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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Related genres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>By country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elements_and_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elements_and_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Elements and themes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elements_and_themes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elements and themes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elements_and_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Character_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Character elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Character_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plot_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Plot elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plot_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plot_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Plot devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plot_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Setting_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Setting elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Setting_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Place" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Place"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Place-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_setting_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_setting_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>Cultural setting elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_setting_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sex_and_gender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sex_and_gender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span> <span>Sex and gender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sex_and_gender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Themes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Style elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2</span> <span>Short stories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Short_story_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_story_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2.1</span> <span>Short story venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_story_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Video</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Information sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In academia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a 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id="toc-International_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationality-specific_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationality-specific_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Nationality-specific awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationality-specific_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themed_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themed_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Themed awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themed_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_artists_/_first_works_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_artists_/_first_works_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>New artists / first works awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_artists_/_first_works_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Career awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influential_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influential_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Influential people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influential_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Influential people subsection</span> </button> <ul 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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authors_and_editors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1.3</span> <span>Authors and editors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authors_and_editors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_fiction_scholars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_fiction_scholars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Science fiction scholars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_fiction_scholars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Franchises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franchises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Franchises</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franchises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of science fiction</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of and topical guide to science fiction</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Science_and_Invention_Feb_1922_pg912_-_War_of_the_Future.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Science_and_Invention_Feb_1922_pg912_-_War_of_the_Future.jpg/200px-Science_and_Invention_Feb_1922_pg912_-_War_of_the_Future.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Science_and_Invention_Feb_1922_pg912_-_War_of_the_Future.jpg/300px-Science_and_Invention_Feb_1922_pg912_-_War_of_the_Future.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Science_and_Invention_Feb_1922_pg912_-_War_of_the_Future.jpg/400px-Science_and_Invention_Feb_1922_pg912_-_War_of_the_Future.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2092" data-file-height="2956" /></a><figcaption> An illustration by illustrator <a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Paul" title="Frank R. Paul">Frank R. Paul</a>, of inventor <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a>'s speculative vision of a future war.</figcaption></figure> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Outline_(list)" title="Outline (list)">outline</a> is provided as an overview of and topical guide to science fiction: </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></b> – a <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">fiction</a> dealing with the impact of imagined innovations in science or technology, often in a futuristic setting.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exploring the consequences of such innovations is the traditional purpose of science fiction, making it a "literature of ideas".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="What_is_science_fiction?"><span id="What_is_science_fiction.3F"></span>What is science fiction?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: What is science fiction?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_science_fiction" title="Definitions of science fiction">Definitions of science fiction</a>: Science fiction includes such a wide range of themes and subgenres that it is notoriously difficult to define.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, there have been many definitions offered. Another challenge is that there is disagreement over where to draw the boundaries between science fiction and related genres.</li></ul> <p>Science fiction is a type of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">Fiction</a> – form of narrative which deals, in part or in whole, with events that are not factual, but rather, imaginary and invented by its author(s). Although fiction often describes a major branch of literary work, it is also applied to theatrical, cinematic, and musical work. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genre_fiction" title="Genre fiction">Genre fiction</a> – fictional works (novels, short stories) written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre. Also known as popular fiction.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">Genre</a> – science fiction is a genre of fiction.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genres">Genres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_genres" title="Category:Science fiction genres">Category:Science fiction genres</a></div> <p>Science fiction genre – while science fiction is a genre of fiction, a science fiction genre is a subgenre within science fiction. Science fiction may be divided along any number of overlapping axes. Gary K. Wolfe's <i>Critical Terms for Science Fiction and Fantasy</i> identifies over 30 subdivisions of science fiction, not including <a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">science fantasy</a> (which is a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed genre">mixed genre</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genres concerning the emphasis, accuracy, and type of <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> described include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">Hard science fiction</a>—a particular emphasis on scientific detail and/or accuracy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">Mundane science fiction</a>—a subgenre of hard sci-fi which sets stories on Earth or the Solar System using current or plausible technology.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_science_fiction" title="Soft science fiction">Soft science fiction</a>—often exploring psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science, focus on human characters and their relations and feelings. Emphasizes social sciences while de-emphasizing the details of technological hardware and physical laws. In some cases, science and technology are depicted without much concern for accuracy.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">List of science fiction themes</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">Themes</a> related to science, technology, space and the future, as well as characteristic plots or settings include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic science fiction</a> — set during or after the collapse of civilization, often dealing with survival in harsh environments.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a> — centered around <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetic engineering</a> in general, biopunk uses some both (post)cyberpunk elements and post-modernist prose to describe a typically dystopian world of <a href="/wiki/Grinder_(biohacking_community)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grinder (biohacking community)">biohackers</a>, man-made viruses, mutations, <a href="/wiki/Designer_baby" title="Designer baby">designer babies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_life_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial life form">artificial life forms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human-animal_hybrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Human-animal hybrid">bio-genetic engineered human-animal hybrids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy" title="Gene therapy">bio-genetically</a> <a href="/wiki/Superhumans" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhumans">manipulated humans</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> — Dystopian futures with a focus on technology, hacking, and cybernetics, often exploring the impact of these technologies on society. Uses elements from the <a href="/wiki/Hardboiled" title="Hardboiled">hard-boiled</a> detective novel, <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>, and post-modernist prose to describe the nihilistic, underground side of a <a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">cybernetic</a> society</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a> — emphasizes effects of anthropogenic <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> era</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian fiction</a> — Utopian set in societies that have agreeable features exploring themes of freedom. Dystopian set in oppressive, controlled societies, often exploring themes of totalitarianism or societal collapse.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Dying Earth genre">Dying Earth science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military science fiction</a> — focuses on armed conflicts, space warfare, and military themes in futuristic or interstellar settings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a> — denotes works set in (or strongly inspired by) an era when steam power was still widely used  — usually the 19th century, and often set in Victorian England — though with otherwise <a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">retro-futuristic</a> inventions, advanced technology or other science fiction elements</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel_in_fiction" title="Time travel in fiction">Time travel</a> — involving traveling to the past or future, often focusing on the paradoxes and consequences.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Space colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a> — Adventures set in space, emphasizes romantic adventure, exotic settings, and larger-than-life characters, may involve large-scale conflict or galaxy-spanning narratives</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science_fiction" title="Social science fiction">Social science fiction</a> — concerned less with technology and more with sociological speculation about human society</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">Mundane science fiction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movements">Movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genres concerning politics, philosophy, and identity movements include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT themes in speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian science fiction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eras">Eras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genres concerning the historical era of creation and publication include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_romance" title="Scientific romance">Scientific romance</a> — an archaic name for what is now known as the science fiction genre, mostly associated with the early science fiction of the United Kingdom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_magazine" title="Pulp magazine">Pulp science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age of Science Fiction</a> — a period of the 1940s during which the science fiction genre gained wide public attention and many classic science fiction stories were published.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave science fiction</a> — characterised by a high degree of experimentation, both in form and in content.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> — noted for its focus on "high tech, low life" and taking its name from the combination of cybernetics and punk.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combinations">Combinations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Combinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Genre_fiction" title="Genre fiction">Genre fiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mixed_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed genre">Mixed genre</a></div> <p>Genres that combine two different fiction genres or use a different fiction genre's mood or style include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternate history (fiction)">Alternate history</a> science fiction—fiction set in a world in which history has diverged from history as it is generally known</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Comic science fiction">Comic science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_erotica" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction erotica">Science fiction erotica</a></li> <li>Adventure science fiction—science fiction adventure is similar to many genres</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic science fiction</a>—a subgenre of science fiction that involves <a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">gothic</a> conventions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_(science_fiction)" title="New Wave (science fiction)">New Wave science fiction</a>—characterized by a high degree of experimentation, both in form and in content</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a>—a mixed genre of story which contains some science fiction and some fantasy elements</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-fiction_opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-fiction opera">Science fiction opera</a>—a mixture of opera and science fiction involving empathic themes</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_romance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science fiction romance (page does not exist)">Science fiction romance</a>—fiction which has elements of both the science fiction and romance genres</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_mystery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science fiction mystery (page does not exist)">Science fiction mystery</a>—fiction which has elements of both the science fiction and mystery genres, encompassing <a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective fiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_science_fiction_and_fantasy_detectives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fictional science fiction and fantasy detectives">science fiction detectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction Western</a>—fiction which has elements of both the science fiction and Western genres</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space Western</a>—a subgenre of science fiction that transposes themes of American Western books and film to a backdrop of futuristic space frontiers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy-fi_(neologism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy-fi (neologism)">Spy-fi</a> a subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Spy_fiction" title="Spy fiction">spy fiction</a> that includes some science fiction.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_genres">Related genres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Related genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">Mystery fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipstream_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slipstream (genre)">Slipstream fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero fiction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_writers_by_nationality" title="Category:Science fiction writers by nationality">Category:Science fiction writers by nationality</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction" title="Australian science fiction">Australian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_science_fiction" title="Bengali science fiction">Bengali science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction" title="Canadian science fiction">Canadian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_science_fiction" title="Chilean science fiction">Chilean science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_science_fiction" title="Chinese science fiction">Chinese science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_science_fiction" title="Croatian science fiction">Croatian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech science fiction and fantasy">Czech science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_science_fiction" title="Estonian science fiction">Estonian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_science_fiction" title="French science fiction">French science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_science_fiction" title="Norwegian science fiction">Norwegian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_and_fantasy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction and fantasy in Poland">Polish science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_science_fiction" title="Romanian science fiction">Romanian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian science fiction and fantasy">Russian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_science_fiction" title="Serbian science fiction">Serbian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_science_fiction" title="Spanish science fiction">Spanish science fiction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">History of science fiction</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction_films" title="History of science fiction films">History of science fiction films</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elements_and_themes">Elements and themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Elements and themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">List of science fiction themes</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Character_elements">Character elements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Character elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_characters_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock characters in science fiction">List of stock characters in science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials in fiction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plot_elements">Plot elements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Plot elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plot_devices">Plot devices</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Plot devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperspace_(science_fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperspace (science fiction)">Hyperspace</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Setting_elements">Setting elements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Setting elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The setting is the environment in which the story takes place. Alien settings require authors to do <a href="/wiki/Worldbuilding" title="Worldbuilding">worldbuilding</a> to create a fictional planet and geography. Elements of setting may include culture (and its technologies), period (including the future), place (geography/astronomy), nature (physical laws, etc.), and hour. Setting elements characteristic of science fiction include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Place">Place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universe_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel universe (fiction)">Parallel universes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Planets in science fiction">Planets in science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperspace_(science_fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperspace (science fiction)">Hyperspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipstream_(science_fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slipstream (science fiction)">Slipstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_in_science_fiction" title="Earth in science fiction">Earth in science fiction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cultural_setting_elements">Cultural setting elements</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cultural setting elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenology" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenology">Xenology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sex_and_gender">Sex and gender</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sex and gender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender in science fiction">Gender in science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex in science fiction">Sex in science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Pregnancy in science fiction">Pregnancy in science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT themes in speculative fiction</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Themes">Themes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">List of science fiction themes</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_contact_(science_fiction)" title="First contact (science fiction)">First contact</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technology">Technology</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Fictional_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional technology">Fictional technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes#Technologies" title="List of science fiction themes">List of science fiction themes § Technologies</a></div> <ul><li>Computer technology <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">Artificial intelligence in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_computers" title="List of fictional computers">List of fictional computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_uploading_in_fiction" title="Mind uploading in fiction">Mind uploading in fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li>Transportation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flying_car_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying car (aircraft)">Flying car (aircraft)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_dock" title="Space dock">Space dock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_in_science_fiction" title="Weapons in science fiction">Weapons in science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resizing_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resizing (fiction)">Resizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Space warfare in fiction">Space warfare in fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_in_science_fiction" title="Weapons in science fiction">Weapons in science fiction</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style_elements">Style elements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Style elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_artists" title="List of science fiction and fantasy artists">List of science fiction and fantasy artists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Science fiction comics</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games">Games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_video_game" title="Science fiction video game">Science fiction video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulation_game" title="Space flight simulation game">Space flight simulation game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_flight_simulation_games" title="List of space flight simulation games">List of space flight simulation games</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Science fiction comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_poetry" title="Speculative poetry">Speculative poetry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Novels">Novels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_novels" title="List of science fiction novels">List of science fiction novels</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Short_stories">Short stories</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Short stories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_short_stories" title="List of science fiction short stories">List of science fiction short stories</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Short_story_venues">Short story venues</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Short story venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">Science fiction magazine</a> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fanzine" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction fanzine">Science fiction fanzine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video">Video</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television" title="Science fiction on television">Science fiction on television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_television_programs" title="List of science fiction television programs">List of science fiction television programs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction sitcoms">List of science fiction sitcoms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._television_science_fiction" title="U.S. television science fiction">U.S. television science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_television_science_fiction" title="British television science fiction">British television science fiction</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_radio_programs" title="Category:Science fiction radio programs">Science fiction radio programs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Information_sources">Information sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Information sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baen_Free_Library" title="Baen Free Library">Baen Free Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction DataBase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Writers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America">Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_academia">In academia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: In academia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_studies" title="Science fiction studies">Science fiction studies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_science_fiction" title="Science in science fiction">Science in science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Materials_science_in_science_fiction" title="Materials science in science fiction">Materials science in science fiction</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Science fiction and fantasy journals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_libraries_and_museums" title="Science fiction libraries and museums">Science fiction libraries and museums</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subculture">Subculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Subculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Science fiction conventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_conventions" title="List of science fiction conventions">List of science fiction conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fan_conventions_by_date_of_founding" title="List of fan conventions by date of founding">List of fan conventions by date of founding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">Science fiction fandom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fanzine" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction fanzine">Science fiction fanzine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Science fiction organizations</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genre</a> has a number of recognition awards for <a href="/wiki/Authors" class="mw-redirect" title="Authors">authors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">editors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Illustrators" class="mw-redirect" title="Illustrators">illustrators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Awards are usually granted annually. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_awards">International awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: International awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major awards given in chronological order: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>International Awards </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Years awarded</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>since 1953</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a></td> <td>for general science fiction<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1965</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula Award</a></td> <td>for science fiction and fantasy </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Smith_Memorial_Award" title="Edward E. Smith Memorial Award">Edward E. Smith Memorial Award</a> <i>(the Skylark)</i></td> <td>for significant contributions to science fiction<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1970</td> <td><a href="/wiki/BSFA_award" class="mw-redirect" title="BSFA award">BSFA award</a></td> <td>for British science fiction </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1970</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seiun_Award" title="Seiun Award">Seiun Award</a></td> <td>for <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> science fiction </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus Award</a></td> <td>for science fiction, fantasy, and new authors (separate awards) </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1972</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn Award">Saturn Award</a></td> <td>for film and television science fiction </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1973</td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell_Memorial_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">John W. Campbell Memorial Award</a></td> <td>for best science fiction novel<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1978</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhysling_Award" title="Rhysling Award">Rhysling Award</a></td> <td>for best <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction poetry">science fiction poetry</a>, given by the <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Poetry_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction Poetry Association">Science Fiction Poetry Association</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979–1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balrog_Awards" title="Balrog Awards">Balrog Awards</a></td> <td>for the best works and achievements of speculative fiction in the previous year, in various categories<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1979</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Award" title="Prometheus Award">Prometheus Award</a></td> <td>for <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">libertarian science fiction</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1982</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick_Award" title="Philip K. Dick Award">Philip K. Dick Award</a></td> <td>for science fiction published in <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Arthur C. Clarke Award</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon_Award" title="Theodore Sturgeon Award">Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award</a></td> <td>for best short science fiction </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 1996</td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s_d%27Or" title="Méliès d'Or">Méliès d'Or</a></td> <td>for science fiction, fantasy and horror films </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein_Award" title="Robert A. Heinlein Award">Robert A. Heinlein Award</a></td> <td>"for science fiction and technical writings [that] inspire the human exploration of space"<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parsec_Awards" title="Parsec Awards">Parsec Award</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon Awards</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 2017</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nommo_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Nommo Award">Nommo Award</a></td> <td>recognise works of speculative fiction by Africans<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>since 2021</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Resnick_Memorial_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Resnick Memorial Award">Mike Resnick Memorial Award for Short Fiction</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>for the best Science Fiction Short Story by a New Author </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nationality-specific_awards">Nationality-specific awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Nationality-specific awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Australian</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurealis_Award" title="Aurealis Award">Aurealis Award</a>—<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler_Award" title="Chandler Award">Chandler Award</a>—for contributions to <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> Science fiction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditmar_Award" title="Ditmar Award">Ditmar Award</a>—for SF by Australians</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>British</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitschies" title="Kitschies">Kitschies</a>—for speculative fiction novels published in the UK</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Canadian</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_Awards" title="Constellation Awards">Constellation Awards</a>—for the best SF/fantasy film or television works released in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Aurora_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Prix Aurora Awards">Prix Aurora Awards</a>—for <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> science fiction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunburst_Award" title="Sunburst Award">Sunburst Award</a>— Juried award for <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> science fiction</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Chinese</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Award_(China)" title="Galaxy Award (China)">The Galaxy Awards</a> <i>(银河奖)</i>—given by magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_World" title="Science Fiction World">Science Fiction World</a></i> for Chinese SF&F</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Croatian</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SFERA_Award" title="SFERA Award">SFERA Award</a>—given by <a href="/wiki/SFera" title="SFera">SFera</a>, a Croatian SF society</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Dutch</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Harland_Prize" title="Paul Harland Prize">Paul Harland Prize</a>—for Dutch SF</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Estonian</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalker_(auhind)" class="extiw" title="et:Stalker (auhind)">Stalker Award</a>—for the best <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonian</a> SF novel, given out on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estcon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estcon (page does not exist)">Estcon</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eesti_Ulme%C3%BChing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eesti Ulmeühing (page does not exist)">Eesti Ulmeühing</a>, the Estonian SF society.</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Finnish</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htivaeltaja" title="Tähtivaeltaja">Tähtivaeltaja</a> Award—for the best SF novel released in Finland</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>French</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_de_l%27Imaginaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire">Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire</a>—<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> since 1974</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Jules-Verne" class="extiw" title="fr:Prix Jules-Verne">Prix Jules-Verne</a>—France 1927–1933 and 1958–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Tour-Apollo_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Prix Tour-Apollo Award">Prix Tour-Apollo Award</a>—<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> 1972-1990</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>German</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurd-La%C3%9Fwitz-Preis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis">Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis</a>—<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> SF award</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Israeli</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geffen_Award" title="Geffen Award">Geffen Award</a> <i>(פרס גפן)</i>—<a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> since 1999</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Italian</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urania_Award" title="Urania Award">Premio Urania</a>—for Italian SF</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Japanese</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_SF_Taisho_Award" title="Nihon SF Taisho Award">Nihon SF Taisho Award</a> (日本SF大賞)—<a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> since 1980</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>New Zealander</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Julius_Vogel_Award" title="Sir Julius Vogel Award">Sir Julius Vogel Award</a>—for SF by <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealanders</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Pacific Northwestern</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_Award" title="Endeavour Award">Endeavour Award</a>—for SF by Pacific Northwest author</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Polish</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_A._Zajdel_Award" title="Janusz A. Zajdel Award">Janusz A. Zajdel Award</a>—award of Polish fandom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Award" title="Nautilus Award">Nautilus Award</a>—<a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> award</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Romanian</dt> <dd> <ul><li>SRSFF Award<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—România</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Russian</dt> <dd> <ul><li>Big Roscon award for outstanding contribution to science fiction<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Turkish</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TBD_Science_Fiction_Story_Award" title="TBD Science Fiction Story Award">TBD Science Fiction Story Award</a>—Turkey</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Themed_awards">Themed awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Themed awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(Chronological) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Award" title="Prometheus Award">Prometheus Award</a>—best libertarian SF—since 1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Literary_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambda Literary Award">Lambda Literary Award</a>—since 1988</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otherwise_Award" title="Otherwise Award">Tiptree Award</a>—since 1991</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Duck_Award" title="Golden Duck Award">Golden Duck Award</a>—best children's SF—1992-2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewise_Award_for_Alternate_History" title="Sidewise Award for Alternate History">Sidewise Award for Alternate History</a>—since 1995</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylactic_Spectrum_Awards" title="Gaylactic Spectrum Awards">Gaylactic Spectrum Awards</a>—since 1999</li> <li>Emperor Norton Award—San Francisco—2003-2011<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_%26_Fantasy_Translation_Awards" title="Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards">Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards</a>—2011-2014</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_artists_/_first_works_awards"><span id="New_artists_.2F_first_works_awards"></span>New artists / first works awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: New artists / first works awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Crook_Award" title="Compton Crook Award">Compton Crook Award</a>—for best first novel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Gaughan_Award" title="Jack Gaughan Award">Jack Gaughan Award</a>—for best emerging artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Award_for_Best_New_Writer" title="Astounding Award for Best New Writer">John W. Campbell Award</a>—for best new writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_and_Illustrators_of_the_Future" title="Writers and Illustrators of the Future">Writers of the Future</a>—contest for new authors</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_awards">Career awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Career awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_Nebula" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master Nebula">Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award</a>—associated with the Nebula</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influential_people">Influential people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Influential people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creators">Creators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Creators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Artists">Artists</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_artists" title="List of science fiction and fantasy artists">List of science fiction and fantasy artists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Filmmakers">Filmmakers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Filmmakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._J._Abrams" title="J. J. Abrams">J. J. Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Villeneuve" title="Denis Villeneuve">Denis Villeneuve</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Authors_and_editors">Authors and editors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Authors and editors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science-fiction_authors" title="List of science-fiction authors">List of science-fiction authors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_speculative_fiction" title="Women in speculative fiction">Women in speculative fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_editors" title="List of science fiction editors">List of science fiction editors</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_fiction_scholars">Science fiction scholars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Science fiction scholars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Aldiss" title="Brian Aldiss">Brian Aldiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>—<i><a href="/wiki/Asimov_on_Science_Fiction" title="Asimov on Science Fiction">Asimov on Science Fiction</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Attebery" title="Brian Attebery">Brian Attebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">E. F. Bleiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell" title="John W. Campbell">John W. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">John Clute</a>—co-editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a></i> (with Peter Nicholls)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Gernsback" title="Hugo Gernsback">Hugo Gernsback</a>—founder of the pioneering science fiction magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Stories" title="Amazing Stories">Amazing Stories</a></i>, and the person who the <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Awards</a> are named after.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hartwell" class="mw-redirect" title="David Hartwell">David Hartwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_McCaffery" title="Larry McCaffery">Larry McCaffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Merril" title="Judith Merril">Judith Merril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Moskowitz" title="Sam Moskowitz">Sam Moskowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nicholls_(writer)" title="Peter Nicholls (writer)">Peter Nicholls</a>—co-editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a></i> (with John Clute)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Panshin" title="Alexei Panshin">Alexei Panshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pringle" title="David Pringle">David Pringle</a>—editor of <i><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation (magazine)">Foundation</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Interzone_(magazine)" title="Interzone (magazine)">Interzone</a></i>; author of <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction:_The_100_Best_Novels" title="Science Fiction: The 100 Best Novels">Science Fiction: The 100 Best Novels</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sawyer" title="Andrew Sawyer">Andrew Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Scarborough" title="Dorothy Scarborough">Dorothy Scarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stableford" title="Brian Stableford">Brian Stableford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darko_Suvin" title="Darko Suvin">Darko Suvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_K._Wolfe" title="Gary K. Wolfe">Gary K. Wolfe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Franchises">Franchises</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Franchises"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SWCA_-_From_Droid_Builder%27s_Club_Room_(17016704829).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/SWCA_-_From_Droid_Builder%27s_Club_Room_%2817016704829%29.jpg/220px-SWCA_-_From_Droid_Builder%27s_Club_Room_%2817016704829%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/SWCA_-_From_Droid_Builder%27s_Club_Room_%2817016704829%29.jpg/330px-SWCA_-_From_Droid_Builder%27s_Club_Room_%2817016704829%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/SWCA_-_From_Droid_Builder%27s_Club_Room_%2817016704829%29.jpg/440px-SWCA_-_From_Droid_Builder%27s_Club_Room_%2817016704829%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><i>Star Wars</i> Celebration in Anaheim (SWCA) - From Droid Builder's Club Room</figcaption></figure> <p>There are a number of science fiction <a href="/wiki/Media_franchise" title="Media franchise">media franchises</a> of this type, typically encompassing media such as cinema films, TV shows, toys, and even theme parks related to the content. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_highest-grossing_media_franchises" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the highest-grossing media franchises">highest-grossing</a> science fiction franchise is <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i>. </p><p>Space science fiction franchises: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alien_(franchise)" title="Alien (franchise)">Alien</a></i> (6 films since 1979 and 2 Alien vs Predator films since 2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Babylon_5_media_franchise" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylon 5 media franchise">Babylon 5</a></i> (2 television series, 7 TV movies since 1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battlestar_Galactica" title="Battlestar Galactica">Battlestar Galactica</a></i> (5 television series and two TV movies since 1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divergent_(series)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divergent (series) (page does not exist)">Divergent</a></i> (4 novel series since 2011, 3 movies since 2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> (TV series since 1963, 2 <a href="/wiki/Dr._Who_(Dalek_films)" title="Dr. Who (Dalek films)">Dr. Who</a> films since 1965, and <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_(film)" title="Doctor Who (film)">1 1996 television film</a>, five spinoff TV shows (K-9 and Company, The Sarah Jane Adventures, Torchwood, K-9 and Class), video games and hundreds of books)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dune_(franchise)" title="Dune (franchise)">Dune</a></i> (23 novels since 1965, 1 film in 1984, 3 comics since 1984, 2 TV series since 2000, 1 film in 2021 and its sequel in 2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(franchise)" title="Godzilla (franchise)">Godzilla</a></i> (36 films since 1954 and 3 TV series since 1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halo_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halo (series)">Halo</a></i> (since 2001, started from <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhikers_Guide_to_the_Galaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy">The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy</a></i> (1 film, 1 TV series, 1 game, 4 stage shows, 3 radio programs since 1978, 6 novels)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a></i> (2 films since 1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Galactic_Heroes" title="Legend of the Galactic Heroes">Legend of the Galactic Heroes</a></i> (2 novel series since 1983 and 3 anime <a href="/wiki/OVA" class="mw-redirect" title="OVA">OVA</a> series since 1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macross" title="Macross">Macross</a></i> (4 <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> TV series since 1982, 6 anime films since 1984, 3 <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> series since 1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mass_Effect" title="Mass Effect">Mass Effect</a></i> (since 2007, started from video game)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Men_in_Black_(1997_film)" title="Men in Black (1997 film)">Men in Black</a></i> (4 films since 1997 and animated TV series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundam" title="Gundam"><i>Mobile Suit Gundam</i></a> (21 anime TV series since 1979, 7 anime films since 1988, successful <a href="/wiki/Gundam_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Gundam model">model kits</a> since 1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neon_Genesis_Evangelion" title="Neon Genesis Evangelion">Neon Genesis Evangelion</a></i> (1 anime TV series since 1995 and 5 anime films since 1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planet_of_the_Apes" title="Planet of the Apes">Planet of the Apes</a></i> (10 films and 1 TV series since 1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Predator_(franchise)" title="Predator (franchise)">Predator</a></i> (5 films since 1987 and 2 Alien vs Predator films since 2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robotech" title="Robotech">Robotech</a></i> (1 anime TV series and 5 anime films since 1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Battleship_Yamato" title="Space Battleship Yamato">Space Battleship Yamato</a></i> (5 anime TV series since 1974 and 7 anime films since 1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Starcraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Starcraft">Starcraft</a></i> (since 1998, started from video game)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Odyssey" title="Space Odyssey">Space Odyssey</a></i> (2 short stories since 1954, 2 films since 1968, 4 novels since 1968, <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Worlds_of_2001" title="The Lost Worlds of 2001">1 1972 book</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i> (7 live-action TV series since 1966, 3 animated TV series, 13 Theatrical films: 6 Original Series films since 1979, 4 Next Generation films since 1994 and 3 reboot films since 2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i> (9 episodic "Saga" films since 1977, <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Holiday_Special" title="Star Wars Holiday Special">1 1978 TV film</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Ewok" title="Ewok">Ewok</a> films since 1985, <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)">1 2008 <i>The Clone Wars</i> film</a>, 2 "Anthology" films since 2016, 5 canon animated TV series since 2008, 6 canon live-action TV series since 2019, 3 <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_expanded_universe" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars expanded universe">Legends</a></i> TV series since 1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stargate" title="Stargate">Stargate</a></i> (3 theater films since 1994, 4 live-action TV series since 1997 and 1 animated TV series from 2003)</li> <li><i>The Expanse</i> (<a href="/wiki/The_Expanse_(novel_series)" title="The Expanse (novel series)">8 novels</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Expanse_(TV_series)" title="The Expanse (TV series)">1 television series</a> since 2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transformers" title="Transformers">Transformers</a></i> (28 TV series since 1984, 4 animated films since 1986, 6 <a href="/wiki/Transformers_(film_series)" title="Transformers (film series)">live action films</a> since 2007, started from toy line)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra Series">Ultra Series</a></i> (34 TV series since 1966 and 29 films since 1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Worlds" title="The War of the Worlds">The War of the Worlds</a></i> (half a dozen feature films, radio dramas, a record album, various comic book adaptations, a number of television series, and sequels or parallel stories by other authors since 1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000">Warhammer 40,000</a></i> (family of tabletop wargames first published in 1987 by <a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop" title="Games Workshop">Games Workshop</a>, hundreds of novels by Games Workshop's in-house publishing company <a href="/wiki/Black_Library" title="Black Library">Black Library</a>, dozens of video games, and several short films and web series officially published by GW. Games Workshop recently signed a development deal with <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Studios">Amazon Studios</a> to develop a <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> TV series, with <i><a href="/wiki/Man_of_Steel_(film)" title="Man of Steel (film)">Man of Steel</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Witcher_(TV_series)" title="The Witcher (TV series)">The Witcher</a></i> star <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavill" title="Henry Cavill">Henry Cavill</a> as both producer and playing a starring role.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sf-userbox.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/28px-Sf-userbox.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/42px-Sf-userbox.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/56px-Sf-userbox.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Science fiction">Science fiction portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">List of science fiction themes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fiction" title="Outline of fiction">Outline of fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fantasy" title="Outline of fantasy">Outline of fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_science_fiction" title="Timeline of science fiction">Timeline of science fiction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science%20fiction">"Science fiction - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"</a>. <i>merriam-webster.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Science+fiction+-+Definition+and+More+from+the+Free+Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fscience%2520fiction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/science-fiction">"Definition of science fiction noun from Cambridge Dictionary Online: Free English Dictionary and Thesaurus"</a>. <i>dictionary.cambridge.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.cambridge.org&rft.atitle=Definition+of+science+fiction+noun+from+Cambridge+Dictionary+Online%3A+Free+English+Dictionary+and+Thesaurus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fbritish%2Fscience-fiction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100621024242/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3">"science fiction definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta"</a>. <i>encarta.msn.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3&search=science%20fiction">the original</a> on 21 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=science+fiction+definition+-+Dictionary+-+MSN+Encarta&rft.btitle=encarta.msn.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencnet%2Ffeatures%2Fdictionary%2FDictionaryResults.aspx%3Flextype%3D3%26search%3Dscience%2520fiction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilksFlemingAllen2003" class="citation web cs1">Gilks, Marg; Fleming, Paula & Allen, Moira (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.writing-world.com/sf/sf.shtml">"Science Fiction: The Literature of Ideas"</a>. WritingWorld.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction%3A+The+Literature+of+Ideas&rft.pub=WritingWorld.com&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Gilks&rft.aufirst=Marg&rft.au=Fleming%2C+Paula&rft.au=Allen%2C+Moira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.writing-world.com%2Fsf%2Fsf.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, Patrick Parrinder comments that "[d]efinitions of science fiction are not so much a series of logical approximations to an elusive ideal, as a small, parasitic subgenre in themselves." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrinder1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Parrinder" title="Patrick Parrinder">Parrinder, Patrick</a> (1980). <i>Science Fiction: Its Criticism and Teaching</i>. London: New Accents.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction%3A+Its+Criticism+and+Teaching&rft.place=London&rft.pub=New+Accents&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Parrinder&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/index.html">"Science Fiction Awards Index"</a>. <i>Locus Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Locus+Magazine&rft.atitle=Science+Fiction+Awards+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.locusmag.com%2FSFAwards%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehugoawards.org/about/">"The Hugo Awards"</a>. <i>The Official Site of The Hugo Awards</i>. 18 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Sep 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Site+of+The+Hugo+Awards&rft.atitle=The+Hugo+Awards&rft.date=2007-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nesfa.org/awards/the-skylark/">"The E. E. Smith Memorial Award"</a>. <i>New England Science Fiction Society, Inc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 Mar</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+England+Science+Fiction+Society%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=The+E.+E.+Smith+Memorial+Award&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nesfa.org%2Fawards%2Fthe-skylark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://christopher-mckitterick.com/Sturgeon-Campbell/campbell.htm">"The John W. Campbell Memorial Award"</a>. <i>Christopher McKitterick</i>. Aug 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 Mar</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christopher+McKitterick&rft.atitle=The+John+W.+Campbell+Memorial+Award&rft.date=2021-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchristopher-mckitterick.com%2FSturgeon-Campbell%2Fcampbell.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016205602/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Balrog.html">"The Balrog Awards"</a>. <i>Locus Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Balrog.html">the original</a> on 2011-10-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Sep 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Locus+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Balrog+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.locusmag.com%2FSFAwards%2FDb%2FBalrog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lfs.org/awards.shtml">"Prometheus Awards"</a>. <i>Libertarian Futurist Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 Mar</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Libertarian+Futurist+Society&rft.atitle=Prometheus+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flfs.org%2Fawards.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philipkdickaward.org/2022/01/2022-philip-k-dick-award-nominees-announced.html">"2022 Philip K. Dick Award Nominees Announced"</a>. <i>Philip K. Dick Award</i>. 11 Jan 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 Mar</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philip+K.+Dick+Award&rft.atitle=2022+Philip+K.+Dick+Award+Nominees+Announced&rft.date=2022-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philipkdickaward.org%2F2022%2F01%2F2022-philip-k-dick-award-nominees-announced.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bsfs.org/bsfsheinlein.htm">"Robert A. Heinlein Award"</a>. <i>Baltimore Science Fiction Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 Mar</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Science+Fiction+Society&rft.atitle=Robert+A.+Heinlein+Award&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsfs.org%2Fbsfsheinlein.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africansfs.com/about-nommos">"About Nommos"</a>. <i>African Speculative Fiction Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Sep 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+Speculative+Fiction+Society&rft.atitle=About+Nommos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africansfs.com%2Fabout-nommos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://locusmag.com/2020/12/mike-resnick-memorial-award-for-short-fiction/">"Mike Resnick Memorial Award for Short Fiction"</a>. <i>Locus Magazine</i>. 8 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Sep 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Locus+Magazine&rft.atitle=Mike+Resnick+Memorial+Award+for+Short+Fiction&rft.date=2020-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flocusmag.com%2F2020%2F12%2Fmike-resnick-memorial-award-for-short-fiction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societatea_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83_de_Science_Fiction_%C8%99i_Fantasy" class="extiw" title="ro:Societatea Română de Science Fiction și Fantasy">SRSFF</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srsff.ro/">"SRSFF | Societatea Romana de Science Fiction si Fantasy"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SRSFF+%26%23124%3B+Societatea+Romana+de+Science+Fiction+si+Fantasy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.srsff.ro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mos.ru/amp/en/news/item/22650073/">"This is fiction: What is Roscon and why"</a>, mos.ru, 11 April 2017 (retrieved 15 September 2019)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfadb.com/Emperor_Norton_Award">"Emperor Norton Award"</a>. <i>science fiction awards database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=science+fiction+awards+database&rft.atitle=Emperor+Norton+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfadb.com%2FEmperor_Norton_Award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_science_fiction&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Science fiction</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Science_fiction" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Science fiction">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Science_fiction" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Science fiction">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Science_fiction" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Science fiction">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Science_fiction" class="extiw" title="q:Science fiction">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Science_fiction" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Science fiction">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Science_fiction" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Science fiction">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Science_fiction" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Science fiction">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061214162232/http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Science_Fiction_%2528Bookshelf%2529">Science Fiction (Bookshelf)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060506034959/http://www.sfhub.ac.uk/">SF Hub</a>—resources for science-fiction research, created by the University of Liverpool Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efanzines.com">Science fiction fanzines (current and historical) online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfwa.org/member-links/nebula-suggested-reading/">Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America</a>—their "Suggested Reading" page</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110202162530/http://www.empsfm.org/">Science Fiction Museum & Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfra.org/">Science Fiction Research Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=science%20fiction/">Science Fiction at the Internet Archive</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slavcenteur.ru/Proba/Kovtun/kovtun_vymysel.pdf">Ковтун Е. Н. Художественный вымысел в литературе 20 века. — Высшая школа, 2008. — 1500 экз. —</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-06-005661-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-06-005661-7">978-5-06-005661-7</a>.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mirf.ru/articles.php?id=20">Жанры — рубрика журнала «Мир фантастики»</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219183328/http://www.uralstalker.com/pdf/us/2014/11/mobile/index.html#p=81">Вячеслав Бабышев Внешние и внутренние жанры фантастики // Уральский следопыт. — 2014. — № 11 (689). — С. 81-84.</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fantlab.ru/bygenre">Жанры фантастики на Фантлабе.</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fantasy.ru/fz/class.htm">Классификация фантастики на сайте «Фэнта Зиландия».</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Science_fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Science_fiction" title="Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Science_fiction" title="Template talk:Science fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Science_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Science_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science-fiction_authors" title="List of science-fiction authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_science_fiction" title="Definitions of science fiction">Definitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_science_fiction" title="Anthropological science fiction">Anthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_romance" title="Scientific romance">Scientific romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_science_fiction" title="Soft science fiction">Soft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_science_fiction" title="Timeline of science fiction">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction sitcoms">Sitcoms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_space_(science_fiction)" title="Inner space (science fiction)">Inner space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">Mundane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare_in_science_fiction" title="Space warfare in science fiction">Space warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sword and planet">Sword and planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science_fiction" title="Social science fiction">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spy-Fi_(subgenre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy-Fi (subgenre)">Spy-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno-thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_underwater_science_fiction_works" title="List of underwater science fiction works">Underwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Cyberpunk derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanopunk" title="Nanopunk">Nanopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk">Solarpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">Fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-fiction_fanzine" title="Science-fiction fanzine">Fanzines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">ISFDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_libraries_and_museums" title="Science fiction libraries and museums">Libraries and museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_studies" title="Science fiction studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_speculative_fiction" title="Women in speculative fiction">Women in SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldcon" title="Worldcon">Worldcon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction" title="Australian science fiction">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_science_fiction" title="Bengali science fiction">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction" title="Canadian science fiction">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_science_fiction" title="Chilean science fiction">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_science_fiction" title="Chinese science fiction">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_science_fiction" title="Croatian science fiction">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech science fiction and fantasy">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_science_fiction" title="Estonian science fiction">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_science_fiction" title="French science fiction">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_science_fiction" title="Hungarian science fiction">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_science_fiction" title="Norwegian science fiction">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_and_fantasy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction and fantasy in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_science_fiction" title="Romanian science fiction">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian science fiction and fantasy">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_science_fiction" title="Serbian science fiction">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_science_fiction" title="Spanish science fiction">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_science_fiction" title="Yugoslav science fiction">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinematic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Awards" title="Jules Verne Awards">Jules Verne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary, art,<br />and audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Award_for_Best_New_Writer" title="Astounding Award for Best New Writer">Astounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurealis_Award" title="Aurealis Award">Aurealis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSFA_Award" title="BSFA Award">BSFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell_Memorial_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Campbell Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesley_Awards" title="Chesley Awards">Chesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Crook_Award" title="Compton Crook Award">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Science_Fiction_Preis" title="Deutscher Science Fiction Preis">Deutscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick_Award" title="Philip K. Dick Award">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditmar_Award" title="Ditmar Award">Ditmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_Award" title="Endeavour Award">Endeavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FantLab%27s_Book_of_the_Year_Award" title="FantLab's Book of the Year Award">FantLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Award_(China)" title="Galaxy Award (China)">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Gaughan_Award" title="Jack Gaughan Award">Gaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geffen_Award" title="Geffen Award">Geffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Duck_Award" title="Golden Duck Award">Golden Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Award" title="Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_de_l%27Imaginaire" title="Grand prix de l'Imaginaire">Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Harland_Prize" title="Paul Harland Prize">Harland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein_Award" title="Robert A. Heinlein Award">Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premio_Ignotus" title="Premio Ignotus">Ignotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitschies" title="Kitschies">Kitschies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lambda_Literary_Awards_winners_and_nominees_for_science_fiction,_fantasy_and_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lambda Literary Awards winners and nominees for science fiction, fantasy and horror">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd_La%C3%9Fwitz_Award" title="Kurd Laßwitz Award">Laßwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Award" title="Nautilus Award">Nautilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nommo_Awards" title="Nommo Awards">Nommo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton_Award" title="Andre Norton Award">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsec_Awards" title="Parsec Awards">Parsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Award" title="Prometheus Award">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhysling_Award" title="Rhysling Award">Rhysling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFERA_Award" title="SFERA Award">SFERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewise_Award_for_Alternate_History" title="Sidewise Award for Alternate History">Sidewise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Smith_Memorial_Award" title="Edward E. Smith Memorial Award">Skylark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon_Award" title="Theodore Sturgeon Award">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunburst_Award" title="Sunburst Award">Sunburst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htivaeltaja_Award" title="Tähtivaeltaja Award">Tähtivaeltaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBD_Science_Fiction_Story_Award" title="TBD Science Fiction Story Award">TBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree_Jr._Award" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tiptree Jr. Award">Tiptree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Apollo_Award" title="Prix Apollo Award">Tour-Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_%26_Fantasy_Translation_Awards" title="Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards">Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania_Award" title="Urania Award">Urania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Julius_Vogel_Award" title="Sir Julius Vogel Award">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_of_the_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers of the Future">Writers and Illustrators of the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_A._Zajdel_Award" title="Janusz A. Zajdel Award">Zajdel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Awards" title="Aurora Awards">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler_Award" title="Chandler Award">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiun_Award" title="Seiun Award">Seiun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylactic_Spectrum_Awards" title="Gaylactic Spectrum Awards">Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction_films" title="History of science fiction films">Film history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_fiction_films" title="Lists of science fiction films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_films_in_India" title="Science fiction films in India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_novels" title="List of science fiction novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_short_stories" title="List of science fiction short stories">Short stories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_opera" title="Science fiction opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_theatre" title="Science fiction theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television" title="Science fiction on television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_television_programs" title="List of science fiction television programs">List of TV shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction_television" title="Australian science fiction television">Australasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_television_science_fiction" title="British television science fiction">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction_television" title="Canadian science fiction television">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television#Continental_European_science_fiction_series" title="Science fiction on television">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Live-action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._television_science_fiction" title="U.S. television science fiction">U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_architecture" title="Space architecture">Architectural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyson_sphere" title="Dyson sphere">Dyson sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrioshka_brain" title="Matrioshka brain">Matrioshka brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_stations_and_habitats_in_fiction" title="Space stations and habitats in fiction">Space stations and habitats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_engine" title="Stellar engine">Stellar engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_in_popular_culture" title="Terraforming in popular culture">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biology_in_fiction" title="Biology in fiction">Biological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare_in_popular_culture" title="Biological warfare in popular culture">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_being" title="Energy being">Energy being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_in_fiction" title="Evolution in fiction">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_extraterrestrials" title="Lists of fictional extraterrestrials">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_speculative_fiction" title="Gender in speculative fiction">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic engineering in science fiction">Genetic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisibility_in_fiction" title="Invisibility in fiction">Invisibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology_in_fiction" title="Nanotechnology in fiction">Nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_fiction" title="Organ transplantation in fiction">Organ transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasites_in_fiction" title="Parasites in fiction">Parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthetics_in_fiction" title="Prosthetics in fiction">Prosthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction">Sex and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiosis_in_fiction" title="Symbiosis in fiction">Symbiosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansible" title="Ansible">Ansible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_holes_in_fiction" title="Black holes in fiction">Black holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction" title="Extrasolar planets in fiction">Extrasolar planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_field_(technology)" title="Force field (technology)">Force field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperspace" title="Hyperspace">Hyperspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertialess_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertialess drive">Inertialess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiverse" title="Multiverse">Multiverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_hole" title="Portable hole">Portable hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_travel_in_science_fiction" title="Space travel in science fiction">Space travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargate_(device)" title="Stargate (device)">Stargate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_fiction" title="Stars in fiction">Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation_in_fiction" title="Teleportation in fiction">Teleportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel_in_fiction" title="Time travel in fiction">Time travel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_viewer" title="Time viewer">Viewer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_drive" title="Warp drive">Warp drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormholes_in_fiction" title="Wormholes in fiction">Wormhole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_mind_(science_fiction)" title="Group mind (science fiction)">Group mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_uploading_in_fiction" title="Mind uploading in fiction">Mind uploading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psionics" title="Psionics">Psionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_consciousness_in_fiction" title="Simulated consciousness in fiction">Simulated consciousness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Alien language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts_in_popular_culture" title="Ancient astronauts in popular culture">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_science_fiction" title="Black science fiction">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_contact_(science_fiction)" title="First contact (science fiction)">First contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_complex" title="Frankenstein complex">Frankenstein complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_empire" title="Galactic empire">Galactic empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_from_space_(science_fiction)" title="Message from space (science fiction)">Message from space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism_in_fiction" title="Transhumanism in fiction">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uplift_(science_fiction)" title="Uplift (science fiction)">Uplift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover_in_popular_culture" title="AI takeover in popular culture">AI takeover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_engineering" title="Astronomical engineering">Astroengineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography_in_fiction" title="Holography in fiction">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_robots_and_androids" title="List of fictional robots and androids">Robots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyborgs_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyborgs in fiction">Cyborgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-replicating_machines_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-replicating machines in fiction">Self-replicating machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_reality" title="Simulated reality">Simulated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_spacecraft" title="List of fictional spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyons_in_fiction" title="Tachyons in fiction">Tachyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_in_science_fiction" title="Weapons in science fiction">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian science fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_astronauts" title="Lists of fictional astronauts">Fictional astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional technology">Fictional technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_history" title="Future history">Future history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_Fiction" title="Museum of Science Fiction">Museum of Science Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_science" title="Rubber science">Rubber science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies" title="Science and technology studies">Science and technology studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sense_of_wonder" title="Sense of wonder">Sense of wonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_and_society" title="Technology and society">Technology and society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" 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