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</div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">尤利乌斯·冯·迈尔</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。44种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="يوليوس ماير – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوليوس ماير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%DA%A4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC)" title="يوليوس ماير (دكتور من مملكة ڤورتيمبيرج) – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوليوس ماير (دكتور من مملكة ڤورتيمبيرج)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="یولیوس روبرت فون مایر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یولیوس روبرت فون مایر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юліус Роберт Маер – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Юліус Роберт Маер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юлиус Роберт фон Майер – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Юлиус Роберт фон Майер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_von_Mayer" title="Julius von Mayer – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Julius von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_von_Mayer" title="Robert von Mayer – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mayer" title="Robert Mayer – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Mayer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Γιούλιους φον Μάγιερ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιούλιους φον Μάγιερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_von_Mayer" title="Julius von Mayer – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Julius von Mayer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_von_Mayer" title="Julius von Mayer – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Julius von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_von_Mayer" title="Julius von Mayer – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Julius von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="یولیوس روبرت فون مایر – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یولیوس روبرت فون مایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="יוליוס רוברט פון מאייר – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוליוס רוברט פון מאייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mayer" title="Robert Mayer – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Robert Mayer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Յուլիուս Ռոբերտ Մայեր – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յուլիուս Ռոբերտ Մայեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_von_Mayer" title="Julius von Mayer – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Julius von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC" title="ユリウス・ロベルト・フォン・マイヤー – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユリウス・ロベルト・フォン・マイヤー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="რობერტ იულიუს მაიერი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რობერტ იულიუს მაიერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೂಲಿಯಸ್ ರಾಬರ್ಟ್ ಮೇಯರ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೂಲಿಯಸ್ ರಾಬರ್ಟ್ ಮೇಯರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%8F%B0_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="율리우스 로베르트 폰 마이어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="율리우스 로베르트 폰 마이어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mayer" title="Robert Mayer – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Mayer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_Mayer" title="Julius Robert Mayer – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Julius Robert Mayer" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_von_Mayer" title="Julius von Mayer – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Julius von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Майер, Юлиус Роберт фон – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Майер, Юлиус Роберт фон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mayer" title="Robert Mayer – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Robert Mayer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mayer" title="Robert Mayer – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Mayer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ยูลีอุส ฟ็อน ไมเออร์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูลีอุส ฟ็อน ไมเออร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Julius Robert von Mayer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%94%D1%80" title="Юліус Роберт фон Маєр – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Юліус Роберт фон Маєр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q57171#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn">尤利乌斯·冯·迈尔</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg/220px-Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg/330px-Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg/440px-Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">尤利乌斯·冯·迈尔</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1814年11月25日<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86" title="海尔布隆">海尔布隆</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1878年3月20日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1878歲—03—20</span>)</span>（63歲）<br /><span class="deathplace">海爾布隆</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">国籍</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="">德国</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母校</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%AE%BE%E6%A0%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="蒂宾根大学">蒂宾根大学</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">知名于</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="热力学第一定律">热力学第一定律</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">奖项</th><td class="infobox-data note" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0" title="科普利獎章">科普利獎章</a>（1871年）</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><b>科学生涯</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">研究领域</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">施影响于</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E5%A7%86%E6%A3%AE%EF%BC%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·汤姆森，第一代开尔文男爵">威廉·汤姆森，第一代开尔文男爵</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>尤利乌斯·罗伯特·冯·迈尔</b>（德語：<span lang="de"><b>Julius Robert von Mayer</b></span>，1814年11月25日—1878年3月20日），<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>物理学家、医生，<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="热力学">热力学</a>的奠基人之一，<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="热力学第一定律">热力学第一定律</a>的发现者之一。1841年提出相当于能量的“力”的概念，认为运动、热、电等都可以归纳为一种“力”。次年证明从热到机械力与从机械力到热的转化，并作出“一切机械运动都能借摩擦转化为热”的判断。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E5%B0%94&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1840年，迈尔作为随船医生航行至印度尼西亚。在赤道附近，他注意到海员静脉的血液要比在欧洲时更加鲜红。当时欧洲的医学家已经认识到血液颜色鲜红，往往表明血中含氧量较高。迈尔因此想到一定是在热带肌体消耗的热量要较少，所以食物燃烧过程减弱，耗氧量少，静脉血中留下的氧增多，所以颜色才更鲜红。正是这个例子，启发了迈尔对食物所含能量（力）可以转化为热的“新”想法。后来，迈尔又从海浪冲击使水温升高的现象中认识到了机械运动和热之间的关系。 </p><p>在1841年，迈尔在一封信中写道：“化学家们认为的基本规律是物质是不可破灭的，我们应该把完全同样的规律用在力（能量）上。力（能量）同物质一样，也是不可破灭的，它们加入不同的组合，当某种旧的形式消失了，偶会形成新的形式。”仍是在这一年，迈尔完成了他的第一篇论文《论力的量和质的定义》，然而并没有被人接受。 </p><p>1842年，他的另一篇论文《论无机界的力》发表在了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E6%AF%94%E5%B8%8C" title="尤斯图斯·冯·李比希">李比希</a>主编的《化学与药学年鉴》上，当大哲学家弗里德里希.恩格斯回顾这段历史时，因此认为这一年是物理学史（或自然科学史）上划时代的一年，这一年迈尔28岁。他在这篇论文中这样写道：“力是不灭的、能转化的、无重量的客体。”同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="詹姆斯·普雷斯科特·焦耳">焦耳</a>1843年的《论磁电的热效应和热的机械值》与<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A5%E5%A7%86%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%B9" title="赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹">亥姆霍兹</a>1847年的《论力的守恒》相比，仅从时间上讲，迈尔在这篇论文中第一次地以科学家的视角提出了力（能量）守恒的观点，这是很值得肯定的。 </p><p>1845年，迈尔自费出版《论有机运动和新陈代谢》一书。他指出：“力（能量）的转化与守恒是支配宇宙的普遍规律。”他把力（能量）分为五种：运动的力（相当于动能），在弹性碰撞上表现为活力守恒；下落的力（相当于势能），它和运动的力相互转化，这种“机械效应将保持为一个恒量”（即机械能守恒）；热（相当于内能），“热力是指转化为运动的力”；电力（电能）和化学力（化学能）。他还曾把这五种力（能量）画在一张表上，说明各种力（能量）相互转化的共25种情况，得出了否定热质和其它无质量流质假说的结论。他还从几个实例出发计算过热功当量，得到的计算值是3.48焦耳每卡，与焦耳的数据4.184焦耳每卡存在一定差距。（热量以卡为单位时与功的单位之间的数量关系，相当于单位热量的功的数量，叫做热功当量。） </p><p>从整体上看，迈尔算是德国19世纪一位哲学气质很浓的自然科学家，他的很多实践工作更接近于亚里士多德、培根等人的观察、归纳的方法，而非达芬奇、伽利略以来的传统实验方法。从这个角度看，迈尔的工作并不能够被很好地看成是19世纪“能量守恒定律”伟大发现过程里的最好代表，但他无疑为后来人实现真正对能量（力）乃至质能的整体认知打下了很好的基础，这一点上，他是个先行者。和那个年代很多的先行者一样，迈尔的个人遭遇同伽罗瓦、康托尔一样不幸，曾多次受到嘲讽和打击。 </p><p>1849年，迈尔35岁，他因尝试跳楼自杀时受伤，不久就被强制送进精神病院。 </p><p>出院之後，邁爾中斷了研究工作（新聞界誤傳邁爾死在精神病院裡，邁爾本人向報社提出更正未果，1863年出版的一本學者名錄也誤載他已去世），而此時他的名聲逐漸在學界中傳開。1854年，亥姆霍茲在一場演講中，提出邁爾是最早發表能量守恆的人；李比希也在1858年的一場演講中提到邁爾。1858年，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%B0%9A%E7%8F%AD" title="克里斯提安·弗里德里希·尚班">克里斯提安·弗里德里希·尚班</a>的推薦下，邁爾成為巴賽爾自然研究者協會的通訊會員。 </p><p>1862年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%B8%81%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94" title="约翰·丁达尔">約翰·丁達爾</a>在一場演講中把邁爾的研究介紹給英國學界，並推崇邁爾是最早算出熱功當量的先驅；丁達爾的主張雖引發了不少爭議（焦耳在同一時期也測量出熱功當量，以現在角度來看焦耳的數值較準確），也讓邁爾的知名度與日俱增。 </p><p> 1871年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="皇家学会">英國皇家學會</a>頒發科普利獎章給邁爾，7年後，邁爾在海爾布隆逝世。</p><div class="navbox-styles"><style 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id="1851年至1900年科普利獎章获得者" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">1851年至1900年<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0" title="科普利獎章">科普利獎章</a>获得者</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1850年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1851年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E6%96%87" title="理查德·欧文">理查德·欧文</a></li> <li>1852年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1" title="亚历山大·冯·洪堡">亚历山大·冯·洪堡</a></li> <li>1853年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海因里希·威廉·多费" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heinrich Wilhelm Dove"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E8%B4%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海因里希·威廉·多费（页面不存在）">海因里希·威廉·多费</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Dove" class="extiw" title="en:Heinrich Wilhelm Dove"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heinrich Wilhelm Dove</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1854年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92" title="约翰内斯·彼得·米勒">约翰内斯·彼得·米勒</a></li> <li>1855年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%82%C2%B7%E5%82%85%E7%A7%91" title="莱昂·傅科">莱昂·傅科</a></li> <li>1856年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亨利·米尔恩-爱德华兹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Henri Milne-Edwards"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%81%A9-%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利·米尔恩-爱德华兹（页面不存在）">亨利·米尔恩-爱德华兹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Milne-Edwards" class="extiw" title="en:Henri Milne-Edwards"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Henri Milne-Edwards</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1857年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E4%BB%81%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%BC%97%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%94" title="米歇尔·欧仁·谢弗勒尔">米歇尔·欧仁·谢弗勒尔</a></li> <li>1858年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE" title="查爾斯·萊爾">查尔斯·莱尔</a></li> <li>1859年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E4%BC%AF" title="威廉·爱德华·韦伯">威廉·爱德华·韦伯</a></li> <li>1860年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%9F" title="罗伯特·威廉·本生">罗伯特·威廉·本生</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1860年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1861年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%A0%E8%A5%BF" title="路易·阿加西">路易斯·阿加西</a></li> <li>1862年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%A7%86" title="托馬斯·格雷姆">托马斯·格雷姆</a></li> <li>1863年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%A5%87%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B" title="亚当·塞奇威克">亚当·塞奇威克</a></li> <li>1864年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文">查爾斯·達爾文</a></li> <li>1865年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%8B%92" title="米歇尔·沙勒">米歇尔·沙勒</a></li> <li>1866年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B" title="尤利乌斯·普吕克">尤利乌斯·普吕克</a></li> <li>1867年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94" title="卡尔·恩斯特·冯·贝尔">卡尔·恩斯特·冯·贝尔</a></li> <li>1868年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E6%96%AF%E9%80%9A" title="查爾斯·惠斯通">查尔斯·惠斯通</a></li> <li>1869年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5" title="亨利·维克托·勒尼奥">亨利·维克托·勒尼奥</a></li> <li>1870年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3" title="詹姆斯·焦耳">詹姆斯·焦耳</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1870年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1871年：<a class="mw-selflink selflink">尤利乌斯·罗伯特·冯·迈尔</a></li> <li>1872年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%8B%92" title="弗里德里希·维勒">弗里德里希·维勒</a></li> <li>1873年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A5%E5%A7%86%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%B9" title="赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹">赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹</a></li> <li>1874年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="路易·巴斯德">路易·巴斯德</a></li> <li>1875年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%BC" title="奧古斯特·威廉·馮·霍夫曼">奥古斯特·威廉·冯·霍夫曼</a></li> <li>1876年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3" title="克洛德·贝尔纳">克洛德·贝尔纳</a></li> <li>1877年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%80%80%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%B8%B9%E7%BA%B3" title="詹姆斯·德怀特·丹纳">詹姆斯·德怀特·丹纳</a></li> <li>1878年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%A3%AE%E6%88%88" title="让-巴蒂斯特·布森戈">让-巴蒂斯特·布森戈</a></li> <li>1879年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" title="魯道夫·克勞修斯">鲁道夫·克劳修斯</a></li> <li>1880年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="詹姆斯·約瑟夫·西爾維斯特">詹姆斯·约瑟夫·西尔维斯特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1880年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1881年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94-%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%AD%A6%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8" title="夏尔-阿道夫·武尔茨">夏尔-阿道夫·武尔茨</a></li> <li>1882年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E8%90%8A" title="阿瑟·凱萊">阿瑟·凯莱</a></li> <li>1883年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%8B%8B%E7%88%B5" title="开尔文勋爵">威廉·汤姆森</a></li> <li>1884年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C" title="卡尔·路德维希">卡尔·路德维希</a></li> <li>1885年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E5%BA%93%E5%8B%92" title="奥古斯特·凯库勒">奥古斯特·凯库勒</a></li> <li>1886年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗朗茨·恩斯特·諾伊曼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Franz Ernst Neumann"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%AB%BE%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗朗茨·恩斯特·諾伊曼（页面不存在）">弗朗茨·恩斯特·諾伊曼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Ernst_Neumann" class="extiw" title="en:Franz Ernst Neumann"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Franz Ernst Neumann</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>1887年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B" title="约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克">约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克</a></li> <li>1888年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E8%83%A5%E9%BB%8E" title="托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎">托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎</a></li> <li>1889年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E8%92%99" title="乔治·萨蒙">乔治·萨蒙</a></li> <li>1890年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E7%B4%90%E5%BA%B7" title="西蒙·紐康">西蒙·纽康</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1890年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1891年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%B3%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%8E%E7%BD%97" title="斯坦尼斯劳·坎尼扎罗">斯坦尼斯劳·坎尼扎罗</a></li> <li>1892年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E5%B0%94%E8%82%96" title="鲁道夫·魏尔肖">鲁道夫·菲尔绍</a></li> <li>1893年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="乔治·斯托克斯">乔治·斯托克斯</a></li> <li>1894年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="爱德华·弗兰克兰">爱德华·弗兰克兰</a></li> <li>1895年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="卡尔·魏尔施特拉斯">卡尔·魏尔斯特拉斯</a></li> <li>1896年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A0%B9%E6%A0%BC%E5%8C%85%E5%B0%94" title="卡尔·根格包尔">卡尔·根格包尔</a></li> <li>1897年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B" title="阿尔贝特·冯·克利克">阿尔贝特·冯·克利克</a></li> <li>1898年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF" title="威廉·哈金斯">威廉·哈金斯</a></li> <li>1899年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3%E7%91%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="第三代瑞利男爵約翰·斯特拉特">约翰·斯特拉特</a></li> <li>1900年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B" title="马塞兰·贝特洛">马塞兰·贝特洛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:1731%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31750%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:1731年至1750年科普利奖章获得者">1731–1750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1751%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31800%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:1751年至1800年科普利奖章获得者">1751–1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1801%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31850%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:1801年至1850年科普利奖章获得者">1801–1850</a></li> <li>1851–1900</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1901%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31950%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%A5%96%E8%80%85" title="Template:1901年至1950年科普利奖章获奖者">1901–1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1951%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B32000%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:1951年至2000年科普利奖章获得者">1951–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2001%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B32050%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:2001年至2050年科普利奖章获得者">2001年至今</a></li></ul> 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