CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Venus figurine - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"805f8f0d-2d2c-440d-ae34-f21b6df249e3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Venus_figurine","wgTitle":"Venus figurine","wgCurRevisionId":1250739407,"wgRevisionId":1250739407,"wgArticleId":571630,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use British English from November 2019","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2024","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Venus figurines", "Archaeological artefact types","Prehistoric sculpture","Stone Age Europe","Upper Paleolithic","Prehistoric art","Women and sexuality","Sexuality in arts","Female beauty"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Venus_figurine","wgRelevantArticleId":571630,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q248726","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Wien_NHM_Venus_von_Willendorf.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1775"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Wien_NHM_Venus_von_Willendorf.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1184"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="947"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Venus figurine - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_figurine"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_figurine"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Venus_figurine rootpage-Venus_figurine skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Venus+figurine" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Venus+figurine" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Venus+figurine" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Venus+figurine" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_discovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_discovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History of discovery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_discovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Figure_details" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Figure_details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Figure details</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Figure_details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_female_figurines_and_continuity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_female_figurines_and_continuity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later female figurines and continuity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_female_figurines_and_continuity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_figurines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_figurines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable figurines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_figurines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Venus figurine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="تمثال فينوس المصغر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تمثال فينوس المصغر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Палеалітычная Венера – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палеалітычная Венера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Палеолитна Венера – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Палеолитна Венера" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_prehist%C3%B2rica" title="Venus prehistòrica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Venus prehistòrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venu%C5%A1e_(figurka)" title="Venuše (figurka) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Venuše (figurka)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venusfigurine" title="Venusfigurine – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Venusfigurine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venusfigurinen" title="Venusfigurinen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Venusfigurinen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Παλαιολιθικό ειδώλιο Αφροδίτης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παλαιολιθικό ειδώλιο Αφροδίτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_paleol%C3%ADticas" title="Venus paleolíticas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Venus paleolíticas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venusfiguroj" title="Venusfiguroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Venusfiguroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolitoko_Venus" title="Paleolitoko Venus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paleolitoko Venus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="پیکرک‌های ونوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیکرک‌های ونوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_pal%C3%A9olithique" title="Vénus paléolithique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vénus paléolithique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenusbyldsje" title="Fenusbyldsje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fenusbyldsje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_paleol%C3%ADticas" title="Venus paleolíticas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Venus paleolíticas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_Venere" title="Figure Venere – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Figure Venere" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneri_paleolitiche" title="Veneri paleolitiche – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Veneri paleolitiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="צלמית ונוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צלמית ונוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lekeraporugalafa_kudjotya" title="Lekeraporugalafa kudjotya – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Lekeraporugalafa kudjotya" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolito_Veneros" title="Paleolito Veneros – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paleolito Veneros" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%90sk%C5%91kori_v%C3%A9nuszszobrok_list%C3%A1ja" title="Őskőkori vénuszszobrok listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Őskőkori vénuszszobrok listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Палеолитска Венера – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Палеолитска Венера" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venusbeeldje" title="Venusbeeldje – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Venusbeeldje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B9%E5%B0%8F%E5%83%8F" title="ヴィーナス小像 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィーナス小像" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venusfigurar" title="Venusfigurar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Venusfigurar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8nus_pre%C3%AFstorica" title="Vènus preïstorica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vènus preïstorica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenus_paleolityczna" title="Wenus paleolityczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wenus paleolityczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatuetas_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Estatuetas de Vénus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estatuetas de Vénus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figurine_Venus" title="Figurine Venus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Figurine Venus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Венеры палеолита – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Венеры палеолита" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Venus figurine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venu%C5%A1a_(so%C5%A1ka)" title="Venuša (soška) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Venuša (soška)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venusveistos" title="Venusveistos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venusveistos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venusfiguriner" title="Venusfiguriner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Venusfiguriner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%BCs_heykelcikleri" title="Venüs heykelcikleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Venüs heykelcikleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Палеолітична Венера – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Палеолітична Венера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%8F%E5%83%8F" title="維納斯小像 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維納斯小像" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%8F%E5%83%8F" title="维纳斯小像 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维纳斯小像" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q248726#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Venus_figurine" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Venus_figurine" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Venus_figurine" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&oldid=1250739407" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Venus_figurine&id=1250739407&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVenus_figurine"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVenus_figurine"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Venus_figurine&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Venus_figurines" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q248726" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prehistoric statuettes depicting women</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wien_NHM_Venus_von_Willendorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wien_NHM_Venus_von_Willendorf.jpg/220px-Wien_NHM_Venus_von_Willendorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wien_NHM_Venus_von_Willendorf.jpg/330px-Wien_NHM_Venus_von_Willendorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wien_NHM_Venus_von_Willendorf.jpg/440px-Wien_NHM_Venus_von_Willendorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf" title="Venus of Willendorf">Venus of Willendorf</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VenusHohlefels2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/VenusHohlefels2.jpg/220px-VenusHohlefels2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/VenusHohlefels2.jpg/330px-VenusHohlefels2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/VenusHohlefels2.jpg/440px-VenusHohlefels2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus of Hohle Fels">Venus of Hohle Fels</a>, the earliest Venus figurine</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>Venus figurine</b> is any <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Palaeolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Figurine" title="Figurine">statue</a> portraying a woman, usually carved in <a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Types" title="Sculpture">the round</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fagan,_740-741_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagan,_740-741-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most have been unearthed in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, but others have been found as far away as <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> and distributed across much of <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>. </p><p>Most date from the <a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a> period (26,000–21,000 years ago).<sup id="cite_ref-Fagan,_740-741_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagan,_740-741-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, findings are not limited to this period; for example, the <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus of Hohle Fels">Venus of Hohle Fels</a> dates back at least 35,000 years to the <a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a> era, and the <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Monruz" title="Venus of Monruz">Venus of Monruz</a> dates back about 11,000 years to the <a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a>. Such figurines were carved from soft stone (such as <a href="/wiki/Steatite" class="mw-redirect" title="Steatite">steatite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a> or <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>), bone or ivory, or formed of <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> and fired. The latter are among the oldest <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramics</a> known to historians. In total, over 200 such figurines are known;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> virtually all of modest size, between about 3 and 40 cm (1.2 and 15.7 in) in height.<sup id="cite_ref-Fagan,_740_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagan,_740-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These figurines are recognised as some of the earliest works of <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">prehistoric art</a>. </p><p>Most have wide hips and legs that taper to a point. Arms and feet are often absent, and the head is usually small and faceless. Various figurines exaggerate the abdomen, <a href="/wiki/Hip#Sexual_dimorphism_and_cultural_significance" title="Hip">hips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breast#art_history" title="Breast">breasts</a>, thighs, or <a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">vulva</a>, although many found examples do not reflect these typical characteristics. Depictions of hairstyles can be detailed, and clothing or tattoos may be indicated.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original cultural meaning and purpose of these artefacts is not known. It has frequently been suggested that they may have served a ritual or symbolic function. There are widely varying and speculative interpretations of their use or meaning: they have been seen as religious figures,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an expression of health and fertility, grandmother goddesses, or as self-depictions by female artists.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_discovery">History of discovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_impudique" title="Vénus impudique">Vénus impudique</a></i>, which was the figurine that gave the whole category its name, was the first Palaeolithic sculptural representation of a woman to be discovered in modern times. It was found in 1864 by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hurault,_8th_Marquis_de_Vibraye" title="Paul Hurault, 8th Marquis de Vibraye">Paul Hurault, 8th Marquis de Vibraye</a> at <a href="/wiki/Laugerie-Basse" title="Laugerie-Basse">Laugerie-Basse</a> in the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9z%C3%A8re" title="Vézère">Vézère</a> valley. This valley is one of the many important <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> sites in and around the commune of <a href="/wiki/Les_Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil" title="Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil">Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>, southwestern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The figurines were mostly discovered in settlement contexts, both in open-air sites and caves.<sup id="cite_ref-Fagan,_740-741_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagan,_740-741-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> Venus from <a href="/wiki/Laugerie-Basse" title="Laugerie-Basse">Laugerie-Basse</a> is headless, footless, armless, and displays a strongly emphasised <a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">vulva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four years later, <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Reinach" title="Salomon Reinach">Salomon Reinach</a> published an article about a group of <a href="/wiki/Steatite" class="mw-redirect" title="Steatite">soapstone</a> figurines from the caves of <a href="/wiki/Balzi_Rossi" title="Balzi Rossi">Balzi Rossi</a>. The famous <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf" title="Venus of Willendorf">Venus of Willendorf</a> was excavated in 1908 from a <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a> deposit in the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> valley located in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Since then, hundreds of similar figurines have been discovered from the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> Mountains to the plains of <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mal'ta_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mal'ta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2008, archaeologists from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">University of Tübingen</a> discovered a 6 cm (2.4 in) figurine carved from a <a href="/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth">mammoth</a>'s tusk. This figurine was later called the <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus of Hohle Fels">Venus of Hohle Fels</a> and can be dated to at least 35,000 years ago. It represents the earliest known sculpture of this type and the earliest known work of <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cressey2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cressey2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_impudique_(1907_drawing).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Venus_impudique_%281907_drawing%29.jpg/170px-Venus_impudique_%281907_drawing%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Venus_impudique_%281907_drawing%29.jpg/255px-Venus_impudique_%281907_drawing%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Venus_impudique_%281907_drawing%29.jpg/340px-Venus_impudique_%281907_drawing%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_impudique" title="Vénus impudique">Vénus impudique</a></i>, 1907 drawing</figcaption></figure> <p>Upper Palaeolithic female figurines are collectively described as "Venus figurines" in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman</a> goddess of beauty <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a>. The name was first used in the mid-nineteenth century by the <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hurault,_8th_Marquis_de_Vibraye" title="Paul Hurault, 8th Marquis de Vibraye">Marquis de Vibraye</a>, who discovered an ivory figurine and named it <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_impudique" title="Vénus impudique">La Vénus impudique</a></i> or <i>Venus Impudica</i> ("immodest Venus").<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Marquis then contrasted the ivory figurine to the <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite_Of_Knidos" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphrodite Of Knidos">Aphrodite Of Knidos</a>, a Greco-Roman sculpture depicting Venus covering her naked body with both her hands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 20th century, the general belief among scholars was that the figurines represent an ancient ideal of beauty. Since their discovery, considerable diversity in opinion amongst <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeologists</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Paleoanthropology" title="Paleoanthropology">palaeoanthropological</a> literature has arisen as to the function and significance of the figures.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most scholars that have differing opinions on the purpose of the figurines, such as anthropologist Randall White, also disapprove of the "Venus" name as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of the name is metaphorical as there is no link between the ancient figurines and the Roman goddess <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a>; although they have been interpreted as representations of a primordial female goddess. This perception is said to have derived from the fact that attention is directed to certain features common to most of the figurines, in particular emotionally charged primary and secondary sexual characteristics such as the breasts, stomachs and buttocks.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term has been criticised for being a reflection of modern Western ideas rather than reflecting the beliefs of the sculptures' original owners, but the original names are unknown as well, so the term Venus has persisted.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like many prehistoric artefacts, the exact cultural meaning of these figures may never be known. Archaeologists speculate, however, that they may be symbolic of security and success, <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">fertility</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">mother goddess</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The female figures are a part of Upper Palaeolithic art, specifically the category of Palaeolithic art known as <a href="/wiki/Portable_art" title="Portable art">portable art</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Figure_details">Figure details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Figure details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg/170px-Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg/255px-Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg/340px-Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice" title="Venus of Dolní Věstonice">Venus of Dolní Věstonice</a>, the earliest discovered use of ceramics<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (29,000 – 25,000 BCE)</figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of Venus figurines are depictions of women, and follow artistic conventions of the times. Most of the figurines display the same body shape with the widest point at the abdomen and the female reproductive organs exaggerated. Oftentimes other details, such as the head and limbs, are neglected or absent which leads the figure to be abstracted to the point of simplicity. The heads are often of relatively small size and devoid of detail. Some may represent pregnant women, while others show no indication of pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf" title="Venus of Willendorf">Venus of Willendorf</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Laussel" title="Venus of Laussel">Venus of Laussel</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Rock_relief" title="Rock relief">rock relief</a> rather than a figurine) bear traces of having been externally covered in <a href="/wiki/Red_ochre" class="mw-redirect" title="Red ochre">red ochre</a>. The significance of this is not clear, but is traditionally assumed to be religious or ritual in nature. Some human bodies from the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Palaeolithic</a> era are found similarly covered, so it is assumed this colour had a significant meaning in their culture even though we do not know what.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All generally accepted Palaeolithic female figurines are from the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Palaeolithic">Upper Palaeolithic</a>. Although they were originally mostly considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a> culture, the majority are now associated with the <a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a> cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-Fagan,_740-741;_Beck,_203_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagan,_740-741;_Beck,_203-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these periods, the more rotund figurines are predominant. Within the <a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> cultures, the forms become finer with more detail and the styling of said figures started to become similar within areas of close contact.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite being thought as one of the most 'fertile sources of debate in all of archaeology', Venus figurines appear to be relatively understudied as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A consequence of this is that they are subject to generalised stereotypes that minimize morphological variation and differing contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, there have been many differing interpretations of the figurines since their discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-Fagan,_740-741_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagan,_740-741-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCoid and McDermott suggested that because of the way these figures are depicted, such as the large breasts and lack of feet and faces, these statues were made by women looking at their own bodies. They state that women during the period would not have had access to <a href="/wiki/Mirror" title="Mirror">mirrors</a> to maintain accurate proportions or depict the faces or heads of the figurines. The theory remains difficult to prove or disprove, and Michael S. Bisson suggested that alternatives, such as puddles, could have been used as mirrors.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has also been suggested that the size and shape of the figures makes them suitable for holding through <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">childbirth</a>. </p><p>It has been suggested that they may be a sign of an earlier prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Steatopygia" title="Steatopygia">steatopygia</a>, now associated principally to women of certain African or <a href="/wiki/Andamanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Andamanese">Andamanese</a> ancestry. However the Venuses do not qualify as steatopygian, since they exhibit an angle of approximately 120 degrees between the back and the buttocks, while steatopygia is diagnosed by modern medical standards at an angle of about 90 degrees only.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another modern interpretation, providing an explanation for visible weight variety amongst the figurines, comes from Johnson et al.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here, they argue that differences in the statues can be said to relate to human adaption to climate change. This is because figurines that are seen to be obese or pregnant originate to the earlier art from 38,000 to 14,000 BP - a period where nutritional stress arose as a result of falling temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, they found a correlation between an increase in distance from glacial fronts and a decrease in obesity of the figurines. This was justified as survival and reproduction, in glacial, colder areas, required sufficient nutrition and, consequently, over-nourished woman may have been seen as the ideal of beauty in these areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In "The Mythology of Venus Ancient Calendars and Archaeoastronony," Helen Benigni argues that the consistency in design of these featureless, large-breasted, often pregnant figures throughout a wide region and over a long period of time suggests they represent an archetype of a female <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Creator" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Creator">Supreme Creator</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age inhabitants likely connected women as creators innately tied to the cycles of nature.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The Venus figurines predate the Neolithic (October 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_female_figurines_and_continuity">Later female figurines and continuity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later female figurines and continuity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Neolithic fertility figurines</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:271px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_Statuette_Halaf_Culture_6000-5100_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Female_Statuette_Halaf_Culture_6000-5100_BCE.jpg/181px-Female_Statuette_Halaf_Culture_6000-5100_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Female_Statuette_Halaf_Culture_6000-5100_BCE.jpg/272px-Female_Statuette_Halaf_Culture_6000-5100_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Female_Statuette_Halaf_Culture_6000-5100_BCE.jpg/362px-Female_Statuette_Halaf_Culture_6000-5100_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="1180" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Fertility figurine of the <a href="/wiki/Halaf_culture" title="Halaf culture">Halaf culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, 6000-5100 BCE. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:205px;max-width:205px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:271px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statuette_Mehrgarh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Statuette_Mehrgarh.jpg/203px-Statuette_Mehrgarh.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Statuette_Mehrgarh.jpg/305px-Statuette_Mehrgarh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Statuette_Mehrgarh.jpg/406px-Statuette_Mehrgarh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Fertility figurine from <a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley">Indus Valley</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3000 BCE</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">All part of the Neolithic "Venus figurines" tradition, the abundant breasts and hips of these figurines suggest links to fertility and procreation.</div></div></div></div> <p>Some scholars suggest a direct continuity between Palaeolithic female figurines and later examples of female depictions from the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A female figurine which has "no practical use and is portable" and has the common elements of a Venus figurine (a strong accent or exaggeration of female sex-linked traits, and the lack of complete lower limbs) may be considered to be a Venus figurine, even if archaeological evidence suggests it was produced after the main Palaeolithic period. Some figurines matching this definition originate from the Neolithic era and into the Bronze Age. The period and location in which a figurine was produced helps guide archaeologists to reach conclusions as to whether the art piece found can be defined as a Venus figurine or not. For example, ceramic figurines from the late ceramic Neolithic may be accepted as Venus figurines, while stone figurines from later periods are not. This is a matter of ongoing debate given the strong similarity between many figurines from the Palaeolithic, Neolithic and beyond. A reworked <a href="/wiki/Endocast" title="Endocast">endocast</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Brachiopod" title="Brachiopod">brachiopod</a> from around 6,000 BCE in Norway has been identified as a late Venus figurine.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This means that a given female figurine may or may not be classified as a Venus figure by any given archaeologist, regardless of its date, though most archaeologists disqualify figurines which date later than the Palaeolithic, even though their purpose could have been the same.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_figurines">Notable figurines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable figurines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Age (approx.)</th> <th>Location of discovery</th> <th>Material</th> <th>Year of discovery </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Tan-Tan" title="Venus of Tan-Tan">Venus of Tan-Tan</a> (disputed)</td> <td>300,000–500,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tan-Tan" title="Tan-Tan">Tan-Tan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">Quartzite</a></td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Berekhat_Ram" title="Venus of Berekhat Ram">Venus of Berekhat Ram</a> (disputed)</td> <td>230,000–280,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ram" title="Lake Ram">Lake Ram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scoria" title="Scoria">Scoria</a></td> <td>1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus of Hohle Fels">Venus of Hohle Fels</a></td> <td>35,000–40,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swabian_Alb" class="mw-redirect" title="Swabian Alb">Swabian Alb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_ivory" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammoth ivory">mammoth ivory</a></td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Galgenberg" title="Venus of Galgenberg">Venus of Galgenberg</a></td> <td>30,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpentine group">serpentine rock</a></td> <td>1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice" title="Venus of Dolní Věstonice">Venus of Dolní Věstonice</a></td> <td>27,000–31,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramic</a> </td> <td>1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Mauern" title="Venus of Mauern">Venus of Mauern</a></td> <td>27,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mauern" title="Mauern">Mauern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> </td> <td>1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Laussel" title="Venus of Laussel">Venus of Laussel</a></td> <td>25,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">Southern France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, but a relief </td> <td>1911 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Lespugue" title="Venus of Lespugue">Venus of Lespugue</a></td> <td>24,000–26,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Pyrenees" class="mw-redirect" title="French Pyrenees">French Pyrenees</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> </td> <td>1922 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf" title="Venus of Willendorf">Venus of Willendorf</a></td> <td>24,000–26,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> </td> <td>1908 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Brassempouy" title="Venus of Brassempouy">Venus of Brassempouy</a></td> <td>23,000–25,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brassempouy" title="Brassempouy">Brassempouy</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>ivory </td> <td>1892 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Moravany" title="Venus of Moravany">Venus of Moravany</a></td> <td>23,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moravany_nad_V%C3%A1hom" title="Moravany nad Váhom">Moravany nad Váhom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td>mammoth ivory </td> <td>1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Pet%C5%99kovice" title="Venus of Petřkovice">Venus of Petřkovice</a></td> <td>23,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a>, Czech Republic </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hematite" title="Hematite">hematite</a> </td> <td>1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Mal%27ta" title="Venus figurines of Mal'ta">Venus figurines of Mal'ta</a></td> <td>23,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Oblast" title="Irkutsk Oblast">Irkutsk Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>ivory </td> <td>1928 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venuses_of_Buret%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Venuses of Buret'">Venuses of Buret'</a></td> <td>20,000–21,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Oblast" title="Irkutsk Oblast">Irkutsk Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>ivory, serpentine rock </td> <td>1936 - 1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Kostenki" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus figurines of Kostenki">Venus figurines of Kostenki</a></td> <td>20,000–25,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kostyonki%E2%80%93Borshchyovo_archaeological_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostyonki–Borshchyovo archaeological complex">Kostyonki–Borshchyovo</a>, Russia </td> <td>ivory </td> <td>1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Savignano" title="Venus of Savignano">Venus of Savignano</a></td> <td>20,000–25,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Savignano_sul_Panaro" title="Savignano sul Panaro">Savignano sul Panaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>serpentine rock </td> <td>1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Gagarino" title="Venus figurines of Gagarino">Venus figurines of Gagarino</a></td> <td>20,000–21,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk_Oblast" title="Lipetsk Oblast">Lipetsk Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>ivory </td> <td>1926 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Balzi_Rossi" title="Venus figurines of Balzi Rossi">Venus figurines of Balzi Rossi</a></td> <td>18,000–25,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ventimiglia" title="Ventimiglia">Ventimiglia</a>, Italy </td> <td>ivory, <a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">soapstone</a>, serpentine, <a href="/wiki/Chlorite" title="Chlorite">chlorite</a> </td> <td>1883 - 1895 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_impudique" title="Vénus impudique">Vénus impudique</a></td> <td>16,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laugerie-Basse" title="Laugerie-Basse">Laugerie-Basse</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> </td> <td>1864 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Waldstetten" title="Venus of Waldstetten">Venus of Waldstetten</a></td> <td>15,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waldstetten" title="Waldstetten">Waldstetten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">Quartzite</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Eliseevichi" title="Venus of Eliseevichi">Venus of Eliseevichi</a></td> <td>15,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> </td> <td>1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Zaraysk" title="Venus figurines of Zaraysk">Venus figurines of Zaraysk</a></td> <td>14,000–20,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaraysk" title="Zaraysk">Zaraysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> </td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_G%C3%B6nnersdorf" title="Venus figurines of Gönnersdorf">Venus figurines of Gönnersdorf</a></td> <td>11,500–15,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neuwied" title="Neuwied">Neuwied</a>, Germany </td> <td>ivory, <a href="/wiki/Antler" title="Antler">antler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone</a> </td> <td>1968 - 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Petersfels" title="Venus figurines of Petersfels">Venus figurines of Petersfels</a></td> <td>11,500–15,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Engen,_Germany" title="Engen, Germany">Engen</a>, Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jet_(lignite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet (lignite)">black jet</a> </td> <td>1927- 1932, <p>1974 - 1976, 1978 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Monruz" title="Venus of Monruz">Venus of Monruz</a></td> <td>11,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>black jet </td> <td>1991 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WPVA-khamsa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/22px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/32px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/43px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="124" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts" title="Portal:Visual arts">Visual arts portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminine_beauty_ideal" title="Feminine beauty ideal">Feminine beauty ideal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_Venus" title="Jōmon Venus">Jōmon Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchal_religion" title="Matriarchal religion">Matriarchal religion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/When_God_Was_a_Woman" title="When God Was a Woman">When God Was a Woman</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fagan,_740-741-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fagan,_740-741_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fagan,_740-741_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fagan,_740-741_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fagan,_740-741_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fagan, Brian M., Beck, Charlotte, "Venus Figurines", <i><a href="//archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_m4i0/page/740/mode/2up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:oxfordcompaniont0000unse m4i0/page/740/mode/2up">The Oxford Companion to Archaeology</a></i>, 1996, Oxford University Press, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195076189" title="Special:BookSources/9780195076189">9780195076189</a> pp. 740–741</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holloway</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fagan,_740-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fagan,_740_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fagan, 740</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121053336/http://old.post-gazette.com/healthscience/19990621vvenus2.asp">"Clothing of figurines may be record of Ice Age tribes' skills"</a>. <i>old.post-gazette.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.post-gazette.com/healthscience/19990621vvenus2.asp">the original</a> on 2021-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=old.post-gazette.com&rft.atitle=Clothing+of+figurines+may+be+record+of+Ice+Age+tribes%27+skills&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.post-gazette.com%2Fhealthscience%2F19990621vvenus2.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beck, 207-208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Haviland, Harald Prins, Dana Walrath, Bunny McBride, <i>Anthropology: The Human Challenge</i>, 13th edition, 2010, Cengage Learning, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0495810843" title="Special:BookSources/0495810843">0495810843</a>, 9780495810841,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fm2RY5ZKmDIC&pg=PA220">google books</a>; Cook; Beck, 205-208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2008" class="citation journal cs1">White, Randall (December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogimages.bloggen.be/evodisku/attach/166144.pdf">"The Women of Brassempouy: A Century of Research and Interpretation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 250–303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10816-006-9023-z">10.1007/s10816-006-9023-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161276973">161276973</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022094527/http://blogimages.bloggen.be/evodisku/attach/166144.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Method+and+Theory&rft.atitle=The+Women+of+Brassempouy%3A+A+Century+of+Research+and+Interpretation&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=250-303&rft.date=2008-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10816-006-9023-z&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161276973%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogimages.bloggen.be%2Fevodisku%2Fattach%2F166144.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mal'ta-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mal'ta_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tedesco, Laura Anne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/malt/hd_malt.htm">"Mal'ta (ca. 20,000 B.C.)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231223031431/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/malt/hd_malt.htm">Archived</a> 2023-12-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cressey2009-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cressey2009_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCressey,_Daniel2009" class="citation journal cs1">Cressey, Daniel (13 May 2009). "Ancient Venus rewrites history books". <i>Nature</i>. News. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnews.2009.473">10.1038/news.2009.473</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Ancient+Venus+rewrites+history+books&rft.date=2009-05-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnews.2009.473&rft.au=Cressey%2C+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beck, 202-203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixsonDixson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Dixson, Alan F.; Dixson, Barnaby J. (2012-01-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2011%2F569120">"Venus Figurines of the European Paleolithic: Symbols of Fertility or Attractiveness?"</a>. <i>Journal of Anthropology</i>. <b>2011</b>: 1–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2011%2F569120">10.1155/2011/569120</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Venus+Figurines+of+the+European+Paleolithic%3A+Symbols+of+Fertility+or+Attractiveness%3F&rft.volume=2011&rft.pages=1-11&rft.date=2012-01-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2F2011%2F569120&rft.aulast=Dixson&rft.aufirst=Alan+F.&rft.au=Dixson%2C+Barnaby+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1155%252F2011%252F569120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2006" class="citation journal cs1">White, Randall (2006-11-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10816-006-9023-z">"The Women of Brassempouy: A Century of Research and Interpretation"</a>. <i>Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 250–303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10816-006-9023-z">10.1007/s10816-006-9023-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1072-5369">1072-5369</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161276973">161276973</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Method+and+Theory&rft.atitle=The+Women+of+Brassempouy%3A+A+Century+of+Research+and+Interpretation&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=250-303&rft.date=2006-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161276973%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1072-5369&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10816-006-9023-z&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs10816-006-9023-z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSofferAdovasioHyland2000" class="citation journal cs1">Soffer, O.; Adovasio, J. M.; Hyland, D. C. (2000-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/317381">"The "Venus" Figurines: Textiles, Basketry, Gender, and Status in the Upper Paleolithic"</a>. <i>Current Anthropology</i>. <b>41</b> (4): 511–537. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F317381">10.1086/317381</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0011-3204">0011-3204</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162026727">162026727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=The+%22Venus%22+Figurines%3A+Textiles%2C+Basketry%2C+Gender%2C+and+Status+in+the+Upper+Paleolithic&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=511-537&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162026727%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0011-3204&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F317381&rft.aulast=Soffer&rft.aufirst=O.&rft.au=Adovasio%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=Hyland%2C+D.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1086%2F317381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Dr. Beth Harris & Dr. Steven Zucker (27 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENAZqOoOVaI"><i>Nude Woman (Venus of Willendorf), c. 28,000-25,000 B.C.E.</i></a> (youtube video). Smarthistory, Art History at Khan Academy. Event occurs at 0:21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/ENAZqOoOVaI">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nude+Woman+%28Venus+of+Willendorf%29%2C+c.+28%2C000-25%2C000+B.C.E.&rft.pub=Smarthistory%2C+Art+History+at+Khan+Academy&rft.date=2012-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DENAZqOoOVaI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSofferAdovasioHyland2000" class="citation journal cs1">Soffer, O.; Adovasio, J. M.; Hyland, D. C. (Summer 2000). "The "Venus" Figurines: Textiles, Basketry, Gender, and Status in the Upper Paleolithic". <i>Current Anthropology</i>. <b>41</b> (4): 511–537. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F317381">10.1086/317381</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0011-3204">0011-3204</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162026727">162026727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=The+%22Venus%22+Figurines%3A+Textiles%2C+Basketry%2C+Gender%2C+and+Status+in+the+Upper+Paleolithic&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=511-537&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162026727%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0011-3204&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F317381&rft.aulast=Soffer&rft.aufirst=O.&rft.au=Adovasio%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=Hyland%2C+D.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The body used is the local <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a>, with only traces of clay; there is no trace of surface burnishing or applied pigment. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVandiverSofferKlimaSvoboda1989" class="citation journal cs1">Vandiver, P. B.; Soffer, O.; Klima, B.; Svoboda, J. (1989). "The Origins of Ceramic Technology at Dolni Vestonice, Czechoslovakia". <i>Science</i>. <b>246</b> (4933): 1002–1008. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989Sci...246.1002V">1989Sci...246.1002V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.246.4933.1002">10.1126/science.246.4933.1002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17806391">17806391</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:138977052">138977052</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Ceramic+Technology+at+Dolni+Vestonice%2C+Czechoslovakia&rft.volume=246&rft.issue=4933&rft.pages=1002-1008&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.246.4933.1002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A138977052%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17806391&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989Sci...246.1002V&rft.aulast=Vandiver&rft.aufirst=P.+B.&rft.au=Soffer%2C+O.&rft.au=Klima%2C+B.&rft.au=Svoboda%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sandars, 29; Fagan, 740-741; Cook; Beck, 203-213, who analyses attempts to classify the figures.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sandars, 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fagan,_740-741;_Beck,_203-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fagan,_740-741;_Beck,_203_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fagan, 740-741; Beck, 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott1996" class="citation journal cs1">McDermott, Leroy (1996). "Self-Representation in Upper Paleolithic Female Figurines". <i>Current Anthropology</i>. <b>37</b> (2): 227–275. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F204491">10.1086/204491</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2744349">2744349</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144914396">144914396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Self-Representation+in+Upper+Paleolithic+Female+Figurines&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-275&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144914396%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2744349%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F204491&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=Leroy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoftpedia2007" class="citation web cs1">Softpedia, Stefan Anitei (4 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.softpedia.com/news/What-is-Steatopygia-51231.shtml">"What is Steatopygia?"</a>. <i>news.softpedia.com/</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327102627/https://news.softpedia.com/news/What-is-Steatopygia-51231.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.softpedia.com%2F&rft.atitle=What+is+Steatopygia%3F&rft.date=2007-04-04&rft.aulast=Softpedia&rft.aufirst=Stefan+Anitei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.softpedia.com%2Fnews%2FWhat-is-Steatopygia-51231.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2020" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, Richard J (1 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7902358">"Upper Paleolithic Figurines Showing Women with Obesity may Represent Survival Symbols of Climatic Change"</a>. <i>Obesity a Research Journal</i>. <b>29</b> (1): 11–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Foby.23028">10.1002/oby.23028</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7902358">7902358</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33258218">33258218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obesity+a+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Upper+Paleolithic+Figurines+Showing+Women+with+Obesity+may+Represent+Survival+Symbols+of+Climatic+Change&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-15&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7902358%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33258218&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Foby.23028&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Richard+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7902358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benigni, Helen, ed. 2013. <i>The Mythology of Venus: Ancient Calendars and Archaeoastronomy</i>. Lanham, Maryland : University Press of America.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benigni, Helen, ed. 2013. <i>The Mythology of Venus: Ancient Calendars and Archaeoastronomy</i>. Lanham, Maryland : University Press of America.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=car_not&idNotice=9772">"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"</a>. <i>cartelfr.louvre.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221002112120/https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010119537">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cartelfr.louvre.fr&rft.atitle=Site+officiel+du+mus%C3%A9e+du+Louvre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcartelfr.louvre.fr%2Fcartelfr%2Fvisite%3Fsrv%3Dcar_not%26idNotice%3D9772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musee-barbier-mueller.org/collections/antiquite/art-neolithique/article/figure-feminine-665?lang=fr">"Figure féminine - Les Musées Barbier-Mueller"</a>. <i>www.musee-barbier-mueller.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421202522/http://www.musee-barbier-mueller.org/collections/antiquite/art-neolithique/article/figure-feminine-665%3Flang%3Dfr">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.musee-barbier-mueller.org&rft.atitle=Figure+f%C3%A9minine+-+Les+Mus%C3%A9es+Barbier-Mueller&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musee-barbier-mueller.org%2Fcollections%2Fantiquite%2Fart-neolithique%2Farticle%2Ffigure-feminine-665%3Flang%3Dfr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter Burkert, <i>Homo Necans</i> (1972) 1983:78, with extensive bibliography, including <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ucko" title="Peter Ucko">P.J. Ucko</a>, who contested the identification with mother goddesses and argues for a plurality of meanings, in <i>Anthropomorphic Figurines of Predynastic Egypt and Neolithic Crete with Comparative Material from the Prehistoric Near East and Mainland Greece</i> (1968).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTidemann" class="citation web cs1">Tidemann, Grethe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniforum.uio.no/nyheter/2001/08/venus-fra-svinesund.html">"Venus fra Svinesund"</a>. <i>Uniforum</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uniforum&rft.atitle=Venus+fra+Svinesund&rft.aulast=Tidemann&rft.aufirst=Grethe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniforum.uio.no%2Fnyheter%2F2001%2F08%2Fvenus-fra-svinesund.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Beck, Margaret, in Ratman, Alison E. (ed.), <i>Reading the Body: Representations and Remains in the Archaeological Record</i>, 2000, University of Pennsylvania Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0812217098" title="Special:BookSources/0812217098">0812217098</a>, 9780812217094, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMvUlgYOqRcC&pg=PA202">google books</a></li> <li>Cook, Jill, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/sculpture/jill_cook.php">Venus figurines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230518124747/https://bradshawfoundation.com/sculpture/jill_cook.php">Archived</a> 2023-05-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Video with Dr Jill Cook, Curator of European Prehistory, British Museum</li> <li>Fagan, Brian M., Beck, Charlotte, "Venus Figurines", <i>The Oxford Companion to Archaeology</i>, 1996, Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195076184" title="Special:BookSources/0195076184">0195076184</a>, 9780195076189, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ystMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA740">google books</a></li> <li>Sandars, Nancy K. (1968), <i>Prehistoric Art in Europe</i>. Penguin: Pelican, now Yale, History of Art. (nb 1st ed.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abramova, Z. (1962). <i>Paleolitičeskoe iskusstvo na territorii SSSR</i>, Moskva : Akad. Nauk SSSR, Inst. Archeologii</li> <li>Abramova, Z. (1995). <i>L'Art paléolithique d'Europe orientale et de Sibérie</i>., Grenoble: Jérôme Millon.</li> <li>Cohen, C. (2003). <i>La femme des origines - images de la femme dans la préhistoire occidentale</i>, Belin - Herscher. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7335-0336-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-7335-0336-7">2-7335-0336-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConard2009" class="citation journal cs1">Conard, Nicholas J. (2009). "A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany". <i>Nature</i>. <b>459</b> (7244): 248–252. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Natur.459..248C">2009Natur.459..248C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature07995">10.1038/nature07995</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19444215">19444215</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205216692">205216692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+female+figurine+from+the+basal+Aurignacian+of+Hohle+Fels+Cave+in+southwestern+Germany&rft.volume=459&rft.issue=7244&rft.pages=248-252&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature07995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205216692%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19444215&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Natur.459..248C&rft.aulast=Conard&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cook, Jill. (2013). <i>Ice Age Art: the Arrival of the Modern Mind</i>; London: British Museum Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-2333-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-2333-2">978-0-7141-2333-2</a></li> <li>Delporte, Henri. (1993). <i>L'image de la femme dans l'art préhistorique</i>, éd. Picard. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7084-0440-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-7084-0440-7">2-7084-0440-7</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixsonDixson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Dixson, Alan F.; Dixson, Barnaby J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2011%2F569120">"Venus Figurines of the European Paleolithic: Symbols of Fertility or Attractiveness?"</a>. <i>Journal of Anthropology</i>. <b>2011</b>: 1–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2011%2F569120">10.1155/2011/569120</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Venus+Figurines+of+the+European+Paleolithic%3A+Symbols+of+Fertility+or+Attractiveness%3F&rft.volume=2011&rft.pages=1-11&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2F2011%2F569120&rft.aulast=Dixson&rft.aufirst=Alan+F.&rft.au=Dixson%2C+Barnaby+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1155%252F2011%252F569120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gvozdover, M. (1995).: <i>Art of the mammoth hunters: the finds from Avdeevo</i>, (Oxbow Monograph 49), Oxford: Oxbow.</li> <li>Power, C. (2004). "Women in prehistoric art". In G. Berghaus (ed.), <i>New Perspectives in Prehistoric Art</i>. Westport, CT & London: Praeger, pp. 75–104.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlesier/SofferAdovasioHyland2001" class="citation journal cs1">Schlesier/, Karl H.; Soffer, O.; Adovasio, J. M.; Hyland, and D. C. (2001). "More on the "Venus" Figurines". <i>Current Anthropology</i>. <b>42</b> (3): 410–412. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F320478">10.1086/320478</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162218369">162218369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=More+on+the+%22Venus%22+Figurines&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=410-412&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F320478&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162218369%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Schlesier%2F&rft.aufirst=Karl+H.&rft.au=Soffer%2C+O.&rft.au=Adovasio%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=Hyland%2C+and+D.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSofferAdovasioHyland2000" class="citation journal cs1">Soffer, O.; Adovasio, J. M.; Hyland, D. C. (2000). "The "Venus" Figurines". <i>Current Anthropology</i>. <b>41</b> (4): 511–537. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F317381">10.1086/317381</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162026727">162026727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=The+%22Venus%22+Figurines&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=511-537&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F317381&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162026727%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Soffer&rft.aufirst=O.&rft.au=Adovasio%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=Hyland%2C+D.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+figurine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Rau, S., Naumann D., Barth M., Mühleis Y., Bleckmann C. (2009): <i>Eiszeit: Kunst und Kultur</i>, Thorbecke. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7995-0833-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7995-0833-9">978-3-7995-0833-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Venus_figurines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Venus figurines">Venus figurines</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hominids.com/donsmaps/venus.html">Venus figures from the Stone Age - with excellent pictures of most of the figurines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081203133239/http://www.hominids.com/donsmaps/venus.html">Archived</a> 2008-12-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/3202/fulltext.pdf">Undergraduate thesis, University of Texas, PDF</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://witcombe.sbc.edu/willendorf/">Christopher Witcombe, "Analysis of the Venus of Willendorf"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/archeo/paleofig/pal03eng.shtml">(Canadian Museum of Civilization) The Balzi Rossi Figurines</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Venus_figurines_in_prehistoric_art" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Venus_figurines" title="Template:Venus figurines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Venus_figurines" title="Template talk:Venus figurines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Venus_figurines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Venus figurines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Venus_figurines_in_prehistoric_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Venus figurines</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">prehistoric art</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a> <br />(disputed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Tan-Tan" title="Venus of Tan-Tan">Tan-Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Berekhat_Ram" title="Venus of Berekhat Ram">Berekhat Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus of Hohle Fels">Hohle Fels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Galgenberg" title="Venus of Galgenberg">Galgenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adorant_from_the_Gei%C3%9Fenkl%C3%B6sterle_cave" title="Adorant from the Geißenklösterle cave">Adorant from the Geißenklösterle cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice" title="Venus of Dolní Věstonice">Dolní Věstonice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Brassempouy" title="Venus of Brassempouy">Brassempouy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Gagarino" title="Venus figurines of Gagarino">Gagarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Kostyonki" title="Venus figurines of Kostyonki">Kostenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Laussel" title="Venus of Laussel">Laussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Lespugue" title="Venus of Lespugue">Lespugue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Pet%C5%99kovice" title="Venus of Petřkovice">Petřkovice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Savignano" title="Venus of Savignano">Savignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Mal%27ta" title="Venus figurines of Mal'ta">Mal'ta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Buret%27" title="Venus of Buret'">Buret'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Mauern" title="Venus of Mauern">Mauern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_of_Trou_Magrite_(horizontal_as_in_the_museum_diplay,_and_vertical_as_depicted_when_interpreted_as_a_Venus).jpg" title="File:Venus of Trou Magrite (horizontal as in the museum diplay, and vertical as depicted when interpreted as a Venus).jpg">Trou Magrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Balzi_Rossi" title="Venus figurines of Balzi Rossi">Balzi Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf" title="Venus of Willendorf">Willendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Zaraysk" title="Venus figurines of Zaraysk">Zaraysk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_G%C3%B6nnersdorf" title="Venus figurines of Gönnersdorf">Gönnersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Petersfels" title="Venus figurines of Petersfels">Petersfels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Monruz" title="Venus of Monruz">Monruz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_technology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template talk:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_technology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Prehistoric technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory" title="Timeline of prehistory">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" title="Outline of prehistoric technology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-age_system#Stone_Age_subdivisions" title="Three-age system">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">New Stone Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">Farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_(plough)" title="Ard (plough)">Ard / plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celt_(tool)" title="Celt (tool)">Celt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digging_stick" title="Digging stick">Digging stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&oldid=1250739407">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&oldid=1250739407</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Venus_figurines" title="Category:Venus figurines">Venus figurines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_artefact_types" title="Category:Archaeological artefact types">Archaeological artefact types</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prehistoric_sculpture" title="Category:Prehistoric sculpture">Prehistoric sculpture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stone_Age_Europe" title="Category:Stone Age Europe">Stone Age Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Upper_Paleolithic" title="Category:Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prehistoric_art" title="Category:Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_and_sexuality" title="Category:Women and sexuality">Women and sexuality</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_in_arts" title="Category:Sexuality in arts">Sexuality in arts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Female_beauty" title="Category:Female beauty">Female beauty</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_November_2019" title="Category:Use British English from November 2019">Use British English from November 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_October_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2024">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 October 2024, at 07:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus_figurine&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-hchr7","wgBackendResponseTime":158,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.753","walltime":"0.939","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4546,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":115124,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4376,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":111951,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 774.772 1 -total"," 30.36% 235.243 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.15% 94.143 1 Template:Venus_figurines"," 11.54% 89.394 1 Template:Navbox"," 11.37% 88.123 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.68% 82.735 13 Template:Cite_journal"," 10.47% 81.145 5 Template:Cite_web"," 9.94% 77.046 8 Template:ISBN"," 7.69% 59.614 1 Template:Commons_category"," 7.30% 56.543 1 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.428","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9493706,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-blxk6","timestamp":"20241122140701","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Venus figurine","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venus_figurine","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q248726","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q248726","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-02T14:23:41Z","dateModified":"2024-10-12T07:17:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/70\/Wien_NHM_Venus_von_Willendorf.jpg","headline":"prehistoric statuettes depicting women"}</script> </body> </html>