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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Upbringing_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upbringing_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Upbringing and career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upbringing_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_vocational_life_in_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_vocational_life_in_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>A vocational life in music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_vocational_life_in_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_years_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_years_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Last years and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_years_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cui_as_a_music_critic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cui_as_a_music_critic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cui as a music critic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cui_as_a_music_critic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cui_as_a_composer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cui_as_a_composer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cui as a composer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cui_as_a_composer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literary works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">César Cui</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A" title="سيزار كوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيزار كوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%96" title="Цэзар Антонавіч Кюі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цэзар Антонавіч Кюі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D0%B8" title="Цезар Кюи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цезар Кюи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Antonovi%C4%8D_Kjui" title="César Antonovič Kjui – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="César Antonovič Kjui" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsesar_Kjui" title="Tsesar Kjui – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tsesar Kjui" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AD%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%81_%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF" title="Σέζαρ Κιουί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σέζαρ Κιουί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="سزار کوئی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سزار کوئی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4_%ED%81%90%EC%9D%B4" title="체자르 큐이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체자르 큐이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%BF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB" title="Ցեզար Կյուի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցեզար Կյուի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezar_Antonovi%C4%8D_Kjui" title="Cezar Antonovič Kjui – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cezar Antonovič Kjui" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezar%27_Antonovi%C4%8D_Kjui" title="Cezar' Antonovič Kjui – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cezar' Antonovič Kjui" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99" title="צזאר קואי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צזאר קואי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98" title="ცეზარ კიუი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცეზარ კიუი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Кюй Цезарь Антонович – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кюй Цезарь Антонович" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_Cui" title="Caesar Cui – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caesar Cui" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezars_Ki%C4%AB" title="Cezars Kiī – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cezars Kiī" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezaris_Kiuji" title="Cezaris Kiuji – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cezaris Kiuji" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezar_Antonovics_Kjui" title="Cezar Antonovics Kjui – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cezar Antonovics Kjui" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%89" title="سيزار كوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيزار كوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A4" title="ツェーザリ・キュイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツェーザリ・キュイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezar_Cui" title="Cezar Cui – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cezar Cui" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%9Aezar_Antonovici_Kiui" title="Țezar Antonovici Kiui – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Țezar Antonovici Kiui" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Kyui" title="Cesar Kyui – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Cesar Kyui" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D0%B8,_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Кюи, Цезарь Антонович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кюи, Цезарь Антонович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Kjuj" title="César Kjuj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="César Kjuj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%98%D1%83%D1%98" title="Цезар Кјуј – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цезар Кјуј" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezar_Kjui" title="Cezar Kjui – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cezar Kjui" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%97_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Кюї Цезар Антонович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кюї Цезар Антонович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="César Cui" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%96%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E4%BC%8A" title="策扎尔·安东诺维奇·居伊 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="策扎尔·安东诺维奇·居伊" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian composer and army officer (1835–1918)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is <i> Antonovich</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i> Cui</i>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cui_CuiIP_Frontispiece_600.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cui_CuiIP_Frontispiece_600.jpg/220px-Cui_CuiIP_Frontispiece_600.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cui_CuiIP_Frontispiece_600.jpg/330px-Cui_CuiIP_Frontispiece_600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cui_CuiIP_Frontispiece_600.jpg/440px-Cui_CuiIP_Frontispiece_600.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="839" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">César Cui, 1910</div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>César Antonovich Cui</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Цезарь Антонович Кюи</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Tsezar Antonovich Kyui</i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈt͡sjezərʲ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɐnˈtonəvʲɪt͡ɕ<span class="wrap"> </span>kʲʊˈi]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8d\/Ru-Tsezar-Antonovich-Kyui.ogg\/Ru-Tsezar-Antonovich-Kyui.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-Tsezar-Antonovich-Kyui.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Ru-Tsezar-Antonovich-Kyui.ogg/Ru-Tsezar-Antonovich-Kyui.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-Tsezar-Antonovich-Kyui.ogg" title="File:Ru-Tsezar-Antonovich-Kyui.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Cesarius Benjaminus Cui</i>; 18 January [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 6 January] 1835 – 26 March 1918)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_composers" title="List of Russian composers">Russian composer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">music critic</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Belyayev_circle" title="Belyayev circle">Belyayev circle</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Five_(composers)" title="The Five (composers)">The Five</a> – a group of composers combined by the idea of creating a specifically <a href="/wiki/Russian_folk_music" title="Russian folk music">Russian type of music</a>. As an <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a>, he rose to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Table_of_Ranks#Table_of_Ranks" title="Table of Ranks">Engineer-General</a> (equivalent to full General), taught <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortifications</a> in Russian military academies and wrote a <a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_works_by_C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="List of literary works by César Cui">number of monographs</a> on the subject. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upbringing_and_career">Upbringing and career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Upbringing and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cesar_Cui_by_Makovsky_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cesar_Cui_by_Makovsky_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Cesar_Cui_by_Makovsky_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cesar_Cui_by_Makovsky_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Cesar_Cui_by_Makovsky_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cesar_Cui_by_Makovsky_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Cesar_Cui_by_Makovsky_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1899" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of César Cui by <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Makovsky" title="Konstantin Makovsky">Konstantin Makovsky</a> (detail), <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1880s</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Cesarius-Benjaminus Cui was born in Wilno, <a href="/wiki/Vilna_Governorate" title="Vilna Governorate">Vilna Governorate</a> of the Russian Empire (now <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>) into a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> family of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a>–<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian people">Lithuanian</a> descent, the youngest of five children.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original French spelling of his surname was "Queuille."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His French father, Antoine (Anton Leonardovich) Cui, entered Russia with <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">Napoleon's army</a>; in 1812, he was injured during the battle near <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a> and (following the defeat) would settle in Vilnius. He married local <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">noblewoman</a> Julia Gucewicz;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some sources indicate that her father was the Lithuanian architect <a href="/wiki/Laurynas_Gucevi%C4%8Dius" title="Laurynas Gucevičius">Laurynas Gucevičius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The young César grew up learning <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a secondary school (<a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasium</a>) student in Wilno, he took music lessons with <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Stanisław Moniuszko</a> in 1850. Later that year, before completing his gymnasium education, Cui was sent to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> to prepare to enter the <a href="/wiki/Military_Engineering-Technical_University" title="Military Engineering-Technical University">Chief Engineering School</a>, which he did the following year at age 16.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1855, he graduated from the academy; following advanced studies at the Nikolaevsky Engineering Academy (now <a href="/wiki/Military_Engineering-Technical_University" title="Military Engineering-Technical University">Military Engineering-Technical University</a>), he began his military career in 1857 as an instructor in fortifications.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His students over the decades included several members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov" title="House of Romanov">Imperial family</a>, most notably <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cui eventually ended up teaching at three of the military academies in Saint Petersburg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeef1992136_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeef1992136-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cui's study of fortifications gained from a frontline assignment during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_of_1877%E2%80%931878" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878">Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878</a> proved important to his career. As an expert on military fortifications, Cui eventually attained the academic rank of professor in 1880 and the military rank of <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">general</a> in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His writings on fortifications included textbooks that were widely used, in several successive editions (see bibliography below). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_vocational_life_in_music">A vocational life in music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: A vocational life in music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite his achievements as a professional military academic, Cui is best known in the West for his 'other' life in music. As a boy in Vilnius, he received <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> lessons, studied <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a>'s works, and began composing little pieces at fourteen years of age. In the few months before he was sent to Petersburg, he managed to have some lessons in <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theory</a> with the Polish composer <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Stanisław Moniuszko</a>, who was residing in Vilnius at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cui's musical direction changed in 1856, when he met <a href="/wiki/Mily_Balakirev" title="Mily Balakirev">Mily Balakirev</a> and began to be more seriously involved with music.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though he was composing music and writing music criticism in his spare time, Cui turned out to be an extremely prolific composer and <a href="/wiki/Feuilleton" title="Feuilleton">feuilletonist</a>. His public "debut" as a composer occurred in 1859 with the performance of his orchestral Scherzo, Op. 1, under the baton of <a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Anton Rubinstein</a> and the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Musical_Society" title="Russian Musical Society">Russian Musical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1869, the first public performance of an <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> by Cui took place, <i><a href="/wiki/William_Ratcliff_(Cui)" title="William Ratcliff (Cui)">William Ratcliff</a></i> (based on the tragedy by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heinrich Heine</a>); it did not ultimately have success, partially because of the harshness of his own writings in the music press.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All but one of his operas were composed to Russian texts; the one exception, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_flibustier_(opera)" title="Le flibustier (opera)">Le flibustier</a></i> (based on a play by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Richepin" title="Jean Richepin">Jean Richepin</a>), premiered in 1894 at the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Comique" title="Opéra-Comique">Opéra-Comique</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (twenty-five years after <i>Ratcliff</i>), but it did not succeed either.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cui's more successful stage works during his lifetime were the one-act <a href="/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic opera</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mandarin%27s_Son" title="The Mandarin's Son">The Mandarin's Son</a></i> (premiered publicly in 1878), the three-act <i><a href="/wiki/The_Prisoner_of_the_Caucasus_(opera)" title="The Prisoner of the Caucasus (opera)">The Prisoner of the Caucasus</a></i> (1883) (based on <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Pushkin</a>), and the one-act <i><a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_Fifi_(Cui)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mademoiselle Fifi (Cui)">Mademoiselle Fifi</a></i> (1903) (based on <a href="/wiki/Guy_de_Maupassant" title="Guy de Maupassant">Guy de Maupassant</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides <i>Flibustier</i>, the only other operas by Cui performed in his lifetime outside of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> were <i>The Prisoner of the Caucasus</i> (in Liège, 1886; the first time any opera by <a href="/wiki/The_Five_(composers)" title="The Five (composers)">The Five</a> was performed outside Russia, but this was also its sole performance outside Russia) and the children's opera <i><a href="/wiki/Puss_in_Boots_(opera)" title="Puss in Boots (opera)">Puss in Boots</a></i> (in Rome, 1915).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CuiBolshoiArtists_1902_CuiIP_273_600.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/CuiBolshoiArtists_1902_CuiIP_273_600.jpg/300px-CuiBolshoiArtists_1902_CuiIP_273_600.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/CuiBolshoiArtists_1902_CuiIP_273_600.jpg/450px-CuiBolshoiArtists_1902_CuiIP_273_600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/CuiBolshoiArtists_1902_CuiIP_273_600.jpg/600px-CuiBolshoiArtists_1902_CuiIP_273_600.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>Cui among artists of the Moscow <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theatre" title="Bolshoi Theatre">Bolshoi Theatre</a>, 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>Cui's activities in musical life also included membership on the opera selection committee at the <a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Theatre" title="Mariinsky Theatre">Mariinsky Theatre</a>; this stint ended in 1883, when both he and <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Rimsky-Korsakov</a> left the committee in protest of its rejection of <a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Mussorgsky</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Khovanshchina" title="Khovanshchina">Khovanshchina</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1896 to 1904, he was director of the Petersburg branch of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Musical_Society" title="Russian Musical Society">Russian Musical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the many musicians Cui knew in his life, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a> looms large. His book, <i>La musique en Russie</i>, and his <i>Suite pour piano</i>, Op. 21, are dedicated to the elder composer. Cui's <i>Tarantelle</i> for orchestra, Op. 12, formed the basis for Liszt's last <a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">piano transcription</a>. In addition, Liszt valued the music of Russian composers quite highly; for Cui's opera <i>William Ratcliff</i>, he expressed some of the highest praise.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two personalities of direct significance for Cui were women who were specially devoted to his music. In <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Louisa_de_Mercy-Argenteau" title="Louisa de Mercy-Argenteau">Comtesse de Mercy-Argenteau</a> (1837–1890) was most influential in making possible the staging of <i>The Prisoner of the Caucasus</i> there in 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Mariya Kerzina, with her husband Arkadiy Kerzin, formed a performance society in 1896 called the Circle of Russian Music Lovers, which began in 1898 to give special place to works by Cui (among those of other Russian composers) in its concerts.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout his rather long and active musical life, Cui won many accolades. In the late 1880s and early 1890s, several foreign musical societies honored Cui with memberships. Shortly after the staging of <i>Le flibustier</i> in Paris, Cui was elected as a correspondent member of the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie Française">Académie Française</a> and was awarded the cross of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Légion d'honneur</a>. In 1896, he was made a member of the Belgian Royal Academy of Literature and Art.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1909 and 1910, events were held in honor of Cui's 50th anniversary as a composer.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cui_grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cui_grave.jpg/150px-Cui_grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cui_grave.jpg/225px-Cui_grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cui_grave.jpg/300px-Cui_grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="1447" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Malvina and César Cui, <a href="/wiki/Tikhvin_Cemetery" title="Tikhvin Cemetery">Tikhvin Cemetery</a>, Saint Petersburg</figcaption></figure> <p>Cui married Malvina Rafailovna Bamberg (Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Мальвина Рафаиловна Бамберг</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[mɐlʲˈvʲinə<span class="wrap"> </span>rəfɐˈiɫəvnə<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈbam⁽ʲ⁾bʲɪrk]</a></span>) in 1858. He had met her at the home of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dargomyzhsky" title="Alexander Dargomyzhsky">Alexander Dargomyzhsky</a>, from whom she was taking singing lessons.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the musical works Cui dedicated to her is the early Scherzo, Op. 1 (1857), which uses themes based on her maiden name (BAmBErG) and his own initials (C. C.), and the comic opera <i>The Mandarin's Son</i>. César and Malvina had two children, Lidiya and Aleksandr. Lidiya, an amateur singer, married and had a son named Yuri Borisovich Amoretti; in the period before the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, Aleksandr was a member of the Russian Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Last_years_and_death">Last years and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Last years and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1916, Cui went blind, although he was still able to compose small pieces by means of dictation.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 26 March 1918 from cerebral <a href="/wiki/Apoplexy" title="Apoplexy">apoplexy</a> and was buried next to his wife Mal'vina (who had died in 1899) at the <a href="/wiki/Smolensky_Lutheran_Cemetery" title="Smolensky Lutheran Cemetery">Smolensky Lutheran Cemetery</a> in Petrograd (now <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>). In 1939, his body was reinterred in <a href="/wiki/Tikhvin_Cemetery" title="Tikhvin Cemetery">Tikhvin Cemetery</a> at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, to lie beside the other members of <a href="/wiki/The_Five_(composers)" title="The Five (composers)">The Five</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cui_as_a_music_critic">Cui as a music critic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cui as a music critic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a writer on music, Cui contributed almost 800 articles to various newspapers and other publications in Russia and Europe between 1864 and 1918 (he "retired" from regular music criticism in 1900). His wide coverage included concerts, recitals, musical life, new publications of music, and personalities. A significant number of his articles (ca. 300) dealt with opera.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several of his themed sets of articles were reissued as monographs; these covered topics as varied as the original 1876 production of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Der Ring des Nibelungen</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_Festspielhaus" title="Bayreuth Festspielhaus">Bayreuth</a>, the development of the Russian romance <i><a href="/wiki/Art_song" title="Art song">art song</a></i>, music in Russia, and <a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Anton Rubinstein</a>'s seminal lectures on the history of <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> music of 1888–1889 (see list of writings below). In addition, as indicated above as part of his profession, Cui also published many books and articles about military fortifications.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Because of rules related to his status in the Russian military, in the early years his musico-critical articles had to be published under a pseudonym, which consisted of three asterisks (***); in Petersburg musical circles, however, it became clear who was writing the articles.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His musical reviews began in the <i><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Vedomosti" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Vedomosti">St. Petersburg Vedomosti</a></i>, expressing disdain for music before <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>) and his advocacy of originality in music. Sarcasm was a regular feature of his <a href="/wiki/Feuilleton" title="Feuilleton">feuilletons</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AveCesar_Raevsky_CuiIP_177_600_cap.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/AveCesar_Raevsky_CuiIP_177_600_cap.JPG/250px-AveCesar_Raevsky_CuiIP_177_600_cap.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/AveCesar_Raevsky_CuiIP_177_600_cap.JPG/375px-AveCesar_Raevsky_CuiIP_177_600_cap.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/AveCesar_Raevsky_CuiIP_177_600_cap.JPG/500px-AveCesar_Raevsky_CuiIP_177_600_cap.JPG 2x" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Caricature of Cui by Rayevsky, based on a painting by <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a>. The gladiators in the center bear shields inscribed with the titles of Cui's operas <i><a href="/wiki/William_Ratcliff_(Cui)" title="William Ratcliff (Cui)">William Ratcliff</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mandarin%27s_Son" title="The Mandarin's Son">The Mandarin's Son</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Angelo_(opera)" title="Angelo (opera)">Angelo</a></i>.</figcaption></figure><p> Cui's primary goal as a critic was to promote the music of contemporary Russian composers, especially the works of his now better-known co-members of The Five. Even they, however, were not spared negative reactions from him here and there, especially in his blistering review of the first production of Mussorgsky's <i><a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov_(opera)" title="Boris Godunov (opera)">Boris Godunov</a></i> in 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in life, Cui championed the music of this late colleague of his to the point of making the first completion of Mussorgsky's unfinished opera <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fair_at_Sorochyntsi" title="The Fair at Sorochyntsi">The Fair at Sorochyntsi</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russian composers outside of The Five, however, were often more likely to produce a negative reaction. This derived at least partly from distrust of the Western-style <a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">conservatory</a> system in favor of the autodidactic approach that The Five had practiced. For instance, Cui lambasted Tchaikovsky's second performed opera, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oprichnik" title="The Oprichnik">The Oprichnik</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his stinging remarks about <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Rachmaninoff)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Rachmaninoff)">Rachmaninoff's Symphony No.1</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are often cited; fortunately, both works have survived their unfavorable premieres for posterity. </p><p>Of Western composers, Cui favored <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a> as progressives.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He admired Wagner's aspirations concerning music drama, but did not agree with that composer's methods to achieve them (such as the <a href="/wiki/Leitmotif" title="Leitmotif">leitmotif</a> system and the predominance of the orchestra).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Late in life, Cui's presumed progressiveness (as espoused in the 1860s and '70s) faded, and he showed firm hostility towards the younger "modernists" such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_d%27Indy" title="Vincent d'Indy">Vincent d'Indy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cui's last published articles (from 1917) constituted merciless parodies, including the little song "Hymn to <a href="/wiki/Futurism_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Futurism (art)">Futurism</a>" and "Concise Directions on How to Become a Modern Composer of Genius without Being a Musician".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cui_as_a_composer">Cui as a composer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cui as a composer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilya_Repin_-_Cesar_Cui.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ilya_Repin_-_Cesar_Cui.jpg/170px-Ilya_Repin_-_Cesar_Cui.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ilya_Repin_-_Cesar_Cui.jpg/255px-Ilya_Repin_-_Cesar_Cui.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ilya_Repin_-_Cesar_Cui.jpg/340px-Ilya_Repin_-_Cesar_Cui.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of César Cui by <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Repin" title="Ilya Repin">Ilya Repin</a>, 1890, (<a href="/wiki/Tretyakov_Gallery" title="Tretyakov Gallery">Tretyakov Gallery</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cesar_Cui_by_Ilya_Repin_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cesar_Cui_by_Ilya_Repin_1900.jpg/170px-Cesar_Cui_by_Ilya_Repin_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cesar_Cui_by_Ilya_Repin_1900.jpg/255px-Cesar_Cui_by_Ilya_Repin_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cesar_Cui_by_Ilya_Repin_1900.jpg/340px-Cesar_Cui_by_Ilya_Repin_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1030" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Cesar Cui by Ilya Repin (sketch), 1900</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="List of compositions by César Cui">List of compositions by César Cui</a></div> <p>Cui composed in almost all genres of his time, with the distinct exceptions of the <a href="/wiki/Symphony" title="Symphony">symphony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">symphonic poem</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Solo_concerto" title="Solo concerto">solo concerto</a> (unlike his compatriots Balakirev, Borodin, Mussorgsky and Rimsky-Korsakov). <a href="/wiki/Art_song" title="Art song">Art songs</a>, including many <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_song" title="Children's song">children's songs</a> and some vocal <a href="/wiki/Duet" title="Duet">duets</a>, have a prominent place in Cui's catalogue. Several of his songs are available also in versions with orchestral accompaniment, including his <i>Bolero</i>, Op. 17, which was dedicated to the singer <a href="/wiki/Marcella_Sembrich" title="Marcella Sembrich">Marcella Sembrich</a>. Some of his most famous art songs include "The Statue at <a href="/wiki/Tsarskoye_Selo" title="Tsarskoye Selo">Tsarskoye Selo</a>" ("Царскосельская статyя") and "The Burnt Letter," ("Сожжённое письмо"), both based on poems by Cui's most valued poet, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In addition, Cui wrote many works for <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">chamber</a> groups (including three <a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">string quartets</a>), numerous choruses, and several <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestral works</a>, but his most significant efforts are reflected in the operas, of which he composed fifteen of varying proportions. Besides children's music (which includes four fairytale operas as well as the aforementioned songs), three other special categories of compositions stand out among his works: pieces inspired by and dedicated to the Comtesse de Mercy-Argenteau (whom the composer knew from 1885 to her death in 1890), works associated with the Circle of Russian Music Lovers (the "Kerzin Circle"), and pieces inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the last few decades, <i><a href="/wiki/Puss_in_Boots_(opera)" title="Puss in Boots (opera)">Puss in Boots</a></i> (from <a href="/wiki/Charles_Perrault" title="Charles Perrault">Perrault</a>), one of the four children's operas he composed, has gained wide appeal in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, despite the fact that more of Cui's music has been made available in recent years, both in recordings and in new printed editions, his status in today's repertoire is considerably limited, based (in the West) primarily on some of his piano and chamber music (such as the <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a> and piano piece <i>Orientale</i> (op. 50, No. 9)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and a number of solo songs. His abilities as an orchestrator have been disparaged, notably by his compatriot <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Rimsky-Korsakov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The received wisdom is that he is not a particularly talented composer, at least for large forms; his strongest talent is said to lie in the crystallization of mood at an instant as captured in his art songs and instrumental miniatures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorrisNeffn.d._49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorrisNeffn.d.-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cui's works are not so nationalistic as those of the other members of <a href="/wiki/The_Five_(composers)" title="The Five (composers)">The Five</a>; with the exception of Pushkin, his operas do not display a strong attraction to Russian sources. In the area of <a href="/wiki/Art_song" title="Art song">art song</a>, however, the vast majority of Cui's vocal music is based on Russian texts. Overt attempts at Russian "folk" musical style can be detected in passages from his first act of the collaborative <i><a href="/wiki/Mlada" title="Mlada">Mlada</a></i> (1872), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Captain%27s_Daughter_(opera)" title="The Captain's Daughter (opera)">The Captain's Daughter</a></i>, a couple of his children's operas, and a few songs; many other passages in his music reflect the stylistic curiosities associated with Russian art music of the 19th century, such as <a href="/wiki/Whole-tone_scale" title="Whole-tone scale">whole-tone scales</a> and certain <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmonic devices</a>. Nevertheless, his style is more often compared to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> composers such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gounod" title="Charles Gounod">Gounod</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> than to <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Mikhail Glinka</a> or to Cui's Russian contemporaries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_works">Literary works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Literary works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A selected list of Cui's writings on music and military architecture can be found at <a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_works_by_C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="List of literary works by César Cui">List of literary works by César Cui</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The BGN/PCGN <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">transliteration of Russian</a> is used for his name here. ALA-LC system: T͡sezarʹ Antonovich Ki͡ui, ISO 9 system: Cezarʹ Antonovič Kûi.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Caesar Antonii filius Cui</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.translitteration.com/transliteration/en/russian/bgn-pcgn/">"Russian – BGN/PCGN transliteration system"</a>. <i>transliteration.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=transliteration.com&rft.atitle=Russian+%E2%80%93+BGN%2FPCGN+transliteration+system&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.translitteration.com%2Ftransliteration%2Fen%2Frussian%2Fbgn-pcgn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%A9sar+Cui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, А.ф. <i>Цезарь Антонович Кюи</i> (Moscow: Muzyka, 1989), p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As Cui wrote to Felipe Pedrell in 1897: "Bien que russe, je suis d’origine mi-française, mi-lithuanienne." See <a href="#CITEREFNorrisNeffn.d.">Norris & Neff n.d.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opera.stanford.edu/iu/russmus/cui/cuibio.html">"Cui Bio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cui+Bio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopera.stanford.edu%2Fiu%2Frussmus%2Fcui%2Fcuibio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%A9sar+Cui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, p. 7-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eduardas Budreika. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eia.libis.lt:8080/archyvas/viesas/20110110060412/http://www.culture.lt/satenai/?leid_id=692&kas=straipsnis&st_id=2498">Antoine Cui and his Lithuanian family</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611044626/http://eia.libis.lt:8080/archyvas/viesas/20110110060412/http://www.culture.lt/satenai/?leid_id=692&kas=straipsnis&st_id=2498">Archived</a> 11 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> article from <a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_At%C4%97nai" class="extiw" title="lt:Šiaurės Atėnai">Šiaurės Atėnai</a>, 13 March 2004 (in Lithuanian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, p. 14-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, p. 15-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, p. 22, 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ильинский, А.А.; Пахулский, Г. <i>Биографии композиторов с IV-XX век с портретами</i> (Москва: Изд. К.А. Дурново, 1904), p. 518.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeef1992136-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeef1992136_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeef1992">Neef 1992</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, p. 106-110, 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Кюи, Ц. А., "Первые композиторские шаги Ц. А. Кюи (письмо к редактору)", <i>Избранные статьи</i>, составитель И. Л. Гусин (Ленинград: Гос. муз. изд-во, 1952), editor's notes, pp. 542–543.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, pp. 12–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, pp. 25–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Гозенпуд, А. А., <i>Русский оперный театр XIX века, 1857–1872</i> [<i>Russian Operatic Theater of the 19th Century, 1857–1872</i>] (Ленинград, Музыка, 1971), 228–235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, pp. 58–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, pp. 132–135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Бернандт, Г. Б. <i>Словарь опер впервые поставленных или изданных в дореволюционной России и в СССР, 1836–1959.</i> [<i>Dictionary of Operas First Performed or Published in Pre-Revolutionary Russia and in the USSR, 1836–1959</i>] (Москва: Советский композитор, 1962). pp. 125–126, 288, 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Бернандт, Г. Б. <i>Словарь опер</i>, pp. 125, 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кюи, <i>Избранные письма</i> [<i>Selected Letters</i>], p. 112 (also editor's notes, pp. 571–572).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, pp. 147, 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кюи, <i>Избранные письма</i>, p. 506.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, pp. 150–157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, pp. 35–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, pp. 201–205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кюи, <i>Избранные письма</i>, editor's notes, pp. 635, 395, 703, 715–716.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кюи, <i>Избранные письма</i>, p. 477.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, p. 155, 221–222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кюи, <i>Избранные статьи</i>, Библиографический указатель статей Ц. А. Кюи, 1864–1918 [Bibliographic index of articles by C. A. Cui, 1864–1918], pp. 624–660.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cesar-Cui">"César Cui | Russian composer"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=C%C3%A9sar+Cui+%7C+Russian+composer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FCesar-Cui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%A9sar+Cui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, pp. 68–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Гозенпуд, А. А., <i>Русский оперный театр XIX века, 1857–1872</i>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кюи, "Театр и музыка. <i>Борис Годунов</i>, опера г. Мусоргского, дважды забракованная водивильным комитетом" ["Theatre and music. <i>Boris Godunov</i>, opera by Mr. Musorgsky, twice rejected by the vaudeville committee"], <i>Санкт-Петербургские ведомости</i>, 6 февр. 1874, No. 37, 1874</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Назаров, pp. 214–215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Музыкальные заметки. <i>Опричник</i>, опера г. Чайковского" [Musical notes. <i>The Oprichnik</i>, opera by Mr. Tchaikovsky"], <i>Санкт-Петербургские ведомости</i>, 23 апр. 1874, No. 110, 1874.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Театр и музыка. Третий Русский симфонический концерт" ["Theatre and music. Third Russian Symphony Concert"], <i>Новости и биржевая газета</i>, 17 марта No. 75, 1897.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кюи, "Первые композиторские шаги", p. 554.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кюи, "Несколько слов о современных оперных формах" ["A Few Words about Contemporary Operatic Forms"], <i>Избранные статьи,</i> p. 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кюи, <i>Избранные статьи</i>, pp. 537–550</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кюи, <i>Избранные статьи</i>, pp. 550–552.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boas, Robert. "Nuremberg." Opera [London], v. 32 (1981), pp. 288–289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Score available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an14448987">http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an14448987</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ястребцев, В.В., <i>Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков: воспоминания В.В. Ястребцева, [в двух томах]</i>, [<i>Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov: Reminiscences by V. V. Iastrebtsev</i>, in two volumes] (Ленинград: Гос. муз. изд-во, 1959–1960), т. 1, p. 145, 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorrisNeffn.d.-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorrisNeffn.d._49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorrisNeffn.d.">Norris & Neff n.d</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ларош, Герман Августович, "Один из наших шуманистов: Ц.А. Кюи как композитор опер и романсов" ["One of Our Schumannists: C. A. Cui as Composer of Operas and Romances"], <i>Русский вестник</i>, т. 180 (1885), p. 985-1008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abraham, Gerald, "Heine, Cui, and William Ratcliff," his Essays on Russian and East European Music (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985), p. 61-62.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Назаров, Александр Федорович [Nazarov, Aleksandr Fedorovich]: <i>Цезарь Антонович Кюи</i>. Москва, 1989. "Музыка". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5714001516" title="Special:BookSources/5714001516">5714001516</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeef1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Neef" title="Sigrid Neef">Neef, Sigrid</a> (1992). <i>Die Russischen Fünf: Balakirew, Borodin, Cui, Mussorgski, Rimski-Korsakow</i>. Berlin: E. Kuhn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Russischen+F%C3%BCnf%3A+Balakirew%2C+Borodin%2C+Cui%2C+Mussorgski%2C+Rimski-Korsakow&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=E.+Kuhn&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Neef&rft.aufirst=Sigrid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%A9sar+Cui" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorrisNeffn.d." class="citation book cs1">Norris, Geoffrey; Neff, Lyle (n.d.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/06938">"Cui, César [Kyui, Tsezar' Antonovich]"</a></span>. In L. Macy (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cui%2C+C%C3%A9sar+%5BKyui%2C+Tsezar%27+Antonovich%5D&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=Neff%2C+Lyle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fgrove%2Fmusic%2F06938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%C3%A9sar+Cui" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: year">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Guglielmi, Edoardo. "Cesar Cui e l'Ottocento musicale russo," <i>Chigiana</i>, v. 25, no. 5 (1968), p. 187–195.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Clotilde-Elisabeth_Louise_de_Riquet,_comtesse_de_Mercy-Argenteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Clotilde-Elisabeth Louise de Riquet, comtesse de Mercy-Argenteau">Mercy-Argenteau, La Comtesse de</a>, <i>César Cui: esquisse critique</i>. Paris: Fischbacher, 1888.</li> <li>Муселак, Анри [Musielak Henri]. "Предки Кюи" ["Cui's Forebears"], <i>Советская Музыка</i>, 1979, no.10, p. 141–142.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neef,_Sigrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Neef, Sigrid">Neef, Sigrid</a>. <i>Handbuch der russischen und sowjetischen Oper</i>. 1st ed. Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1989, c1985.</li> <li>Neff, Lyle Kevin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2022/24419"><i>Story, style, and structure in the operas of César Cui</i></a>. PhD dissertation (2002), Indiana University, United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Vasilievich_Stasov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Vasilievich Stasov">Stasov, V.V.</a> "Цезарь Антонович Кюи: биографический очерк" [César Antonovich Cui: A Biographical Sketch] <i>Артист</i> [<i>Artist</i>] [Moscow], no. 34 (1894); reprinted and edited in his <i>Избранные сочинение: живопись, скульптура, музыка</i>. В трех томах. Т. 3. [<i>Selected Works: Painting, Sculpture, Music</i>. In three vols. Vol. 3.] Москва: Искусство, 1952, p. 387–408.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Cui&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Cui,_C%C3%A9sar" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Cui, César">Free scores by César Cui</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/césar-cui-mn0001205582">César Cui</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classicalmusicnews.ru/tikhomirov/cesar-cui/">"His Musical Excellency" by the composer Andrei Tikhomirov</a> <small>(with music samples)</small></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="Template:César Cui"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="Template talk:César Cui"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="Special:EditPage/Template:César Cui"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="César_Cui" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">César Cui</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="List of compositions by César Cui">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_the_Caucasus_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoner of the Caucasus (opera)">Prisoner of the Caucasus</a></i> (1858)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mandarin%27s_Son" title="The Mandarin's Son">The Mandarin's Son</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Ratcliff_(Cui)" title="William Ratcliff (Cui)">William Ratcliff</a></i> (1869)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelo_(opera)" title="Angelo (opera)">Angelo</a></i> (1876)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_flibustier_(opera)" title="Le flibustier (opera)">Le flibustier</a></i> (1894)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Saracen_(opera)" title="The Saracen (opera)">The Saracen</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Feast_in_Time_of_Plague_(Cui_opera)" title="A Feast in Time of Plague (Cui opera)">A Feast in Time of Plague</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_Fifi_(opera)" title="Mademoiselle Fifi (opera)">Mademoiselle Fifi</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mateo_Falcone_(opera)" title="Mateo Falcone (opera)">Mateo Falcone</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Captain%27s_Daughter_(opera)" title="The Captain's Daughter (opera)">The Captain's Daughter</a></i> (1909)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children's operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Bogatyr" title="The Snow Bogatyr">The Snow Bogatyr</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Riding_Hood_(opera)" title="Little Red Riding Hood (opera)">Little Red Riding Hood</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Fool_(opera)" title="Ivan the Fool (opera)">Ivan the Fool</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puss_in_Boots_(opera)" title="Puss in Boots (opera)">Puss in Boots</a></i> (1915)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mlada" title="Mlada">Mlada</a></i> (Act I, with three others, 1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Guest_(Dargomyzhsky)" title="The Stone Guest (Dargomyzhsky)">The Stone Guest</a></i> (Dargomyzhsky, Introduction and end of Tableau 1)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fair_at_Sorochyntsi" title="The Fair at Sorochyntsi">The Fair at Sorochyntsi</a></i> (Mussorgsky)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_works_by_C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="List of literary works by César Cui">List of literary works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Compositions_by_C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="Category:Compositions by César Cui">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Five" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Five_(composers)" title="Template:The Five (composers)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Five_(composers)" title="Template talk:The Five (composers)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Five_(composers)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Five (composers)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Five" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Five_(composers)" title="The Five (composers)">The Five</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mily_Balakirev" title="Mily Balakirev">Mily Balakirev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Alexander Borodin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">César Cui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Modest Mussorgsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky_and_The_Five" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and The Five">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and The Five</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_nationalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musical_nationalism" title="Template:Musical nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_nationalism" title="Template talk:Musical nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musical nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_nationalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Musical nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Bedřich Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Leoš Janáček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohuslav_Martin%C5%AF" title="Bohuslav Martinů">Bohuslav Martinů</a></li></ul></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Gade" title="Niels Gade">Niels Gade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Nielsen" title="Carl Nielsen">Carl Nielsen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Estonia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Tobias" title="Rudolf Tobias">Rudolf Tobias</a></li></ul></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leevi_Madetoja" title="Leevi Madetoja">Leevi Madetoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Jean Sibelius</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Camille Saint-Saëns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romain_Bussine" title="Romain Bussine">Romain Bussine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Carl Maria von Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kod%C3%A1ly" title="Zoltán Kodály">Zoltán Kodály</a></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Zweers" title="Bernard Zweers">Bernard Zweers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Edvard Grieg</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Stanisław Moniuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Wieniawski" title="Henryk Wieniawski">Henryk Wieniawski</a></li></ul></li> <li>Romania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Enescu" title="George Enescu">George Enescu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Mikhail Glinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dargomyzhsky" title="Alexander Dargomyzhsky">Alexander Dargomyzhsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_(composers)" title="The Five (composers)">The Five</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mily_Balakirev" title="Mily Balakirev">Mily Balakirev</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">César Cui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Modest Mussorgsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Alexander Borodin</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Slovakia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Cikker" title="Ján Cikker">Ján Cikker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Moyzes" title="Alexander Moyzes">Alexander Moyzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Sucho%C5%88" title="Eugen Suchoň">Eugen Suchoň</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Alb%C3%A9niz" title="Isaac Albéniz">Isaac Albéniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Manuel de Falla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Granados" title="Enrique Granados">Enrique Granados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Rodrigo" title="Joaquín Rodrigo">Joaquín Rodrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Turina" title="Joaquín Turina">Joaquín Turina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hugo Alfvén">Hugo Alfvén</a></li></ul></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Parry" title="Joseph Parry">Joseph Parry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Villiers_Stanford" title="Charles Villiers Stanford">Charles Villiers Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(composer)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (composer)">Alexander Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Ginastera" title="Alberto Ginastera">Alberto Ginastera</a></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Gomes" title="Antônio Carlos Gomes">Antônio Carlos Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mignone" title="Francisco Mignone">Francisco Mignone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Heitor Villa-Lobos</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Vivier" title="Claude Vivier">Claude Vivier</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ponce" title="Manuel Ponce">Manuel Ponce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Carlos Chávez">Carlos Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Revueltas" title="Silvestre Revueltas">Silvestre Revueltas</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Henry Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Parker" title="Horatio Parker">Horatio Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_MacDowell" title="Edward MacDowell">Edward MacDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Charles Ives</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208546#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208546#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208546#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108886481">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/37101399">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/57346/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfMmwcmKMDHvhBGqhfg8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119224151">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80086152">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13892872c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13892872c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00901966">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35032528">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0002186&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1130904">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/244846">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p085703389">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90804372">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000039589&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000426195&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=253634">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/nl023tk60rw2hcl">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810648747405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007274811805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000187306">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13940914">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10119054?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/b83ea81a-bf4e-413d-b3ae-e557f09ea8b7">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102850">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/805185">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119224151.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119224151">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cui, César (1835-1918)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/080006450">IdRef</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zw1xm3">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/41007359">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" 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