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Here we describe how the ejection rate of eggs of an obligate brood parasite, the great spotted cuckoo Clamator glandarius, by its host, the magpie Pica pica, has recently increased in an area in southern Spain. The ejection rate of great spotted cuckoo eggs in naturally parasitized nests of the magpie increased at a rate of 0.5% year -1 during the period 1982-1992. This result was verified in a number of field experiments using nonmimetic and mimetic model eggs. The rate of increase in ejection rate was 4.7% year -1 for mimetic eggs and 2.3% year -~ for nonmimetic eggs. There were clear differences in parasitism by the great spotted cuckoo between study plots and years, which makes comparisons of rates of parasitism between areas difficult without considering temporal variation. The recent increase in the ejection response of magpies to great spotted cuckoo eggs was not due to magpies using the abundance of cuckoos as a cue to the intensity of parasitism.","publication_date":"1994,,","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"40344812"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Micro-evolutionary change in host response to a brood parasite","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [39079693]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div 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data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="112311797" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112311797/Spatiotemporal_variation_of_host_use_in_a_brood_parasite_the_role_of_the_environment">Spatiotemporal variation of host use in a brood parasite: the role of the environment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="286195907" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Mar%C3%ADaRold%C3%A1n22">María Roldán</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Behavioral Ecology, 2016</p><div 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interaction was found after 12 years of intensive monitoring of a marked population in Spain where both species are sympatric</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32678561" href="https://unfv.academia.edu/carlosdelacruz">carlos de la cruz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bird Study, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"No brood parasitism by the Great Spotted Cuckoo Clamator glandarius on the Azure-winged Magpie Cyanopica cyanus : Capsule No case of parasitic interaction was found after 12 years of intensive monitoring of a marked population in Spain where both species are 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PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="27352973" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27352973/Increased_host_tolerance_of_multiple_cuckoo_eggs_leads_to_higher_fledging_success_of_the_brood_parasite">Increased host tolerance of multiple cuckoo eggs leads to higher fledging success of the brood parasite</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51468683" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JesusAviles8">Jesus Aviles</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animal Behaviour, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Increased host tolerance of multiple cuckoo eggs leads to higher fledging success of the brood parasite","attachmentId":47607751,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27352973/Increased_host_tolerance_of_multiple_cuckoo_eggs_leads_to_higher_fledging_success_of_the_brood_parasite","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27352973/Increased_host_tolerance_of_multiple_cuckoo_eggs_leads_to_higher_fledging_success_of_the_brood_parasite"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="1784407" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1784407/Direct_and_indirect_assessment_of_parasitism_risk_by_a_cuckoo_host">Direct and indirect assessment of parasitism risk by a cuckoo host</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26889" href="https://westernsydney.academia.edu/JustinWelbergen">Justin A Welbergen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">When the risk of encountering enemies varies in space or in time, this may select for plasticity of costly defenses. Hosts are known to vary both mobbing of adult cuckoos and egg rejection with spatiotemporal variation in brood parasitism, but it is unclear what parasitism cues they use to guide their defense plasticity. There is evidence that hosts use cuckoo activity near their nests as a direct cue, but cuckoos are secretive and resemble dangerous birds of prey so hosts may use indirect environmental predictors of parasitism too, such as their nest’s proximity to potential cuckoo lookout perches. Here, we compared reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus nest defense responses with models of various enemies at a parasitized site and at a site where no common cuckoos Cuculus canorus were present. Reed warblers approached model cuckoos less closely and mobbed them less at the unparasitized site. However, at both sites, the warblers reduced their mobbing in a similar manner with increasing distance to the nearest potential cuckoo perch. The variation in response was specific to cuckoos and was not shown to harmless controls. Thus, hosts use both direct (cuckoo presence) and indirect cues (perch distance) of parasitism risk for modulating their costly defenses against their secretive parasite. We suggest that reciprocal selection for detection and suppression of direct and indirect cues provides a unifying feature of cuckoo–host arms races.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Direct and indirect assessment of parasitism risk by a cuckoo host","attachmentId":27295661,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1784407/Direct_and_indirect_assessment_of_parasitism_risk_by_a_cuckoo_host","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1784407/Direct_and_indirect_assessment_of_parasitism_risk_by_a_cuckoo_host"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="13889072" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13889072/Why_Does_the_Frequency_of_Nest_Parasitism_by_the_Cuckoo_Differ_Considerably_Between_Two_Populations_of_Warblers_Living_in_the_Same_Habitat">Why Does the Frequency of Nest Parasitism by the Cuckoo Differ Considerably Between Two Populations of Warblers Living in the Same Habitat?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32962926" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndrzejDyrcz">Andrzej Dyrcz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ethology, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Why Does the Frequency of Nest Parasitism by the Cuckoo Differ Considerably Between Two Populations of Warblers Living in the Same Habitat?","attachmentId":44834015,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13889072/Why_Does_the_Frequency_of_Nest_Parasitism_by_the_Cuckoo_Differ_Considerably_Between_Two_Populations_of_Warblers_Living_in_the_Same_Habitat","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13889072/Why_Does_the_Frequency_of_Nest_Parasitism_by_the_Cuckoo_Differ_Considerably_Between_Two_Populations_of_Warblers_Living_in_the_Same_Habitat"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":40344812,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":40344812,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_40344812" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="1933801" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1933801/A_comparative_analysis_of_the_evolution_of_variation_in_appearance_of_eggs_of_European_passerines_in_relation_to_brood_parasitism">A comparative analysis of the evolution of variation in appearance of eggs of European passerines in relation to brood parasitism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2496917" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JSoler">Juan Soler</a></div><p 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Auk, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Factors Affecting Reed Warbler Risk of Brood Parasitism by the Common Cuckoo","attachmentId":96411177,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93762870/Factors_Affecting_Reed_Warbler_Risk_of_Brood_Parasitism_by_the_Common_Cuckoo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93762870/Factors_Affecting_Reed_Warbler_Risk_of_Brood_Parasitism_by_the_Common_Cuckoo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="61375041" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61375041/An_experimental_test_of_hosts_life_history_traits_modulation_in_response_to_cuckoo_parasitism_risk">An experimental test of host's life history traits modulation in response to cuckoo parasitism risk</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49321801" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MercedesMolinamorales">Mercedes Molina-morales</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PloS one, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An experimental test of host's life history traits modulation in response to cuckoo parasitism risk","attachmentId":74424781,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/61375041/An_experimental_test_of_hosts_life_history_traits_modulation_in_response_to_cuckoo_parasitism_risk","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/61375041/An_experimental_test_of_hosts_life_history_traits_modulation_in_response_to_cuckoo_parasitism_risk"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="13628021" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628021/Responses_of_potential_hosts_of_Asian_cuckoos_to_experimental_parasitism">Responses of potential hosts of Asian cuckoos to experimental parasitism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32791142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArneMoksnes">Arne Moksnes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ibis, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Responses of potential hosts of Asian cuckoos to experimental parasitism","attachmentId":45132605,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13628021/Responses_of_potential_hosts_of_Asian_cuckoos_to_experimental_parasitism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628021/Responses_of_potential_hosts_of_Asian_cuckoos_to_experimental_parasitism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="87518280" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87518280/Great_spotted_cuckoo_nestlings_have_no_antipredatory_effect_on_magpie_or_carrion_crow_host_nests_in_southern_Spain">Great spotted cuckoo nestlings have no antipredatory effect on magpie or carrion crow host nests in southern Spain</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="238007724" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariaSoledadRoldan">Maria Soledad Roldan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PloS one, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Great spotted cuckoo nestlings have no antipredatory effect on magpie or carrion crow host nests in southern Spain","attachmentId":91704009,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87518280/Great_spotted_cuckoo_nestlings_have_no_antipredatory_effect_on_magpie_or_carrion_crow_host_nests_in_southern_Spain","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87518280/Great_spotted_cuckoo_nestlings_have_no_antipredatory_effect_on_magpie_or_carrion_crow_host_nests_in_southern_Spain"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="122452702" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122452702/Do_climatic_conditions_affect_host_and_parasite_phenotypes_differentially_A_case_study_of_magpies_and_great_spotted_cuckoos">Do climatic conditions affect host and parasite phenotypes differentially? A case study of magpies and great spotted cuckoos</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49321801" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MercedesMolinamorales">Mercedes Molina-morales</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Oecologia, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Do climatic conditions affect host and parasite phenotypes differentially? A case study of magpies and great spotted cuckoos","attachmentId":117113112,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122452702/Do_climatic_conditions_affect_host_and_parasite_phenotypes_differentially_A_case_study_of_magpies_and_great_spotted_cuckoos","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122452702/Do_climatic_conditions_affect_host_and_parasite_phenotypes_differentially_A_case_study_of_magpies_and_great_spotted_cuckoos"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="91679210" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91679210/Adaptations_in_the_common_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_to_host_eggs_in_a_multiple_hosts_system_of_brood_parasitism">Adaptations in the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) to host eggs in a multiple-hosts system of brood parasitism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32592459" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CMoskat">C. Moskat</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Adaptations in the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) to host eggs in a multiple-hosts system of brood parasitism","attachmentId":94898569,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91679210/Adaptations_in_the_common_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_to_host_eggs_in_a_multiple_hosts_system_of_brood_parasitism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91679210/Adaptations_in_the_common_cuckoo_Cuculus_canorus_to_host_eggs_in_a_multiple_hosts_system_of_brood_parasitism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="13628036" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13628036/Host_density_predicts_presence_of_cuckoo_parasitism_in_reed_warblers">Host density predicts presence of cuckoo parasitism in reed warblers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33018539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Proch%C3%A1zkaP">Petr Procházka</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32954469" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeirRudolfsen">Geir Rudolfsen</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32791142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArneMoksnes">Arne Moksnes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Oikos, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Host density predicts presence of cuckoo parasitism in reed warblers","attachmentId":45132572,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13628036/Host_density_predicts_presence_of_cuckoo_parasitism_in_reed_warblers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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