)" title="Siege of Coevorden (1593)">2nd Coevorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groningen_(1594)" title="Siege of Groningen (1594)">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Huy_(1595)" title="Siege of Huy (1595)">Huy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1595)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1595)">1st Groenlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lippe" title="Battle of the Lippe">Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1596)" title="Siege of Hulst (1596)">2nd Hulst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turnhout_(1597)" title="Battle of Turnhout (1597)">Turnhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1597)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1597)">2nd Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Meurs_(1597)" title="Siege of Meurs (1597)">Meurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1597)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1597)">2nd Groenlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bredevoort_(1597)" title="Siege of Bredevoort (1597)">Bredevoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Enschede_(1597)" title="Capture of Enschede (1597)">Enschede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Ootmarsum" title="Capture of Ootmarsum">Ootmarsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Oldenzaal_(1597)" title="Siege of Oldenzaal (1597)">Oldenzaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lingen_(1597)" title="Siege of Lingen (1597)">Lingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Schenckenschans_(1599)" title="Siege of Schenckenschans (1599)">Schenckenschans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zaltbommel" title="Siege of Zaltbommel">Zaltbommel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rees_(1599)" title="Siege of Rees (1599)">Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_San_Andreas_(1600)" title="Siege of San Andreas (1600)">San Andreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nieuwpoort" title="Battle of Nieuwpoort">Nieuwpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1601)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1601)">3rd Rheinberg <b>·</b> 2nd Meurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ostend" title="Siege of Ostend">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_%27s-Hertogenbosch_(1601)" title="Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch (1601)">'s-Hertogenbosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Grave_(1602)" title="Siege of Grave (1602)">2nd Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny_of_Hoogstraten#Mutiny_&_siege" title="Mutiny of Hoogstraten">Hoogstraten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sluis_(1604)" title="Siege of Sluis (1604)">Ardenburg <b>·</b> Oostberg <b>·</b> 2nd Sluis</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>France</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arques" title="Battle of Arques">Arques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ivry" title="Battle of Ivry">Ivry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(1590)" title="Siege of Paris (1590)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%C3%A2teau-Laudran" title="Battle of Château-Laudran">Château-Laudran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rouen_(1591%E2%80%931592)" title="Siege of Rouen (1591–1592)">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caudebec" title="Siege of Caudebec">Caudebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craon" title="Battle of Craon">Craon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaye" title="Battle of Blaye">Blaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Morlaix_(1594)" title="Siege of Morlaix (1594)">Morlaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Crozon" title="Siege of Fort Crozon">Crozon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Calais_(1596)" title="Siege of Calais (1596)">2nd Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amiens_(1597)" title="Siege of Amiens (1597)">Amiens</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ireland</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carrigafoyle_Castle" title="Siege of Carrigafoyle Castle">Carrigafoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smerwick" title="Siege of Smerwick">Smerwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada_in_Ireland" title="Spanish Armada in Ireland">Irish West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kinsale" title="Siege of Kinsale">Kinsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castlehaven" title="Battle of Castlehaven">Castlehaven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Capture of Recife</b> also known as <b>James Lancaster's 1595 Expedition</b> or <b>Lancaster's Pernambucan expedition</b> was an English military expedition during the <a href="/wiki/Anglo%E2%80%93Spanish_War_(1585)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo–Spanish War (1585)">Anglo–Spanish War</a> in which the primary objective was the capture of the town and port of <a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_of_Pernambuco" title="Captaincy of Pernambuco">Captaincy of Pernambuco</a> in the Portuguese colony of <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a> (then within the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a> with Spain) in April 1595. An English expedition of ships led by <a href="/wiki/James_Lancaster" title="James Lancaster">James Lancaster</a> sailed via the Atlantic capturing numerous prizes before he captured Recife. He held the place for nearly a month and then proceeded to defeat a number of Portuguese counterattacks before leaving. The booty captured was substantial, Lancaster <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">chartered</a> Dutch and French ships that were also present there thus making the expedition a military and financial success.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By virtue of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Treaty_of_1373" title="Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373">Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373</a> was in abeyance, and as the Anglo–Spanish War was still ongoing, attacks on Portuguese shipping and colonies were a fair target for the English.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first ever English expedition under James Lancaster was attempted to the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a> via <a href="/wiki/Penang_Island" title="Penang Island">Penang Island</a> in June 1592. Remaining there until September, Portuguese and Spanish ships were plundered which although highly profitable had been a near disaster in terms of lives lost to storms and disease.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 38">: 38 </span></sup> Lancaster newly returned in 1593, decided on an expedition to Portuguese Brazil to tap the lucrative <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spice</a> market.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lancaster mustered a small fleet of a joint stock venture in late 1594 with <a href="/wiki/John_Watts_(merchant)" title="John Watts (merchant)">John Watts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Boreman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Boreman (page does not exist)">Simon Boreman</a>, Paul Bayning, John More, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Shute (page does not exist)">William Shute</a> as the leading investors.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fleet consisted of <i>Consent</i> of 350 tons owned by Watts, followed by Boreman's <i>Saloman</i> of 170 tons and <i>Virgin</i> of 60 tons; these were effectively armed merchant ships some of which had been used against the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_armada" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish armada">Spanish armada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lancaster had been raised amongst the Portuguese, spoke the language, and had been a trader with them before war had broken out.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xx">: xx </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expedition">Expedition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jameslancaster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jameslancaster.jpg/220px-Jameslancaster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jameslancaster.jpg/330px-Jameslancaster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jameslancaster.jpg/440px-Jameslancaster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2596" /></a><figcaption>Sir <b>James Lancaster</b> who commanded the expedition to Recife</figcaption></figure> <p>In October 1594 they sailed from <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth, England">Plymouth, England</a>, and on the outward voyage the English took several Spanish and Portuguese prizes and were joined by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Venner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Venner (page does not exist)">Edward Venner</a> captain of the <i>Peregrine</i> out of <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth, England">Portsmouth</a> and <i>Welcome</i> of Plymouth who with them also had a number of Spanish prizes.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combined forces soon captured its largest prize yet, a large Spanish <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">galley-frigate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As they sailed further South a few of the ships headed back to cash in the prizes, and whilst raiding supplies at <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a> Lancaster learned from prisoners of a wine ship that a rich <a href="/wiki/Carrack" title="Carrack">carrack</a> from the East Indies had been wrecked near <a href="/wiki/Olinda" title="Olinda">Olinda</a> of which her cargo was safely stowed at Recife.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was great news for Lancaster which gave him even more of an incentive to take Recifie. The fleet now totaling nearly fifteen ships would accompany him there and converted the galley-frigate into a troop ship.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 38">: 38 </span></sup> </p><p>By the end of March 1595 Lancaster arrived at Recife which is located where the <a href="/wiki/Beberibe_River" title="Beberibe River">Beberibe River</a> meets the <a href="/wiki/Capibaribe_River" title="Capibaribe River">Capibaribe River</a> to flow into the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> and as such for the Portuguese it is a major port which was governed by Jorge de Albuquerque Coelho. The place is surrounded by many small coral islands and rivers while Recife itself is protected by Fort São Jorge which lies on a spit of land which leads directly via a sandy isthmus to the next port of Olinda.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Lancaster arrived he found three sixty-ton Dutch <a href="/wiki/Fluyt" title="Fluyt">fluitships</a> already there intending to take the cargo and prevent it going back to Portugal. Lancaster went aboard the Dutch ship and made arrangements with their commander, both of whom agreed to share the spoils as the English had the means to take the town and hold it, whilst the Dutch did not.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 51">: 51 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_of_Recife">Capture of Recife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Capture of Recife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the early hours of Good Friday, Lancaster landed his troops on the beach and surrounded Recife on both land and sea so that the Portuguese would be confused as to where the main attack was to come from.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a preliminary naval bombardment the English attacked on all sides and the Portuguese resistance, although strong to start with, soon petered out; Fort São Jorge was overwhelmed and the spit of land was taken with only minor loss and consequently the town itself was taken with little resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The garrison fled to Olinda almost three miles away and took refuge, meanwhile Lancaster, with only ten casualties, permitted not the slightest disorder after the place was taken.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 51">: 51 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Now in possession of the area Lancaster knew the Portuguese were preparing a counterattack so he strengthened Fort São Jorge (using the captured ordnance) which connected Recife with Olinda. He then proceeded at leisure to stow his ships with the goods found in the town of which there nearly 100 houses and store buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He agreed a fee with the Dutch captains to take a load of looted sugar and <a href="/wiki/Brazil_wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazil wood">Brazil wood</a> to England instead of Holland with <i>Virgin</i> to make sure they did, in effect using a diplomacy to <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">charter</a> the Dutch ships.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Portuguese however intended to drive the English away so made several attempts at retaking the town, but each time assaulting the fortified isthmus they were repelled with heavy losses.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next attempt was made via the waters; blazing rafts were sent down the river and at the same time an attempt by fire-ships on sea was also made but these attempts were frustrated by Lancaster.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Recife_sto_antonio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Recife_sto_antonio.jpg/300px-Recife_sto_antonio.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Recife_sto_antonio.jpg/450px-Recife_sto_antonio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Recife_sto_antonio.jpg/600px-Recife_sto_antonio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption>The coast of Recife with Fort São Jorge on the spit of land on the right.</figcaption></figure> <p>A number of French corsairs arrived during the middle of the occupation and Lancaster, being an exceptional diplomat as well of military mind, gave them <a href="/wiki/Brazilwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilwood">Brazilwood</a> in order to keep them satisfied; as a result they left without any bloodshed and even chartered one of the French ships to sail to England, a number of them also stayed to fight with the English.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 52">: 52 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this extra number Lancaster ordered an attack on Olinda in order to deter any aggression while they consolidated their gains. This was achieved at night and Olinda was sacked after meeting little resistance with more booty taken, the majority being sugar.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After remaining in possession of Recife for more than twenty days Lancaster knew that he would have to leave soon and prepared to sail. The Portuguese however were observed constructing a battery to command the entrance of the harbor, and Lancaster, sent a strong party of 275 men to destroy their work.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attacking at night the English surprised the Portuguese who fled and the destruction was achieved, but some order was lost as fifty of the English ran forward, beyond the cover of the ships' broadsides, were met by a large body of Portuguese and their Indian allies and were ambushed.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 53">: 53 </span></sup> Almost all the officers of the party including Venner (who was trying to get them back), and others to the number of thirty-five were killed before the rest found the safety of the English lines.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buoyed by this success the Portuguese with their Indian allies then launched another attack on the isthmus, only to be repelled again this time with the help of the ships guns.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this close call Lancaster decided that the occupation had reached its end and decided to take advantage of leaving unmolested with the destruction of the battery.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lancaster put to sea with fifteen vessels ladened with merchandises but a strong gale outside caused the fleet to be scattered.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lancaster had four ships with him and arrived in <a href="/wiki/The_Downs_(ship_anchorage)" title="The Downs (ship anchorage)">the Downs</a> in July, only one ship never made it, that being a Portuguese prize heavily damaged in gales and lack of crew so was scuttled.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The declared value of the bulk of goods from the carrack brought back by <i>Consent</i> and <i>Salomon</i> was £31,000 and the cargo of <i>Virgin</i> and two of the fluitships were assessed at £15,000. <i>Pereguine</i>, <i>Welcome</i> their prize and the other fluitship carried at least as much totaling over £51,000.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57">: 57 </span></sup> As well as Brazil wood the carracks cargo consisted of <a href="/wiki/Cubeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubeb">pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mace_(spice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mace (spice)">mace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzoin_resin" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzoin resin">Benzoin resin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">frankincense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lac_(resin)" title="Lac (resin)">gum-lac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aloes" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloes">aloes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calicoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicoes">calicoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rutile" title="Rutile">rutile quartz blonde stones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all the total would have represented £6,100 for the Lord Admiral and £3,050 for the Queen.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also of importance were new Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Rutter_(nautical)" title="Rutter (nautical)">rutters</a> captured at Recife; Lancaster would use them to great effect for the first ever English <a href="/wiki/Red_Dragon_(1595)#East_India_Company,_First_Voyage_(1601–1603)" title="Red Dragon (1595)">East India company expedition</a> in 1601.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> on hearing the news of the raid, as well as <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Raleigh%27s_El_Dorado_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition">capture of the settlement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preston_Somers_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preston Somers Expedition">the sack</a> of <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_Somers" title="George Somers">George Somers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amyas_Preston" title="Amyas Preston">Amyas Preston</a> was enraged. He held the notion that any attack must be answered by an appropriate response, since a failure to act would be taken by friends and foes alike as a sign of weakness, and lead ultimately to the ruin of his states. As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Mount%27s_Bay" title="Raid on Mount's Bay">Spanish raid on Mount's Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> on 13 August of the same year was carried out in retaliation.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57">: 57 </span></sup> </p><p>The Portuguese would soon increase Recife's defenses and forts were built on the isthmus between Recife and Olinda to deter subsequent attacks but to little avail. The Dutch would return here again and again before being <a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Recife" class="mw-redirect" title="Recapture of Recife">forced out by the mid 1600s</a> by the Portuguese. The attack on Recife however goes down in history as being the last attack ever made by the English on the coast of Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Recife_(1630)" title="Siege of Recife (1630)">Siege of Recife (1630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Recife" class="mw-redirect" title="Recapture of Recife">Recapture of Recife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated0_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bicheno pg 308-09</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ebert p.146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Foster pg 35-54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated7-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank p. 42-47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHolmes1829" class="citation book cs1">Holmes, Abiel (1829). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annalsamericafr02holmgoog"><i>The Annals of America: From the Discovery by Columbus in the Year 1492, to the Year 1826</i></a>. Harvard University: Hilliard and Brown. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annalsamericafr02holmgoog/page/n125">111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annals+of+America%3A+From+the+Discovery+by+Columbus+in+the+Year+1492%2C+to+the+Year+1826&rft.place=Harvard+University&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Hilliard+and+Brown&rft.date=1829&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Abiel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fannalsamericafr02holmgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrews pg 211-12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated6-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkham1877" class="citation book cs1">Markham, Clements Robert (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nDAMAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster to the East Indies, Volume 56</i></a>. Hakluyt Society. pp. 35–37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Voyages+of+Sir+James+Lancaster+to+the+East+Indies%2C+Volume+56&rft.pages=35-37&rft.pub=Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1877&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=Clements+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnDAMAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated8-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHakluyt2006" class="citation book cs1">Hakluyt, Richard (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IvNFWHagzwIC&dq=Richard+Hakluyt+Voyages+and+discoveries"><i>Voyages and Discoveries</i></a>. Penguin UK. pp. 375–85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141922003" title="Special:BookSources/9780141922003"><bdi>9780141922003</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyages+and+Discoveries&rft.pages=375-85&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780141922003&rft.aulast=Hakluyt&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIvNFWHagzwIC%26dq%3DRichard%2BHakluyt%2BVoyages%2Band%2Bdiscoveries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lancaster, James"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Lancaster,_James">"Lancaster, James" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lancaster%2C+James&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1885%2F1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Koebel pg 74-75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Howego pg. 606</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hufferd p.206</span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews1964" class="citation book cs1">Andrews, Kenneth R. (3 January 1964). <i>Elizabethan Privateering 1583-1603</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 180–81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521040327" title="Special:BookSources/9780521040327"><bdi>9780521040327</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabethan+Privateering+1583-1603&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=180-81&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1964-01-03&rft.isbn=9780521040327&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBicheno2012" class="citation book cs1">Bicheno, Hugh. (2012). <i>Elizabeth's Sea Dogs: How England's Mariners Became the Scourge of the Seas</i>. Conway. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1844861743" title="Special:BookSources/978-1844861743"><bdi>978-1844861743</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth%27s+Sea+Dogs%3A+How+England%27s+Mariners+Became+the+Scourge+of+the+Seas&rft.pub=Conway&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1844861743&rft.aulast=Bicheno&rft.aufirst=Hugh.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2010" class="citation book cs1">Bradley, Peter T. (2010). <i>British Maritime Enterprise in the New World: From the Late Fifteenth to the Mid-eighteenth Century</i>. Edwin Mellen Press Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0773478664" title="Special:BookSources/978-0773478664"><bdi>978-0773478664</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Maritime+Enterprise+in+the+New+World%3A+From+the+Late+Fifteenth+to+the+Mid-eighteenth+Century&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Press+Ltd&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0773478664&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Peter+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert2008" class="citation book cs1">Ebert, Christopher (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B-582qsqf2sC&dq=lancaster+recife+1595"><i>Between Empires: Brazilian Sugar in the Early Atlantic Economy, 1550-1630 Volume 16 of The Atlantic world</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004167681" title="Special:BookSources/9789004167681"><bdi>9789004167681</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Empires%3A+Brazilian+Sugar+in+the+Early+Atlantic+Economy%2C+1550-1630+Volume+16+of+The+Atlantic+world&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789004167681&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB-582qsqf2sC%26dq%3Dlancaster%2Brecife%2B1595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1940" class="citation book cs1">Foster, William (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.533354"><i>The voyages of Sir James Lancaster to Brazil and the East Indies, 1591-1603</i></a>. The Hakluyt Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409414520" title="Special:BookSources/9781409414520"><bdi>9781409414520</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+voyages+of+Sir+James+Lancaster+to+Brazil+and+the+East+Indies%2C+1591-1603&rft.pub=The+Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1940&rft.isbn=9781409414520&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.533354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranks2006" class="citation book cs1">Franks, Michael (2006). <i>The Basingstoke Admiral: A Life of Sir James Lancaster (c. 1554 - 1618)</i>. Hobnob Press, 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780946418596" title="Special:BookSources/9780946418596"><bdi>9780946418596</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Basingstoke+Admiral%3A+A+Life+of+Sir+James+Lancaster+%28c.+1554+-+1618%29&rft.pub=Hobnob+Press%2C+2006&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780946418596&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowego2001" class="citation book cs1">Howego, Raymond (2001). <i>Encyclopedia of Exploration</i>. Hordern House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1875567362" title="Special:BookSources/978-1875567362"><bdi>978-1875567362</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Exploration&rft.pub=Hordern+House&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1875567362&rft.aulast=Howego&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHufferd2005" class="citation book cs1">Hufferd, James (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QKZj8c_ex5IC&dq=recife+1595+lancaster"><i>Cruzeiro do sul: a history of Brazil's half millennium, Volume 1</i></a>. AuthorHouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781468531367" title="Special:BookSources/9781468531367"><bdi>9781468531367</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cruzeiro+do+sul%3A+a+history+of+Brazil%27s+half+millennium%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781468531367&rft.aulast=Hufferd&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQKZj8c_ex5IC%26dq%3Drecife%2B1595%2Blancaster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoebel2011" class="citation book cs1">Koebel, W.H. (2011). <i>South America</i> (Illustrated ed.). The Echo Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1406866964" title="Special:BookSources/978-1406866964"><bdi>978-1406866964</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+America&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=The+Echo+Library&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1406866964&rft.aulast=Koebel&rft.aufirst=W.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Recife+%281595%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>External links</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/102005410">Recife—A City Made by Sugar</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&oldid=1259309368">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&oldid=1259309368</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1595" title="Category:Conflicts in 1595">Conflicts in 1595</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th_century_in_Brazil" title="Category:16th century in Brazil">16th century in Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Category:History of the Royal Navy">History of the Royal Navy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Category:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_expeditions" title="Category:Military expeditions">Military expeditions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1595_in_South_America" title="Category:1595 in South America">1595 in South America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1595_in_the_British_Empire" title="Category:1595 in the British Empire">1595 in the British Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1595_in_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Category:1595 in the Spanish Empire">1595 in the Spanish Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1595_in_Brazil" title="Category:1595 in Brazil">1595 in Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Recife" title="Category:History of Recife">History of Recife</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_Cite_DNB_template" title="Category:Articles incorporating Cite DNB template">Articles incorporating Cite DNB template</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2017">Use dmy dates from March 2017</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 13:19<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Recife_(1595)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-w98px","wgBackendResponseTime":123,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.455","walltime":"0.594","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4288,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":77139,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8697,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":57281,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 486.486 1 -total"," 29.37% 142.882 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 27.61% 134.318 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.80% 125.509 12 Template:Cite_book"," 18.46% 89.785 1 Template:Campaignbox_Anglo-Spanish_War"," 18.06% 87.860 1 Template:Campaignbox"," 13.36% 65.004 1 Template:Short_description"," 13.36% 64.993 9 Template:Rp"," 11.76% 57.207 9 Template:R/superscript"," 8.12% 39.479 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.243","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6903628,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-n95fp","timestamp":"20241124131902","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Capture of Recife (1595)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15845036","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15845036","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2014-02-18T16:19:45Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T13:19:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/29\/Vista_recife.jpg","headline":"English victory over Spain in Brazil"}</script> </body> </html>